Chapter-3

INFRASTRUCTURE

Roads and Bridges

Role of Transport sector

Transport plays an extremely important role in the daily lives of every individual in various forms.
The economic development, growth and development of cities, population distribution, energy
consumption and access to markets and quality of life are some of the notable areas of its influence. The
heavy investments made in this sector contribute substantially to the country’s GDP and generates
employment.

2. The transport system in India comprises railways, roads, civil aviation, shipping, and inland water
transport, ports and pipelines. Over the last 50 years, the growth of this network and the demand for
transport services has been enormous. The volume of railway freight has increased five fold and passenger
kilometers nearly seven fold. The length of surfaced roads has multiplied nine fold. The number of goods
vehicles has increased 40 fold, buses 20 fold and four-wheel passenger vehicles 30 fold. The tonnage of
freight handled by the nation’s expanding system of major and minor ports has grown more than 16 fold.
Air freight has increased about 30 fold.

3. In spite of this increase the entire transport system is facing capacity constraints and there is heavy
congestion especially in the high-density corridors. The rural areas are poorly served by transport. Only
seven, out of every ten habitations have been connected by either painted or BOE (Kharanja) roads. In
urban areas there has been an explosive growth of personalized vehicles, due to non availability of
adequate public transport which coupled with inadequate road infrastructure lead to congestion, delays,
accidents, environmental pollution and avoidable energy losses. The vehicle population has increased
from 3 lakh in 1950-51 to an estimated 670 lakh in 2003 i.e. 224 times in 53 years. At present over 10 lakh
vehicles are being added every year.

4. In stark contrast to the 1950s when railways dominated the scene, road transport has overtaken the
railways as a dominant mode of transport both in passenger movement and freight haulage due to
advantages in terms of easy availability, flexibility of operation, door-to-door service, reliability and
maneuverability.

5. The relative share of road transport has increased from 12% to 60% of freight and from 32% to 80% of
passenger business. It is therefore important that transport capacities should be created ahead of the future
demand and on a scale larger than is justifiable in relation to the immediate demand, keeping in view long
gestation period involved in the construction projects.

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Demographic Characteristics of Uttar Pradesh

6. Uttar Pradesh is the most populous State of India with 16.62 crore persons (2001 census). The total
area of the state is 2.41 lakh sq km with a density of 689 persons per sq km. It is divided into 17 Divisions
and 70 Districts. The decadal growth of State population during 1991-2001 has been 25.8% compared to
all India growth of 21.34% over the same period. As regards population growth, UP ranks 16 th among 35
States / Union territories of the country. The State rural population as per 2001 census is 13.15 crore
(79.12%) and urban population is 3.47 crore (20.87%).

Road Development Plan – Vision 2021

7. On the basis of the assessment of the achievements of the Lucknow Plan (1981 – 2001) and keeping in
view the present and the future needs of the country, Indian Roads Congress has formulated the Vision
2021 for the Highway development in the first two decades of the 21st century for the country as a whole.

National Highways

8. It has been stipulated that National Highways should have a minimum of two-lane carriageway with
hard shoulders. Half the network should have four / six-lanes. Strengthening of weak pavements,
rehabilitation of bridges showing signs of distress, construction of bypasses, railway over bridges, safety
engineering and drainage measures are also stipulated. Expanding the present NH system to 80,000 km by
the end of 2021 is envisaged. As per MOT Economic Survey NH length was 34100 km in 1994-95 in the
country.

State Highways

9. IRC stipulates that entire length of State Highways should be of minimum two lane standards of which
some segments with additional hard shoulders and 10,000 km of State Highways to be four laned by the
year 2021. Present State Highways system is proposed to be expanded to 1,60,000 km by the end of 2021
in the country.

Major District Roads

10. As per Vision 2021 of IRC, 40 percent of Major District Roads in the country should have a minimum of
two-lane carriageway and the total length of network to be expanded to 3,20,000 km by the end of 2021.

11. Although Vision 2021 has not laid down specific targets for different states, an attempt has been made
to fix the proportionate target of Uttar Pradesh in respect of National Highways, State Highways and Major
District Roads on the basis of the proportion of country’s population residing in Uttar Pradesh as per 2001
census. The targets so determined of different categories of roads are as under:-

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 # Road Population (in Country Target & Proportionate Existing Proposed Proposed
Category crore) U.P.’s Target as per target for U.P. Road addition / up
Vision 2021 ( in kms.) for year 2011 length as Upgradation gradation
taking base yr. on 3/06 of roads in per year in
India U.P. India Uttar 03 / 06 [(col 6 (in kms.) kms [(col 6- kms
Pradesh – col 8) / 3+ col 8)/3] by (col9/col5)
col 8] (in year 2011
kms.) (col7 – col8)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
1 N.H 102.87 16.62 80,000 12,925 8021 5570 2451 490

2 S.H. 102.87 16.62 1,60,000 25,850 14317 8551 5766 1153

3 M.D.R. 102.87 16.62 3,20,000 51,700 22130 7345 14785 2957

Total 5,60,000 90,475 44469 21466 23003 4600

Targets and likely achievements of Tenth Plan - An overview

12. The process of development of roads of the country as well as for this State has been carried out on the
basis of the recommendations and principles laid down by various committees from time to time. The
expenditures of State Plan in different plans up to the Ninth Plan and corresponding expenditures in the
transport sector (Roads and Bridges is a sub sector under the transport sector and forms the major chunk)
have been shown in the table below: -
Financial
# Plan Plan Period States Total Expenditure % of Total
Expenditure for Transport Expenditure
(Rs in Cr) sector
(Rs in Cr)
1 First Plan 1951-56 153* 6.86* 4.48
2 Second Plan 1956-61 233* 15.37* 6.60
3 Third Plan 1961-66 561* 28.14* 5.02
4 3 Annual Plans 1966-69 455*
5 Fourth Plan 1969-74 1166* 77.96* 6.69
6 Fifth Plan 1974-79 2909* 246.66* 8.48
7 Annual Plan (79-80) 1979-80 829*
8 Sixth Plan 1980-85 6597* 677.90* 10.28
9 Seventh Plan 1985-90 11949* 1278.18* 10.70
10 Annual Plan (90-91) 1990-91 6904*
11 Annual Plan (91-92) 1991-92
12 Eighth Plan 1992-97 21680* 2497.02* 11.52
13 Ninth Plan 1997-02 28309 3899.95 13.78
*Including Uttranchal

13. The financial targets and achievements during the Tenth Plan are as under: -

(Rs. in crore)

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 Total approved outlay Year Outlay Expenditure
of Tenth Plan
2002-03 796.53 920.70
6008.16 2003-04 1225.22 803.85
2004-05 1264.97 697.77
2005-06 1832.90 2171.25
2006-07 2594.13 3259.82*
Total 7713.75 7853.39*
*Anticipated

14. During the year 2003-04 the short fall in expenditure was mainly due to the fact that final budget of the
department could be passed by the House in December 2003 and model code of conduct was also
promulgated in Feb. 2004 in view of the Lok Sabha Election. The shortfall was also in the SRP-II works
under Externally Aided Project which was due to non-procurement of packages and delay in registration of
agreement for supervision of consultant for 4 up- gradation packages.

Physical

15. The year wise physical target and the achievement during the Tenth Plan are as under:-

# Item Unit
Tenth 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07
Plan Target Ach Target Ach Target Ach Target Ach Target Anti.
Target Ach
1 New Kms 9236 2893 501 2893 709 2202 218 2202 403 1648 7000
. construction of 1 6 7 4
roads
2 Strengthening Kms 1395 80 8 117 220 244 315 449 81 2000 200
. of 6 2 0
SH/MDR/ODR
3 Bridges Nos 216 23 1 36 47 27 15 29 102 91 91
. 4 7
4 ROB Nos 10 2 1 2 4 5 1 4 4 4
. 1
5 EAP
. - Upgradation Kms 770 Nil - 50 Nil 64 Nil 150 - 204 223
-Strengthening Kms 2200 88 - 413 24 326 30 232 81 296 293
(Rehabilitation 1 4
)

Status of Village Connectivity

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Total Villages Balance Tenth 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07
No. of connect unconn- Plan
Villages ed as on ected at Target

Ach.
Target

Target

Ach

Target

Ach

Target

Ach

Target

Ant. Ach
(1991 31.3.02 the end of
census) Ninth
Plan

98248 43437 54811 3695 910 2920 1376 2761 2189 1928 1402 6635 2716 2716

Year wise Status of Upgradation of roads to NH during the X Plan

# Year Length of declared NHs (in kms)
1 2002-03 82.550
2 2003-04 Nil
3 2004-05 640.685
4 2005-06 Nil
5 2006-07 184.040
Total 907.275

16. 39.60 km of Major District Roads were upgraded to State Highways during the year 2002-03, and
56.98 km of Other District Roads have been up graded to MDR category in the year 2006-07.

Status of connectivity of habitations

17. State Road Development policy was formulated in 1998 to provide impetus to rural connectivity. On
the basis of 1991 census, an ambitious target of connecting all the villages of more than 1000 population
by 2005 and of population less than 1000 by 2010 was aimed. On account of the practical limitations of
the concept of village connectivity a new concept of connectivity of habitations was developed. PMGSY
was launched by Government of India in the year 2000 on the basis of this new concept, which envisaged a
time bound programme to connect and upgrade all habitations of more than 1000 population by 2003-04
(in I Phase) and of population between 500 to 1000 by the year 2007-08 (in II Phase). However, the due
dates for attainment of set targets have since been revised and it is expected to connect all 1000+
habitations by the year 2009.

18. At the advent of the Eleventh Plan, out of a total of 1,70,004 habitations of the State, only 1,20,444
habitations are expected to be connected according to PMGSY standards i.e. connectivity either through
painted or BOE (Kharanja) roads. Thus leaving 49560 (29.15%) habitations unconnected. (Annexure-
1(a))

Construction of Railway over bridges

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19. Construction of Railway overhead / under head bridges has also been accorded high priority along
with construction of road bridges. Construction of 9 overhead bridges at Aligarh, Deoria, Rampur, Etawah,
Kanpur (Tat Mill). Ambedkar nagar, Bareilly, J.P. Nagar and Allahabad (Sirsa Mandi) are under progress.
Some important Railway overhead bridges at Lucknow (Raidas Mandir), Lucknow (Mawaiya), Fatehpur,
Meerut (Partapur), Gorakhpur (Dharamshala Crossing), Lucknow (Engg. College), Lucknow (Gomti
Nagar), Lucknow (Sadar Bazaar), Hathras and Hardoi have been completed during the Tenth Plan up to
Dec 2006. Two Overhead bridges at Rampur, Ambedkar Nagar are likely to be completed soon.
Proposals for construction of 11 overhead bridges have been included in the Railway works programme
during the year 2006-07.

Status of Roads & Highways in UP

20. The achievement in road length of all categories, including earthen Roads corresponding to the target
of Road Development Plan-Vision 2021, for the State of Uttar Pradesh are as follows:-
Item Target Length Achievement as on 31.3.2006 % of Target
for 2011 (km.)
Road Development Plan-Vision 2021
N.H. 8030 5570 (1.4.2006)* 69%
S.H. 14542 8551 (1.4.2006)** 58%
MDR 22086 7345 (1.4.2006)** 33%
ODR&VR 255316 (1.4.2006)***
Total:- 276782 #
* With PWD = 3824.775 km, With NHAI=1745.496 km.
** PWD Only.
*** including 1,43,678 km of other Department Roads (excluding Local Bodies and Avas Vikas Parishad).
# Out of this Black Top length is 1,50,303 kms only.

State Highways

21. As per Vision 2021, length of State Highways in the state by the 2011 should be 14542 km against
which the length of state Highways is 8551 km only as on 31.3.2006. Road Development Plan – Vision
2021envisages the entire length of State Highways to be of minimum double lane standard.

22. Existing traffic density, on most of the State Highways, requires double laning (in some cases even
four laning) and strengthening as well. However the present position is as under: -
(a) Below Standard Single Line (up to 3.74 m width) 2736 kms
32%
(b) Standard Single Line (3.75-6.99 m width) 1426 kms 17%
(c) Standard Double Line (7.00-10.49m width) 4306 kms 50%
(d) Standard Multiple Line (above 10.5 m width) 83 kms
1%
Total: - 8551 kms

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23. This clearly establishes that the existing 49% length of SHs, which is less than 7.0m in width should be
double laned in the Eleventh Plan itself. In addition to this, 30% length of the existing double lane SHs
will also need to be strengthened.

