fcgkj xtV

vlk/kkj.k vad
fcgkj ljdkj }kjk dkf'kr
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
01 Hkk 1939 'k
iVuk] cq/kokj 23 vxLr 2017
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
5
fcgkj yksd lsok vk;ksx
--------------
15] tokgj yky usg: ekxZ] iVuk& 800001

fcgkj yksd lsok vk;ksx }kjk lapkfyr 60oha ls 62oha lfEefyr la;qDr fr;ksfxrk kjfEHkd ijh{kk
rFkk eq[; ijh{kk ,oa Hkfo"; esa vk;ksftr dh tkusokyh la;qDr fr;ksfxrk kjfEHkd ijh{kk rFkk
eq[; ijh{kk dh v|ru la'kksf/kr lajpuk ,oe~ v|ru la'kksf/kr ikB~;eA
 fcgkj xtV
vlk/kkj.k vad
fcgkj ljdkj }kjk dkf'kr

fcgkj yksd lsok vk;ksx

--------------

15] tokgj yky usg: ekxZ] iVuk& 800001

fcgkj yksd lsok vk;ksx }kjk lapkfyr 60oha ls 62oha lfEefyr la;qDr fr;ksfxrk kjfEHkd ijh{kk
rFkk eq[; ijh{kk ,oa Hkfo"; esa vk;ksftr dh tkusokyh la;qDr fr;ksfxrk kjfEHkd ijh{kk rFkk
eq[; ijh{kk dh v|ru la'kksf/kr lajpuk ,oe~ v|ru la'kksf/kr ikB~;eA
ikB~;e dks FkksM+k&cgqr la'kksf/kr fd;k tk ldrk gS
Hkkx& 1
kjfEHkd ijh{kk
kjfEHkd ijh{kk nks ?k.Vksa dh gksxh] ftlesa lkekU; v/;;u dk ,d i= 150 ,d lkS ipkl
vadksa dk gksxkA 'u i= fgUnh vkSj vaxzsth nksuksa esa gksaxsA
kjfEHkd ijh{kk ds lkekU; v/;;u i= ds 'u&i= oLrqfu"B ,oe~ cgqfodYi dkj ds gksaxsA
mEehnokj oLrqiwjd 'u&i=ksa 'u iqfLrdk dk mkj nsus ds fy;s dSydqysVj dk ;ksx ugha
dj ldrs gSaA
kjfEHkd ijh{kk egt tkp ijh{kk gksxh] ftlds vk/kkj ij eq[; ijh{kk gsrq mEehnokjksa dk p;u
fd;k tk;sxkA vr% blesa kIr fd;s x;s vadksa dk eq[; ijh{kk ls dksbZ laca/k ugha gksxkA blesa
mkh.kZrk vfuok;Z gksxh vkSj blds fy, vk;ksx }kjk fu/kkZfjr U;wure vgZrkad kIr djuk gksxkA
eq[; ijh{kk ds fy, pqus tkus okys mEehnokjksa dh la[;k dqy lalwfpr fjfDr;ksa dh nl xquh gksxhA
kjfEHkd ijh{kk ds kIrkadksa ds tksM+ dh 'kq)rk tkp djkus ,oa blds kIrkad fuxZr djus dk
ko/kku ugha gSA
Hkkx& 2
eq[; ijh{kk
eq[; ijh{kk ds vfuok;Z fo"k;
fo"k; dksM fo"k; iw.kkd ijh{kk dh vof/k
01 lkekU; fgUnh 100 vad dk 03 ?kaVs dh gksxhA
02 lkekU; v/;;u& i=& 1 300 vad dk 03 ?kaVs dh gksxhA
03 lkekU; v/;;u& i= &2 300 vad dk 03 ?kaVs dh gksxhA
lkekU; fgUnh esa 30 fr'kr yC/kkad vad kIr djuk vfuok;Z gksxk] fdUrq es/kk fu/kkZj.k ds
;kstukFkZ bldh x.kuk ugha dh tk;sxhA
fVIi.kh%& ,sfPNd fo"k;ksa dk ekud yxHkx ogh gksxk] tks iVuk fo'ofo|ky; ds rhu o"khZ;
vkWulZ ijh{kk dk gSA

2
 ,sfPNd fo"k;& R;sd fo"k; 300 vad dk
R;sd vH;FkhZ dks fuEukafdr oSdfYid fo"k;ksa ds fo"k; dksM& 04 ls fo"k; dksM& 37 rd esa ls ek= ,d
oSdfYid fo"k; dk p;u djuk gksxk] ftlesa iwoZ ds nksuksa i=ksa ds ikB~;eksa Syllabus dks feykdj 300 vadksa
dk ek= ,d gh 'u&i= gksxk ,oe~ ijh{kk dh vof/k 03 ?kaVs dh gksxhA
fo"k; fo"k; fo"k; fo"k;
dksM dksM
04 f"k foKku 05 Ik'kqikyu rFkk Ik'kq fpfdRlk foKku
06 ekuo foKku 07 ouLifr foKku
08 jlk;u foKku 09 flfoy bathfu;fjax
10 okf.kfT;d 'kkL= rFkk ys[kk fof/k 11 vFkZ'kkL=
12 fo|qr bathfu;fjax 13 Hkwxksy
14 Hkw&foKku 15 bfrgkl
16 Je ,oa lekt dY;k.k 17 fof/k
18 cU/k 19 xf.kr
20 ;kaf=d bathfu;fjax 21 n'kZu 'kkL=
22 HkkSfrdh 23 jktuhfr foKku rFkk varjkZ"Vh; laca/k
24 euksfoKku 25 yksd 'kklu
26 lekt 'kkL= 27 lkaf[;dh
28 k.kh foKku 29 fgUnh Hkk"kk vkSj lkfgR;
30 vaxzsth Hkk"kk vkSj lkfgR; 31 mnwZ Hkk"kk vkSj lkfgR;
32 caxyk Hkk"kk vkSj lkfgR; 33 laLr Hkk"kk vkSj lkfgR;
34 Qkjlh Hkk"kk vkSj lkfgR; 35 vjch Hkk"kk vkSj lkfgR;
36 ikyh Hkk"kk vkSj lkfgR; 37 eSfFkyh Hkk"kk vkSj lkfgR;
fVIi.kh%&
1 'u&i= fgUnh vkSj vaxzsth nksuksa esa gksaxsA
2 lHkh Hkk"kskj fo"k;ksa ds mkj fgUnh ;k vaxzsth ;k mnwZ esa ls fdlh ,d gh Hkk"kk esa fn;s tk ldrs gSAa
mEehnokjksa dks vU; Hkk"kk esa mkj nsus dh NwV ugha gksxhA
3 'u i=ksa ds mkj nsus dk fodYi ysus okys mEehnokj ;fn pkgsa rks dsoy rduhdh
'kCnksa@okD;ka'kksa@m)`r va'kksa dk ;fn dksbZ gS] fooj.k dk muds }kjk pquh xbZ Hkk"kk ds lkFk vaxzsth
:ikUrj ns ldrs gSaA
4 mEehnokj dks vius 'u&i= ds mkj Lo;a vius gkFk ls fy[kus gksaxsA fdlh Hkh ifjfLFkfr esa blds fy;s
nwljs ls lgk;rk ysus dh vuqefr ugha nh tk;sxhA
5 ijh{kk ds lHkh fo"k;ksa esa de&ls&de 'kCnksa esa dh xbZ laxfBr] lw{e vkSj l'kDr vfHkO;fDr dks Js;
feysxkA
6 'u&i=ksa esa tgk dgha Hkh vko';d gks] eki rkSy ls lEc) 'u ehVjh .kkyh esa gksaxsA
7 mEehnokj 'u i=ksa ds mkj nsrs le; dsoy Hkkjrh; vadksa ds vUrjkZ"Vh; :i tSls& 1] 2] 3] 4] 5] 6] 7]
8] 9 dk gh ;ksx djsaA
8 mEehnokj ;fn pkgsa rks eq[; ijh{kk esa dSydqysVj dk ;ksx dj ldrs gSaA ijh{kk esa fdlh ls dSydqysVj
ekxus ;k vkil esa cnyus dh vuqefr ugha gSA

3
 Hkkx& 3
O;fDrRo ijh{k.k
1 eq[; ijh{kk esa lQyhHkwr mEehnokjksa dk O;fDrRo ijh{k.k 120 vadksa dk gksxkA
2 rnqijkar eq[; ijh{kk ds 900 vad ,oe~ lk{kkRdkj ds fy, 120 vad( dqy 1020 vadksa ds vk/kkj ij es/kk
lwph rS;kj dh tk;sxhA
3 vk;ksx lQy mEehnokj dks muesa ls fdlh Hkh lsok ;k in ds fy;s vuq'kaflr djus dk vf/kdkj j[krk gS]
ftlds fy, mEehnokj us bPNk dV dh gS rFkk ftlds fy;s vk;ksx mls ;ksX; le>rk gSA

kjfEHkd ijh{kk dk ikB~;e

lkekU; v/;;u
bl i= esa Kku foKku ds fuEufyf[kr {ks=ksa ls lacaf/kr 'u gksaxs%&
lkekU; foKku%& jk"Vh; rFkk lkekU; foKku] vUrjkZ"Vh; egRo dh lelkef;d ?kVuk,a] Hkkjr dk bfrgkl rFkk
fcgkj ds bfrgkl dh eq[k fo'ks"krk,A
lkekU; Hkwxksy%& fcgkj ds eq[k HkkSxksfyd Hkkx rFkk ;gk dh egRoiw.kZ ufn;k] Hkkjr dh jkT; O;oLFkk vkSj
vkfFkZd O;oLFkk] vktknh ds Ik'pkr~ fcgkj dh vFkZO;oLFkk ds eq[k ifjorZu] Hkkjr dk jk"Vh; vkanksyu rFkk
blesa fcgkj dk ;ksxnkuA
lkekU; ekufld ;ksX;rk dks tkpus okyk 'u
lkekU; foKku ds vUrxZr nSfud vuqHko rFkk s{k.k ls lacaf/kr fo"k;ksa lfgr foKku dh lkekU;
tkudkjh rFkk ifjcks/k ij ,sls 'u iwNs tk;saxs] ftldh fdlh Hkh lqf'kf{kr O;fDr ls vis{kk dh tk ldrh gS]
ftlus oSKkfud fo"k;ksa dk fo'ks"k v/;;u ugha fd;k gSA bfrgkl ds vUrxZr fo"k; ds lkekftd] vkfFkZd vkSj
jktuhfrd ifjs{; esa fo"k; dh lkekU; tkudkjh ij fo'ks"k /;ku fn;k tk;sxkA ijh{kkfFkZ;ksa ls vk'kk dh tkrh
gS fd os fcgkj ds bfrgkl dh eq[; ?kVukvksa ls ifjfpr gksaxsA Hkwxksy fo"k; esa ^^Hkkjr rFkk fcgkj** ds Hkwxksy ij
fo'ks"k /;ku fn;k tk;sxkA ^^Hkkjr rFkk fcgkj dk Hkwxksy** ds vUrxZr ns'k ds lkekftd rFkk vkfFkZd Hkwxksy ls
lacaf/kr 'u gksaxs] ftuesa Hkkjrh; f"k rFkk kfrd lk/kuksa dh eq[k fo'ks"krk, lfEefyr gksaxhA Hkkjr dh
jkT; O;oLFkk vkSj vkfFkZd O;oLFkk ds vUrxZr ns'k dh jktuhfrd .kkyh] iapk;rh jkt] lkeqnkf;d fodkl
rFkk Hkkjrh; ;kstuk fcgkj ds lanHkZ esa Hkh lEcU/kh tkudkjh dk ijh{k.k fd;k tk;sxkA ^^Hkkjr ds jk"Vh;
vkanksyu** ds vUrxZr mUuhloha 'krkCnh ds iqu:RFkku ds Lo:Ik vkSj LoHkko] jk"Vh;rk dk fodkl rFkk Lora=rk
kfIr ls lacaf/kr 'u iwNs tk;saxsA ijh{kkfFkZ;ksa ls vk'kk dh tkrh gS fd os Hkkjrh; Lora=rk laxzke esa fcgkj dh
Hkwfedk ij iwNs x, 'uksa ds Hkh mkj nsaA

4
 eq[; ijh{kk
ijh{kk ds fy;s ekud ,oa ikB~;e dh fooj.kh
vfuok;Z fo"k;
01- lkekU; fgUnh
bl i= esa 'u fcgkj fo|ky; ijh{kk lfefr ds ek/;fed lsds.Mjh Lrj ds gksaxsA bl ijh{kk esa ljy
fgUnh esa vius Hkkoksa dks Li"Vr% ,oa 'kq)&'kq) :Ik esa O;Dr djus dh {kerk vkSj lgt cks/k 'kfDr dh tkp
le>h tk;sxhA
vadksa dk fooj.k fuEu dkj gksxk%&
fucU/k & 30 vad
O;kdj.k & 30 vad
okD; foU;kl & 25 vad
la{ksi.k & 15 vad
lkekU; v/;;u
lkekU; v/;;u ds 'u i= ^^1** vkSj 'u i= ^^2** ds Hkkx ds fuEufyf[kr {ks= gksaxs%&

02- lkekU; v/;;u& i= 1

1- Hkkjr dk vk/kqfud bfrgkl vkSj Hkkjrh; laLfrA
2- jk"Vh; rFkk vUrjkZ"Vh; egRo dk orZeku ?kVuk pA
3- lkaf[;dh fo'ys"k.k vkjs[ku vkSj fp=.kA
03- lkekU; v/;;u& i= 2
1- Hkkjrh; jkT; O;oLFkkA
2- Hkkjrh; vFkZ O;oLFkk vkSj Hkkjr dk HkwxksyA
3- Hkkjr ds fodkl esa foKku vkSj kS|ksfxdh dh Hkwfedk vkSj HkkoA
i=& 1 esa vk/kqfud Hkkjr rFkk fcgkj ds fo'ks"k lUnHkZ esa ds bfrgkl vkSj Hkkjrh; laLfr ds vUrxZr yxHkx
mhloha 'krkCnh ds e/; Hkkx ls ysdj ns'k ds bfrgkl dh :i js[kk ds lkFk&lkFk xk/kh] johU vkSj usg: ls
lacaf/kr 'u Hkh lfEefyr gksaxsA fcgkj ds vk/kqfud bfrgkl ds lanHkZ esa 'u bl {ks= esa ik'pkR; f'k{kk
kS|ksfxdh f'k{kk lesr ds vkjEHk vkSj fodkl ls iwNs tk,axsA blesa Hkkjrh; Lora=rk laxzke esa fcgkj dh Hkwfedk
ls lacaf/kr 'u jgsaxsA ;s 'u eq[;r% laFkky foksg] fcgkj esa 1857 fojlk dk vkUnksyu] pEikj.k lR;kxzg rFkk
1942 dk Hkkjr NksM+ks vkanksyu ls iwNs tk,xsA ijh{kkfFkZ;ksa ls vk'kk dh tkrh gS fd os ekS;Z dky rFkk iky dky
dh dyk vkSj iVuk dye fp=dyk dh eq[; fo'ks"krkvksa ls ifjfpr gksaxsA lkaf[;dh; fo'ys"k.k vkjs[ku vkSj
lfp= fu:i.k ls lacaf/kr fo"k;ksa esa lkaf[;dh; vkjs[ku ;k fp=kRed :Ik ls Lrqr lkexzh dh tkudkjh ds
vk/kkj ij lgt cqf) dk ;ksx djrs gq, dqN fu"d"kZ fudkyuk vkSj mlesa ikbZ xbZ dfe;ksa] lhekvksa vkSj
vlaxfr;ksa dk fu:i.k djus dh {kerk dh ijh{kk gksxhA
i=& 2 esa Hkkjrh; jkT; O;oLFkk ls lacaf/kr [kaM esa Hkkjr dh rFkk fcgkj dh jktuhfrd O;oLFkk ls lacaf/kr
'u gksaxsA Hkkjrh; vFkZ O;oLFkk vkSj Hkkjr rFkk fcgkj ds Hkwxksy ls lacaf/kr [kaM esa Hkkjr dh ;kstuk vkSj Hkkjr
ds HkkSfrd] vkfFkZd vkSj lkekftd Hkwxksy ls lacaf/kr 'u iwNs tk,xsA Hkkjr ds fodkl esa foKku vkSj kS|ksfxdh
ds egRo vkSj Hkko ls lacaf/kr rhljs [kaM esa ,sls 'u iwNs tk,xs] tks Hkkjr rFkk fcgkj esa foKku vkSj
kS|ksfxdh ds egRo ds ckjs esa mEehnokj dh tkudkjh dh ijh{kk djsA buesa k;ksfxd i{k ij cy fn;k tk,xkA

5
 ,sfPNd fo"k;
04- f"k
[k.M& I (Section- I)
ifjfLFkfr foKku vkSj ekuo ds fy;s mldh klafxdrk] kfrd lalk/ku] mudk ca/ku rFkk laj{k.kA
Qlyksa ds mRiknu vkSj forj.k ds dkjd&rRo] HkkSfrd vkSj lkekftd okrkoj.k] Qly o`f) esa tyok;q rRoksa
dk Hkko] Qly e ij okrkoj.k lwpd ds :Ik esa ifjorZu'khy okrkoj.k dk HkkoA Qly] Ik'kq vkSj ekuo ij
nwf"kr okrkoj.k dk Hkko vkSj lacaf/kr [krjsA
fcgkj ds f"k tyok;q {ks=] ns'k ds fofHk f"k&tyok;q {ks=ksa esa Qly e( mkjh fcgkj] nf{k.kh fcgkj
vkSj NksVkukxiqj igkM+h ds fof'k"V lUnHkZ esa fcgkj esa Qly e esa ifjorZu ij vf/kd iSnkokj okyh vkSj
vYidkyhu fdLeksa dk HkkoA cgqQlyh; .kkyh] fefJr Qly .kkyh] vuqin vkSj vUrj Qly .kkyh dh
ladYiuk rFkk [kk| mRiknu esa mudk egRo ns'k ds fofHk {ks=ksa esa [kjhQ vkSj jch ekSleksa esa eq[; vukt]
nygu] rsygu] js'kk] 'kdZjk rFkk O;kolkf;d Qlyksa ds mRiknu dh los"Vu jhfr;ksaA fcgkj dh eq[; elkyk
Qlysa& fepkZ] vnj[k] gYnh vkSj /kfu;kA
ouksa ds lkj] lkekftd okfudh] f"k okfudh ,oa kfrd ou( tSls& ou jksi.k dh fofHk fof/k;ksa dh
eq[; fo'ks"krk,] lEHkkouk vkSj pkjA
[kj&irokj] mudh fo'ks"krk,] lkj.k rFkk fofHk Qlyksa ds lkFk lgokl] xq.ku] lefUor [kj&irokj
fu;a=.k lao/kZfud] tSfod rFkk jklk;fudA
e`nk&fuekZ.k dh f;k rFkk dkjd] Hkkjrh; e`nkvksa dk oxhZdj.k vk/kqfud vo/kkj.k lfgr] fcgkj dh e`nk
ds eq[k dkj] e`nkvksa ds [kfut rFkk dkcZfud lajpukRed rRo rFkk e`nk dh mRikndrk cuk, j[kus esa
mudh HkwfedkA leL;kRed e`nk,& Hkkjr esa mudk foLrkj rFkk forj.k] e`nk yo.krk] [kkjh;rk vkSj vkEyh;rk
dh leL;k rFkk mudk ca/kuA e`nk vkSj ikS/kksa ds vko';d iks"kd rFkk vU; ykHkdkjh rRo] feV~Vh esa muds
forj.k f;k vkSj vkokZu dks Hkkfor djus okys dkjdA lgthoh rFkk vlgthoh us=ou] fLFkfjdj.k] e`nk
moZjrk ds fl)kar rFkk mfpr moZjd ;ksx ds fy, mldk ewY;kadu] tSfod moZjd] fcgkj dh Vky] fn;kjk
vkSj pkSj Hkwfe dh leL;k rFkk ,slh fLFkfr esa Qly .kkyhA
ty foHkktu ds vk/kkj ij e`nk laj{k.k ;kstuk] igkM+h] in&igkM+h rFkk ?kkVh tehuksa esa vijnu vkSj
vokg dh lEHkkouk] mudks Hkkfor djus okyh f;k, vkSj dkjdA okjkuh f"k vkSj mlls lacaf/kr leL;k,]
o"kkZ /kku f"k {ks=ksa esa mRiknu esa fLFkjrk ykus dh rduhdA
'k"; mRiknu ls lacaf/kr ty mi;ksx {kerk] flapkbZ e ds vk/kkjHkwr] flapkbZ ty ds vokg gkfu dks
de djus dh fof/k;kA tykkar Hkwfe ls ty fudklA fcgkj ds f"k fodkl esa fofHk dekUM {ks= fodkl
,tsalh dh HkwfedkA
f"k {ks= ca/k fo"k;( {ks=] egRo rFkk fo'ks"krk,A f"k {ks= vk;kstu vkSj ctV] fofHk dkj dh f"k
.kkfy;ksa dh vFkZO;oLFkkA
f"k fufo"Vksa vkSj mRiknksa dk foi.ku vkSj ewY; fu/kkZj.k] ewY; mrkj&p<+ko] f"k .kkyh ds dkj vkSj
Hkkfor djus okys dkjdA fcgkj ds f"k fodkl esa lgdkjh foi.ku vkSj _.k dh HkwfedkA
fcgkj esa foxr nks n'kdksa esa f"k mRiknu dh :ijs[kkA fcgkj esa Hkwfe lq/kkj dh xfr vkSj f"k mRikndrk
ij mudk HkkoA
f"k lkj] egRo rFkk Hkwfedk] f"k lkj dk;Zeksa ds ewY;kadu dh fof/k] egRoiw.kZ lkj] fof/k;k vkSj
lkj lk/ku] xzkeh.k usr`Ro] lkekftd vkfFkZd lossZ{k.k vkSj cM+s] NksVs] lhekar "kdkas] Hkwfeghuksa ,oa Jfedksa dh
fLFkfrA f"k ;a=hdj.k rFkk xzkeh.k jkstxkj vkSj f"k mRiknu eas bldh HkwfedkA f"k lkj dk;ZdrkZvksa ds
fy, f'k{k.k dk;Ze] f"k foKku dsU] lkj esa xSj&ljdkjh laxBuksa dh HkwfedkA
[k.M& II (Section- II)
fcgkj esa f"k vuqla/kku vkSj f'k{kk .kkyh dh mRifk vkSj fodklA
eq[; Qlyksa ds lq/kkj esa ikS/kk tuu ds fl)karksa dk mi;ksx] Lo vkSj ij&ijkfxr Qlyksa dh tuu
fof/k;kA Hkwfedk] p;u] ladjhdj.k] gsV jksfll rFkk mldk nksgu] uj&uiaqldrk vkSj Lo vlafxrk] mRifjorZu
vkSj cgqxqf.kr dk tuu esa Hkwfedk] tSo rduhdh vkSj rd dYpj dk f"k esa mi;ksxA

6
 vkuqoaf'kdrk vkSj fofHkUurk] esaMsy dk vkuqoaf'kdrk fu;e] xq.klw=h vkuqoaf'kdrk ds fl)kar] dksf'kdk O;h
oa'kkxfr] fyax lgyxu] fyax Hkkfor rFkk fyax lhfer xq.kA Lok;k vkSj sfjr mRifjorZu] ek=kRed xq.kA
fcgkj dh eq[; Qlyksa dh eq[k vuq'kaflr fdLesaA Qlyksa dk mn~xe vkSj Hkaxhdj.k] [ksrksa esa yxus okys
eq[; Hksnksa rFkk muls lacaf/kr tkfr;ksa dh vkdkjxr fofHkrk ds Lo:i] lL; lq/kkj ds dkjd vkSj buesa
fofHkrk dk mi;ksxA
cht kS|ksfxdh rFkk bldk egRo] Qlyh chtksa dk mRiknu] lalk/ku vkSj ijh{k.k] mr chtksa ds mRiknu]
lalk/ku vkSj foi.ku esa jk"Vh; vkSj cht fuxeksa dh HkwfedkA ikni vkSj f"k foKku esa bldk egRo] tho o
dk xq.k] HkkSfrd vkSj jklk;fud laxBu var%'kks"k.k] i`"Bruko] folj.k vkSj ijklj.kA ty dk vo'kks"k.k vkSj
LFkkukUrj.k] ok"iksRltZu vkSj ty dh ferO;f;rkA
fDno vkSj ikni jatd] dk'k la'ys"k.k& vk/kqfud ladYiuk, vkSj bu f;kvkas dks Hkkfor djus okys
dkjd] vkDlh vkSj vukDlh 'oluA
o`f) vkSj fodkl nhIrdkfyrk vkSj olUrhdj.k] vkWfDlu gkjeksu vkSj vU; ikni fu;ked] budh dk;Z
fof/k vkSj f"k esa egRoA
fcgkj ds eq[k Qyksa] ikS/kksa vkSj lfCt;ksa dh Qlyksa ds fy, visf{kr tyok;q vkSj budh [ksrh laosf"Vrk
Fkk lewg vkSj bldk oSKkfud vk/kkj] Qyksa vkSj lfCt;ksa dks laHkkyus vkSj cspus dh leL;k,] ifjj{k.k dh
eq[; fof/k;k] Qyksa vkSj lfCt;ksa ds eq[; mRiknA dfed rduhd rFkk buds ;a=] ekuo iks"k.k esa Qyksa vkSj
lfCt;ksa dh Hkwfedk] O; vkSj iq"io)Zu vyar ikS/kksa ds o/kZu dks feykdjA ckx&cxhpksa dk vfHkdYiu vkSj
jpuk foU;klA
fcgkj ds Qlyksa] lCth] Qy dk fVdkoksa vkSj jksih ikS/kksa dh chekfj;ksa vkSj uk'kd dhV] muds dkjd vkSj
fu;a=.k dh fof/k;kA ikni jksxksa ds dkjd vkSj mudk oxhZdj.k] jksx fu;a=.k ds fl)kar( ftlesa ofg"dj.k]
fuewZyu] frj{khdj.k vkSj laj{k.k 'kkfey gSA dhV vkSj chekfj;ksa dk tSfod fu;a=.kA
dhV ,oa chekfj;ksa dk lefUor ca/k] dhVduk'kh vkSj muds lw=A ikni laj{k.k ;a=] mudh lko/kkuh vkSj
vuqj{k.kA
vukt vkSj nygu ds Hk.Mkj esa uk'kd dhV] Hk.Mkj xksnkeksa dh LoPNrk] ifjj{k.k vkSj lq/kkj mik;A
dhVuk'kh mi;ksx ds [krjs vkSj lqj{kk mik;A
fcgkj esa ykHknk;d dhV ds ikyu dh fLFkfr vkSj {ks=] e/kqeD[kh] js'ke dhV vkSj ykg dhVA fcgkj esa /kku
,oe~ eNyh dh [ksrhA
fcgkj esa yxkrkj ck<+ vkSj lw[ks dh vkink vkSj vkdfLed Qly ;kstuk] Hkkjr esa lkekU;r;k [kk|k
mRiknu vkSj miHkksx dh o`fk;k] fcgkj esa fo'ks"k :Ik ls jk"Vh; vkSj varjkZ"Vh; [kk|] Hk.Mkj.k] forj.k
uhfr;k] lalk/ku vkSj mRiknu esa vojks/k] jk"Vh; vkgkj i)fr ls dSyksjh [kk| mRiknu dk laca/k] dSyksjh vkSj
ksVhu dh dehA
05- Ik'kqikyu rFkk Ik'kq fpfdRlk foKku
[k.M& I (Section- I)
1- i'kq iks"kkgkj& tkZ Jksr] tkZ mikip;u rFkk nqX/k ekal] v.Ms vkSj muds vuqj{k.k vkSj mRiknu dh
vko';drk,A [kk|ksa dk tkZ Jksrksa ds :Ik esa ewY;kaduA
1-1- iks"k.k& ksVhu esa vxzxr v/;;u vko';drkvksa ds lanHkZ esa ksVhu] mikip;u rFkk la'ys"k.k] ksVhu ek=k
dk xq.krk ds JksrA jk'ku esa tkZ ksVhu vuqikrA
1-2- vk/kkjHkwr [kfut iks"kd rRoksa( fojy rRoksa lfgr] L=h] dk;Z .kkyh vko';drkvksa rFkk buesa ikjLifjd
laca/kA
1-3- foVkfeu] gkjeksu rFkk o`f) mhid inkFkZ Jksr] dk;Z .kkyh vko';drkvksa rFkk [kfutksa ds lkFk ikjLifjd
laca/kA
1-4- vxzxr jkseU;ksa iks"k.k Ms;jh Ik'kq nqX/k mRiknu rFkk blds laxBu ds lanHkZ esa iks"kd inkFkZ rFkk muds
mikip;u cNM+sA cfN;ksa] 'kq"d rFkk nq/kk: xk;ksa rFkk HkSalksa ds fy;s iks"kd inkFkksZa dh vko';drk, ,oe~
fofHk vkgkj .kkfy;ksa dh lhek;saA

7
1-5- vxzxr xSj&jkseU;ksa iks"k.k& dqDdqV] dqDdqV ekal rFkk v.Mkas ds mRiknu ds lanHkZ esa iks"kd inkFkZ rFkk
muds mikip;uA iks"kd inkFkks dh vko';drkvksa rFkk vkgkj lw=.k] fofHk vk;q ij ge pwYgk
BroilersA
1-6- vxzxr xSj jkseU;ksa iks"k.k& 'kwdj o`f) rFkk xq.kkRed ekal mRiknu ds fo'ks"k lanHkZ esa iks"kd inkFkZ rFkk
mudk mikip;uA f'k'kq c<+rs gq, rFkk vfUre pj.kksa ds lqvjksa ds iks"kd inkFkksZa dh vko';drk, vkSj [kk|
lw=juA
1-7- vxzxr vuq;qDr Ik'kq iks"kkgkj& vkgkj Ikz;ksxksa] ikP;rk rFkk lUrqyu v/;;u dk leh{kkRed iqujh{k.kA
vkgkj ekud rFkk vkgkj tkZ ds ekudA o`f) vuqj{k.k rFkk mRiknu dh vko';drk, ,oe~ larqfyr
jk'kuA
2- Ik'kq 'kjhj f;k&foKku%&
2-1- o`f) rFkk Ik'kq mRiknu& lo iwoZ rFkk lokskj o`f) ifjiDo o`f) o o`f) ds ekiuA o`f) la:i.k] 'kjhj
lajpuk vkSj ekal xq.kokk dks Hkkfor djus okys dkjdA
2-2 nqX/k mRiknu vkSj iqu:Riknu vkSj ikpu& LrU; fodkl] nqX/k lzo.k rFkk nqX/k fu"dklu] xk; o HkSalksa ds
nqX/k laxBu vkSj gkjeksuy fu;a=.k ds ckjs esa orZeku fLFkfrA uj vkSj eknk tuusf;k] muds vo;o ,oe~
dk;ZA ikpu vax vkSj muds dk;ZA
2-3 okrkoj.kh; 'kjhj f;k foKku& 'kjhj f;kRed laca/k rFkk muds fofu;eA vuqdwyu dh f;k fof/k;k] Ik'kq
O;ogkj esa Ik;kZoj.kh; dkjd rFkk fuc) fu;ed fof/k;kA tyok;oh frcy dks fu;af=r djus dh
tkfr;kA
2-4 'kq xq.krk] ifjj{k.k rFkk f=e oh;Z lsou& 'kq ds mika'k] 'kqk.kqvksa dh cukoV] fu"dkflr 'kq dk
jklk;fud rFkk HkkSfrd xq.k] fcEcksa vkSj foVksa esa 'kq Hkkoh dkjd gS] 'kq ifjj{k.k] ruqdkfj;ksa dh cukoV]
'kq lkUrk] vur 'kq dk ifjogu ds Hkkoh dkjd( xk;] HksaM+ vkSj cdfj;ksa] lwvjksa rFkk dqDdqVksa esa
vfr fgehdj.k rduhdA
3- Ik'kq/ku mRiknu rFkk cU/k
3-1 okf.kT; Ms;jh Qkfex& Hkkjr ds Ms;jh Qkfex dh vxzxr ns'kksa ds lkFk rqyuk] fefJr f"k ds v/khu rFkk
,d fof'k"V f"k ds :Ik esa Ms;jh m|ksx] vkfFkZd Ms;jh Qkfex] Ms;jh QkeZ dk vkjEHk djuk] iwath rFkk
Hkwfe lEcU/kh vko';drk] Ms;jh QkeZ dk cU/k] eky dh vokfIr] Ms;jh QkfeaZx esa volj] Ms;jh Ik'kq dh
dk;Z{kerk fuf'pr djus ds dkjd] {kq.; vf/kys[ku] ctV cukuk] nqX/k mRiknu dh ykxr( ewY; fu/kkZj.k
uhfr] dkfeZd ca/kuA
3-2 Ms;jh Ik'kqvksa dh vkgkj lEcU/kh i)fr;k& Ms;jh Ik'kq ds fy;s O;okgkfjd rFkk vkfFkZd jk'ku dk fodklA
iwjs o"kZ gjs pkjs dh iwfkZA Ms;jh QkeZ ds fy, vkgkj rFkk pkjs dh vko';drk,] fnu esa vkgkj o`fk;k vkSj
r:.k Ik'kq/ku rFkk lkaM+] cNfM+;k vkSj tuu] Ik'kq r:.k rFkk o;Ld Ik'kq/ku dh vkgkj lEcU/kh ubZ
o`fk;k] vkgkj fjdkMZA
3-3 HksaM+] cdjh] lwvj rFkk dqDdqV ikyu lEcU/kh lkekU; leL;k,A
3-4- lw[ks dh ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa Ik'kq dks vkgkj nsukA
4- nqX/k kS|ksfxdh&
4-1 xzkeh.k nqX/k vokfIr ds fy;s laxBuA dPPks nqX/k dk laxzg rFkk ifjoguA
4-2 dPps nqX/k dh xq.kokk] ijh{k.k rFkk Js.khdj.kA nqX/k dk xq.kkRed laxzg.k] lEiw.kZ nqX/k] he mrjk nqX/k
rFkk he dh Jsf.k;kA
4-3 fuEufyf[kr nqX/kksa dk lalk/ku] la?kVu] laxzg.k] forj.k] foi.ku] nks"k vkSj mudk fu;a=.k rFkk iks"kd xq.k&
ikjEifjr] ekufdr] VksUM] Mcy VksUM] foldefur] iqufuZfer] iqu%laf'y"V] Hkkfjr rFkk lqxaf/kr nqX/kA
4-4 fdf.or nqX/k dks cukuk] lao/kZu rFkk ca/k] foVkfeu ^^Mh** iryk ngh] veyhd`r rFkk vU; fof'k"V nqX/kA
4-5 fof/k ekud LoPN lqjf{kr nqX/k vkSj nqX/k la;a= ds midj.kksa ds fy;s LoPNrk lEcU/kh vko';drk,A

8
 [k.M& II (Section- II)
vkuqoaf'kdh rFkk i'kq tuu& esUMyh; vkuqoaf'kdrk esa lEHkkO;rk dk vuq;ksxA Mh oseoxZ dk fl)karA
vUr%tuu rFkk fo"k;etrk dh ladYiuk vkSj ekiA esydkV ds kpyh vkdyu rFkk eki dh rqyuk esa jkbV
dk iSB fQ'kj dk kfrd p;u dk es; cgq#irkA vusd thu .kkfy;ksa rFkk la=kRed fo'ks"krkvksa dh
oa'kkxfrA fofHkrk ds vkdfLed ?kVdA tho lkaf[;d fr:Ik rFkk lEcfU/k;ksa ds chp ikjLifjd fHkrk,A
ek=kRed vuqoaf'kdh fo'ys"k.k esa jksx ewyd {kerk es; dk vuq;ksxA oa'kkuqxfrRoA iqujko`fr rFkk p;u
fr&:iA
1-1 Ik'kq tuu esa la[;k vuqoaf'kdh dk vuq;ksx& la[;k cuke ,dy] la[;k lewg rFkk muesa ifjorZu
ykus okys dkjdA thu la[;k rFkk QkeZ Ik'kqvksa esa mudk vkdyu] thu ckjEokjrk vkSj ;qxrut ckjEokjrk rFkk
muesa ifjorZu ykus okyh 'kfDr;kA fofHk ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa larqyu ds fr ek/;e o fofHkrk dk mikxe
leky{k.kh fofHkrk dk mi&foHkktuA Ik'kq la[;k esa ;ksx'khy] v;ksx'khy vuqoaf'kdh rFkk okrkojf.kd
fofHkUurkvksa dk vkdyuA esUMybTe rFkk oa'kkfxr dk lfEeJ.kA tkfr] xtkfr;ksa] uLyksa rFkk vU; mi&tkfr
lewgkas ds chp vuqoaf'kdh :Ik dh fofHkrk, oxZ rFkk oxZ fofHkrk, vkfnA lEcfU/k;ksa ds chp fr:irkA
1-2 tuu .kkfy;k& oa'kkuqxfrRo okjokfjr vuqoaf'kdh rFkk okrkoj.kh; lg&laca/kA i'kq vkadM+ksa dh
vkdyu fof/k;k rFkk mudh ifj'kq)rk dk vkdyuA lEcfU/k;ksa ds chp tho lkaf[;dh; lEcU/kksa dh leh{kkA
laxzke .kkfy;k] vr%tuu ofgZtuu rFkk muds mi;ksxA ley{k.kh; dh.kZ laxeA p;uksa ds fy;s lgk;d
lwphA vfu;fer laxe .kkfy;ksa esa Ik'kq la[;k dh oa'k lajpukA nsgyh fo'ks"kd ds fy;s tuu] p;u lwpd]
bldh ifj'kq)rkA lkekU;r% rFkk fof'k"V la;ksx {kerkA Hkkodkjh tuu ;kstukvksa dk p;uA
oj.k ds fofHk dkj ,oa f;k,] mudh Hkko {kerk;sa rFkk ifjlhek;saA oju lwpdkadA Hkwry{kh n`f"V ls
oj.k dh jpukA oj.k }kjk gq, ykHkksa dk ewY;kaduA Ik'kq ;ksxhdj.k esa ijLij lEcU/kh f;k vkuqoaf'kdA
lkekU; rFkk fof'k"V la;kstu ds kyu gsrq mikxeA vkbZysV] vaf'kd MkbZysV] ladj vU;ksU; vkorhZ oj.k]
vUr%tuu rFkk ladj.kA
2- LokLF; vkSj LoPNrk& cy rFkk eqxsZ dk 'kjhj foKku] rd rduhd] fMyhdj.k] isjkfQu vUr%LFkkiuk
vkfn jDr fQYeksa dh rS;kjh ,oa vfrjatuA
2-1 lkekU; kd vfHkjatd xk; lEcU/kh Hkzw.k foKkuA
2-2 jDr 'kjhj f;k foKku rFkk bldk ifjlapj.k] 'olu] ey foltZu] LokLF; vkSj jksfx;ksa esa vUr%lzkoh
xzafFk;kA
2-3 vkS"k/k foKku rFkk vkS"kf/k;ksa ls lEc) fpfdRlk 'kkL= dk lkekU; KkuA
2-4 tyok;q rFkk vkokl lEcU/kh Ik'kq LoPNrkA
2-5 i'kq rFkk dqqV esa lcls vf/kd ik;h tkus okyh chekfj;k] mudh lae.k fof/k] jksdFkke rFkk mipkj vkfnA
vlakE;rkA Ik'kq fpfdRlk ds fof/k 'kkL= esa ekal fujh{k.k ds lkekU; fl)kar rFkk leL;k,A
2-6 nqX/k LoPNrkA
3- nqX/k mRikn kS|ksfxdhA dPps eky dk p;u] ,d= djuk] mRiknu lalk/ku] laxzg.k] nqX/k mRikn dk
forj.k rFkk foi.ku( tSls& eD[ku] ?kh] [kksvk] Nsuk ,oe~ iuhj ls lacaf/kr okf"ir 'kq"d nqX/k rFkk f'k'kq
HkksT;] vkbZlhe o dqYQh] miksRikn iuhj ty] mRikn] oVjfeYd] ysDVkst rFkk dslhu] nqX/k mRiknksa dk
ijh{k.k] {ks=hdj.k rFkk fu.kZ;] vkbZ,lvkbZ rFkk ,xekdZ fofunsZ'k oS/k ekud] xq.kokk fu;a=.k iks"kkgkjh
fo'ks"krk,A laos"Vu] lalk/ku rFkk laf;kRed fu;a=.k ykxrA
4- ekal LoPNrkA
4-1 Ik'kqvksa ls euq"; esa lapj.k gksus okys k.kh:tk jksxA
4-2 cwpM+[kkus esa vkn'kZ LOkkLF;dj fLFkfr;ksa esa mRikfnr ekal ds fy;s fpfdRldksa dk drZO; o HkwfedkA
4-3 cwpM+[kkus ds miksRikn rFkk mudk vkfFkZd mi;ksxA
4-4 vkS"k?k gkeksZu xzafFk;ksa ds laxzg.k] ifj{k; vkSj lalk/ku dh fof/k;kA
5- foLrkj
5-1 foLrkj xzkeh.k fLFkfr;ksa esa "kdksa dks f'kf{kr djus ds fy, fofHk f'k{kk fof/k;kA
5-2 e`r Ik'kqvksa dk ykHknk;d mi;ksx] foLrkj] f'k{kk vkfnA
5-3 VkbZlse dh ifjHkk"kk& xzkeh.k ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa f'kf{kr ;qodksa ds fy, Lor% jkstxkj dh lEHkkouk, rFkk
i)fr;kA
5-4 LFkkuh; Ik'kqvksa dks mr Lrj dk cukus ds fy, ladj tuu] ,d f;kA

9
 06- ekuo foKku
[k.M& 1] [k.M& 2 ,oe~ [k.M& 3 ds fy, R;sd ds fy, 100&100 vad fu/kkZfjr gSA
[k.M 1 rFkk 3 vfuok;Z gS] mEehnokj [k.M& 2 d vkSj [k.M& 2 [k esa ls fdlh ,d dks pqu ldrs gSaA
[k.M& I (Section- I)
ekuo foKku dk vk/kkj
(i) ekuo foKku dk vFkZ rFkk {ks= vkSj mldh eq[; 'kk[kk,%& 1 lkekftd& lkaLfrd ekuo foKku 2
HkkSfrd ekuo foKku 3 iqjkrRo ekuo foKku 4 Hkkf"kd ekuo foKku 5 O;kogkfjd ekuo foKkuA
(ii) leqnk; ,oa lkekftd laLFkk,] lewg vkSj la?k lkaLfrd vkSj lH;rk Vksyh vkSj tutkfr;kA
(iii) fookg& lkekU; ifjHkk"kk dh leL;k,( ^^dkSVqfa cd O;fHkpkj rFkk fuf"k) oxZ** fookg ds vf/kekU; Lo:i]
o/kq ewY; ifjokj] ekuo lekt dh vk/kkjf'kyk ds :Ik esa lkoZHkkSfedrk vkSj ifjokj] ifjokj ds dk;Z]
ifjokj ds fofo/k Lo:i] ewy ifjokj] foLr`r ifjokj] la;qDr ifjokj vkfn ifjokj esa LFkkf;Ro vkSj
ifjorZuA
(iv) ukrsnkjh& vuqoa'ke] vkokl] oSokfgd ukrsnkjh lEcU/k vkSj ukrsnkjh O;ogkj vkSj xks=A
(v) vkfFkZd ekuo foKku& vFkZ vkSj mldk {ks=] fofue; ds lk/ku] oLrq fofue; vkSj mRloh fofue;]
ijLijrk vkSj iqu% forj.k cktkj vkSj O;kikjA
(vi) jktuhfrd ekuo foKku vFkZ vkSj {ks=( fofHk lektksa esa oS/k kf/kdkjh dh fLFkfr rFkk 'kfDr ,oa mlds
dk;ZA jkT; ,oa jkT; foghu jktuhfrd .kkfy;ksa esa vUrjA u;s jkT;ksa esa jk"V fuekZ.k f;k esa ljy
lekt esa dkuwu ,oa U;k;A
(vii) /keZ dh mRifk& thookn] k.kokn] /keZ ,oa tknw esa vUrj] VksVeokn vkSj VscwA
(viii) ekuo foKku esa {ks=xr dk;Z rFkk {ks=xr dk;Z dh ijEijk,A
(ix) tutkrh; lkekftd laxBuksa ds v/;;u& Hkkjrh; tutkfr;ksa ds ;qokx`g laxBu rFkk muds lkekftd]
vkfFkZd] jktuhfrd ,oa /kkfeZd laxBuksa dk v/;;uA Hkkjr dh tutkfr;ksa dk v/;;u( tSls& mjkao]
ewaMk] gks] laFkky rFkk fcjgksj ,oa fcgkj ds vU; tkfr;ksa ds fofHk laxBuksa dk v/;;uA

[kaM& 2 d [Section- 2 (Ka) ]

1 tSo fodkl ds fl}kar ds vk/kkj& ySekdZokn] MkfoZuokn vkSj la'ys"k.kkRed fl)kar% ekuo fodkl tSfod
vkSj lkaLfrd vk;ke O;f"V fodklA
2 d ekuo dh mRifk ,oa mn~fodkl] Ik'kq txr esa euq"; dk LFkkuA Lihlht tkfr fo'ks"k rFkk tyh;
k.kh( tSls& eaMwd ds tUrq] jsaxus okys tUrq] Lruik;h tUrq ,oa euq"; vkdkj ds fo'kkydk; tUrq ,IlA
[k ,i ,oa euq"; ds 'kkjhfjd lekurk rFkk vlekurkvksa dk rqyukRed v/;;uA okuj ,oa ekuo ms';]
okujksa ,Il dh cqf) ,oa lkekftd thou dk v/;;uA
3 kphu ekuo ds Lrfjr vfLFk&vo'ks"kksa ds vk/kkj ij ekuo ds 'kkjhfjd fodkl dk v/;;uA Lrfjr
okuj ysE;qjkbM~l] VkefjvksM~l] iksjkxfifFkDl] ksfQyksfifFkDl] Iyk;ksfifFkDl] yseuksfifFkDl] ksdkalqy]
Mk;ksfifFkDl] jkekfiFksDl] vkWLVkyksfifFkflfut] vkWLVkyksfifFkDl vfdUl] Iysfl;uFkzksil] Vkafl;ysafll]
vkWLVkyksfifFkDl] ksesfFk;l] iSjkUFkzksil] jksolV~l] gksfeVZ~l ,oa gksekslsfi;Ul dk v/;;u ds vk/kkj ij
euq"; ds fodkl dk fo'ys"k.kA
4 vkuqoaf'kdh& ifjHkk"kk] esUMsfy;u fl)kar rFkk mlds tula[;k ls lacaf/kr ;ksxA
5 d ekuo dk tkfrxr Hksn rFkk tkfrxr oxhZdj.k ds vk/kkj :Ik f;k lEcU/kh ,oe~ lhje lEcU/kh
rFkk vkuqoaf'kdhA tkfr;ksa dh jpuk esa vuqoaf'kdrk rFkk okrkoj.k dh HkwfedkA
[k tkfr dh ifjHkk"kk] fo'kq) tkfr dh vo/kkj.kkA tkfr jk"V rFkk cgqHkk"kh tkfrd lewg] tkfr ,oa
lkaLfrd fo'ks"krk, rFkk tkfrokn dk v/;;uA
x tkfrd oxhZdj.k ds vk/kkj ,oa fo'ks"krk,& peZ ds jax] ds'k] <kapk] [kksiM+h dh cukoV] psgjs dh cukoV]
ukd] vk[k ,oe~ jDr lewg ds dkj dk v/;;uA

10
6 ekuo ds vk/kqfud tkfr;ksa ds fofHk dkj] fo'o ds rhu eq[k tkfr ,oa muds vU; mi tkfr;ksa(
tSls& dkadksLok;M~l ,oe~ bldh mi tkfr;k] vkdsZbd dkadksLok;M] eaxksYok;M~l rFkk buds mi
tkfr;k] fuxzks tkfr ,oa muds mi&tkfr] vesfjdk ds fuxzks tkfr bR;kfn dk muds 'kkjhfjd]
oa'k&ijEijkxr xq.kksa ,oa cqf) lekurk rFkk fo"kerkvksa dk v/;;uA
7 Hkkjr dh tkfr;ksa ds laca/k esa fjtys] gsYMu] bdVkSM] xqgk rFkk ljdkj }kjk frikfnr oxhZdj.k ,oa
mudh vkykspukA Hkkjr esa fufxzVks tkfr ds tkfrd xq.kksa dh mifLFkfrA
[k.M& 2 [k [Section- 2 (Kha) ]
1 rduhd] i)fr rFkk .kkyh foKku esa vUrjA
2 fodkl dk vFkZ tSfod rFkk lkekftd lkaLfrd& 19oha 'krkCnh ds fodklokn dh vk/kkjHkwr ekU;rk,A
rqyukRed i)fr fodkloknh v/;;u dh ledkyhu o`fkA
3 folj.k vkSj folj.kokn& vejhdh forj.k rFkk teZu Hkk"kh u`tkfr oSKkfudksa dh ,sfrgkfld uj&tkfr
ehekalk folj.koknh rFkk sap cksl }kjk rqyukRed i)fr ij vk{ksiA lkekftd laLfr ekuo foKku dh
rqyuk dh fr ms'; rFkk i)fr;k jsMfDyi&czkmu] bxu&vksLdj ysfcl rFkk ljukA
4 freku vk/kkjHkwr O;fDrRo jpuk rFkk vkn'kZ O;fDrRoA jk"Vh; pfj= v/;;u ds ekuo foKku n`f"Vdks.k
dh klafxdrkA euksoSKkfud ekuo foKku dh uwru o`fk;kA
5 dk;Z rFkk dkj.k& lkekftd ekuo foKku esa dh.kZokn esa ekSfyuksLdh dk ;ksxnku] dk;Z vkSj lajpuk]
jsMfDyi czkmu] QFkZ QksVZsl rFkk usMyA
6 Hkkf"kd rFkk lkekftd ekuo foKku esa lajpukokn ysoLVsl rFkk yhp ds fopkj ls vkn'kZ ds :Ik esa
lkekftd lajpuk fefFkd ds v/;;u esa lajpukoknh i)frA uohu u`tkfr foKku rFkk rkfRod vFkZijd
fo'ys"k.kA
7 ekun.M rFkk ewY;A ewY;ksa ds :Ik esa ekuo oSKkfud o.kZu dk dksfV ds :Ik esa ewY;A ewY;ksa ds lzksr ds :Ik
esa ekuo foKkuh rFkk ekuo foKku ds ewY;A lkaLfrd lkis{kokn rFkk lkoZHkkSfed ewY;ksa ds fo"k;A
8 lkekftd ekuo foKku rFkk bfrgklA oSKkfud rFkk ekuorkoknh v/;;u esa vUrj kfrd rFkk
lkekftd foKku dh i}fr;ksa esa ,drk ykus ds rdZ dk vkykspukRed ijh{k.kA ekuo foKkuh dh {ks=xr
dk;Z i)fr dh ;qfDr;qDr rFkk bldh Lok;rrkA
9 d ekuo'kkL= ds fl)kar ,oa fof/k;k& fodklokn rFkk rqyukRed fof/k;k] goZVZ lisUlj] ,y,p ekxZu]
,MoMZ cusZV Vk;yj }kjk frikfnr fl}kar ,oa mudh lhek;saA
[k fof'k"Vrkokn& sUt oks;l] ,,y ksoj] :Fk csusfMDV] jkYQ fyUVu ,oa ,sozke dkfMZuj] fof'k"Vrkokn
fl)kar dh lhek,A
x lajpukokn& dk;Zokn fl)kar] bek;y nq[ksZe] czkmfuLyksa eSfyuksvLdh] ,vkj jsMfDyQ czkmu] yslyh ,
okbV] bHkkUl hpMZ ,oa ysHkh LVkslA
10 ;kstuk rFkk fodkl ds {ks= esa ekuo'kkL= rFkk fodkl ls lacaf/kr v/;;uksa dk ;ksxnkuA fu;ksftr mfr
ds lkekftd lkaLfrd igyw] fu/kkZfjr ifjorZu ds lkekftd] lkaLfrd ekid jkf'k] Hkkjrh;
tu&tkfr;ksa ds vkS|ksfxd fodkl dh lkaLfrd ck/kk,A
tu&tkrh; leL;k,& dkj.k] ifj.kke ,oa lek/kkuA
11 tu&tkrh; vkUnksyu rFkk lkekftd vkUnksyu ifjHkk"kk ,oa fo'ks"krk,A fcgkj esa tu&tkrh; vkanksyu&
rkuk Hkxr vkUnksyu ,oa fojlk vkanksyu] fcgkj esa tu&tkrh; vkUnksyu ds cnyrs Lo:iA fcgkj esa
tu&tkrh; uk;dRoA
[k.M& 3 [(Section- (3)]
Hkkjrh; ekuo foKku
iqjkik"kk.k] e/; ik"kk.k] uoik"kk.k vk| ,sfrgkfld fla/kq ?kkVh lH;rk Hkkjrh; lkaLfrd vk;keA
Hkkjr dh tula[;k esa tkrh; rFkk Hkk"kk;h rRoksa dk forj.kA
Hkkjrh; lkekftd O;oLFkk ds vk/kkj] o.kZ] vkJe] iq:"kkFkZ] tkfr] la;qDr ifjokjA

