Technical Seminar on Road Transportation Infrastructure for ASEAN Integration

Structure Maintenance

Challenges to Bridge Design

and Wind Measures
- Unique steel-concrete composite continuous arch structure, attaching pedestrian bridge,
and a case of the cable-stayed bridge that wind stability has become a problem before opening -

Nobuhisa Imanishi
Project Manager
Department of Infrastructure

June 14th, 2016

Eight-Japan Engineering Consultants Inc. (EJEC)

Profile of Nobuhisa IMANISHI
Professional Engineer(Japan) in Civil Engineering (Materials &
Structures)

Engaged in bridge design

Graduated from Civil Engineering Department of Kansai University,

Japan, in 1996

Experience of Consultant for 20 years

Main Projects:
The detail design of Otagawa-ohashi bridge
Technical study of Shinminato-ohashi bridge
The detailed design of the vibration damping
device of the cable in the cable-stayed bridge
Technical study of Rainbow bridge
Eight-Japan Engineering Consultants Inc. (EJEC)
Page 2
1.Unique steel-concrete composite continuous arch structure
1-1. Outline

Otagawaohashi Br.

Seto Inland Sea

Itsukushima

Tokyo

Osaka

Hiroshima

Eight-Japan Engineering Consultants Inc. (EJEC)

Page 3
1. Unique steel-concrete composite continuous arch structure
1-1. Outline
Bridge site : Ota river discharge channel in Hiroshima city
Road name : Hiroshima south road (free zone managed by Hiroshima city)
Bridge name : Otagawa-ohashi bridge
Road bridge : Bridge length 412m/6-span steel-concrete composite continuous arch structure
Pedestrian bridge : Bridge length 364m/Multi-span continuous PC slab bridge
Completion : March, 2014
Hiroshima Station
Ota river discharge channel

Togo-bashi bridge
Hiroshima Peace Memorial Park

Hiroshima south road

Former Hiroshima
Otagawa-ohashi bridge
west airport
Eight-Japan Engineering Consultants Inc. (EJEC)
Page 4
1. Unique steel-concrete composite continuous arch structure
1-1. Outline
From upper stream

Itsukushima

Former Hiroshima west airport

Pedestrian bridge

Eight-Japan Engineering Consultants Inc. (EJEC)

Page 5
1. Unique steel-concrete composite continuous arch structure
1-2. Features of the project
Selection of bridge design by international competition the presentation was open for citizens
Condition on design and construction
1. The automobile road with bicycle and pedestrian roads
2. Structure height restriction due to airplane and river condition
3. Construction period restriction (about 2 and a half years)
International competition(Aug.2008~)->Design(Oct.2009~)->Construction(Sep.2011~Mar.2014)=about 5.5 years
Restriction due to airplane

Airfield

National Road Bridge in future

Otagawa-
National Road Bridge ohashi Airfield
in future bridge
Eight-Japan Engineering Consultants Inc. (EJEC)
Page 6
1. Unique steel-concrete composite continuous arch structure
1-3. Design concept and features of design and structure
In a place between sea and land for city of water Hiroshima
Create the landscape of the hometown
that remains in everyone's memory

Bridge easy to use for people in community

and enjoyable to cross over

1. Bridge form that reminds of Itsukushima => Continuous arch structure

2. Impressive arch => Braced-rib structure by the upper and lower chords box
3. Pedestrian road easy to walk and with ocean view
=> Four supporting structures from main bridge
4. Integral design of continuous viaducts => Continuity of the landscape
Eight-Japan Engineering Consultants Inc. (EJEC)
Page 7
1. Unique steel-concrete composite continuous arch structure
1-3. Design concept and features of design and structure
Feature 1 : Continuous arch structure
Two arches connecting to Itsukushima Arch lower than Itsukushima
River condition, airspace restriction, Structure system serialize two arches
limited construction period
Itsukushima

Structure system of continuous arch

Horizontal force of the arch ends Tensioning force of the external cable
Negative bending of the middle fulcrum Fin-back and the inner cable