Major District Roads (MDRs)

24. The length of Major District Roads in the State as per Road Development Plan – Vision 2021, should
be 22086 km by the year 2011. Against this, the MDR length is 7345 km as on 31.03.06. Further, 40% of
Major District Roads should have double lane pavement according to Vision 2021. The present position is
as given below: -

(a) Below Standard SL (up to 3.74 m width) 5195 kms 72%

(b) Standard SL (3.75-6.99 m width) 1518 kms 20%
(c) Standard DL (7.00-10.49m width) 607 kms 8%
(d) Standard ML (above 10.5 m width) 25 kms -
Total: - 7345 kms

25. It is therefore important that entire available length of MDRs of the State should be double laned and
up graded to State Highway in the Eleventh Plan itself. So the entire length of existing MDR is proposed to
be double laned by 2012 and 20% of existing double lane length to be strengthened.

Other District Roads (ODRs)

26. The present status of Other District Roads in the State is as under:

Below Standard SL (up to 3.74 m width) 25851 kms 88%

Standard SL (3.75 - 6.99 m width) 2012 kms 7%

Standard DL (7.00 -10.49m width) 1088 kms 4%

Standard ML (above 10.5 m width) 228 kms 1%

Total: - 29179 kms

27. To achieve the targets of the Road Development Plan – Vision 2021, widening of 20% length of 5.5m
width to 7.0m width and widening of 20% length of 3.5m width to 5.5m width is proposed along with
strengthening of 20% length of existing 7.0m wide roads, to cater to higher axle loads.

Comparative Position of State in Road Length Densities

28. The table given below shows that Uttar Pradesh lags far behind other states of the country in road
densities per 100 sq. km. area and per lakh of population:-

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# State of India Road length in km.*

Per lakh of population Per 100 sq. km.

1 Arunachal Pradesh 1523 21.8

2 Nagaland 1271 122.7
3 Orissa 737.4 168.6

4 Goa 609.6 263.5

5 Mizoram 538.4 23

6 Kerala 462.1 381.7

7 Manipur 457.4 51.2

8 Himachal Pradesh 444.5 52.7

9 Maharashtra 422.3 124.1

10 Tripura 420.7 148.4

11 Meghalaya 380.3 40.7

12 Sikkim 370.2 26.1

13 Assam 329.9 109.4

14 Karnataka 294.4 79.2

15 Punjab 275.9 128.2

16 Rajasthan 266.3 41.2

17 Madhya Pradesh 258.6 46

18 Tamil Nadu 249.3 117.7

19 J.&K. 243.7 10.7

20 Andhra Pradesh 239 65.2

21 Delhi(U.T.) 203 1862

22 Gujrat 195.3 47.6

23 U.P. 169.8 96.7

24 Haryana 147.3 65.3

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 # State of India Road length in km.*

Per lakh of population Per 100 sq. km.

25 Bengal 101.2 89.3

26 Bihar 90.6 51.4

* This data corresponds to 31.3.99

Among the 26 major states of the country UP stands at 23rd and Eleventh position population and area wise
respectively.

Strategies and Recommendations of Eleventh Five Year Plan

Status of connectivity of habitations

29. At the advent of the Eleventh Plan, out of a total of 1,70,004 habitations of the State, only 1,20,444
habitations will be connected according to PMGSY standards i.e. connectivity either through painted or
BOE (Kharanja) roads. Thus, 49560 (29.15%) rural habitations are presently unconnected. However, it
must be remembered that it is proposed to connect only those habitations having population of more than
500 persons in the plains as per 2001 Census with all-weather roads under the PMGSY.

30. It is the endeavour of the State Government to connect all unconnected habitations of population more
than 500 and Ambedkar villages by the end of Eleventh Plan (i.e. by the year 2012). The connectivity of
habitations of population more than 500 will be done through PMGSY. 9230 (428+4253+2260+2289)
habitations of more than 500 population are not connected but out of this 4549 (2260+2289) have been
sanctioned under PMGSY(Annexure-1(b)).

Up gradation of roads

31. Emphasis is laid on upgrading SH to NH and ODR & MDR to MDR and SH respectively to achieve
goals set in Vision 2021. Adequate outlay has been earmarked for the attainment of these goals during the
Eleventh Plan.

Construction of Major bridges

32. Many river bridges on state highways and important major district roads and other rural roads are in
distressed condition, which need to be reconstructed. There are some unabridged rivers and nalas, which
need new bridges. Therefore, to keep pace with the development process, construction of about 750 major
bridges will be required during the Eleventh Plan. This will require about Rs.2250.00 crore. However,
208 major bridges costing about 920.00 crore are expected to be completed during the Eleventh Plan
period. (Annexure-2)

Construction of Railway over bridges

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33. Railway level crossings with high traffic intensity require construction of a large number of ROBs. To
keep pace with the increasing trend of traffic, about 100 ROBs will be required to be constructed during
the Eleventh Plan which will require about Rs.1500.00 crore. However, 34 ROBs costing about Rs.516.18
crore are proposed to be constructed during the Eleventh Plan period. (Annexure-3)

Private Sector Participation

34. In order to reduce burden on the Public Sector, Private Sector participation in road transport has
become a necessity. According to U.P. Road Development policy 1998 it has been decided to attract
private sector investment for construction of rail overhead / under bridges, bypasses and construction /
maintenance of roads in high density corridors. In the year 1999, guidelines have been framed to
encourage Private Sector participation in the road and bridge projects in the state on Build-Operate-
Transfer (B.O.T.) basis. U.P. State Bridge Corporation has been declared Nodal Agency for such BOT
projects. Projects are to be identified on the basis of Economic Internal Rate of Return (EIRR) and
Financial Internal Rate of Return (FIRR). The Government will carry out preparatory work for the
projects identified for private investment and meet the cost initially but the cost for detailed feasibility
study of the project and land for Right-of-way and en-route facilities will be added to the cost of the
project and the entrepreneur will have to pay it to the Government from the income from toll collection.

35. A major bridge over river Sone in Chopan has been constructed by U.P. State Bridge Corporation on
B.O.T. basis. No significant progress could be made towards private sector participation for construction
of roads & bridges in the State so far.

36. Viability study for the following projects has been carried out by M/s RITES, New Delhi:-
(a) Railway Overhead bridges/Under head bridges (Nos.) - 188
(b) Road bypass (Nos.) -22
(c) River bridges (Nos.) - 4

Total 214

37. 90 Railway Overhead bridges whose FIRR (Financial Internal Rate of Return) is 20% or more have
been found viable and are estimated to cost about Rs.565 crore. Viability has been estimated at annual
interest rate of 15.5% -16%. Out of these 90 Railway Overhead bridges, 20 Railway overhead bridges lie
on National Highways. The remaining 70 ROBs, which lie on State Highways, are estimated to cost about
Rs.440 crore. In the first phase, 20 highly commercial and viable ROBs have been identified to be
constructed on BOT basis. M/s Feed Back has given its report on toll policy and legal framework, which
was submitted, to the Government for approval. In May 2005 the consultant gave a presentation in this
regard and the consultant has been asked to submit a revised report on toll policy etc.

38. A major step has also been taken towards boosting Private Sector participation in Road & Bridges
sector by constituting U.P. State Highway Authority for the development, maintenance and management
of State Highways. Executive board meeting chaired by Honorable Chief Minister has identified 9
important State Highways (total length 1174 km) for up gradation, and construction of 6 important ROBs
on BOT basis. As soon as the toll policy and toll rates are approved by the State Government, tenders will

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be invited for construction of the ROBs. Necessary action is being taken for the appointment of
consultants for the required survey, project report preparation and bid documents preparation for taking up
the work of up gradation and maintenance of identified State Highways on BOT basis. The identified
State Highways and ROBs are as under: -

39. List of approved State Highways: -

` Name of Road Category of Length Estimated Cost
Road (in Km.) (Rs. in crore)
1- Delhi Baghpat Saharanpur Road SH-47 200.00 300.00

2- Kalpi Hamirpur Road SH-60 60.00 120.00

3- Bareilly Baheri Kitchcha Road SH-37 64.00 150.00

4- Sitapur Bilgram Hardoi Road SH-21 110.00 170.00

5- Lumbini Duddhi Road SH-5 100.00 150.00

6- Badaun Bahjoi Sambhal Gajraula SH-40 104.00 160.00

Bijnaur Road
7- Bilhaur Rasulabad Bela Etawah Road SH-40 104.00 160.00

8- Bahraich Sultanpur Azamgarh Road SH-26 217.00 330.00

9- Raibareilly Sultanpur Azamgarh SH-34 215.00 330.00

Road

40. List of approved ROBs:

# Name of Road Level District FIRR
Crossing
At Cost Cost-10% Cost+10%
No.

1- State Highway No. 14 28 A Baghpat 22.15% 24.61% 20.04%

(Near Baghpat)
2- State Highway No. 13 161 B Raibareilly 22.19% 24.68% 20.06%
(Near Raibareilly)
3- State Highway No. 5 30 SPL Mirzapur 68.31% 74.15% 63.39%
( Near Mirzapur)
4- State Highway No. 5 7B Mirzapur 24.77% 27.41% 22.52%
(Near Mariyahu)
5- State Highway No. 18 13 A Bulandshahar 27.31% 30.12% 24.93%
(Near Bulandshahar)
6- State Highway No. 33 342 A Mathura 27.43% 42.74% 36.09%
(Near Bharatpur)

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Road Safety

41. The phenomenal increase in road traffic over the past decade and lack of matching increase in the road
network has resulted in serious capacity constraints. These constraints, in turn, have contributed not only
to the losses by way of increased vehicle operating costs but also acute traffic congestions, travel time
delay, poor level of service to the road users, discomfort and increased vulnerability to accident hazards.

42. Although the occurrence of accidents is a very complex phenomenon, yet road design also plays an
important contributory role. Improvement of geometric features of the road, improvement of crossings,
provision of road markings, signs, signals, delineators, provision of way side amenities, rail guards on high
bridge embankment etc. will help in reducing the road accidents in the high density road corridors. A
provision to this effect is presently being proposed on State Highways and important MDRs. Rs.1.50 crore
per district is proposed for the Eleventh Plan period i.e. Rs.105.00 crore.

Maintenance of Roads

43. For smooth flow of traffic on the roads, it is essential to continuously maintain the roads free of
potholes and patches, to renew the surface of the roads periodically and to rectify the major damages in
roads by special repair. The funds for maintenance of roads are provided through the State Budget. The
funds made available for maintenance of roads from the State Budget were not adequate, as the length of
roads to be maintained is enormous. Hence to mobilize additional resources, Govt. of U.P. created a
separate fund called “State Road Fund” by imposing additional Trade Tax on sale of diesel and petrol. For
the year 2002-03 an additional expenditure of Rs.156.70 crore was incurred under State Road Fund in
addition to an expenditure of Rs.222.17 crore under annual maintenance. Similarly for the year 2003-04
an additional expenditure of Rs.220.56 crore was incurred under State Road Fund in addition to an
expenditure of Rs.132.33 crore from annual maintenance. In the year 2004-05 an amount of Rs.479.40
crore was made available under State Road Fund and Rs.120.00 crore under Annual Repair and the
expenditure against these heads was Rs.414.87 crore and Rs.116.0 crore respectively.

44. During the year 2005-06 the funds made available under State Road Fund and Annual Maintenance
were Rs.526.67 crore and Rs.121.50 crore respectively against which special repair of 19902 kms and
renewal of 6254 kms was done. For the year 2006-07 an amount of Rs.600.00 crore from State Govt. and
a matching amount of Rs.600.00 crore from the Twelfth Finance Commission i.e. a total of Rs.1200.00
crore is expected against which 24225 kms are likely to be renewed. Considering this Rs.6900.00 crore
will be required during the Eleventh Plan period for maintenance of roads.

45. In the year 2003, State Government issued revised norms for the period of renewal of various
categories of roads vide G.O. No. 3728/23-1-2003-16 (Lkk0)/2003 dated 26.12.2003, whereby 1/4th length
of State Highways, 1/4th length of Major District Roads and 1/5th length of rural ODRs(1/4th length for
urban roads) was to be renewed every year or in other words the renewal cycle for SHs, MDRs, and ODRs
was fixed to be 4 years, 4 years and 5 years (4 years for urban areas) respectively. During the Eleventh
Plan renewal is proposed accordingly.

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46. Roads are designed for standard axle load of 8160 kg. The vehicles that ply on the roads are
overloaded far beyond this standard axle load. This leads to rapid deterioration of the roads and in certain
cases immediate damage. The relevant agencies should be motivated to check this overloading in order to
help the roads to achieve their designed life cycle.

47. Abadi portions of the roads and in those reaches, which are prone to water logging need special
attention, as Black Top surface is not sustainable in water logged circumstances. It is therefore proposed
in this plan that these reaches should be provided with rigid pavement instead of flexible BT pavements.