11
Hkkjrh; ekuo foKku dk fodklA Hkkjrh; tutkfr rFkk "kd leqnk; ds v/;;u esa ekuo oSKkfud ;ksxnku
dh fof'k"Vrk vk/kkjHkwr vo/kkj.kk,] egku ijEijk, rFkk y?kq ijEijk,] ifo= ladqy] lkoZHkkSfedj.k rFkk
vuqnkjokn laLfrdj.k rFkk if'pehdj.k] Hkkoh tkfr] tu&tkfr&tkfr lkrR;d] fr iq:"k vkRelfEeJA
Hkkjrh; tu&tkfr;ksa ds u`tkfr dk o.kZu :i js[kk tkrh;] Hkk"kk;h rFkk lkekftd] vkfFkZd fof'k"Vrk,A
tu&tkrh; yksxksa dh leL;k,& Hkwfe Lor% varj.k _.kxzLrrk] 'kSf{kd lqfo/kkvksa dk vHkko] vfLFkj f"k
olu] /ku rFkk tu&tkfr;ksa dh csjkstxkjh] [ksfrgj etnwj f'kdkj rFkk vk/kkj laxzg dh fo'ks"k leL;k, ,oa
vU; xkS.k tu&tkfr;kA
laLfr&lEidZ dh leL;k,%& 'kgjhdj.k rFkk vkS|ksfxdhdj.k dk Hkko] tula[;k g~jkl] {ks=h;rk]
vkfFkZd rFkk euksoSKkfud daqBkA
tu&tkrh; 'kklu dk bfrgkl% vuqlwfpr tu&tkfr;ksa ds fy, laoS/kkfud lqj{kk uhfr;ksa] ;kstuk,
tu&tkrh; fodkl ds fy, uhfr;k] ;kstuk, vkSj dk;Ze rFkk mudk dk;kZUo;uA tu&tkrh; yksxksa ds fy,
fd;s tk jgs ljdkjh dk;Z dh mu ij frf;kA tu&tkrh; leL;kvksa ds fr fofHk n`f"Vdks.k] tu&tkrh;
fodkl esa ekuo foKku dh HkwfedkA
vuqlwfpr tkfr;ksa ls lacaf/kr laoS/kkfud O;oLFkk,A vuqlwfpr tkfr;ksa }kjk Hkksxh xbZ lkekftd v'kDrrk
rFkk mudh lkekftd vkfFkZd leL;k,A
jk"Vh; v[kaMrk ls lEc) fo"k;A

07- ouLifr foKku

[k.M& I (Section- I)
1- lw{e tho foKku%& fo"kk.kq] thok.kq IystfeM & lajpuk vkSj tuuA lae.k rFkk jks/k{kerk foKku dh
lk/kkj.k O;k[;kA f"k m|ksx ,oa vkS"kf/k rFkk ok;q] feV~Vh ,oa ikuh esa lw{e thok.kq] lw{e thoksa ds ;ksx
ls nw"k.k ij fu;a=.kA
2- jksx foKku& Hkkjr esa fo"kk.kq] thok.kq] dod] O;] QatkbZ vkSj dqyfr }kjk mRi eq[;&eq[; ikni
chekfj;kA lae.k ds rjhds] dh.kZu] ijthfork dk 'kjhj f;k foKku vkSj fu;a=.k ds rjhds] thouk'kh
dh f;k fof/k okudh VkfDluA
3- fIVksxse& lajpuk vkSj tuu ds tSo fodklh; iFk rFkk dkbZ] QatkbZ xzk;ksQkbM ,oa gSfjMksQkbM dh
ifjfLFkfrdh ,oa vkfFkZd egkkA Hkkjr esa eq[; forj.kA
4- QSuksjksxse& dk"B dk 'kkjhfjd foKku f}rhi= o`f) lh 55 lh lh 04 ikniksa dk 'kkjhfjd foKku] jaHkzh ds
dkjA Hkwz.k foKku] ySafxd vfuosH;rk ds jks/kdA cht dh lajpuk vrax.kuu rFkk cgq?kz.khurkA ijkx.k
foKku rFkk blds vuq;ksx] vko`rthoh ds oxhZdj.k] i)fr;ksa dh rqyukA tSo dfeZdh dh ubZ fn'kk,]
lkbZdsMslk ikbZuslk] ukVsyho] eSXuksfy,'kh] jSudqyslh flQsjh] jkstslh] lSE;qfuukslh ;wQkfoislh efycslh]
fMVsjkDrsalh] vEcsykQsjh] ,lDlhfi,Mslh] olkZfolh] lksyuslh] :f/k,lh dqdqjfcVslh] dEiksf.kVh] czfeuh]
ikuh] fyfy,lh] E;wtslh vkSj vkafdZMslh ds vkfFkZd vkSj oxhZdj.k lEcU/kh egRoA
5- lajpuk fodkl& /kzqo.k] lfefr vkSj iw.kZ'kfDrA dksf'kdkvkas ,oa vaxksa dk foHksnu rFkk fufoZHksnu lajpuk
fodkl ds dkj.k dkf;d rFkk tuu Hkkxksa dh dksf'kdkvksa] mkdksa] vaxksa rFkk ksVksCykLV ds lao/kZu dh fof/k
rFkk vuq;ksx dkf;d ladVA
[k.M& II (Section- II)
1- dksf'kdk tho foKku%& {ks= vkSj ifjs{; dksf'kdk foKku ds v/;;u esa vk/kqfud vkStkjksa rFkk fof/k;ksa
dk lk/kkj.k KkuA ksdsdfj;kseksfVd vkSj ;wdsfj;ksfVd dksf'kdk,] lajpuk vkSj ijk lajpuk ds fooj.k
lfgrA dksf'kdkvksa ds dk;Z f>Yyh lfgr lw=h foHkktu vkSj v/kZ lw=h foHkktu dk foLr`r v/;;uA
2- vkuqoaf'kdh vkSj fodkl& vkuqoaf'kdh dk fodkl vkSj thu dh /kkj.kkA U;qDyh;d vEy dh lajpuk vkSj
ksVhu la'ys"k.k esa mldk dk;ZHkkx rFkk tuuA vkuqoaf'kdh dksM rFkk thu vfHkO;fDr dk fofu;euA thu
o/kZuA mRifjorZu rFkk fodkl] cgqinh; dkjd] lgyXurk] fofu;e thu frfp=.k ds rjhds] fyax xq.k
lw= vkSj fyax lgyXu oa'kkxfrA uj ca/;rk] ikni vfHktuu esa bldk egRoA dksf'kdk O;ksa oa'kkxfrA
ekuo vkuqokaf'kdh ds rRoA ekuo fopy rFkk dkbZ oxZ fo'ys"k.k lw{e thoksa esa thu LFkkukUrj.kA
vkuqokaf'kd bathfu;jh tSo fodkleku f;k fof/k vkSj fl}karA
3- 'kjhj f;k foKku rFkk tSo jlk;u& ty lEcU/kksa dk foLr`r v/;;u] [kfut iks"k.k vSj vk;u
vfHkxeu] [kfut U;wurkA dk'k la'ys"k.k f;k fof/k vkSj egRo] dk'k ua& 1 ,oa 2 dk'k 'olu]
12
 ,Dlu rFkk foiouA ukbVkstu ;kSxhdhdj.k vkSj ukbVkstu mikikP;A ksVhu la'ys"k.kA fd.koA xks.k
mikikP; dk egRoA dk'k xzkgh ds :Ik esa o.kZd] nhfIrdkfyrk iq"iu o`f} lwpd] o`f) xfr] th.kZr]
o`f)dj inkFkZ] mudh jklk;fud fr] f"k m|ku esa mudk vuq;ksx] f"k jlk;uA frcy 'kjhj f;k
foKku olarhdj.k Qy vkSj chp tSfodh lqfIr HkaMkj.k vkSj chtksa dk vadqj.k vfu"kdyu Qy iDouA
4- ifjfLFkfr foKku& ikfjfLFkfr dkjd& fopkj/kkjk vkSj leqnk;] vuqe ls dh xfrdh tho eaMy dh
/kkj.kkA ikfjfLFkfrdh ra=ksa dh lajpuk] nw"k.k vkSj bldk fu;a=.k] Hkkjr ds ou dkj] ou jksi.k]
ouksUewyu rFkk lkekftd okfudhA ladVxzLr ikniA
5- vkfFkZd ouLifr foKku& "; ikniksa dk mn~xe] lkFk gh pkjk ,oa ?kkl] pchZ okys rsy] ydM+h rFkk
fVEcj rarq js'kk] dkxt jcM+] is;] e| 'kjkc nokb;k] LFkkid] jsftu vkSj xksan] vko';d rsy] jax]
E;wflyst] dhVuk'kh nokb;ksa vkSj dhVuk'kh nokb;ksa ds lzksrksa ds :Ik esa ikniksa dk v/;;u] ikni lwpd
vyadj.k] ikni tkZ jksi.kA

08- jlk;u foKku

[k.M& I (Section- I)
1- ijek.kq lajpuk rFkk jklk;fud vkca/ku& DokaVe fl}kar] gkbZtsucxZ vfuf'prrk fl)kar] vksfMaxj rjax
lehdj.k dky vukaf=r] rjax Qyu dk fuoZpu ,Q foeks; ckDl esa] d.k] DokaVe la[;k,] gkbZMkstu
ijek.kq rjax Qyu] 1 'Spd' rFkk Vr] d{kdksa dh vkfr] tkeuh] vkfo/k] tkud tkZ] oku gkoj p]
kfo;Ul fu;e] f}xqo vk?kq.kZ] vk;uh ;kSfxdksa ds y{k.k] fo|qr~ xq.kkRedrk] vUrj lgla;kstd vko`fk rFkk
blds lkekU; y{k.k] la;kstdrk vkca/k] mikxe] vuqukn rFkk vuqukn tkZ Resonance & Resonance
Energy dh ladYiuk] v.kqd{kd mikxe ds vuqlkj( H2+, H2, N2, O2 F2, NO, CO rFkk HF v.kqvksa dk
bysDxzkfed la:i.k] flXek vkSj ikbZ vkca/k] vkca/k e] vkca/k cyrk vkSj vkca/k nS;ZA
2- m"ekxfrdh& dk;Z rki rFkk tkZ m"ekxfrdh dk Fke fu;e] iw.kZ m"ek] m"ek/kkfjrk] Cp rFkk Cv ds
e/; laca/k] m"ek jlk;u ds fu;e] fdjpksQ lehdj.k] Lor% rFkk vLor% ifjorZu] m"ekxfrdh dk f}rh;
fu;eA mRe.kh; rFkk vuqRe.kh; f;kvksa ds fy;s xSlksa esa ,LVkeh ifjorZu] m"ekxfrdh dk r`rh;
fu;e] eqDr tkZ] nkc rFkk cyrk ds lkFk fdlh xSl dh eqDr tkZ dh fofHkrk] fxCl&gsYegksYV~t
lehdj.k] jklk;fud foHko lkE; gsrq m"ekxfrd dlkSVh] jklk;fud vfHkf;k rFkk lkE; fLFkjrk esa eqDr
tkZ ifjorZu] jklk;fud lkE; ij rki rFkk nkc dk Hkko] m"ekxfrd ekiksa ds lkE; fLFkjkadksa dk
ifjdyuA
3- /ku voLFkk] /kukfr;ksa ds dkj] vUrjkQyd] dks.kksa ds fLFkjkad dk fu;e] fLVy leqnk;ksa rFkk fLVy
oxZ fLVyksxzkfQd xqzi] fLVy Qydksa] tkyd lajpuk rFkk ,dd dks"B dk mYys[k] ifjes; lwpdksa ds
fu;e] czsx fu;e] fLVyksa }kjk ,Dl&fdj.k foorZu] fLVyksa esa =qfV;k] rjy fLVyksa dk kjfEHkd
v/;;uA
4- jklk;fud cy xfrdh] fdlh vfHkf;k dk e rFkk vkfDodrk 'kwU;] Fke f}rh; rFkk vfHkf;k;sa dk nj
lehdj.k v/kdy rFkk lekdfyr le?kkr] fdlh f;k dh v)Z vk;q] vfHkf;k njksa ij rki] nko rFkk
mRsj.k dk Hkko] f}v.kqd vfHkf;kvksa dh vfHkf;k njksa dk la?kV fl)kar] fujis{k vfHkf;k nj fl)kUr]
c:dyu rFkk dk'k jklk;fud vfHkf;kvksa dh cyxfrdhA
5- fo|qr~ jlk;u& vkjjsfu;l ds fo;kstu fl)kar dh lhek] cy fo|qr~ vi?kV~; dk MsokbZ&gqdsy fl)kar
rFkk bldk ek=kRed mipkj] fo|qr~ vi?kVuh pkydRo fl)kar rFkk laf;rk xq.kkad dk fl}kar] fofHk
larqyuksa ds fy;s lhekadu O;qRirk rFkk fo|qr~ vi?kV~; foykseksa ds ifjogu xq.k/keZA
6- lkUrk& lsy o laf/k foHko] b/ku rsy ds bZ,e,Q ekiu dk vuq;ksxA
7- dk'k jlk;u& dk'k dk vo'kks"k.k] fyEcVZ ch;j fu;e] dk'k jlk;u ds fu;e] DokaVe n{krk] mPp
rFkk fuEu DokaVe yc/k;ksa Yields ds dkj.k dk'k] oS|qr~ lsyA
8- "d" CykWd rRoksa dk lkekU; jlk;u] d bysDVksfud foU;kl lae.k] /kkrq lady esa vkca/ku ds fl}kar ds
ifjp;] fdLVy {ks= fl}kar rFkk blds la'kks/ku] /kkrq ladqyksa ds pqEcdRo rFkk bysDVksfud LisDVeksa ds
Li"Vhdj.k esa bu fl)karksa dk vuq;ksxA
[k /kkrq dkcksZfuy lkbDyks is.VkMkbfey] vksfyfQu rFkk ,lhfVyhu ladqyA
x /kkrq lfgr ;kSfxd /kkrq vkca/k rFkk /kkrq ijek.kq xqPNA

13
9- ^^f**& CykWd rRoksa dk lkekU; jlk;u] ysUFksukbM rFkk ,sfDVukbZM] i`Fkj.k] vkWDlhdj.k voLFkk] pqEcdh;
rFkk LisDVeh xq.k/keZA
10- futZy foyk;dkas rjy veksfu;k rFkk lYQj&Mk;vkDlkbM esa vfHkf;k,A
[k.M& II (Section- II)
1- vfHkf;k dh f;kfof/k;k] mnkgj.k }kjk funsZf'kr dkcZfud vfHkf;kvksa dh f;kof/k] lkekU; v/;;u
xfrd rFkk vxfrd nksuksa] vfHkf;k'khy e/;dksa dkcksZdsjku] ,dkcZ,fu;u] eqDr ewyd] dkcksZu MkbVhu
rFkk csUtkbu dk fojpu rFkk LFkkf;Ro] SN1 rFkk SN2 f;kfof/k;k] E1, E2 rFkk E, CB fujkdj.k
dkcZu&dkcZu f}&vkca/kksa esa fll rFkk VkUl ;ksx] dkcZu&vkWDlhtu f}&vkca/kksa esa ;ksx dh f;kfof/k]
ekbdsy ;ksx la;qfXer] dkcZu&dkcZu f}&vkca/kksa esa ;ksx ,jksesfVd bysDVkfQfyd rFkk U;qfDy;ksfQfyd
frLFkkiu] ,fyfyd rFkk cSUtkbfyd frLFkkiukA
2- ifjjaHkh Periyclic vfHkf;k,& oxhZdj.k rFkk mnkgj.k] ifjjaHkh vfHkf;kvksa ds cqMoMZ gkQeku fu;e
dk kjfEHkd v/;;uA
3- fuEufyf[kr uke vfHkf;kvksa dk jlk;u& vkYMsu la?kuu] Dystu la?kuu] fMdeku vfHkf;k] ifdZu
vfHkf;k] jkbekjVheku vfHkf;k] dsfutkjksa vfHkf;kA
4- cgqyd .kkyh d cgqydksa dk HkkSfrd] jlk;u] vaR; lewg fo'ys"k.k] vDlknu] cgqydksa dk'k dh.kZu
rFkk ';kurkA
[k ikWfyfFkfyu] ikWfyLVjhu] ikWfyfoukby DyksjkbM] YlhXy uV~Vk mRsj.k] ukbyksu] Vsfjyhu(
x vdkcZfud cgqyd .kkfy;k] QkLQksukbfVd gSykbM ;kSfxd] flfydksu] cksjktkbuA
hMsy kV vfHkf;k] lq/kkjd vfHkf;k] fiusdky&fiusdksyksu ckXuj&esjokbu rFkk csdeku iqufoZZU;kl
rFkk mudh f;kfof/k;k] dkcZfud la'ys"k.kksa esa fuEufyf[kr vfHkdeZdksa ds mi;ksx( O5, O4, HIO4, NBS]
Mkbcksjsu] Na&rjy veksfu;k NaBH4, LiAlH4.
5- dkcZfud rFkk vdkcZfud ;kSfxdksa dh dk'k jklk;fud vfHkf;k,] vfHkf;k, rFkk mnkgj.kksa ds dkj
rFkk la'ys"kh mi;ksx lajpuk fu/kkZj.k esa ;qDr i)fr;k UV n`'; IR, IH, NMH O;eku LisDVksxzkQh ds
fla)kr rFkk lkekU; dkcZfud vkSj vdkcZfud v.kqvksa dh lajpuk] fu/kkZj.k esa budk vuq;ksxA
6- vkf.od lajpukRed fu/kkZj.k] lkekU; dkcZfud vkSj vdkcZfud v.kqvksa ds fy;s fl)kar rFkk vuq;ksxA
1 f}ijxkuqd v.kqvksa vojDr rFkk jeu ds ?k`.kh LisDVe] vkblksVksih frLFkkiu rFkk ?k`.kZuh fLFkjkadA
2 f}ijxkuqd jSf?kd lefex] jSf[kd vlefex rFkk cafdx f=ijek.kqd v.kqvksa vojDr rFkk je.k ds daifud
LisDVeA
3 dk;kZRed xzqiksa vojDr rFkk jeu dh fofuf"VrkA
4 bysDVkWfud LisDVe ,dd rFkk f=d voLFkk,] la;qfXex f}&vkca/k] vYQk] chVk vlarqR; dkcksZfuy ;kSfxdA
5 ukfHkdh; pqEcdh; vuqukn&& jklk;fud foLFkkiu] od.kA
6 bysDVku pdj.k vuqukn&& vdkcZfud lEeJksa rFkk eqDr ewydksa dk v/;;uA

09- flfoy bathfu;fjax

[k.M& I (Section- I)
Hkkx d lajpukvksa ds fl)kar rFkk vfHkdYiu
d lajpukvksa ds fl)kar%& tkZ es;] dSfLVfXyvkuks,suh es; 1 vkSj 2] /kju rFkk dhy lEc) fiu&
TokbafVM lkns <kapksa ij ;qDr ,dkad Hkkj i)fr rFkk laxr fo:iu] vfuok;Z] /kkjuksa rFkk n`<+ <kapksa ds
fo'ys"k.k ds fy, ;qDr <ky fo{ksi] vk/kw.kkZ forj.k rFkk dkuksa dh fof/kA
xfreku Hkkj ?kjuksa ij pyus okys xfreku Hkkj ra= esa vf/kdre vi#i.k cy rFkk cadu vk?kq.kZ fu/kkZj.k
ds fy, fuca/k] 'kqkyEc lery fiuTokabfVM xMZj ds fy, Hkko js[kk;saA
MkV% f=dksy] f}fdy rFkk vkc) MkVsa&& Ik'kq dk y?kqou] rkieku Hkko] Hkko js[kk,A
fo'ys"k.k dh eSfVDl fof/k;k% cy fof/k rFkk foLFkkiu fof/kA
[k lajpukRed bLikr% lwj{kkad vkSj Hkkj ds ?kVd fof/k ruko rFkk laihMu vo;u dk vfHkdYi la?kfVr dkV
ds ?kj.kfjcsV yxs vkSj cYM fd, x, IysV xMZj] xSfV xkMZj] cSVu rFkk ysflax lfgr LFkk.kqd] LySc vkSj
laxe ifdk ;qDr vk/kkjA

14
 egkekxZ rFkk jsyos iqyksa ds vfHkdYi] vUrokgh vkSj i`"Bokgh dkj ds IysV xMZj] ckjsu xMZj vkSj sV
dSaphA
x cfyr dahV] fyfeV LVsV fof/k vfHkdYi] Hkkjrh; ekud vkbZ,y dksMks dh flQkfj'k ou&os ,saM Vw&os
LySc dk fMtkbZu] lksiku LySc] vk;rkdkj] Vh vkj ,y dkV ds 'kq)kyEc rFkk larr /kj.kA
mRdsUrk lfgr vFkok jfgr v{khZ; Hkkj ds varxZr laihMu vo;oA
frdkjd fHkfk;ka] BSdsnkj rFkk iq'rsnkj dkmUV QksVZ dkj dh fr/kkjd fHkfk;kaA
iwoZ frcyu dh i)fr;k vkSj fof/k;k] fLFkjd] vkueu rFkk iwoZ frcyu dh gkfu ds fy, dkV ysa lSD'kul
dk fo'ys"k.k ,oa vfHkdYiA
Hkkx [k rjy ;kaf=dh
rjy xq.k rFkk rjy xfr esa mudh Hkwfedk] lery rFkk o /kjkryksa ij lf; cyksa lfgr rjy LFkSfudh
rjy okg dh xfrdh rFkk 'qk)xfrdh
cSx rFkk Loj.k] okg js[kk lkrR; lehdj.k] v/kw.kkZ rFkk /kw.kkZ okg cSx foHko rFkk /kkjk Qyu] okg
tky rFkk tky dks vkjs[ku fof/k;k lhr rFkk xkZ ikFkZD; rFkk xfrjks/kA
xfr dh bZewyj dh lehdj.k] tkZ rFkk laoxZ lehdj.k rFkk ufydk okg ds fy, mudk vuq;ksx eqDr
rFkk .kksfnr feyrk] ry rFkk ofr] fLFkj vkSj xfreku ia[kqfM+;k] Lye] xsV] ok;jl vkaifjfl ehVj rFkk
osUVqjh ekihA foeht fo'ys"k.k rFkk lkn`"; ofdZFka dk ikbZ es;] le:irk;sa fr:Ik ekaMy fu;e vf/kr rFkk
for fr:Ik ekaMy py 'kD;k ekaMy va'k'kks/kuA
Lrjh; okg& lekUrj fLFkj rFkk xfreku if;ksa ds chp Lrjh; okg] uyh ls okg juks'kl ;ksx ,rsgu
rsy nsus ds fu;eA
lhekUr Lrj& trVh IysV ij Lrjh; vkSj fo{kqC/k lhekUr Lrj Lrjh; miLrj] fo/kd.k rFkk :Ik lhekUr
d"kZ.k rFkk mRFkkiuA ufy;ksa ls fo{kqC/k okg fo{kqC/k okg ds xq.kk/keZ] cSx daVu rFkk /k"kZ.k dk fopj.k
ohFk&xzsM jslk rFkk lexz tkZ jslk] lkbQUl esa lkj rFkk ladqpu] ikbZi ty] ty xzkfr vk/kkrA
fo|qr~ okfgdk okg& ,d leku rFkk vleku okg] fof'k"V tkZ rFkk fof'k"V cy] kafrd xgjkbZ]
frjks/k lehdj.k rFkk :{krk xq.kkad dk fopj.k qrxkeh ifjokhZ] ladqpu esa okg] vkdfLed ikr ij okg]
tyhPNky rFkk blds vuq;ksx] fgYyksy vkSj rajxsa] 'kuS&'kuS ifjokhZ okg] 'kuS&'kuS ifjokhZ okg ds fy,
vody lehdj.k] /kjkry ifjPNsfndk ksQkby dk oxhZdj.k] fu;a=.k dkV] ifjokhZ okg lehdj.k ds
lekdyu dh lksikuh fof/kA
Hkkx x e`nk ;kaf=dh rFkk uhao bathfu;fjaxA
e`nk la?kBu] bathfu;jh vkpj.k ij eqfDr [kfut dk Hkko] Hkkoh frcy fu;e] ty okg ifjfLFkfr ds dkj.k
Hkkoh frd esa ifjorZu] fLFkj ty Lrj rFkk vifjokhZ okg ifjfLFkfr;ka] e`nk dh ikjxE;rk rFkk laihM;rkA
lkeI;Z vkpj.k] v'kh; rFkk f=v{kh; ijh{k.kksa }kjk lkeF;Z fu/kkZj.k] lexz rFkk Hkkoh frcy lkeI;Z
iSjkehVlZ] lexz rFkk Hkkoh frcy iFkA
LFky vUos"k.k dh jhfr;ka] v|Lry xosZ{k.k dk;Ze dh ;kstuk] frca/ku f;k,a rFkk frn'khZ fo{kkse]
os'k ijh{k.k ;k IysV yksM] ijh{k.k vkSj vkadM+k fuoZpuA
uhaoksa ds dkj rFkk p;u] ikn] jsV LFkw.k] Iyoeku uhao iknkfr foekvksa foLrkj] var%LFkkiuk dh xgjkbZ]
ekj dk >qdko rFkk Hkwfe ty Lrj dk /kkj.k {kerk ij Hkko] rRdky rFkk laihMu fu"knu ?kVd] fu"knuksa ds
fy;s lax.kuk lexz rFkk foHksnhfu"nu dh lhek,a n`<+r ds fy, la'kks/kuA
xgjh uhao] xgjh uhaoksa dk n'kZu LFkw.k ,dy rFkk lewg {kerk dk vkdyu] fLFkj rFkk xfrd mixe LFkw.k
Hkkj ijk{k.k] peZ ?k"kZ.k rFkk fcUnq ok;fjax esa vyxko] v.MjjheM LFkw.kk] iqyksa ds fy, dwi uhao rFkk fMtkbu ds
igywA
e`nknko IykfLVd lkE; dh fLFkfr] ik'oZ .kksn dk fu/kkZj.k djus ds fy, dqye=l dh dk;Z fof/k] fLFkjd
cy rFkk cs/ku xgjkbZ dk fu/kkZj.k ofyr e`nk frHkkjd fHkfk ladY;uk] lkexzh rFkk vuq;ksxA
e'khuh uhaosa] dEiu ds :Ik kfrd vko`fk dk fu/kkZj.k] fMtkbu ds fy, fu"d"kZ ekunaM] e`nk ij dEiu
dk Hkko] dEiu dk vyxkoA
Hkkx ?k lax.kd dk;Ze& lax.kd ds dkj] lax.kd ds vo;o] bfrgkl rFkk fodkl] fofHk Hkk"kk,A QksVkZu
lw=kuqokn ewy dk;Ze] vpj] pj O;atd vad xf.krh; dFku iqLrdky; dk;Z fu;a=d dFku] vfrcaf/kr
xks&Vw (Go-To) dFku] laxf.kr xksVw (Go-To) dFku] bQ (IF) rFkk Mw (Do) dFku] tkjh j[ksa (CONTINUE)
eaxkvks] (CALL) okfil Hkstks] (RETURN) jksdks] (STOP) lekIr djks (END) dFku] vkbZ vks (IO) dFku]
QkesZVl (FORMATS)] {ks=h; fofunsZ'kA

15
 oknfyfi pj] C;wg fcek (Dimension) dFku] Qyu rFkk mifuR;e midk;Ze] flfoy bathfu;jh eas
okg&lafp= lfgr lk/kkj.k leL;kvksa ds fy, vuq;ksxA
[k.M& II (Section- II)
mEehnokj fuEukafdr pkj Hkkxksa esa ls fdUgha nks Hkkxksa ds 'uksa ds mkj ns ldrs gSaA
Hkkx d& Hkou fuekZ.kA
fuekZ.k lkexzh ds HkkSfrd rFkk ;kaf=d xq.k] p;u dks Hkkfor djus okys ?kVd] bV rFkk e`frd mRikn]
pquk vkSj flesaV] cgqyd lkexzh rFkk fo'ks"k mi;ksx] vk)Zrk jks/kh lky jks/kd lkexzhA
nhokjksa ds fy, bV dk;Z dkj] [kkslyk vkbZ ,l dksM ds vuqlkj bV dh flubZ dh nhokj dk fMtkbu]
lqj{kkad mi;ksX;rk rFkk lkeF;Z ds fy, vko';d ckrsa] nhokjksa ryksa Q'kks] Nrksa] varjNn ds fooj.k dk;Z Hkouksa
dk ifj"fr] IykLVj djus] Vksi djus] ysi djus dh ifj"frA
Hkou dh dk;kZRed ;kstuk] Hkouksa dk fndfoU;kl] vfXulg fuekZ.k ds vo;o] {kfrxzLr rFkk njkj iM+s
Hkouksa dks ejEer] Qsjks&lhesaV dk mi;ksx] fuekZ.k esa Qkboj ofr rFkk cgqyd dahV dk mi;ksx] vYi ykxr
vkokl ds fy, rduhdsa rFkk lkexzhA
Hkou vkdyu rFkk fof'kf"V;k fuekZ.k dk fu;kstu] ihbZvkjVh rFkk lhih,e i)fr;kA
Hkkx& [k
ifjogu bathfu;fjax&
ekxZ ;krk;kr bathfu;jh rFkk ;krk;kr losZ{k.k] pkSjkgs ekxZ fp ladsr rFkk fp yxkukA
ekxksZa dk oxhZdj.k] ;kstuk rFkk T;ksfekh; fMtkbuA
lquE; rFkk n`<+ dqf;ksa ds fMtkbu] ijrksa rFkk fMtkbu i)fr;ksa ij Hkkjrh; ekxZ dkaxzsl }kjk Lrqr ekxZn'khZ
:Ik js[kk,A
Hkkx& x
ty lalk/ku rFkk flapkbZ bathfu;fjax%&
ty foKku% tyh; p vo'ks"k.k] ok"ihdj.k] ok"iksRltZu] voueu lap;u] vr% Linutykjsl ;wfuV tykjsl
vko`fk fo'ys"k.k] ck<+ vkdyuA
Hkw&ty okg& fof'k"V yfC/k] lap;u] xq.kkad ikjkxE;rk dk xq.kkad ifj:) rFkk vifj:) ty okgh Lkj
ifj:) rFkk vifj:) fLFkfr;ksa ds varxZr ,d dwi ds Hkhrj vjh; okg uy dwi] iEiu rFkk iquKfIr ijh{k.k
Hkw&ty iksVsfa 'k;yA
ty lalk/ku ;kstuk& Hkw rFkk /kjkry ty lalk/ku ,dy rFkk cgqms'kh; ifj;kstuk,] tyk'k;ksa dh
lap;u {kerk] tyk'k; gkfu;k] tyk'k; vDlknu] tyk'k;ksa }kjk ck<+ ekxZ] ty lalk/ku ifj;kstuk dk
vFkZ'kkL=A
Qlyksa ds fy, ty dh vko';drk& tyk dk {k;h mi;ksx] flapkbZ ty dh xq.kokk] fk rFkk MsYVk]
flapkbZ ds rjhds rFkk mudh n{kk,aA
ugjsa& ugj flapkbZ ds fy, vkoaVu i)fr] ugj {kerk] ugj dh gkfu;k] eq[; rFkk forfjdk& ugj dk
lajs{k.k dkV vLrfjr okfgLdk muds fMtkbu fjtkse fl)kar] kafrd vi:i.k frty ry Hkkj] LFkkuh; rFkk
fuyfEcr Hkkj ifjogu rFkk vLrafjr vukL=afjr ugjksa dh ykxr dk fo'ys"k.k] vLrj ds ihNs ty fudklA
ty xzLrrk& dkj.k rFkk fu;a=.k]
ty fudkl&& i)fr dk fMtkbu] yo.krkA
ugj lajpuk] fu;eu dk fMtkbu dksl ty fudkl rFkk lapkj dk;Z dksl] fu;a=d eq[k fu;ked] ugj ikr]
tyokgh lsrq voufydk rFkk ugjksa fudkl esa ekiuA
f}DifjokhZ 'kh"kZ dk;Z] ikjxE; rFkk vikjxE; uhoksa ij oh;j ds fMtkbu ds fl)kar] [kkslyk dk fl)kar] tkZ
{k;] 'keu] ks.kh] lkn viotZuA
lat;u dk;Z& cka/kksa dh fdLesa] n`< xq:Ro rFkk Hkw&cka/kksa ds fMtkbu fl)kar] LFkkf;Ro fo'ys"k.k] uhoksa dk
mipkj tksM+ rFkk nh?kkZ,] fuLianu dk fu;a=.k] fuekZ.k i)fr;k rFkk e'khujhA
mRiyo ekxZ] dkj] f'kf[kj] }kj tkZ {k;A
unh f'k{k.k& unh f'k{k.k ds ms';] unh f'k{k.k ds rjhdsA

16
 Hkkx& ?k
Ik;kZoj.k bathfu;fjax%&
ty iwfrZ ds lzksarksa dh fr'krrk dk vkdyu] Hkwfe rFkk Hkwi`"B ty] Hkwi`"B ty o&bathfu;jh] ty ekxZ dh
kxqfDr] ty dh v'kq)rk rFkk mudk egRo] HkkSfrd] jklk;fud rFkk thok.kq&foKku&lEcU/kh fo'ys"k.k] ty ls
gksus okyh chekfj;ksa] is; ty ds fy, ekud] ty vUrxzZg.k] iaiu rFkk xq#Ro ;kstuk,A
ty mipkj& ldanu ds fl)kar] m.kZu rFkk lknu] eannqr nko] f}okg ,oa cgq&ek/;e fQYVj] Dyksjhuhdj.k
e`nqdj.k] Lokn xU/k rFkk yo.krk dks nwj djukA
ty laxzg.k rFkk forj.k& laxzg.k ,oa larqyu tyk'k;& dkj] LFkku vkSj {kerkA
forj.k .kkfy;k& vfHkU;kl] ikbi ykbuksa dh o bathfu;jh] ikbi fQfVax fujks/k rFkk nko de djus okys
okYoksa lfgr vU; okYo] ehVj gkMhZ kl fof/k dk ;ksx djrs gq, forj.k] .kkfy;ksa dk fo'ys"k.k] kLV
gSMykl vuqikr ekunUM ij vk/kkfjr b"Vre fMtkbu ds lkekU; fl)kar] /;ou vfHkKku] forj.k .kkfy;ksa
iaiu dsUksa dk vuqj{k.k rFkk mudk pkyuA
ey&O;oLFkk .kkfy;k& ?kjsyq vkSj vkS|ksfxd vif'k"V] >a>kofgr ey&i`Fkd~ ,oa la;qDr .kkfy;ksa] lhojksa ds
tfj, ogko] lhojksa dk fMtkbu] lhokj miLdj.k esu gky osf.kdk] taD'ku] lkbQuA
okfgr ey y{k.k o.kZu& ohvksMhlhvksMh Bksl inkFkZ O;klwr vkDlhtu] ukbVkstu rFkk Vhvkslh lkekU;
ty ekxZ rFkk Hkwfe ij fuLrkj.k ds ekud okfgr ey mipkj& dk;Zdkjh fu;e bdkb;k] dks"B] volknu VSad]
/okoh fQYVj] vkWDlhdj.k rky] mRsfjr vooZd f;k] lSfIVd VSad] voiad fuLrkj.k] vif'k"V ty dk iqu%
pkyuA
Bksl vif'k"V& laxzg.k ,oa fuLrkj.kA
i;kZoj.kh; nw"k.k% ikfjfLFkfrd larqyu] ty nw"k.k fu;a=.k ,DV] jsfM;ks,fDVo vif'k"V ,oa fuLrkj.k] m"eh;
'kfDr la;a=ksa] [kkuksa ds fy, Ik;kZoj.kh; Hkko ewY;kaduA
LoPNrk& Hkouksa dk LFkku rFkk iwokZfeeq[khdj.k lapkyu rFkk lhr wQ jn~ns x`g ty fudkl] vif'k"V
fuLrkj.k dh lQkbZ O;oLFkk ,oa tyks<+ .kkyhA lQkbZ lEcU/kh midj.k] 'kkSp ?kj rFkk eq=ky;] xzkeh.k
LoPNrkA

10- okf.kfT;d 'kkL= rFkk ys[kk fof/k

[k.M& I (Section- I) ys[kk dk;Z rFkk fok

Hkkx& 1 ys[kk dk;Z] ys[kk ijh{kk rFkk djk/kku

fokh; lwpuk i)fr ds :Ik esa ys[kk dk;Z & O;kogkjkRed foKkuksa dk Hkko & orZeku ; 'kfDr ys[kkdj.k ds
fof'kf"V lUnHkZ esa cnyrs dher nj ds ys[kkdj.k dh i)fr daiuh ys[kk dh xr leL;k,a] daifu;ksa ;
lekesyu] vUryZ;u rFkk iquxZBu fu;a=d daifu;ksa dk ys[kk dk;Z 'ks;jksa vkSj xqMfoy lquke dk eq[;kadu
fu;a=dksa dk dk;Z lEifk] fu;a=.k lkafof/kd rFkk ca/kA
vk;dj vf/kfu;e] 1961 ds eq[k mica/k& ifjHkk"kk,& vk;dj] yxkuk] NwV ewY;g~jkl rFkk fuos'k NwV
fofHk enksa ds v/khu vk; ds vfHkdyu dh ljy leL;k rFkk dj fu/kkZj.k ;ksX; vk; dk fu'p;u vk;dj
vf/kdkjhA
ykxr ys[kk fof/kd dk Lo:Ik rFkk dk;Z& ykxr oxhZdj.k& v)ZifjokhZ ykxrksa ds fLFkj vkSj ifjokhZ
?kVdksa ds chp ckaVus dh fof/k& tkap ykxr dk fu/kkZj.k fidks rFkk mRiknu dk led{k bdkb;ksa ds ifjdyu
dh Hkkfjr vkSlr i)fr ykxr rFkk fokh; ys[kkvksa dk lek/kku lhekar ykxr fu/kkZj.k ykxr ifjek.k ykHk
laca/k chtx.khrh; lw= rFkk vkys[kh; fp=.k ewy fcUnq& ykxr fu;a=.k rFkk ykxr ?kVko dh fof/k& ctV
fu;a=.k yphyk ctV ekud ykxr dk fu/kkZj.k rFkk lkj.k fo'ys"k.k nkf;Ro ys[kk fofo/k&mifj O;; yxkus
ds vk/kkj rFkk muds vUrfuZfgr nks"k& dher r; djus ds fu.kZ; ds fy, ykxr fu/kkZj.kA
lka{kkadu dk;Z dk egRoA ys[kk ijh{k.k dk;Z dk ksxzke cukuk ifjlEifk dk ewY;kadu rFkk lR;kiu
LFkk;h Nih rFkk pkyw ifjlEifk nsunkfj;ksa dk lR;kiu] lhfer daifu;ksa dh ys[kk ijh{kk ys[kk ijh{kk dh
fu;qfDr infr"Bk 'kfDr] drZO; rFkk nkf;Ro ys[kkijh{kd dh fjiksVZ 'ks;j iwath dh ys[kk ijh{kk rFkk 'ks;jksa dk
gLrkarj.k cSafdax vkSj chek daifu;ksa dh ys[kk ijh{kk dh fo'ks"k ckrsaA

17
 Hkkx& 2 O;kikj fokh; rFkk fokh; laLFkk;saA
fok cU/k dh vo/kkj.kk rFkk fo"k; {ks= fu;eksa ds fokh; y{; iwathxr ctV cukuk] vuqekukfJr fu;e rFkk
ckxr udnh okg lEcU/kh mikxe] fuos'k fu.kZ;ksa esa vfuf'prrk dk lekos'k bZ"Vre iwathA
lajpuk dk vfHkdYiu& iwath dh Hkkfjr vkSlr ykxr rFkk vYidkfyd] e/;dkfyd rFkk nh?kZdkfyd fok
tqVkus ds eksnhxfr;kuh rFkk feyj ekWMy lzksrksa ls lacaf/kr fookn lkoZtfud rFkk ifjorZuh; fMosapjksa dh
Hkwfedk& _.k bfDoVh vuqikr ds laca/k esa freku rFkk funs'kd ladsr b"Vre ykHkka'k uhfr ds fu;ked rRo
tSEl bZckrj vkSj tku fyVuj dk fr:iksa ekWMyksa dh b"Vre :Ik nsuk] ykHkka'k ds Hkqxrku ds QkeZ dk;Z'khy
iwath dk <kapk rFkk fofHk ?kVdksa ds Lrj dks Hkkfor djus okys pkj dk;Z'khy iwath ds iwokZuqeku dk udnh
okg n`f"Vdks.k Hkkjrh; m|ksxksa esa dk;Z'khy o iwath dk ik'oZfp=&m/kkj ca/k ;k m/kkj uhfr fokh; vk;kstuk
vkSj udnhA
okg forj.k ds laca/k esa dj dk fopkj.kA
Hkkjrh; O; dk Hkkj dk laxBu rFkk dfe;k& okf.kfT;d cSadksa dh ifjlEifk;ksa rFkk ns;rkvksa dh
lajpuk& jk"Vh;dj.k dh miyfC/k;k rFkk foQykr,& {ks=h; xzkeh.k cSad m/kkj ls lEc) vuqorhZ dk;Zokgh ij
VaMu ih,y v/;;u ny dh flQkfj'kksa 76 rFkk ihjs dsoh lfefr }kjk budk la'kks/ku] 1979& Hkkjrh;
fjtoZ cSad dk eqk rFkk m/kkj lEcU/kh uhfr;ksa dk ewY;kadu&Hkkjrh; iwth cktkj ds la?kVd vf[ky Hkkjrh;
Lrj laca/k dks fokh; laLFkkvksa vkbZMhchvkbZ] vkbZ,QlhvkbZ] vkbZlhvkbZlhvkbZ vkSj vkbZvkjlhvkbZ
ds dk;Z vkSj dk;Z lapkyu fof/k& Hkkjrh; thou chek fuxe rFkk Hkkjrh; ;wfuV VLV dh fuos'k uhfr;k LVkWd
,Dlpsatksa dh orZeku fLFkfr rFkk mudk fofu;euA
ijkE; fyf[kr vf/kfu;e] 1981 ds micU/k vnkdrkZ xrk olwyh cSadjksa ds lkafof/kd laj{k.k ds fo'ks"k
lUnHkZ esa js[kkadu rFkk i`"Bkadu cSadksa ds pkVZjhdj.k i;Zos{k.k rFkk fofu;eu ls lEc) cSafdax fofu;eu
vf/kfu;e] 1949 ds fof'k"V micU/kA

[k.M& II (Section- II)

laxBu fl)kar rFkk vkS|ksfxd laca/k

Hkkx& 1%& laxBu fl+)kar

laxBu dh xfr rFkk vk/kkj.k& laxBu ds y{;% kFkfed ,oa f}rh; y{;] ,dy rFkk cgqy y{;] mik;]
J`a[kyk y{;ksa dk foLFkkiu] vuqe.k] foLrkj xFkk olqyhdj.k& vkSipkfjd laxBu pkj lajpuk ykbu vkSj
LVkQ] dk;kZRed] vk/kkjksa rFkk ifj;kstuk& vukSipkfjd laxBu& dk;Z rFkk lhek;saA
laxBu fl)kar dk fodkl 'kkL=h; uo 'kkL=h; rFkk .kkyh mie ukSdj'kkgh 'kfDr dk Lo:Ik rFkk
vk/kkj] 'kfDr ds lzksr 'kfDr lajpuk }kjk jktuhfr&xfrd .kkyh ds :Ik esa laxBukRed O;ogkj] rduhdh
lkekftd rFkk 'kfDr .kkfy;k&var%laca/k vkSj varjf;k,] R;kx&fLFkfr .kkyh & eSLyks eksxszuj] gtZoxZ]
fydsVZ] czwe] iksVZj rFkk ykyj ds lS)kafrd rFkk vuqHknkf{kr vk/kkj vfHksj.k ds vknu vkSj gqeu eksMy eukscy
rFkk mRikndrk] usr`Ro fl)kar rFkk eukscyh laxBuksa esa la/keZ ca/k& laO;ogkjkRed fo'ys"k.k& laxBu esa
laLfr dk egRo] rdZcqf) dh lhek,] lkbZeu ekdZ mikxeA laxBfud ifjorZu] vuqdwyu] o`f) vkSj fodkl
laxBfud fu;a=.k rFkk HkkfodrkA

Hkkx& 2 vkS|ksfxd laca/k

vkS|ksfxd lEcU/kksa dk Lo:i vkSj fo"k; {ks=& Hkkjr esa vkS|ksfxd Je rFkk mldh fro)rk& lEok/; ds
fl)kar& Hkkjr esa Jfed la?k vkanksyu] lao`f) rFkk lajpuk& ckgjh usr`Ro dh Hkwfedk] Jfedksa dh f'k{kk rFkk
vU; leL;k,& lkewfgd lkSnsckth mikxeu fLFkfr;k] lhek, vkSj Hkkjrh; ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa mudh HkkfodrkA
okf.kT; rFkk ys[kk fof/k
ca/k esa Jfedksa dh Hkkxhnkjh] n'kZu] rdksZ/kkj] orZeku fLFkfr vkSj Hkkoh lEHkkouk,A
Hkkjr esa vkS|ksfxd fooknksa dk fuokj.k rFkk lek/kku fuokjd mik; lek/ku ra= rFkk O;ogkj esa vkus okys
vU; mik;& lkoZtfud m|eksa esa vkS|ksfxd laca/k&Hkkjrh; m|ksxksa esa vuqifLFkfr rFkk Jfed ifjo/kZu lkisFk
etnwfj;ksa rFkk etnwjh foHksnd rRo] Hkkjr esa etnwjh uhfr& cksul dk 'u& varjkZ"Vh; Je laxBu vkSj
Hkkjr&laxBu esa dkfeZd foHkkx dh Hkwfedk& dk;Zdkjh ,DthD;wfVo fodkl] dkfeZd uhfr;k] dkfeZd ys[kk
ijh{kk vkSj dkfeZd vuqla/kkuA

18
 11- vFkZ'kkL=
[k.M& I (Section- I)
1- vFkZO;oLFkk dk <kapk] jk"Vh; vk; dk ys[khdj.kA
2- vkfFkZd fodYi& miHkksDrk O;ogkj& mRiknd O;ogkj vkSj cktkj ds :IkA
3- fuos'k lEcU/kh fu.kZ; rFkk vk; vkSj jkstxkj dk fu/kkZj.k&vk;] forj.k vkSj o`f) ds le`) vkfFkZd
fr:iA
4- cSad O;oLFkk&;kstukc)& fodkl'khy vFkZO;oLFkk ds dsUh; cSad O;oLFkk ds ms'; vkSj lk/ku rFkk lk[k
lEcU/kh fufr;kA fcgkj esa okf.kT; cSadksa ds f;k dykiA
5- djksa ds dkj vkSj vFkZO;oLFkk ij mudk Hkko& ctV ds vkdM+ksa ds HkkoA ;kstukc) fodkl'khy
vFkZO;oLFkk ds ctVh; vkSj jktdks"kh; uhfr ds ms'; vkSj lk/kuA
6- varjkZ"Vh; O;kikj 'kqYd i}fr] fofue; nj] vnk;xh 'kks/k] vUrjkZ"Vh; eqk o cSad laLFkkuA

[k.M& II (Section- II)

--------------------------------------
1- Hkkjrh; vFkZ O;oLFkk & Hkkjrh; vFkZ uhfr ds funs'kd fl}kar] ;kstukc) o`f) vkSj forj.k U;k;& xjhch
dk mUewyuA Hkkjrh; vFkZO;oLFkk dk laLFkkxr <kapk& la?kh; 'kklu lajpuk& f"k vkS|ksfxd {ks=]
lkoZtfud vkSj futh {ks=] jk"Vh; vk;] mldk {ks=h; forj.k] xjhch dgk&dgk vkSj fdruhA
2- f"k mRiknu& f"k uhfr& Hkwfe lq/kkj& kS|ksfxdh; ifjorZu& vkS|ksfxd {ks= ls lg&laca/kA
3- vkS|ksfxd mRiknu& vkS|ksfxd uhfrA lkoZtfud vkSj futh {ks= {ks=h; forj.k& ,dkf/kdkjh Fkk dk
fu;a=.k vkSj ,dkf/kdkjA
4- f"k mRiknksa vkSj vkS|ksfxd mRiknksa ds ewY; fu/kkZj.k lEcU/kh uhfr;k vf/kkfIr vkSj lkoZtfud forj.kA
5- ctV dh o`fr;k vkSj jktdks"kh; forj.kA
6- eqk vkSj lk[k o`fk;k vkSj uhfr& cSad O;oLFkk vkSj vU; fokh; laLFkk,A
7- fons'kh O;kikj vkSj vnk;xh dks"kA
8- Hkkjrh; ;kstukA ms';] O;wg jpuk] vuqHko vkSj leL;k,A
9- fcgkj dh vFkZ O;oLFkk& f"k ,oa m|ksx ds lkisf{kd LFkku] vkfFkZd fodkl ds ekxZ dh :dkoVsa] xjhch ,oa
csjkstxkjh] Hkwfe lq/kkj dh xfrA

12- fo|qr~ bathfu;fjax

[k.M& I (Section- I)
tky ra=&& fufnZ"V /kkjk vkSj R;kokhZ /kkjk tky dh LFkk;h voLFkk dk fo'ys"k.k] tky&es;] vkC;wg chp
xf.kr] tky dk;Z {kf.kd vuqf;k] vko`fk vuqf;k] ykIykWl :ikUrj] Qwfj;j {ks.kh vkSj Qwfj;j :ikarj]
vko`fk LiSDVkbZ] /kzqo 'kwU; ladYiu] kjfEHkd tky va'ys'k.kA fLFkfr foKku vkSj pqEcd foKkuA
fLFkj fo|qr~ vkSj fLFkj pqEcdh; {ks=ksa dk fo'ys"k.k] ykIykl vkSj I;klksa lehdj.k] ifjlhek] eku leL;kvksa
dk gy] esDlosy lehdj.k] fo|qr pqEcdh; rjax lqpkj.k] Hkw vkSj vkdk'k rjaxsa] Hkw&dsU vkSj mixzg ds chp
lapkj.kA
eki&ekiu dh vk/kkjHkwr i)fr;k] ekud =qfV fo'ys"k.k lwpd ;a=] dSFkksM&js vkflyksLdksi] oksYVst] ekiu
/kkjk] frjks/k] sjdRo] /kkfjrk le;] vko`fk vkSj QqyDl] bysDVkWfud eksVjA
bysDVkWfudh& fu;kZr vkSj v)Zpkyd ;qfDr;k] led{k ifjiFk] VkaftLVj iSjkehVj] /kkjk vkSj oksYVst yfC/k
vkSj fuos'k rFkk fuxe frck/kkvksa dk fu/kkZj.k vfHkuru] fof/k] ,dy vkSj cgqpj.k vU; jsfM;ks y?kq ladsr rFkk
o`gr~ ladsr o/kZd vkSj mudk fo'ys"k.k] iquHkj.k o/kZd vkSj nksfyr rjax] :i.k ifjiFk vkSj lek;k/kkj tfu=]
fofHk dkj ds cgqdafir vkSj muds k;ksxvadh ifjiFkA
fo|qr e'khu& iwohZ ;a=ksa esa bZ,e,Q] ,e,e,Q vkSj vklwxsu dk tuu fu"V /kkjk rqY; edkfyd vkSj
s"kd e'khuksa ds yhMj vkSj tfu= lEcU/kh y{k.k rqY; ifji= fnuifjoZru iks';Z] pktu] 'kfDr VkalQjej ds
Qtj vkjs[k vkSj rqY; ifjiFk dk;Z fu"iknu vkSj n{krk dk fu/kkZj.k vkVks VkalQjej] f=iy VkalQjejA

19
 [k.M& II (Section- II)
Hkkx ^^d**
fu;a=.k .kkyh& xfrd jsfld fu;a=.k .kkfy;ksa dk xf.krh; funsZ'ku] Cykd vkjs[k vkSj ladsr okg vkys[k]
{kf.kd vuqf;k LFkk;h rFkk =qfV;k] LFkkf;Ro] vko`fk vuqf;k fof"V;k] ey fcUnq iFk fof"V;k Js.kh
frdj.kA
vkS|ksfxd bysDVkWfudh& ,d dyh; vkSj cgw dyh; ifj'kks/kdksa ds fl)kUr vkSj vfHkdYiu fu;af=r
ifj'kks/ku] el.k/kkjh fQYVj] fu;fer 'kfDr nk; pky; gsrq xfr fu;a=.k ifjiFk rhid] fn"V /kkjk ds
;korhZ /kkjk esa :ikarj.k] pkSij dkp] fu;ed vkSj osfYMax ifjiFkA
Hkkx ^^[k**
xq: /kkjk, oS|qr~ e'khusa& sj.k e'khuksa&?kw.khZ pqEcdh; {ks= cQgqyh; eksVj] pkyu fl}kUr Qstj vkjs[k] cy
vkj.k vk?kw.kZ leZ.k fo'ks"krk rqY; ifjiFk vkSj blds kpy fu/kkZj.k] o`k vkjs[k] orZd xfr fu;a=.k] f}iatj
eksVj] sj.k tfu=] fl}kUr] Qstj vkjs[k] ,d dyh; eksVjksa dh fo'ks"krk, vkSj vuq;ksx f}dyh; sj.k vkSj
eksVj dk vuq;ksxA
rqYdkfyd e'khu& bZ,e,Q lehdj.k Qstj vkSj o`k vkjs[k vifjfer ^^ol** ij pkyu rqYdkfyd 'kfDr]
pkyu fo'ks"krk vkSj fofHk i)fr;ksa }kjk fu"iknu] vkdfLed y?kq ifjiFk vkSj e'khu fr?kkr vkSj dky
fLFkjrk fu/kkZfjr djus gsrq nksyu ys[k dk fo'ys"k.k] eksVj fo'ks"krk, vkSj dk;Z fu"iknu orZu i}fr vuq;ksxA
fo'ks"k e'khu& ,EiyhMkbu vkSj esVkMkbu pkyu fo'ks"krk, vkSj muds vuq;ksxA
'kfDr .kkyh vkSj j{k.k& fofHk dkj ds 'kfDr dsUksa dh lkekU; :i&js[kk vkSj vFkZ ca/k vk/kkj& Hkkj]
f'k[kj Hkkj vkSj iafir iaMkj.k l;a=n`"V /kkjk vkSj R;korhZ /kkjk 'kfDr forj.k dks fofHk .kkfy;ksa dh
vFkZO;oLFkk] lapj.k 'kfDr pyu ifjdyu] th,eMh dh ladYiuk] y?kq e/;e vkSj nh?kZ lajpuk ;af= fo|qr~
jks/kd] fo|qr~ jks/kdksa dh fdlh jTtw esa oksYVst dk forj.k vkSj Js xkspu] fo|qr~ jks/kdksa okrkoj.kh Hkko]
lekfer ?kVdksa }kjk ifjdyu] Hkkj okg fo'ys"k.k vkSj fdQk;rh pkyu] LFkk;h n'kk vkSj {kf.kd LFkkf;Ro
nks"k] foyks;u dh fLop fxvj i}fr;k] iqu% orZu vkSj miyfC/k oksYVst] ifjiFk foPNsnd ijh{k.k] j{kh fjy]s
'kfDr .kkyh miLdj gsrq y{kh ;kstuk] lapj.k ykbuksa esa lhVh vkSj ihVh egksfeZ;ka] xkeh rjax vkSj j{k.kA
mi;ksx& vkS|ksfxd ifjpkyu fofo/k ifj;kstukvksa ds fy, oS|rq ~ ehVj vkSj muds vuqerkad dk vkdyu]
kjEHk gksrs le; eksVjksa dk Roj.k] czsd vkSj mRe.k pkyuksa esa eksVj dk vkpj.k] fn"V /kkjk sj.k eksVj gsrq
fu;a=.k dh ;kstuk] jsy lad"kZ.k dh fofHk .kkfy;ksa dh vFkZO;oLFkk vkSj vU; igyw] jsyxkM+h vkokxeu dh
;kaf=dh 'kfDr vkSj tkZ dh t:jrksa rFkk eksVj vuqerkadksa dk vkdyu lad"kZ.k ehVjksa dh fo'ks"krk, ijkoS|qrh;
vkSj sj.kk rkiuA
vFkok
Hkkx ^^x** dk'k /kkjk,

lapkj .kkfy;ksa vk;ke dk tuu vkSj lalwpu& dyk nh{khfoy] ekMqyd vkSj foekMqyd dk ;ksx djrs
gq, vk;ke vko`fr dyk vkSj Lian ekMqyksj flXuyksa dk tuu vkSj lalwpu] ekMqfyd .kkfy;ksa dh rqyuk ,oa
leL;k,] .kkyh n{krk] frp;u es;] /ofu vkSj n'kZu lkj.k] lapkj.k vkSj vfHkxzkgh .kkfy;k ,aVsuk] Hkjdksa
vkSj vfHkkgh ifjiFk] JO; fLFkr lapj.k js[kk] jsfM;ks vkSj ijk mPp vko`fk;kA
lw{e rjax& funsf'kr lk/kuksa esa oS|qr~ pqEcdh; rjax& rjax funsZ'kh ?kVd dksVj vuqoknd] lq{e rjax uy vkSj
Bksl voLFkk ;qfDr;k] lq{e rjax tfu= vkSj ca/kd] fQYVj lq{e rjax ekiu i)fr;k] lq{e rjax fofdj.k
iSVuZ] lapkj vkSj ,aVsuk .kkfy;k& uhpSyu jsfM;ks lgk;drkA
fo"V /kkjk o/kZd & R;{k ;qfXer ca/kd] Hksn o/kZd] /kki/kj vkSj vuq:Ik vfHkQyuA