Fin-back cable Arch compression

tension
Fin-back

PC box girder External cable Rigidly connected

Eight-Japan Engineering Consultants Inc. (EJEC)

Page 8
1. Unique steel-concrete composite continuous arch structure
1-3. Design concept and features of design and structure
Composite structure of the arch base
Steel arch
Fin-back
Fin-back cable

SRC

Anchor bolt

Feature 2 : Braced-rib structure arch

Upper and lower chords Steel box cross
section filled with concrete Steel Pipe
Diagonal members Place the square steel
pipe to the V-shaped
Vertical material PC cable Filling concrete

Shadow of the upper and lower chords support the arch line
View angles and time zone produce a variety of different
impressions
Vertical material
Eight-Japan Engineering Consultants Inc. (EJEC)
Page 9
1. Unique steel-concrete composite continuous arch structure
1-3. Design concept and features of design and structure
Feature 3 : Pedestrian bridge supporting structure

Easy to use and enjoyable to walk Pavement space with gentle slope that
connects the both banks
Dramatic sidewalk linear with ocean views

Adopted four support structure in accordance with

the positional relationship between the main bridge

Hanging bracket
Hanging cable portion under girder portion
P3 pier terrace bracket portion
Roadway parallel
section bracket portion
Eight-Japan Engineering Consultants Inc. (EJEC)
Page 10
1. Unique steel-concrete composite continuous arch structure
1-3. Design concept and features of design and structure
Feature 3 : Pedestrian bridge supporting structure
Hanging cable portion under girder

Staggered arrangement

From the left bank side, it passes through the bright lower girder

Eight-Japan Engineering Consultants Inc. (EJEC)

Page 11
1. Unique steel-concrete composite continuous arch structure
1-3. Design concept and features of design and structure
Feature 3 : Pedestrian bridge supporting structure
P3 pier terrace bracket portion

P3 pier terrace bracket portion

Citizens can take a break while enjoying the views of the Seto Inland Sea

Eight-Japan Engineering Consultants Inc. (EJEC)

Page 12
1. Unique steel-concrete composite continuous arch structure
1-3. Design concept and features of design and structure
Feature 3 : Several overviews and pedestrian bridge supporting structure
Hanging bracket portion

Hanging bracket portion

Slightly climb the road with no feeling of pressure bracket

Eight-Japan Engineering Consultants Inc. (EJEC)

Page 13
1. Unique steel-concrete composite continuous arch structure
1-3. Design concept and features of design and structure
Feature 3 : Pedestrian bridge supporting structure
Bracket portion

Bracket portion

Walk and admire the relaxed arch

Eight-Japan Engineering Consultants Inc. (EJEC)

Page 14
1. Unique steel-concrete composite continuous arch structure
1-4. Construction process
Construction period STEP
Completion : 2014.3

2011 2012 2013

Eight-Japan Engineering Consultants Inc. (EJEC)

Page 15
1. Unique steel-concrete composite continuous arch structure
1-5. Structure study by Model
Full model scale1:300 Cable attachment part
scale1:15

Arch base
Arch
Full modelscale1:50full length4m

Arch main chord

Arch modelscale1:30

Eight-Japan Engineering Consultants Inc. (EJEC)

Page 16
1. Unique steel-concrete composite continuous arch structure
1-6. Safety check by analysis and experiments
Check of earthquake resistance by
the dynamic response analysis Three-dimensional model test

Walking ground motion examination

by dynamic FEM
Check of wind stability by wind
tunnel Two-dimensional
Walking vibration model test
analysis deformation
diagram

Eight-Japan Engineering Consultants Inc. (EJEC) Three-dimensional model test Page 17

1. Unique steel-concrete composite continuous arch structure
1-7. Impressions of the pedestrian bridge user
The results of the questionnaire were many favorable opinion.
I think good to views of both land and sea.
Loose gradient of the pedestrian bridge is good and I can walk with confidence
because it is separated from the roadway.
Landscape is getting better after the construction of the bridge.
Arch is beautiful. That matches the shape of the surrounding mountains.
I want more benches on the pedestrian bridge.
Good walking
comfort(4.8)
5