48. The State Highways of the State need round the clock maintenance to keep them pot hole free and
riding worthy throughout the year. This however is not possible with the limited resources both in
manpower and machinery. Failure on this front leads to direct as well as indirect losses like increased fuel
consumption, increased pollution, delays, annoyance due to poor riding surface, reduction in the life of the
vehicles and accidents etc. It is therefore, necessary to launch some dedicated scheme to develop
specialized means like dedicated mobile units etc. to repair the potholes within 24 hours of their formation,
no matter howsoever remote the reach may be. A provision of Rs.70.0 crore per year is proposed in this
regard i.e. a total of Rs.350.0 crore for the Eleventh Plan over and above normal maintenance.

Computerization & Modernization

49. A computerized data bank will be established to implement the construction and maintenance works in
a planned manner. The data bank will have the details of every road, its width, type and thickness of its
crust, engineering properties of earth and sub grade, details of culverts, bridges and permanent land etc.
In addition to this traffic density in terms of commercial vehicles per day and passenger car units, details of
accidents and road geometrics will also be kept in the computerized data bank. Computerized
Management Information System will be developed at Divisional, Circle, Zonal Chief Engineers, Engineer-
in-Chiefs and Government level. The Work of computerization of U.P. P.W.D. is under progress in a
systematized phased manner. Each and every office of P.W.D. is proposed to be computerized and
connected with each other. It is expected that a sum of Rs.50.00 crore shall be required for completion of
this work.

Research and Development

50. A certain degree of efficiency in construction is very essential for the development of reliable and
durable infrastructural facilities. To achieve standards of quality and definite procedures to ensure quality
are to be clearly enunciated. Thus the standards of quality in construction works will be the same as
determined by the Indian Road Congress(IRC) and Bureau of Indian Standards. It is also essential to test
the quality of construction works from time to time to achieve the desired quality.

51. Hence in view of the large-scale construction schedule of roads and bridges in the coming years, the
research and development wings of the department have to be properly strengthened and expanded. Some
new equipment like road bump indicator, testing equipments and other miscellaneous T & P are also to be
arranged. For this purpose a sum of Rs.35.00 crore is being proposed. The possibilities of Research

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Institute of PWD entering into a MOU with CRRI, New Delhi shall also be explored to work more
effectively to achieve the desired level of quality.

New Machines and T&P

52. The Road Development Policy formulated by the State Government in 1998 specifically states that,
“Necessary amendments will be made in the existing rules by the Department to minimize dependence on
contract system”. However it can not be enforced as most of the road construction equipments like road
rollers, loaders, mixal, hot mix plants, pavers, tractors, trucks, tippers etc. have become very old and need
replacement. To meet these requirements, an outlay of Rs. 75 crore is being proposed.

Human Resource Development

53. For the development of Human resources, in-service training programmes will be conducted to impart
training to Junior Engineers, Assistant Engineers and other Senior Officers according to the nature of their
work and seniority, so that they are kept abreast of the latest construction technology and are able to
efficiently execute the construction works with the highest standards of quality and in accordance with the
financial rules for which provision has been made in Research and Development activities.

Special Features of Eleventh Plan over the Tenth Plan

54. Certain new features are proposed for inclusion in the strategy for Eleventh Plan in the roads sector.
These are as under:
(a) Development of the software for on line connectivity through LAN / internet.
(b) Mechanization of the maintenance system - introduction of mobile unit in each district
to make SH pothole free within 24 hours of pothole / patch occurrence.
(c) Improvement in Research & Development facilities and Quality Control Development.
(d) Human Resource development of all cadres.
(e) Different approach of providing rigid pavements in ‘Abadi’ portions and in reaches
prone to water logging.
(f) Providing 3.75m wide standard single lane pavements for new construction of village
roads in place of 3.0m wide roads to cater to both up and down traffic
simultaneously, conversion of BSSL Rural Roads (incl. roads of other
Departments) to standard single lane and inclusion of defect liability period of 5
years in the contracts is being proposed.
(g) Provision of Bridges, ROBs and by passes for smooth flow of traffic on Dept./PPP
basis.

Proposals for Eleventh Plan

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Up gradation of existing road network

55. As the State lags far behind in all category of roads i.e. SH, MDR, & ODR. Hence, up gradation of
existing category of roads to next higher category shall be done to achieve the relevant targets (Annexure
-4). The State Roads fulfilling the following criteria shall be upgraded to the relevant categories: -
Road Minm PCU CVD Land width (meters)
Classificatio Length Plains Mountainous
n (km) Region
Open Areas Built-up Areas Open Built-up
Areas Areas
Normal Range Normal Range Normal Normal
SH (Level-1) 200 10000 1500 45 30-60 30 30-60 24 20
SH 100 7000 450 45 30-60 30 30-60 24 20
MDR 40 2500 - 25 25-30 20 15-25 18 15
ODR 15 - - 15 15-25 15 15-20 15 12

56. Year wise targets for up gradation are as under:-

(Km.)
# Category of Road 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 Total
1 National Highway 490 490 490 490 490 2450
2 State Highway 1200 1200 1200 1200 1200 6000
3 Major District Roads 2960 2960 2960 2960 2960 14800
Total 4650 4650 4650 4650 4650 23250

Strengthening and Widening of existing roads

57. All single lane and intermediate lanes of State highways to be widened to at least two lane standards
and strengthened along with improvement in the riding quality. All single lane and 5.50m wide roads i.e.
4177 km. are proposed to be widened and strengthened at an approx. cost of Rs.3174 crore. The category
of roads and their respective widths is given in Annexure-5.

58. All existing single lane and intermediate lane MDRs to be improved, i.e. strengthened and widened to
at least two lane standards i.e. 6713 km. to be widened and strengthened at an approx. cost of Rs.5187
crore.

59. 20% existing single lane ODRs in high traffic density zone is to be improved, i.e. strengthened and
widened to intermediate lane standards according to traffic needs. It shall be achieved if 5170 km. is
widened and strengthened at an approx. cost of Rs.3052 crore. Likewise, 20% existing intermediate lane
ODRs to be improved, i.e. strengthened and widened to two lane standards according to traffic needs.
Towards this end, 403 km. of ODRs are proposed to be widened and strengthened at an approx. cost of
Rs.277 crore.

60. 30% existing double lane SHs to be improved by strengthening to cater higher traffic density. To
achieve this 1312 km. is to be widened and strengthened at an approx. cost of Rs.1079 crore. 20% existing

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double lane MDRs to be improved by strengthening in high traffic density areas i.e. 126 km. to be widened
and strengthened at an approx. cost of Rs.104 crore. 20% existing double lane ODRs to be improved and
strengthened i.e. 263 km. to be widened and strengthened at an approx. cost of Rs.216 crore.

Four laning of roads

61. Out of these strengthened double lane SH/MDR/ODR, about 1788 km road length will be identified to
provide connectivity to the Golden Quadrilateral, East West Corridor, North South Corridor & Railway
Freight Corridor will be four-laned at an approx. cost of Rs.2699 crore. (Annexure-9)

Bridges & Over-bridges

62. Bridges shall be constructed on important highways in order to reduce distance and traveling time
between two cities and to facilitate easy flow of traffic. Missing Bridges across State highways to be
constructed (197 bridges at an approx. cost Rs.895 crore). Distressed bridges on State highways and
important major district roads to be rehabilitated (6 bridges at an approx. cost of Rs.14 crore). Narrow
bridges on important state highways and major district roads to be widened (5 bridges at an approx. cost
Rs.11 crore).

63. Important Railway level crossing with traffic density above 1 lakh train vehicle units (TVU) to be
replaced by road over head bridges (34 ROBs at an approx. cost Rs.516 crore). Construction of flyovers in
important cities of the State is also proposed to be undertaken. District headquarters are proposed to be
provided bypasses at least for major traffic sectors or wherever major projects are coming up. An outlay of
Rs.50.00 crore is proposed.

Road Safety

64. Traffic safety measures e.g. improvement of road geometrics, construction of subways etc. at an
approximate cost of Rs.105 crore.

Public-Private-Partnership (PPP)

65. Private sector participation - Construction of overhead bridges, river bridges, bypasses and
expressways to be taken up under BOT. Six ROBs and 285 km. of economically viable roads are proposed
to be undertaken under PPP / BOT. (Annexure-10). In addition to this construction of Expressways is also
required, in order to facilitate fast vehicular traffic and reduce traveling time. Construction of such
expressways will be explored on the basis of BOT. State Government would explore the possibility of
constructing another expressway between Kanpur and Lucknow as a PPP project.

Maintenance of Road Network

66. Maintenance of existing road network - ensuring proper level of service for road users. Priority should
be to consolidate the existing network along with new addition. To achieve this, on going works should get

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high priority so as to reap maximum benefit at the earliest. To keep the existing infrastructure in good
condition, it is considered necessary to include Annual Repair Works of SH & MDRs in the Plan works.

Rural Roads

67. The existing Rural roads will be widened to standard single lane width of 3.75m along with
strengthening. The roads constructed by other departments have not been maintained by them and as a
result these roads have deteriorated fully. At present 143678 km roads are with other departments. Out of
this nearly 16% roads are with painted surface. These roads require special repair and immediate
maintenance. As per U.P. Road Development Policy 1998, all the roads including roads constructed by
other departments also are to be maintained by U.P. P.W.D. Hence, these roads will also be included in
the above programme provided these roads are handed over to PWD for maintenance purpose. 15000 km
of rural roads are proposed to be taken up during the Eleventh Plan at an approximate cost of Rs.2846.91
crore.

Roadside Plantation

68. The need for roadside plantation on rural roads has been emphasized time and again, but any attempt
in this direction without proper provision / enforcement for land acquisition will only be a futile exercise.
Specific provision should be made in the estimates for road construction projects for road side forestation /
tree plantation and the amount earmarked for the purpose be made available to the Forest Department by
the concerned department (PWD or any other department) and Forest Department should be made
responsible for the maintenance.

Roadside Amenities

69. Provision for passenger shelters should, compulsorily be made by the organization making rural and
district roads while planning for the roads passing through Gram Panchayats, Tehsil and Town areas. The
organization building / upgrading of National and State Highways should include ‘D’ curve with passenger
shelters on the Roads passing through cities, towns, town areas to avoid traffic congestions and allow
smooth running of the traffic. Trauma centers should also be planned at every hundred kilometre of road
length and telephone booths at every fifty kilometre on SH and MDRs.

Bypasses / Ring Roads

70. Construction of bypasses on SHs, MDRs where traffic has to pass through congested towns is also
essential. Such bypasses will be identified in the Eleventh Plan on the basis of preliminary surveys and
they will be constructed in a phased manner. Major towns having a population of more than 1 million,
need Ring Roads around them for better movement of traffic. Ring roads will be constructed in
consultation with the Housing Department and priority will be given to those towns where Local Bodies
will be willing to contribute 25% of the cost of the project. An amount of Rs.50 crore is being proposed
for the purpose.

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Computerized Monitoring System

71. It is evident that the task of connectivity and development of road network is gigantic and the
resources are limited. This cannot be achieved without preparing a comprehensive, planned phase wise
construction programme. For this it is necessary that special cell under a Chief Engineer should be
established for developing a computerized data bank of all the villages, habitations and road inventory
including traffic density details etc. of the state on the basis of actual survey as mentioned earlier in the
foregoing chapter. All the sanctions related to connectivity, construction or up gradation of SHs, MDRs,
ODRs etc. on the basis of pre-established priority on the basis of single connectivity/traffic density and
other parameters etc. should be routed through this data bank.

Manpower Management

72. Manpower management- To construct and maintain better roads, manpower is very essential.
Workload has been categorized by G.O. No. 1176 EG/23-5-05-25 EG/2005 Dated 14.7.2005 for different
divisions. According to this G.O., the workload of civil construction divisions has been fixed at Rs.12.00
crore per annum for the period up to 2009-10. Taking Plan outlay of about Rs.5000 crore per annum and
workload of Rs.12 core, 425 divisions are required. For this the required strength of Engineering
/Technical staff is much above the available staff with the department, which is shown in Annexure-6. The
average age of engineering staff is around 42 years. For the last 10 years no substantial fresh recruitment
has been done at JE and AE level. This aspect needs immediate redressal. Otherwise, along with the
shortage of the Engineering /Technical staff, the average age will also increase further in the coming years
and it will be difficult to transform the road sector in the State which is critical to the attainment of 10
percent economic growth rate during the Eleventh Plan.

ENERGY

Power Sector

73. Electricity is one of the key requirement for achieving economic, industrial, agriculture & social
development of the state. It plays an important role in improving the living standard of the people.
Therefore, increase in the supply of electricity and strengthening and augmentation of transmission and
distribution system has been a priority in the Tenth Plan and needs to be accorded priority in the Eleventh
Plan too.