20
 13- Hkwxksy
[k.M& I (Section- I)
Hkwxksy dk fl)kUr
Hkkx ^^d** HkkSfrd Hkwxksy
1- Hkw&vkfr foKku& Hkw iVy dk mn~xe rFkk fodkl Hkw&lapyu rFkk IysV foorZfudh] Tokykeq[kh f;k
vijnu p& Msfol rFkk isad unh;] fgeunh; 'kq"d rFkk dkLVZ Hkw&vkfr;k] iquZ;ofur rFkk cgqph;
Hkw&vkd`fr;kA
2- tyok;q foKku& ok;q eaMy] bldh lajpuk rFkk la;kstu] ok;q jkf'k;ka] okrkxz pokr rFkk lEc)
ifj?kVuk,& tyok;q oxhZdj.k] dksisu rFkk FkkUFkZosV] Hkwryty] typ rFkk ty oSKkfud pA
3- e`nk;sa rFkk ouLifr& e`nk mRifk oxhZdj.k rFkk forj.k] lokuk rFkk ekulqu ou thoksekas ds
ikfjfLFkfrd igywA
4- egklkxjh; foKku& egklkxj ry] mPpkop Hkkjrh; egklkxjh; ry dk mPpkop] yo.krk] /kkjk, rFkk
Tokj] leq fu{ksi rFkk ewax pkusaA
5- ikfjfLFkfrd ra= & ikfjfLFkfr&ra= dh ladYiuk] ikfjfLFkfrd ra= ij euq"; dk la?kkr] fo'o dh
ikfjfLFkfr dk vlarqyuA
Hkkx ^^[k^* ekuo rFkk vkfFkZd Hkwxksy
1- HkkSxksfyd fpUru dk fodkl& ;wjksih; rFkk fczfV'k Hkwxksyfonksa dk ;ksxnku] fu;frokn rFkk lEHkookn]
Hkwxksy esa }Srokn ek=kRed rFkk O;ogkjkRed kafr;kA
2- ekuo Hkwxksy& ekuo rFkk ekuo tkfr;ksa dk vkfoHkkZo] ekuo dk lakLfrd fodkl] fo'o ds eq[k
lkaLfrd ifjeaMy] varjkZ"Vh; oztu] vrhr vkSj orZeku] fo'o dh tula[;k dk forj.k rFkk o`f)]
tu&lkaf[;dh; lae.k rFkk fo'o tula[;k dh leL;k,A
3- cLrh Hkwxksy& xzkeh.k rFkk uxjh; cfLr;ksa dh ladYiuk] uxjhdj.k dk mn~Hko& xzkeh.k cLrh ds fr:i]
uxjh; oxhZdj.k&uxjh; Hkko ds {ks= rFkk xzkeh.k uxjh; lhekUr] uxjksa dh vkUrfjd lajpuk] fo'o esa
uxjh; o`f) dh leL;k,A
4- jktuhfrd Hkwxksy& jk"V vkSj jkT; dh ladYiuk,] lhekUr] lhek, rFkk oQj {ks=] dsU LFky rFkk mikUr
LFky dh ladYiuk] la?koknA
5- vkfFkZd Hkwxksy& fo'o dk vkfFkZd fodkl& ekiu rFkk leL;k,] lalk/ku dh ladYiuk] fo'o lalk/ku
mudk forj.k rFkk fo'o leL;k,] fo'o tkZ ladV] vfHko`f) dh lhek,] fo'o f"k& k:Ik foKku rFkk
fo'o ds f"k {ks=] f"k vofLFkfr dk fl)kar] fo'o m|ksx&m|ksxksa dh vofLFkfr dk fl}kUr] fo'o
vkS|ksfxd uewus rFkk leL;k,] fo'o O;kikj fl)kUr rFkk fo'o ds fr:iA

[k.M& II (Section- II)

Hkkjr dk Hkwxksy
HkkSfrd igyw& Hkw oSKkfud bfrgkl] Hkw&vkfr vkSj viokg ra=] Hkkjrh; ekulwu dk mn~xe vkSj f;k fof/k]
eqk vkSj ouLifrA
ekuoh; igyw& vkfnoklh {ks= rFkk mudh leL;k,] tual[;k forj.k] la?kurk vkSj o`f)] tual[;k dh
leL;k, rFkk uhfr;kA
lalk/ku& Hkwfe [kfut] ty thoh; vkSj leqh lalk/kuksa dk laj{k.k vkSj mi;ksxA
f"k& flapkbZ] Qlyksa dh xgurk] Qlyksa dk la;kstu] gfjr kafr] Hkwfe mi;ksx lEcU/kh uhfr] xzkeh.k vFkZ
O;oLFkk&Ik'kqikyu] lkekftd okfudh vkSj ?kjsyw m|ksxA
m|ksx& vkS|ksfxd fodkl dk bfrgkl] LFkkuhdj.k dkjd] [kfut vk/kkfjr] f"k vk/kkfjr rFkk ou vk/kkfjr
m|ksxksa dk v/;;u] vkS|ksfxd ladqy vkSj vkS|ksfxd {ks=h;dj.kA
ifjogu vkSj O;kikj& lM+dksa] jsyekxk rFkk tyekxks dh O;oLFkk dk v/;;u] vUr% rFkk varj{ks=h; O;kikj
rFkk xko ds cktkj dsUksa dh HkwfedkA
cfLr;k& xzkeh.k cfLr;ksa dk fr:i] Hkkjr eas uxjh; fodkl rFkk mudh leL;k,] Hkkjrh; uxjksa dh vkarfjd
lajpuk] uxj vk;kstu] xUnh cfLr;k rFkk uxjh; vkokl] jk"Vh; uxjhdj.k uhfrA
21
{ks=h; fodkl rFkk vk;kstu& Hkkjr dh iapo"khZ; ;kstuk] cgqLrjh; vk;kstu] jkT; ftyk rFkk [kaM Lrjh;
vk;kstu] Hkkjr esa fodkl ds laca/k esa {ks=h; vlekurk,A
jktuSfrd igyw & Hkkjr dh jktuSfrd leL;k,] jkT; iquxZBu] Hkkjr dh vUrjkZ"Vh; lhek rFkk lEc) ekeysA
Hkkjr rFkk fgUn egklkxj {ks= dh Hkw&jktuhfrA
fcgkj ds Hkwxksy dk fuEufyf[kr 'kh"kZdksa ds vUrxZr v/;;u] kfrd foHkkx] fef;k] ou] tyok;q] f"k dk
fr:i] lw[kk vkSj ck<+xzLr {ks=ksa dh leL;k, vkSj lek/kku] eq[k [kfut lalk/ku& yksgk] rkEck] ckDlkbV]
vcj[k vkSj dks;yk] eq[k m|ksx& yksgk&bLikr] ,Y;qeqfu;e] lhesUV] phuh] eq[k vkS|ksfxd ns'k] fcgkj dh
tual[;k dh leL;k] tu&tkfr;ksa dh leL;k, vkSj mudk lek/kku] fcgkj esa uxjhdj.k dk fr:iA

14- Hkw&foKku
[k.M& I (Section- I)
lkekU; Hkw&foKku] Hkw&vkfr foKku lajpukRed Hkw&foKku] thok'e foKku vkSj Lrfjdh
1- lkekU; Hkw&foKku& Hkwxfr foKku ls lEc) tkZ dh xfrfof/k] Hkwfe dk mn~xe vkSj varLFk] Hkwfe ds
fofHk fof/k vkSj dky }kjk pkuksa dh frfFk fu/kkZj.kA Tokykeq[kh ds dkj.k vkSj mRifk] Tokykeq[kh
es[kyk,] Hkwpky Tokykeq[kh es[kykvksa ls lac)dj.k vkSj Hkw&oSKkfud Hkko rFkk QSykoA eqh.kh rFkk mudk
oxhZdj.kA }hi&}hipkiksa] laHkhj lkxj [kkb;k rFkk e/;&egklkxjh; dVd lefLFkfrd ioZrksa & dkj
vkSj mn~xe] egk}hi cgko dk laf{kIr fopkj] egk}hiksa rFkk lkxjksa dh mRifk] ok;q rajxksa vkSj Hkw&oSKkfud
leL;kvksa ls bldk yxkoA
2- Hkw&vkfr foKku& kjfHHkd fl}kar rFkk egRoA Hkw&vkfr vkSj f;k rFkk iSjkehVj Hkw&vkfrd pksa
rFkk muds friknu] mUeqfDr xq.k] LFkykfr lajpukvksa vkSj v'e foKku ls budk laca/k] cM+h
Hkw&vkfr;k] viogurk] Hkkjrh; miegk}hi ds Hkw&kfrd xq.kA NksVkukxiqj iBkj ds Hkw&vkfrd xq.kA
3- lajpukRed Hkw&foKku& ncko rFkk Hkkj nh?kZcrt rFkk pku fo:i.kA oyu vkSj Hkza'ku dk eSdsfudy
ykbuj vkSj Iykuj lajpuk, vkSj mRifkewyd egRoA isVh QSfczd fo'ys"k.k vkSj bldk Hkw&oSKkfud
leL;kvksa ls ekufp=h; frosnu vkSj yxkoA Hkkjr dk foorZfudh <kapkA
4- thok'e foKku& lw{e rFkk o`gr~&thok'e thokjuk dk laj{k.k vkSj mi;ksfxrk] uke i)fr ds oxhZdj.k
dk lkekU; fopkjA Luk;kfod m}o vkSj bl ij iqjk lkfRodh v/;;u dk HkkoA
vkfr foKku czkfdiksM~l] fookyCl xSLVksiksM~l] vEeksuksbM~l] fVyksokbV~l] ,fpuksbM~l rFkk dksjyl dh
fodkloknh o`f) dk Hkw&oSKkfud bfrgkl lfgr oxhZdj.kA
i`"Bkoaf'k;ksa ds /kku lewg rFkk muds vkfr xq.kA xq.kksa ls i`"Bkoa'k thou] Mk;ukslksj] flokfyd i`"Bkoa'kA
v'oksa] gkfFk;ksa rFkk ekuo dk foLr`r v/;;uA xksaMokuk yksjk vkSj buds egRoA
lw{e thok'eksa ds dkj rFkk muds rsy dh xos"k.kk ds fo'ks"k lUnHkZ lfgr egRoA
5- Lrfjdh& Lrfjdh ds fl)karA Lrjh; oxhZdj.k rFkk uke i)frA Lrfjdh; ekud eki] Hkkjrh; miegk}hi
ds fofHk Hkw&oSKkfudksa i)fr dk foLr`r v/;;u] Hkkjrh; vkfr foKku dh lhek leL;k,A fofHk
Hkw&oSKkfud i)fr;ksa dh muds dkj {ks= esa Lrjhdh dh :Ik js[kkA Hkkjrh; mi&egk}hi dh Hkwrdky dh
vof/kA laf{kIr tyok;q vkSj vkXus; f;kdykiksa dk v/;;uA iwjk HkkSxksfyd iqufuZekZ.kA

[k.M& II (Section- II)

LQV :fidh%] [kfut foKku] 'kSy foKku] vkfFkZd Hkw&foKku ,oa ;qDr Hkw&foKku

1- LQV :fidh%& LQVkRed rFkk vLQkVkRed rRo] fo'ks"k xzqi okl lfefrA lfefr dh 32 Jsf.k;ksa esa
LQVh dk oxhZdj.kA LQV:fidh ladsruk dh varjkZ"Vh; i)fr] LQV lfefr dks foKr djus ds fy,
f=foe {ksiA ;eyu rFkk ;ey&tuu fof/k;kA LQV vfu;ferrk,A fLQV v/;;u ds fy, ,Dl fdj.kksa
dk mi;ksxA
2- dk'kh; [kfut foKku%& dk'k ds lkekU; fl+)kar] lensf'kd vkSj vfulksVksfiTe n`f"V lwfpdk dh
/kkj.kk] rdoZUrk] O;frdj.k jax rFkk fuokZi.k LQVksa esa n`f"V esa fnxfoU;kl] fo'ys"k.k vfrfjDr n`f"VA
3- [kfut foKku%& fLVy jlk;u ds rRo ca/kd ds dkjA vk;ksuhsMh lgUOk; la[;k] vkblksekWfQZTe]
ikWfyekWfQZTe rFkk L;wMks ekWfQZTeA flyhdsV dk jpukRed oxhZdj.kA pku cukus okys [kfutksa dk foLr`r

22
 v/;;u] mudk HkkSfrd] jklk;fud rFkk dk'kh; xq.k rFkk muds ;ksx] ;fn dksbZ gks] bu [kfutksa ds
mRiknksa ds ifjorZuksa dk v/;;uA
4- lSyfoKku%& eSxek] bldk tuu] LoHkko rFkk la;kstuA ckbujh rFkk VuZjh i)fr dk lk/kkj.k Qst dk
Mk;xzke rFkk mudk egRo] oksfcu frf;k fl)kar] eSxesfVd fousnhdj.k] vkRe;kRdj.kA cukoV rFkk
lajpuk vkSj mudh ik"kk.k] mRifr] egRo] vkXus; pkuksa dk oxhZdj.k] Hkkjr ds egRoiw.kZ pku VkbZi dh
isVksxzkQh rFkk isVkstsusfll] xzsukbV~l] dkuksZdkbV~l] ,uksFkksZlkbVl rFkk {kkjh; pkuA
ryNV pkuksa ds cukoV dh f;k,] Mkbtsusfll rFkk fyfFkfQds'ku] cukoV rFkk lajpuk vkSj
mldk egRo] vkXus; pkuksa dk oxhZdj.k] DykfLVd rFkk uu&DyfLVdA Hkkjh [kfut vkSj mldk egRoA
teko Ik;kZoj.k ds vkjfEHkd fl)karA vkXus; dk vxzHkkx rFkk mRifk LFkku] lkekU; pku dkjksa ds
f'kykys[kA
:ikUrj.k dk ifjorZu] :ikUrj.k ds dkj] :ikUrfjd xszM] tksu rFkk vxzHkkxA ,lh,Q]
,ds,Q rFkk ,,Q,e vkfrA pkuksa ds :ikUrj.k dh cukoV] lajpuk rFkk ukekad.k] egRoiw.kZ pkuksa
ds f'kyk ;k 'kSy tuuA
5- vkfFkZd Hkw&foKku& dPps /kkrq dk fl)kar] /kkrq [kfut rFkk fo/kkrq] dPps /kkrq dh xfrfof/k] [kfut laxzgksa
dh cukoV dh f;k] dPps /kkrq dk oxhZdj.k] dPps /kkrq laxzg Kku dk fu;a=.k] esVkyhtsusfVd bihg]
egRoiw.kZ /kkrq laca/kh fcuk /kkrq laca/kh laxzg] rsy rFkk kfrd xSl] {ks=] Hkkjr ds dks;yk {ks=A Hkkjr dh
[kfut lEink] [kfut vFkZ] jk"Vh; [kfut uhfr] [kfutksa dh lqj{kk rFkk mi;ksfxrkA
6- ;qDr Hkw&foKku& vk'kktud vkSj ;a= dyk /kkurk,A [kuu foKku dh /kku i)fr] uewuk dPpk /kkrq
HkaMkj.k rFkk ykHk vfHk;kaf=d dk;ks esa Hkw&foKku dk ;ksxA
e`nk rFkk Hkwfexr ty & Hkw foKkuA fcgkj ds Hkwfexr ty ns'kA Hkw&oSKkfud xos"k.k esa ok;q lEcU/kh fp=ksa dk
;ksxA

15- bfrgkl
[k.M& I (Section- I)
Hkkx d && Hkkjr dk bfrgkl 760 bZloh lu~ rd
1- flU/kq lH;rk
mn~xe] foLrkj] eq[k fo'ks"krk,] egkuxj] O;kikj vkSj laca/k( gjkl ds dkj.k] mrjk thfork vkSj lkarRoA
2- oSfnd ;qx
oSfnd lkfgR;] oSfnd ;qx dk HkkSxksfyd {ks=] flU/kq lH;rk vkSj tSfod laLr ds chp vlekurk, vkSj
lekurk,A jktuhfrd] lkekftd vkSj vkfFkZd fr:Ik] egku /kkfeZd fopkj vkSj jhfr&fjoktA
3- ekS;Z dky ls iwoZ
/kkfeZd vkanksyu tSu] ckS) vkSj vU; /keZ lkekftd vkSj vkfFkZd fLFkfrA ex/k lkezkT; dk x.kra= vkSj
o`f)A
4- ekS;Z lkezkT;
lk/ku] lkezkT; 'kklu dk mn~Hko] o`f) vkSj iru] lkekftd vkSj vkfFkZd fLFkfr] v'kksd dh uhfr vkSj
lq/kkj dkyA
5- ekS;Z dky ds ckn 200 bZiw& 300 bZ
mkjh vkSj nf{k.kh Hkkjr esa eq[k jktoa'k] vkfFkZd vkSj lkekftd] laLr] kr vkSj rfey /keZ egk;ku
dk mn; vkSj bZ'ojoknh miklukA dyk xka/kkj] eFkqjk rFkk vU; Ldwy dsUh; ,f'k;k ls laca/kA
6- xqIr dky
xqIr lkezkT; dk mn; vkSj iru] cdkVdkl] 'kklu lekt vFkZO;LFkk] lkfgR; dyk vkSj /keZ nf{k.k iwoZ
,f'k;k ls laca/kA
7- xqIr dky ds Ik'pkr~ 500 bZ&700 bZ
iq';Hkwfrl] eks[kkfnl] muds Ik'pkr~ xqIr jktkA g"kZo/kZu vkSj mldk dky] cnkeh ds pkyqD;A iYyo]
lekt] 'kklu vkSj dykA vjc fot;A
8- foKku vkSj kS|ksfxdh] f'k{kk vkSj Kku dk lkekU; iqujh{k.kA
Hkkx [k& e/;;qxhu Hkkjr Hkkjr 750 bZ ls 1200 bZ rd
1- jktuhfrd vkSj lkekftd n'kk] jktiwr] mudh uhfr;k vkSj lkekftd lajpuk Hkw&lajpuk vkSj bldk
lekt Ikj HkkoA

23
2- O;kikj vkSj okf.kT;
3- dyk] /keZ vkSj n'kZu] 'kadjkpk;ZA
4- rVokhZ f;kdyki] vjch ls laca/k] vkilh lkaLfrd HkkoA
5- jk"Vdqy] bfrgkl esa mudh Hkwfedk] dyk vkSj laLfr esa ;ksxnku pksy lkezkT;] LFkkuh; Lok;r ljdkj]
Hkkjrh; xzke i)fr ds y{k.k] nf{k.k esa lekt vFkZO;oLFkk] dyk vkSj fo|kA
6- eqgEen xtuoh ds vke.k ls iwoZ Hkkjrh; lekt vyo:uh ds n`"VkUrA

Hkkjr 1200&1765

7- mkj Hkkjr esa fnYyh lqYrkuksa dh uhao] dkj.k vkSj ifjfLFkfr;k] Hkkjrh; lekt ij mldk HkkoA
8- f[kyth lkezkT;] lkFkZdrk vkSj vk'k;] 'kklfud vkSj vkfFkZd fofu;eu vkSj jkT; ,oe~ turk ij mudk
HkkoA
9- eqgEen fcu rqxyd ds v/khu jkT; uhfr;ksa vkSj 'kklfud fl)karksa dh uohu fLFkfr] fQjkst'kkg dh
/kkfeZd uhfr vkSj yksd&fuekZ.kA
10- fnYyh lYrur dk fo?kVu& dkj.k vkSj Hkkjrh; jktra= vkSj lekt ij bldk HkkoA
11- jkT; dk Lo:Ik vkSj fo'ks"krk& jktuhfrd fopkj vkSj laLFkk,] "kd lajpuk vkSj laca/k] 'kgjh dsUksa dh
o`f)] O;kikj vkSj y?kq okf.kT;] f'kYidkjksa vkSj "kdksa] uohu f'kYi] m|ksx vkSj k/kksfxdh Hkkjrh; vkS"kf/k;ksa
dh fLFkfrA
12- Hkkjrh; laLfr ij bLyke dk Hkko& eqfLye jgL;oknh vkanksyu] HkfDr larksa dh fr vkSj lkFkZdrk]
egkjk"V /keZA oS"o iqu:)kjdksa ds vkanksyuksa dh Hkwfedk] pSrU; vkanksyu dh lkekftd vkSj /kkfeZd
lkFkZdrk] eqfLye lkekftd thou ij fgUnq lekt dk HkkoA
13- fot; uxj lkezkT;] bldh mRifk vkSj o`f) dyk] lkfgR; vkSj laLfr esa ;ksxnku] lkekftd vkSj
vkfFkZd fLFkfr;k] 'kklu dh i)fr] fot; uxj lkezkT; dk fo?kVuA
14- bfrgkl ds lzksr] eq[k bfrgkldkjksas] f'kykys[kksa vkSj eaf=;ksa dk fooj.kA
15- mkj Hkkjr esa eqxy lkezkT; dh LFkkiuk& ckcj dh p<+kbZ ds le; fgUnqLrku esa jktuSfrd vkSj lkekftd
fLFkfr] ckcj vkSj gqek;aq] Hkkjrh; leq esa iqrZxkyh fu;a=.k dh LFkkiuk] blds jktuhfrd ,oa vkfFkZd
ifj.kkeA
16- lwj] jktuhfrd] jktLo vkSj vlSfud 'kkluA
17- vdcj ds v/khu eqxy lkezkT; dk foLrkj%& jktuSfrd ,drk] vdcj ds v/khu jktra= dk uohu Lo:Ik]
vdcj dk /kkfeZd jktuhfrd fopkj] xSj eqfLyeksa ds lkFk laca/kA
18- e/; dkyhu ;qx esa {ks=h; Hkk"kkvksa vkSj lkfgR; dh o`f)] dyk vkSj oLrqdyk dk fodklA
19- jktuhfrd fopkj vkSj laLFkk,] eqxy lkezkT; dh fr] Hkw&jktLo 'kklu] eulcnkjh vkSj tkxhjnkjh
i)fr;ka] Hkwfe lajpuk vkSj tehankjksa dh Hkwfedk] [ksrhgj laca/k] lSfud laxBuA
20- vkSjaxtsc dh /kkfeZd uhfr& nf{k.k esa eqxy lkezkT; dk foLrkj] vkSjaxtsc ds fo:) foksg] Lo:Ik vkSj
ifj.kkeA
21- 'kgjh dsUksa dk foLrkj& vkS|ksfxd vFkZO;oLFkk& 'kgjh vkSj xzkeh.k fons'kh O;kikj vkSj okf.kT;] eqxy vkSj
;wjksih; O;kikfjd dEifu;kA
22- fgUnw&eqfLye laca/k] ,dhdj.k dh o`fk&la;qDr laLfr 16oha ls 18oha 'krkCnhA
23- f'kokth dk mn;& eqxyksa ds lkFk mudk la?k"kZ] f'kokth dk 'kklu] is'kok 1707&1761 ds v/khu ejkBh
'kfDr dk foLrkj] Fke rhu is'kokvksa ds v/khu ejkBk jktuhfrd lajpuk] pkSFk vkSj ljns'keq[kh] ikuhir
dh rhljh yM+kbZ] dkj.k vkSj Hkko] ejkBk jkT; o la?k dk vkfoHkkZo] bldh lajpuk vkSj HkwfedkA
24- eqxy lkezkT; dk fo?kVu] uohu {ks=h; jkT; dk vkfoHkkZoA
[k.M& II (Section- II)
Hkkx ^^d** vk/kqfud Hkkjr 1757 ls 1947
1- ,sfrgkfld 'kfDr;k vkSj dkjd] ftudh otg ls vaxzstksa dk Hkkjr ij vf/kiR; gqvk] fo'sk"kr;k caxky]
egkjk"V vkSj fla/k ds lUnHkZ esa Hkkjrh; rkdrksa }kjk frjks/k vkSj mudh vlQyrkvksa ds dkj.kA
2- jktokM+ksa ij vaxzstksa dk eq[k dk fodkjA
3- mifuos'kokn dh voLFkk, vkSj 'kklfud <kaps vkSj uhfr;ksa esa ifjorZu jktLo] U;k; lekt vkSj f'k{kk
lEcU/kh ifjorZu vkSj fczfV'k vkSifuosf'kd fgrksa esa mudk laca/kA

24
4- fczfV'k vkfFkZd uhfr vkSj mudk Hkko] f"k dk okf.kT;hdj.k] xzkeh.k _.kxzLrrk] f"k Jfedksa dh o`f)]
nLrdkjh m|ksxksa dk fouk'k] lEifk dk iyk;u] vk/kqfud m|ksxksa dh o`f) rFkk iwathoknh oxZ dk mn;]
bZlkbZ fe'kuksa dh xfrfof/k;kA
5- Hkkjrh; lekt ds iquthZou ds Hkko] lkekftd /kkfeZd vkanksyu] lq/kkjdksa ds lkekftd] /kkfeZd]
jktuhfrd vkSj vkfFkZd fopkj vkSj mudh Hkfo"; n`f"V] mhloha 'krkCnh ds iqutkZxj.k dk Lo:Ik vkSj
mldh lhek,] tkfrxr vkanksyu fo'ks"kdj nf{k.k vkSj egkjk"V ds lUnHkZ esa] vkfnoklh foksg fo'ks"kdj
e/; rFkk iwohZ Hkkjr esaA
6- ukxfjd foksg& 1857 dk foksg] ukxfjd foksg vkSj "kd foksg fo'ks"kdj uhy cxkor ds laca/k eas]
nf{k.k ds naxs vkSj Hkksiyk cxkorA
7- Hkkjrh; jk"Vh; vkanksyu dk mn; vkSj fodkl& Hkkjrh; jk"Vokn ds lkekftd vk/kkj] kjfEHkd
jk"Vokfn;ksa vkSj mxz jk"Vokfn;ksa dh uhfr;k vkSj dk;Ze] mxz kafrdkjh ny] vkradoknh lkEnkf;drk
dk mn; vkSj fodklA Hkkjr dh jktuhfr esa xka/khth dk mn; vkSj muds tu&vkanksyu ds rjhds]
vlg;ksx lfou; voKk vkSj Hkkjr NksM+ks vkanksyu] VsM ;wfu;u vkSj fdlku vkanksyuA jktokM+ksa dh turk
ds vkanksyu] dkaxzsl lektoknh vkSj lkE;oknhA jk"Vh; vkanksyu ds fr fczVsu dh ljdkjh frf;k]
1909&1935 ds laoS/kkfud ifrorZuksa ds ckjs esa dkaxzsl dk :[k] vktkn fgUn QkSt 1946 dk ukSlsuk foksg]
Hkkjr dk foHkktu vkSj Lora=rk dh kfIrA

Hkkx ^^[k**& fo'o bfrgkl 1500&1950

d HkkSxksfyd [kkstksa& lkeUrokn dk iru] iwathokn dk kjEHk ;wjksIk esa iquthZou vkSj /keZ lq/kkj uohu
fujadq'k jktra=& jk"V jkT;ksn;A
if'peh ;wjksi esa okf.kfT;d kafr okf.kT;oknA
baxySaM esa lalnh; la?kksa dk fodklA rhl o"khZ; ;q)A ;wjksIk ds bfrgkl esa bldk egRoA
[k kal dk HkqRo&
fo'o ds oSKkfud n`f"Vdks.k dk mn;A oks/ku dk ;qx] vesfjdk dh kafr ,oe~ bldk egRoA
kal dh kafr rFkk uSiksfy;u dk ;qx 1789&1815] fo'o bfrgkl esa bldk egRoA if'peh ;wjksIk esa lq/kkjokn
rFkk tkra= dk fodkl 1815&1914] vkS|ksfxd kafr dk oSKkfud rFkk rduhdh i`"BHkwfe] ;wjksi ds vkS|ksfxd
kafr dh voLFkk,] ;wjksi esa lkekftd rFkk Je vkanksyuA
x fo'kky jk"V jkT;ksa dk lqn`<+hdj.k] bVyh dk ,dhdj.k] teZu lkezkT; dk vkcknhdj.kA vesfjdk dk
flfoy ;q)A 19oha vkSj 20oha 'krkCnh esa ,f'k;k rFkk vhdk esa mifuos'kokn rFkk lkezkT;oknA
phu rFkk if'peh 'kfDr;kA tkiku vkSj blds mn; dk cM+h 'kfDr ds :Ik esa vk/kqfudhdj.kA
;wjksih; 'kfDr;k rFkk vkskeu ,Eik;j 1815&1914-
Fke fo'o;q)& ;q) dk vkfFkZd rFkk lkekftd Hkko& isfjl laf/k 1919-
?k :l dh kafr 1917& :l esa vkfFkZd rFkk lkekftd iqu% fuekZ.k] bUMksusf'k;k] phu rFkk fgUn phu esa
jk"Voknh vkanksyuA
phu esa lkE;okn dk mn; vkSj LFkkiukA vjc lalkj esa tkx`fr] feJ esa Lok/khurk rFkk lq/kkj gsrq la?k"kZ] deky
varkrqdZ ds v/khu vk/kqfud rqdhZ dk vkfp/kkZuA vjc jk"Vokn dk mn;A
1929&32 dk fo'o oyuA sadfyu Mh :tosYV dk u;k O;ogkjA ;wjksi esa loZlkkokn] bVyh esa eksgokn] teZu
esa ukthoknA tkiku esa lSU;okn] f}rh; fo'o;q) ds mn~xe rFkk ifj.kkeA

25
 16- Je ,oe~ lekt dY;k.k
[k.M& I (Section- I)
Je fo/kku ,oa Je 'kklu
1- Je fo/kku ds fl)kar& Je fo/kku ds dkj
2- Hkkjr esa Je fo/kku dk laf{kIr bfrgkl
3- Hkkjrh; lafo/kku esa Je lEcU/kh mica/k
4- fuEufyf[kr Je vf/kfu;e( ;Fkk v|ru la'kksf/kr eq[; mica/k ,oa mudk ewY;kadu
d dkj[kkuk vf/kfu;e] 1948
[k U;wure etnwjh vf/kfu;e] 1948& fcgkj esa dk;kZUo;u
x etnwjh Hkqxrku vf/kfu;e] 1936
?k lekt ikfjJfed vf/kfu;e] 1976
deZdkj {kfriwfkZ vf/kfu;e] 1923
p lwfr fgrykHk vf/kfu;e] 1961
N deZpkjh jkT; chek vf/kfu;e] 1948
t miknku lank; vf/kfu;e] 1972
> cky Je fr"ks/k ,oa fofu;e vf/kfu;e] 1986
chM+h rFkk flxkj deZdkj fu;kstu dh 'krs vf/kfu;e] 1966
V fcgkj nwdku ,oa fr"Bku vf/kfu;e] 1953
5- varjkZ"Vh; Je laxBu] xBu] f;kdyki] varjkZ"Vh; Je ekudksa dk l`tu Hkkjrh; Je fo/kku ij HkkoA
6- fcgkj esa Je 'kkluA
[k.M& II (Section- II)
vkS|ksfxd lEcU/k ,oe~ lekt dY;k.k

1- vkS|ksfxd lEcU/k ,oe~ Je la?k] Hkkjr vkSj fcgkj ds lUnHkZ esa%&

d vkS|ksfxd lEcU/k & vo/kkj.kk] foLrkj {ks=] eq[; igywA
[k vkS|ksfxd fookn ,oa gM+rky& :i] dkj.k vkSj jksdFkke] vkS|ksfxd fookn lqy>kus ds fofHk rjhds]
lkewfgd lkSnsckth] vkS|ksfxd fookn vf/kfu;e] 1947-
x cU/k esa Jfedksa dh lgHkkfxrk& ms';] laLFkk,] orZeku fLFkfr] Hkkjr esa foQyrk ds dkj.kA
?k Hkkjr esa Je la?k& laf{kIr bfrgkl] dkj] ms'; ,oa kfIr dh fof/k;k] <kapk ,oa 'kklu] jktuSfrd yxko
,oa usr`Ro] fr}fU}rk ,oa ekU;rk dh leL;k] Je la?k vf/kfu;e] 1926-
vuq'kklu lafgrk ,oa vkpj.k lafgrkA
2- lekt dY;k.k ,oa lkekftd lqj{kk&
d lkekftd lqj{kk& vFkZ] {ks=] fr ,oa rjhds(
[k csjkstxkjh& vFkZ] dkj] dkj.k] nwj djus ds mik;] Hkkjr esa csjkstxkjh lEcU/kh fo'sk"k dk;Zde(
x fu/kZurk& vFkZ] dkj] ek=k] dkj.k] nwj djus ds mik;] Hkkjr ,oa fcgkj esa xzkeh.k fu/kZurk] mUewyu lEcU/kh
ljdkj ds fo'ks"k dk;ZeA
?k cky dY;k.k& ckydksa dh leL;k,] muds fy;s dY;k.k dk;Z(
efgyk dY;k.k& efgykvksa dh leL;k,] muds fy;s dY;k.k dk;Z(
p vuqlwfpr tkfr ,oa tu&tkfr dY;k.k& leL;k,] dY;k.k dk;Z(
N e|iku fu"ks/k& fcgkj esa fLFkfr(
t os';ko`fk& fr] dkj.k] Hkko] nwj djus ds mik;(
> fHk{kko`fk& fr] dkj.k] fcgkj esa fLFkfr(
fcgkj ljdkj ds lkekftd lqj{kk dk;Ze& o`)koLFkk isa'ku] vfu;kstu Hkkk] lewg chek] ca/kqvk Jfedksa dk
iquokZluA

26
 17- fof/k
[k.M& I (Section- I)
Hkkx& 1 Hkkjr dh laoS/kkfud fof/k
1- Hkkjrh;&lafo/kku dh frA blds ifjla?kh; Lo:Ik dh fofHk fo'ks"krk,A
2- ewy vf/kdkj] funs'kd rRo rFkk ewy vf/kdkjksa ds lkFk mudk laca/kA ewy drZO;(
3- lerk dk vf/kdkjA
4- okd~ Lora=rk vkSj vfHkO;fDr Lokra=; dk vf/kdkjA
5- k.k vkSj nSfgd Lora=rk dk vf/kdkjA
6- /kkfeZd] lkaLfrd rFkk 'kS{kf.kd vf/kdkjA
7- jk"Vifr dh laoS/kkfud fLFkfr rFkk eaf=ifj"kn~ ds lkFk laca/kA
8- jkT;iky vkSj mldh 'kfDr;kA
9- mPpre U;k;ky; vkSj mPp U;k;ky;] mudh 'kfDr;k rFkk vf/kdkfjrkA
10- la?k yksd lsok vk;ksx rFkk jkT; yksd lsok vk;ksx mudh 'kfDr;k ,sls R;A
11- uSlfxZd U;k; dk fl)kar(
12- la?k rFkk jkT;ksa ds chp fo/kk;h 'kfDr;ksa dk forj.k(
13- R;k;ksftr fo/kku& bldh laoS/kkfudrk] U;kf;d rFkk fo/kk;h fu;a=.kA
14- la?k rFkk jkT;ksa ds chp 'kklfud ,oa f}rh; laca/kA
15- Hkkjr esa O;kikj] okf.kT; vkSj lekxeA
16- vkikr mica/kA
17- flfoy deZpkfj;ksa ds fy;s lkafo/kkfud lqj{kkA
18- lalnh; fo'ks"kkf/kdkj vkSj mUeqfDr;kA
19- lafo/kku dk la'kks/kuA
varjkZ"Vh; fof/k
Hkkx& 2
1- varjkZ"Vh; fof/k dh frA
2- lzksr laf/k] :f<+] lH; jk"Vksa }kjk ekU;rk kIr fof/k ds lkekU; fl}kUr] fof/k fu/kkZj.k ds fy;s leuq"kaxh
lk/ku] varjkZ"Vh; vaxksa ds ladYi rFkk fof'k"V vfHkdj.kksa ds fofu;euA
3- vUrjkZ"Vh; fof/k rFkk jk"Vh; fof/k ds chp laca/kA
4- jkT; ekU;rk vkSj jkT; mkjkf/kdkjA
5- jkT;ksa ds jkT; {ks= vtZu dh jhfr;k] lhek,] varjkZ"Vh; ufn;kA
6- leq] vUrnsZ'kh; ty ekxZ] jkT; leq] {ks=h; lehiLFk ifj{ksrq egkf}ih; mi&rV] vuU; vkfFkZd ifj{ks=
rFkk jk"Vh; vf/kdkfjrk ls ijs leqA
7- vkdk'kh; {ks= rFkk foeku lapkyuA
8- ckg~; varfj{k] ckg~; varfj{k dh [kksth rFkk mi;ksxA
9- O;fDr] jk"Vh;Ro] jkT;ghurk] ekuoh; vf/kdkj] muds okZu ds fy, miyC/k frf;k;saA
10- jkT;ksa dh vf/kdkfjrk] vf/kdkfjrk dk vk/kkj] vf/kdkfjrk ls mUeqfDrA
11- R;.k rFkk 'kj.kA
12- jktuf;d fe'ku rFkk dkalqyh; inA
13- laf/k] fuekZ.k] mi;kstu rFkk Ik;ZolkuA
14- jkT; dk mkjnkf;RoA
15- la;qDr jk"V] blds eq[k vax] 'kfDr;ka vkSj R;A
16- fooknksa dk 'kakfriw.kZ fuiVkjkA
17- ty dk fof/kiw.kZ vkJ;] vke.k] vkRej{kk] e/;{ksiA
18- vk.kfod vL=ksa ds ;ksx dh oS/krk] vk.kfod vL=ksa ds ijh{k.k ij jksd] vk.kofd vpqjksn~Hkou laf/kA
[k.M& II (Section- II)
vijk/k vkSj viR; fof/k
I. vijk/k fof/k&
1- vijk/k dh ldYiuk% vkijkf/kd dk;Z] vijkf/kd eku] fLFkfr] LVSV;wV~jh vijk/kksa esa vkijkf/kd eu%fLFkfr]
n.M vkKkid n.Mkns'k] rS;kjh vkSj ;RuA

27
2- Hkkjrh; naM&lafgrk&
d lafgrk dk ykxw gksukA
[k lk/kkj.k vioknA
x la;qDr vkSj vkUof;d nkf;RoA
?k nq"sj.kA
vkijkf/kd "kM~;a=A
p jkT; ds fo:) vijk/kA
N yksd 'kkafr ds fo:) vijk/kA
t yksd lsodksa ls lacaf/kr vFkok muds }kjk vijk/kA
> ekuo 'kjhj ds fo:) vijk/kA
V lEifk ds fo:) vijk/kA
B fookg ls lacaf/kr vijk/k] iRuh ds fr ifr vFkok mlds lEcfU/k;ksa }kjk wjrkA
M ekugkfuA
3- flfoy vf/kdkj laj{k.k vf/kfu;e] 1955
4- ngst fr"ks/k vf/kfu;e] 1961
[kk| vifeJ.k fuokj.k vf/kfu;e] 1954
II. viR; fof/k
1- viR; nkf;Ro dh frA
2- =qfV ij vk/kkfjr nkf;Ro rFkk dBksj nkf;RoA
3- LVSV;wVj~ h nkf;RoA
4- R;k;qDr nkf;RoA
5- la;qDr viR; dkkZ
6- mipkjA
7- vis{kkA
8- vf/k"Bkrk dk nkf;Ro vkSj lajpukvksa ds ckjs esa mldk nkf;RoA
9- fujks/k vkSj ifroZru MsfVU;w ,.M duotZu
10- ekugkfuA
11- U;wlsalA
12- "kM~;a=A
13- feF;k dkjkokl vkSj nqHkkZoiw.kZ vfHk;kstuA
III. lafonk fof/k vkSj okf.kfT;d fof/k
1- lafonk fuekZ.kA
2- lEifk nwf"kr djus okys dkj.kA
3- 'kwU;] 'kwU;dj.kh;] voS/k vkSj vokZuh; djkjA
4- lafo/kkvksa dk vuqikyuA
5- lafonkRed ck/;rkvksa dh lekfIr] lafonk dk foQyhdj.kA
6- lafonk dYiA
7- lafonk Hkax ds fo:) mipkjA
8- eky fo; vkSj vo;A
9- vfHkdj.kA
10- Hkkxhnkjh dk fuekZ.k vkSj fo?kVuA
11- ijkE; fyf[krA
12- cSadj&xzkgd laca/kA
13- kbosV daifu;ksa ij ljdkjh fu;a=.kA
14- ,dkf/kdkj rFkk vojks/k O;kikfjd vf/kfu;e] 1969
15- miHkksDrk laj{k.k vf/kfu;e] 1986

28
 18- cU/k
[k.M& I (Section- I)
mEehnokjksa dks cU/k {ks= esa fodkl ds Kku dks O;ofLFkr fudk; ds :Ik esa v/;;u djuk pkfg, rFkk
mDr fo"k; ij eq[k inkf/kdkfj;ksa ds ;ksxnku ls i;kZIr :Ik esa ifjfpr jguk pkfg,A mUgsa cU/k dh Hkwfedk
dk;Z rFkk O;ogkj vkSj Hkkjrh; lUnHkZ esa fofHk ladYiukvksa rFkk fl)karksa dks lqlaxfr dk v/;;u djuk
pkfg,A bu lkekU; ladYiukvksa ds vfrfjDr mEehnokj dks O;olk; dh tkudkjh dk v/;;u djuk pkfg,
vkSj lkFk gh fu.kZ; djus ds lk/kuksa rFkk rduhdh dks tkuus dh dksf'k'k Hkh djuh pkfg,A
laxBukRed O;ogkj rFkk cU/k vo/kkj.kk;saA
laxBukRed O;ogkj dks le>us esa lkekftd] euksoSKkfud dkj.kksa dh egkkA vfHksj.kk fl)karksa dks
lqlaxfr eslyksa] gtZoxZ] esdxzsxj] esdxzsM vkSj vU; eq[; kf/kdkfj;ksa dk ;ksxnkuA usr`Ro esa vuqla/kku v/;;uA
oLrqijd cU/k] y?kq leqnk; rFkk vUrj leqnk; O;ogkjA ca/kdh; Hkwfedk] la?k"kZ rFkk lg;ksx] dk;Zekud rFkk
laxBukRed O;ogkj dh xfr'khyrk dks le>us ds fy, bu ladYiukvksa dk ;ksxA laxBukRed ifjorZuA
laxBukRed vfHkdYiuk% laxBu dh 'kkL=h;] uo'kkL=h; rFkk for&.kkyh fl)karA dsUh;dj.k]
fodsUh;dj.k] R;k;kstu] kf/kdkj rFkk fu;a=.kA laxBukRed <kapk .kkfy;k rFkk f;k,] ;qfDr;k] uhfr;k
rFkk ms';] fu.kZ; djuk] lapkj rFkk fu;a=.kA cU/k lwpuk .kkyh rFkk cU/k esa dEI;wVj dh HkwfedkA
vkfFkZd okrkoj.k%&
jk"Vh; vk;] fo'ys"k.k rFkk O;olkf;d iwokZuqeku esa bldk ;ksx Hkkjrh; vFkZ O;oLFkk] ljdkjh dk;Ze
rFkk uhfr;ksa dh o`fk rFkk <kapkA fu;ked uhfr;k eqk] fokh; RkFkk ;kstuk vkSj bl dkj dh o`gr~ uhfr;k
dk m|u fu.kZ;ksa vkSj ;kstukvksa ij Hkko ekx fo'ys"k.k rFkk iwokZuqeku] ykxr fo'ys"k.k] fofHk cktkj
lajpukvksa ds varxZr ewY; fu/kkZj.k fu.kZ; la;qDr mRiknksa dh ewY; fu/kkZj.k vkSj ewY; foHksn] iwathxr ctV
cukuk Hkkjrh; ifjfLFkfr;ksa ds vUrxZr ykxw djukA ifj;kstukvksa dk p;u rFkk ykxr ykHk fo'ys"k.k mRiknu
rduhdksa dk p;uA
ifj.kkRed i)fr;k%&
Dykfldks b"Vre ldy rFkk cgqy ifrorZu'khy dk egke rFkk y?kqke vojks/kksa ds vUrxZr b"Vre
vuq;ksx jSf[kd ksxzkeu leL;k fu:i.k js[kk fp=h; lek/kku] flEiysDl i)frA H;fu"Brk b"VreksijkUr
fo'ys"k.k iw.kkd k:Ik rFkk xfr'khy ksxzkeu ds vuq;ksx jSf[kd ksxzkeu ds ifjogu rFkk lguqns'ku fr:iksa
dk fu:Ik rFkk lek/kku dh i)fr;kA
lkaf[;dh; i)fr;k] dsUh; o`fk;ksa rFkk fofo/kkrkvksa ds ekif}in] kYi rFkk lkekU; fooj.k ds
vuq;ksxA dsyekyk& frijk;u rFkk llEcU/k midYiuk ds ijh{k.k tksf[ke esa fu.kZ; djukA fu.kZ;kdqyr
R;kf'kr eqk ewY; lwpuk dk egRo& dksbZ esg dk Ik'o] fo'ys"k.k ds fy, vuq;ksxA vfuf'prrk esa fu.kZ;
djukA b"Bre ;qfDr p;u gsrq fofHk ekun.MA
[k.M& II (Section- II)
Hkkx&1 foi.ku cU/k%
foi.ku rFkk vkfFkZd fodkl& foi.ku ladYiuk rFkk Hkkjrh; vFkZO;oLFkk esa k;ksT;rk] fodkl'khy
vFkZO;oLFkk ds lUnHkZ esa cU/k ds eq[; dk;Z& xzkeh.k rFkk 'kgjh foi.ku] mudh lEHkkouk, rFkk leL;k,A
vkUrfjd fu;kZr foi.ku ds lax esa vk;kstuk ,oa ;qfDr foi.ku dh ladYiuk& fefJr foi.ku vo/kkj.kk&
cktkj [k.Mhdj.k rFkk mRiknu ;qfDr;k& miHkksDrk vfHksj.kk vkSj O;ogkj& miHkksDrk O;ogkj] fr:Ik mRiknu
n.M] forj.k] yksd forj.k .kkyh] Hkko rFkk lao/kZuA
fu.kZ;& foi.ku dk;Zeksa dk vk;kstu rFkk fu;a=.k& foi.ku vuqla/kku rFkk fun'kZ&fch laxBukRed
xfr'khyrk& foi.ku lwpuk .kkyh] foi.ku ys[kk ijh{kk rFkk fu;a=.kA
fu;kZr ksRlkgu vkSj lao/kZukRed ;qfDr;k& ljdkj O;kikfjd la?kksa ,oa ,dy laxBuksa dh Hkwfedk& fu;kZr
foi.ku dh leL;k, rFkk lEHkkouk,A
Hkkx& 2 mRiknu rFkk lkexzh cU/kA

29
 cU/k dh n`f"V ls mRiknu ds ewyHkwr fl)karA fofuekZ.k .kkyh ds dkj& lrr vko`fkewydA vkUrjkf;d
mRiknu ds fy, laxBu] nh?kZdkyhu] iwokZuqeku vkSj lexz mRiknu ;kstukA la;a= vfHkdYiuk] lalk/ku]
vk;kstu] la;=
a vkdkj vkSj ifjpkyu dh ekie] la;a= vofoLFkfr] HkkSfrd lqfo/kkvksa dk vfHk;kal miLdj
frLFkkiu rFkk vuqj{k.kA
mRiknu vk;kstu rFkk fu;a=.k ds dk;Z vkSj fofHk dkj dh mRiknu .kkfy;ksa ds ekxZ fu/kkZj.k ynku
vkSj fu;kstuA vlsEcyh ykbZu larqyu] e'khu ykbZu larqyuA
lkexzh cU/k] lkexzh O;oLFkk] ewY; fo'ys"k.k] xq.k fu;a=.k] jh vkSj dqM+k&ddZV dk fuiVku] fuekZ.k ;k
; fu.kZ;] lafgrkdj.k] ekudhdj.k vkSj vfrfjDr iwtks dh lwph dh Hkwfedk vkSj egRoA

lwph fu;a=.k& ,chlh fo'ys"k.k ek=k iqujko`fk fcUnq fujkin LVkWdA f}&fcu .kkyhA jh cU/kA iwfkZ rFkk
fuiVku egkfuns'kky; esa ; f;k rFkk f;kfof/kA
Hkkx& 3 fokh; cU/k%
fokh; fo'ys"k.k ds lkekU; midj.k% vuqikr fo'ys"k.k] fuf/k okg fo'ys"k.k] ykxr ifjek.k ykHk fo'ys"k.k]
udnh vk;&O;;] fokh; vkSj ifjpkyu 'kfDr funs'k% fu.kZ; Hkkjr ds fo'ks"k lUnHkZ esa iwathxr O;; cU/k dh
dk;Zokgh ds pj.k fuos'k] ewY;kadu dk ekun.M] iwath ykxr rFkk lkoZtfud ,oa futh {ks= esa bldk vuq;ksx
fuos'k fu.kZ;ksa esa tksf[ke fo'ys"k.k] iawthxr O;; ds cU/k dk laxBukRed ewY;kaduA
fok cU/k fuekZ.k% Qeks dh fokh; vis{kkvkas dk vkdyu] fokh; lajpuk dk fu/kkZj.k iwath cktkj] Hkkjr ds
fo'ks"k lUnHkZ esa fuf/k gsrq laLFkkxr la?k] frHkwfr fo'ys"k.k] is ij rFkk mi lafonk ij nsukA
dk;Zxr iwath cU/k% dk;Zxr iwath ds vkdkj dk fu/kkZj.k] dk;Zxr iwath esa tksf[ke] udnh cU/k] eky lwph
rFkk kfIr ds ys[kk lEc) ca/kdh; n`f"Vdks.k dk cU/k djuk] dk;Zxr iwath cU/k ij eqkLQhfr ds HkkoA
vk; fu/kkZj.k rFkk fooj.k% vkUrfjd fok O;oLFkk] ykHkka'k uhfr dk fu/kkZj.k] ewY;kadu rFkk ykHkka'k uhfr ds
fu/kkZj.k esa eqkLQhfr o`fk;k dk vk'k;A
Hkkjr ds fo'ks"k lUnHkZ esa lkoZtfud {ks= dk fokh; cU/kA
ctV fu"iknu vkSj fokh; ys[kk&tks[kk ds fl)karA cU/k fu;a=.k dh .kkfy;kA
Hkkx& 4 ekuo lapkyu ca/k%
ekuo lalk/kuksa dh fo'ks"krk, vkSj egRo] dkfeZd uhfr;k] tu 'kfDr] uhfr vksj vk;kstuk & HkkhZ rFkk
p;u rduhd& f'k{k.k vkSj fodkl& inksUufr;k vkSj LFkkukUrj.k] fu"iknu ewY;kadu& dk;Z ewY;kadu etnwjh
vkSj osru 'kklu] deZpkfj;ksa dk eukscy vkSj vfHksj.kk] la?k"kZ cU/k] cU/k esa ifrorZu vkSj fodklA
vkS|ksfxd laca/k] Hkkjr dh vFkZO;oLFkk vkSj lekt] Hkkjr esa VsM ;wfu;uokn] vkS|ksfxd fookn vf/kfu;e
vnk;xh] vf/kfu;e] cksul] VsM ;wfu;u vf/kfu;e ds fo'ks"k lUnHkZ esa Je fo/kk;u] cU/k esa vkS|ksfxd tkra=
vkSj Jfedksa dh lk>snkjh] lkewfgd lkSnsckth] le>kSrk vkSj fu.kZ;] m|ksx esa vuq'kklu rFkk f'kdk;rksa dh
ns[kjs[kA

