The mathematical mode of combined drying process

off cherries with the usage of extra high frequency

currents in oscilatory mode of operation.

Summary :
This work represents the linear parametric mathematical model of the cherries drying process from the
Spanka sort, using the combined methods: convection and high frequency currents in oscilatory mode
of operation. To elaborate the linear parametric mathematical model of the combined drying process were
used expressions from the toolbox. Systems identification of the Mathlab program. The mathematical
model was established according to drying period, temperature, level of magnetron power usage and
oscilatory mode of operation. The Spanka cherry drying using the combined method (convention and
microwaves in oscilatory mode of operation) has been accomplished simultaneausly at five modes of
temperature, of the thermic agent of drying between the limits 60-100 grade C at four modes of nominal
power usage of the magnetron N=1,5 kW between the limits 25% N-100% N at the frequency 2450MHz
and six oscilatory modes of operation: T: 5s/25s, 15s/25s, 25s/25s, 35s/25s, 45s/25s, 60s/25s, where the
first number is the duration of the microwave application impuls and the second is the duration of the
pause between the impulses. These proportion are expresses resing the coefficient of oscilation and have
the values 0,2; 0,6; 1,0; 1,4; 1,8; 2,4.
The mathematical model of cherries drying process has been established by the drying duration
dependence, according to the temperature, the level of magnetron power usage and the oscilatory mode.
To elaborate the linear parametric mathematical model of the combined drying process expression
from the toolbox Systems identification of the Mathlab program were used in which: y(T)- the output
measure of discrete time (thus it is a vector), w(T)- the imput measure of discrete time (a vector); e(T)-
perturbation which symbolizes the modeling error, the outer unknown action etc; T- discrete time variable
(number of values), with characters in the whole numbers multitude. More, in phrase (1) interpose five
polynomials of argument q, the coefficients of which are a result of systems identification.
In these relations the delay operator (argument q, or its equivalent z if the z transform from the
discrete field is used) has the expression for ex. for imput measure: U(T): and na, nb, nc, nd, nf represent
the order of each of the five polynomials. More in the expression (1) the nk value represents the number
of deloying elements on the imput- output relation.
The particular form of the generalized model (1) treated by the Systems identification Toolbox
of the Mathlab programming envoiranment is: Autoreqressive model with controlled Moving Average
with exogene entries, this is ARMAX, which results for thus has the form.
The generalized linear parametric mathematical model for all levels of magnetron nominal power
usage, the temperatures and and the oscilatory modes of operation ,with the help of which experimental
researches have been done (so, for all the available values) we are interested in the maximal drying time,
the one corresponding to minimal humidity, is shown in fig.1. where the coefficients of the mathematical
model also appear.
The coefficients
Fig.1. Maximal drying time depending on the level of nominal power usage on temperature and
oscilatory mode of operation- generalized model.
The folowing ecuation with differentials result from fig.1. from which the four transfer functions
are obtained. The transfer function adjacent to the power level, expressed in discrete field (of arguments)
is:
The transfer function corresponding to the temperature
The transfer function corresponding to the mode of operation.
The transfer function which belongs to be residual has the expression.

Fig. 1. Shows that the experimental and simullated frame coincide, the residual r has low values, and
the modelling error at RMS is 0,06%. Also the graphics from fig.1. shows that it is enough only one
mathematical model through an ecuation with small differences respectively of second order.