74. Although the first power station in Uttar Pradesh was a Hydro station established in Galogi
(Mussoorie) district Dehradoon in the year 1906, the growth of the electrical infrastructure in the state has
been slow during pre-independence period and the thrust was mainly on providing electricity to the urban
areas. The planned growth in power sector commenced with the introduction of first five year plan in 1951.

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75. After formation of erstwhile UPSEB in April 1959, thermal projects were also taken up in a big way.
Commensurate Transmission and Distribution works were also started simultaneously. Growth of power
sector in the State in the last 55 years is depicted in the following tables.
Transmission & Distribution lines (Circuit Km.)
As on 800KV 400KV 220KV 132KV 66KV 33KV 11KV L.T.
31.3.51 - - - - 473 1426 6620 820
31.3.07 409 4163 6820 10578 3139 30226 214216 240595
Transmission & Distribution Sub-stations (No. / MVA)
As on 800KV 400KV 220KV 132KV 66&33KV
31.03.19 - - - - NA
51
31.03.20 - 14 / 7930 48 / 12570 213 / 15755 1905 / 16277
06
Generating Capacity
As on Installed Capacity in MW
Thermal Hydel
31.03.1951 161 26
31.03.2007 3987 522.5

Demand and supply position of Electricity in the State

76. During the Tenth Plan, the demand for electricity and its availability is as given in the following table:
Year Demand in MU Peak demand(MW)
As per EPS Availability As per EPS Availability
2002-03 48304 36459 7741 5100
2003-04 51778 41007 8307 5405
2004-05 55513 42783 8916 5913
2005-06 59493 45732 9563 6213
2006-07 63723 50922 10245 8000

77. Per Capita consumption of electricity is treated as a strong indicator of development of a society. As
per CEA report, per capita consumption in Uttar Pradesh during 2004-05 was 202.3 Kwh against all India
average of 411.04 Kwh, which indicates that availability of electric energy in the State is very low.
Keeping in view this imbalance, an ambitious programme of increasing generation and system
augmentation has been made for Eleventh Plan.

U.P. Power Sector Restructuring and Reforms

78. Uttar Pradesh is one of the first few states to embark on reform in electricity sector. The reform
process started in the year 1998 with the formation of independent Electricity Regulatory Commission in

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September 1998 under Electricity Regulatory Commission Act, 1998 of Government of India. The main
objectives and highlights of aims and working of UPPERC are as under:
(a) To create a regulatory environment that would promote transparency, efficiency and
economy in the operations and management of power utilities.
(b) To encourage competition and attract private investment for the development of power
sector while appropriately safeguarding the interest of consumers.
(c) Co-Gen policy: For sale / purchase of power from captive / Co-Gen plant, the
commission has framed Regulation as "UPREC (Terms & Conditions for supply of
Power & fixation of Tariff for sale of power from Captive Generating plants, Co-
generation, Renewable Sources of energy & other non Conventional Sources of
Energy & other non Conventional Sources of Energy Based Plant to a Distribution
Licensee) Regulation, 2005.
(d) Line Loss assessment: To have an independent assessment of the factual position of
line losses, UPERC is conducting a loss study in all Four Discoms as per guidelines
of national Tariff Policy & National Electricity Policy. Efforts are made to reduce
the line losses at each level.

79. For better accountability the erstwhile U.P. State Electricity Board was divided into three corporations
namely U.P. Rajya Vidyut Utpadan Nigam Ltd. (UPRVUNL), U.P. Jal Vidyut Nigam Ltd. (UPJVNL) and
U.P. Power Corporation Ltd.(UPPCL) w.e.f. 14.1.2000.

80. In distribution segment, Kanpur Electricity Supply Company (KESCO) was created to look after the
distribution in Kanpur city. The following distribution companies were also formed by Government of
Uttar Pradesh on 12.8.2003:
(a) Paschimanchal Vidyut Vitran Nigam Ltd. for Meerut, Saharanpur and Moradabad
distribution zones.
(b) Madhyanchal Vidyut Vitran Nigam Ltd. for Bareilly, Lucknow, LESA and Faizabad
distribution zones.
(c) Dakshinanchal Vidyut Vitran Nigam Ltd. for Agra, Kanpur and Jhansi distribution
zones.
(d) Purvanchal Vidyut Vitran Nigam Ltd. for Allahabad, Varanasi, Gorakhpur and
Azamgarh distribution zones.
The UPERC has also approved "U.P. Electricity Supply Code-2005" (Distribution Code).

81. A separate Transmission Company has also been created in the State to cater to transmission business.
Further, input based franchisee scheme has been started in the villages under ‘Rajiv Gandhi Gramin
Vidyutikaran Yojana’.

Important steps taken during Tenth Plan

82. Some of the major steps taken during Tenth Plan in the State are as under:

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 (a) In 2003 GoUP declared the new Power policy with a host of objectives in mind. The
first and foremost was to involve private sector in all segments of power sector.
The policy announced major fiscal concessions to new entrepreneurs. The policy
also announced 100% electrification of villages, use of bio- mass for energy
generation and tap all renewable energy sources...
(b) The policy has started bearing fruits. Reliance Energy has taken up a gas based project
of 7640 MW at Dadri District Ghaziabad. Anpara C of 1000 M.W. capacity has
been awarded on competitive bidding basis. This is India’s first project which has
been awarded on Competitive Bidding Guidelines.
(c) The revised Power Purchase Agreement and Revised Implementation Agreement
relating to Thermal Generating station at Rosa (2x600 MW )and Hydro Electric
Project at Sri Nagar (3x110 MW ) have been executed and the work on both these
projects has started.
(d) Major steps have been taken to reduce line losses and improve collection efficiency,
electromechanical meters have been replaced with electronic meters. Accelerated
Power Development and Reform Programme (APDRP) is being implemented in
various towns of Uttar Pradesh . Table of APDRP programme is given separately.
(e) U.P. Electricity Regulatory Commission (UPERC) established in September 1999.
Tariff order for Financial Year 2000-01, 2001-02, 2002-03, 2003-04 and 2004-05
have been issued by UPERC.
(f) Under ‘Rajiv Gandhi Gramin Vidyutikaran Yojana’ has been started in the year 2005
and electrification of 100% villages is in progress. Uttar Pradesh has electrified
highest number of villages under this scheme.
(g) Energy accounting system has been introduced and made effective to curb theft and
losses.
(h) Renovation and modernization of thermal Power Plants have been taken up in order to
improve generation PLF of thermal plants. Similarly the R&M of Hydro Power
plants has also been taken up and would be completed before the end of Eleventh
Five Year Plan.
(i) For implementation of Reforms activities World Bank Loan No. IN 4545 amounting to
US $ 150 million was sanctioned whose details are given separately.

Impact of Restructuring and Reforms

83. The study of various works executed financed by World Bank was carried out in March 2005. The
study revealed the following benefits:
(a) Installation of capacitors brought improvement in voltage.
(b) Addition of transformer capacity has resulted in reduction of tripping cases due to over
loading.

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 (c) Construction of new transmission lines has resulted in reduction of transmission losses
and over loading of lines.
(d) Installation of new distribution transformers has resulted in reduction in transformer
damage rate which improved reliability of supply.

Growth in Power sector during Tenth Plan

Thermal Generation

84. The demand for electricity is increasing continuously. Due to increasing gap in the demand and
availability of electricity, the productivity of agricultural, industrial and other fields is being adversely
affected. For improvement in availability of power, U.P. Rajya Vidyut Utpadan Nigam has prepared
proposals for renovation and modernization of old generating stations and extension of its existing Power
Stations.
(a) At present the installed capacity of Thermal Generating Station is 3987 MW. One unit
of 210 MW at Parichha power station has been commissioned but has not started
commercial production and has therefore not been included in installed capacity.
(b) Out of 4 Nos. sanctioned R&M schemes of Anpara, Panki and Parichha under
Accelerated Power Development Programme of G.O.I., the R&M schemes of
Anpara A TPS costing Rs.26.10 crore and Pager scheme of Parichha costing
Rs.8.02 crore and R&M scheme of Parichha TPS costing Rs.32.80 crore have
already been completed on 31-03-2004, 31-03-2006 and 30-6-2006 respectively.
In case of Anpara R&M scheme, the expected improvement in P.L.F. to the value
of 75% has been achieved and in case of Panki & Parichha R&M scheme, the
improvement in P.L.F. to the level of 55% & 60% respectively has been achieved.
(c) Work in R&M schemes costing Rs.55.34 crore of Unit no. 5 & 7 of Harduaganj TPS is
under progress. This scheme has been sanctioned under Accelerated Generation
and Supply Programme of G.O.I. The total expenditure incurred on the scheme is
Rs.44.54 crore. Work on unit no.7 (110 MW) has been completed and the work on
unit No.5 (60 MW) is expected to be completed by 31.05.07 and after completion
of this scheme, unit no. 5 is expected to be re-commissioned. After commissioning
of unit no. 5 (60 MW), the average PLF is expected to be 53%.
(d) Work on R&M schemes for the units of Anpara A TPS (3x210 MW) costing Rs.68.96
crore is under progress. Loan agreement with PFC amounting to Rs.55.17 crore has
been signed. Balance amount of Rs.13.79 crore has been received from U.P.
Government The scheme is proposed to be completed by Sept 30, 2007 and after
completion of the scheme, PLF of refurbished units is expected to reach up to
75%.
(e) R&M scheme for unit no.6 (100 MW) of Obra TPS, costing Rs.52.47 crore is under
progress. PFC have sanctioned loan of Rs.42.00 crore and loan agreement has been

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 signed. Scheme is proposed to be completed by 31-12-2007 and after completion
of this scheme, PLF of unit is expected to improve from 34.69% to 60%.
Available Generation Capacity at the end of Tenth Five Year Plan:
Thermal Power

85. Uttar Pradesh has the following installed capacity available to it from its own generating stations, IPPs
and Central Sector projects:-

Source/Power Station Capacity (MW) UP's Share (MW)

UPRVUNL 3987 3987
UPJVNL 522 522
NTPC 11683 3145
NHPC 2774 500
Natpha Jhakri 1500 221
NPCIL(Nuclear) 840 204
Tehri Hydro 1000 374
Vishnu Prayag 400 352
TOTAL 22706 9305

Hydro Generation

86. Hydro Power Generation capacity in Uttar Pradesh is very low as most of the hydro plants were
located in Uttarakhand and all these plants with installed capacity of around 1000 MW have been
transferred to Uttarakhand.

87. During Tenth Plan, UP Jal Vidyut Nigam had proposed 4 Small Hydro Power Projects, of 12 MW
capacity but all these Small Hydro Projects were assessed to be non-profitable by PIB of the State
Government and therefore were shelved. Maneri Bhali Stage-II (304 MW) and Lakhwar Vyasi (420 MW)
proposed under Tenth Plan, being located in Uttaranchal, now fall under the jurisdiction of Government of
Uttaranchal. Sheetla Small Hydro Power Project (3.6 MW) on Betwa Canal in Distt. Jhansi proposed under
Tenth Five Year Plan has commenced generation.

88. Renovation and modernization work on old Hydro Electric Power Stations – Rihand (300 MW), Obra
(99 MW), Matatila (30 MW) and Upper Ganga Canal SHPs-Nirgajini (5 MW), Chittaura (3 MW), Salawa
(3 MW), Bhola (2.7 MW) is under progress and is proposed to be completed during Eleventh Five Year
Plan.

Other Sources of Generation

89. In the private sector Vishnu Prayag Hydro Project has been completed and commissioned by Jai
Prakash Power Ventures Ltd. After deducting 12% free power to Uttaranchal, Uttar Pradesh is getting 352
MW power from this project. Revised PPA for 330 MW Srinagar Hydro Project has been signed with
Alaknanda Hydro Power Company Ltd (GVK Group).Work on this project has started. Revised PPA for
Rosa power Station has also been signed for installation of Roja Thermal Power Station. Earlier this power

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station was planned with 600 MW capacity but now the project has been taken over by Reliance Energy
group and the capacity of the project has been enhanced to 1200 MW.

90. For the construction of 3740 MW gas based combined cycle power station at Dadri, State support
agreement has been signed and land has also been made available to developer .The project is held up due
to gas supply agreement not being cleared by Ministry of Petroleum Government of India.

91. In joint sector 1000 MW Tehri Hydro project has been completed in which U.P‘s Investment is 25%
and share in power is 374 MW.

Co-generation

92. During Tenth Plan, 150 MW capacity has been added in the state by sugar industries. At present 296
MW is available from co-generators and further capacity of 576 MW is proposed.