30
 19- xf.kr
-----------------------------------
[k.M I rFkk [k.M II esa ls fdlh ,d [k.M ls rhu ls vf/kd 'uksa ds mkj ugha nsus gksaxsA
[k.M& I (Section- I)
jSf[kd chtxf.kr
lfn'k lekf"V] vk/kkj] ifjfertfur lef"V dh foHkk] jSf[kd] :ikUrj.k] jSf[kd LFkkukUrj.k dh tkfr ,oa
'kqY;rk] dSyh gsfeYVu eso] vfHky{kf.kd eku rFkk vfHky{kf.kd lfn'kA
jSf[kd :ikurj.k dk vkO;:g afDr rFkk LrEHk la;a=.k] lksikud :iA rqY;rk] loksZxlerk rFkk mi:irk]
fofgr :iksa esa leku;uA
ykfEcd] lefer] fo"k;&lefer] ,sfdd] gfeZVh rFkk fo"ke gfeZVh vkC;wg] mudk vfHky"k.kd eku] f}ikrh
rFkk gfeZVh :ikdsa] yfEcd rFkk ,sfd leku;uA /kukRed fuf'pr f}ikrh :i] lgdkfyd leku;uA
dSydqyl
okLrfod la[;k,] lhek,] lkrR;] vod~yuh;rk] ek/;eku] es;] Vsyj es;] vfuok;Z :i] mfPp"B rFkk
vfYi"V ork vuqjs[k.k] vuUrLi'khZA cgqpj Qyu] vkaf'kd vod~yt] mfPp"B rFkk vfYi"V] tdkoh;A fuf'pr
rFkk vfuf'pr lekdyA f}'k% RkFkk f='k% lekdy dsoy frfof/k;k chVk rFkk xkek Qyuksa esa vuq;ksxA
{ks=Qy vk;ru xq#Ro dsUA
nks vkSj rhu foHkkvksa dh oS'ysf"kd T;kfefr
dkkhZ; rFkk /kzqoh; funs'kkadksa esa nks foHkkvksa esa igyh vkSj nwljh fMxzh ds lehdj.kA ,d vkSj nks ijrksa ds
lery] xksyd ij cy;t] nh?kZo`kt ij vfriapys;u rFkk muds kjfEHkd xq.k/keZA
lef"V esa ork] ork rFkk ejksM+A susV ds lw=A
vody lehdj.k%& vody lehdj.k dh dksfV rFkk ?kkr Fke dksfV rFkk Fke ?kkr dk lehdj.k] i`Fkj.kh;
pj le/kkr] jSf[kd rFkk ;Fkkor~ vod~y lehdj.kA vpj xq.kkadksa lfgr vod~y lehdj.kA
eax, cosax , sinax,xm, eax , cosbx, eax, sinbx ds iwjd Qyu rFkk fo'ks"k lekdyA
lkafn'k fn'k] LFkSfrdh xfrdh rFkk oLFkSfrdhA
(i) lafn'k fo'ys"k.k& lafn'k chtxf.kr] vkfn'kpj ds lafn'k Qyu dk vod~yyq] o.krk] MkbZotsZUl] dkrhZ;]
csyuh vkSj xksyh; funs'kkadksa esa MkbotsZUl rFkk Dys muds HkkSfrd fuoZpuA mPprj dksfV vod~ytA lfn'k
rRled rFkk lanh'kdj.k] xkml rFkk LVksDl es;A
(ii) fn'k fo'ys"k.k& fn'k dh ifjHkk"kk] funs'kkadksa dk :ikarj.k] frifjorhZ vkSj lgifjorhZ fn'kA fn'kksa dk
;ksx vkSj xq.ku fn'kksa dk ldqpu] vkUrj xq.kuQy] ewy fn'k] fLVksQy rhd] lgifjorhZ vod~yu]
fn'k ladsru es o.krk] dy rFkk MkbotsZUlA
(iii) LFkSfrdh& d.k fudk; dk larqyu] dk;Z vkSj foHko mtkZ] ?k"kZ.k] dkeu dkWVujh] dfYir dk;Z ds fl)karA
larqyu dk LFkkf;Ro] rhu foHkkxksa esa cy dk lkE;A
(iv) xfrdh& Lora=rk vkSj vojks/kksa dh dksfV] ljy js[kh; xfr] ljy vkorZ xfrA lery ij xfr] {kseh]
O;oLFkk xfr dk;Z rFkk mtkZA vkosxh cyksa ds v/khu xfrA dsiyj fu;e] dsUh; cyksa ds v/khu d{kk,A
ifjokh O;eku dh xfrA frjks/k ds gksrs gq, xfrA
(v) o LFkSfrdh& xq# rjyksa dh nkcA cyksa ds fu/kkZfjr fudk;ksa ds vUrxZr rjyksa dk larqyuA nkc dsUA cd
lrgksa ij .kksnA Iyoeku fiaMksa dh larqyu] larqyu LFkkf;Ro vkSj xSlksa dks nko ok;qeaMy lEcU/kh
leL;k,A
[k.M& II (Section- II)
Hkkx ^^d**
chtxf.kr] okLrfod fo'ys"k.k] lfe= fo'ys"k.k] vkaf'kd vod~y lehdj.kA
Hkkx ^^[k**
;kaf=dh oxfrdh] la[;kRed fo'ys"k.k kf/kDrk lfgr lkaf[;dh] lf; foKkuA

31
chtxf.kr
lewg] mi lewg] lkekU; mi&lewg] mi lewgksa dh lekdkfjrk foHkkx] lewgA vk/kksjh rqY;kdkfjrk es;q]
flyksa es;] ep; lewg] dSyh es;] oy; rFkk xq.kkoyh] eq[; xq.kkoyh kar] vf}rh; xq.ku [kaM kar rFkk
;wfDyMh; kUr] {ks= foLrkj] ifjfer {ks=A okLrfod fo'ys"k.kA
nwjhd lef"V% nwjhd lef"V esa vuqe ds fo'ks"k lUnHkZ lfgr mudh lkaf[;dh dks'kh vuqxze] iw.kZrk] iwfkZ]
lrr Qyu] ,d leku ekuR;] lagr leqPp;ksa ij lrr Qyuksa ds xq.k&/keZA jheku LVksYts lekdy]
varrlekdy rFkk muds vfLrRo frca/k cgqpj iyuksa ds vod~yu] vLi"V iyu es;] mfPp"B rFkk vfyi"B]
okLrfod rFkk lafEJ inksa dh Jsf.k;ksa dk fujis{k vkSj lfrca/kh vf/kljvk] Jsf.k;ksa dh iw.kZ O;oLFkk] ,d leku
vfHklj.k] vuar xq.kuQy] lkrRo Jsf.k;ksa ds fy, vod~yuhxrk vkSj lekdyuh;rk cgqlekdyA
lfEe.ka fo'ys"k.k& o'kSysf.kd Qyu] dks.kksa] es;] Dykmph dkWoh lekdy lw=/kk; Jsf.k;k] Vsyj Jsf.k;k
fofp=rk,] dks.kksa vo'ks"k es;] ifjjs[kk lekdyuA
vkaf'kd vod~y lehdj.k%
vkaf'kd vod~y lehdj.kksa dk fojpu] Fke dksfV ds vkaf'kd vod~y lehdj.kksa] lekDyksa ds dkj 'kkafiVZ
fof/k;k] vpj xq.kkadksa lfgr vkaf'kd vod~y lehdj.kA
;kaf=dh
O;kihr funsZ'kkad] O;ojks/k] gksyksukseh vkSj xSj gksyksukseh fudk;] fM ,yEoVZ fl)kar rFkk yxzkUt
lehdj.k] tM+Ro vkiw.kZ] nks foHkkxksa esa n`<+ fiaMksa dh xfrA oxfrdhA
lkrR; lehdj.k] laosx vkSj mtkZA
v';ku okg fl)kar
f}foHkh; xfr] vfHkJo.k xfr Lrks= vkSj vfHkxeA
la[;kRed fo'ys"k.k
vchathi rFkk cgqin lehdj.k& lkj.kh;u fof/k] f}Hkktu feF;kA fLFkfr fof/k] Nsnd rFkk U;wVu& jkQlu
vkSj blds vfHklj.k dh dksfVA
vUrosZ'ku rFkk la[;kRed vod~yu& lkeku ;k vleku lksiku vkeki lfgr cgqin vUrosa'kuA Liykbu
varosZ'ku D;wfod LiykbuA =qfV inksa lfgr la[;kRed vod~yu l=A
la[;kRed lekiyu%& le varjkyh dks.kkdksa lfgr lfPpdV {ks=Qy lw= dkmlh {ks=Qy vfHklj.kA
lk/kkj.k vod~y lehdj.k& vkFkyj fof/k] cgqlksiku koDrk la'kks/kd] fof/k;k ,sMe vkSj feYys dh fof/k]
fHkadj.k vkSj LFkkf;Ro] :axs&dqV~Vk fof/k;kA
kf;Drk vkSj lkaf[;dh
1- lkaf[;dh fof/k;k%& lkaf[;dh lef"V vkSj ;koqfPNd frn'kZ ds L;;A rF;ksa dk laxzg vkSj
Lrqrhdj.kA voLFkku vkSj ifj{ksi.kA ekiA vki.kZ vkSj 'ksiMZ lalk/ku iapoks fo"kerk vkSj ddqnrk ekiA
U;wure oxks }kjk o vklatu] lekJo.k] lg laca/k vkSj lg laca/k vuqikr dksfV lg laca/k vkaf'kd
lg&laca/k xq.kkad vkSj cgq lg&laca/k xq.kkadA
2- kf;Drk& vlaxrr frn'kZ lef"V] vuqo`k mudk lfEefyr vkSj loZfu"B vkfnA kfFkDrk& fljLejk
lkis{k okjEckjrk vkSj vfHkx`ghrh n`f"Vdks.k] lkalR;d eas kf;Drk] kf;Drk lef"V] lfrca/k] kf;Dr vkSj
Lora=; kf;Drk ds cqfu;knh fu;e vuqo`r la;kstu] dh kFkfedrk ck;s fl)akr ok)fPNd] pj
kfoDlkQyu kf;Drk /kuRo Qyu] canu iyu xf.krh; R;k'kh] mikUr vkSj lfrca/k R;k'kkA
3- kf;Drk NaVu& fnin I;klksa] lkekU; xkek chVk] dkW'kh cgqinhi gkbZij T;kseSfVd] _.kkRed f}in]
o`gr~ la[;kvksa dk 'ksfc'ks ysek fu;e] fu;e Lora= rFkk milf"V;ksa ds fy;s ifjlhekes;] ekud =qfV;k]
Vh,Q rFkk dkbZ&oxZ ds frn'kksZa cVu rFkk lkFkZdrk ijh{k.kksa esa mudk mi;ksxA ek/;e vkSj lekuqikr
gsrq o`gr~ frn'kZ ijh{k.kA
lf;k fo}ku
xf.krh; ksxzeu%& voeq[k leqPp;h dh ifjHkk"kk vkSj dqN kFkfed xq.k/keZ leqpe fofLFk;k] vi<+"Vrk] }Sr
rFkk lqxzZfgrk fo'ys"k.k] vk;rh; [ksy vkSj muds gy] ifjogu vkSj fu;e leL;k] vjSfod ksxzkeu ds fy, dqgk
Vdj frca/kA csyeSu dk g.kZueRo fu;e vkSj xR;ked ksxzke ds dqN kFkfed vuq;ksxA

32
iafDr fl}kar& I;klks vkxkeh rFkk pjrkadh lsokbZ dky ds lkFk iafDr .kkyh dh LFkk;h voLFkk ,oa tfid
gy dk fo'ys"k.kA
fu/kkZj.kkRed frLFkkiu fun'kZ] nks e'khuksa dk;ks] 3 eghuksa dk;ks fo'ks"k dj.k rFkk e'khuksa nks dk;ks lfgr
vuqe.k leL;k,A

20- ;kaf=d bathfu;jhax

[k.M& I (Section- I)
LoSfrdh & rhuksa foHkkxksa lke;koLFkk fuyEcu ds fcy dfYir dk;Z ds fl}karA
xfrdh& lkis{k xfr dksfjvksfyl cy] fdlh n`<+ fiaM dh xfr /k`.kkLFkk;h xfr vkosxA
e'khuksa ds fl}kar mPprj vkSj fuEurj ;qXe] fryksHku] LVh;fjax ;a=koyh] gqd~l tksM+ ca/kksa dk osx vkSj rRoj.k
tM+Ro cyA dse fxvfjax vkSj O;frdj.k esa la;qXeh dk;Z] xhvj Vsu vf/kdh; xh;jA Dyp ik pkyu] czsd
cyekih lap;h fu;ked] /kw.khZ vkSj R;kxkeh O;eku vkSj cgqosyuh baftu dk larqyuA Lora=rk dh ,Dt dksfV
gsrq eqDr .kksnr vkSj volafnr dEiuA Lora=rk dh dksVh kafrd pky vkSj dqid tykos/ksuA
fiaM cy foKku] f}foHkkvksa esa frcy vkSj fod`frA eksj o`kA foiyu fl)kar] fdj.kiqat fo{ksi.k dkye
vkdqpuA la;qDr oaDr vkSj oeksVu] dsfLVXysiks is;] eksVs csyu okyh /k`.kh pf=dkA ladqp vkJ;] rkih;
frcyA
fuekZ.k foKku& ekpsZUV fl)kar] Vsyj lehjd.kA ;a=kuqdwyrk] :<+ e'khuu i)rh;] ftlesa bZMh,e]
bZlh,e vkSj ijkJO; e'khu lfEefyr gks] ysljksa vkSj Iyktekvksa dk ;ksx] la:i f;kvksa dk fo'ys"k.k] mPp
csx :i.k] foLQksV :i.kA i`"B j{krk ekiu] rqycz ftx vkSj fQDlpjA
mRiknu cU/k& dk;Z ljyhdj.k dk;Z frp;u] eku bathfu;jh js[kk la?k larqyu dk;Z dsU vfHkdEiuA
la?klwu LFkku vko';drk,] ,chlh fo'ys"k.k] vkfFkZd O;oLFkk] ftlesa ifjfer mRikn nj lfEefyr gksA jsf[kd
ksxzkle gsrq vkjs[kh; vkSj ,d/kkcf/k;k ifjogu funs'k] ,yhesaVjh ;gca F;ksjhA xq.koDrk] fu;a=.k vkSj mRikn
vf/kdYiuk esa buds ;ksx ,Dl] vkj] ihflXek vkSj lh pkVZ dk ;ksx ,dy frp;u ;kstu pkyu
vfHky{kf.kd o ek/; frn'khZ vkeki lekJ;.k fo'ys"k.kA
[k.M& II (Section- II)
m"ekxfrdh& m"ekxfrdh ds Fke vkSj f}rh; fu;eksa ds vuq;ksxA m"ekxfrdh pksa ds foLr`r fo'ys"k.kA
ljy ;kaf=dh& lkrR; laosx vkSj lehdj.kA Lrfjr vkSj {kC/k okg esa osx forj.k foHkh; fo'ys"k.k] piVk]
IysV lhek] ijr:nh"e vkSj le,UVkfid okg Hkko la[;kA
m"ek LFkkukUrj.k& jks/ku dh dkafrd eksVkbZ] rki L=ksrksa vkSj fuiTtuksa dh mifLFkfr esa pSyu i{kdksa ls m"ek
LFkkukUrj.kA ,d foek vLFkk;h pkyrA rki oS|qr~ ;qXeksa gsrq Dykad piVh IysV ijA
lhek ijrksa ds fy, laosx vkSj mtkZ lehdj.k fcuk jfgr la[;k, eqDr vkSj 'kksfnr laogu Do/ke vkSj o.k
fofdj.k m"ek dk Lo:Ik LVhQu&cksYteku fu;e foU;kl xq.kd% xq.kkskj ek/; rkieku& vUrj m"ek fofue;
Hkkfor vkSj LFkkukarj.k ,ksa dh la[;kA
mtkZ :ikarj.k & lhvkbZ vkSj ,lvkbZ baftuksa esa ogu ifj?kVuk dkjcqjs'ku vkSj bZa/ku var{ksi.k] iEi
p;u] tyh; Vjckbuksa dk oxhZdj.k fof'k"V pSy] laihMd dk dk;Z fu"iknu] Hkki vkSj xSlVjokbuksa dk
fo'ys"k.k mPp nkc Do/kd 'kfDr v:<+ 'kfDr .kkfy;k ftlesa ijek.kq 'kfDr vkSj ,e,pMh .kkfy;k
lfEefyr gSaA lkSj tkZ dk fofu;kstuA
okrkoj.k fu;a=.k & ok"i] laihMu] vo'kks"k.k Hko&tsV vkSj ok;q 'khru .kkfy;k eq[k 'khrdksa ds
xq.k/keZ vkSj vfHky{.k lkbZdksesfVd pkVZ vkSj dEQVZ pkVZ dk mi;ksxA 'khryu vkSj rkiu Hkkj dk vkdyuA
iwfkZ ok;q n'kk vkSj nj dk ifjDyu okrkuqdwyu la;a= dk [kkdkA

33
 21- n'kZu 'kkL=
[k.M& I (Section- I)
rRoehekalk vkSj Kkuehekalk
mEehnokjksa ls vis{kk dh tkrh gS fd mUgsa fuEufyf[kr fo"k;ksa ds fo'ks"k lUnHkZ esa& Hkkjrh; vkSj ik'pkR;
Kkuehekalk rFkk rRo ehekalk ds fl)karksa rFkk dkjksa dh tkudkjh gks%&
d ik'pkR;&vkn'kZokn] ;FkkFkZokn] fujis{kokn] bafn;kuq Hkookn] rdZcqf}ckn] rkfdZd R;{kokn] fo'ys"k.k
laofk'kkL= vfLrRookn vkSj vFkksf;koknA
[k Hkkjrh;& ek.k vkSj ek.;] lR; vkSj =qfV ds fl)kar] Hkk"kk vkSj vFkZ dk n'kZu] n'kZu dh eq[k i)fr;k
:f<+okn vkSj :f<+eqDr .kkfy;ksa ds lUnHkZ esa ;FkkFkZokn ds fl)karA
[k.M& II (Section- II)
lkekftd jktuSfrd n'kZu vkSj /keZ n'kZu
1 n'kZu dk Lo:i] bldk thou fopkj vkSj laLd`fr ls laca/kA
2 Hkkjr ds lkjs] fo'ks"kdj Hkkjrh; lafo/kku ds fo'ks"k lUnHkZ esa fuEufyf[kr fo"k;] ftuesa Hkkjrh; lafo/kku
lfEefyr gks& jktuhfrd fopkj/kkjk,] tkra=] lektokn] QkflLVokn] /keZra= lkEokn vkSj loksZn;A
jktuhfrd f;kfof/k dh i)fr;k] lafo/kkuokn] kafr] vkradokn vkSj lR;kxzgA
3 Hkkjrh; lkekftd laLFkkvksa ds lanHkZ esa ijEijk] ifjorZu vkSj vk/kqfudrkA
4 /kkfeZd Hkk"kk vkSj vFkZ dk n'kZuA
5 /keZ n'kZu dk Lo:Ik vkSj {ks=] ckS) /keZ] tSu /keZ] fgUnq /keZ] bLyke /keZ] bZlkbZ /keZ vkSj flD[k /keZ ds
fo'ks"k lUnHkZ esa /keZ dk n'kZuA
d /keZ'kkL= vkSj /keZ n'kZuA
[k /kkfeZd fo'okl ds vk/kkj ij rdZu] jgL;ksn~?kkVu] fu"Bk vkSj jgL;oknA
x bZ'oj] vkRek dh vejrk] eqfDr vkSj cqjkbZ rFkk iki dh leL;kA
?k /keZ dh lekurk] ,drk vkSj loZO;kidrk] /kkfeZd lfg".kqrk /keZ ifjorZu /keZ fujis{krkA
6 eks{kk& eks{k kfIr ds i{kA

22- HkkSfrdh
[k.M& I (Section- I)
;a= foKku] rkih; HkkSfrdh vkSj rjax rFkk nksyu
1- ;a= foKku
laj{kh fof/k] la?kVu] fr/kkr iSjkehVj dh.kZu ifj{ks=] HkkSfrd jkf'k;ksa ds :ikUrj.k ds lkFk O;eku rFkk
;ksx'kkyk i)fr ds dsU] jnjQksMZ] dh.kZu ,d leku cy {ks= esa ,d jkWdsV dh xfr lanfHkZr ?kq.khZ ra=]
dksfj;ksfyl cy] n`<+ fiaMksa dh xfr] dksuh; laosx] yq dk ,sBu rFkk 'kks/ku] /kq.kk{kLFkk;h] dsUh; cy] O;qRe
oxZ fu;e ds varxZr xfr] dsIyj fof/k rqY;dkjh mixzg lesr] mixzgksa dh xfrA xSyhyh; vkisf{kdh]
visf{kdrk dk fo'ks"k fl)kar] ekbdsylu&ekjsys ;ksx] yksjsUV~l :ikUrj.k osxksa dk ;ksx es;A osx ds lkFk
O;eku dh fofo/krk] O;eku tkZ rqY;rk] ljy&xfrdh] okg js[kk] {kkse] ljy vuq;ksx ds lkFk ojukSyh
lehdj.kA
2- rkih; HkkSfrdh
m"ekxfrdh ds fu;e] ,UVih] dkuksZV p] lerkih rFkk :nks"e ifjorZuA m"ekxfrd foHkkx] eSDlosy ds
lw=] DykWfl;l&Dysisjku lehdj.k] mRe.kh; lsy] twy&dsfYou Hkko] LVhQu&cksYVteSu fu;e] xSlksa dk
vk.kqxfr fl)kar] esDlcsy dk osx fooj.k] fu;e mtkZ dk lefoHkktu] xSlksa dh fof'k"V m"ek] vkSlr eqDr iFk
czkmuh xfr] d`f"ijdk fofdj.k] Bksl oLrqvksa dh fof'k"V m"ek &vkbUlVkbu ,oa MokbZ fl)kar] chu&fu;e]
IySad fu;e] lkSj xq.kkad] rkih; vk;uu rFkk rkjdh; LisDVeA :/kks"e fopadcu rFkk ruqrk 'khru dks ;ksx
}kjk fuEu rki dk mRiknuA _.kkRed rkieku dh /kkj.kkA

34
3- rjax rFkk nksyu
nksyu] ljy vkorZxfr] vxkeh rFkk xkeh rjaxsa] vkoeafnr vkorZ xfr] .kksfnr nkseu rFkk vuqukn rjax
lehdj.k] gkeksZfud lek/kku] lery ,oa xksyh; rjaxsa] rjaxksa dk v/;kjksi.k] dyk ,oa xzqi osx] fuLian] gkbxu
fu;e] O;frdj.kA foorZu& Qsuy ,oa QkuksQjA lh/ks dksj }kjk fookZu] ,dy rFkk cgqxqf.kr js[kk.k fNA
xzsfVax ,oa dkf'kr ;a=ksa dh foHksnu {kerk] joys fudk;] /kzqohdj.k] /kzqfor dk'k dk vfHkKku rFkk mRiknu
jsf[kd] o`rkdkj rFkk v)Zo`kh;A yslj m|e ghfy;e&fUk;ksu] :ch rFkk v/kZpkyd Mk;ksM] LFkkfud ,oa
dkfyd lac)rk] Qwfj;j :ikUrj.k ds :i esa fourZu] Qsuy rFkk QkuksQj vk;rkdkj rFkk o`kh; fNksa ls
fuokZuA gksyhxzkQh] fl)kar rFkk vuq;ksxA
[k.M& II (Section- II)
fo|qr~ ,oa pqEcdRo vk/kqfud HkkSfrdh rFkk bysDVksfudhA
1- fo|qr~ ,oa pqEcdRo
dksyEc fu;e] fo|qr~ {ks=] xkWl fu;e] fo|qr~ foHko lekax ijk oS|qr~ ds ckjs esa I;klksa rFkk ykIykl dk
lehdj.kA ,d leku {ks= esa vukosf'kr pkyd xksykA fcUnq vkos'k rFkk vuUr pkyd ry A pqEcdh; Dop
pqEcdh; sj.kk rFkk {ks= rhczrkA ck;ksV&lkoVZ fu;e rFkk vuq;ksxA fo|qr~&pqEcdh; sj.kk] QSjkMs vkSj ysUt
fu;e] Lor% rFkk ikjLifjd sj.kk R;korhZ /kkjk] ,ylhvkj ifjiFk] Js.kh vkSj lekukUrj vuqokn ifjiFk
xq.krkdkjd] fdjpksQ fu;e rFkk vuq;ksxA esDlcsy lehdj.k rFkk fo|qr~ pqEcdh; rjaxsa] fo|qr~ pqEcdh; rjaxas
dh vuqLr d`fr IokbafVax osDVj lkfn'k O; esa pqEcdh; {ks= & Mk;k] iSjk] ykSg vkSj vykSg pqEcdRo dsoy
xq.kkRed mixeuA
2- vk/kqfud HkkSfrdh
cksj dk gkbMkstu ijek.kq fl)kar] bysDVku pj.k] dk'kh; vkSj ,Dlfdj.k LisDVe] LVuZ&xyjSd ;ksx vkSj
fnf'kd DokUV;hdj.kA ijek.kq dk osDVj ekMy] LisDVeh in] LisDVeh js[kkvksa dh lw{e lajpuk] ,y,l eqEeu
theku Hkko] ikWyh dk vkotZu fl)kar] nks rqY;eku vkSj vrqY;eku bySDVkuksa ds LisDVih inA bysDVkfud
csUM LisDV dk LFkwy vkSj lw{e lajpuk] jkeu Hkko] dk'k fo|qr~ Hkko] dkEiVu Hkko] fn czkxyh rjaxas d.k
rjax }Srokn vkSj vfuf'prrk fl)kar 1 ,d oDl ds vUnj d.k] 2 ,d lksiku chHko ds ikj xfr ds
vuq;ksx ds lkFk LksfMUxj rjax lehdj.kA ,d foHkh; ljy vkorhZ nksyd vfHky{kf.kd eku vkSj vfHkyf{kd
QyuA vfuf'prrk fl)kar] jsfM;ks ,fDVork] ,YQk] chVk vkSj xkek fofdj.kA ,YQk {k; dk kjafHkd fl)karA
U;wDyh; cU/ku mtkZ] O;eku LisDVksLdksih] v)Z vkuqHkfod lagfr lw=A ukfHkdh; fo[k.Muk vkSj lay;u] ewy
fj,DVj HkkSfrdhA ewy d.k vkSj mudk oxhZdj.kA cy ,oa nqcy fo|qr~ pqEcdh; ikjLifjd f;k d.kkRofj=
lkbDyksVku] jSf[kd Rojd vfrpkydrk dh ewy /kkj.kkA
3- bySDVkWfudh
Bksl inkFkksZa dk cSM fl)kar & pkyd fo|qr~] jks=h vkSj v)Z&pkyd] vkUrfjd vkSj okg~; v)ZpkydA ih&,u
laf/k m"ek frjks/kd] tsuj Mk;ksM] fojks/kh rFkk vxzhnf'kd vfHkufr ih&,u laf/k] lkSj lSy d{k Mk;ksM ds ;ksx
rFkk vkj ,Q ca/kd rjaxksa ds ifj'kks/ku] o/kZu] nksyj] ekMqyu vkSj vfHkKku ds fy, VkaftLVj@VkaftLVj
vfxzgh] nwjn'kZu rdZ&}kjA

23- jktuhfr foKku rFkk vUrjkZ"Vh; laca/k

[k.M& I (Section- I)
Hkkx ^^d**
jktuhfrd fl)kUr
1- kphu Hkkjrh; jktuhfrd fopkj/kkjk dh eq[; fo'ks"krk,] euq vkSj dkSfVY; kphu ;wukuh fopkj/kkjk IySVks]
vjLrw] ;qjksih; e/;;qxhu jktuhfrd fopkj/kkjk dh lkekU; fo'ks"krk,] lsaV FkkSel ,fDoukl] iknqok ds
ekflZfXy;ks] edkosyh] gkWCl] ykWd] eksUVLD;w] jks,lks] cSUFke] ts,l fey] Vh,p xzhu] gsxy] ekDlZ] ysfuu]
vkSj ekmRlsRrqaxA

35
2- jktuhfr foKku dk Lo:i vkSj fo"k; {ks=] ,d Kku fo/kk ds :i esa jktuhfr foKku dk vkfoHkkZo]
ijEijkxr cuke lelkef;d mikxe] O;ogkjckn vkSj O;ogkjoknksrj xfrfof/k] jktuhfrd fo'ys"k.k ds
.kkyh fl)kUr vkSj vU; vfHkuo n`f"Vdks.k] jktuhfrd fo'ys"k.k ds fr ekDlZoknh n`f"Vdks.kA
3- vk/kqfud jkT; dk vkfoHkkZo vkSj Lo:Ik Hkqlkk] Hkqlkk dk ,dkRedoknh vkSj cgqyoknh fo'ys"k.k] 'kfDr
kf/kdkj vkSj oS|A
4- jktuhfrd ck/;rk frjks/k vkSj kafr vf/kdkj] Lora=rk lekurk] U;k;A
5- tkra= ds fl)kUrA
6- mnkjokn fodklkRed lektokn tkrkaf=d ,oa Qsfc;u] ekDlZ lektokn] QkflTeA
Hkkx ^^[k**
Hkkjr ds fo'ks"k lUnHkZ esa ljdkj vkSj jktuhfr
1- rqyukRed jktuhfr ds v/;;u ds fr n`f"Vdks.k % ijEijkxr lajpukRed dk;kZRed n`f"Vdks.kA
2- jktuSfrd laLFkk,] fo/kkf;dk] dk;Zikfydk vkSj U;k;ikfydk] ny rFkk ncko xqV] nyh; .kkyh ds fl)kUr]
ysfuu] ekbZdYl vkSj MqoxZj] fuokZpu .kkyh] ukSdj'kkgh & oscj dk n`f"Vdks.k vkSj oscj ij vk/kqfud
leh{kkA
3- jktuhfrd f;k& jktuhfrd] lekthdj.k] vk/kqfudhdj.k rFkk laiz"s k.k] vik'pR; jktuhfrd f;k dk
Lo:i] vhdh ,f'k;k;h lekt dks Hkkfor djus okyh lafo/kkfud vkSj jktuhfrd leL;kvksa dk lkekU;
v/;;uA
4- Hkkjr jktuhfrd .kkyh d ewy Hkkjr esa mifuos'kokn vkSj jk"Vokn] vk/kqfud Hkkjrh; lkekftd vkSj
jktuhfrd fopkj/kkjk dk lkekU; v/;;uA
jktk jke eksgu jk;] nknk HkkbZ ukSjksth] fryd] vjfoUn] ,dcky] ftUuk] xka/kh] chvkj vEcsndj]
,e,u jk;] usg:] t;dk'k ukjk;.kA
[k lajpuk& Hkkjrh; lafo/kku] ewy vf/kdkj vkSj uhfr funs'kd rRo] la?k ljdkj] laln] eaf=e.My] mPpre
U;k;ky; vkSj U;kf;d iqujh{kk] Hkkjrh; la?kokn] dsU jkT; laca/k] ljdkj&jkT;iky dh Hkwfedk iapk;rh
jkt&fcgkj esa iapk;rh jktA
x dk;Z& Hkkjrh; jktuhfr esa oxZ vkSj tkfr] {ks=okn] Hkk"kkokn] vkSj lkEnkf;drkokn dh jktuhfr jktra= ds
/keZ fujis{khdj.k vkSj jk"Vh; ,drk dh leL;k,] jktuhfrd vfHktkR; oxZ] cnyrh gqbZ lajpuk] jktuhfrd
ny rFkk jktuhfrd Hkkxhnkjh ;kstuk vkSj fo'okl] 'kklu lkekftd vkfFkZd ifjorZu vkSj Hkkjrh;
yksdra= ij bldk Hkko] {ks=okn] >kj[k.M vkUnksyu ds fo'ks"k lUnHkZ esaA
[k.M& II (Section- II)
Hkkx& 1
1- Hkqlkk lEi jkT; .kkyh ds Lo:Ik rFkk dk;ZA
2- vUrjkZ"Vh; jktuhfr dh ladYiuk,] 'kfDr jk"Vh; fgr] 'kfDr larqyu ^^'kfDr fjDrrkA**
3- vUrjkZ"Vh; jktuhfr ds fl)kUr] ;FkkFkZoknh fl)kar] .kkyh fl)kar ,oe~ fu;a=.k fl)karA
4- fons'k uhfr esa fu/kkZjd rRo jk"Vh; fgr fopkj/kkjk] jk"Vh; 'kfDr rRo ns'kh; lkekftd&jktuhfrd
laLFkkvksa ds Lo:i lfgrA
5- fons'k uhfr dk p;u& lkezkT;okn] 'kfDr larqyu] le>kSrs] vyxkookn] jk"Vijd lkoZHkkSfrdrkokn fczVsu
}kjk LFkkfir 'kkfUr] vesfjdk }kjk LFkkfir 'kfDr] :l }kjk LFkkfir 'kkfUr] phu dk fefMy fdaxMe
ifjdYiuk] xqV fujis{krkA
6- 'khr ;q)] mn~xe fodkl vkSj vUrjkZ"Vh; lEcU/kksa ij bldk Hkko] ruko 'kSfFkY; vkSj bldk Hkko rFkk
u;k 'khr ;q)A
7- xqV fujis{krk] vFkZ vk/kkj jk"Vh; vkSj vUrjkZ"Vh; xqV fujis{krk vkUnksyu vkSj vUrjkZ"Vh; lEcU/kksa esa
bldh HkwfedkA

36
8- fu:Ikfuosf'krk vkSj vUrjkZ"Vh; leqnk; dk lkj] uoksfuosf'krk rFkk tkfrokn] mudk vUrjkZ"Vh; lEcU/kksa
ij Hkko] ,f'k;kbZ vhdh iqu:RFkkuA
9- orZeku vUrjkZ"Vh; vkfFkZd O;oLFkk] lgk;rk] O;kikj rFkk vkfFkZd fodkl] ubZ vUrjkZ"Vh; vkfFkZd O;oLFkk
ds fy;s la?k"kZ] kd`frd lk/kuksa ij Hkqrk] mtkZ lk/kuksa dk ladVA
10- vUrjkZ"Vh; lEcU/kksa esa vUrjkZ"Vh; fuf/k dh Hkwfedk] vUrjkZ"Vh; U;k;ky;A
11- vUrjkZ"Vh; laxBuksa dk mn~Hko vkSj fodkl] la;qDr jk"V la?k vkSj fof'k"V vfHkdj.k] vUrjkZ"Vh; lEcU/kksa esa
mudh HkwfedkA
12- {ks=h; laxBu vkSj vks,,l] vks,;w] vjc yhx] ,f'k;u] bZbZlh] vUrjkZ"Vh; lEcU/kksa esa mudh HkwfedkA
13- 'kL= Li/kkZ] fujL=hdj.k vkSj 'kL= fu;a=.k] ikjEifjd rFkk ijek.koh; 'kL=] 'kL=ksa dk O;kikj] vUrjkZ"Vh;
lEcU/kksa esa rhljh nqfu;k dh Hkwfedk ij bldk HkkoA
14- jktuf;d fl)kar vkSj i)frA
15- okg~; gLr{ksi& oSpkfjd] jktuhfrd vkSj vkfFkZd lkaLd`frd lkezkT;okn] egk'kfDr;ksa }kjk xqIr gLr{ksiA
Hkkx& 2
1- ijek.koh; mtkZ dk mi;ksx vkSj nq:i;ksx] ijek.koh; 'kL=ksa dk vUrjkZ"Vh; lEcU/kksa ij Hkko] vkaf'kd
ijh{k.k fu"ks/k] laf/k] ijek.kq 'kL= lkj fujks/kd laf/k ,uihVh 'kkafriw.kZ ijek.kq foLQksV ih,ubZA
2- fgUn egklkxj dks 'kkafr {ks= cukus dh leL;k, vkSj lEHkkouk,A
3- if'peh ,f'k;k esa la?k"kZiw.kZ fLFkfrA
4- nf{k.k ,f'k;k esa la?k"kZ vkSj lg;ksxA
5- egk'kfDr;ka vejhdk] :l ,oe~ phu dh ;q)kskj fons'k uhfr;k] la;qDr jkT; lksfo;r la?k ,oe~ phuA
6- vUrjkZ"Vh; lEcU/kksa esa r`rh; fo'o dk LFkkuA la;qDr jk"V la?k esa vkSj ckgjh eapksa ij mkj&nf{k.kh ns'kksa
dk fopkj&foe'kZA
7- Hkkjr dh fons'k uhfr vkSj lEcU/k] Hkkjr vkSj egk'kfDr;k] Hkkjr vkSj blds iM+kslh] Hkkjr vkSj nf{k.k iwoZ
,f'k;k ,oe~ Hkkjr rFkk vhdk dh leL;k,A
Hkkjr dh vkfFkZd jktuf;drk] Hkkjr vkSj ijek.kq vL=ksa dk 'uA

24- euksfoKku
[k.M& I (Section- I)
euksfoKku ds vk/kkj
1- euksfoKku dk fo"k; {ks=& lkekftd vkSj O;kogkfjd foKku esa ifjokj ls euksfoKku dk LFkkuA
2- euksfoKku dh i)fr;k& euksfoKku dh .kkyhra=h; leL;k,] euksoSKkfud vuqla/kku dk lkekU;
vfHkdYiA euksoSKkfud vuqla/kku ds dkj] euksoSKkfud ekiu dh fo'ks"krk,A
3- ekuo O;ogkj dh d`fr] mn~xe vkSj fodkl] vkuqoaf'kdrk rFkk i;kZoj.k] lkaLd`frd dkjd rFkk O;ogkj]
lekthdj.k dh f;k] jk"Vh; pfj= dh ladYiukA
4- laKkukRed f;k,& R;{k Kku] R;{k Kku ds fl)kar] R;{k Kku laxBu] O;fDr R;{k.k] kR;f{kd
j{kk] R;{ku Kku dk dk;kZRed mikxe] R;{k Kku rFkk O;fDrRo] vkd`fr vuqHkko] R;{k Kku 'kSyh]
kR;f{kd vilkekU;] lrdZrkA
5- vf/kxe& laKkukRed f;k lwr rFkk Dykfldy vuqdwyu mikxe] vf/kxe ifj?kVuk foyksi] foHksn vkSj
lkekU;dj.k] foHksn vfHkxr] kf;drk vf/kxe] ksxzkfer vf/kxeA
6- Lej.k& Lej.k ds fl)kar] vYidkfyd Le`fr] nh?kZdkfyd Le`fr] Le`fr dk ekiu] foLej.k] laLe`frA
7- fpUru& leL;k lek/kku] ladYiuk fuekZ.k] ladYiuk fuekZ.k dk jpuk dkS'ky] lwpuk f;k] lixZukRed
fpUru] vfHklkjh rFkk miklkjh fpUru] ckydksa esa fpUru ds fodkl ds fl)karA

37
8- cqf)& cqf) dh d`fr] cqf) ds fl)kar] cqf) dk ekiu] l`tukRedrk dk ekiu] vfHk{kerk] vfHk{kerk dk
ekiu] lkekftd cqf) dh ladYiukA
9- vfHksj.k& vfHksfjr O;ogkj dh fo'ks"krk,] vfHksj.k ds mikxe] euksfo'ys"kh fl)kar] vUruksZn fl)kar]
vko';drk vfHke fl)kar] lfn'k d"kZ.k 'kfDr mikxe] vkdka{kk Lrj dh ladYiuk] vfHksj.k ds ekiu]
fojDr rFkk foeq[k O;f"V] sjdA
10- O;fDrRo& O;fDrRo dh ladYiuk] fo'ks"kd vkSj dkj mikxe] dkjdh; rFkk vk;keh; mikxe] O;fDrRo ds
fl)kar hmM] vyiksVZ] eqjs] dsVy] lkekftd vfHkxe fl)kar rFkk {ks= fl)kar] O;fDrRo ds Hkkjrh;
mikxe xq.kksa dh ladYiuk] O;fDrRo dk ekiu] 'ukoyh fu/kkZj.k ekiuh] euksefr ijh{k.k] {keh ijh{k.k
s{k.k .kkyhA
11- Hkk"kk vkSj lEs"k.k& Hkk"kk dk euksoSKkfud vk/kkj] Hkk"kk fodkl dk fl)kar fLduj vkSj pkWeLdh]
vo'kkf'nd] las"k.k] dk;ZHkk"kk Hkkoh lEs"k.k lzksr vkSj xzghrk dh fo'ks"krk,] vuqHkoh lEs"k.kA
12- vfHko`fk;k vkSj ewY;& vfHko`fk;ksa dh lajpuk] vfHko`fk;ksa dh cukoV] vfHko`fk;ksa ds fl)kar] vfHko`fkrRo
ekiu] vfHko`fk ekiuh ds dkj] vfHko`fk ifjorZud ds fl)kar] ewY;&ewY;ksa ds dkj] ewY;ksa ds vfHksj.kh;
xq.k/keZ] ewY;ksa dk ekiuA
13- vfHkuo o`fk;k& euksfoKku vkSj dEI;wVj] O;ogkj dk larkf=dh ekWMy] euksfoKku esa vuq:irk v/;;u
psruk dk v/;;u psruk dh ifjofrZr fLFkfr;k] fuk] LoIu] /;ku vkSj lEeksgu vkRefoLewfr] eknd O;
mRsfjr ifjorZu laosnu opu] foekuu vkSj varfj{k mM+ku esa ekuo leL;k,A
14- ekuo ds ekWMy& ;kaf=d ekuo] tSfod ekuo] laxBukRed ekuo] ekuorkoknh ekuo] O;ogkj ifjorZu ds
fofHk fr:iksa ds fufgrkFkZ ,d ,dhd`r fr:iA
[k.M& II (Section- II)
euksfoKku fopkj&fo"k; vkSj vuq;ksx
1- O;fDrxr fofHkUurk,& O;fDrxr fofHkUurkvksa dk ekiu] euksfoKku ijh{k.kksa ds dkj] euksoSKkfud ijh{k.kksa
dk fuekZ.k] vPNs euksoSKkfud ijh{k.k dh fo'ks"krk,] euksoSKkfud ijh{kk.kksa dh lhek,A
2- euksoSKkfud fodkl& fodkjksa dk oxhZdj.k rFkk jksx oxhZdj.k .kkfy;k] raf=dk] rkih;] euLrkih vkSj
euksnSfgd fodkl] euksfod`r O;fDrRo] euksoSKkfud fodkjksa ds fl)kar] fpUrk volkn rFkk f[kapko dh
leL;k,A
3- fpfdRlkRed mikxe& euksxfrd&mikxe] O;ogkj fpfdRlk] jksxh dsfUr fpfdRlk laKkukRed fpfdRlk]
lewg fpfdRlkA
4- laxBukRed rFkk vkS|ksfxd leL;kvksa ls euksfoKku dk vuq;ksx] oS;fDrd p;u] f'k{k.k] dk;Z] vfHksj.kk]
dk;Z vfHksj.k fl)kar d`R; vfHkdYiu] usr`Ro f'k{k.k] lnHkkxh cU/kA
5- y?kq lewg& y?kq lewg dh ladYiuk] lewg ds xq.k/keZ] dk;Zjr] lewg O;ogkj ds fl)kar] lewg O;ogkj dk
ekiu vUrfZ;k f;k fo'ys"k.k] vUrZO;fDr lEcU/kA
6- lkekftd ifjorZu& lekt ifjorZu dh fo'ks"krk,] ifjorZu ds euksoSKkfud vk/kkj] ifjorZu frjks/k]
frjks/kh dkjd] ifjorZu ;kstu] ifjorZu o.krk dh ladYiukA
7- euksfoKku rFkk vf/kxe f;k& f'k{kkFkhZ lekthdj.k ds dkkZ ds :Ik esa fo|ky; vf/kxe fLFkfr;ksa esa
fojks/kksa ls lacaf/kr leL;k,] frHkk'kkyh vkSj lafnr ckyd rFkk muds f'k{k.k ls lacaf/kr leL;k,A
8- lqfo/kk oafpr lewg& dkj] lkekftd] lkaLd`frd vkSj vkfFkZd lqfo/kkoapu ds euksoSKkfud Qy oapu dh
ladYiuk] lqfo/kkoafpr lewgksa dh f'k{kk] lqfo/kkoafpr lewgksa ds vfHksj.k dh leL;k,A
9- euksfoKku rFkk lkekftd ,dhdj.k dh leL;k& ltkrh; iwokZxzg dh leL;k] iwokZxzg dh d`fr] iwokZxzg
dh vfHkO;fDr] iwokZxzg dk fodkl] iwokZxzg dk ekiu] iwokZxzg dk lq/kkj] iwokZxzg vkSj O;fDrRo] lkekftd
,dhdj.k ds mik;A
10- euksfoKku rFkk vkfFkZd fodkl& miyfC/k vfHksj.k dh d`fr] miyfC/k vfHksj.k] m|e'khyurk lao)Zu]
m|e'khyurk lay{k.k] kS|ksxhdh; ifjorZu rFkk ekuoh; O;ogkj ij bldk HkkoA

38
11- lwpuk dk cU/k vkSj lapj.k& lwpuk cU/k esa euksoSKkfud dkjd] lwpuk vfrHkkj] Hkkoh lapj.k ds
euksoSKkfud vk/kkj] tu lapkj vkSj lkekftd ifjorZu esa mudh Hkwfedk] nwjn'kZu dk Hkko] Hkkoh foKkiu
dk euksoSKkfud vk/kkjA
12- ledkyhu lekt dh leL;k,& f[kapko] f[kapko dk cU/k] e|O;lurk rFkk eknd O; O;lu] lkekftd
folkekU;] fd'kksj] vipkj vijk/k folkekU; dk iquZLFkkiu] o;kso`)ksa dh leL;k,A

25- yksd 'kklu

[k.M& I (Section- I)
'kklfud fl)kUr
1- ewy vo/kkj.kk,& yksd 'kklu dk vFkZ] foLrkj rFkk egRo] futh 'kklu rFkk yksd 'kklu] fodflr
vkSj fodkl'khy lekt esa bldh Hkwfedk] 'kklu dh lkekftd] vkfFkZd] lkaLd`frd] jktuhfrd vkSj fofo/k
ifjfLFkfr;k] yksd 'kklu dk ,d 'kkL= ds :i esa fodkl] yksd 'kklu ,d dyk ,oe~ ,d foKku ds
:i esa u;k yksd 'kkluA
2- laxBu ds fl)kar& oSKkfud cU/k Vsyj vkSj mlds lkFkh] ukSdj'kkgh laxBu dk fl)kar cscj] vkn'kZ
laxBu dk fl)kUr gsujh Q;ksy] ywFkj xqfyd rFkk vU;] ekuo laxBu lEcU/kh fl)kar ,yVksu ek;ks
vkSj mlds lkFkh] O;kogkfjd n`f"Vdks.k] O;oLFkk] n`f"Vdks.k] laxBukRed Hkko'khyrkA
3- laxBu ds fl)kar& lksiku ds fl)kar] ,sfd vkns'k] kf/kdkj vkSj mkjnkf;Ro leUo; fu;a=.k dk foLrkj]
i;Zos{kd] dsUhdj.k vkSj fodsUhdj.k] R;k;kstuA
4- 'kklfud O;ogkj& gcZVZ lkbeu ds ;ksxnku ds fo'ks"k lanHkZ esa fu.kZ; ysuk] usr`Ro ds fl)kar] lapkj
eukscy sj.kk eSLyks vkSj gtZcxZA
5- laxBu lajpuk& eq[; dk;Zdkjh] eq[; dk;Zdkjh ds dkj vkSj muds dk;Z] lw= vkSj LVkQ ,oe~ lgk;d
,tsfUl;k] foHkkx] fuxe dEiuh] cksMZ vkSj vk;ksx] eq[;ky; vkSj {ks=h; laca/kA
6- dkfeZd 'kklu& ukSdj'kkgh vkSj flfoy lsok] in oxhZdj.k] HkkhZ] f'k{k.k] o`fk fodkl dk;Z dk ewY;kadu]
inksUufr] osru rFkk lsok 'krsZa] lsokfuo`fk ykHk] vuq'kklu] fu;ksDrk deZpkjh lEcU/k] 'kklu esa lR;fu"Bk]
lkekU;{k vkSj fo'ks"kK] rVLFkrk vkSj vuferkA
7- fokh; 'kklu& ctV dh ladYiuk,] ctV rS;kj djuk vkSj mldk dk;kZUo;u] fu"iknu] ctV] fo/kk;h
fu;a=.k] ys[kk vkSj ijh{k.kA
8- mkjnkf;Ro rFkk fu;a=.k] mkjnkf;Ro vkSj fu;a=.k dh ladYiuk,] 'kklu ij fo/kk;h] dk;Zdkjh vkSj
U;kf;d fu;a=.k] ukxfjd rFkk 'kkluA
9- 'kklfud lw=/kkj& laxBu ,oa i)fr] dk;Z v/;;u] dk;Zekiu] 'kklfud lq/kkj f;k vkSj vojks/kA
10- 'kklfud dkuwu& 'kklfud dkuwu dk egRo] R;ksftr fo/kku] fo/kku vFkZ dkj] ykHk] lhek,] lqj{kk
mik;] 'kklfud vf/kdj.kA
11- rqyukRed ,oa fodkl 'kklu& vFkZ Lo:i vkSj foLrkj] lka{ksf=d lky] ekWMy ds fo'ks"k lanHkZ esa sM
fjEl dk ;ksxnku] 'kklu esa fodkl dh ladYiuk] foLrkj vkSj egRo] jktuhfrd] vkfFkZd vkSj lkekftd
,oa lkaLd`frd lUnHkZ esa 'kklu dk fodkl] 'kklfud fodkl dh ladYiukA
12- yksd uhfr& yksd 'kklu esa uhfr fu/kkZj.k dh klafxdrk] uhfr fu/kkZj.k djus dh f;k, vkSj
dk;kZUo;uA
[k.M& II (Section- II)
Hkkjrh; 'kklu
1- Hkkjrh; 'kklu dk fodkl& dkSfVY;] eqxy ;qx] vaxzsth ;qxA
2- ifjfLFkfrtU; ifjos'k& laafo/kku lalnh; tkra=] la?kokn] ;kstuk] lektoknA
3- la?k Lrj ij jktuhfrd dk;Zikfydk& jk"Vifr] /kkuea=h] eaf=ifj"kn~] eaf=eaMy lfefr;kA

39
4- dsUh; 'kklu dh lajpuk& lfpoky;] eaf=eaMy lfpoky;] ea=ky; vkSj foHkkx] cksMZ vkSj vk;ksx] {ks=h;
laxBuA
5- dsU&jkT; lEcU/k& fo/kk;h] 'kklfud] ;kstuk vkSj fokh;A
6- yksd lsok,& vf[ky Hkkjrh; lsok,] dsUh; lsok,] jkT; lsok,] LFkkuh; flfoy lsok,] la?k vkSj jkT; yksd
lsok vk;ksx] flfoy lsokvksa dk f'k{k.kA
7- ;kstuk rU=& jk"Vh; Lrj ij ;kstuk fu/kkZj.k] jk"Vh; fodkl ifj"kn~] ;kstuk vk;ksx] jkT;&ftyk Lrj ij
;kstuk rU=A
8- yksd mie] Lo:i] cU/k] fu;a=.k vkSj leL;k,A
9- yksd O;; dk fu;a=.k& lalnh; fu;a=.k] fok ea=ky; dh Hkwfedk] fu;a=d rFkk egkys[kk ijh{kdA
10- fcgkj esa dkuwu vkSj O;oLFkk lEcU/kh 'kklu] dkuwu vkSj O;oLFkk cuk, j[kus ds fy;s dsUh; vkSj jkT;
,tsafl;ksa dh HkwfedkA
11- jkT; 'kklu fcgkj ds fo'ks"k laca/k esa& jkT;iky] eq[;ea=h] eaf=ifj"kn~] lfpoky;] eq[; lfpo]
funs'kky;A
12- ftyk rFkk LFkkuh; 'kklu fcgkj ds fo'ks"k lUnHkZ esa& Hkwfedk vkSj egRo] ftyk lekgkkZ] Hkw&jktLo]
dkuwu rFkk O;oLFkk vkSj mlds fodkl lEcU/kh dk;Z] ftyk xzkeh.k fodkl ,tsalh] fo'ks"k dk;ZeA
13- LFkkuh; 'kklu fcgkj ds fo'ks"k lUnHkZ esa& iapk;rh jkt vkSj 'kgjh LFkkuh; ljdkj] fo'ks"krk,] Lo:i]
leL;k,] LFkkuh; fudk;ksa dh Lok;rrkA
14- fcgkj esa dY;k.k dk;Z gsrq 'kkldh; O;oLFkk& detksj oxksZa ds fy;s] fo'ks"kdj vuqlwfpr tkfr;ksa ,oa
vkfne tkfr;ksa ds dY;k.k ds fy;s 'kkldh; O;oLFkk] efgykvksa rFkk ckydksa ds dY;k.k ds fy, dk;ZeA
15- Hkkjrh; 'kklu O;oLFkk esa fooknLin eqs& jktuSfrd rFkk LFkk;h dk;Zikydksa ds chp lEcU/k] 'kklu
dk;ks esa lkekU; rFkk fo'ks"kKksa dh Hkwfedk] 'kklu esa lR;fu"Bk] 'kklfud dk;ksZa esa turk dh lgHkkfxrk]
ukxfjd f'kdk;rksa dks nwj djuk] yksdiky vkSj yksd vk;qDr] Hkkjr esa 'kklfud lq/kkjA

26- lekt'kkL=
[k.M& I (Section- I)
lkekU; lekt'kkL=
1- lkekftd ?kVukvksa dk oSKkfud v/;;u& lekt'kkL= dk vkfoHkkZo] vU; f'k{kk 'kk[kkvksa ls budk
lEcU/k] mudk {ks= foLrkj ,oa lacaf/kr /kkj.kk,] foKku ,oa lkekftd O;ogkj dk v/;;u] ;FkkFkZrk]
fo'oluh;rk ,oa oSf/kdrk dh leL;k,] oSKkfud fof/k ,oa oSKkfud Hkk"kk] mudk vFkZ ms';] dkj rRo ,oa
fo'ks"krk,] lkekftd vuqla/kku lajpuk] rF; ladyu ,oa rF; fo'ys"k.k dh fof/k;k] vfHko`fk ekiu leL;k,
,oa rduhdh 'kSyh LdsYl] vkj,e eSdkboj dh dk;Z dkj.k vo/kkj.kkA
2- lekt'kkL= ds {ks= esa iFk&n'kZd& ;ksxnku] lS)kfUrd kjEHk ,oa fodklokn ds fl)kUr] dkEV]
LisUlj rFkk ekxZu] ,sfrgkfld lekt'kkL= dkyZ ekDlZ] eSDl cscj ,oa ih, ljksfdu] dk;Zokn bZ
nq[kkZbe] ijsVks] iklZUl ,oa eVZu] la?k"kZoknh fl)kUr] xqeIyksfot] Mgjsu MkQZ ,oa dkstj] lekt&'kkL= ds
vk/kqfud fopkj/kkjk,] lEiw.kkZyd ,oa vYikFkZd lekt'kkL=] e/;e Lrjh; fl)kUr] fofu;e fl)kUrA
3- lkekftd lajpuk ,oe~ lkekftd laxBu& vo/kkj.kk ,oa dkj] lkekftd lajpuk lEcfU/kr
fopkj/kkjk,] lajpuk dk;Zoknh] ekDlZoknh fl)kUr] lkekftd lajpuk ds rRo] O;fDr ,oa lekt] lkekftd
vUrfZ;k] lkekftd lewg vo/kkj.kk, ,oa dkj] lkekftd Lrj ,oa Hkwfedk] muds fu/kkZjd ,oa dkj]
ljy ,oa ladwy lektksa esa Hkwfedk ds fofHkUu ifjek.k] Hkwfedk la?k"kZ] lkekftd tky] vo/kkj.kk ,oa dkj]
laLd`fr ,oa O;fDrRo vuq:irk ,oa lkekftd fu;a=.k dh vo/kkj.kk] lkekftd fu;a=.k ds lk/ku]
vYila[;d lewg] cgqla[;d ,oa vYila[;d lEcU/kA
4- lkekftd Lrjhdj.k ,oa xfr'khyrk& lkekftd Lrjhdj.k ds vo/kkj.kk] Hkko ,oa dkj] vlekurk ,oa
Lrjhdj.k] Lrjhdj.k ds vk/kkj ,oa ifjek.k] Lrjhdj.k lEcU/kh fopkj/kkjk,] dk;Zokn ,oa la?k"kZokn