Good plan that the 4

Good continuity
pedestrian bridge is
3 with the approach
separated from the
section(4.6)
roadway(4.8)
2
1

Good color of the

Good design(4.4)
bridge(4.4)

Good affinity with

the surrounding
landscape(4.5)
Eight-Japan Engineering Consultants Inc. (EJEC)
Page 18
2. Wind measures for wind stability of cable-stayed bridge
2-1.Outline
Bridge site Vibration occurs at the center span steel
girder of 5 span continuous composite
cable-stayed bridgeP22P23

Toyama investigation of the cause

Tokyo consider measures

Structure elements
North north-east 5
600m120m+360m+120m
2
PC3
P22
9.5m1.25+3.5+3.5+1.25
South south-west P23 U10 39m/sec

Shinminato-ohashi bridge side view and a sectional view Page 19

Eight-Japan Engineering Consultants Inc. (EJEC)
2. Wind measures for wind stability of cable-stayed bridge
2-2. Vibration situation
Wind Relatively low wind of 12m14m/s (perpendicular direction of the bridge)
Vibration direction, Frequency
Center of main span steel girder vibrates up and down (0.464Hz)
Regularly vibration in the vertical first-order mode
Vibration amplitude
Maximum half amplitude 35cm (about maximum acceleration 300gal)
Measures necessary for running safety of more than 100gal

Service safety is not be ensured

Center part vibrationprimary
mode Vertical deflection vortex-
Maximum half amplitude 35cm induced vibration

Up-down
vibration Up and down
Eight-Japan Engineering Consultants Inc. (EJEC)
Page 20
2. Wind measures for wind stability of cable-stayed bridge
2-3. Cause of vibration
Structural attenuation of past cable-stayed bridge
Difference between design
BridgeCenter span 360m
and reality Vertical deflection structural
(1) Difference of structural attenuation attenuation 0.014
( Factor of the structural mechanical )
Design0.02 ( general standard )
Reality0.014 ( vibration experiment )

* 0.02 is safe side from the past real
bridge vibration experiment

Real Design
(2) Difference of adjunct shape
( Factor of the aerodynamic characteristics )
shape of the protective fence is different
Effect of cross-sectional shape on the wind-resistant
is not simple
In particular, the shape of the protective fence has a
large degree of influence

Conduct "wind tunnel experiment"(Verification of the cause)

Eight-Japan Engineering Consultants Inc. (EJEC)

Page 21
2. Wind measures for wind stability of cable-stayed bridge
2-4. Measure study
Case3:Flap and Case4:Tuned
Case1:Flap Case2:Deflector
Deflector mass damper

Model length 1,250mm Verification by

dynamic
Real bridge62.5m
response analysis
Wind tunnel experiment Partial
model
Length It did not
1,800mm become realistic
measure
Eight-Japan Engineering Consultants Inc. (EJEC)
Page 22
 2. Wind measures for wind stability of cable-stayed bridge
2-5. Wind tunnel test results

Case3:Flap and deflector

Case0:Initial condition Case1:Flap installation installation

600 600 600

=59m/s =59m/s =59m/s
500 500 500
mm

mm

mm
400 400 400
300 300 300

200 200
117mm(100gal) 200
117mm(100gal) 117mm(100gal)
100
100 100
0
0 0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
m/s
m/s m/s

In Case 2 , we could not meet the target value .

Eight-Japan Engineering Consultants Inc. (EJEC)

Page 23
2. Wind measures for wind stability of cable-stayed bridge
2-6. Confirmation of the measures effect
Acceleration of steel girder after flap
installation is below the 100gal in same
wind direction and wind speed

Wind stability is
confirmed with the flap
installation

Eight-Japan Engineering Consultants Inc. (EJEC)

Page 24
 Thank you for your kind attention

Please contact me if there are any questions!

Nobuhisa Imanishi
Department of Infrastructure
Eight-Japan Engineering Consultants Inc. (EJEC)
E-mail: imanishi-no@ej-hds.co.jp

Eight-Japan Engineering Consultants Inc. (EJEC) Page End