Transmission system

93. During Tenth Plan period, achievement in transmission is as under:-

# Particular Unit Achievement Tenth Plan

1 Transmission Sub-station
400 KV No/MVA 4/2520
220 KV No/MVA 11/2320
132 KV No/MVA 28/2182
2 Transmission Line
400 KV Ckt Km. 721
220 KV Ckt Km. 817
132 KV Ckt Km. 965

Distribution System

94. Year wise target and achievements of distribution works during Tenth Plan are outlined in the Table
below:

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 Item / Unit Tenth Annual Plan Annual Plan Annual Plan Annual Plan 2006-07
Works Plan 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 Achievement
Target

Ach.

Ach.

Ach.

Ach.

Ach.
Target

Target

Target

Target

Target
A 33 KV
. Works
1. 33 KV Ckt. 2330 360 585 500 355 500 369 500 520 500 675
Lines Km.
2. New 33 Nos. 385 60 50 85 40 80 29 80 48 80 130
KV
S/S MVA 1975 300 265 425 263 450 154 400 247 450 756
3. Augmentati Nos. 630 100 98 140 95 140 93 125 68 120 200
on
MVA 1930 300 339 430 319 450 322 380 262 400 767
B 11KV
Works
1 11KV lines CKt. Km 5950 1200 2499 1200 800 1225 6482 1200 3548 2500 4575
2 New 11KV Nos. 4095 750 4004 775 683 870 5267 850 6242 1000 3686
S/s
MVA 465 90 162 90 76 95 211 95 236 100 249
3 Augmentati Nos. 5165 900 1120 1055 626 1100 599 1070 670 1000 1698
on
MVA 620 100 100 115 153 125 112 120 90 150 193
C LT Lines Ckt. 2620 900 1593 445 438 450 1596 425 1216 300 1128
Km.
D Installation MVAR 403 70 7 85 26 240 2 83 160 83
of 11KV
capacitors

Village Electrification

95. During the Tenth Plan, the target of village electrification was 42184 villages against which 11984
villages have been electrified by end of March 2006. Under the definition of Rajiv Gandhi Gramin
Vidyutikaran Yojana, 28830 village were identified as un-electrified in 2005 and proposed for
electrification by the end of Tenth Plan.
Target & Achievement of RE works during Tenth Plan
# Description X 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07
Plan Target Ach. Target Ach. Target Ach. Target Ach. Ach.

1 Electrification of 42184 3371 1780 3371 384 6000 2128 6000 7692 16625
villages by LT
mains (HVDS)

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2 Electrification of 42184 3371 1839 3371 428 6000 2440 6000 7720 16777
Anusuchit Jati
Basties
3 Energisation of 50000 11718 12911 10000 6309 10000 6820 6000 12827 30002
PTW

96. Out of 42276 villages electrified in the entire country during Tenth Plan, 24123 villages (57.60%)
were electrified in Uttar Pradesh alone which is highest in the country.
RGGVY 2005-06 2006-07 Total
U.P. 7498 16625 24123
All India 42276

APDRP

97. In the Tenth Plan the provision of Rs.1512.20 crore was made for improvement of distribution system
in Urban areas under the scheme of Government of India called APDRP. During the Tenth Plan period,
only 36 schemes amounting to Rs.1091 crore for 29 District of U.P. have been sanctioned by the
Government of India. Initially 50 % was to be financed by Government of India but later on it was revised
and reduced to 25% only. Till 31st March 2007, Rs.293 crore was sanctioned by Government of India, the
remaining amount of admissible assistance would be utilized in 2007-08. A sample study of AT&C losses
revealed that the implementation of the scheme has resulted in reduction of losses varying from 8 % and to
1.5%.

World Bank Financing

98. The strengthening of sub transmission and distribution projects has been implemented with the
assistance provided by World Bank. The following schemes were financed under the World Bank loan No.
IN 4545 for an amount of US $ 150 million:
(a) Scheme for installation of electronic meters (Distribution) – Rs.255 crore has been
financed by World Bank against sanctioned cost of Rs.328 crore.

(b) Scheme for System Improvement of LESA (Distribution) and Schemes for Distribution
System Improvement – Rs.175 crore has been financed by World Bank against
sanctioned cost of Rs.259 crore.

(c) Scheme for strengthening of Transmission System – Rs.214 crore has been financed by
World Bank against sanctioned cost of Rs.291 crore.

(d) Schemes for installation of Boundary Meters (Transmission) – Rs.23 crore has been
financed by World Bank against sanctioned cost of Rs.28 crore.

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 (e) Scheme for Consultancy and other works – Rs.44 crore has been financed by World
Bank against sanctioned cost of Rs.44 crore.

(f) Voluntary Retirement Scheme (Officials) – Rs.25 crore has been financed by World
Bank against sanctioned cost of Rs.25 crore.

99. Against the total sanctioned cost of Rs.975 crore, Rs.736 crore was proposed to be financed by World
Bank and Rs.239 crore by the Corporation / Govt. of U.P.

100. The financial and physical progress of the aforesaid World Bank financed schemes are as under:

A. Financial Progress

# Work Rs. in Crore

A Transmission 259.832
B Distribution 561.751
(i) Meter (293.7733
(ii) LESA Work 114.6044
(iii) 33/11 KV and other L.T. Works 153.3733)
C Consultancy and others 38.3625
Total 859.9455

101. Against 150 Million US$ World Bank Loan, 145.3778 Million US$ (96.92%) has been utilized.
The World Bank has rated the project performance as “satisfactory” in their completion report.

B. Physical Progress

Transmission Work
A. 2 nos. 315 MVA transformers have been commissioned at 400 KV Substation, Muzaffarnagar
and 18.73 Km LILO of 400 KV Rishikesh Muradnagar line at Muzaffarnagar S/s has been
energised. 220 KV, New sub-stations of Shatabdi Nagar (Meerut) 2x (100+40) MVA, Allahabad
Cantt (2x100) MVA, Hardoi Road, Lucknow 2x(100+20) MVA and Deoria (1x100) MVA have
been energised.
B. 132 KV sub-stations of Martine Purva, Lucknow (2x40) MVA and Khurram Nagar, Lucknow
(2x20) MVA have been energised. Capacity augmentations from 20 to 40 MVA of total 10 nos.
sub-stations of 132 KV of Gajraula, Sardhana, Raja-Ka-Talab, Nirpura, Azamgarh, Siyana,
Atrauli, Mazra, Azadnagar and Deoband have been done. Besides, capacity augmentations, by
adding second 20 MVA Transformers, have also been done of the 132 KV sub-stations of Kerakat,

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 Handia, Gopiganj, Chhibramau, Mohammdabad, Sirathu, Khatuali, Dalmau, Ghatampur and
Shamli.

Distribution Work
(a) 30 nos. Capacitor banks of 10 MVAR capacity have been installed for voltage
improvement at 33 KV level. 14,50,500 electronic energy meters have been
installed for proper metering of the electric power. Total 1270 electronic boundary
meters have been installed.
(b) 375 250 KVA and 891 100 KVA distribution transformers have been installed in other
areas of the State besides Lucknow. 48 / 8 / 32 / 1 nos. 33 / 11 KV transformers of
10 / 8 / 5 / 3 MVA respectively have also been installed. 1000 Km lines of 33 KV
& 11 KV have been constructed for improvement in the distribution network.
(c) 12/12/4/13 nos. 33/11 KV capacity transformers of 15/10/8/5 MVA respectively have
been installed to improve the distribution system in Lucknow city (LESA) also.
Work of underground LT cable laying of 47 Km of 33 KV, 70 Km of 11 KV and
525 Km have been completed. 636 nos. 11/0.4 KV transformers of different
capacities have been installed in Lucknow town.

Other Activities

102. Some of the major other works carried out during Tenth Plan are as under:
(a) More than 25 lakh mechanical meters replaced by electronic meters.
(b) Meters installed on all the 11 KV Feeders.
(c) Installation of meters on Distribution Transformers in Urban Area started.
(d) Double metering of Heavy Power consumers, Ice factories and Cold storage started.
(e) Automated Meter Reading of industrial consumers started as Pilot project.
(f) Franchising of work of Meter reading, Bill distribution and Revenue collection in few
districts as pilot project
(g) AT&C Losses from 52.92 % in 2001-02 brought down to 43% in 2005 -06 and further
reduction of 4% during 2006-07.

103. Due to increase in electricity demand under various categories in the state, it has not been possible
to keep pace with the rapid growth in demand primarily due to resource constraints. Therefore, there is an
urgent need to augment generation capacity to keep pace with the industrial growth and increasing demand
of the State in the coming decades.

A. Financial

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 104. The details of Tenth Plan outlay and Year-wise releases up to March 2006 and tentative
expenditure up to 2006-07 is shown in Table -1. In the Tenth Plan, an outlay of Rs.9082.49 crore was
agreed against which an expenditure of Rs. 5724.18 crore was incurred under the Sector.

105. The Internal Resource position was as under:-

(Rs.in crore)
# Name of 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 Pre 2005-06 2006-07
Company Actual Actual (Provisinal) Revised
1 UPPCL -2614.71 -1724.39 221.549 447.32 (58.39) (933.63) 34.97

2 UPRVUNL -387.36 -297.61 -309.271 (371.68) (291.74) (414.06) 9.45

3 UPJVNL -50.71 -35.42 2.140 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Total -3054.78 -1986.58 -85.582 75.65 (350.13) (1347.69) 44.42

106. The cost of generation / power purchase per kw / h from the various sectors in the past three years
has been as under :-

# Name of the Sector

Cost (Rs. Per Unit)
2004- 2006-07
2003-04
05 2005-06
1 Central Sector (including UI) 1.99 2.39 2.25
1.57
2 State Sector 1.73 1.71 1.77
1.51
3 Co-gen 2.81 2.74 2.91
2.66
4 Bilateral Purchase 3.04 3.10 4.81
-
5 IPP - - 2.55
-
6 Average Rate 1.88 2.13 2.11
1.55

107. The average tariff in the above three years approved by SERC for different categories was as
under: -

# Tariff (Rs. per Unit)

Major Consumer Category
2003-04 2004-05 2005-06& 2006-07
1 1.91 2.16 1.99
Domestic
2 3.15 3.08 3.54
Commercial
3 1.03 1.02 1.14
PTW
4 4.57 4.49 4.32
Small & Medium

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 5 4.35 4.40 4.48
Large & Heavy
6 4.51 4.36 3.93
Railways
7 2.20 2.25 2.44
STW
8 3.71 3.70 3.51
Public Institutions

108. The energy sector still needs major reforms all over the country and U.P. is not an exception. We
still need to improve our plant load factor, check on theft of electricity, reduction of T&D losses, consumer
identification through GIS, proper billing and consumer services, which includes quantitative and reliable
power supply & fulfillment of quantitative requirement.

Bottlenecks in meeting the Energy requirement

109. The main reasons for shortfall in supply of electricity is that, in the last 12 years no power plant
has been established in the State Sector, whereas the demand in general and for rural areas in particular is
increasing day by day. One of the major factors contributing to the shortage of electricity in the State is
irrational allocation of power from Central Generating Stations. U.P. is the biggest State of country in
terms of area, population and revenue, but the allocation from Central Sector is not based on these
parameters.

The Eleventh Plan (2007-12)

110. Energy Demand & Supply

111. Load forecasting is a critical element of electric power utility planning. The purpose of energy
demand forecasting is to estimate the likely future demand to serve as the basis for supply planning. After
the creation of DISCOMS, need for a DISCOM wise and consumer category wise sale forecast was felt.
The need for geographically disaggregated load forecast for the State was also felt for effective
transmission planning. As such UPPCL developed its own load forecast model which could be updated on
an annual basis or whenever the need arose. The forecast methodology uses a combination of time series
method, econometric method, end-use method, input-output models etc. for making forecast for different
consumer categories. The previous two tariff filings of UPPCL and the DISCOMs have been based on
UPPCL’s own forecast. In this context for the purpose of Eleventh Five Year Plan of UP (2007-12), the
peak demand and the energy availability requirements for the State, UPPCL’s own forecast has been used.

112. The anticipated Power demand for Eleventh Five Year Plan in terms of energy and peak demand
has been assessed as under:
Forecast for Eleventh Plan Period
Financial Year Annual Energy Availability (MU) Annual Peak Demand (MW)
2008 51900 8971
2009 53714 10017

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 2010 58238 11188
2011 68433 12495
2012 81778 13947

113. In order to meet the above peak demand, we need to add generation capacity. It may be noted that
if quality power becomes available, demand for power in the State could grow exponentially and the
aforesaid forecast may turn out to be gross underestimates. Hence, there is urgent need to make heavy
investment in power generation and distribution in the State. Following plan has been made for generation
augmentation.