40
 fopkj/kkjk,] lkekftd Lrjhdj.k ,oa lkekftd xfr'khyrk] laLd`frdj.k ,oa if'pehdj.k] xfr'khyrk ds
dkj] vUrZih<+h xfr'khyrk] mnxz xfr'khyrk cuke {kSfrt xfr'khyrk] xfr'khyrk ds fr:iA
5- ifjokj] fookg ,oa ukrsnkjh& lajpuk] dk;Z ,oa dkj] lkekftd ifjorZu ,oa vk;q rFkk L=h&iq:"k
Hkwfedkvksa esa ifjorZu] fookg] ifjokj ,oa ukrsnkjh esa ifjorZu] k|ksfxd lekt esa ifjokj dk egRoA
6- vkSipkfjd laxBu& vkSipkfjd rFkk vukSipkfjd laxBuksa ds rRo] ukSdj'kkgh dk;Z] vdk;Z ,oa
fo'ks"krk,] ukSdj'kkgh ,oa jktuSfrd fodkl] jktuSfrd] lkekftd ,oa jktuSfrd lgHkkfxrk] lgHkkfxrk ds
fofHkUu :i] lgHkkfxrk ds yksdrkaf=d rFkk lkkRed Lo:i] LoSfPNr e.MyhA
7- vkfFkZd .kkyh& lEifk dh vo/kkj.kk,] Je foHkktu ds lkekftd frek.k] fofu;e ds fofHkUu dkj]
iwoZ vkS|ksfxd ,oa vkS|ksfxd vFkZ O;oLFkk dk lkekftd i{k] vkS|ksfxdhdj.k rFkk jktuhfrd] 'kSf{kd]
/kkfeZd] ikfjokfjd LxjfoU;klh {ks=ksa esa ifjorZu] vkfFkZd fodkl ds fu/kkZjd rRo ,oa muds ifj.kkeA
8- jktuhfrd O;oLFkk& jktuhfrd O;oLFkk dh vo/kkj.kk] rRo ,oa dkj] jktuhfrd O;oLFkk ds dk;Z]
jktuhfrd O;oLFkk ds vUrxZr leL;k,] O;fDr lewg] jktuhfrd laxBuksa] jktuhfrd ny ,oa vU; lk/kuksa
ds lanHkZ esa jktuhfrd f;k,] 'kfDr kf/kdkj ,oa oS/krk dh vo/kkj.kk,] vk/kkj ,oa dkj] jkT;foghu
lekt dh ifjdYiuk] jktuhfrd lekthdj.k cuke jktuhfrd Hkkxhnkjh] jkT; dh fo'ks"krk,] tkra=kRed
,oa lkkRed jktuhfrd O;oLFkk ds vUrxZr laHkzkUr oxZ ,oa tulewg dh 'kfDr] jktuhfrd ny ,oa
ernku] uk;dRo] tkrkaf=d O;oLFkk ,oa tkrkaf=d fLFkjrkA
9- 'kSf{kd .kkyh& f'k{kk dh vo/kkj.kk ,oa ms';] f'k{kk ij o`frokn] vkn'kZokn ,oa ikf.MR;okn ds Hkko]
lekt] vUrjkZ"Vh; lEcU/k] tkra= O;oLFkk ,oa jk"Vokn ds lUnHkZ esa f'k{kk dk egRo] f'k{kk ds u;s >qdko]
f'k{kk ,oa lekthdj.k esa fofHkUu lk/ku] ifjokj] fo|ky;] lekt] jkT; ,oa /keZ dh Hkwfedk] tula[;k f'k{kk
vo/kkj.kk ,oa rRo] lkaLd`frd iqutZUe] lS)kfUrd erkjksiu] lkekftd Lrjhdj.k] xfr'khyrk ,oa
vk/kqfudhdj.k ds lk/ku ds :Ik esa f'k{kk dh HkwfedkA
10- /keZ& /kkfeZd rF;] ikou ,oa vikou dh vo/kkj.kk,] /keZ dk lkekftd dk;Z ,oa vdk;Z] tknw&Vksuk] /keZ
,oa foKku] /keZfujis{khdj.k ,oa lkekftd ifjorZuA
11- lkekftd ifjorZu ,oa fodkl& lkekftd ifjorZu ds vkfFkZd] tSfod ,oa kS|ksfxd dkjd] lkekftd
ifjorZu ds fodkloknh dk;Zokn ,oa la?k"kZokn fl)kUr] lkekftd ifjorZu] vk/kqfudhdj.k ,oa mUufr]
tkrka=hdj.k] lekurk ,oa lkekftd U;k;] lkekftd iqufuZekZ.kA
[k.M& II (Section- II)
Hkkjrh; lekt
1 Hkkjrh; lekt& ikjEifjd fgUnw lkekftd laxBu dh fo'ks"krk,] fofHk le; ds lkekftd lkaLd`frd
ifjorZu] Hkkjrh; lekt ij ckS)] bLyke rFkk vk/kqfud if'pe dk Hkko] fujUrjrk vkSj ifjorZu ds dkjd
rRoA
2 lkekftd Lrjhdj.k& tkfr O;oLFkk ,oa blds :ikUrj.k] tkfr ds lanHkZ esa vkfFkZd lajpukRed ,oa
lkaLd`frd er] tkfr Fkk dh mRifk] fgUnw ,oa xSj&fgUnw tkfr;ksa esa vlekurk ,oa lkekftd U;k; dh
leL;k;sa] tkfr xfr'khyrk] tkfrokn] fiNM+h tkfr cuke fiNM+s oxZ] vuqlwfpr tkfr ,oa vLi`';rk]
vuqlwfpr tkfr;ksa esa ifjorZu] vLi`';rk dk mUewyu] vkS|ksfxd ,oa d`f"k /kku lekt dh oxZ lajpuk]
eUMy deh'ku ,oa lqj{kk uhfr ds vUrxZr fcgkj ds vUrtkZrh; lEcU/kksa ds cnyrs >qdkoA
3 ifjokj] fookg ,oa lxks=rk& lxks=rk O;oLFkk esa {ks=h; fofo/krk ,oa muds lkekftd lkaLd`frd lg
lEcU/k] lxks=rk ds cnyrs igyw] la;qDr ifjokj .kkyh] bldk lajpukRed ,oa O;kogkfjd i{k] blds
cnyrs :Ik ,oa fo?kVu] fofHkUu u`tkfrd lewgksa] vkfFkZd ,oa tkfr oxksZa esa fookg] Hkfo"; esa muds cnyrs
d`fr] ifjokj ,oa fookg ij dkuwu rFkk lkekftd&vkfFkZd] ifjorZuksa dk iM+rs Hkko] ih<+h] vUrjky ,oa
;qok vlUrks"k] efgykvksa dh cnyrh fLFkfr] efgyk ,oa lkekftd fodkl] fcgkj esa vUrZtkrh; fookg] dkj.k
,oa ifj.kkeA
4 vkfFkZd .kkyh& ;tekuh O;oLFkk ,oa ikjEifjd lekt ij mldk Hkko] cktkj vFkZ O;oLFkk vkSj mlds
lkekftd ifj.kke] O;olkf;d fofof/kdj.k ,oa lkekftd lajpuk] O;olkf;d etnwj la?k] vkfFkZd fodkl
ds lkekftd fu/kkZjd rFkk muds ifj.kke] vkfFkZd vlekurk,] 'kks"k.k vkSj Hkz"Vkpkj] fcgkj ds vkfFkZd

41
 fiNM+siu ds dkj.k] fcgkj ds vkfFkZd fodkl dh lEHkkO;rk] fcgkj ds lUnHkZ esa vkfFkZd o`f) ,oa lkekftd
fodkl ds lg&lEcU/kA
5 jktuhfrd O;oLFkk& ikjEifjd lekt esa tkrkaf=d jktuhfrd O;oLFkk ds dk;Z] jktuhfrd ny ,oa
mudh lkekftd lajpuk] jktuhfrd laHkzkUr oxZ dh mRifk ,oa mudk lkekftd yxko] 'kfDr dk
fodsUhdj.k] jktuhfrd Hkkxhnkjh] fcgkj esa ernku dk Lo:i] fcgkj ds ernku .kkyh esa tkfr leqnk;
,oa vkfFkZd dkjdksa dh vuq:irk] blds cnyrs vk;ke] Hkkjrh; ukSdj'kkgh dk dk;Z] vdk;Z ,oa fo'ks"krk]
Hkkjr esa ukSdj'kkgh ,oa jktuhfrd fodkl] tuHkqlkk lekt] Hkkjr esa tu&vkUnksyu ds lkekftd ,oa
jktuhfrd JksrA
6 f'k{kk O;oLFkk& ikjEifjd ,oa vk/kqfud ds lUnHkZ esa lekt ,oa f'k{kk] 'kS{kf.kd vlekurk, ,oa ifjorZu]
f'k{kk ,oa lkekftd xfr'khyrk] efgykvksa dh f'k{kk dh leL;k,] fiNMs+ oxZ ,oa vuqlwfpr tkfr;ksa] fcgkj esa
'kS{kf.kd fiNM+siu ds dkj.k] fcgkj esa vfu;ksftr :i ls iuirs laLFkkvksa ds dk;Z ,oa vdk;Z i{kA fcgkj
esa mPp f'k{kk dh leL;k, ,oa lEHkkouk,] ubZ f'k{kk uhfr;k] tu f'k{kkA
7 /keZ& tula[;kRed ifjek.k] HkkSxksfyd forj.k ,oa iM+ksl] eq[k /kkfeZd leqnk;ksa ds thou 'kSyh]
vUr/kkZfeZd vUr%f;k, ,oa /keZ ifjorZu ds :i esa budk dk'ku] vYila[;d ds Lrj] lapkj ,oa
/keZfujis{krk] Hkkjr ds tkfr O;oLFkk ij fofHkUu /kkfeZd vkanksyuksa dk ckS)&tSu&bZlkbZ&bLyke o`gr~ lekt
,oa vk;Z lekt ds vkUnksyuksa ds Hkko] fcgkj esa if'pehdj.k ,oa vk/kqfudhdj.k] la;qDrd ,oa vyxko
lEcU/kh dkjd] Hkkjrh; lkekftd laxBu ij /keZ ,oa jktuhfr ds c<+rs vUrZlEcU/k dk HkkoA
8 tu&tkfr lekt& Hkkjr ds eq[k tutkfr leqnk;] mudh fof'k"V fo'ks"krk,] tu&tkfr ,oa tkfr]
budk lkaLd`frd vknku&nku ,oa ,dhdj.k] fcgkj dh tu&tkfr;ksa dh lkekftd] vkfFkZd ,oa jktuhfrd
leL;k,] tu&tkfr dY;k.k ds fofHk fopkj/kkjk,] muds laoS/kkfud ,oa jktdh; lqj{kk] Hkkjr esa
tu&tkfr vkUnksyu] rkuk Hkxr vkUnksyu] fcjlk vkUnksyu ,oa >kj[kaM vkUnksyu] tu&tkfr ds fodkl
esa mudk egRoiw.kZ LFkkuA
9 xzkeh.k lekt O;oLFkk ,oa lkeqnkf;d fodkl& xzkeh.k leqnk; ds lkekftd ,oa lkaLd`frd vk;ke]
ikjEifjd 'kfDr lajpuk] tkra=hdj.k ,oa usr`Ro] xjhch] _.kxzLrrk ,oa ca/kqvk etnwjh] Hkwfe lq/kkj ds
ifj.kke] lkeqnkf;d fodkl ;kstuk dk;Ze rFkk vU; fu;ksftr fodkl dk;Ze rFkk gfjr kafr] xzkeh.k
fodkl dh ubZ uhfr;kA
10 'kgjh lkekftd laxBu& lkekftd laxBu ds ikjEifjd dkjdksa( tSls& laxks=rk tkfr vkSj /keZ dh
fujUrjrk ,oa muds ifjorZu 'kgj ds lUnHkZ esa] 'kgjh leqnk;ksa esa lkekftd Lrjhdj.k ,oa xfr'khyrk]
u`tkfrd vusdrk ,oa lkeqnkf;d ,dhdj.k] 'kgjh iM+kslnkjh] tulkaf[;dh ,oa lkekftd&lkaLd`frd y{k.kksa
esa 'kgj rFkk xko esa vUrj rFkk muds lkekftd ifj.kkeA
11tula[;k xfrdh& tula[;k o`f) lEcU/kh fl)kUr& ekYFkl] tSfodh; tulkaf[;dh; ifjorZu] lokZf/kd
tula[;k] tula[;k lajpuk ds lkekftd&lkaLd`frd i{k fyax] mez] oSokfgd Lrj] tUe nj] e`R;q nj ,oa
LFkkukUrj.k ds dkjd] Hkkjr esa tula[;k uhfr dh vko';drk] tukf/kD; ,oa vU; fu/kkZjd rF;] tukf/kD;
ds lkekftd] lkaLd`frd rFkk vkfFkZd fu/kkZjd ,oa Hkkjr esa ifjokj fu;kstu f;k dh vLohd`fr esa budh
Hkwfedk] Fke ls v"Ve iapo"khZ; ;kstukvksa esa ifjokj fu;kstu dk;Ze dk LFkku] tula[;k f'k{kk]
vo/kkj.kk] ms';] i{k] lk/ku ,oa tula[;k f'k{kk dh ;a=dykA
12lkekftd ifjorZu ,oa vk/kqfudhdj.k& Hkwfedk] la?k"kZ dh leL;k] ;qok vlarks"k] ihf<+;ksa dk vUrj]
efgykvksa dh cnyrh fLFkfr] lkekftd ifjorZu ds eq[k lzksr ,oa ifjorZu ds frjks/kh rRoksa ds eq[k lzksr]
if'pe dk Hkko] lq/kkjoknh vkanksyu] lkekftd vkanksyu] vkS|ksxhdj.k ,oa 'kgjhdj.k] ncko lewg]
fu;ksftr ifjorZu ds rRo] iapo"khZ; ;kstuk,] fo/kk;h ,oa 'kkldh; mik;&ifjorZu dh f;k&
laLd`frdj.k] if'pehdj.k vkSj vk/kqfudhdj.k] vk/kqfudhdj.k ds lk/ku] tulEidZ lk/ku ,oa f'k{kk]
ifjorZu ,oa vk/kqfudhdj.k dh leL;k] lajpukRed folaxfr;k vkSj O;o/kku] orZeku lkekftd nqxqZ.k&
Hkz"Vkpkj vkSj i{kikr] rLdjh&dkyk/kuA

42
 27- lkaf[;dh
blesa nks [k.M gSaA mEehnokj R;sd [k.M ls rhu ls vf/kd 'uksa ds mkj ugha nsaxsA
[k.M& I (Section- I)
1- kf;drk&
frn'kZ lef"V vkSj vuqo`r] kf;drk eki vkSj kf;drk lef"V] lkaf[;dh; Lora=rk] le; Qyu ds :Ik
esa ;kn`fPNd pj] vlarr vkSj vlalr ;kn`fPNdpj] kf;drk /kuRo vkSj caVu Qyu] mikar vkSj lfrca/k oaVu]
;kn`fPNd pjksa ds Qyu vkSj muds caVu] R;k'kh vkSj vkiw.kZ lfrca/k R;k'kk lg&lEcU/k xq.kkad kf;drk esa
rFkk yxHkx la;a= vfHklj.k ekdksZc] 'ksch'kso rFkk dksyeksxksjksc vlfedk,] cksjy&dSaVsfyysek esf;dk] o`gr~
la[;kvksa ds nqcZy ,oa lcy fu;e] kFkfedrk tud ,oa vfHkyk{kf.k Qyu] vfgrk;rk ,oa lrR; es;]
vkiw.kkd ds }kjk caVuksa dk fu/kkZj.k] fyaMsoxZ&ysoh dsUh; lhek es;] eukd larr f;k caVu vkSj muds
ikjLifjd lEcU/k] ftlesa lhed dj.k Hkh 'kkfey gksA
2- lkaf[;dh; vuqfefr&
vkdyuksa ds xq.k /keZ] laxfr] vufeufr] {kerk] i;kZIrrk vkSj ifjiw.kZrk& sej&jko ifjca/k] vYire lj.k]
vufeur vkdyu] jko&CySdosy vkSj ysgeu 'ksQ dk es;A vk";q.kksa }kjk vkdyu dh fof/k;k] vkfDre
lEHkkfork vYire dksbZ oxZ vf/kdre lEHkkfor& kyuksa ds xq.k] /keZ] ekud caVuksa ds kpyksa ds fy,
fo'oL;rk varjkyA
ljy vkSj ladqy ifjdYiuk,] lakf[;dh; ijh{k.k vkSj kafrd {ks=] nks dk'k dh =qfV;k] {kerk Qyu]
vufeur ijh{k.k] 'kDrre vkSj leku :Ik ls 'kDrre ijh{k.k] useu fi;lsu ef;dk] ,d pky ls lacaf/kr
ljy ifjdYiukvksa ds fy, b"Vre ijh{k.k] ,dfo"V lekf;r vuqikr dk xq.k/keZ vkSj ;w,eih ijh{k.k dk
;kn`fPNdrk djus esa mudk ;ksxA lEHkkouk vuqikr fud"k mldk mixkeh caVu leatu lq"Bqrk ds fy, dksbZ
/keZ vkSj dksyeksx jkjksaoA ijh{k.k dk ;kn`fPNdrk ds fy, ijEijk ijh{k.k voLFkkiu ds fy, fp
ijh{k.k&f}frn'k leL;k ds fy, foYdkady] foVuksa] ijh{k.kksa ,oa dksyxksjho Leuksa o ijh{k.k] ek=kvksa dk
oaVu&eqDr fo'okL;rk varjkyksa vkSj caVu Qyuksa ds fy, fo'okL;rk&if;kA
vuqfed ijh{k.k lEcU/kh /kkj.kk, okYVl dk ,lihvkjVh] mldk lhlh vkSj ,,e,u QyuA
3- jSf[kd vuqfefr vkSj cgqpj fo'ys"k.k
U;wure oxZ fl)kar vkSj lkj.k fo'ys"k.k tkM~l& ekdksZQ fl)kar vlkekU; lehdj.k] U;wure oxZ
vkdyu vkSj mudh ifj'kq)rk lkFkZdrk ijh{k.k vkSj varjky vkdyu dks ,d= f}/kk vkSj f=/kk oxhZr vkadM+ksa
esa U;wure oxZ fl)kar ij vk/kkfjr lg&lekJ;.k fo'ys"k.k jSf[kd lekJ;.k] lg&laca/k vkSj lekJ;.k ds ckjs
esa vkdyu vkSj ijh{k.k o] jSf[kd lekJ;.k rFkk yfEcd] cgqin] lekJ;.k dh jsf[kdrk ds fy;s ijh{k.kA
cgqpj lkekU; caVu] cgqY; lekJ;.k] cgq lg&laca/k vkSj vkaf'kd lg&laca/k egkyuohl Mh& 2 vkSj gksVfyax
Vh& 2 vkadM+s vkSj muds vuq;ksx Mh&2 vkSj Vh& 2 caVuksa O;qRifk;ksa dks NksM+dj fQ'kj dk fofoDrj
fo'ys"k.kA
[k.M& II (Section- II)
1- frp;u fl)kar vkSj ;ksxkssa dh vfHkdYiukA
frp;u dk Lo:Ik vkSj fopkj&{ks= ljl ;kn`fPNd frp;u frLFkkiuk ds lkFk mlds fcuk ifjfer
lef"V ls frp;u ekud =qfV;ksa dk vkdyu] leku kf/koDrkvksa ds lkFk frp;u vkSj ihih,l frp;uA
Lrjhr ;knqfPNd rFkk ec) frp;u f}pj.k vkSj cgqpj.k frp;u] cgqpj.k vkSj xqPN frp;u
.kkfy;kA
lef"V dk vkdyu ;ksx vkSj vfu;feur vkSj vufeur vkdyuksa dk ;ksx lgk;d pj] nqgjk frp;u]
vkdyu ykxr vkSj lkj.k Qyuksa dh ekud =qfV;ksa] vuqikr vkSj lekJ;.k vkdyu vkSj mudh lkis{k {kerk]
Hkkjr esa gky gh esa vk;ksftr o`gnkdkj losZ{k.kksa ds fo'ks"k lanHkZ esa frn'kZ losZ{k.k dk vk;kstu vkSj laxBuA
;ksxkRed vfHkdYiukvksa ds fu;e] lhvkjMh] vkjchMh] ,y,lMh vkIr {ksed fof/k] cgqmiknkuh
;ksx 2n vkSj 3n vfHkdYi lEiw.kZ vkSj vkaf'kd ladj.k rFkk vkaf'kd iqujko`fk dk O;kid fl}kar foHkDr {ks=
dk fo'ys"k.k chvkbZch vkSj ljy tkyd vfHkdYiuk,A
2- bathfu;fjax lkaf[;dh

43
 xq.k dh /kkj.kk vkSj fu;a=.k dk vk'k; fofHk dkj dk fu;a=.k rkfydk,& tSls& ,Dl&vkj] lafp=
ih&lafp=] ,u ih&lafp=] Mh&lafp= rFkk lap;h ;ksx fu;a=ksa lafp=A
frn'khZ fujh{k.k cuke 'kr&fr'kr fujh{k.k xq.k ijh{k.k gsrq ,Dl] f}'k cgqy vkSj vuqfed] frp;u
vk;kstuk, vkslh] ,,l,u vkSj ,VhvkbZ o mRiknd tksf[ke vkSj miHkksDrk tksf[ke dh dYiuk
,;w,y] ,thD;w,y] ,yVhihMh vkfn ij frp;u vk;kstuk,A
fo'oluh;rk vuqj{k.kks;Zrk vkSj miyC/krk dh ifjHkk"kk& thou fun'kZ caVu foQyrk nj vkSj mi uyh
foQyrk nj ls pj.kkradh vkSj oh;qy fun'kZ fnuFkZ Jsf.k;ksa vkSj lekarj J`[kykvksa vkSj vU; ljy foU;klksa dh
fo'oluh;rk& fofHk dkj dh vfrfjDrk( tSls& xje vkSj Ba<k vkSj fo'oluh;rk& lq/kkj vfrfjDrk dk
mi;ksx& vk;q ijh{k.k lEcU/kh leL;k,& pj ?kkrkadh ekWMy ds fy, lafMr :Vhu ;ksxA
3- laf;k foKku
laf;k foKku dk {ks= vkSj mldh ifjHkk"kk] fofHk dkj ds funsZ'k& mudks cukuk vkSj gy fudkyuk&
lkekaxh vlarr dky] ekdkZso] foJ`[kyk, lae.k kf/kdrk vkO;wg] voLFkkvksa dk oxhZdj.k vkSj v;frk; es;]
lekaxh larr dky ekdksZo J`a[kyk, iafDr fl)kar ds kFkfed rRo ,e,evkbZ vkSj ,e,eds dh iafDr;k]
e'khuksa O;frdj.k dh leL;k vkSj thvkbZ@,e@vkbZ vkSj ch@thvkbZ iafDr;kA
oSKkfud rkfydk cU/k dh ifjdYiuk vkSj rkfydk leL;kvksa dks fo'ys"k.kkRed lajpuk] vxzrk dky ds
lkFk vkSj blds fcuk fu/kkZj.kkRed vkSj lkekO; ekaxs ds lkekU; uewus cka/k dkj ds fo'ks"k lUnHkZ esa Hk.Mkj.k
ds uewusA
jSf[kd ksxzkeu leL;k dk Lo:Ik vkSj :ikUo;u ,D/kkf;k f}oj.k i}fr vkSj dkeZl] fyepjksa ds lkFk
j& i)fr jSf[kd dk;Ze dk }r fl)kar vkSj mldk vkfFkZd fuca/ku] lqxzkfgr fo'ys"k.k ifjogu vkSj
fu;kstu leL;k,A
csdkj vkSj [kjkc phtksa dk frLFkkiu lkewfgd vkSj oS;fDrd frLFkkiu uhfr;kA
lax.kdksa dk ifjp; vkSj QksVksu e.k ds vk/kkjHkwr rRo fufoZ"V vkSj fuxZr ds fooj.kksa ds fy, :Ik]
fofunsZ'ku vkSj rkfdZd dFku ,oa miusedk,A dqN lkekU; lakf[;dh;A leL;kvksa ds lUnHkZ esa vuq;ksxA
4- ek=kRed vFkZ'kkL=
dy Js.kh dh ifjdYiuk ladYiukRed vkSj xq.kkRed] fun'kZ/kkj iVdksa esa foHksnu] eqDrgLr vkjs[k.k ls
fr dk fu/kkZj.k] xfrx eku ek/; vkSj xf.krh; odlaeatu =qMfuIM lwpdkad vkSj ;kn`fPNd ?kVdksa ds
lkj.k dk vkdyuA lwpdkadksa dh ifjHkk"kk] jpuk fuokZpu vkSj ifjlhek,] ysLesjs ik'oZ bMoFkZ&ek'kZy vkSj
fQ'kj lwpdkad] mudh rqyuk] lwpdkad ijh{k.k] thou fuokZg lwpdkad ds ewY; dh jpukA
miHkksDrk ekx dk fl)kar vkSj fo'ys"k.k ekx Qyuksa dk fofunsZ'ku vkSj vkdyu&ekx dh yksp] mRiianu
fl}kar] iwfrZ Qyu vkSj ykspsZ fuf"V ekx Qyu] ,d lehdj.k funsZ'k esa kpy dk vkDyufpj] frf"Br
U;wure oxZ] lk/kkj.khr U;wure oxZ] fo"k; fopkfr Js.khxr lg&laca/k cgqlaja[krk] f}/k vkSj f=/kk =qfV;k&
;qxir lehdj.k fun'kZ&frfu/kkZj.k] dksVks vkSj ; frca/k vR;{k U;wure oxZ vkSj f}pj.k U;wure oxZ
vYidkyhu vkfFkZd iwokZuwekuA
5- tu lkaf[;dh; vkSj euksfefr
tu lkaf[;dh; rRoksa ds lzksr& tux.kuk iathdj.k jk"Vh; frn'kZ losZ{k.k vkSj vU; tu lkaf[;dh;
losZ{k.k& tu lkaf[;dh; vkadM+ksa dh lhek, vkSj mi;ksxA
thou lEcU/kh nj vkSj vuqikr% ifjHkk"kk fuekZ.k vkSj mi;ksxA
thou lkjf.k;k& lEiw.kZ vkSj laf{kIr tUe&ej.k ds vkadM+ksa vkSj tux.kuk ds foojf.k;ksa ds vk/kkj ij tho
lkjf.k;ksa dk fuekZ.k] thou lkjf.k;ksa ds mi;ksxA
o`f)?kkr vkSj tuo`f) o t.ku 'kfDr dk ekiu& ldy vkSj fucy tuu njsaA
LFkk;h tula[;k fl)kar& tu lkaf[;dh; koyksa ds vkdyu esa LFkk;h vkSj LFkk;hdYi tula[;k frf/k;kA
vLoLFkrk vkSj mldk ekiu& e`R;q ds dkj.k ds vk/kkj ij ekud oxhZdj.k& LokLF; losZ{k.k vkSj vLirky ds
vkadM+ksa dk mi;ksxA
f'k{kk vkSj euksfoKku ls lacaf/kr frn'kZu& iSekuksa vkSj ijh{k.kksa dk ekudhdj.k o`f) yfC/k ds ijh{k.k&ijh{k.kksa
dh fo'oluh;rk vkSj Vh ,oa tsM ledA

44
 28- k.kh foKku
[k.M& I (Section- I)
vjTtqdksa vkSj jTtqdh] ifjfLFkfr foKku] tSookfldh] tho lkaf[;dh ,oa vFkZ k.kh foKku
Hkkx ^^d**
vjTtqdh vkSj jTtqdh
1- fofHk la?kksa dk lkekU; losZ{k.k fofo/k fQyk dk oxhZdj.k laca/kA
2- ksVkstksvk% lajpuk dk v/;;u] iSjkehf'k;u tSookfldh dk thou bfrgkl] eksukslk;ksfVl] eysfj;k ijthoh]
fViukslksek vkSj yh'esfu;kA ksVkstksvk esa xeu] is"k.k rFkk tuuA
3- iksfjQsjk% uky ra= vkSj dadky rFkk tuuA
4- lhyuVsV% thfofy;k vkSj vksfjfy;k dh lajpuk vkSj thou o`k] gkbMkstksvk esa cgq:irk] dksjy fuekZ.k]
esVktsusfll] flaMsfj;k vkSj ,fouMfj;k esa tkfro`r laca/kA
5- gSyfeFkl% Iysfufj;k dh lajpuk vkSj thouo`k] Qflvksyk] VSfu;k vkSj ,ldkfj;k] iSjkfLVd :ikUrj.k]
gSyfeFkl dk ekuo ls laca/kA
6- ,susfyMk% usjhl] dsapqvk vkSj tksad] lksykse vkSj fo[k.Mrk ikfydsVl esa thoup;kZA
7- vkFkksZiksMk% iyheku] fcPNw] frypk ,oe~ dLVs'ek esa fMEe dkj vkSj ijthforA vkFkksZiksMk esa eq[kkax n`f"V
vkSj Lo'ku] dkaVksa esa lkekftd thou vkSj dk;karj.kA ifjisV~l dk egRoA
8- eksyLdk% ;qfu;ksa vkSj fiyk 'kqfDr dh laLd`fr vkSj eksrh fuekZ.k lsQkyksihMlA
9- ,dksuksMjesVk% lkekU; laxBu] fMEe dkj vkSj ,dksuksMjesVk dh ln`Lrk,aA
10- lkekU; laxBu ,oa pfj=] ksVksdksjMkVk dh :i js[kk] oxhZdj.k vkSj varlca/kA ikbll] ,efQfc;k
jSifVYyk] ,o vkSj Lru/kkjh oxZA
11- U;wVh vkSj frxkeh dk;karj.kA
12- d'ks:fd;ksa dh fofHk .kkfy;ksa dk rqyukRed vk/kkj ij lkekU; v/;;uA
13- yksdksekslu% eNfy;ksa esa olu vkSj 'oluA fMiuksbZ dh lajpuk vkSj ln`'rk,A
14- ,fEQfc;k dh mRifk] foLrkj] ;wjksMsyk vkSj viksMk dh 'kjhj jpuk] fo'ks"krk vkSj ln`'rk,A
15- jsIVkbYl dh mRifk] jsiVkbYl esa vHkquwdqyh fofdj.k jsIVkbYl thok'k;] Hkkjr ds fo"kSys vkSj fo"kghu l
ds fo"k ;a=A
16- if{k;ksa dh mRifk] mM+ku jfgr i{kh] if{k;ksa dk gokbZ] vH;kuqdqyu vkSj okluA
17- Lru/kkfj;ksa dh mRifk] o.kZofo/k;ksa esa Lru/kkfj;ksa vfLFkdk, Lru/kkfj;ksa esa nar foU;kl vkSj fLdu
fMjkbosfVo foLrkj ksVks/kkfj;ksaA ksVksFksfj;k ,oa esFkkFksfj;k dh lajpkuRed fo'ks"krk, vkSj tkfr fodklh;
laca/kA
Hkkx ^^[k**
ifjfLFkfr foKku] ekuo d`fr foKku] tho lkaf[;dh; vkSj vFkZ kf.k foKkuA
ifjfLFkfr foKku] ekuo fr foKku
1- Ik;kZoj.k% vthch frdkjd vkSj muds dkethoh frdkjd vkSj muds vUrj ,oa vH;karj fof'k"V la?kA
2- Ik'kq% tho la[;k la?kVu vkSj leqnk; Lrj] ifjcfLFkd iwokZu:irkA
3- ifjfLFkfr .kkyh% lacks/k] la?kVd /kku f;k mtkZ lzkfo] tho Hkw&jlk;u p] Hkkstu J`a[kyk vkSj iks"k.k
LrjA
4- LoPN ikuh esa vuqdqyu] vckcksy vkSj LFkypkjh vkoklA
5- ok;q nw"k.k ty vkSj FkyA
6- Hkkjr esa oU; thou vkSj bldk laj{k.kA
7- fofHk dkj ds kf.k;ksa ds vkpj.k dk lkekU; losZ{k.kA
8- gkmeksl vkSj Qkjeksl dk vkpj.k esa dk;ZA
9- o.kZtho foKku] thou lEcU/kh Cykd] ekSleh fjFkEl] csyk fjFkElA
10- raf=dk var%lzkoh dk vkpj.k ij fu;a=.kA
11- Ik'kq vkpj.k dh v/;;u i)frA

45
tho lkaf[;dh%
12- uequk o i)fr] foLrkj] vko`fk vkSj eki dh e/; o`fk ekud fopyu] ekud =qfV vkSj ekud fopfyr]
lg&laca/k vkSj ijkokZu vkSj fpLDok;V vkSj Vh VSLVA
vFkZ kf.k foKku%
13- ijthfork] lgHkksftrk vkSj ijthoh vfrFks; lEcU/kA
14- ijthoh ksVkstksvk] d`fe vkSj ekuo ds dhVk.kq vkSj ?kjsyw tkuoj] Qly uk'kh dhM+s vkSj mRikn lap;A
15- ykHknk;d dhM+sA
16- eRL;ikyu vkSj tuu gsrq Hkkfor djukA
[k.M& II (Section- II)
dksf'kdk tho foKku] vkuqoaf'kdh] deZfodkl vkSj oxhZr tho jlk;u] 'kjhj f;k foKku vkSj Hkwz.k foKku
Hkkx ^^d**
dksf'kdk tho foKku] vkuqoaf'kdh e fodkl vkSj oxhZr tho foKkuA
1- dksf'kdk tho foKku& dksf'kdk vkSj dksf'kdk vo;oksa dh lajpuk vkSj dk;Z] dsUdkas Iystek f'kYyh lw=
df.kdk xfr dh lajpuk] xksYthdk;] vUrO;h tkfydk rFkk jkbckslkse dksf'kdk&foHkktu] lelw=h rdZ
vkSj xq.klw=d vkSj ekbvksfllA
tho lajpuk vkSj dk;Z] Mh,u, dk okVlu hd ekMy Mh,u, vkuqoaf'kdh dwV dk frdj.k]
ksVhu] la'ys"k.k] dksf'kdh foHksnu] fyax xq.k lw= vkSj fyax fu/kkZfjrA
2- vkuqoaf'kdh& oa'kkuqe ds eSUMsfy;u fu;e] iqu;ksZtu] lgyXurk vkSj lgyEur fp=A cgq fodYih
mRifjoZru] kfrd vkSj sfjr mRifjoZru vkSj fodklA vf/klwph foHkktu] xq.klw= la[;k vkSj dkj]
lajpukRed iquO;ZoLFkk] cgqxqf.krk dksf'kdk O;h oa'kkuqe tSo jklk;fud vkuqoaf'kdh ekul vkuqoaf'kdh ds
rRo] lkekU; vkSj vlkekU; dsUd] :Ik thu vkSj jksx] lqtuu foKkuA
3- fodkl vkSj oxhZr& thouksn~xe fopkj/kkjk ds bfrgkl dh mRifk] ykekdZ vkSj mudh fr;k] MkfoZu
vkSj mudh fr;k] dkcZfud fofo/krk ds lzksr vkSj dkj] kfrd p;u] gMZfcu oxZ fu;e] jgL;e; vkSj
Hk;lwpd jatu] vuqgj.k ikFkZD; f;k fof/k vkSj mudk egRoA ohik; tho tUrq tkfr vkSj mi tkfr dh
ladYiukA oxhZdj.k kf.k oSKkfud ukekoyh vkSj varjkZ"Vh; ladsrkoyh ds fl}karA thok'e Hkw&oSKkfud
xq.kksa dh :I js[kk( ?kksM+k] gkFkh] aV dk tkfr o`fkA euq"; dk mn~Hko vkSj fodkl] kf.k;ksa ds egk}hih;
forj.k ds fl)kar vkSj fu;e] fo'o ds kf.k HkkSxksfyd ifjeaMyA
Hkkx ^^[k**
tho jlk;u 'kjhj foKku] Hkzw.k&foKku
1- thou& jlk;u dkcksZgkbMsV dh lajpuk] feJ.k fyfiMl vfeuks{kj ksVhu ,oa U;wfDyd {kkj Xykdksykbfll
rFkk dcZ p] tkj.k rFkk U;wurk tkjd QksLQkfjys'kuA tkZ j{k.k rFkk fuLrkj] ,Vhih p] ,,eih
lq[kk, vkSj fcuk lq[kk,A QSVh {kkj dksyLVksy LVksjkbM gkjeksUl ds ,fUtEl ds dkj] ,fUtuksa f;k dk
iathdj.k bE;wuksXykscqfyUl rFkk NwVdkjk] foVkfeUl rFkk DoksbfUtEl] gkjeksUl] mudk oxhZdj.k] tho
la'ys"k.k rFkk dk;ZA
2- Lruh; tarqvksa ds fo'ks"k lUnHkZ lfgr 'kjhj foKku] jDr jpuk ekuo esa jDr xqzi& teko f;k] vkWDlhtu
rFkk dkcZu MkbZvkDlkbM okgu gseksXykschu lkal f;k rFkk blds fu;eu] usku rFkk ew= fojpuk] ,flM
csl osysal rFkk gksfe;ksLVsfll] ekuo rki fofu;e] ,Dlksu vkSj lkbusIl ds lfgr ;kaf=d laogu U;wjks
VkalehVj n`f"V =ko.k rFkk vU; =o.k laxzkgd] is'kk ds dkj] vYVkLVDplZ rFkk dadky isf'k;ksa dk
fldqM+u] ykj xzafFk dh Hkwfedk] ftxj] ikpu esa vxU;k'k;ksa rFkk vka= xzfUFk] ips Hkkstu dk vo'ks"k.k] euq";
dk iks"k.k rFkk larqfyr vkgkj] ftU;kl rFkk isUVkbM gkjeksUl ds dk;Z ds ;a=hdj.k gkbiksFkSysEkl dh
Hkwfedk] I;wf"k dk FkkbZjkbM] iSjkFkkbjkbM] iSaf;kt] ,Mjsuy] VsfLV;k] vaMk'k; rFkk fifu;y vax rFkk muds
varyEcu ekuoksa ls iqujkZRiknu dk 'kjhj foKku euq"; vkSj dhVk.kq ls gkjeksUl fu;a=.k dk fodkl]
dhVk.kqvksa rFkk Lruikb;ksa esa iSjkseksUlA
3- Hkzw.k foKku& xsfeVkstsusfll] moZjhdj.k] vaMksa ds dkj] Dyhost] czkft;ksLVksek esa xSzLVsys'ku rd fodkl]
es<+d vkSj pwts] es<+d vkSj pwtksa dk HkkT; fp=] es<+d esa esVkeksjQksfll] pwtksa esa vfrfjDr ,fEczlsd Le`fr;ksa
dk xBu rFkk HkkX; ,efuvku dk xBu] Lruikf;;ksa esa ,yuVksbl rFkk IyslsUVk ds VkbIl] Lruikf;;ksa esa
IyslsaVk ds dk;Z vk;kstd iqufeZfu;kstu fodkl dk tSusfVd fu;a=.k] dsUh; raf=dk i)fr dk
vkjxuhtsusfll KkusfU;k] cfVczsV ,oa ;ksx dk fny rFkk xqnsZA ekuo ds laca/k esa vk;q vkSj mldk
my>uA

46
 29- fgUnh Hkk"kk vkSj lkfgR;
[k.M& I (Section- I)
1- fgUnh Hkk"kk dk bfrgkl%&
1 viHkza'k vog~V vkSj kjafHkd fgUnh dh O;kdj.kh vkSj 'kkfCnd fo'ks"krk,A
2 e/;dky esa vo/kh vkSj czt Hkk"kk dk lkfgfR;d Hkk"kk ds :Ik esa fodklA
3 19oha 'krkCnh esa [kM+h cksyh fgUnh dk lkfgfR;d Hkk"kk ds :Ik esa fodklA
4 nsoukxjh fyfi vkSj fgUnh Hkk"kk dk ekudhdj.kA
5 Lok/khurk la?k"kZ ds le; fgUnh dk jk"VHkk"kk ds :Ik esa fodklA
6 Lora=rk ds ckn Hkkjr la?k dh jktHkk"kk ds :Ik esa fgUnh dk fodklA
7 fgUnh dk eq[; mi&Hkk"kk, vkSj mudk ikjLifjd lEcU/kA
8 ekud fgUnh ds eq[k O;kdjf.kd y{k.kA
2- fgUnh lkfgR; dk bfrgkl&
1 fgUnh lkfgR; dk eq[k dkyksa( vFkkZr~ vkfn dky] HkfDr dky] jhfrdky] HkkjrsUnq dky] f}osnh dky vkfn
dh eq[; o`fk;kA
2 vk/kqfud fgUnh dh Nk;kokn] jgL;okn] xfrokn] ;ksxokn] ubZ dfork] ubZ dgkuh] vdfork vkfn eq[;
lkfgfR;d xfrfof/k;k vkSj o`fk;ksa dh eq[k fo'ks"krk,A
3 vk/kqfud fgUnh ds miU;kl vkSj ;FkkFkZokn dk vkfoHkkZoA
4 fgUnh esa jax'kkyk vkSj ukVd dk laf{kIr bfrgklA
5 fgUnh esa lkfgR; lekykspuk ds fl)kar vkSj fgUnh ds eq[k lekykspdA
6 fgUnh esa lkfgfR;d fo/kkvksa dk mn~Hko vkSj fodklA
[k.M& II (Section- II)
bl 'u i= esa fu/kkZfjr ikB~; iqLrdksa dk eqDr :Ik esa v/;;u visf{kr gksxk vkSj ,sls 'u iwNs tk;saxs] ftuls
mEehnokj dh leh{kk {kerk dh ijh{kk gks lds&
dchj % dchj xazFkkoyh kjEHk ds 200 in] la ';ke lqanj nkl
lwjnkl % Hkzejxhr lkj kjEHk ds dsoy 200 in
rqylhnkl % jkepfjrekul dsoy v;ks/;kdkaM] dfcrkoyh dsoy mkjdkaM
HkkjrsUnq gfj'pU % va/ksj uxjhA
sepUn % xksnku] ekuljksoj Hkkx ,d
t;'kadj lkn % pUxqIr] dkek;uh dsoy fpark] J)k] yTtk vksj bM+k lxZA
jkepU 'kqDy % fpUrkef.k igyk Hkkx] kjEHk ds 10 fucU/k
lw;ZdkUr f=ikBh fujkyk % vukfedk dsoy ljkst Le`fr vkSj jke dh 'kfDr iwtkA
,l,p okRL;k;u vKs; % 'ks[kj ,d thouh nks Hkkx
xtkuu ek/ko eqfDrcks/k % pkan dk eqg Vs<+k gS dsoy va/ksjs esa

30- vaxzsth Hkk"kk vkSj lkfgR;

[k.M& I (Section- I)
lkfgR; ;qx 19oha 'krkCnh dk foLr`r v/;;uA
bl 'u i= esa oMZLoFkZ] dkWyfjt] 'kSys] dhV~l] ySEc] gStfyV] FkSdjs] fMdUl] Vsuhlu] jkWcVZ czkmfuax] vkuksZYM]
tkWtZ bfy;V] dkysZ jfLdu ,oe~ ihVj dh jpukvksa ds fo'ks"k lUnHkZ esa 1798 ls 1900 rd ds vaxzsth lkfgR;
dk v/;;u lfEefyr gksxkA
ekSf[kd v/;;u dk ek.k visf{kr gksxkA 'u ,sls iwNs tk;saxs] ftuesa u dsoy fu/kkZfjr ys[kdksa ds laaca/k esa
mEehnokjksa dh tkudkjh dh tkp gksxh] cfYd ml ;qx dk eq[k lkfgfR;d o`fk;ksa ds oks/k dh Hkh tkp gksxhA
vkyksP; ;qx dh lkekftd vkSj lkaLfr Hkwfedk ls lacaf/kr 'u Hkh iwNs tk ldrs gSaA
[k.M& II (Section- II)
bl 'u i= esa fu/kkZfjr ikB~; iqLrdksa dk ewy v/;;u visf{kr gksxk vkSj blesa mEehnokjksa dh leh{kk
;ksX;rk dks tkpus okys 'u iwNs tk;saxs%&
1- 'ksDlfi;j & ,st ;w ykbd bV gsujh IV Hkkx I vkSj Hkkx II, gseysV] n VsEisLV!
2- feYVu & iSjkMkbt ykWLV

47
3- tkWu vLVsu & ,Eek
4- cMZLoFkZ & n sY;qM
5- fMdUl & MSfoM dkijQhYM
6- tkWtZ bfy;V & fefMy ekpZ
7- gkMhZ & twM n vkClD;ksj
8- ;hV~l & bZLVj] 1916
nh lsd.M dfeax okbtsafV;e
, s;j Qkj ekbZ MkWVj ysMh ,.M nh Loku
lsfyax Vw okbZtsafV;e es:
n Vkoj% ,ekax Ldwy fpYMsu ykisl ykWtqfMyh
9- bfy;V & n osLV yS.M
10- Mh ,p ykWjsUl & n jsucks

31- mnwZ Hkk"kk vkSj lkfgR;

[k.M& I (Section- I)
d Hkkjr esa vk;ks dk vkxeu& Hkkjrh; vk;Z Hkk"kk dk rhu pj.kksa& kphu Hkkjrh; vk;Z kHkkvk]
e/;;qxhu Hkkjrh; vk;Z eHkkvk vkSj vokZphu Hkkjrh; vk;Z vHkkvk esa fodYi] vokZphu Hkkjrh; vk;Z
Hkk"kkvksa dk oxhZdj.k& if'peh fgUnh vkSj bldh mi Hkk"kkvksa( [kM+h cksyh] czt Hkk"kk vkSj gfj;k.koha mnwZ dk
[kM+h cksyh ds lkFk laca/k] mnwZ esa Qkjlh] vjch rRo] mkj esa 1200 ls 1800 rd vkSj nf{k.k esa 1400 ls
1700 rd dk mnwZ dk fodklA
[k mnwZ Lor foKku dh egRoiw.kZ fo'ks"krk,& :Ik foKku] okD; jpuk] blds Lor foKku] :Ik foKku vkSj
okD; jpuk esa Qkjlh ,oe~ vjch rRo 'kCn Hk.MkjA
x nfD[kuh mnwZ& bldk mn~Hko vkSj fodYi] bldh egRoiw.kZ Hkk"kk ewyd fo'ks"krk,A
?k nfD[kuh mnwZ lkfgR; 1450&1700 dh egRoiw.kZ fo'ks"krk,& mnwZ lkfgR; dh nks i`"BHkwfe;k( Qkjlh]
vjch vkSj Hkkjrh; eltoha Hkkjrh; dFkk,] mnwZ lkfgR; ij if'pe dk Hkko] 'kkL=h; lkfgR; fo/kk,]
xty] jgL;okn] dlhnk,] :okbZ] fdrk] x| dFkk lkfgR;] vk/kqfud fo/kk,] vuqkar NUn] eqDr Nan]
miU;kl] dgkfu;k] ukV~; lkfgR; leh{kk vkSj fucU/kA
[k.M& II (Section- II)
bl 'u i= esa fu/kkZfjr ikB~;eksa dk ewy v/;;u visf{kr gksxk vkSj blesa ,sls 'u iwNs tk;sax]s ftuls
mEehnokj dh leh{kk {kerk dh ijh{kk gks ldsA
x|
1- ehj vEeu ckx&vks&cgkj
2- xkfyc [krwds xkfyc@vatweu rjDdh&,&mnwZ
3- dyheqhu vgen mnwZ radhn ij ,d utj
4- :Lok mejk&vks tkWu&vnk
5- sepUn okjnkr
6- vcqy dyke vktkn /kqcj&,&[kkfrj
7- bfEr;kt vyh rkt vukjdyh
i|
8- ehj bfr[kkcs dykes&ehj lEik vCnqy gd
9- lkSnk dlkbn gtkfo;kr lfgr
10- xkfyc nhokus xkfyc
11- bdcky ckyk , ftczkby
12- tks'k eyhgkcknh lSQks lwcw
13- 'kkg vthekcknh dqfyokrs 'kkn
14- QSt dykes QSt lEiw.kZ

48
 32- caxyk Hkk"kk vkSj lkfgR;
[k.M& I (Section- I)
1- caxyk Hkk"kk dk bfrgkl%
1caxyk Hkk"kk dk mn~xe vkSj fodkl
2caxyk dh eq[k mi Hkk"kk,
3lk/kq Hkk"kk vkSj pfyr Hkk"kk
4okuhZ i)fr] o.kZekyk vkSj fyI;Urj.k jkseuhdj.k ds fo'ks"k lUnHkZ esa ekudhdj.k vkSj lq/kkj dh leL;k,A
2- caxyk lkfgR; dk bfrgkl% Nk=ksa ls fuEufyf[kr dh tkudkjh visf{kr gS%&
1kphu dky ls vk/kqfud dky rd dk caxyk lkfgR; dk bfrgklA
2caxyk lkfgR; dh lkekftd vkSj lkaLfrd i`"BHkwfeA
3caxyk lkfgR; dh lkaLfrd i`"BHkwfeA
4caxyk lkfgR; ij ik'pkR; HkkoA
5vk/kqfud o`fk;kA
[k.M& II (Section- II)
bl 'u i= esa fu/kkZfjr ikB~; iqLrdksa dk ewy v/;;u visf{kr gksxk vkSj ,sls 'u iwNs tk;saxs] ftuls
mEehnokj dh leh{kk {kerk dh ijh{kk gks lds%&

1- oS".ko inkoyh
2- eqdqan jke paMheaxy
3- ekbdsy e/kqlqnu nk es/kukFk o/k dkO;
4- cafde pU pksik/;k; ".k dkarsjfoy deyk dkarsj] fnIrkj
5- jchU ukFk Bkdqj xYixqPN 1 fp=k iqu'p jDr djch
6- 'kjr pU pksik/;k; Jhdkar 1
7- eFk pkS/kjh cU/k laxzg 1
8- foHkwfr Hkw"k.k cUnksik/;k; iFksj ikapkyh
9- rkjk'kadj cUnksik/;k; x.knsork
10- thokukuUn nkl ouyrk lsu

33- laLr Hkk"kk vkSj lkfgR;

[k.M& I (Section- I)
blesa pkj Hkkx gksaxsA
Hkkx 1- d laLr Hkk"kk dk mn~Hko vkSj fodkl Hkkjrh; ;wjksih; ls e/; Hkkjrh; vk;Z Hkk"kkvksa rd dsoy
lkekU; :Ik js[kkA
[k laf/k] dkjd] lekl vkSj okD; ij fo'ks"k cy lfgr O;kdj.k dh eq[k fo'ks"krk,A
Hkkx 2- lkfgR; ds bfrgkl dk lk/kkj.k Kku vkSj lkfgR; leh{kk ds eq[k fl}karA egkdkO; ukVd] x|]
dkO;] xhfr dkO; vkSj laxzg&xzaFk vkfn lkfgfR;d fo/kkvksa dk mn~Hko vkSj fodklA
Hkkx 3- kphu Hkkjrh; laLfr vkSj n'kZu] ftlesa o.kkZJe O;oLFkk] laLdkj vkSj eq[k nk'kZfud o`fk;ksa ij
fo'ks"k cy fn;k tk,A
Hkkx 4- laLr esa y?kq fucU/k
fVIi.kh%& Hkkx 3 vkSj 4 ds 'uksa ds mkj laLr esa fy[kus gSaA
[k.M& II (Section- II)
bl [k.M esa nks Hkkx gksaxsA
Hkkx& 1- fuEufyf[kr fr;ksa dk lkekU; v/;;u
d dBksifu"kn~
[k Hkxon~xhrk
x cq)pfjre~ v'o?kks"k

49
?k LoIu oklonke~ & Hkkl
vfHkKku'kkdqUrye~ dkfynkl
p es/knwre~ dkfynkl
N j?kqoa'ke~ dkfynkl
t dqekjlaHkoe~ dkfynkl
> e`PNdfVde~ 'kwd
fdjkrktqZuh;e~ Hkkjfo
V f'k'kqikyo?ke~ ek/k
B mkj jkepfjre~ HkoHkwfr
M eqkjk{kle~ fo'kk[kknk
< us"k/kh;pfjre~ Jhg"kZ
.k jktrjafXM+.kh dYg.k
r uhfr'krde~ HkrZgfj
Fk dknEcjh ok.kHk
n g"kZpfjre~ ok.kHk
/k n'kdqekjpfjre~ n.Mh
u cks/k pUksn;e~ d`".k feJ
Hkkx& 2- pquh gqbZ fuEufyf[kr ikB~; lkexzh ds ekSfyd v/;;u dk ek.k& ikB~;xzaFk% dsoy bUgha xzaFkksa ls
ikBxr 'u iwNs tk;saxs
1- dBksifu"kn~ v/;k; 1 & r`rh; cYyh 'yksd 10 ls 15 rd
2- Hkxon~ xhrk v/;k; 2 'yksd 13 ls 25 rd
3- cq) pfjr r`rh; lxZ 'yksd 1 ls 10 rd
4- LoIu cklonke~ "k"Bh vad
5- vfHkKku 'kdqUrye~ prqFkZ vad
6- es?knwre~ kjfEHkd 'yksd 1 ls 10 rd
7- fdjkrktqZuh;e~ Fke lxZ
8- mkj jkepfjre~ r`rh; vad
9- uhfr'krde~& 'yksd 1 ls 10 rd
10- dknEcjh 'kqduklksins'k
11- dkSfVY; vFkZ'kkL=& Fke vf/kdj.k] Fke dj.k& nwljk v/;k; tks] 'kh"kZd% fo|klke`slkg] ra=
vufodfldh LFkkiuk rFkk lkrok dj.k& X;kjgok v/;k; 'kh"kZd x`iqj'kksRifri fu/kkZfjr laLdj.k vkSj
vkjih dkaxy] dkSfVY; vFkZ'kkL=] Hkkx& 01 ,d vkykspukRed laLdj.k] eksrhyky cukjlh nkl] fnYyh&
1986-
Hkkx la[;k& 02 dh fVIi.kh& de&ls&de 25 fr'kr vad okys 'uksa ds mkj laLr esa gksus pkfg;sA

34- Qkjlh Hkk"kk vkSj lkfgR;

[k.M& I (Section- I)
1- v Qkjlh Hkk"kk dk mn~Hko vkSj fodkl :i js[kk
vk Qkjlh ds O;kdj.k] dkO; 'kkL= vkSj fiaxy dh eq[k fo'ks"krk,A
2- lkfgR; dk bfrgkl vkSj leh{kk& lkfgfR;d vkanksyu 'kkL=h vk/kkj] lkekftd] lkaLfrd Hkko vkSj
vk/kqfud o`fk;k& vk/kqfud lkfgfR;d fof/k;ksa dk mn~Hko vkSj fodkl] ftuesa ukVd] miU;kl] y?kq dFkk,
,oe~ fucU/k 'kkfey gSaA
3- Qkjlh esa y?kq fucU/kA
[k.M& II (Section- II)
bl 'u i= esa fu/kkZfjr ikB~; iqLrdksa dk ekSfyd v/;;u visf{kr gksxk vkSj blesa ,sls 'u iwNs tk;saxs]
ftlls mEehnokj dh leh{kk {kerk dh ijh{kk gks ldsA
1- fQjnkSlh
'kkgukek
1 nkLrku :Lre dk lqgjkcA
50
2 nkLrku fotuok euhtkA
2- futkeh vk:th lejDosnhA
pgkj edkyk
3- [k;~;ke :ckb;kr jnhQ vkfyQ] cs] nkyA
4- feuq psgjh& dlhnk jnhQ yke vkSj feeA
5- ekSykuk :e eluoh igyk Hkkx iwokZ)ZA
6- lknh f'kjkth
xqqfyLrka
7- vehj [kqljks
eteqvk&,&nhoku [kqljks jnhQ&vyhQ vkSj rs
8- gkfQt
nhoku&,&gkfQt iwokZ)ZA
9- vcqy Qt+y
vkbu&,&vdcjh
10- cgkj e'kgwnh
nhoku&,&cgkj Fke Hkkx& iwokZ)Z
11- toky tknhg
;ds cqn ;ds uk cqnA
uksV%& mEehnokjksa dks 25 fr'kr rd vadksa ds 'uksa ds mkj Qkjlh esa nsus gksaxsA

35- vjch Hkk"kk vkSj lkfgR;

[k.M& I (Section- I)
1- d vjch Hkk"kk dk mn~Hko vkSj fodkl :i js[kk
[k vjch Hkk"kk O;kdj.k] vaydkj&'kkL= rFkk NUn 'kkL= dh eq[k fo'ks"krk,
2- lkfgR; dk bfrgkl vkSj lkfgR; lekykspuk] lkfgfR;d vkanksyu] kphu lkfgR; dh i`"BHkwfe] lkekftd
lkaLd`frd Hkko vkSj vk/kqfud xfrfof/k;k( ukVd] miU;kl] dgkuh] fucU/k lfgr vk/kqfud lkfgfR;d
fo/kkvksa dk mn~Hko vkSj fodklA
3- vjch esa y?kq fucU/kA
[k.M& II (Section- II)
bl 'u i= esa fu/kkZfjr ikB~; iqLrdksa dk ewy v/;;u visf{kr gksxk vkSj blesa mEehnokjksa dh
vkykspukRed ;ksX;rk dks tkpus okys 'u iwNs tk;saxsA
dfo%
1 bek:y dsl] mudk ekmYykdg ^^fDQk uodh ehe ft :fofcr dk eaftyh** lEiw.kZ
2 eksgj fnu vFkksZ lqyek% mudk ekmYykdg ,feu vkQk fnueklqu yke rdkyvkeh lEiw.kZ
3 glufcu ckchr] muds nkSjku esa ls fuEufyf[kr ikp dlhns( dlhnk 01 ls 04 ^^fyYygh nk: blkcf'ku
ukne rqge ;kseu fctfyYdk**
4 mejfcu teh jfc;k% mlds nhoku ls 05 xtysaA
1- QyEek rhcdkQuk ;k lykerq mdky cq:nge~ tgkby gqLuq vukrka=d lEiw.kZ
2- ysrk fgUnku vatktkr ;k rsnq ck 'kQr vUQqlksu rkftnq lEiw.kZ
3- drkcrw bykbdh fHku ckynh fdrkc cwrYlfgu Qeknh lEiw.kZ
4- vehu vkmyh uwfeu var xzknhu QkEcqfdQ xknrk xknhu vejkbgu QkeqgTt: lEiw.kZ
5- dksykch Qhgk vkrhdqu edkyu QktjuA
5 Qjtkd muds nhoku ls ;s 04 dlhnk%&
1- tSuqy vkfcnhu vyh fcu gqlSu dh 'kalk esa ^^gktwy uktks rhjksQqy crkm crkrk gwA**
2- mej fcu , vthc dh 'kalk esa ^^Hkkjr ldhurw vrkykgu vuok fcghek**A
3- lbZn fcu vykl dh 'kalk esa ^^ck feu rukeqy vf/k;kkQ vk;uke** lEiw.kZ
4- ^^esfMcs** dh 'kalk esa ^^ck vrykl vYykfyuck edkuk lkfgckuA

51
6 c'kj fcu ew%& mlds nhoku ls fuEufyf[kr nks dlhnk%
01- btk cyxkj j;qy e'kojkrk Q:rkbuu&fojkbZ ulhghu vku ulhgrs gkft lEiw.kZA
02- [kSys;k feu dkfcu vk;uk vDdqek&vYyk njkgh buky djhe eqbuw lEiw.kZA
7 vc uokl% muds nhoku ds igys rhu dlhnsA
8 'kksadh muds nhoku ^^vy 'kkSfj;y** ls fuEufyf[kr ikp dlhns%&
01- ^^xkok cksykme** lEiw.kZA
02- ^^duhler lkjr bYykg efLtnh** lEiw.kZA
03- ^^m'kyw gokdh fyeku /kkyqeq Qk;kt:** lEiw.kZA
04- lyequ feu lCck ojnk vjkDd udokrq fnek'ek lEiw.kZA
05- ^^lykewu uhy ;k xka/kh&ok gtkt tg: feu bunh lEiw.kZA
ys[kd %
1 bcuqy eqDQ eqdnek dks NksM+dj ^^fQfy;kyk ok fnekes** v/;k;% 01 lEiw.kZ ^^vy&lkn ;k vy;kslA**
2 vy tkfgy% vy&ck;ku ckrCchu VII] laiknd% vCnqy lyke eksgEen gk:u dSjks feL= i` 31 ls 85
rdA
3 bcu [kkynqe& mudk eqdkcyk 39& igyh v/;k; ls Hkkx Ng vy~ Qlyqy lafnl feu vy~ fNrkfcy
voky esa ^^ok feu Qq#bZ vy tc: oy eqdkcyk** rd
4 egewn frey mudh iqLrd ^^dkyj jkch ls dgkuh** vEuheqrCyk**
5 rjSfQd vy gdhe& mudh iqLrd( e'kjh;krw] rksfQDy gdkl ls ukVd& fly equrkfgjk
uksV%& mEehnokjksa dks de&ls&de 25 fr'kr vad okys 'uksa ds mkj vjch esa Hkh nsus gksaxsA

36- ikyh Hkk"kk vkSj lkfgR;

[k.M& I (Section- I)
[k.M I ds pkj Hkkx gksaxsA
Hkkx 1- d ikyh Hkk"kk dk mn~Hko vkSj fodkl ;wjksih; ds e/;dkyhu vk;Z Hkk"kk rd lkekU; :ijs[kk ikyh
dk mn~xe LFky vkSj mlds eq[k y{k.kA
[k eq[; O;kdjf.kd y{k.k& fuEufyf[kr dk fo'ks"k /;ku j[krs gq, la/kh dkjd] foHkfDr] lekl]
bRFkksZiPp;] viPp; cks/kd iPp;] vf/kdkj cks/kd iPp; vkSj la[;k cks/kd iPp;A
Hkkx 2- ikyh lkfgR; fiVd vkSj fiVd ijorhZ lkfgR; ds bfrgkl dk lkekU; Kku] ys[ku dh eq[k fo/kk,(
;Fkk fooj.kkRed jpuk,& usfr idj.k fiVdksins'k] fefyUn] i.g] o`Rr lkfgR; nhioa'k] eqgkcjk
vkfn Vhdk lkfgR; cqn~/kr vkRedFkk cqn~/k?kks"k vkSj /kEeiky vkfn] egkdkO;] xn~;dkO;] uhfrdkO;
vkSj dkO; laxzg vkfn lkfgR; fo/kkvksa dk mn~Hko vkSj fodklA
Hkkx 3- cq) iwoZ vkSj cq)kskj Hkkjrh; laLfr rFkk n'kZu ewy rRo] ftuesa fuEufyf[kr ij fo'ks"k /;ku fn;k
tk,% prkfj vkfj; laPpkfu] fryDB.k nqD[k] vaur vkfuPo vkSj pkj vfHkoEHk ijekR; ;Fkkfpr
pSrfld] :Ik vkSj fuCck.kA
Hkkx 4- ikyh esa y?kq fucU/k dsoy ckSn~/k fo"k;ksa ij
Hkkx 03 vkSj 04 ds 'uksa ds mkj ikyh esa nsus gSaA
[k.M& II (Section- II)
blds nks Hkkx gksaxs%&
Hkkx& 1- fuEufyf[kr d`fr;ksa dk lkekU; v/;;u%&
d egkoXx
[k pqYyoXx
x ikfr eksD[k

52
?k nh?k fudk;A
efT>e fudk;A
p la;qDr fudk;
N /kEiin
t lqRr fuikr
> tkrd
FksjxkFkk
V FksjhxkFkk
B /kEelaxf.k
M dFkkoRFkq
< fefyUn i~gks
.k nhioal
r egkoa'k
Fk vlkfyuh
n folqf)eXx
/k vfHk/kEeRFk laxgks
u rsydVkg xkFkk
i lqcks/kkyadkj
Q oqkksn;
Hkkx& 2- fuEufyf[kr pqus gq, ikB~; xzaFkksa ds ewy v/;;u ds laca/k esa ek.k R;sd ikB~; xzaFk ds lkeus fy[ks
xkFkk va'kksa esa ls ikB~; fo"k;d 'u iwNs tk,axs%&
1- egkoXx dsoy egk[ka/kd
2- nh?k fudk; dsoy lkekU; Qy lqk
3- efT>efudk; ewy ifj;k;&lqk vkSj lEekfnf&lqk
4- /kEein dsoy ;ed oXx
5- lqk fuikr dsoy mjx oXx
6- fefyUn i.gks dsoy yD[k.k i.gks
7- egkoa'k Fke laxhfr] nqRrh; laxhfr vkSj r`rh; laxhfr
8- folqf) eXxks dsoy lhy&fusl
9- vfHk/kEeRFk laxgksA
Hkkx 02 ds lEcU/k esa fVIi.kh
1- de&ls&de 25 fr'kr vadksa ds 'uksa ds mkj ikyh esa fy[kus gksaxsA
2- vuqokn rFkk Vhdk ds fy, ifjPNsn ij dks"Bdksa esa fn, x, va'kksa esa ls gh pqus tk;saxsA
37- eSfFkyh Hkk"kk vkSj lkfgR;
[k.M& I (Section- I)

Hkkx& 01- eSfFkyh Hkk"kkd bfrgkl%&

1 eSfFkyh Hkk"kkd mn~xeA
2 Hkkjksih; Hkk"kk ifjokj esa eSfFkyhd LFkkuA
3 eSfFkyh Hkk"kkd ,sfrgkfld fodkleA
4 fgUnh] caxyk] Hkkstiqjh] exgh ,oe~ laFkkyh Hkk"kkd lax eSfFkyhd lEcU/kA
5 eSfFkyhd fofHk cksyhA
6 ekud eSfFkyhd Hkk"kkd fo'ks"krkA
Hkkx& 02- eSfFkyh lkfgR;d bfrgkl%&
1 eSfFkyh lkfgR;d dky foHkktu ,oe~ fofHk dkyd o`fkxr fo'ks"krkA
2 vk/kqfud eSfFkyh dforkd fodklA
3 vk/kqfud eSfFkyh miU;kld fodklA
4 vk/kqfud eSfFkyh ukVdd fodklA
5 vk/kqfud eSfFkyh y?kq dFkkd fodklA

53
6 vk/kqfud eSfFkyh fucU/k ,oe~ vkykspukd fodklA
[k.M& II (Section- II)
,fg&i= esa fu/kkZfjr ikB~; iqLrd lHkd eq[; :i ls v/;;u visf{kr gks,r vkvksj ,gsu&'u lHk
iwNy tk,r tkfglW ijh{kkfFkZd leh{kk& {kerkd ijh{kk ^^Hk** lD,a
1 fo|kifr& fo|kifr xhrkoyh& eSfFkyh vdkneh] iVuk& in la[;k& 01 ls 50 /kfjA
2 xksfoUnnkl& xksfoUn Hktukoyh& eSfFkyh vdkneh] iVuk& in la[;k& 01 ls 50 /kfjA
3 eucks/k& d`".ktUeA
4 pUnk >k& fefFkyk Hkk"kk jkek;.k& lqUnj dk.M ek=A
5 ;k=h& fp=kA
6 vkjlh lkn flag& lw;Zeq[khA
7 eqa'kh j?kquUnu nkl& fefFkyk ukVdA
8 ks gfjeksgu >k& dU;knkuvks f}jkxeuA
9 ks jkeukFk >k& cU/k laxzgA
10 jktdey& yydk ikxA

54
 PRELIMINARY TEST
COMPULSORY SUBJECT
GENERAL STUDIES.
The paper on General Studies will include questions covering the following fields of knowledge:-
General Science
Current events of national and international importance. History of India and salient features of the history of
Bihar.
General Geography and geographical division of Bihar and its major river systems.
Indian Polity and Economy and major changes in the economy of Bihar in the post independence period.
Indian National Movement and the part played by Bihar in it and also Questions on General Mental Ability.
Questions on General Science will cover general appreciation and under-standing of science, including matters of
everyday observation and experience, as may be expected of a well educated person who has not made a special
study of any scientific discipline. In History, emphasis will be on broad general under-standing of the subject in
its social, economic and political aspects. The candidates are expected to be familiar with the broad aspects of the
history of Bihar. In Geography, emphasis will be on geography of India and Bihar. Questions on the Geography
of India and Bihar will relate to physical, social and economic Geography of the country including the main
features of Indian agricultural and natural resources. Questions of Indian Polity and Economy will test
knowledge on the countrys political system, panchayati raj, community development and planning in India and
Bihar. Question on the Indian National Movement will relate to the nature and character of the nineteenth
century resurgence, growth of nationalism and attainment of Independence and candidates will be expected to
answer questions on the role of Bihar in the freedom movement of India.

55
 MAIN EXAMINATION
COMPULSORY PAPER

01- GENERAL HINDI lkekU; fgUnh

bl i= esa 'u fcgkj fo|ky; ijh{kk lfefr ds ek/;fed lsds.Mjh Lrj ds gksaxsA bl ijh{kk esa ljy
fganh esa vius Hkkoksa dks Li"Vr% ,oa 'kq)&'kq) :Ik esa O;Dr djus dh {kerk vkSj lgt cks/k 'kfDr dh tkp
le>h tk;sxhA
vadksa dk fooj.k fuEu dkj gksxk%&
fucU/k & 30 vad
O;kdj.k & 30 vad
okD; foU;kl & 25 vad
la{ksi.k & 15 vad

MAIN EXAMINATION
GENERAL STUDIES
General studies papers I and paper II will cover the following areas of knowledge:-
02. GENERAL STUDIES PAPER- I
(1) Modern History of India and Indian culture.
(2) Current events of national and international importance.
(3) Statistical analysis, graphs and diagrams.
03. GENERAL STUDIES PAPER- II
(1) Indian Polity:
(2) Indian economy and Geography of India; and
(3) The role and impact of science and technology in the development of India.
In paper-I, Modern History of India and Indian Culture will cover the broad history of the country (with special
reference to Bihar) from about the middle of nineteenth century. The modern history of Bihar will include
questions on the introduction and expansion of western education (including technical education). It will also
have questions on Bihars role in the freedom struggle of India. Questions will relate to the Santhal Uprising,
1857 in Bihar, Birsa movement, Champaran Satyagrah and the Quit India Movement 1942. A knowledge of the
chief features of Mauryan and Pal art and Patna Qulam painting will be expected from the examinees. It would
also include questions or Gandhi, Tagore and Nehru. The part relating to statistical analysis, graphs and diagrams
will include exercises to test the candidates ability to draw common sense conclusions from information
presented in statistical, graphical or diagrammatical form and to point out deficiencies, limitations or
inconsistencies therein.
In Paper II, the part relating to Indian Polity, will include questions on the political system in India including
Bihar. In the part pertaining to the Indian Economy and Geography of India, questions will be put on planning in
India and the physical, economic and social geography of India and Bihar. In the third part relating to the role
and impact of science and technology in the development of India, questions will be asked to test the candidates
awareness of the role and impact of science and technology in India and Bihar Emphasis will be on applied
aspects.

56
 04. AGRICULTURE
Section- I
Ecology and its relevance to man, natural resources, their management and conservation. Physical and social
environment as factors of crop distribution and production. Climatic elements as factors of crop growth, impact
of changing environment on cropping pattern as indicators of environments. Environmental pollution and
associated hazards to crops, animals and humans.
Agro-climatic Zones of Bihar; Cropping pattern in different agro-climatic zones of the country-with special
reference to North Bihar, South Bihar, and Chotanagpur and Santhal Pargana plateau. Impact of high-yielding
and short duration varieties on shifts in cropping patterns in Bihar. Concept of multiple cropping, mixed
cropping, relay and inter-cropping and their importance in relation to food production. Package of practices for
production of important cereals, pulses, oilseeds, fibre, sugar and commercial crops grown during kharif and rabi
seasons in different regions of the country. Important spices crops of Bihar-chillies, ginger, turmeric and
coriander.
Important features, scope and propagation of various types of forestry plantations, such as extension/social
forestry, agro forestry and natural forests.
Weeds, their characteristics, dissemination and association with various crops, their multiplication; integrated
weed management; cultural, biological and chemical control of weeds.
Processes and factors of solid formation, classification of Indian soils including modern concepts, Major soil
types of Bihar; Mineral and organic constituents of soils and their role in maintaining soil productivity. Problem
soils-extent and distribution in India; Problems of soil salinity, alkalinity and acidity and their management.
Essential plant nutrients and other beneficial clements in soil and plants, their occurrence, factors aftecting their
distribution, functions and cycling in soils. Symbiotic and non-symbiotic nitrogen fixation, Principles of soil
fertility and its evaluation for judicious fertiler use; bio-fertilers. Problems of Tal Diara and chour lands
inBihar, cropping system in such situations.
Soil conservation planning on water-shed basis, Erosion and runoff management in foot hills and valley
lands; processes and factors aftecting them Dry land agariculture and its problems. Technolgoy for stabilising
agriculture production in rainfed agriculture area.
Water use efficiency in relation to crop production criteria for scheduling irrigations, ways and means of
reducing runoff losses of irrigation water. Drainage of Water-logged soils. Role of different command area
Development Agencies in agricultural development of Bihar.
Farm management, scope, importance and characteristics. Farm planning and budgeting. Economics of
different types of farming systems.
Marketing and pricing of agricultural inputs and outputs; price fluctuations, Types and systems of Farming
and factors affecting them. Role of Co-operative marketing and credit in agricultural development of Bihar.
Trend of agricultural production during the last two decades in Bihar Pace of land reforms in Bihar and
result out impact on agriculatural productivity.
Argicultural extension, its importance and role, methods of evaluation of extension programmes; Important
extension methods and media, rural leader ship, socio-economic survey and status of big, small and marginal
farmers and landless agricultural labourers. Farm mechanation and its role in agricultural production and rural
employment. Training programmes for extension workers. Krishi Vigyan Kendras, role of non-government
organations (N.G.Os) in extension.
Section- II
Genesis and growth of Agricultural research and education system in Bihar.
Application of principles of plant breeding to the improvement of major field crops, methods of breeding of self
and cross-pollinated crops. Introduction selection, hybridation heterosis and its exploitation. Male sterility and
self incompatability, utilation of Mutation and polyploidy in breeding, use of biotechnology and tissue culture in
agriculture.
Heredity and variation, Mendal's law of inheritance, chromosomal theory of inheritance, cytoplasmic
inheritance, sex linked, sex influenced and sex limited characters. spontaneous and induced mutations.
Quantitative characters.
Important recommended varieties of principal crops in Bihar. Origin and domestication of field crops.
Morphology patterns of variation in varieties and related species of important field crops, causes and utilation of
variation in crops improvement.

57
 Seed Technology and its importance; production, processing and testing of seeds of crop plants. Role of
National and State seed organation in production, processing and marketing of improved seed.
Physiology and its significance in agriculture, Nature, physical properties and chemical constitution of
protoplasm, Imbibation, surface tension, diffusion and osmosis. Absorption and translocation of water,
transpiration and water economy.
Eymes and plant pigments photosynthesis, modern concepts and factors affecting the process, aerobic and
anaerobic respiration.
Growth and development: photo periodism and vernalation. Auxim, harmones and other plant regulators
and their mechanism of action and importance in agriculture.
Climatic requirements and cultivation of major fruits and vegetables in Bihar; their recommended package
of practices. Handling and marketing problems of fruits and vegetables; principal methods of preservation,
important fruits and vegetable products. Processing techniques and equipments. Role of fruits and vegetables in
human nutrition; landscape and floriculture including raising of ornamental plants and design and lay-out of
lands and garden.
Diseases and pests of field, vegetable, orchard and plantation crops of Bihar and their causes and
management. Classification of plant diseases; principles of plant diseases control including exclusion,
eradication, immunation and protection. Biological control of pests and diseases. Intergarted management of
pests and diseases. Pesticides and their formulation. Plant quarantine.
Storage pests of cereals and pulses; hygiene of storage godown, preservation and remedial measures.
Hazards of pesticides use and safety measures.
Status and scope of rearing beneficial insects in Bihar; honey bees, silk worm and lac insect. Rice fish
culture in Bihar.
Recurrent menace of flood and drought in Bihar and contingency crop planning, food Production and
consumption trends in India, in general and Bihar, in particular. National and International food policies,
procurement, distribution, processing and production constraints, Relation of food production to national dietary
pattern, major deficiencies of calorie and protein.

05. ANIMAL HUSBANDRY AND VETERINARY SCIENCE

Section- I
1. Animal Nutrition- Energy sources, energy metabolism and requirements for maintenance and production of
milk, meat, eggs and wool. Evaluation of feeds as sources of energy.
1.1 Advanced studies in Nutrition Protein- Sources of protein, metabolism and synthesis, protein quantity and
quality in relation to requirements. Energy protein ration in a ration.
1.2 Advanced studies in Nutrition Minerals. Sources, functions, requirements and their relationship of the
basic mineral nutrients including trace elements.
1.3 Vitamins, Hormones and Growth Stimulating substancesSources, functions, requirements and inter-
relationship with minerals.
1.4 Advanced Ruminant Nutrition Dairy Cattle Nurtients and their metabolism with reference to milk
production and its composition. Nutrients requirements for calves, heifers, dry and milking cows and buffaloes.
Limitations of various feeding systems.
1.5 Advanced Non-Ruminant Nutrition Poultry- Nutrients and their metabolism with reference to poultry, meat
and egg production. Nutrients requirements and feed formulation and broilers at different ages.
1.6 Advanced Non-Ruminant Nutrition Swine Nutrients and their metabolism with special reference to growth
and quality of meat production Nutrients requirements and feed formation for baby-growing and finishing pigs.
1.7 Advanced Applied Animal Nutrition- A critical review and evaluation of feeding experiments, digestibility
and balance studies. Feeding standards and measure of feed energy. Nutrition requirements for growth,
maintenance and production. Balanced rations.
2. Animal Physiology:
2.1 Growth and Animal Production- Prenatal and post-natal growth maturation , growth curves, measures of
growth, factors affecting growth, conformation, body composition, meat quality.
2.2 Milk Production and Reproduction and Digestion Current status of hormonal control of mammary
development milk secretion and milk ejection, composition of milk of cows and buffaloes. Male and female
reproduction organs, their components and function. Digestive organs and their functions.

58
2.3 Environmental Physiology- Physiological relations and their regulation; mechanisms of adaption,
environmental factors and regulatory mechanism involved in animal behavior, methods of controlling climatic
stress.
2.4 Semen quality, Presevation and Artificial Insemination Components of semen, composition of
spermatozoa, chemical and physical properties of ejeculated semen, factors affecting semen in vivo and in vitro.
Factors affecting semen preservation compostition of diluents, sperm concentration transport of diluted semen.
Deep Freezing techniques in cows, sheep and goats, swine and poultry.
3. Livestock Production and Management:
3.1 Commercial Dairy Farming- Comparison or dairy farming in India with advanced countries. Dairying under
mixed farming and as a specialised farming; economic dairy farming, starting of a dairy farm. Capital and land
requirement, organisation of the dairy farm, Procurement of goods; opportunities in dairy farming factors
determining the efficiency of dairy animal. Herd recording, budgeting, cost of milk production; pricing policy;
Personnel Management.
3.2 Feeding practices of dairy cattle Developing Practical and Economic ration for dairy cattle; supply of
greens throughout, the year, field and fodder requirements of Dairy farm. Feeding regimes for day and young
stock and bulls heifers and breeding animals; new trends in feeding young and adult stock: Feeding records.
3.3 General Problems of sheep, goat, pigs and poultry management.
3.4 Feeding of animals under drought conditions.
4. Milk Technology:
4.1 Organation of rural milk procurement, collection, and transport of raw milk.
4.2 Quality testing and grading raw milk. Quality storage grades of whole milk, skimmed milk and cream.
4.3 Processing packaging storing distributing marketing defects and their control and nutritive properties of the
following milks. Pasteured, standarded, toned, double tones steriled, Homogened, reconstituted, recombined,
field and flavoured milks.
4.4 Preparation of cultured milks, cultures and their management Vitamin D soft curd acidified and other special
milks.
4.5 Legal standards, Sanitation requirement for clean and safe milk and for the milk plant equipment.

Section- II
1. Genetics and Animal Breeding: Probability applied to Mendelian inheritance Hardy Weiberg Law Concept
and measurement of inbreeding and heterozygosity Wright's approach in contrast to Melecot's Estimation of
Parameters and Measurements. Fisher's theorem of natural selection, polymorphism polygenic Systems and
inheritance of quantitative traits. Casual Components of Variation Biometerical models and covariance between
relatives. The theory of pathocoefficient applied to quantitative genetic analysis. Heritability Repeatability and
selection models.
1.1 Population, Genetics applied to Animal Breeding. Population vs. individual, population se and factors
changing it. Gene numbers, and their estimation in farm animals, gene frequency and zygotic frequency and
forces changing them, Mean and variance approach to equilibrium under different situations, sub-division of
phenotypic variance; estimation of additive, Non additive genetic and environmental variances in Animal
Population, Mendelism and blending inheritance. Genetic nature of differences between species, races, breeds
and other sub specific grouping and the grouping and the origin of group differences Resemblances between
relatives.
1.2 Breeding systems- Heritability, repeatability, genetics and environmental correlations methods of estimation
and the precision of estimates of animal data Review of biometrical relations between relatives. Mating system,
inbreeding, out breeding and used phenotypic assertive mating Aids to selections. Family structure of animal
population under non-random mating systems. Breeding for threshold traits, selections index, its precision.
General and specific combining ability. Choice of effective breeding plans.
Diffferent types and methods of selection, their effectiveness and limitations, selection indices construction of
selection in retrospect; evaluation of genetic gains through selection, correlated response in animal
experimentations.
Approach to estimation of general and specific combining ability, Diallete fractional diallete crosses, reciprocal
recurrent selection; in breeding and hydration.
2. Health and Hygiene- Anatomy of Ox and fowl. Histological technique, freezing, paraffin embeding etc.
Preparation and staining of blood films.
2.1 Common histological stains, Embryology of a cow.
2.2 Physiology of blood and its circulation, respiration; excretion, Endocrine glands in health and disease.
2.3 General Knowledge of pharmacology and the repeutics of drugs.

59
2.4 Vety-Hygiene with respect of water, air and habitation.
2.5 Most common cattle and poultry diseases, their mode of infection, prevention and treatment etc. Immunity,
General Principles and Problems of meat inspection Jurisprudence of Vet practice.
2.6 Milk Hygiene.
3. Milk Product Technology Selection of raw materials, assembling production. processing, storing,
distributing and marketing milk products such as Butter, Ghee, Khoa, Channa, Cheese, condensed, evaporated
dried milk and baby foods; Ice cream and Kulfi, by products; whey products, butter milk, lactose and casein;
testing Grading, gudging mill products ISI and Agmark specification, legal standards, Quality control nutritive
properties. Packaging processing and operational control Costs.
4. Meat Hygiene.
4.1 Zoonosis Diseases transmitted from animals to man.
4.2 Duties and role of Veterinarians in a slaughter house to provide meat that is produced under ideal hygienic
conditions.
4.3 By products from slaughter houses and their economic utilation.
4.4 Methods of collection, preservation and processing of hormonal glands for medicinal use.
5. Extension:
5.1 Extension Different methods adopted to educate farmers under rural conditions.
5.2 Urilisation of fallen animals for profit-extension education etc.
5.3 Define Trysem. Different possibilities and methods to provide self Employment to educated youth under
rural conditions.
5.4 Cross breeding as a method of upgrading the local cattle.

06. ANTHROPOLOGY
Section- I
There are three sections. Section- I, Section-II & Section- III. Each Section carries 100 marks. Section I &
Section III are compulsory. Candidates may offer either Section II-a or II-b. in Section- II
SECTION- I
I. Meaning and scope of Anthropology and its main branches: (1) Social-Cultural Anthropology, (2) Physical
Anthropology, (3) Archaeological Anthropology, (4) Linguistic Anthropology, (5) Applied Anthropology.
II. Community and Social Institutions, Group and association; culture and civilisation; band and tribe.
III. Marriage.- The problems of universal definition; incest and prohibited categories preferential forms of
marriage; marriage payments; the family as the corner stone of human society; universality and the family,
funcation of the family forms of family-usnclear, extended, joint etc. Stability and change in the family. Forms of
marriage. Family and marriage among polyandrous tribes.
IV. Kinship, Desecent, residence, alliance, kins terms and kinship behavior, Lineage and clan Kinship
categories.
V. Economic Anthropology; Meaning and scope; mode of exchanger; barter and ceremonial exchange,
reciprocity and redistribution; market and trade.
VI. Political Anthropology; Meaning and scope; The locus and power and the functions of legitimate authority
in different societies. Difference between State and Stateless political systems. Nation-building processes in new
State, law and Justice in simpler societies.
VII. Origins of religion animism and animatism. Difference between religions and magic. Totemism and Taboo.
VIII. Fieldwork and fieldwork traditions in Anthropology.
IX. Study of social organation, youth organation, Economic organation, Political organation and Religion
among Indian Tribes-Oraon, Munda, Ho, Santhal and Birhors of Bihar.
SECTION II (a)
1. Foundation of the theory of organic evolution Lamarckism. Darwinism and the Synthetic theory, Human
evolution, biological and cultural dimensions, Microevolution.
2. The Order Primate.- A comprative study of Primates with special reference to the anthoropoid apes and
man.
2. (a) Place of Man among animals. Pisces, Amphibia, Reptiles, Aves, Mamalia, clarification of Mamalia and
anthroids.

60
2. (b) A comparative analysis of anatomical similarities and dissimilarities in man and apes. Intelligence and
social life of monkey and apes.
3. Fossil evidence of human evolution.- Lemurids, Tamrioids, Poragpithicus, Prophilopithicus, pliopithicus,
Lemnopithicus, Procunsul, Driopithicus, Ramapithecus, Australopithecines, Australopithecus Africanus,
Plesianthropus transvalensis, Australopithecus, Prometheus, Paranthropus robustus, Homoertus and
Homosapiens.
4. Genetics; Definitaion- The Mendelian principles and its application to human populations. The effects of
nutrition, inbreeding and hy-bridation.
5. (a) Definition of Race;- concept of pure race; race, nation and linguistic groups; race and cultural activities;
Racism and dangerous myth.
(b) Racial differentiation of Man and bases of racial classification morphological serilogical and genetic, Role of
heredity and environment in the formation of races.
(c) Bass/criterias of racial classification skin colour, Hair, stature, Head form, face form, nose, eye, types of
blood groups.
6. Varieties of the Modern Races of Man- the three major races and their sub-races, caucaosoids and its
subdivisions. Archaic caucosoid races, Mongoloids and its subdivisions, Negroids and its subdivisions. The
American Negros, a comparative study of their Physical genetic and intelligence, similarties and differences.
7. Races in India:-
1. Classification of Riseley with his criticisms
Classification of Haldon
Classification of Eickutodt
Classification of Guha
Classification of Sarkar
The Negrito Racial Elements In India

SECTION II (b)

1. Technique, method and methodology distinguished.

2. Meaning of evolution biological and socio-cultural. The basic assumptions of 19th century evolutionism. The
comparative method. Contemporary trends in evolutionary studies.
3. Diffusion and diffusionismAmerican distributionism and historical ethnology of the german speeking
ethnologists. The attack on the "the" comparative method by diffusionists and Fra Boas. The nature, purpose
and methods of comparision in social cultural, anthoropology. Redcliffe-Brown, Eggan Oscar Lewis and Sarana.
4. Patterns basic personality construct and model personality. The relevance of anthropological approach to
national character studies. Recent trends in sychological anthropology.
5. Funcation and cause. Malinowski's contribution to functionalism in social anthropology. Function and
structure Redcliffe-Brown. Firth Fortes and Nadel.
6. Structuralism in linguistics and in social anthropology Levistrauss and Leach in viewing social structure as a
model. The structuralist method in the study of myth. New ethnography and formal semantic analysis.
7. Norms and Values. Values as a category of anthropological description. Values of anthropologist and
anthropology as source of values. Cultural relativism and the issue of universal values.
8. Social anthropology and history, Scientific and humanistic studies distinguished. A critical examination of
the plea for the unity of method of the natural and social sciences. The nature and logic of anthropological field
work method and its autonomy.
9. (a) Theories and Methods in Anthropologyl
Evolution and comparative Methods;
Herbert Spencer, L H. Morgan, and Edward Burnett Tylor. Limitations.
(b) Particularism:-
Fra Boas, A. L. Kroeber, Ruth Benediet Ralph Lintani and Abram Kardiner. Limitations of
particularistic approach.
(c) Structive and Function approach.
Emile Durkheim, Pronislar Malinowski, A.R. Redcliffe Brown, Leslic A white, Evans Pritchard and
Levi Strous.
10. Contributions of Anthropology to planning and Development: Development studies Socio-cultural
dimensions of planned development socio-cultural parameters of Directed change, cultural hurdles to
technological changes among tribes in India. Tribal problems-causes, consequences and solutions.

61
11. Social movement tribal movement, meaning and features. Tribal movement in Bihar Tana Bhagat and Birsa
Movement, Changing scenes of tribal movement in Bihar. Tribal leadership in Bihar.

SECTION- III
INDIAN ANTHROPOLOGY
1. Palaeolithic, Mesolithic, Neolithic Protohistoric (Indus civilation) dimensions of Indian culture.
2. Distribution of racial and linguistic elements in Indian population.
3. The bases of Indian social system: Varna, Ashram, Purushartha, Caste, Joint Family.
4. The growth of Indian anthropology. Distinctiveness of anthropological contribution in the study of tribal and
peasant sections of the Indian population. The basic concepts use. Great tradition and little tradition; Sacred
complex Universalation and chialation. Sanskritation and Westernation; Dominant Caste Tribe-Caste
continuum. Nature-Man-Spirit complex.
5. Ethnographic profiles of Indian tribes racial linguistic and socio-economic characteristic. Problems of tribal
peoples; Land-alienation, indebtedness, lack of educational facilities, shifting cultivation, migration forests and
tribls unemployment agricultural labour. Special problems of hunting and food gathering and other miner tribes.
6. The problems of culture contact; impact of urbanation and industrialation depopulation regionalism
economic and sychological frustrations.
7. History of tribal administration. The constitutional safeguards for the Scheduled Tribes Policies, Plans
programmes of tribal development and their implementations. The response of the tribal people to the
Government measures for them. The different approaches to tribal problems. The role of anthropology in tribal
development.
8. The constitutional provisions regarding the Scheduled Castes. Social disabilities suffered by the scheduled
castes and the socio-economic problems faced by them.
9. Issues relating to national Intergration.

07. BOTANY
Section- I
1. Microbiology:- Viruses, bacteria plasmids-structure and reproduction. General account of infection and
immunology. Microbes in agriculture, industry and medicine, and air, soil and water. Control of pollution using
micro-organisms.
2. Pathology- Important plant diseases in India caused by viruses, bacteria, mycoplasma fungi and nematodes.
Modes of infection, dissemination, physiology of parasitism and methods of control. Mechanic of action of
biocides. Fungal toxins.
3. Cryptogams- Structure and reproduction from evolutionary aspect, and ecology and economic importance of
algae, fungi, bryophytes and pteridophytes. Principal distribution in India.
4. Phanerogams:- Anatomy of wood secondary growth Anatomy of C2 and C2 plants, stomatal types,
Fmbroyology, barriers to sexual incompatibility. Seed structure. Apomixis and polyembroyony Polynology and
its applications. Comparison of systems of classification of angiosperms. Modern trends is biosystematics.
Taxonomic and economic importance of cyadacoae, Pinacoee, Gentabes, Magnoliacea. Ramunculaceae,
Cruciferac, Rosaceae. Leguminosee Euploiacece, Malvaceae. Dipterocarpaceae, Umbellifcrae, Asclepiadaceae,
Verbenaceae, Solanaoceae, Pubiaceae Cucuribitaceae, Compositae, Gramineae, Palmae, Liliaceae, Musaceae and
Orchidaceae.
5. Morphogenesis Polarity, symmetry and totiuotency. Differentiation and dedifferentiation of cells and
organs, Factors of morphogenes Methodology and applications of cell, tissue, organ and protoplant cultures from
vegetative and reproductive parts Somatic hybrids.
Section- II
1. Cell BiologyScope and perspective. General Knowledge of modern tools and techniques in the study of
cytology. Prokaryotic and eukaryotic selis-structural and ultrastructural details Functions of organelles including
membrances. Detailed study of mitosis, meiosis. Numerical and structural variations in chromosome and their
significance, study of polytene and lampbrush chromosomes structure, behavior and cytological significance.
2. Genetics and Evolution- Development of genetics and gene concept. Structure and role of nucleic acids in
protein synthesis and reproduction. Genetic code and regulation of gene expression, Gene amplification Mutation
and evolution. Multiple factors linkage and crossing over. Methods of gene mapping. Sex chromosomes and sex-
linked inheritance. Malesterility, its significance in plant breeding. Cytoplasmic inheritance elements of human

62
genetic. Standard deviation and Chi-square analysis Gene transfer in micro-organisms. Genetic engineering.
Organic evolution evidence, mechanism and theories.
3. Physiology and Biochemistry- Detailed study of water relations. Mineral nutrition and ion/transport. Mineral
deficiencies Photosynthesis mechanism and importance, photosystems I and II, photorespiration, Respiration and
fermentation. Nitrogen fixation and nitrogen metabolism. Protein synthesis. Eymes, Importance of secondary
metabolites. Pigments as photoreceptors, photoporiodism, flowering.
Growth indices, growth movements. Sahescence.
Growth substance- Their chemical nature, role and applications in agrihorticulture.
Agrochemicals, Stress physiology, Vernalation Fruit and seed physiology- dormancy, storage and germination
of seed, Perthenocarphy fruit ripening.
4. Ecology- Ecological factors. Concept and dynamics of community, succession. Concept of biospheres.
Conservation of ecosystems. Pollution and its control. Forest types of India. Aforestation, deforestation and
social forestry. Endangered plants.
5. Economic Botnay- Origin of cultivated plants. Stydy of plants as sources of food, fodder and forage, fatty
oils, wood and timber, fiber, paper rubber, bevarages, alcohol, drugs, narcotics, resins and gums essential oils,
dyes, mucilage, insecticides and pesticides. Plant indicators, Ornamental plants, Energy plantation.

08. CHEMISTRY
Section- I
1. Atomic structure and Chemical bonding: Quantum theory, Haisenberg's uncertainty principle, Schrodinger
wave equation (time independent). Interpretation of the wave function, particle in a one-dimensional box,
quantum members, hydrogen atom wave functions. Shapes of s p and d orbitals Ionic bond; Lattice energy, Born-
Haber Cycle, Fajan's Rule dipole moment, characteristics of ionic compounds, electronegativity differences
covalent bond and its general characteristics valence bond approach. Concept of resonance and resonance
energy. Electronics configuration of H2+H2. N2, O2, F2, NO, CO and HF molecules in terms of molecular
orbital approach. Sigma and pibonds. Bond order, bond strength and bond length.
2. Thermodynamics Work heat and energy. First law of thermodynamics. Enthalpy, heat capacity
Relationship between Cp and Cv. Laws of thermochemistry, Kirchoff's equation. Spontaneous and non-
spontaneous changes, second law of thermodynamics. Entropy changes in gases for reversible and irreversible
processes. Third law of thermodynamics. Free energy, variations of free energy of a gas with temperature,
pressure and volume. Gibbs-Helmbolty equation. Chemical potential. Thermodynamic criteria for equilibrium.
Free energy change in chemical reactions and equilibrium constant. Effect of temperature and pressure on
chemical equilibrium. Calculation of equilibrium constants from thermodynamic measurements.
3. Solid StateForms of solids, law of constancy of interfacial angles. Crystal systems and crystal classes
(crystallorgaphi groups) Designation of crystal faces, lattice structure and unit cell. Laws of rational indices.
Bragg's law, X-ray diffraction by crystals. Defects in crystals. Elementary study of liquid crystals.
4. Chemical kinetics- Order and molecularity of reaction. Rate equations (differential and intergrated forms) of
zero, first and second order reaction. Half life of a raction. Effect of temperature, pressure and catalysts on
reaction rates. Collission theory of reaction rates of bimolecular reactions. Absolute reaction rate theory. Kinetics
of polymeration and photo chemical reactions.
5. Electrochemistry Limitations of Arrhenius theory of dissociation, Debye Muckel theory of strong
electrolytes and its quantitative treatment. Electrolytic conductance theory and theory of activity coefficients.
Derivation of limiting laws for various equalibria and transport properties of electrolyte solutions.
6. Concentration cells, liquid junction potential, application of e.m.f. measurements of fuel cells.
7. Photochemistry- Absorption of light. Lambert-Beer's law, Laws of photo chemistry. Quantum efficiency.
Reasons for high and low quantum yields. Photoelectric cells.
8. General Chemistry of 'd' block elements:
(a) Electronic configuration: Introduction to theories of bonding in transition metal complexes, crystal field
Theory and its modification; applications of the theories in the explanation of magnetism and electronic spectra
of meta complexs.
(b) Metal Carbonyls: Cyclopentadienyl, Olefin and acetylene complexes.
(c) Compoundes with metal- metals bonds and metal atom clusters.
9. General Chemistry of 'f ' block elements: Lanthanides and actinides; separation, Oxidation, states, magnetic
and spectral properties.
10. Reactions in non-aqueous solevent (liquid ammonia and sulphur dioxide).

63
 Section- II
1. Reaction mechanisms; General methods (both kinetic and non-kinetic) of study of mechanisms of organic
reactions illustrated by examples.

Formation and stability of reactive intermediates (carbocations, carbanious free radicals. carbenes, nitrenes and
beynes).

SN1 and SN2 mechanisms. H, E2 and E1 CB eliminations-cis and trans addition to carbon to carbon double
bonds mechanisms of addition to carbon-oxygen double bonds-Micheal addition addition to conjugated carbon-
carbon double bonds aromatic electrophillic and nuclephilic substitutions allylic and beylic substitutions.
2. Pericyclic reactions: classification and examples an elementary study of Woodward Hoff-mann rules of
pericylic reactions.
3. Chemistry of the following name reactions: aldol condensation, Claysen condensation, Dieck mann reaction,
Perkin reaction, Reimer-Tiemann reaction, Cannzaro reaction.
4. Polymeric Systems:
(a) Physical chemistry of polymers; End group analysis, Sedimentation, Light Scattering and Viscosity of
polymers.
(b) Polythylene Polystyrene, Polyvinyl Chloride, Ziegler Natta Catalysis, Nylon, Terylene.
(c) Inorgenic Polymeric Systems; Phosphonitric halide compounds; silicones; Borazines.
Friedel- Craft reaction Reformatsky reaction, pinacol-pinacilone wagner Meerwein and Backman rearrangements
and their mechanisms uses of the following reagents in organic synthesis O5 O4, HIO4, NBS dibocrane, Na-
liquid ammonia NaBH4, LiAN4.
5. Photochemical reactions of organic and inorganic compounds types of reactions and examples and synthetic
uses- Mehods used in structure determination: Prinicples and applications of uv- Visible IR, IH, NMH and mass
spectra for structure determination of simple organic and inorganic molecules.
6. Molecular structural deter mination; Prinicples and application to simple organic and inorganic Molecules.
(i) Rotational spectra of diatomicmolecules (Infrared and Raman) isotopic substitution and rotational constants.
(ii) Vibrational spectra of diatomic, linear symmetric, linear asymmetric and bent tri-atomic molecules (Infrared
and Raman).
(iii) Specificity of the funcational groups (Infrared and Raman)
(iv) Electronic Spectra singlet and triplet states, conjugated double bonds, unsaturated carbonyl compounds.
(v) Nuclear Magenetic Reasonance; chemical shift, spin-spin coupling.
(vi) Electron Spin Reasonance, Study of inorganic complexes and free radicals.

09. CIVIL ENGINEERING

Section- I
Part- A Theory and Design of Structures:
(a) Theory of structures: Energy theorems Castigliano theorems I and II, unit load method and method of
consistent deformation applied to beams and pinjointed plane frames, Slope deflection, moment distribution and
Kani method of analysis applied to indeterminate beams and rigid frames.
Moving loads, criteria, for maximum sheer force and bending moment in beams traversed by a system of moving
loads. Influence Lines for simply supported plane pinjointed girders.
Arches: Three hinged, two hinged and fixed archesfrib shortening and temperature effects Infiuence lines.
Matrix methods of analysis: Force method and displacement method.
(b) Structural steel: Factors of safety and load factors.
Design of tension and compression members, beams of built up section, riveted and welded plate girders, gantry
girders, stanchions with battons and lacings, Slab and gusseted braces.
Design of highway and railway bridges- Through and deck type plate girder, Warren girder and Pratt Truss.
(c) Reinforced concrete. Limit state method design- Recommendations of IS codes- Design of one way and
two-way slabs, staircase slabs, simple and continuons beams of rectangular, T and L sections.
Compression members under direct load with or without eccentricity, footings, isolated and combined.
Retaining walls, cantilever and counterfort types- Methods and systems of prestressing, Anchorages. Analysis
and design of sections for flexure, loss of prestress.

64
Part- B Fluid Mechanics:
Fluid properties and their role in fluid motion, fluid statics including forces acting on plane and curved surfaces.
Kinematics and Dynamics of Fluid Flow: Velocity and accelerations, stream lines, equation of continuity,
irrotational and rotational flows, velocity potential and stream function, flow-nets and methods of drawing flow
net, sources and sinks, flow separation and stagnation.
Euler's equation of motion, energy and momentum equations and their applications to pipe flow, free and forced
vortices, plane and curved stationary and moving vanes, sluice gates, weirs, orifice meters and venturimeters.
Dimensional Analysis and similitude: Buckinghham's Pi-theorem, similarities, model laws, undistorted and
distorted models, movable bed models, model calibration.
Laminar Flow: Laminar flow between paralled stationary and moving plates, flow through tubes, Reynolds'
experiments, lubrication principles.
Boundary Layers: Laminar and turbulent boundary layer on a flat plate, laminar sub-layer, smooth and rough
boundaries, drag and lift.
Turbulent Flow Through Pipes: Characteristics of turbulent flow, velocity distribution and variation of friction
factor, hydraulic grade line and total energy line, siphons, expansions and contractions in pipes, pipe network,
water hammer.
Open Channel Flow: Uniform, non-uniform flows, specific energy and specific force, critical depth, resistance
equations and variation of roughness coefficient, Rapidly varied flow, flow in contractions, flow at sudden drop,
hydraulic jump and its applications, surges and waves, Gradually varied Flow, differential equation of gradually
varied flow, classification of surface profiles, control section, step method of integration of varied flow equation.
Part- C Soil Mechanics and foundation Engineering:
Soil Compositoin, influence of clay minerals on engineering behavior, Effective stress principle, change in
effective stress due to water flow condition, static water table and steady flow conditions permeability and
compressibility of soils.
Strength behavior, strength determination through direct and triaxial tests, total and effective stress strength
parameters, total and effective stress path.
Methods of site exploration, planning a subsurface exploration programme, sampling procedures and
sampling disturbance, penetration tests and plate load tests and data interpretation.
Foundation types and selection, footings, rafts, piles, floating foundations, effect of footing shape,
dimexnsions, depth of embedment, load inclination and ground water on bearing capacity, settlement
components, computation for immediate and consolidation settlements, limits on total and differential settlement,
correction for rigidity.
Deep foundations, philosophy of deep foundations, piles, estimation of individual and group capacity, static
and dynamic approaches, pile load tests, separation into skin friction and point bearing, under-reamed piles, well
foundations for bridges and aspects of design.
Earth pressure, states of plastic equilibrium, Culmann's procedure for dertermination of lateral thrust,
determination of anchor force and depth of penetration, reinforced earth retaining walls, concept, materials and
applications.
Machine foundations, modes of vibration, determination of natural frequency, criteria for design, effect of
vibration on soils, vibration isolation.
Part- D Computer Programming:
Types of computers, components of computers, history and development, different languages.
FORTRAN/Basic programming, constants, variables, expressions, arithmetic statements library funcations,
control statements, unconditional GO-TO Statements computed GO-TO statements, IF and DO statements,
CONTINUE, CALL RETURN, STOP, END statement, I/O statements, FORMATS,field specifications.
Subscripted variables, arrays, DIMENSION statement, function and subrouting sub-programmes,
application to simple problems with flow charts in civil engineering.

Section- II
Note:- Candidate shall answer questions from any two parts:- Out of four parts below.
Part A.
Building Construction:

Physical and mechanical properties of construction materials, factors influencing selection, brick and clay
products, limes and cements, polymorfic materials and special uses, damp-proofing materials.

65
 Brickwork for walls, types, caving walls, design of brick masonary walls per I.S. code, factors of safety,
serviceability and strength requirements, detiling of walls, floors, roots, ceiling, finishing of buildings, plastrxing,
pointing, painting.
Functional planning of building, orientation of buildings, elements of fire-proof construction, repairs to
damaged and cracked buildings, use of ferrocement, fibre-reinforced and polymer concrete in construction,
techniques and materials for low cost housing.
Building estimates and specifications, construction scheduling PERT and CPM methods.
Part B.
Transportation Engineering:
Roads, Traffic engineering and traffic surveys, intersections, road signs, signals and markings.
Classification of roads, plannings and geometric design.
Design of flexible and rigid pavements, Indian Road Congress guidelines on pavement layers and design
methodologies.
Part C.
Water Resources and Irrigation Engineering,
Hydrology: Hydrologic cycle, precipitation, evaporation, transpiration, depression storage, infiltration,
hydrograph, unit hydrograph, frequency analysis, flood estimation.
Ground water flow: Specific yield, storage co-efficient, co-effficient of permeability, confined and
unconfined aquifers, radial flow into a well under confined and unconfined conditions, tube-wells, pumping and
recuperation tests, ground water potential.
Water resources planning: Ground and surface water resources, single and multipurpose projects, storage
capacity of reservoirs, reservoirs losses, reservoir sedimentation, flood routing through reservoirs, economics of
water resources projects.
Water requirement for crops: consumptive use of water, quality of irrigation water, duty and delta, irrigation
methods and their efficiencies.
Canals: Distribution system for canal irrigation, canal capacity, canal Losses, alignment of main and
distributary canals, most efficient section, lined channels, their design, regime theory, critical shear stress, bed
load and suspended load transport cost analysis of lined and unlined canals, drainage behind lining.
Water logging: causes and control, drainage system design, salinity.
Canal structures: Design of regulation, cross drainage and communication works, cross regulators, head
regulartors, canal falls, aqueducts metering flumes and canal outlets.
Diversion head works: Principles of design of weirs on permeable and impermeable foundations, Khosla' s
theory, energy dissipation, stilling basins, sediment exclusion.
Storage works: Types of dams, design principles of rigid gravity and earth dams, stability analysis, foundation
treatment, joints and galleries, control of seepage. construction methods and machinery.
Spillways: Types, crest gates, energy dissipation.
River training: objectives of river training, methods of river training.
Part D.
Environmental Engineerig: Water supply: Estimation of water resources, ground and surface water, ground
water hydraulics, predicting demand of water, impurities of water and their significance, Physical, chemical and
bacteriological analysis, water borne diseases, standards for potable water
Intake of Water: Pumping and gravity schemes.
Water treatment: Priniciples of coagulation, flocculation and sedimentation, slow, rapid, pressure, bifolw
and multi-media filters, chlorination, softening removal of taste, odour and salinity.
Water storage and distribution: Storage and balancing, reservoirs types. location and capacity.
Distribution System: layout, hydraulies of pipelines, pipe fittings, valves including check and pressure
reducing valves, meters, analysis of distribution systems using Hardy Cross methods general principles of
optimal design based on cost headloss ratio criterion, leak detection, maintenance of distribution systems,
pumping stations and their operations.
Sewerage system: domestic and industrial wastes, storm, sewage separate and combined system, flow
through sewers, design of sewers, sewer appurtenances, manholes inlets, junctions, siphon. Sewage
characerisation: BOD, COD, solids, dissolved oxygen, nitrogen and TOC. Standards of disposal in normal water
course and on land.