Thermal Generation

STATE SECTOR
Name of Project & Capacity Likely Date of Benefits in Benefits in
# Location (in MW ) Commissioning Tenth Plan Eleventh Plan
(Capacity (Capacity
Addition ) MW Addition ) MW
A STATE SECTOR
1. Harduaganj Extn., 2x250 I- Unit-10/2009 -- 500
Aligarh II-Unit 2/2010
2. Parichha Extn.Stage- 2x250 I-Unit 7/2009 -- 500
II. Jhansi. II-Unit 11/2009
3. Anpara D 2x500 I-Unit 7/2010 -- 1000
Sonebhadra. II-Unit 1/2011
4. Obra Extn. 2x500 2011-13 1000
Sonebhadra.
5. Parichha Extn. Stage- 2x210 Commissioned 210 210
I ,TPS
6. Anpara’E’,TPS 2x800 2012-16 -- 1600
7. Mata Tila TPS,Jhansi 2x500 2012-16 -- 1000
8. Others 2x500+ 2012-16 -- 1500
1x500
9. Panki TPS,Kanpur 1x250 2012-16 -- 250
10 Obra TPS,Sonebhada 1x500 2012-16 -- 500
Total 8060

114. The present status of projects under execution and proposed new projects are as under:

1. 2x250 MW Harduaganj Extn. Thermal Power Project (Coal based)

(h) It is proposed to install 2x250 MW Coal based Units at Harduaganj Thermal
Power Project. Technical feasibility of project has already been completed. Detail
project reports have been received from M/s Mantech Pvt. Ltd., EIA study work
have also been completed by M/s BHEL.

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 (i) Government of Uttar Pradesh have decided to place the order of main equipment
i.e. BTG work to M/s BHEL through negotiation. After negotiation and approval
of State Government, LOI has been placed to M/s BHEL for Rs.1224.00 crore for
Boiler, Turbine, Generator along with their civil works. For these works,
Rs.160.20 crore have been released to M/s BHEL as 15% advance money on
07.09.2006 and thereafter Zero date of project have also been decided as
07.09.2006. Total Cost of the Project is Rs.1900.00 crore. 70% of this project cost
amounting to Rs.1330.00 crore has been sanctioned by PFC. The remaining 30%
amounting to Rs.570.00 crore will be provided by U.P. Government as equity.
Moreover PFC has also given Rs.60.20 crore as advance against this Loan and
U.P. Government has also given Rs.100.00 crore during 2006-07. The remaining
Rs.470.00 crore will be provided during the Eleventh Plan. Coal linkage has
already been allotted by M/s CCL. Water is already available for the project.
Clearances have already been received from U.P.P.C.B. and NOC has also been
obtained from India Air Port Authority for chimney.
(j) First Unit is scheduled to be commissioned in 37 months from zero date and 2nd
unit is scheduled to be commissioned in 41 months from zero date. After the
commissioning of both the units of this project, U.P. Government shall get 3504
MU energy at 80% PLF per year.

2. 2x250 MW Parichha Extn. Thermal Power Project (Coal based)

(k) It is proposed to install 2x250 MW Coal based Project Parichha Thermal Power
Project. Technical feasibility of project has already been completed. Detail project
reports have been received from M/s Desein Pvt. Ltd., New-Delhi. EIA study
works have also been completed by M/s BHEL.
(l) State Government has decided to place order of main equipment i.e. BTG work to M/s
BHEL through negotiation. After negotiation and approval of U.P. Government,
LOI has been placed to M/s BHEL for Rs.1224.00 crore for Boiler, Turbine,
Generator along with their civil works. For these works Rs.160.20 crore have been
released to M/s BHEL as 15% advance money on 04.08.2006 and thereafter Zero
date of project have also been decided as 04.08.2006. Total Cost of the Project is
Rs.1900.00 crore. 70% of this project Cost amounting to Rs.1330.00 crore have
been sanctioned by PFC. The balance 30% amounting to Rs.570.00 crore will be
provided by U.P. Government as equity. Moreover PFC has also given Rs.60.20
crore as advance against this Loan and U.P. Government has also given Rs.100.00
crore during 2006-07. The remaining Rs.470.00 crore will be provided during the
Eleventh Plan. Coal linkage has already been allotted by M/s BCCL. The clearance
have already been received from U.P.P.C.B. and NOC has also been obtained from
India Air Port Authority for chimney .
(m) First Unit is scheduled to be commissioned in 35 months from zero date and 2 nd unit is
scheduled to be commissioned in 39 months from zero date. After the

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 commissioning of both the units of this project, the state shall get 3504 MU energy
at 80% PLF per year.
3. 2x500 MW Anpara ‘D’ Thermal Power Project
(n) 2x500 MW Anpara ‘D’ (Coal based) Thermal Power Project is proposed to install
2x500MW coal based units at Anpara power station. This project is proposed to be
established under state sector by UPRVUNL.
(o) With an aim to install the units at the earliest the work of Boiler, Turbine & Generator
including station C & I and related civil works may be awarded to M/s BHEL
through negotiation & balance of plant work may be decided through open tender.
BHEL was requested to submit their offer for BTG & related civil works. BHEL
submitted their scope for BTG & civil works which has been finalized & BHEL
shall submit their offer after finalization of technical parameters.
(p) Work for conducting environmental impact studies of these units has been placed on
M/S Pollution Control Research Institute, unit of M/S B H E L, Haridwar. Final
Rapid EIA report received from M/s BHEL and application has been lodged with
U.P. Pollution Control Board for NOC. Water required for this project is proposed
to be taken from Rihand Reservoir. The site of the project is near coal mines of
NCL, and as such this project comes under ‘Pit Head Station’ category. The
estimated cost of the project is approximately Rs. 5167 crore, 30% of which shall
be UP Government equity (i.e. Rs.1550 vrore).
(q) On completion of this project the installed capacity shall increase by 1000 MW and
annual electricity generation shall increase by 7008 MU at 80% PLF.

Renovation & Modernization / Refurbishment Schemes

115. At present the cost of construction of new thermal power station comes out to about Rs.4 crore /
MW whereas cost of Renovation & Modernisation of the old Power Stations comes out in the range of
Rs.0.8 to 1.25 crore / MW depending upon the period the units have already run and the condition of the
power stations. Due to acute shortage of resources for new power plants, Government of India encouraged
the Renovation & Modernization work in all the existing plants to improve their performance. Physical
status of various R&M / Refurbishment schemes of UPRVUNL is given below :

116. Following R&M /Refurbishment schemes for the Thermal units of UPRVUNL are being
implemented for acceleration of Power Generation:-

A) Refurbishment schemes
(1) Refurbishment of 5x50 MW units of A TPS Obra:
(a) A contract agreement has been signed with M/S Techno Prome Export Russia on 5 th
February, 2003. Refurbishment work of unit no. 1 and 2 is being done by M/S
TPE. Refurbishment work on unit no. 1 and 2 is expected to be completed by 31-5-

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 2007 and 30-4-2007 respectively. Exemption from statutary clearance of boiler of
unit no. 1 & 2 has been obtained from Government of U.P. After commissioning of
these units, additional generation of 100 MW is expected along with 15 years life
extension of these units. Total expenditure incurred to date is Rs.184.99 cr.

(2) Refurbishment schemes of units of 5x200 MW of Obra B TPS:-

(a) Refurbishment work on units of 1000 MW capacity (5x200M.W.)) of Obra ‘B TPS is
to be carried out by M/S BHEL against refurbishment scheme, costing Rs.1635.00
crore. LOI in favor of M/S BHEL has been issued in month of May 2006. An
advance of Rs.117.50 crore has also been given to M/S BHEL.M/S PFC has
sanctioned the loan amounting to Rs.1308.00 crore in month of November 2006.
Refurbishment work is expected to be completed in 30 months. Zero date of
scheme is 20.06.2006.The contract agreement between UPRVUNL and M/s BHEL
for the above work has been signed on 21-02-2007. M/S N.T.P.C. has been
appointed as consultant for supervision of above refurbishment work. After
completion of refurbishment scheme, the average PLF of these units is expected to
improve up to 80% inclusive of 15 years life extension of these units.

(B) R&M Schemes:

(a) Work in R&M schemess costing to Rs.55.34 crore of Unit no.5&7 of Harduaganj TPS
is under progress. This scheme has been sanctioned under Accelerated Generation
and Supply Programme of G.O.I. The total expenditure incurred on the scheme is
Rs.44.54 crore. Work on unit no.7 (110 MW) has been completed and the work on
unit No.5 (60 MW) is expected to be completed up to 31.05.07 and after
completion of scheme, unit no. 5 is expected to be re-commissioned.. After
commissioning of unit no. 5 (60 MW) the average PLF is expected to be 53%.
(b) Work on R&M schemes for the units of Anpara A TPS (3x210 MW) costing to
Rs.68.96 crore is under progress. Loan agreement with PFC. amounting to
Rs.55.17 crore has been signed. Remaining amount Rs.13.79 crore has been
received from U.P. Government. Works of the scheme are proposed to be
completed by 30th September, 2007 and after completion of this scheme, PLF of
unit is expected to be reach up to 75%. Total expenditure incurred on the scheme is
Rs.17.17 crore.
(c) Action against R&M scheme for unit no.6 (100 MW), costing Rs.52.47 crore is under
progress. M/s PFC have sanctioned loan of Rs.42.00 crore and loan agreement has
been signed with PFC. Scheme is proposed to be completed by 31-12-2007 and
after completion of this scheme, PLF of unit is expected to improve from 34.69%
to 60%. Work on scheme is under progress & total expenditure incurred is Rs.
31.00 crore.

117. Provision for investment of Rs.42201.79 crore has been made for Thermal Power Projects during
Eleventh Plan (Table-2)

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Generation from Central Sector

118. At present, the total entitled Capacity from NTPC is 3145 MW. In addition to existing generation,
UP is also entitled to share generation (123MW) from Kahalgaon St-II Phase-I & II and 189 MW from
Koldam. Uttar Pradesh is also entitled to share generation (582 MW) from NHPC project. Negotiations
for purchase of 200MW power from Gas based project of ONGC, Tripura (through PTC) is currently in
progress.

Generation from IPPs

119. Seven Power Stations are being proposed in the Eleventh Plan in Private sector:
1. Anpara’C’ (2*500MW)
2. Rosa Thermal Power Project (2*600MW)
3. Reliance gas based Dadri Project (5800MW) UP share of 2320MW in this project.
4. Tata Group has proposed for installation of 1000MW thermal power station in Chola District
Bulandshahar of which U.P. will get 400 MW Power.
5. Besides this 600 MW capacity from Co-generation is also expected to be added in EleventhPlan.
6. Srinagar Hydro Project (330MW) U.P. share 290 MW.
7. Karcham-WT (IPP-Hydro) 1000 MW, U.P. Share 400MW.

120. Thermal generation capacity addition to the system during Eleventh Plan period (Table-3).

New Power Projects

121. With a view to encourage private participation in the energy sector, Government of Uttar Pradesh
has initiated the installation of 4000 MW Pit Head Thermal Power Projects in the State. The Central
Government through its tariff guidelines has banned the purchase of energy from private agencies through
MOU route. In line with the Ultra Mega Power Projects being established in the Central Sector, the
Government of U.P. has approved the installation of three thermal power houses out of which two will be
in the Allahabad District and one in Sonebhadra District. The capacity of the thermal power houses may
vary from 1000 MW to 2000 MW.

122. It may be mentioned that in the meeting of Energy Task Force held on 29.9.06 it had been decided
that the new thermal power projects would be established with the participation of private parties based on
competitive bidding as incorporated and envisaged in Ultra Mega Power Projects being installed in the
Central Sector. The Cabinet decided that it may be explored as to which is the most appropriate place in
which new power stations could be installed like Dopaha and Delpani in District Sonebhadra, Chola in
District Bulandshehar, Tanda in District Ambedker Nagar, Jawaharpur in District Etah, Partabpur in

[ 235 ]
District Allahabad, Shankergarh in District Banda. After exploration three new power projects may be
installed at the most appropriate places initially.

123. Accordingly, action has been initiated for land acquisition by District Magistrate of Allahabad and
Sonebhadra and is in full swing. Further, the Irrigation Department has confirmed the availability of water
for these projects. A request has also been made to the Secretary (Coal), Ministry of Coal, Government of
India, for allotment of Coal Blocks/Coal Linkage for these projects. Additionally, in tandem with the
procedures adopted in the Central sector wherein the Power Finance Corporation had formed Shell
Companies (temporary companies) for the Ultra Mega Project, U.P. Government has also formed three
shell companies with initial investment of Rs.10.00 crore which shall be spent initially by UPPCL.