66
 Sewage treatment: working, Priniciples, units, chambers, sedimentation tank, trickling filters, oxidation
ponds, activated sludge process, septic tank, disposal of sludge, recycling of waste water.
Solid waste: Collection and Disposal.
Environmental Pollution: ecological balance, water pollution control acts. radioactive wastes and disposal
environmental impact assessment for thermal power plants, mines.
Sanitation: site and orientation of buildings, ventilation and damp proof courses, houses drainage, conservancy
and waterbone system of waste disposal, sanitary appliances, latrines and urinals, rural sanitation.

10. COMMERECE AND ACCOUNTANCY

Section- I
Accounting and Finance
Part-I : Accounting, Auditing and Taxation.
Accounting as a financial information system- Imapact of behavioral sciences Methods of accounting of
changing price levels with particular reference to current Purchasing Power (CPP) accounting Advanced
problems of companies accounts Amalgamatiin absorption and reconstruction of companies- Accounting of
holding companies Valuation of shares and goodwill. Controllership functions- Property control legal and
management.
Important provisions of the Income Tax Act, 1961 Definition Charge of Income Tax- Exemptions
Depreciation and investmet allowance Simple problems of computation of income under the various heads and
determination of assessable income Income Tax authorities.
-- Nature and functions of Cost Accounting Cost classification Tenchiques of segregating semivariable costs
into fixed and variable components job costing FIFO and weighted average methods or calculating equivalent
units of production Reconcilation of cost and financial accounts-Marginal Costing-Cost volume profit
relationship: Algebraic formula and graphical representation Shut down point Techniques of cost control and
cost reduction Budgetary control flexible Budgets Standard costing and variance analysis Responsibility
accounting-Bases of charging overheads and their inhererent fallacy Costing for pricing decisions.
Significance of the attest function Programming the audit work Valuation and verfication of assets,
fixed, wasting and current assets Verification of liabilities Audit of limited companies appointment status,
powers, duties and liabilities of the auditor Auditor's report Audit of share capital and transfer of shares
Special points in the audit of banking and insurance companies.
Part II Business Finance and Financial Institutions.
Concept and scope of Financial Management Financial goals of corporations capital Budgeting Rules of the
thumb and discounted cash flow approaches Incorporating uncertainty in investment decisiondesigning an
optimal capital structure Weighted average cost of capital and the controversy surrounding the Modigliani and
Miller model, sources of raising short term, intermediate and longterm finace Role of public and convertible
debenturesNorms and guidelines regarding debtequity rations Determinants of an optional divident policy
optimissing models of James E. walter and John Lintner Forms of divident payment Structure of working
capital and the variable, affecting, the level of difference of components Cash flow approach of forecasting
working capital needs Profiles of working capital in Indian industries Credit management and credit policy
Consideration of tax in relation to financial planning and cash flow statements.
Organisation and deficiencies of Indian Money Market structure of assets and liabilities of commercial
banks Achievements and failures of Nationalisation Regional rural banks Recommendations of the Tandon
(P.L) study group on following of bank credit, 1976 and their revision by the Chore (K.B) Committee, 1979 An
assessment of the monetary and credit policies of the Reserve Bank of India- Constituents of the Indian Capital
Market Functions and working of All India term financial institutions (IDBI. IFCI. ICICI and IRCI)
Investment policies of the Life Insurance Corporation of India and the Unit Trust of India Present State of stock
exchanges and their regulation .
Provision of the Negotiable instruments Act, 1881.
Crossings and endorsements with particular reference to statutory protection to the paying and collecting
bankers Salient provision of the Banking Regulation Act, 1949 with regard to chartering, supervision and
regulation of banks.

67
 Section- II
Organisation Theory and Industrial Relations.
Part I : Organisation Theory:
Nature and concept of Organisation Organisation goals; Primary and Secondary goals, Single and multiple
goals, ends-means chain Displacement, succession, expansion and multiplication of goals Formal
organisation : Type, Structure Line and Staff. functional matrix and project Informal organation, functions
and limitations.
Evolution of organation theory: (classical, Neo-classical and system approach)- Bureaucracy Nature and
basis of power, sources of power, power structure and politics Organisational behaviour as a dynamic system :
technical social and power systems interrelation sand interactions Perception Status system : Theoretical and
empirical foundations of Maslow Megergore, Horzberg Likert, Vroom, Porter and Lawler, Odam and Human
Models of motivation. Morale and productivity Leadership. Theories and styles Management of Conflicts in
organation Transactional Analysis Significance of culture to organations. Limits of rationality Simon-
March approach. Organisatinoal change, adaptation growth and development Organisational control and
effectiveness.
Part II : Industrial Relations:
Nature and scope of industrial relations. Industrial labour in India and its commitment Theories of
unionism Trade union movement in India Growth and structure Role of outside leadership in Worker
education and other problems Collective bargaining approaches conditions limitations and its effectiveness in
Indian conditions Korkers participation in management: philosophy, rationale, present day State of affairs and
its future prospects.
Prevention and settlement of industrial disputes in India: Preventive measures, settlement machinery and
other measures in practice- Industrial relations in public enterprises Absenteeism and labour turnover in Indian
industries Relative wages and wage differentials: wage policy in India The Bonus issue International
Labour Organisation and India Role of personnel department in the organation Executive development
personnel policies, personnel audit and personnel research.

11. ECONOMICS
Section- I
1. The Framework of an Economy. National Income Accounting.
2. Economic choice, Consumer behaviour. Producer behaviour and market forms.
3. Investment decisions and determination of income and employment, Micro-economic models of income,
distribution and growth.
4. Banking objectives and instruments of Central Banking and credit policies in a planned developing
economy. Performance of Commercial Banks in Bihar.
5. Type of taxes and their impacts on the economy. The impacts of the se and the content of budgets.
Objectives and Instruments of budgetary and fiscal policy in a planned developing economy.
6. International trade. Tariffs. The rate of exchange. The balance of payments.
International monetary and banking institutions.

Section- II
1. The Indian Economy:
Culding priniciples of Indian economic planned growth and distributive Justice' Eradication of poverty.
The institutional framework of the Indian economy federal Governmental structure agricultural and industrial
sector public and private sectors.
National income its sectroal and regional distribution. Extent and incidence of poverty.
2. Agricultural Production:
Agricultural Policy.
Land reforms. Technological change. Relationship with the industrial sector.
3. Industrial Production:
Industrial Policy.
Public and private sector.
Regional distribution. Control of monopolies and monopolistic practices.
4. Pricing Policies of agricultural and industrial outputs:
Procurement and Public Distribution.

68
5. Budgetary trends and fiscal policy:
6. Monetary and credit trends and policy, Banking and other financial institutions.
7. Foreign trade and the balance of payments.
8. Indian Planning:
Objectives, strategy, experience and problems.
9. Bihar Economy:
Relative position of agriculture and industry, retarders of economic growth, poverty and unemployment, Progress
in Land Reforms.

12. ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

Section- I
Network:
Steady state analysis of D.C and A.C., networks, network theorems, Matrix Algebra, network functions,
transient response, frequency response, Laplace transform, fourier series and fourier transform, frequency
spectral plezero concept, elementary network synthesis.
Static and Magnetics:
Analysis of electrostatic and magentostatic fields, Laplace and Poisson Equations, solution of boundary
value problems, Maxwell's equations, electromagnetic wave propagation, ground and space waves, prospagation
between earth station and satellites.
Measuremetns:
Basic methods of measurements, standards, error analysis, indicating instruments cathode ray oscillo-scope,
measurement of voltage current, power, resistance, inductance, Capacitance, time, frequency and flux, electronic
meters.
Electronics:
Vaccum and semiconductor devices, equivalent circuits transistor parameters, determination of current and
voltage gain and input and output impedances biasing techniques, single and multistage, audio and radio small
signal and large signal amplifiers and their analysis reedback amplifiers and oscillators: wave haping circuits and
time base generators, analysis of different types of multivilerator and their uses, digital circuits.
Electrical Machines:
Generator of e.m f., m.m.f. and torque in rotating machinens, motor and generator characteristics of d.c
synchronous and induction machines equivalent circuits, computation parallel operation, phasor diagram and
equivalent, circuits of power transformer, determination of performance and efficiency, auto-transformers, 3-
phase transformers.
Section-II
Part-A
Control systems:
Mathematical modeling of dynamic linear control systems, block diagrams and signal flow graphs, transient
surprise response steady state error, stability, frequency response techniques, rootlocus techniques series
compensation.
Industrial Electronics:
Principles and design of single phase and polyphase rectifiers controlled rectification, smoothing filters,
regulated power supplies speed control circuits for drivers, inverters, d.c to d.c conversion, choppera, timers and
welding circuits.

Part B (Heavy Currents)

Electrical Machines:
Induction Machines- Rotating magnetic field, Polyphase motor, principle of operation phaser diagram,
Torque slip characteristic, Equivalent circuit and determination of its parameters, circle diagram, starters, speed
control double cage motor, Induction generator. Theory, Phaser diagram, characteristies and application of single
phase motors. Application of two phase induction motor.
Synchronous Machines e.m.f equation phase and circle diagram, operation on infinite bus, synchroning
power, operating characterstic and performance by different methods, sudden short circuit and analysis of
oscillogram to determine machine reactances and time constants, motor characteristics and performance methods
of starting applications.

69
 Speical Machines Amplidyne and metadyne operating characteristics, and their applications.
Power system and Protection General layout and economics of different types of power stations, Baseload,
peakload and pumped storage plant, Economics of different systems of d.c. and a.c power distribution,
Transmission line parameter calculation, concept of G.M.D. short, medium and long transmission line,
Insulators, Voltage distribution in a string of insulators and grading, environmental effects on insulators. Fault
calculation by symmetrical components, load flow analysis and economic operation steady state and transient
stability, Switchgear methods of extinction, Re-strilking and recovery voltage, Testing of ciruit breaker,
Protective relays, Protective schemes for power system equipment. C.T. and P.T Surges in transmission lines,
Travelling waves and protection.
Utilisation Industrial drives electric motors for various drives and estimates of their rating; Behaviour of
motors during starting acceleration, breaking and reversing operation; Schemes of speed control for d.c and
induction motors.
Economic and other aspects of different systems of rail traction; mechanies of train movement and
estimation of power and energy requirements and motor rating characteristics of traction motors, Dielectic and
induction heating.
OR
Part C (Light currents)
Communication System Generation and detection of amplitude frequency phase and Pulsemodulate
signals using oscillators, modulators and demodulators, Comparison of modulated systems, noise problems,
channel efficiency sampling theorem sound and vision broadcast transmitting and receiving system, antennas,
feeders and receiving circuits, transmission line at audio radio and ultra, high frequencies.
Microwaves Electromagnatic wave in guided media wave guide components cavity resonaters, microwave
tubes and solid-state devices, microwave generator and amplifiers, filters microwave measuring techniques,
microwave radiation pattern, communication and antenna systems, Radio aids to navigation.
D.C Amplifiers Direct coupled amplifiers, difference amplifiers, choppers and analog computation.

13. GEOGRAPHY
Section- I
Principles of Geography:-
Part- A. Physical Geography:
(i) Geomorphology Origin and evolution of the earth's crust: earth movements and plate tectonics; volcanism;
cycle of erosion.- Davis and Penck; fluvial, glacial, arid and karst land-forms; rejuvenated and polycyclic land-
forms.
(ii) Climatology: - The atomosphere, its structure and composition; air masses and fronts; cyclones and related
phenomena; climatic classification; koeppon and Thornthwait; groundwater and hydrological cycle.
(iii) Soils and vegetation- Soil genesis, classification and distribution: ecological aspects of savanna and
monsoon forest biomes.
(iv) Oceanography: - Ocean bottom relief. Relief of Indian Ocean floor. Salinity. currents and tides; ocean
deposits and coral reefs;
(v) Ecosystem. Ecosystem concept, Man's impact on the ecosystem, global ecological imbalances.
Part B. Human and Economic Geography.
(i) Devleopment of Geographical Thought: - Contributions of European and British Geographers, determinism
and possiblilism; Dualism in Geography, quantitative and behavioural revolutions in geography.
(ii) Human Geography- Emergence of man and races of mankind cultural evolution of man; major cultural
relams of the world; international migrations, past and present; world population-distribution and growth;
demographic transtition and world population.
(iii) Settlements Geography: - Concepts of rural and urban settlements, Organs of Urbanation; Rural settlement
patterns; city classifications; urban spheres of influence and the rural urban fringe, the internal structure of cities;
problems of urban growth in the world.
(iv) Political Geography:- Concepts of nation and state; frontiers, boundaries, and buffer zones; concept of
heartland and rimland;federalism.
(v) Economic Geography.- World economic development-measurement and problems; concept of resources,
world resources, their distribution and global problems; world energy crisis; and limits to growth; world
agriculture-typology and world agricultural regions; theory of agriculturaral location, world industry-theory of
location of industries; world industrial patterns and problems; world trade and world trade patterns.

70
 Section- II

GEOGRAPHY OF INDIA.
Physical Aspects: - Geological history, Physiography and drainage systems; orign and mechanism of the
Indian monsoon, soils and vegetation.
Human Aspects Tribal areas and their problems; population distribution, density and growth; population
problems and policies.
Resources Conservation and utilation of land mineral water biotic and marine resources; ecological problems
and their management.
Agriculture Irrigation intensity of cropping, crop combinations, green revolution, agricultural land use policy,
Rural economy-Animal husbandry, social forestry and household industry.
Industry: - History of industrial development; factors of location study of mineral based, agro-based and forest-
based industries, industrial complexed and industrial regionalisation.
Transport and Trade Study of the network of roadways railways, waterways, intra and inter-regional trade and
the role of rural market centres.
Settlements- Rural Settlement patterns; urban development in Indian and its problems, internal structure of
Indian cities; town planning, slums nad urban housing; national urbanisation policy.
Regional Development and planning. Five-years plan; multilevel planning; state, district and block level planning
regional disparities in development in India.
Political Aspects.- Political problem of India, state reorganation; the international boundary of India and related
issues; India and geopolitics of the Indian Ocean area.
Geography of Bihar under the following heads: - Physiographic divisions, soils, forests, climate, pattern of
agriculture, problems of drought-prone and flood affected regions and their solution, chief mineral resources-iron
ore, copper, bauxite mica and coal; principal industries-iron and steel, aluminium, cement, Sugar: principal
industrial regions, problems of population in Bihar, problem of tribal population and their solution; pattern of
urbanisation in Bihar.

14. GEOLOGY
SECTION- I
(General Geology, Geomorphology, Structural Geology, Palacontology and Stratigraphy)
(i) General Geology:
Energy in relation to Geo-dynamic activities. Origin and interior of the Earth. Dating of rocksuoy various
methods and age of the Earth. Volcanoes-causes and products; volcanic belts. Earthquakes-causes, geological
effect and distribution.
Geosynelines and their classification, Island areas, deep sea trenches and mid-ocean ridges, sea-floor
spreading and plate tectonics. Isostrasy, Mountains types and origin. Brief ideas about continental drift, Origin of
continents and oceans. Radioactivity and its application to geological problems.
(ii) Geomorphology:
Basic concepts and significance. Geomorphic processes and parameters. Geomorphic cycles and their
interpretation. Relief features; Topography and its relation to structures and lithology. Major landforms.
Drainage patterns. Geomorphic features of Indian subcontinent and Chotanagpur plateau.
(iii) Structural Geology:
Stress and strain ellipsoid, and rock deformation. Mechanics of folding and faulting. Linear and planer structures
and their genetic significance Petrofabric analysis, its graphic representation and application to geological
problems. Tectonic framework of India.
(iv) Palacontology:
Micro and Macro-fossils. Modes of preservation and utility of fossils, General idea about classification and
nomenclature. Organic evolution and the bearing of pala contological studies on it.
Morphology, classification and geological history including evolutionary trends of biachiopods, bivaleves,
gastropods, ammonoids, trilobites, echinoids and corals.
Prinicpal groups of vertebrates and their main morphological characters. Vertebraes life through ages;
dinosaurs: siwalik vertebrates. Evolution of horses, elephants and man, Gondwana flora and its importance.
Types of micro fossils and their significance with special reference to petroleum exploration.
(v) Stratigraphy:

71
Principles of Stratigraphy Stratigraphic classification and nomenclature. Standard stratigraphic scale. Detailed
study of various geological systems of Indian subcontienet. Boundary Problems in Indian stratigraphy. An
outline of the stratigraphy of various geological systems in their type-areas. Brief study of climates and igneous
activities in Indian symmetry during geological post Palaecogeographic reconstructions.
Section II
(Crystallography Mineralogy. Petrology and Economic Geology)
(i) Crystallography:- crystalline and non crystalline substances. Space groups. Lattice symmetry.
Classification of crystals into 32 classes of symmentry. International system of crystallorgraphic notation. Use of
stereographic projections to represent crystal symmetry. Twinning and twin laws Crystal irregularities.
Application of X-Rays for crystal studies.
(ii) Optical Mineralogy:-
General principles of optics Isotropism and anisotropism, Concepts of optical indicatrix, pleochroisn,
interference colours and extinction. Optic orientation in crystals. Dispersion. Optical accessories.
(iii) Minerlogy:
Elements of crystal chemistry-types of bondings Ionicradi, coordination number, isomorphism, polymorphism
and pseudomorphism. Structural classification of silicates. Detailed study of rock-forming minerals-their
physical, chemical and optical properties and uses, if any, study of the alteration products of these minerals.
(iv) Petrology:-
Magma, its generation, nature and composition. Simple phase diagrams of binary and ternary systems, and their
significance, Bowen's Reaction Prinicple. Magmatic differentiation; assimilation, Textures and structures, and
their petrogenetic significance. Classificaiton of igneous rocks. Petrography and petro genesis of important rock-
types of India Genesis of granites; charnockites; anorthosites; and alkaline rocks.
Processes of formation of sedimertary rocks. Diagenesis and lithification. Textures and structures of sedimentary
rock and their significance. Classifcations of sedimentary rocks elastic and non-elastic. Heavy minerals and their
significance. Elementary concept of depositional environments. sedimentary facies and provenance. Petrography
of common sedimentary rock types.
Agents of metamorphism. Types of metamorphism. Metamorphic grades, zones and facies. ACF, AKF and AFM
diagrams. Textures, structures and nomencluature of metamorphic rocks. Petrography and petrogenesis of
important metamorphic rock types.
(v) Economic Geology:
Concept of ore, ore mineral and gangue, tenor of ores. Processes of formation of mineral deposits. Common
forms and structures of ore deposits. Classificaion of ore deposits. Control of ore deposition Metallogenetic
enochs. Study of important metallic an no-metallic deposits oil and and natural gas fields and coalfields of India.
Mineral wealth of Bihar, Mineral economics, National Mineral policy Conservation and utilation of minerals.
(vi) Applied Geology:
Essentials of prospecting and exploration teachinques. Principal methods of mining sampling redressing and
benefication. Application of geology in Engineernig works.
Elements of soil and groundwater geology. Groundwater Provinces of Bihar. Use of Air related Diagrams in
Geological Exploration.

15. HISTORY

Section- I
Part A- History of India (Down to A.D. 750)
1. The Indus Civilisation
Origins extent, characteriatic features, major cities, trade and contacts, causes of decline, survival and continuity.
2. The Vedic age
Vedic literature. Geographical area known to vedic texts. Differences and similarities between Indus Civilisation
and Vedic culture. Politcal, social and economic patterns.Major religious ideas and rituals.
3. The Pre-Maurya Period
Religious movements (Jainism. Budhism and other sects). Social and economic conditions. Republics and
growth of Magadha imperialism.
4. The Maurya Empire
Sources, rise, extent and fall of the empire administration .Social and economic conditions. Ashoka's policy and
reform, art.
5. The Post-Maurya Period (200 B.C-300 A.D).

72
Prinicipal dynasties in Northern and Southern India. Economy and Society, Sanskrit, Prakrit and Tamil, Religion
(Rise of Mahayana and theistic cults). Art (Gandhara, Mathura and other schools). Contacts with Central Asia.
6. The Gupta Age
Rise and fall of the Gupta Empire, the Vakatakas. Administration, Society, economy, literature, art and religion.
Contacts with South Asia.
7. Post-Gupta Period (B.C 500-750 A.D)
Pushy-bhutis. The Muakharis. The later Guptas. Harshavardhana and his times. Chalukyas of Badami. The
Pallavas society. administration and art. The Arab conquest.
8. General review of science and technology, education and learning.

Part B- Medieval India

India: 750 A.D. to 1200 A.D
I. Political and social conditions: the Rajputs their polity and social Structure, Land structure, and its impacts
on society.
II. Trade and Commerce.
III. Art, Religion and Philosophy, Sankaracharya.
IV. Maritime activities, contacts with the Arabs, mutual, Cultural impacts.
V. Rashtrakutas, their role in History- Contribution to art and culture. The chola Empire Local Self-
Government, features of the Indian village system society, economy, art and learing in the South.
VI. Indian Society on the eve of Mahmud of Ghazni's campaigns, Al-Biruni's observations.
INDIA: 1200 1765
VII. foundation of the Delhi Sultante in Northern India, causes and circumstances, its impact on the Indian
society.
VIII. Khilji Imperialism, significance and implications, administrative and economic regulations and their
impact on State and the people.
IX. New orientation of State policies and administration principles under Muhamed Bin Tughluq. Religious
policy and public works of Firoz Shah.
X. Disintegration of the Delhi Sultanate; causes and its effects on the Indian policy and society.
XI. Nature and character of State; political ideas and institutions. Agrarian structure and relations, growth of
urban centres, trade and commerce, conditions of artisans and peasants, new crafts, industry and technology,
Indian medicines.
XII. Influence of Islam on Indian culture. Muslim mystic movements, nature and significance of Bhakti saints,
Maharashtra Dharma, role of the Vaisnave revivalist movement social and religious significance of the chaitanya
movement, impact of Hindu society on Muslim social life.
XIII. The Vijayangar Empire: its origin and growth contribution to art, literatiure and culture; social and
economic conditions, system of administration, break-up of the Vijayanagar Empire.
XIV. Sources of History: important chronicles. Inscriptions and Travellers Accounts.
XV. Establishment of Mughal Empire in Northern India: political and social conditions in Hindustan on the eve
of Babur's invasion, Babur and Humayun Establishment of the Portuguese control in the Indian ocean, its
political and economic consequences.
XVI. Sur Administration, political, revenue and military administration.
XVII. Expansion of the Mughal Empire under Akbar: political unification: new concepts of monarchy under
Akbar: Akbar's religio-political outlook: relations with the non-Muslims.
XVIII. Growth of regional languages and literature during the medieval period development of art and
architecture.
XIX. Political ideas and institutions; nature of the Mughal State, land revenue administration; the Mansabdari
and the Jagirdari systems, the landed structure and the role of the Zamindars, agrarian relations, the military
organisation.
XX. Aurangzeb's religious policy; expansion of the Mughal Empire in Deccan; revolts against Aurangzeb-
Character and consequences.
XXI. Growth of urban centres; industrial economy urban and rural; foreign trade and commerce. The
Mughals and the European trading companies.
XXII. Hindu-Muslim relations; trends of integration; composite culture (16th to 18th centuries).
XXIII. Rise of Shivaji, his conflict with the Mughals; administration of Shivaji, expansion of the Maratha
power under the Peshwas (1707-1761), Maratha political structure under the First Three Peshwas; Chauth and
Sardeshmukhi, Third Battle of Panipat, causes and effects; emergence of the Maratha confederacy, its structure
and role.
XXIV. Disintegration of the Mughal Empire, emergence of the new Regional States.

73
 Section- II
Part A Modern India
1. Historical Forces and Factors which led to the British conquest of India with special reference to Bengal,
Maharashtra and Sind resistance of Indian powers and causes of their failure.
2. Evolution of British Paramountey over princely States.
3. Stages of colonialism and changes in Administrative structure and policies. Revenue, Judicial and Social
and Educational and their linkages with British colonial interests.
4. British economic policies and their impact- Commercialisation of agriculture Rural indebtedness, growth of
agricultural labour. Destruction of handicraft industries. Drain of wealth, growth of modern industry and rise of a
capitalist class. Activities of the Christian Missions.
5. Efforts at regeneration of Indian society. Socio-religious movements, social religious, political and
economic ideas of the reformers and their vision of future, nature and limitation of 19th centure "Renaissance".
Caste movements in general with special reference to South India and Maharashtra, tribal, revolts, specially in
Central and Eastern India.
6. Civil rebellions, Revolt of 1857, Civil Rebellions, and peasant revolts with special reference to Indigo
revolt. Deccan riots and Mapplia uprising.
7. Rise and growth of Indian National Movement. Social basis of Indian nationalism policies. Programme of
the early nationalists and militant nationalists militant revolutionary group terrorists. Rises and growth of
communalism; emergence of Gandhiji in Indian politics and his techneques of mass mobilisation. Non-co-
operation, civil disobedience and Quit India Movements, trade union and peasant movements. State (s) people
movements, rise and growth of left-wing within the Congress- The Congress, Socialists and Communists; British
official response to National Movement. Attitude of the Congrsess to constitutional chages, 1909-1935; Indian
National Army Naval Mutiny of 1946, the partition of India and achievement of freedom.
Part- B

WORLD HISTORY (1500 - 1950)

A. Geographical Discoveries. Decline of feudalism; beginnings of capitalism.
Renaissance and reformation in Europe.
The new absolute monarchies Emergence of the Nation State
Commercial revolution in Western Europe Mercantilism
Growth of Parliamentray institutions in England.
The Thirty Year's War. Its significance in European History.
Ascedancy of France.
B. The emergence of a scientific view of the World. The age of Enlightenment.
The American Revolution Its significance.
The French Revolution and Napoleonic Era (1789 - 1815). Its Significance in World History.
The growth of liberalism and democracy in Western Europe (1815 - 1914)
Scientific and technological background to the Industrial revolution stages of the Industrial Revolution in
Europe.
C. Consolidatinon of large nation States- The unification of Italy the founding of Socialist and labour
Movement in Europe.
The German Empire.
The American Civil War.
Colonialism and Imperialism in Asia and Africa in the 19th and 20th centuries.
China and the Western Powers.
Modernisation of Japan and its emergence as a great power.
The European powers and the Ottaman Empire (1815 - 1914)
The First World War The economic and social impact of the war the peace of Paris, 1919.
D. The Russian Revolution, 1917 Economics and Social Reconstruction in soviet Union.
Rise of National Movements in Indonesia, China and Indo-China.
Rise and establishment of Communism in China.
Awakeing in the Arab World- Struggle for freedom and reform in Egypt Emegence of Modern Turkey Kamal
Ataturk The rise of Arab nationalism.
World Depression of 1929 -32.
The new deal of Franklin D. Roosevelt.
Rise of Militarism in Japan.
Orgins and impact of Second World War.

74
 16. LABOUR AND SOCIAL WELFARE

Section- I

LABOUR LEGISLATION AND LABOUR ADMINISTRATION

1. Principles of Labour Legislation kinds of Labour Legislation.

2. A brief history of labour legislation in India.
3. Provisions relating to labour in the Indian Constituion.
4. The following labour laws as amended up-to-date main provisions and evaluation:-
(a) Factories Act, 1948.
(b) Minimum Wages Act, 1948 Working in Bihar.
(c) Payment of Wages Act, 1936.
(d) Equal Remuneration Act, 1976.
(e) Workmen's Compensation Act, 1923.
(f) Maternity Benefit Act, 1961.
(g) Employees State Insurance Act, 1948.
(h) Payment of Gratuity Act, 1972.
(i) Child Labour (Prohibition and Regulation) Act, 1986.
(j) Beedi and Cigar Workmen (Conditions of Employment) Act, 1966.
(k) Bihar Shops and Establishments Act, 1953.
5. International Labour Organisation Composition Activities Creation of International Standards of
Labour-Influence on Indian Labour Legislation.
6. Labour Administration in Bihar.
Section- II

INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS AND SOCIAL WELFARE

I. Industrial Relations and Trade Unions with Reference to India and Bihar.
(a) Industrial relations concept, scope, main aspects.
(b) Industrial dispute and strikes forms, causes and prevention different methods of settling industrial dispute
collective bargaining Industrial Dispute Act, 1947.
(c) Worker's participation in management objectives institutions present position causes of failure in
India.
(d) Trade Unions in India brief history kinds objectives and methods of achievement structure and
Government political affiliation and leadership problem of rivalry and recognition trade Unions Act, 1925.
(e) Code of discipline and code of conduct.
II. Social welfare and social security.
(a) Social security meaning scope nature and methods.
(b) Unemployment meaning kinds courses measures for removing special employment programmes in
India.
(c) Poverty meaning kinds extent causes measures for eradicating special Governments, programme for
eradicating rural poverty in India and Bihar.
(d) Child welfare problems of children welfare measures for them.
(e) Women welfare problems of women welfare measures of them.
(f) Welfare of Scheduled Castes and Schedualed Tribes problems welfare measures.
(g) Prohibition - position in Bihar
(h) Prostitution nature causes effects measures for removing.
(i) Beggary- nature courses situation in Bihar.
(j) Social security programmes of the Government of Bihar old-age pension unemployment Dole Group
Insurancerehabilitation of bonded labourers.

75
 17. LAW
Sectiion I
Part- I Constional law of India.
1. Nature of the Indian Constitution' the distinctive features of its federal character.
2. Fundamental Right; Directive Principles and their Relationship with Fundamental Right; Fundamental
Duties.
3. Right to Equality.
4. Right to Freedom of Speech and Expression.
5. Right to Life and Personal Liberty.
6. Religious, Cultural and Educational Rights.
7. Constitutional position of the President and relationship with the Council Ministers.
8. Governor and his powers.
9. Supreme Court and high Courts, their powers and jurisdiction.
10. Unon Public Service Commission and State Public Service Commission:
their powers and functions.
11. Principles of Natural Justice.
12. Distribution of Legislative powers between the Union and the States.
13. Delegated legislation its constitutionality. Judicial and legislative controls.
14. Administrative and Financial Relations between the Union and the States.
15. Trade. Commerce and Intercourse in India;
16. Emergency provisions.
17. Constitutional safeguards to Civil Servants.
18. Parliamentary Privileges and immunities.
19. Amendment of the Constitution.
Part- II. INTERNATIONAL LAW.
1. Nature of International Law.
2. Sources: Treaty; Custom, General Principles of Law recogned by civiled nations. Subsidiary means for
the determination of Law Resolutions of International organs and regulations of Specialed Agencies.
3. Relationship between International Law and Municipal Law.
4. State Recognition and State Succession.
5. Territory of States: modes of acquisition, boundaries, International Rivers.
6. Sea: Inland Waters, Territorial sea, Contiguous Zone, Continenatal shelf, Exclusive Economic Zone and
ocean beyond national jurisdiction.
7. Air space and aerial navigation.
8. Outer space: Explotation and use of Outer Space.
9. Individuals. Nationality Statelessness; Human Rights and Procedures available for their enforcement
10. Jurisdiction of States: bases of jurisdiction, immunity from jurisdiction.
11. Extradition and Asylum.
12. Diplomatic Missions and Concular Posts.
13. Treaties: Formation, application and termination.
14. State Responsibility.
15. United Nations: Its Principal organs, powers and functions.
16. Peaceful settlement of disputes.
17. Lawful recourse to force; aggression, self defence, intervention.
18. Legality of the use of nuclear weapons; ban on testing of nuclear weapons; Nuclear Non-Proliferation
Treaty.
Section- II
Part I. Law of crimes and Torts:
Law of Crimes
1. Concept of crime: actus reus, mens rea, means rea in statutory offences, punishments mandatory sentences
preparation and attempt.
2. Indian penal Codes:
(a) Application of the Code.
(b) General exceptions.
(c) Joint and constructive liability.
(d) Abetment.
(e) Criminal conspiracy.

76
(f) Offences against the State.
(g) Offences against public tranquility.
(h) Offences by or relating to public servants.
(i) Offences against human body.
(j) Offences against property.
(k) Offences relating to Marriage; Cruelty by husband or his relatives to wife.
(l) Defamation.
3. Protection of Civil Rights Act, 1955.
4. Dowry prohibition Act, 1961.
5. Prevention of Food Adulteration Act, 1954.

Part II. Law of Torts

1. Nature of tortuous liability.
2. Liability based upon fault and strict liability.
3. Statutory liability.
4. Vicrious liability.
5. Joint Tort-feasors
6. Remedies.
7. Negligence.
8. Occupier's liability and liability in respect of structures;
9. Detenu and conversion.
10. Defamation.
11. Nuisance.
12. Conspiracy.
13. False Imprisonment and Malicious Prosecution.
Part III. Law of Contracts and Mercantile Law.
1. Formation of contract.
2. Factors vitiating consent.
3. Void, voidable, illegal and unenforceable agreements.
4. Performance of contracts.
5. Dissolution of contractual obligations, frustration of contracts.
6. Quasi. contracts.
7. Remedies for breach of contract.
8. Sale of goods and hire purchase.
9. Agency.
10. Formation and dissolution of Partnersrip.
11. Negotiable Instruments.
12. The Banker-customer relationship.
13. Government control over private Companies.
14. The Monopolics and Restrictive Trade Practices Act, 1969.
15. The Consumer Protection Act, 1986

18. MANAGEMENT
Section- I
The candidate should make a study of the development of the field of management as a systematic body of
knowledge and acquaint himself adequately with the contributions of leading authorities on the subject. He
should study the role, function and behaviour of a manager and relevance of various concepts and theories to the
Indian context. Apart from these general concepts, the candidate should study the environment of business and
also attempt to understand the tools and techniques of decision making.
Organisational Behaviour and Management Concepts, Significance of social psychological factors for
understanding organational behaviour, Relevance of theories of motivation; Contribution of Maslow. Herzberg,
McGregor, McClelland and other leading authorities, Research studies in leadership. Management by Objectives.
Small group and intergroup behaviour. Application of these concepts for understanding the managerial role,
conflict and cooperation, work norms and dynamics of organational behaviour. Organisational change.
Organisational design: Classical, neo-classical and open systems theories of organation, Centralisation,
decentralation, delegation, authority and control. Organisational structure, systems and processes, strategies,

77
policies and objectives, Decision making communication and control. Management information system and role
of computer in management.
Economic Environment.
National Income, analysis and its use in business forecasting. Trends and structure in Indian Economy,
Government programmes and policies. Regulatory Policies: monetary fiscal and planning, and the impact of such
macro-policies on enterprise decisions and plans-Demand analysis and forecasting, cost analysis, pricing
decisions under different market structures pricing of joint products, and price discrimination capital
budgeting applications under Indian conditions. Choice of projects and cost benefit analysis choice of
production techniques.
Quantitative Methods
Classical Optimatoin: maxima and minima of single and several variables; optimation under constraints
Applications. Linear Programming: Problem formulation Graphical Solution Simplex Method Duality post
optimality, analysis Applications of integar Programming and dynamic Programming Formulation of
Transportation and assignement Models of linear Programming and methods of solution.
Satistical Methods. Measures of Central tendencies and variations Application of Binominal. Poison and
Normal distributions. Time series Regression and correlation Tests of Hypotheses Decision marking under
risk: Decision Trees Expected Monetary Value Value of Information Application of Bayes Theorem to
posterior analysis. Decision making under uncertainty. Different criteria for selecting optimum stragegies.

Section- II
Part- I Marketing Management
Marketing and Economic Development Marketing Concept and its applicability to the Indian economy
Major tasks of management in the context of developing economy Rural and Urban marketing, their prospects
and problems.
Planning and Strategy in the context of domestic and export marketing concept of marketing mix- Market
Segmentation and product differentiation strategies Consumer Motiation and Behaviour Consumer
Behavioural Models Product. Brind distribution Public distribution system price and promotion.
DECISIONS- Planning and control of marketing programmes Markeing research and models Sales
Organisational dynamic Marketing Information system. Marketing audit and control.
Export incentives and promotional strategies Role of Government, trade association and individual
organation problems and prospects of export marketing.
Part- II Production and Materials Management.
Fundamentals of production from Management point of view. Types of Manufacturing systems continuous-
repetitive, intermittent. Organising for Production, Long range, forecast and aggregate production planning. Plant
Design: Process planning, plant se and scale of operations, location of plant, layout of physical facilities.
Equipment replacement and maintenance.
Functions of production planning and Control, Routing, Loading and Scheduling for dirrerent types of
production systems. Assembly line Balancing, Machine line Balancing.
Role and importance of materials management, Material handling, Value analysis, Quality control waste and
scrap disposal, make or buy decisions, Codificaiton, Standardisation and spare parts inventory. Inventory control
ABC Analysis, Economic order quantity, Recorder point, Safety stock. Two Bin system. Waste management
DGS & D purchase process and procedure.
Part- III Financial Management
General tools of financial Analysis: Ratio analysis, funds flow analysis, cost volume-profit analysis, cash
budgeting, financial and operative leverage.
Investment Decision: Steps in Capital expenditure managements, criteria for investment appraisal, cost of
capital and its application in public and private secotrs. Risk analysis in investment decisions, organational
evalution of capital expenditure management with special reference to India.
Financing decision: Estimating the firms of financial requirements, financial structure determinations,
capital markets, institutional mechanism for funds with special reference to India. Security analysis leasing and
sub-contracting.
Working Capital Managements: Determining the se of working capital, managing the managerial attitude
towards risk in working capital, management of cash, inventory and accounts receivables, effects of inflation on
working capital management.

78
 Income Determination and Distribution: Internal financing, determination of divided policy, implication of
inflationary tendencies in determining the dividend policy, valuation and dividednd policy.
Financial management in public sector with special reference to India.
Performance budgeting and principles of financial accounting. Systems of management control.
Part IV Human Resource Management.
Characteristics and significance of Human Resources Personnel policies Manpower, policy and planning
Recruitment and selection Technique Training and Development Promotions, and Transfer: Performance
Appraisal Job Evaluation: Wage and Salary Administration; Employee Morals and Motivation. Conflict
Management. Management of Change and Development.
Industrial Relations Economy and Society in India: Worker profile and Management Styles in India; Trade
Unionism in India: labour Legislation with special reference to Industrial Disputes Act: Payment of Bonus Act:
Trade Unins Act: Industrial democracy and Workers participation in Menage indication. Discipline and
Grievances Handling in Industry.

19. MATHEMATICS
SECTION- I
Candidates shall answer not more than three questions from each section.
Linear Algebra.
Vector space bases, dimension of finitely generated space. Linear transformations, Rank and nulity of a
linear transformation, Cayley Hamilton theorem. Eigenvalues and Eigenvectors.
Matrix of a linear transformation. Row and Column reduction. Echelon form. Equivalence. Congruence and
similarity. Reduction to canonical forms.
Orthogonal, symmetrical, skew-symmetrical, unitary, Hermitian and Skew-Hermitian matrices their
eigenvalues, orthogonal and unitary reduction of quadric and Hermitian forms, positive definite quadratic forms.
Simultaneous reduction.
Calculus.
Real numbers, limits, continuity, differentiability, Mean-Value theorem, Taylor's theorem, indeterminate
forms, Maxima and Minima, Curve Tracing, Asymptotes, Functions of several variables, partial derivatives.
Maxima and Minima, Jacobian. Definite and indefinite integrals, double and triple intergrals (techniques only).
Application to Beta and Gamma functions. Areas, Volumes, Centre of gravity.
Analytic Geometry of two and three dimensions:
First and second degree equations in two dimensions in Cartesian and polar conrdinates. Plane, Sphere,
Paraboloid, Ellipsoid. Hyperboloid of one and two sheets and their elementary properties. Curves in space,
curvature and torsion. Frenet's formula.
Differential Equations.
Order and Degree and a differential equation, differential equation of first order and degree, variables
separable. Homogeneous, Linear and exact differential equations. Differential equations with constant
coefficients. The complementary function and the particular integral of eax, cosax , sinax,xm, eax , cosbx, eax, sin bx.
Vector, Tensor, Statics, Dynamics and Hydrostatics:
(i) Vector Analysis Vector Algebra, Differential of Vector function of a scalar variable, Gradient, Divergence
and Curl in Cartesian Cylindrical and spherical co-ordinates and their physical interpretation. Higher order
derivatives. Vector indentities and Vector equations, Gauss and Stocks theorems.
(ii) Tensor Analysis Definition of Tensor, transformation of co-ordinates, contravariant and covariant tensor.
Addition and multiplication of tensors, contraction of tensors, Inner product, fundamental tensor, chirstofel
symbols, covariant differentiation. gradient, Curl and divergene in tensor notation.
(iii) Statics Equilibrium of a system of particles, work and potential energy. Friction, Common catenary.
Princlple of Virtual Work stability of equilibrium, Equlibrium of forces in three dimensions
(iv) Dynamics Degree of freedom and constraints. Rectilinear motion. Simple harmonic motion. Motion in a
plane. Projectiles. Constrained motion. Work and energy motion under implusive forces. Kepler's laws. Orbits
under central forces. Motion of varying mass. Motion under resistance.
(v) Hydrostatics Pressure of heavy fluids. Equilibrium of fluids under given system of forces Centre of
pressure. Thrust on curved surfaces, Equilibrium and pressure of gases, problems relating to atmosphere.

79
 SECTION- II
Algebra, Real Analysis, Complex Analysis, Partial Differential equations.
Mechanics,, Hydrodynamics, Numerical Analysis. Statistics including probability operational research.
Algebra.
Groups, sub-groups, normal sub-groups, homomorphism of groups, quotient groups. Basic isomorphism
theorems. Sylow theorems. Permutation Groups, Cayley's theorem. Rings and Ideals, Principal Ideal domains,
unique factoration domains and Euclidean domains. Field Extensions. Finite fields.
Real Analysis.
Metric spaces, their topology with special reference to Rn sequence in a metric space, Cauchy sequency
Completeness, Completion Continuous functions, Uniform Continuity, Properties of Continous function on
Compact sets. Riemanh Stieltjes intergral, Improper intergrals and their conditions of existence. Differentiation
of functions of several variable, Impicit function theorem, maxima and minima, Absolute and conditional
convergence series of real and complex terms, Re-arrangement of series. Uniform convergence, Infinite products,
Continuity, differentiability and integrability for series, Multiple intergrals.
Complex Analysis.
Analytic functions, Cauchy's theorem, Cauchy's integral formula, Power series, Taylor's, Singularities,
Cauchy's Residue theorem and Contour integration.
Partial Differential Equations.
Formations of partial differential equations. Types of intergrals of partial differential Equations of first order
Charpits method. Partial differential equation with constant co-efficient.
Mechanics.
Generalised co-ordinates, Constrainst, Holonomic and Non-holonomic systems, D' Alembert's principle and
Lagranges equations. Moment of Inertia, Motion of rigid bodies in two dimension.
Hydrodyanamics.
Equation of continuity, Momentum and energy. Inviscid Flow Theory Two dimensional motion, streaming
motion, Sources and Sinks.
Numerical Analysis.
Transcendental and Polynomial Equations Methods of tabulation, bisection, regula-talsi, secant, and
Newton-Raphson and order of its convergence.
Interpolation and Numerical differentiation Polynomial interpolation with equal or unequal step se.
Spline interpolation Cubic splines. Numerical differentiation formulae with error terms.
Numerical integration Problems of approximate guardrative guardrature formulae with equispaced
arguments. Caussina quardrature convergence.
Ordinary differential equations Eulers method, Multistep-predictor corrector methods Adam's and Milne's
method, convergence and stability, Runge Kutta methods.
Probability and Statistics.
1. Statistical methods Concept of statistical population and readom sample. Collection and presentation of
data. Measure of location and dispersion. Moments and shepard's correction comulants. Measures of Skewness
and Kurtosis.
Curve fitting by least squares regression, correlation and correlation ratio. Rank correlation, Partial correlation
co-efficient and Multiple correlation co-efficient.
2. Probability Discrete sample space, Events, their union and intersection, etc., Probability Classical
relative frequency and exiomatic approaches. Probability in continuum probability space conditional probability
and independence, Basic laws of probability, Probability of combination of events, Bayes theorem, Random
variable probability function, Probability density function. Distributions function, Mathematical expectation.
Marginal and conditional distributions, Conditional expectation.
3. Probability distributions Dinomial, Poisson Normal Gamma, Beata. Cauchy, Multinomial,
Hypergeometirc, Negative Binomial, Chebychey's Lemma. (Weak) law of large numbers, Central limit theorem
for independent and identical varieties, standerd errors, Sampling distribution of T.F and Chi-square and their
uses in tests of significance large sample tests for mean and proportion.

Operational Research.

80
 Mathematical Programming Definition and some elementary properties of convex sets, simplex methods,
degeneracy, duality, sensitivity analysis rectangular games and their solutions. Transportation and assignment
problems. Kuha Tucker condition for non-linear programming Bellman's optimality principle and some
elementary applications of dynamic programming.
Theory of Queues Analysis of steady-state and transient solution for queueing system with poission
arrivals and exponential service time.
Deterministic replacement models, sequencing problems with two machines, n jobs, 3 machines, n jobs
(special case) and n machines, 2 jobs.

20. MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

Section- I
Statics Equalibrium in three dimension suspension cables, principle of virtual work.
Dynamics Relative motion coriolis force motion, of a rigid body. Gyrsocpic motion impulse.
Theory of Machines Higher and lower pairs, inversions, sterign mechanisms. Hooks joint velocity and
acceleration of links, interia forces. Cama conjugate action of gearing and interference, gear trains epicyclic
gears. Clutches, belt drives, brakes dynamometers, flywheels governors. Balancing of rotating and reciprocating
masses and multicylinder engines. Free, forced and damped vibrations for a single degree of freedom. Degrees of
freedom critical speed and whirling of shafts.
Mechanics of solids. Stress and strain in two dimension. Mohr's circle. Theories of failure, deflection of
beams. Buckling of columns, combined binding and torsion castiglapo's theorem. Thick cylinders rotating disks
Shrink fit. Thermal stresses.
Manufacturing Science Merchant's theory Taylors equation. Machineability. Unconventional machining
methods including EDM, ECM and ultrasonic machining. Use of lesers and plasms. Analysis of forming
processes high velocity forming expolsive forming. Surface roughness, gauging comparators, Jigs and Fixtures.
Production Management- Work simplification work sampling value engineering. Line balancing, work station
design, storage space requirement. A B C analysis. Economic order, quanitity including finite production rate.
Graphical and simplex methods for linear programming; transportation model, elementary quieing theory.
Quality control and its uses in product design. Use of X, R, P (Sigma) and C charts. Single sampling plans,
operating characteristic curves, average sample se Regression analysis.

Section- II
Thermodynamics Applications of the first and second laws of thermodynamics. Detailed analysis of
thermodynamics cycles.
Fluid Machanies. Continuity, momentum and energy equations. Velocity distribution in laminar and
turbulent flow. Dimensional analysis. Boundary layer on a flat plate. A diabatic and isentrophic flow. Mach
number.
Heat Transfer Critical thickness of insulation conduction in the presence of heat sources and sinks. Heat
transfer from fines. One dimensional unstuady conducation. Time constant for the mocouples. Momentum and
energy equations for boundary layers on a flat plate. Dimensionless number free and forced convection. Boiling
and condensation nature of radiant heat. Stefan-Boltz-Mann Law. Configuration factor logarithmic mena
temperature difference. Heat exchanger effectivencess and number of transfer units.
Energy Conversion Combustion phenomenon in C.I and S.I engines carburation and fuel injection
Selection of pumbs classification of hydraulic turbines, specific speed. performace of compressor. Analysis of
steam and gas turbines. High pressure boilers, Unconventional power systems, including Nuclear power and M H
D systems. Utilisation of solar energy.
Environmental Control Vapour compression absorption, steam jet and air refrigeration systems, properties
and characteristics of important refregerants. Use of phychometric chart and comfort chart, estimation of cooling
and haring loads. Calculation of supply air state and rate. Air conditioning plants lay-out.

81
 21. PHILOSOPHY
Section I
Metaphysics and Epistemology
Candidate will be expected to be familiar with theories types of Epistemology and metaphysics India and
Western with special reference to the following
(a) Western Idealism; Realism; Absolutism Empiricism Rationalism; Logilca 'I' Positivism; Anaysis;
Phenomenology; Existentialism and pragnatism.
(b) India- Pramanans and pranaya; Theories of Turth and error, philosophy of language and meaning; Telteories
of reality with reference to main system (Orthodox and Heterodox) of Philosophy.

Section- II
Socio political philosophy and philosophy of Religion
1. Nature of philosophy its relation to life, thought and culture.
2. The following topics with special reference to the Indian context including Indian Constitution:-
Political Ideologies; Democracy Socialism, Fascism, Theocracy, Communism and Sarvodaya.
Methods of Political Action: Constitutionalism, Revolution, Terrorism and Satyagraha.
3. Tradition, change and modernity with reference to Indian social Institutions.
4. Philosophy of Religious language and meaning.
5. Nature and scope of philosophy of religion. Philosophy of religion with special reference to Buddhism,
Jainism, Hinduism, Islam ,Christianity and Sikhism.
(a) Theolgoy and philosophy of Religion.
(b) Foundations of religious belief, Reason Revelation Faith and Mysticism.
(c) God Immortality of Soul, Liberation and Problem of Evil and sin.
(d) Equlity, Unity and universality of Religions; Religious TLolerance; Conversion Secularism.
6. Moksha Paths leading to Moksha.

22. PHYSICS
Section-I
Mechanics, Thermal Physics and Wave and Oscillations
1. Mechanics:-
Conservation Laws. Collisions, impact parameter, scattering cross-section. Centre of mass and Lab-systems with
transformation of physical quantities, Rutherford Scattering. Motion of a rocket under constant force field.
Rotating formes of reference, Coriolis force, Motion of rigid bodies, Angular momentum, Torque and procession
of a top, Gyroscope. Central forces, Motion under inverse square law, Kepler's Laws, Motion of Satellites
(including geostationery). Galilean Relativity, Speical Theory of Relativity, Micheloson-Morley Experiement,
Lorentz Transformation addition theorem of velocities, Variation of mass with, Velocity, Mass Energy
equivalence, Fluid dynamics, streamlines, turbulence, Beronullis Equation with simple applications.
2. Thermal Physics:
Laws of thermodynamics, Entroypy, Carnot's cycle, Isothermal and Adiabatic changes, Thermodynamic
Potenials Maxwell's relations. The Clausius-Clapey ren equation reversible cell, Joule-Kelvin effect etc. fan
boltazmann Law, Kinetic Theory of Gases, Maxwell's Distribution Law of velocities, Equipartition of energy,
Specific heats of gases Mean free path, Brownian Motion. Black body radiation, specific heat of solids
Einstean and Dbye theories, Wein's Law, Plankc's Law, solar constant. Thermalionation and Stellar spectra.
Production of law temperatures using adrabatic remagnalation and deduction refrigeration, concept of negative
temperature.
3. Waves and Oscillations.
Oscillations, Simple harmonic motion, stationary and travelling waves, Damped harmonic motion, forced
oscillation and Resonance. Wave equation, harmonic Solutions, Plane and Spherical waves, Superposition of
waves, phase and group velocities, Beats. Huygen's principle, Interference. Differaction-Fresnel and Fraunhofer.
Diffraction by statight edge, single and multiple slits, Re-solving power of grating and Optical Instruments.
Ravleigh Criterion. Polaration, Production and detection of polared light (linera, circular and elliptical). Laser
sources (Helium-Neon, Ruby and semiconductor diode) Concept of spatial and temporal coherence diffraction as
a fourier transformation. Fresnel and Fraunhofer diffraction by rectangular and circular apertures, Holography;
theory and applications.

82
 Section- II
(Electricity and Magnetism, Modern Physics and Electronics)
1. Electricity and Magnetism:-
Columb's Law, Electric field. Gauss's law, Electric-potential Possion and laphlace equation for a homogeneous
dietectric, uncharged conducting sphere in a uniform field, point chage and infinite conducting plane. Magnetic
Shell Magnetic induction and field strength. Blot-Savart law and applications. Electromagnetic induction,
Faraday's and Le's laws, self and mutual inductances. Alternating currents. L.C.R. circuits series and parallel
resonace circuits, quality factor. Kirchoff's laws with application. Maxwell's equations and electromagnetic
waves, Transverse nature of electromagnetic waves, Poynting vector. Magnetic fileds in matter dia para, ferro
antiferro and ferri magnetism (qualitative approach only).
2. Modern Physics:
Bohr's theory of hydrogen atom. Electron spin, optical and X-ray Spectra. Stern Gerlach experiment and
spatical quantation. Vector model of the atom, spectral terms, fine structure of spectral fines. J-J and L.S
coupling Zeeman effect, Paull's; oxclusion principle, spectral term of two equivalent and non equivalent
electorns. Gross and fine structure of electroic band Spectra. Raman effect. Phototelectric effect. Compton effect,
debroglie waves. Wave particle duality and uncertainty principle. Schrodingr wave equation with application to
(i) particle in a box (ii) motion across a step potential, one dimentional harmonic oscillator eigen values and
eigon functions. Uncertainty Priciple Radioactivity, Alpha, Beta and Gamma radiations. Elementary theory of the
alpha decay. Nuclear binding energy. Mass spectroscopy, Semi empirical mass fourmula. Nuclear fission and
fusion. Elementary Reactor physics Elementary particle their classification. Strong and weak electro magnetic
intractions. Particle accelerators; cyclotron. Linear accelerations. Elementary ideas of super conductivity.
3. Electronics:
Band theory of Solids- Conductors, insulators and semiconductors. Intrinsic and extrinsic semiconductor P.N
junction, Thermistor, Zenner diodes reverse and forward biased P. N Junction, Solar cell use of diodes and
transistors for rectification, emplification, oscillation, modulation and detection of r.f. waves. Transistor receiver,
Television Logic Gates.

23. POLITICAL SCIENCE AND INTERNATION RELATIONS

Section-I
Part-A

POLITICAL THEORY:
1. Main feature of ancient Indian Political Thought ; Manu and Kautilya; Ancient Greek thought Plato.
Aristotle; General characteristics of European medieval political thought; St. Thomas Aquinas, Marsiglip of
padua; Machavelli. Hobbes, Locke. Montesq-uien, Rousseau, Bentham, J.S. Mill, T.H.Green, Hegal Marx, Lenin
and Mao-se Tung.
2. Nature and scope of political Science; Growth of political Science as a discipline. Traditional Vs.
Contemporary approaches; Behaviourlism and Post-behavioural development; Systems theory and other recent
approaches to political analysis, Marxist approach to political analysis.
3. The emergence and nature of the modern State: Sovereignty; Monistic and Pluralistic analysis of
sovereignty; Power Authority and Legitimacy.
4. Political obligation: Resistance and Revolution; Rights, Liberty, Equality, Justice.
5. Theory of Democracy.
6. Liberalism, Evolutionary Socialism (Democratic and Febian); Marxian Socialism; Fascism .

Part- B
GOVERNMENT AND POLITICS WITH SPECIAL REFFRENCE TO INDIA.

1. Approaches to the study of Comparative Politics; Traditional, Structural Functional approach.

83
2. Political Institution; The Legislature, Executive and Judiciary; Parties and Pressure Groups; Theories of
party system. Lenin, Michels and Duverger; Electoral System; Bureaucracy- webers view and Modern critiques
of weber.
3. Political Process: Political Socialisation, Modernation and Communication; the nature of the non-western
Political Process; A general study of the Constitutional and Political Problems affecting Afro-Asian Societies.
4. Indian Political system: (a) The Roots; colonialism and nationalism in India; A general Study of modern
Indian Social and Political thought; Raja Ram Mohan Roy, Dadabhai Nauroji, Tilak, Sri Aurobindo, Iqbal,
jinnah, Gandhi, B.R.Ambedkar, M.N.Roy, Nehru and Jay Prakash Narain.
(b) The Structure: Indian Constitution, Fundamental Rights and Directive Principles; Union Government;
Parliament, Cabinet, Supreme Court and Judicial Review; Indian Federalism Centre-State relation, State
Government role of the Governor; Panchayati Raj, Panchayati Raj System in Bihar.
(c) The Functioning: Class and Caste in Indian Politics, Politics of regionalism, linguism and Communalism.
Problems of Secularation of the Policy and national intergration . Political elities; the changing Composition;
Political Parties and Political Participation; Planning and Developmental administration, Socio-economic
changes and its impact on Indian democracy, Regionalism with Special reference to Jharkhand Movement in
Bihar.
Section- II
PART-I
1. The nature and functioning of the Sovereignation State System.
2. Concepts of International Politics; Power; National Interest; Balance of Power, Power vaccum.
3. Theories of International Politics, The realist theory; System theory: Decision making.
4. Determinants of foreign Policy: National Interest; Ideology; Elements of National Power (including nature
of domestic socio-political institution).
5. Foreign Policy: Choices Imperialism; Balance of Power; Alleg hances; Isolationalism: Nationalistic
Universalism (pax Britiannica pax Amricana Pax-Sovietica); The Middle Kingdom Complex of China; Non
alignment.
6. The cold war: Origin, evolution and its impact on international relation: Defence and its impacts: a new
Cold War.
7. Non-alignment: HEANING Bases ( National and International) the non-aligned Movement and its role in
international relations
8. De-colonation and expansion of the international community; Neo-colomaism and racialism, their impact
on international relations; Asian-African resurgence.
9. The present International economic order; Aid trade and economic development, the struggle for the new
International Economic, Order; Sovereignty over natural resources; the crisis in energy resources.
10. The role of International Law in International relations; the international Court of Justice.
11. Origin and Development of International Organisations; The United Nations and specialed Agencies; their
role in international relations.
12. Regional Organation: OAS, OAU, the Arab League, the ASEAN, the EEC, their role in international
relations.
13. Arms race disarmament and arms control; Conventional and nuclear arms, the Arms trade, its impact on
Third World role in international relations.
14. Deplomatic theory and practice.
15. External intervention: Ideological, Political and Economic; Cultural imperialism, Covert intervention by the
major power.
PART-II
1. The uses and mis-uses of nuclear energy; the impact of nuclear weapons on internation relations; the partial
Test-ban, Treaty; the nuclear Neo-Proliferation. Treaty (NPT) peaceful nuclear explosions (PNE).
2. The problems and prospects of the Indian Ocean being made a peace zone.
3. The Conflict situation in West Asia.
4. Conflict and co-operation in South Asia.
5. The (Post-war) foreign policies of the major powers; United States, Soviet Union, China.

84
6. The third world in international relations; the North-South Dialogue in the United Nations and outside.
7. Indias foreign policy and relations; India and the Super powers; India and its neighbonr; India and South
east Asia; India and African Problems; Indias economic diplomacy; India and the question of nuclear weapons.

24. PSYCHOLOGY
Section-I
FOUNDATIONS OF PSYCHOLOGY

1. The Scope of Psychology- Place of Psychology in the family of social and behavioural sciences.
2. Methods of Psychology- Methodological problems of Psychology. General design of Psychological
research. Types of Psychological research. The characteristics of Psychological measurement.
3. The nature, Origin and development of human behaviour- Heredity and environment. Cultural factors and
behaviour. The process of socialation. Concept of National Character.
4. Cognitive Processes- Perception, Theories of perception, Perceptual organisation. Person perception,
Perceptual defence. Transactional approach to perception. Perception and personality. Figural after-effect.
Perceptual styles, perceptual abnormalities Vigilance.
5. Learning- Cognitive, Operant and Classical conditioning approaches, Learning phenomena, Extinction.
Discrimination and generalisation, Discrimination learning, Probability learning. Programmed learning.
6. Remembering- Theories of remembering. Short-term memory, Long-term memory, Measurement of
memory, Forgetting Reminiscence.
7. Thinking- Problem solving, concept formation, Strategies of concept formation, Information processing,
Creative thinking, Convergent and Divergent thinking, Development of thinking in children, theories.
8. Intelligence- Nature of intelligence Theories of intelligence, Measurement of intelligence, Measurement of
creativity. Aptitude, Measurement of aptitudes. The concept of social intelligence.
9. Motivation- Characteristics of motivated behaviour. Approaches to motivation: psycho-analytic theory;
Drive Theory; Need hierarchy theory, Vector valence approach, Concept of level of aspiration. Measurement of
motivation. The apathetic and the alienated individual, Incentives.
10. Personality-The concept of personality. Trait and type approaches, Factorial and dimensional approaches,
Theories of personality; Freud, Allport, Murray, Cattell; Social learning theories and Field Theory. The Indian
approach to personality- the concept of Gunas. Measurement of personality: Questionnaires; Rating Scales;
Psychometric Tests; Projective Tests; Observation method.
11. Language and Communication- Psychological basis of language. Theories of language development: skinner
and Chomsky, Nonverbal communication, Body Language, Effective communication: Source and receiver
characteristics. Perstasive communication.
12. Attitudes and values- Structure of attitudes, formation of attitudes. Theories of attitude, Attitude
measurement. Types of attitude scales, Theories of attitude change, Values. Types of values. Motivational
Properties of values. Measurement of values.
13. Recent trends.-Psychology and the Computer, Cybernetic model of behaviour. Simulation studies in
psychology, Study of consciousness. Altered states if consciousness. Sleep. Dream, meditation and hypnotic
trance. Drug induced changes. Sensory deprivation. Human problems in aviation and space flight.
14. Models of Man, The Mechanical Man, The Organic Man- The Organational man. The Humanistic Man.
Implications of the different models for behaviour changes. An integrated model.
Section- II
PSYCHOLOGY: ISSUES AND APPLICATIONS
1. Individual Differences.- Measurement of individual differences. Types of psychological tests. construction
of psychological tests. characterstics of good Psychological tests. Limitations of psychological tests.
2. Psychological Disorders- Classification of disorders and nosological systems. Neurotic, psychotic and
psychophysiologic disorders. Psychopathic personality. Theories of psychological disorder. The problems of
anxiety, depression and stress.

85
3. Therapeutic Approaches- Psychodynamic approach. Behaviour therapy, Client centered therapy. Cognitive
therapy. Group therapy.
4. Application of psychology to organational and Industrial problems- Personnel selection. Training. Work
motivation. Theories of work motivation Job designing. Leadership training. Participatory management.
5. Small Groups- The concept of small group. Properties of groups. Group at work. Theories of group
behaviour. Measurement of group behaviour. Interaction process analysis. Interpersonal relations.
6. Social Change-Characteristics of social change. Psychological basis of change. Steps in the change process
Resistance to change. Factors contributing to resistance. Planning for change. The concept of change -proneness.
7. Psychology and the Learning Process- The Learner. School as an agent of socialation Problems relating to
adolescents in learning situations. Gifted and retarded children and problems related to their training.
8. Disadvantaged Groups- Types: Social, cultural and economic. Psychological consequences of disadvantage.
Concept of Deprivation. Educating the disadvantaged groups. Problems of motivating the disadvantaged groups.
9. Psychology and the problem of social Integration. The problem of ethnic prejudice. Nature of prejudice.
Manifestations of prejudice Development of prejudice. Measurement of prejudice. Amelioration of prejudice.
Prejudice and personality Steps to achieve social integration.
10. Psychology and Economic Development- The nature of achievement motivation. Motivating people for
achievement. Promotion of entrepreneurship. The Entrepreneur Syndrome. Technological change and its impact
on human behavior.
11. Management of Information and Communication- Psychological factors in information management.
Information overload: Psychological basis of effective Communication. Mass media and their role in social
change. Impact of television. Psychological basis of effective advertising.
12. Problems of Contemporary Society- Stress. Management of stress. Alcohalism and Drug addiction. The
socially Deviant. Juveline Delinquency. Crime. Rehabilitation of the deviant. The problems of the Aged.

25. PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION

Section-I
ADMINISTRATIVE THEORY
I. Basic Prenises- Meaning scope and significance of Public Administration; Private and Public
Administration; Role of Public Administrator in developed and developing societies: Econlogy of
Administration- Social. Economic. Cultural, Political and legal; Evolution of public administration as a
discipline; Public Administration as an art and a science; New Public Administration.
II. Theories of Organisation Scientific Management (Taylor and his associates); Bureaucratic theory of
organisation (Weber), Classical theory of organisations (Henri Fayol , Luther Gulick and Other); Human
Relations Theory of Organisations (Elton Mayo and his Colleagues); Behavioural approach, Systems Approach;
Organational Effectiveness.
III. Principles of Organation- Hierarchy, Unity of Command, Authority and Responsibility, Co- ordination
Span of Control, Supervision, Centralation and Decentralation, Delegation.
IV. Administrative Behaviour- Decision making with Special Reference to the Contribution of Herbert Simon;
Theories of Leadership; Communication morale; Motivation (Maslow and Herzberg).
V. Structure of Organations- Chief Executive; Types of chief Executives and their functions; Line Staff and
Auxiliary agencies; Departments; Corporation Companies. Boards and Commissions. Headquarters and field
relationship.
VI. Personal Administration- Bureaucracy and Civil Services, position Classification; Recruitment: Training:
Career Development; Performance Appraisal; Promotion; Pay and Service Conditions; Retirement Benefits;
Discipline; Employer-Employee Relations. Integrity in Administration; Generalists versus specialists; Neutrality
and Anonymity.
VII. Financial Administration- Concept of Budget; Preparation and Execution of the Budget; Performance
Budgeting; Legislative Control; Accounts and Audit.
VIII. Accountability and Control- The Concepts of Accountability and Control; Legislative, Executive
and Judicial Control over Administration; Citen and Administration.

86
IX. Administrative Reforms- O & M; Work Study; Work Measurement Administrative Reforms; Processes and
obstacles.
X. Administrative Law-Importance of Administrative Law; Delegated Legislation; Meaning. Types.
Advantages, Limitations, Safeguards; Administrative Tribunals.
XI. Comparative and Development Administration- Meaning, Nature and Scope of Comparative Public
Administration. Contribution of Freud. Riggs with particular reference to the prismatic sala Model. The
Concept. Scope and Significance of Development Administration. Political Economic and socio-Cultural
Context of Development Administration. The Concept of Administrative Development.
XII. Public Policy- Relevance of policy Making in Public Administration. The Processes of policy Formulation
and Implementation.
Section-1I
INDIAN ADMINISTRATION
I. Evolution of Indian Administration- Kautilya; Mughal Period; British Period.
II. Environmental Setting- Constitution, Parliamentary Democracy, Federalism, Planning, Socialism.
III. Political Executive at the Union Level- President, Prime Minister, Council of Ministers, Cabinet
Committees.
IV. Structure of Central Administration- Secretariat, Cabinet Secretariat, Ministries and Departments. Boards
and Commissions, Field Organation.
V. Centre State Relation- Legislative, Administrative, Planning and Financial.
VI. Public Services- All India Services, Central Services, State Services, Local Civil Services, Union and State
Public Service Commissions. Training of Civil Services.
VII. Machinery for Planning Plan Formulation at the National Level; National Development Council, Planning
Commission; Planning Machinery at the State and District Levels.
VIII. Public Undertaking Forms management, Control and problems.
IX. Control of Public Expenditure- Parliamentary Control; Role of the Finance Ministry; Comptroller and
Auditor General.
X. Administration of Law and Order in Bihar- Role of Central and State Agencies in Maintenance of Law and
Order.
XI. State Administration with special reference to Bihar- Governor, Chief Minister; Council of Ministers;
Secretariat, Chief Secretary, Directorates.
XII. District Administration with special reference to Bihar Role and Importance; District Collector; Land
Revenue, Law and order and developmental functions. District Rural Development Agency; Special
Development Programmes.
XIII. Local Administration with special reference to Bihar- Panchayati Raj and Urban Local
Government Features, Forms, Problems, Autonomy of Local Bodies.
XIV. Welfare Administration in Bihar- Administration for the Welfare of Weaker Sections With
particular Reference to Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes; Programmes for the Welfare of Women and
Children.
XV. Issue Areas in Indian Administration- Relationship between Political and permanent Executives. Generalists
and specialists in Administration. Integrity in Administration. Peoples Participation in Administration. Redressal
of Citens Grievances. Lok Pal and Lok Ayukta, Administrative Reforms in India.

26. SOCIOLOGY
Section-I
GENERAL SOCIOLOGY
1. Scientific Study of Social phenomena- Emergence of Sociology and its relationship with other disciplines,
their scope and approaches. Science and Study of social behavior, the problems of objectivity, reliability and
validity. Scientific methods and scientific language; their meaning, goals, types; elements and features. Research
Design Techniques of data collection and analysis, Attitude measurements; problems and scales. Concept of
social causation with special reference to R.M.Macver.
2. Pioneering Contributions to Sociology- Theoretical beginnings- Positivism and evolutionism with reference
to Comte, Spencer and Morgan; Historical Sociology contributions of Karl Mark, Maxweber and P.A. Sorokin;
Functionalism; E. Durkheim, P.areto. Parsons and Merton, Conflict School; Gumplowicz Dahrenderf and Coser;

87
Recent approaches in Sociology, Micro Sociology, Macro Sociology, Middle Range theories, Neopostitvism,
Exchange theories and Interactions Sociology.
3. Social Structure and Social Organation; Concept and types approaches to Social Structure; Structural
functionalist school, Structuralist school and Marxist School: Elements of Social Structure-Individual and
society; social interaction; social groups, concept and types; concept of status and role, their determinants and
types, dimensions of roles in simple and complex societies, role conflict; Social Network; Basic concepts and
types, culture and personality, concepts of conformity and social control, agencies of social control; concept of
Minority Groups, their relationship with majority; Secularism versus Integration.
4. Social Stratification and Mobility-Concept, consequences and types of stratification; inequality and
stratification, Dimensions and bases of stratification; Theoretical approaches to the study of stratification,
functionalist approach and conflict approach; Social Stratification and Social Mobility; Concept of
Sankskritation and Westernation. Types of Mobility: intergenerational mobility, vertical versus horontal
mobility, open and closed models of mobility.
5. Family marriage and Kinship-Structure, functions and types of family marriage and kinship; social change
and change in age and sex roles; change in marriage, family and kinship; significance of family in industrial
society.
6. Formal organation-Elements of formal and informal structures and organations, bureaucracy functions,
dysfunctions and characteristics, bureaucracy and political development, political socialisation and political
participation, modes of participation, democratic and authoritarian forms, voluntary organations.
7. Economic System-Property concepts, social dimensions of division of labour; type of exchange, social
aspects of pre- industrial and industrial economic systems; industrialation and changes in the political,
educational religious, familiar and stratificational spheres; social determinants and consequences of economic
development.
8. Political Systems-Concepts, elements and types of political systems: functions of a political system,
institutions under the political system; political processes with reference to individuals, groups, political
organations, parties and other agencies. Concepts, bases and types of power, authority and legitimacy; Concept
of Stateless societies; political socialation versus political participation; properties of State. Power of elites, and
masses in democracy and in totalitarian societies; political parties and voting, Leadership democratic order and
democratic stability.
9. Educational Systems- Concepts and goals of education; Schools of philosophy;- Naturalism, Idealism and
pragmatism, their bearing on education; importance of education in society, democracy, international
understanding and nationalism. New trends in education; Role of various agencies-school home society state and
religion in education and socialation. Population Education- its concepts and components, Education as a
medium of cultural reproduction, indoctrination, social stratification, mobility and modernisation.
10. Religion- The religious phenomenon; the concepts of sacred and protan, social functions and dysfunctions of
religion, magic religion and science, social change and religious secularisation.
11. Social change and development- Factors of social change, economic, biological and technological; Theories
of social change- evolutionary, functional and conflict; social change, modernisation and development;
Democratisation equality and social justice; social reconstruction.
Section- 1I
SOCIETY OF INDIA
1. Indian Society- Features of traditional Hindu Social Organisation, Socio-cultural dynamics through the ages,
impact of Buddhism, Islam and West on Indian Society, factors in continuity and change.
2. Social Stratification- Caste system and its transformation, Economic Structural and Cultural view about
Caste, origin of the Caste system, issues of inequality and social justice among Hindu and Non-Hindu castes,
Caste mobility, Casteism, Backward caste versus Backward Classes, Scheduled Caste and untouchability,
changes among Scheduled Castes, eradication of untouchability, industrial and agrarian class structures, rising
trends in inter caste relations in Bihar under the impact of Mandal Commission and its reservation policy.
3. Family, Marriage and Kinship: Regional variation in Kinship system and its socio-cultural correlates,
changing aspects of Kinship, The joint family system its structural and functional aspects, its changing form and
disorganation, Marriage among various ethnic groups, economic and Caste categories, its changing trend in
future, impact of legislation and socioeconomic changes upon family and marriage, inter caste marriages-causes
and consequences in Bihar intergeneration gap and youth unrest, changing status of women, women and social
development.

88
4. Economic System: Jajmani System and its bearing on the traditional society, Market economy and its social
consequences, occupational diversification and social structure, professional Trade Unions, Social determinants
and consequences of economic development, Economic inequalities, exploitation and corruption; causes of
economic backwardness in Bihar, potentialities of economic growth in Bihar, Relationship between economic
growth and social development with specific reference to Bihar.
5. Political System: Functioning of a democratic political system in a traditional society, political parties and
their social composition, origin of political elites and their social orientation, decentralation of power, political
participation, voting pattern in Bihar, relevance of Caste, community and economic factor in voting behaviour in
Bihar, its changing trends, Functions dysfunctions and characteristics of India Bureaucracy, Bureaucracy and
political development in India, concept of mass society, Socio-political sources of mass movement in India.
6. Educational System: Education and society in the traditional and modern contexts, educational inequality
and change, education and social mobility, educational problems of women, Backward Classes and the
Scheduled Castes, causes of educational backwardness in Bihar, Functional and dysfunctional aspects of
Mushroom growth of institutions in Bihar; Prospects and problems of higher education in Bihar, New
educational Policies, Mass.
7. Religion: Demographic dimensions, geographical distribution and neighbourhood, living patterns of major
religious categories; Interreligiousinter-actions and its manifestations in the problems of conversion Minority
status, communications and secularism; impact of various religious Movernment in India. (Buddhism, Islam,
Christianity, Brahmoism and Arya Samaj movement on caste system in India; westernation and modernation in
Bihar; the cohesive and decisive factors, impact of growing religious and politics interrelationship of Indias
social organisation.
8. Tribal societies: Major tribal communities in India, their distinctive features; tribe and case their
acculturation and integration; problem of Bihar tribes (social, economic and Political), different approaches to
tribal welfare, constitutional and governmental safeguards; tribal movements in India. The Tanabhagat
movement, the Birsa movement and the Jharkhand movement, their significance in tribal development.
9. Rural social system and community development: Sociocultural dimensions of the village community,
traditional power structure, democratation and leadership, poverty, indebtedness and bonded labour, social
consequences of land reforms, community Development Programme and other planned development projects of
Green Revolution, New strategies of rural development.
10. Urban Social Organation: Continuity and change in the traditional causes of social organation, namely
Kinship, Caste and religion in the urban context, stratification and mobility in urban communities, ethnic
diversity and community integration, urban neighbourhoods; rural urban differences in demographic and socio-
cultural characteristics and their social consequemces.
11. Population dynamics: Theories of population growth Malthusian, biological, demographic transition,
optimum population socio-cultural aspects of population composition (sex, age, martial status), determinants of
fertility, mortality and migration. Need of population policy in India; population explosion and other
determinants factors; social psychological cultural and ecomic determinants behind population acceptance of
family planning practices in India. Family Planning Programmer through first to eighth five year plans;
population education; concept, goals, aspects, agencies and techniques of population education.
12. Social Change and modernation: Problems of role conflict youth unrest- intergenerational gap, changing
status of women. Major sources of social change and of resistance to change, impact of west reform movements,
social movements, industrialation and urbanation pressure groups, factors of planned change, five year plans
legislative of executive measures; process of change sanskritation, westernation and modernation means of
modernation man media and education, problems of change and modernation, structural contradictions and
break-downs. Current social evils-corruption and Nepotism Smugglling, Black Money.

89
 27. STATISTICS
Section-I
There are two sections. Candidates shall answer not more than three questions from each section.

I. Probability :
Sample space and events, probability measures and probability space, Statistical
independence, Random variable as a measurable function, Discrete and continuous random variables,
probability density and distribution functions, marginal and conditional distributions functions of random
variables and their distributions, expectation and movements, conditional expectation, correlation co-efficient,
convergence in probability in LP almost everywhere; Markov Chebyehve and Kolomogrov inequalities, Borel-
Cantellilemma, weak and strong law of large numbers probability generating and characteristic functions
Uniqueness and continuity theorems. Determination of distribution by moments Lindeberg. Levy central limit
theorem. Standard discrete and continuous probability distributions, their interrelations including limiting cases.
II. Statistical Inference:
Properties of estimates, consistency, unbiasedness, efficiency, sufficiency and completeness Cramer Rao bond,
Minimum variance unbiased estimation, Rao Block well and Lehman Sheffes theorem methods of estimation by
moment maximum likelihood, minimum Chi-square. Properties of maximum likelihood estimators confidence
intervals for parameters of standards distributions.
Simple and composite hypotheses, statistical tests and critical region, two kinds of error power function
unbiased tests, most powerful and uniformly most powerful tests Nyman
Person Lemma, Optimal tests for simple hypotheses concerning one Parameter monotone likelihood ratio
property and its use in constructing U.M.P. test, likelihood ratio criterion and its asymptotic distributing sign test
for Location. Wilcoxon- Mann- Whitney test and Kolmogor Simirnov test for the two sample problem.
Distribution free confidence intervals for quantitietion, Chi-square and Kolmogor tests for goodness of fit. Run
test for randomness and confidence bands for distribution functions.
Notions of a sequential test, Walds, SPRT, its CC and ASN function,
III. Linear Interence and Multivariate Analysis:
Theory of least squares and Analysis of variance. Gaussa, Markoff theory, normal equations least square
estimates and their precision. Tests of signification and intervals estimates based on least square theory in one
way, two way and three way classified data. Regression Analysis, linear regression, estimates and tests about
correlation of regression coefficient curve linear regression and orthogonal polynomials, test for linearity and
regression Multivariate normal distribution, multiple regression, multiple and partial correlation. Mahalanobis
D2 and Hotelling T2- Statistics and their applications (derivations of distribution of D2 and T2 excluded)
Fishers discriminant analysis.

Section- II
I. Sampling Theory and Design of Experiments
Nature and scope of sampling, simple random sampling, sampling from finite populations with and without
replacement, estimation of the standard errors sampling with equal probabilities and PPS sampling. Stratified
random and systematic sampling, Two stage and multi-stage sampling, multiphase and cluster sampling schemes.
Estimation of population total and mean, use of biased and unbiased estimates auxiliary variables, double sapling
standard errors of estimates cost and variance function ratio and regression estimates and their relative efficiency
planning and organation of sample surveys with special referene to recent large scale surveys conducted in
India.
Principles of experimental designs, CRD, RBD, LSD, missing plot technique factorial experiemtns 2n and 3n
design general theory of total and partial confounding and fractional replication. Analysis of split plot, BIB and
simple lattice designs.
II. Engineering Statistics.
Concepts of quality and meaning of control, Different types of control charts like X-R charts, P charts np Charts
and cumulative sum control charts.
Sampling inspection Vs. 100 per cent inspection, single, double, multiple and sequential sampling plans for
attributes inspection, OC, ASN and ATI curves. Concept of producer's risk and consumer's risk AQL, AGQL,
LTPD etc. Variable sampling plans.
Definition of Reliability, maintainability and availability. Life distribution failure rate and bath-tub, failure
curve exponential and Weibull models, Reliabilty of series and parallel systems and other simple configurations.

90
Different types of redundancy like hot and cold and use of redundancy in reliability improvement problems in
life testing, conscred and turncated experiments for exponential model.
III. Operational Rescrach
Scope and definition of OR difierent types of models, their construction and obtaining solution.
Homogenous discrete time Markov chains, transition probability matrix, classification of states and ergodic
theorems. Homogenous continuous time Markov chains. Eleements of queuing theory, M/M/I and M/M/K
queues, the problem of machine interference and GI/M/I and B/GI queues.
Concept of scientific inventory management and analytical structure of inventory problems simple models with
deterministic and stochastic demand with and without leadtime. Storage models with particular reference to dam
type.
The Sturcute and formation of a linear programming problem. The Simplex procedure two phase mehods and
charnes- M Method with artificial variables. The quality theory of linear programming and its economic
interpretation. Sensitivity analysis.
Transportation and Assignment Problems.

Replacement of items that fail and those that deteriorate, group and individual replacement policies.
Introduction to computer and elements of Fortran IV Programming Formats for input and output statements
specification and logical statements and subroutines. Application to some simple statistical problems.
IV. Quantitative Economics
Concept of time-series, additive and multiplicative models, resolution into four components, determination of
trend by free-hand drawing, moving averages and fitting of mathematical curves, seasonal indices and estimate
of the variance of the random components.
Definition, Construcion, interpretation and limitation of index numbers, lespevre Parsche Edgewoth- Marshall
and Fisher index number their comparitions tests for index numbers and construction of cost of living index.
Theory and analysis of cosumer demand Specification and estimation of demand functions. Demand
elasticities. Theory of production, Supply functions and elasticities, input demand functions. Estimation of
parameters in single equation modelclassical least squares, generaled least squares heteroscedasticiyt, serial
correlation, Multicollieneraity, errors in variables model, simultaneous equation models indentification, rank
and order conditions. Indirect least squares and two stage least squares, short- term economic forecasting.
V. Demogrpahy and pshychometry.
Sources of demographic data: Census registration: NSS and other demographic surveys. Limitation and uses of
demographic data.
Vital rates and ratios: Definition construction and uses.
Life tables complete and absidged: Construction of life tables from vital statistics and census returns uses of
life tables.
Logistic and other population growth curves.
Measures of fertility. Gross and net reproduction rates.
Stables population theory. Uses of stable and quasi-stable population techniques in estimation of demographic
parameters.
Morbidity and its measurement Standard classification by cause of death. Health surveys and use of hospital
statistics.
Educational and psychological statistics methods of Standardisation of scales and tests. IQ tests. reliability of
tests and T and Z scores.

91
 28. ZOOLOGY
Section- I
Non Chordata and Chordata, Ecology, Ethology, Biostatistics and Economic Zoology.
Part- 'A'
1. A general survey, classification and relationship of the various phyla.
2. Protozoa: Study of the structure, bionomica and life history of Paramaecium, Monocyotis, Malarial Parasite,
Trypanosoma and Leishmania. Locomotion, Nutrition and reproduction in Proctozoa.
3. Porifera: Canal system sheleton and reproduction.
4. Coelenterata: Structure and life history of Obelia Aurelia, Polymorphism in Hydrozoa, Coral formation,
Metagenesis, Phylogenetic relationship of Cinideria and Acnidaria.
5. Helminths: Structure and life history of Planaria, Fasciola, Taenia and Ascaris. Parastic Adaptation,
Helminths in relation to man.
6. Annelida: Nereis, Earthworm and Leech, Coelom and Metamerism, Modes of life in Polychaectes.
7. Arthropoda: Paleomon, Scropion, Cockroach. Larval forms and Parasitism in Crustacea, Mouth part vision
and respiration in arthropods, Social life and Metamorphosis in insects. Importance of Paripatus.
8. Mollusca: Unio Pila, Oyster Culture and Pearl formation, Cephalopods.
9. Echinodermata: General organation, Larval, forms and affinities of Echinodermata.
10. General organation and characters, Outline classification and interrelationship of Protochordata, Pisces,
Amphibia, Reptilia, Aves and Mammalia.
11. Neoteny and retrogressive Metamorphosis.
12. A general Study of comparative account of the various systems of Verterbrates.
13. Locomotion, Migration and respiration in fishes, Structure and affinities of Dipnoi.
14. Origin of Amphibia, distribution, Anatomical Peculiarities and affinities of Urodela and Apoda.
15. Origin of Reptiles, Adaptive Radiation in Reptiles, fossil Reptiles, Poisonous and non-Poisonous Snakes of
India, Poison Apparatus of Snake.
16. Origin of Birds, Flightless Birds, Aerial adaptation and migration of Birds.
17. Origin of Mammals, Nomologies of ear ossicles in Mammals, Dentition and Skin derivatives and
Manmmals, Distribution, Structural Peculiarities and Phylogenetic relation of Prototheria and Methatheria.

Part- 'B'
Ecology, Ethology, Biostatics and economic Zoology:-
Ecology:-
1. Environment: Abiotic factors and their role, Biotic factors and Inter specific relations.
2. Animal: Organisation at population and community levels, ecological successions.
3. Ecosystem: Concept, Components, Fundamental operation, Energy flow, Biogeo-chemical cycle, food chain
and Trophic levels.
4. Adaptation in fresh water, Marine and Terrestial habitats.
5. Pollution in air, Water and Land.
6. Wild life in India and its conservation.
Ethology
7. General survey of various types of animal behaviour.
8. Role of hormones and pheromones in behavioures
9. Chronobiology: Biological check, Seasonal Rhythms, Tidal Rhythms.
10. Neuro-endocrine control of behaviour.
11. Methods of studying animals behaviour.
Biostatistics-
12. Methods of sampling, Frequency distribution and measures of central tendency, Standard deviation,
Standard error and Standard deviance, Correlation and Repression and Chi-square and f-test.
Economic Zoology
13. Parasitism, Commensalism and host Parasite relationship.
14. Parasitic Protozoans, Helminthes and insects of man and domestic animals.
15. Insect pests of crops and stored products.
16. Beneficial insects.

92
17. Pisciculture and induced breeding.
Section- II
Cell Biology, Genetics, Evolution and Systematics, Bio-chemistry, Physiology and Embryology.
Part- I
Cell Biology, Genetics, Evolution and Systematics.
1. Cell Biology- Structure and function of Cell and Cytoplasmic Constituents, Strtucture of Nucleus, Plasma
Membrane Mitochondira, Golgibodies, Endo, plasmic Reticulum and Ribosomes, Cell Division, Mitosis Spindle
and Chromosome movements and Meiosis.
Gene structure and function, Watson-Crick model of DNA, replication of DNA Genetic code, Protein
Synthesis, Cell differentiation, Sex-chromosomes and Sex determination.
2. Genetics Mendelian laws of inheritance, recombinations, Linkage and Linkage Maps, Multiple, Allels,
Mutation (Natural and Induced), Mutation and Evolution Meiosis, Chromosome number and form, Structural
rearrangements, Polyploidy, Cytoplasmic inheritance, Regulation of Gene expression in Prokaryotes and
Eukaryotes. Bio-chemical Genetics, Elements of human Genetics, Normal and Abnormal Karyotypes, Genes and
Diseases. Eugenics.
3. Evolution and Systematics, Origin of life, history of evolutionary thought, Lamarck and his works. Darwin
and his works, sources and nature of organic variation, Natural selection, Hardy-weinberg law, Cryptic and
warning colouration mimicry, Isolating mechanisms and their role. Insular faunaconcept of species and sup-
species, Principles of classification, Zoological nomenclature and International Code. fossils, outline of
geological cras phylogeny of Horse, Elephant, Camel, Origin and evolution of man, Principles and theories of
continental distribution of animals, Zoogeographical realms of the world.
Part- II
Bio-chemistry, Physiology and Embryology.
Bio-chemistry: Structure of Carbohydrates, Lipids, Amino-acids, Proteins, and Nucleic Acid, Glycolysis
and Krebs Cycle, Oxidation and reduction, Oxidative Phosphorylation, Energy conservation and release ATP,
Cyclic AMP, Saturated and unsaturated fatty acids, Cholesterol, Steroid hormones, Type of eymes, Mechanism
of eyme action, Immunogolobulins and Immunity, Vitamins and coeymes, Hormones their classification,
Biosynthesis and functions.
2. Physiology with special reference to Mammals, Composition of blood, Blood groups in man, coagulation,
Oxygen and carbondioxide Transport, Haemoglobin. Breathing and its regulation, Nephron and Urine formation,
Acid-Base balance and homeostasis, temperature regulation in man, mechanism of conduction along axon across
Synapes, Neurotransmitters, Vision, Hearing and other receptors, Types of Muscles, Ultrastructure, and
mechanism of contraction of Skelteal Muscle, Role of Salivary Gland, Liver Pancreas and intestinal glands in
digestion Absorption of digested food, Nutrition and balanced diet of man, Mechanism of action of Steriod and
Peptide Hormones, Role of hypo-thalamus, Pituitary Thyroid, Parathyroid, Pancreas, Adrenal, Testis, Ovary and
Pineal organs and their inter-relationships, Physiology of reproduction in humans, Hormonal control of
development in man and insects, Pheromones in insects and Mammals.
3. Embryology: - Gametogenesis, Fertilation, Types of Eggs, Cleavage, development upto gastrulation in
Branchiostoma, Frog and Chick, Fate maps of Frog and Chick. Metamorphosis in Frog, Formation and Fate of
Extra Embryonic menbranes in Chick Formation of Amnion. Allantois and types of placenta in Mammals,
Function of Placenta in Mammals, Organisers, Regeneration, Genetic control of development. Organogenesis of
central nervous system, sense organs heart and Kidney of vertebrate embryos. Aging and its implication in
relation to man.

93
 29. HINDI LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE
Section-I
1. History of Hindi Language.
(i) Grametical and Lexical features of Apabhransa, Avahatta and early Hindi.
(ii) Evolution of Avadhi and Braj Bhasa as literary Language during the Medieval period.
(iii) Evolution of Khari Boli-Hindi as literary Language during the 19th Century.
(iv) Standardation of Hindi Language with Devanagri Script.
(v) Development of Hindi as Rashtra Bhasa during the Freedom Struggle.
(vi) Development of Hindi as official language of Indian Union Since Independence.
(vii) Major Dialects of Hindi and their inter-relationship.
(viii) Significant grammetical features of standard Hindi.
2. History of Hindi Literature.
(i) Chief characteristics of the major periods of Hindi Literature: v., Adi Kal, Bhakti Kal, Riti Kal, Bhartendu
Kal and Dwivedi Kal, etc.
(ii) Significant features of the main literary trends and tendencies in Modern Hindi: v, Chhayavad Rahasyavad,
Pragativad, Proyogvad, NayiKavita, Nayi Kahani, Akavita, etc.
(iii) Rise of Novel and Realism in Modern Hindi.
(iv) A brief history of theatre and drama in Hindi.
(v) Theories of literary criticism in Hindi and Major Hindi Literary critics.
(vi) Origin and development of literary genres in Hindi.
Section- II
This paper will require first hand reading of the text prescribed and will be designed to test the candidate's
critical ability.
KABIR- KABIR GRANTHAVALI by Shyam Sunder Das (700 Staas from the beginning).
SURDAS BHRAMARA GEET SAAR 200 Staas from the beginning.
TULSIDAS RAMCHARITMANAS (Ayodhyokand only): KAVITAVALI (Uttarakand only)
BHARATENDU HARISHCHANDRA ANDHER NAGARI.
PREMCHAND GODAN . MANSAROVAR (BHAG EK)
JAYASHANKAR "PRASAD"- CHANDRAGUPTA, KAMAYANI (Chinta, Shradha, Lajja, Ida only).
RAMA CHANDRA SHUKLA CHINTAMANI (PAHILA BHAG) (10 Essay from the beginning).
SURYA KANT TRIPATHI NIRALA ANAMIKAHAI (Saroj Smriti). (Ramki Shakti Pooja only).
S.H. VATSYAYAN ACUEYA SHEKHAR EK JEEVANI (TWO PARTS).
GAJANAN MADHAV MUKTIBODH CHAND KA MUKHTEDHA HAI (Andhere mein only).
30. ENGLISH LANGUAGE & LITERATURE
Section- I
Detailed study of a literary age (19 th century).
The paper will cover the study of English literature from 1798 to 1900 with special reference to the works of
Wordsworth. Coleridge, Shelley, Keats, Lamb, Hazlitr. Thackeray, Dickens, Tennyson, Robert Browning
Arnold, George Eliot, Caryle Ruskin, Peter.
Evidence of first hand reading will be required. The paper will be designed to test not only the candidate's
knowledge of the authors prescribed but also their understanding of the main literary trends during the period.
Questions having a bearing on the social and cultural background of the period may be included.
Section- II
This Paper will require first- hand reading of the texts prescribed and will be designed to test candidate's
critical ability.
1. Shakespeare As you like it; Henry IV Part I. II- The Hamlet, The Tempest.
2. Milton Paradise Lost.
3. Jane Austen Emma
4. Wordsworth The Prelude.
5. Dickens David Copperfield.
6. George Eliot Midddlemarch.
7. Hardy Jude the Obscure
8. Yeats Easter 1916.
The Second Coming Byzantium.
A Prayer for My Daughter Leada and the Swan.

94
Sailing to Byzantium Meru.
The Tower: Among School Children Lapois Lazudili.
9. Eliot- The Waste Land.
10. D.H. Lawrence The Rainbow.

31. URDU LANGUAGE & LITERATURE

Section- I
(a) The coming of the Aryans in India The development of the Indo Aryan through three stages. Old Indo-
Aryan (OIA). Middle Indo Aryan (MIA) and New Indo-Aryan (NIA) Grouping of the new Indo Aryan
Languages western Hindi and its dialects Khari Boli, Braj Bhasha and Haryanwi Relationship of Urdu to
Khadi- Perso-Arbic elements in Urdu Development of Urdu from 1200 to 1800 in the North and 1400 to 1700 in
the Deccan. With special reference to the Development of Urdu in Bihar from 1200 to 1800.
(b) Significant features of Urdu Phonology- Morphology Syntax Perso-Arabic elements in its Phonology,
Morphology and Syntax its vocabulary.
(c) Dakhani Urdu- Its origin and developments, its significant linguistic features.
(d) The significant features of the Dakhani Urdu literature (1450-1700)- The two classical backgrounds of Urdu
Literature Perso-Arabic and Indian Mysnavi, Indian Tales the influence of the the west on Urdu
literaclassical genres Ghazal, Masticism Qasida, Rubai-Qita, Prose, Fiction, Modern Genres Blank Verse,
Free Verse, Novel. Short Stories, Drama-Literary criticism and Essay.
Section- II
The paper will require first-hand reading of the texts prescribed and will be designed to test the candidate's
critical ability.
PROSE
1. Mir Amman Bagh-O Bahar.
2. Ghalib- Khatu-e-Ghalib (Anjuman Tarraque-e-Urdu).
3. Kalimuddin Ahmad Urdu Tanqueed Per Aik Nazar.
4. Ruswa Uma O Jan Ada.
5. Prem Chand Wardat.
6. Abdual Kalam Azad Ghubar-e-Khatir.
7. Imtiaz Ali Taj Anar Kali
POETRY
8. Mir Intikhab-e-Kalam-G-Mir,Ed. Abdul Haq
9. Sauda- Qasaid (including Hajwiyat)
10. Ghalib Diwan-e-Ghalib.
11. Iqbal Bal-a-Gibrail
12. Josh Malihabadi Saif Subu
13. Shad Azimabadi Kulliyat e- Shad.
14. Faiz Kalam-e-Faiz (Complete)

32. BENGALI LANGUAGE & LITERATURE

Section- I
1. History of the Bengali Language.
(i) Origin and development of the language.
(ii) Major dialects of Bengali.
(iii) Sadhu Bhasa and Chalita Bhasa.
(iv) Problems of Standardation and reform with special reference to spelling system alphabet and transliteration
(Romanation).
2. History of Bengali Literature.
Students are expected to be acquainted with :
(i) The history of the Bengali Literature from the earliest period to the modern times.
(ii) Social and cultural background of Bengali Literature.

95
(iii) Sanskritic background of Bengali Literature.
(iv) Western influence on Bengali Literature.
(v) Modern trends.
Section- II
This paper will require first hand reading of the text prescribed and will be designed to test the candidate's
critical ability.
1. Vaisnava Padavali.
2. Mukundaram Chandimangal.
3. Michael Madhusudan Datta Meghanadvadh Kavya.
4. Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay Krishna Kanter Vill, Kamala Kanter Deptar.
5. Rabindranath Tagore Galpagucha (1) Chitra, Punscha Rakta Karabi
6. Sarat Chandra Chattopadhyay Srikanta (1)
7. Pramatha Chaudhuri Prabandha Sangraha (1)
8. Bibhuti Bhushan Bandhopadhyay Pather Panchali.
9. Tarashankar Bandhopadhyay Ganadevata.
10. Jibananada Das Banalata Sen.

33. SANSKRIT LANGUAGE & LITERATURE

Section- I
There will be four parts.
Part- 1. (a) Origin and development of language (from Indo-European to middle Indo-Aryan languages) (General
outline only).
(b) Significant features of the grammar with particular stress on Sandhi Karaka, Samasa and Vachya (Voice).
Part- 2. General Knowledge of literary history and Principal trends of literary criticism. Origin and development
of literary, genres, including epic, drama, prose, kavaya, Lyric and Anthology.
Part- 3. Essentials of Ancient Indian Culture and Phiosophy with special stress on
Varnashrama Vyavastha, Sanskaras and Principal Phiolosophical trends.
Part- 4. Short essay in Sanskrit.
NOTE Questions of parts (3) and (4) are to be answered in Sanskrit.
Section- II
There will be two parts.
Part- 1. General study of the following works:-
(a) Kathopanisad.
(b) Bhagavadgita.
(c) Buddhachar gita (Asvaghosha)
(d) Swapnavasavadatta (Bhasa)
(e) Abhigyansakuntala (Kalidasa)
(f) Meghaduta (Kalidasa)
(g) Raghuvansa (Kalidasa)
(h) Kumarashambhava (Kalidasa)
(i) Mricchakatika (Sudraka)
(j) Kiratarjuniyam (Bharavi)
(k) Sisupalavadha (Magha)
(l) Uttararamacharita (Bhavabhuti)
(m) Mudraraksasa (Visakhadatta)
(n) Naisadhacharitra (Sriharsa)
(o) Rajatarangini (Kalhana)
(p) Nitaisataka (Bharatihari)
(q) Kadambari (Banabhatta)
(r) Harsacharita (Banabhatta)
(s) Dasakumaracharit-(Dandi)
(t) Probadhachandrodaya-(Krishna Mishra)
Part- 2. Evidence of first hand reading of the following selected texts: -

96
Texts for reading (textual questions will be asked from these portions only)
1. Kathopanishad I Chapter III Valli Verses 10 to 15
2. Bhagwatgita II Chapter (13 to 25 verses)
3. Budhacharita Canto III (1 to 10 verses)
4. Svapna Vasavadatta (6th Act.)
5. Abhijnaha Shakuntalam (4th Act)
6. Meghaduta (1 to 10 opening verses)
7. Kiratarjuniyam (1st canto)
8. Uttara Ramacharitam (3rd Act)
9. Nitishataka (1 to 10 verses)
10. Kadambari (Shukanasopadesha)
11. Kautilya Arthasastra-I Adhikarana I Prakarana 2nd Adhyaya entitled; Vidyasamuddesah. tatra
anviksikishthapana. and VII Prakarans 11th Adhayaya entiteled: Gudhapurusotpottih. Prescribed editions R.P.
Kangle, The Kautilya Arthasastra, Part I. A critical edition, Motilal Banarasi dass, Delhi 1986.
Note- To Part No. 2- Questions carrying minimum of 25% marks should be answered in Sanskrit.

34. PERSIAN LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE

Section- I
1. (a) Origin and development of the language (in outline)
(b) Significant features of the grammer of the language Rhetories Prosody.
2. Literary History and Literary criticism-Literary movements, classical background, Socio-Culture
influences and Modern trends Origin and development of Modern Literary genres including Drama, Novel, Short
Story, Essay.
3. Short Essay in Persian.
Section- II
This paper will require first hand reading of the texts prescribed and will be designed to test the candidates
critical ability.
1. Firdausi.
Shah Nama:
(i) Dastan Rustam Wa Suhrab.
(ii) Dastan Vizanba Mana.
2. Nizaemi Aruzi Samarquadi
Chahar Magalas.
3. Khayyam, Rubaiyat, (Radif Alif, Be, Dal)
4. Minucheheri-Qasaid (Radif Lam and Mim)
5. Maulana Rum Masunawi (1st Vol. 1st Half)
6. Sadi Shirazi
Gulistan.
7. Amir Khusrau.
Majmua-i-Dawawin Khusrau (Radif Alif and Te)
8. Hafiz
Diwan i Hafiz (1st half)
9. Abul Fazi
Ain-i- Akbari.
10. Bahar Mashhadi. Diwan-i-Bahar (1st Vol., 1st half)
11. Jawal Zadesh. Yake Bud Yake Na Bud.
Note Candidates will be required to answer in Persian questions carrying not less than 25 per cent marks.

97
 35. ARABIC LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE
Section- I
1. (a) Origin and development of the language in outline.
(b) Significant features of the grammer of the Language, Rhetories, Prosody.
2. Literary History and Literary criticism Literary movements, classical background, Socio-Cultural influences,
and modern trends, Origin and development of modern Literary generes including Drama, Novel, Short Story,
Essay.
3. Short Essay in Arabic.
Section- II
This paper will require first-hand reading of the texts prescribed and will be designed to test the candidate's
critical ability.
POETS:_
1. Imraul Qais: His Maullagah:-
"Qifaa Nabki mim Zikaa Hawibin Wa Manzili" (Complete).
2. Zoflair Bin Abi Sulma: His Maullahqa: -
"A min Aufaa Dimnatun Lam Takalemi" (Complete)
3. Hassan Bin Thabit: The following five Qasaid from his Diwan:: from Qasidah no. 1 to Qasidah IV and the
Qasidah:-
"Lillahi, Darni Isaabatin Nadamthuhm + Yauman BiJililage"
4. Umar Bin Abi Rabiah: 5 Ghazals from his Diwan:-
(i) Falamma Towagafna Wa Sallamtu oshraqat Wujudhum Zahahal Husnu An-Tata guanna (Complete).
(ii) Laita Hindan Anjazanta Ma Taidu+Wa Shaft Anfusona Mimma Tajidu (Complete).
(iii) Katabtu IIaiki Min Baladi + Kitaba Muwallahim Kamdi (Complete).
(iv) Amin AAli Numin Anta Ghaadin Famubkiru Ghadia Ghandia An Raaihum Famuhajjaru (Complete).
(v) Qaalali Feeha Ateequn Maqaalan. + Fajarat Mimma Yaqoolud dumoou (Complete).
5. Faradaq: The following 4 Qasaid from his Diwan:
(i) "Haazal Iazi Tarriful Bathaau Watatahu" in praise of Zainul Abideen Ali Bin Hussain.
(ii) "Zarrat Sakeenatu Atleahan Ankha Bihim" in praise of Umar Bin A. Az.
(iii) "Wa Kcomin Tanamul Adhyaf Ainan" in praise of Saeed Bin Al-ass (Complete)
(iv) "Wa Atlasa Assaalin Wa maakano Sahiban" in praise of "the Wolf".
6. Bashhar Bin Murd. The following two Qasaid from his Diwan:
(i) "Izaa Balaghar Raaiul Mashwarata Fastain + Biraai Naseehinaw Naseefate Haazimi" (Complete).
Khaillaiya Min Kabin Aeenaa Akhookumma Allaa Darahi Innal Kareem Muinu (Complete).
7. Aba Nawas: First three Qasaid from the Diwan.
8. Shauoh. The following five Qasaid from his Diwan "Al-Shauquiyal".
(i) "Ghaaba Boloum" (Complete).
(ii) "Kaneesatusm Saarat Illa Masjidi" (Complete).
(iii) "Ashloo Hawaki Ilman Yaloomu Fayaozafu" (Complete).
(iv) "Salaamun Min Saban Baradaa Araqqu (Nakbatu Dimashk)" (Complete).
(v) Salaamun Neel Yaa Ghandi Wa Hazaz Zahru Min Indi" (Complete).

AUTHORS:-
1. Ibnul Muqaff: "Kaliala Wa Dimna" excluding Muqaddamah: Chapter I. Complete "Al-Asad Wa-al
Thaus".
2. Al-Jahis: Al-Bayan Wat Tab: in VII edited by Abdul Salam Mohd. Haroon, Cairo, Egypt from pp. 31 to
85.
3. Ibn Khaldun: his Muqaddamah: 39 Pages, Part Six from the first Chapter:
From "Al Faslul Saadis Minal Kitaabil Awal" to "Wa Min Furoodhi at Jabruwal Muqabla".
4. Mahmud Timur: Story, "Amni Mutawallji" from his book "Qaalar Raavi".
5. Taufiq Al-Hakim: Drama: "Sinnul Muntahiraa" from his book "Masrahiyatu Tahiqal Hakim".

NOTE:-
Candidates will be required to answer some questions carrying not less than 25 per cent marks in
Arabic also.

98
 36. PALI LANGUAGE & LITERATURE
Section- I.
There will be four parts in this section.
Part 1. (a) Origin and development of the language (a general outline only, from the Indo-European to the
Middle Indo-Aryan Languages), its homeland and the main characteristies.
(b) Salient features of the grammar with particular emphasis on Sandhi, Karaka, vibhakti, Samasa, Itthipaccaya,
Apacca (Bodhpacoaya) and Sankhaya (bodhaka paccaya).
Part 2. General Knowledge of the history of the literature (pitaka literature and post-pitaka literature). Principal
forms of writings including analytical compositions (Meitipakarana, Petakopedesa, Milinadapanda). Chronicles
(Dipavenss, Mahavansa etc.) Commentatorial expositions (Atthakathas of Buddhas, Buddhaghosa and
Dhammapla), origin and development and literary genres including epic prose, Kavya, Lyric and Anthology.
Part 3. Essentials of pre-Buddhistic and post-Buddhistic India Culture and Philosphy with special reference to
the four Noble-Truths. (Cattari Ariyasaccant). Tilakkhana (Dukkha Anatta and Anicca) and four Abhidhammic
paramaitth as (Cita, Cetasika, Pupa and Nibbana)
Part 4. Short essay in pali (based on Budhistic themes only)
[Questions on section (3) and (4) to be answered in pali].

Section- II
There will be two parts in this section.
Part 1. General study of the following works: -
(a) Mahavagga.
(b) Cullavaga.
(c) Patimokkha.
(d) Dighamkaya.
(e) Mjihimanikaya.
(f) Samyuttanikaya.
(g) Dhammapada.
(h) Suttanipata.
(i) Jataka.
(j) Chergatha
(k) Theragatha
(l) Dhammasangani.
(m) Kathavatthu.
(n) Millindapanha.
(o) Dipavansa.
(p) Mahavansa
(q) Atthasalini.
(r) Visudhimagga.
(s) Abhidhammatthasangaho.
(t) Teleckatahagatha
(u) Subodhalankara.
(v) Vouttodaya.
Part 2. Evidence of the first-hand reading of the following selected texts (Textual questions will be asked from
the portions mentioned against each texts).
(i) Mahavagga (Mahakhandhaka only).
(ii) Dighanikaya (Samannaphala-sutta only).
(iii) Majihimanikaya (Mulapariyaya Setta and Samma ditthisutta).
(iv) Dhammapada (Yamaka, Vagga only).
(v) Suttanipata (Uraga Vagga only).
(vi) Milindapanha (Lakkhanapannho only).
(vii) Mahavansa (Pratham Sangiti, Dutiya-Sangiti and Tativa- Sangiti).
(viii) Visuldhimagga (Sila niddesa only)
(ix) Abhdhammatthasangaho.
Note to Item No. 2 (1) Questions carrying minimum 25 percent marks should be answered in pali (2) Passages
for translation and annotation will be selected only from the portions given above within parenthesis.

99
 37. MAITHILI LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE
Section- I
Part- I
A. Origin of Maithili Language.
B. Position of Maithili in Indo-Europeans Family of Languages.
C. Historical Development of Maithili Language.
D. Relationship of Maithili with Hindi, Bengali, Bhojpuri, Magahi and Santhali.
E. Different Dialects of Maithili Languages.
F. Characteristics of Standard Maithili.
Part-II
A. Determination of ages in Maithili Literature and their chief characteristics/features.
B. Development of Modern Maithili Poetry.
C. Development of Modern Maithili Novels.
D. Development of Modern Maithili Drama.
E. Development of Modern Maithili Short Story.
F. Development of Modern Maithili Essays and Criticism.
Section- II
This paper will require first hand reading of the prescribed Text and will be designed to test the candidates
critical ability. Vidyapati-Vidyapati Geetawall, Maithili Academy, Patna, Poem No.- 1 to 50
Govinddas- Govinddash Bhajanawali, Maithili Academy, Patna. Poem No.- 1 to 50
Manboth- Krishnajanma
Chanda Jha- Mithila Bhasha Ramayan (Sunderkant Only)
Yatri- Chitra
Munshi Reghunandan Das- Mithila Natak
Aysi Prasad Singh- Suryamukhi
Prof. Hari Mohan Jh- Kanyadan and Dwiragaman
Prof. Ramanath Jha- Prabandh Sangrah
Raj Kamal Choudhary- Lalka Paag.

100