124. For the selection of Developer based on competitive bidding, action has been initiated for
appointment of Consultant. Bids have been invited from the firms, which have been short listed, as
consultants, by Power Finance Corporation, for installation of Ultra Mega Power Projects in the Central
Sector. The appointment of the consultant shall be finalized shortly. It is accepted that the appointment of
the Developer would be made approximately within 8 to 10 months from now.

Hydro Generation

125. Due to inadequate water resources in the State, the feasibility of Hydro Electric Power Projects is
very less and only one small project 2x15 MW at DHUKWA on the toe of Dhukwa Dam on river Betwa
has been proposed, subject to no objection of M.P. Government due to Betwa river being inter-state river.

126. The renovation and modernization work on old Hydro Electric Power Stations – Rihand (300
MW), Obra (99 MW), Matatila (30 MW) and Upper Ganga Canal SHPs - Nirgajini (5 MW), Chittaura (3
MW), Salawa (3 MW), Bhola (2.7 MW) are under progress and are proposed to be completed during
Eleventh Five Year Plan. Renovation & Modernization of reservoir based Hydro Power Stations will
provide fresh lease of useful life to plant & machineries along with better and modern technology resulting
in better efficiency which shall ensure minimum loss of generation. Under renovation & modernization of
Upper Ganga Canal based very old Hydro Power Stations, which are facing closure of some of the units
for want of major repairs and unavailability of spares / replacements ,the upgrading of these very old
power stations to higher capacity – will ensure full harnessing of power potential available at these sites as
the new units of higher capacity with better and modern technology will provide an additional generation
of about 150 MU per annum .

127. Thus, during the Eleventh Plan (2007-12), the Hydro Generation will increase by about 400 M.U
based on design energy and monsoon conditions:-

Name of Power House Capacity 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12

Rihand 300 MW 760.00 760.00 760.00 760.00 920.00
Obra 99 MW 250.00 250.00 250.00 250.00 279.00
Matatila 30 MW 123.00 123.00 123.00 123.00 123.00

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Khara 72 MW 345.00 345.00 345.00 345.00 345.00
E.Y.C.(Belka, Babail) 6 MW 11.00 11.00 11.00 11.00 11.00
U.G.C. 13.7 MW 25.00 25.00 25.00 25.00 100.00
(Nirgajini, Chittaura, Salawa, Bhola)
Sheetla 3.6 MW 9.53 9.53 9.53 9.53 9.53
Dhukwa 30 MW - - - 30.00 116.00
Total 1523.53 1523.53 1523.53 1553.53 1903.53

128. The investment plan for Rs.530.35 crore has been proposed for hydro electric projects during
Eleventh Plan (Table-4). In Joint Sector Koteshwar Hydro 400 MW is proposed for construction in
Uttaranchal by GoI in which U.P. investment would be 25% and U.P. will get 150 MW Power. Table-5
shows the year wise capacity addition (hydro) during the Eleventh Plan period. Table-6 presents the
simulation results when units are added to the existing system as per their respective commissioning
schedule.

129. Addition in generating capacity along with expected date of commissioning during ensuing Five
Year Plans is shown in the following table:

Name of Project Plant Capacity Share of Expected date of

Size U.P. Commissioning
THERMAL Nos. Total MW (MW)
(a) STATE SECTOR
Parichha (Extn.II) 250 2 500 500 7/2009 & 11/2009
Harduaganj (Extn) 250 2 500 500 10/2009 & 2/2010
Anpara-D 500 2 1000 1000 7/2010 & 1/2011
Obra (Extn.) 500 2 1000 1000 2011-13
Anpara’E’,TPS 800 2 1600 1600 2012-16
Mata Tila TPS,Jhansi 500 2 1000 1000 2012-16
Others TPS 500 3 1500 1500 2012-16
Panki TPS,Kanpur 250 1 250 250 2012-16
Obra TPS,Sonebhada 500 1 500 500 2012-16
(b) CENTRAL SECTOR
Kahalgaon St-II Phase-I 500 2 1000 82 2007-08
Kahalgaon St-II Phase-II 500 1 500 41 2007-08
© IPP
Rosa ( R ) 600 2 1200 1200 2009-10, 2010-11
Anpara-C 500 2 1000 1000 2010-11
Reliance Dadri ( R) 5800 2320 2010-12
HYDRO
(a)State Sector Dhukwa 15 2 30 30 2010-11
(b) CENTRAL SECTOR
Sewa Stage-II 40 3 120 24 2007-08
Uri-II 60 4 240 48 2008-09
Koldam 200 4 800 189 2008-09
Chemera St-III 77 3 231 46 2009-10
Parbati St-III 130 4 520 104 2009-10
Parbati St-II 200 4 800 160 2010-11

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 Pakaldul 200 5 1000 200 2010-11
© IPP
Korcham 250 4 1000 400 2009-10
Srinagar 110 3 330 290 2010-11

130. The available capacity (MW), sector wise net capacity addition (MW), and energy availability
(MU) are shown in following Tables:
Peak Demand and Capacity Availability
Year 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
Peak Demand(MW) 8971 10017 11188 12495 13947
Available Capacity (MW) 9504 9873 11722 15522 17636

Energy Availability during Eleventh Plan (MU)

Year UPJVNL (MU) UPRVUNL Central Sector IPP/Co-Gen/JV Total (MU)
(MU) (MU) (MU)
2007-08 1516 19701 26316 4367 51900
2008-09 1516 19494 28002 4702 53714
2009-10 1516 23774 27810 5138 58238
2010-11 1631 28443 26956 11403 68433
2011-12 1894 35365 23681 20838 81778

Analysis of Plan and Recommendations

131. The capacity additions up to 2008-09 are very limited as there is no major project under
construction. Due to lack of adequate capacity, the system will not meet the projected demand meaning
thereby the shortage of power will continue during this period. However during first three years ending
2009-10 approximately 2534MW capacity is proposed to be added, thereby improving system reliability.

132. The same trend continues in FY2011 and FY2012 also as a result of commissioning of Obra
(2*500MW), in FY2011-13 and a new 2000 MW project at Allahabad (4*500MW) in FY 2012 along with
other committed projects.

133. At the end of the Eleventh Plan, the gap between peak demand and availability is expected to be
around 1000 MW.

4- Transmission Works

134. It will be necessary to execute many works during Eleventh Five Year Plan period for ensuring
reliability, stability and quality of transmission system. For the Eleventh Plan the transmission works have
been categorized as under:-

I Normal Development Works

135. Due to increase demand of electricity of some of the sub-stations/lines are overloaded. To meet out
this demand it is essential to increase the capacity of the sub-stations and to create new sub-stations and
lines.

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II Power Evacuation Works

136. In Eleventh Five Year Plan following power evacuation system works are proposed and same are
to be completed before scheduled commissioning date of the generating projects.

a) Evacuation of Power from Roja Thermal Power Station (2x300 Mw)

(a) LILO of both circuits of 220 KV DC Shahjahanpur-Hardoi line at 220 KV Roza.
(b) 220 KV DC Roza-Shahjahanpur line.
(c) 220 KV SC Roza-Badaun line.

b) Evacuation of Power from Anpara 'C' (2x500 Mw) Thermal Power Project
(a) 3X630 MVA transformer at 800/400 KV S/s Anpara 'C'.
(b) 3x630 MVA transformer at 800/400 KV S/s Unnao.
(c) Operation of existing 800 KV SC Anpara-Unnao line at 800 KV (presently charged at
400 KV).
(d) 2x315 MVA transformer at 800/400 KV S/s Allahabad.
(e) LILO of 400 KV SC Obra-Panki line at Allahabad.
(f) 400 KV DC interconnector between Allahabad and Allahabad (PG).
(g) 400 KV DC Anpara'C'-Allahabad-Mainpuri (PG) line.

c) Evacuation of Power from Anpara 'D' (2x500 Mw) Thermal Power Project
(a) 1x630 MVA transformer at 800/400KV S/s at Anpara'D'.
(b) 800 KV SC line Anpara 'D'-Unnao.
(c) 800 KV SC interconnector between Anpara'C' and Anpara'D'.
(d) 400 KV SC interconnector between Anpara'C' and Anpara'D'.
(e) Addition of 1x630 MVA transformers at 800KV S/s at Unnao (over and above
Anpara'C' system).
(f) 400 KV SC Unnao-Muradnagar line.

d) Parichha (2x250 Mw) Thermal Power Station

(a) 2x315 MVA transformer at 400/220 KV S/s Paricha.
(b) LILO of one circuit of 400KV DC Agra (PG)-Agra line at Paricha 400KV.

e) Harduganj Extn. (2x250 Mw) Thermal Power Station

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 (a) 220 KV DC Harduganj-Jahangirabad line.
(b) Augumentation of 220 KV Harduaganj & Jahangirabad S/s each from (2x100MVA) to
(1x160+1x100MVA).

f) Srinagar Hydro Power Station (IPP) (4x82.5 MW)

(a) LILO of both circuits of 400KV DC Vishnuprayag-Muzaffarnagar line at Srinagar
400KV S/s.
(b) 2x315 MVA transformer at 400/200 KV S/s Kashipur.
(c) LILO of 400KV SC Moradabad-Rishikesh line at Kashipur 400KV S/s.
(d) 400 KV SC Srinagar-Kashipur line.

g) Dadri Reliance GPS (IPP) (2240 MW)

(i) 2x315 MVA transformer at 400/200KV S/s Dadri Reliance.
(ii) LILO of 400 KV SC Agra-Muradnagar line at Dadri Reliance 400 KV S/s.
(iii) 400 KV SC Dadri Reliance-Greater NOIDA line.
(iv) 2x315 MVA transformer at 400/200 KV S/s Indirapuram.
(v) 400 KV SC Dadri Reliance-Indirapuram line.
(vi) 400 KV SC Indirapuram-Greater NOIDA line.
(vii) 220 KV SC Dadri Reliance-New NOIDA.
(viii) 220 KV SC Dadri Reliance-Dadri line.
(ix) 220 KV SC Dadri Relience-Sikandrabad line.

h) Dopaha TPS (4X500 MW)

(I) 2X630 MVA transformer at 800/400 KV S/s Dopaha.
(ii) 800 KV SC Dopaha-Unnao line.
(iii) Addition of 3x630 MVA, 800/400 KV transformer at Unnao 800/400 KV
S/s (over and above Anpara'D' system).
(iv) 800 KV SC interconnector between Dopaha and Anapar'D'.
(v) 400 KV SC interconnector between Dopaha and Anpara'D'.
(vi) 3x630 MVA transformer at 800/400 KV S/s Muradnagar.
(vii) 800 KV SC Unnao-Muradnagar line.
(viii) 800 KV SC interconnector between Muradnagar and Meerut (PG).
(ix) 400 KV SC Unnao-Muradnagar line.

i) Obra Ext.-II TPS (3x500MW)

(i) 400 KV DC Obra Extn.-II-Anpara'D' line.

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 (ii) 400 KV DC Obra Extn.-II-Dopaha line.

III Transmission Works in Taj Trapezium Zone

137. Transmission project works to be under taken for development of area around Taj for which two
new 220KV S/S (Agra Fort % Agra G. Road) and three new 132 KV S/S (Dyal Bagh, fatehabad, Kiraoli)
along with construction of associated transmission lines and extension of existing S/S. JBIC has agreed to
finance same.

IV Transmission Works in National Capital Region (NCR)

138. All the districts of Meerut Division are covered in National Capital Region. Industries from Delhi
are to be shifted to National Capital Region for which Electricity Supply position has to be improved. NCR
Board will provide financial aid against which three 220 KV Sub Stations (Loni, Sikandrabad & Dadri)
and five 132 KV Sub Stations (Hapur Road, Meerut, Hapur II, Govindpuram, Ganganagar & Massuri
Gulauti) along with associated lines and extension of existing sub stations are to be completed.

V Installation of Capacitors

139. It is proposed to install 132KV and 33KV Capacitor Banks at different 220 and 132KV S/Ss for
improving voltage profile and reduction in transmission losses. A provision for Capacitors of 1250 MVAR
capacity is being proposed in Eleventh Plan.

VI Renovation & Modernization

140. A good number of Sub Stations, Transmission lines & communication equipment are around 30
years old and hence, provision has been made for the renovation and modernization of various equipments.

VII Transmission System augmentation due to Rural Electrification

141. In order to meet increased demand due to electrification of 30000 villages in REC scheme and
60000 mazras in Rajiv Gandhi village electrification scheme, various transmission sub-stations and lines
are to be strengthened and new sub-stations and lines are proposed to be constructed.

VIII Supervisory Control Data Acquisition (Scada) System :

142. In order to increase the reliability of power supply, improvement in grid voltage and frequency,
reduce the possibility of complete grid failure and to manage the grid efficiently, "Supervisory Control and
Data Acquisition" system, is being implemented with the co-operation of the Power Grid Corporation and
World Bank.

143. Further, in order to meet increasing requirement of speech, protection and data communication and
existing communication system is proposed to be augmented and strengthened to commensurate UPPCL’s,

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transmission network. It is proposed to augment the existing Wide-Band communication network which
forms the backbone of communication network supported by PLCC links.

144. Proposed investment of Rs.11084 crore on transmission works are mainly designed to evacuate
power from new power plants /and extension of existing power plants, strengthening of transmission
system for catering to increased demand due to extensive village electrification programme being taken
under Government guidelines, renovation and modernization of existing system, supervisory control,
voltage stabilization and augmentation of the system. Details of works proposed and investment plan can
be seen in Tables – 7 & 8

Secondary Transmission & Distribution Works (66 KV & below)

145. In order to provide effective and reliable power supply, the development of requisite network of
Secondary Transmission & Distribution is of paramount importance. It is from these networks that the
majority of electricity connections are given. This network constitutes a vital link between Extra High
Voltage Transmission (132 KV & above) and the ultimate consumers. Therefore, for maintaining
satisfactory supply conditions, continuous strengthening of this vital link commensurate with the growth in
load assumes importance.

146. With the introduction of 220 KV & 400 KV primary transmission the role of 66 KV network had
been relegated to more secondary transmission and as such with a view to optimise the system network
further expansion of 66 KV & 37.5 KV network in UP Power System was discontinued and 33 KV system
has come to stay as main secondary system. The 66 KV network existing in some districts only is being
continued but further expansion are being undertaken on 33 KV only. At present the distribution system
is heavily loaded for providing reliable & un- interrupted supply to the consumers, this system has to be
strengthened for which various works involving expenditure of Rs.9372 crore have been proposed during
Eleventh Five Year plan, details of which are given in Table-9.

Accelerated Power Development and Reform Programme

147. Accelerated Power Development & Reform Programme (APDRP) was formulated in the
beginning of Tenth Plan in order to augment & strengthen sub- transmission & distribution network in
urban areas. This programme primarily focuses on reduction of AT & C line losses & enhancing reliability
in power supply. Emphasis was also laid on improvement in commercial viability of distribution
companies. In this programme, 36 schemes amounting to Rs.1091.30 crore were sanctioned in 29 districts
of UP from 8/2002 to 9/2005. In the sanctioned schemes, provision has been made for construction of 33
KV & 11 KV sub stations, construction of 33 KV, 11 KV & LT lines, augmentation, renovation &
modernization of existing sub stations, strengthening of L.T. lines by Aerial bunched conductor etc. It also
includes computerized billing & consumer’s service centre for improved consumer’s services.

148. Cumulative expenditure incurred February 2007 under this scheme was Rs.823.64 crore which is
80% of the sanctioned amount. Remaining works shall be completed by the end of June, 2007. After
completion of the works there should be noticeable improvement on the following parameters:-

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 (a) Reduction in AT & C line losses.
(b) Qualitative improvement in reliability of electric supply.

149. Data in respect of Aggregate Technical and Commercial losses of the scheme sanctioned in first
phase are being detailed follows:-

# Name of town AT & C Losses (%)

2004-05 2005-06*
1 Moradabad 58.60 48.00
2 Faizabad 46.71 42.50
3 Bareilly 48.69 45.00
4 Varanasi 57.33 54.00
5 Gorakhpur 37.93 36.50
6 Allahabad 58.46 54.00

150. These data are just indicative and line loss reduction shall be noticeable after completion of the
schemes. Further, cost of 19 schemes have been revised and the enhanced cost now works out to
Rs.1412.04 crore.

151. In the ensuing Eleventh Five Year Plan, it is envisaged that the urban areas in the remaining 41
districts will also be covered under APDRP. Provision of Rs.1000 crore has been made & the detailed year
wise break up from 2007 to 2012 is given at Table No. 10. The GOI has already communicated in-
principle sanction for 28 schemes amounting to Rs.540.57 crore for Eleventh Plan. However the central
assistance will be reimbursed according to achievement of milestones.

Rural Electrification

152. The Electricity Act 2003 Section 6 directs that Government shall endeavour to supply electricity to
all areas including villages and hamlets. Section 5 of Electricity Act 2003 mandates that the Central
Government shall formulate a national policy, in consultation with the State Governments and the State
Commissions, for rural electrification and for bulk purchase of power and management of local
distribution in rural areas through Panchayat Institutions, Users’ associations, Co-operative societies, Non-
Governmental organizations or franchisees and Central government had notified The rural electrification
policy on 26th August 2006.

153. Clause 1.5 of the Rural Electricity Policy states that the National Electricity Policy states that the
key development objective of the power sector is supply of electricity to all areas including rural areas as
mandated in Section 6 of the Electricity Act 2003. Both the central government and state governments
would jointly endeavour to achieve this objective at the earliest. Accordingly, the Central Government has
launched in March, 2005 an ambitious scheme ‘Rajiv Gandhi Grameen Vidhyutikaran Yojana (RGGVY)’

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with the goal of electrifying all un-electrified villages/un-electrified hamlets and providing access to
electricity to all households in next five years for fulfillment of the NCMP.

154. The Rural Electricity Policy aims at: -

(a) Provision of access to electricity to all households by year 2009

(b) Quality and reliable power supply at reasonable rates

(c) Minimum lifeline consumption of 1 unit per household per day as a merit good by year
2012

Objective

155. The objective of the RGGVY envisages universal access to electricity for all households by 2012
and modernizing the rural electricity infrastructure. Under RGGVY, electricity distribution infrastructure is
envisaged to establish: (i) Rural Electricity Distribution Backbone (REDB) with at least a 33/11KV sub-
station; (ii) Village Electrification Infrastructure (VEI) with at least a Distribution Transformer in a village
or hamlet; and (iii) Standalone grid with generation where grid supply is not feasible.

156. This policy aims at providing electricity supply to rural areas in the peak hours at par with the
urban supply and also to encourage rural industries so as to improve consumer mix in the rural areas. It
also needs to identify rural area adjoining the urban conglomerates and specify them as special category. It
further aims at good quality & reliable power supply and to ensure sustainability of rural supply through
rural franchisee.

Current Status

Villages

157. Total inhabited villages in the state as per 2001 census are 97,942 out of which nearly 150 stand
alone villages are to be electrified through non conventional sources of energy. The number of villages
through grid electrification remains 97,792. Prior to the commencement of RGGVY program, 59,241
villages were electrified by March 2005. In the RGGVY program 28,830 villages were to be electrified out
of which 24,123 villages have been electrified as on March 2007 and the rest will be electrified by July
2007 if timely release of the funds from GoI is ensured.

[ 244 ]
 100,000
80,000
60,000
40,000
20,000
-
Meerut Discom Agra Discom Lucknow Varanasi UP
Discom Discom

Total no of villages Villages electrified as on March 2005

Electrified as per RGGVY as per Old CEA definition
Standalone system (Remote Villages)

Hamlets

158. The total number of hamlets in the state is 1.6 lakh, 0.77 lakh hamlets are either covered in
RGGVY scheme or stand electrified in other schemes. The remaining 0.84 lakh hamlets are still uncovered
for which scheme is to be formulated and approved.

Uttar Pradesh Rural Household status

Households 20%

159. The total number of rural households in the state of 8%

UP as per 2001 census is around 240 lakh out of which 100

lakh (40% of total household) are Below Poverty Line rural 72%

households. Nearly 20% of BPL rural household has been Rural BPL Household electrified

electrified. In the RGGVY program 8.00 lakh BPL rural Rural BPL HH electrified per RGGVY
Total no of Rural BPL HH to be electrified

households shall be covered. The rest 72.18 lakh rural

households are to be electrified by year 2012.

160. Thus, under rural electrification, the task in hand includes:

(a) Electrification of un-electrified hamlets
(b) Strengthening of Distribution system in the villages being electrified under RGGVY
for providing electricity to all BPL household
(c) Electrification of the villages electrified as per Old CEA definition1
(d) Conversion of villages/hamlets electrified prior to 31st March 2005 from Low Tension
mains system to High Voltage Distribution System/aerial bunched conductor

1
A village will be deemed to be electrified if electricity is used in the inhabited locality within the revenue boundary
of the village for any purpose whatsoever

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 (e) Providing electricity to all rural households including free connection to Below Poverty
Line households
(f) Strengthening of Rural electricity Distribution Backbone in those villages electrified
earlier and covered by RGGVY
(g) Electrification of remote stand alone villages
(h) Creating infrastructure for providing electric connections to common rural facilities
like schools, PHC, Gram Panchayats

161. Funds required for the above tasks are as follows:

Electrification of un-electrified hamlets

UP has about 1.62 lakh hamlets. The total cost electrification of 0.84 lakh un-electrified hamlets works
out to Rs.4203 crore as per following details:-
Total Already No. of Hamlet to Total cost of
DISCOM No. of Electrified be electrified Hamlets
Hamlet
Meerut Discom 1,802 0 1,802 90
Agra Discom 20,197 15,676 4,521 226
Lucknow Discom 65,932 27,541 38,391 1,920
Varanasi Discom 74,034 34,697 39,337 1,967
UP 161,965 77,914 84,051 4,203

Strengthening of Distribution system in the villages being electrified under RGGVY for
providing electricity to all BPL household

162. UP would require Rs.577 crore for electrifying all BPL households in the 28,830 villages covered
under RGGVY program as per details given below:

RGGVY Investment
DISCOM
villages (Rs. crore)
Meerut Discom 1,910 38
Agra Discom 5,238 105
Lucknow Discom 9,903 198
Varanasi Discom 11,779 236
UP 28,830 577

1. Electrification of the villages electrified as per Old CEA definition2

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163. As per old CEA definition there are about 9,721 villages are to be electrified as per the new norms.
The electrification of these villages would require about Rs.680 crore.

DISCOM Villages electrified as per Investment

CEA which need (Rs. in crore)
electrified as per
RGGVY definition
Meerut Discom 687 48
Agra Discom 358 25
Lucknow Discom 1,544 108
Varanasi Discom 7,133 499
UP 9,721 680

Conversion of villages/hamlets electrified prior to 31st March 2005 from Low Tension mains
system to High Voltage Distribution System

164. In UP the total number of villages to be electrified under grid system are 97,792 out of which the
village electrified prior to 31st March, 2005 were 59,241. These 59,241 villages have been electrified prior
to RGGVY program. In this revenue village and it’s nearby one hamlet was electrified by laying LT mains.
To convert from the LT system to HVDS, UP would require Rs.4147 crore.

The table below depicts DISCOM wise investment requirement:

DISCOM Villages Investment for Villages +

electrified Hamlets (Rs. in crore)
as on
31.03.05
Meerut Discom 8,247 577
Agra Discom 10,438 731
Lucknow Discom 17,638 1,235
Varanasi Discom 22,918 1,604
UP 59,241 4,147

Providing electricity to all rural households including free connection to Below Poverty Line
households

165. Total number of BPL household in UP is around 100 lakh. Only 28% of the BPL household are
electrified and covered under RGGVY Scheme. For providing free electricity connection to 72 lakh BPL
households, UP would require Rs.2166 crore.

[ 247 ]
 Total no of Total no of
BPL BPL to be
DISCOM
household electrified Total cost
(Lakh) (Lakh) (Rs. in crore)
6.5
Meerut Discom 5.1 152
17.9
Agra Discom 13.0 391
40.4
Lucknow Discom 29.0 869
35.5
Varanasi Discom 25.1 754
100.3
UP 72.2 2166

Strengthening of Rural electricity Distribution backbone

166. For strengthening of rural electricity distribution backbone, UP would require Rs.1800 crore.

Total cost
DISCOM
(Rs. in crore)
Meerut Discom 77
Agra Discom 133
Lucknow Discom 646
Varanasi Discom 945
UP 1,800

Electrification of remote stand alone villages

167. Solar energy and Bio fuel energy are being used for electrifying the stand alone remote villages,
UP would require above Rs.30 crore. This work is to executed thorough Non-Energy Department.

Total Outlay

168. As achieve universal access to electricity for all households by 2012 and modernizing the rural
electricity infrastructure the total outlays for the rural electrification plan works to Rs.13, 572 crore.

169. The task wise fund requirement is estimated as under:

Total Investment
# Tasks (Rs. in crore)

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 1 Electrification of un-electrified hamlets 4,203
Strengthening of Distribution system under RGGVY for providing
2 electricity to all BPL household 577
3 Electrification of the villages electrified as per CEA 680
4 Conversion of villages/hamlets electrified from LT mains to HVDS 4,147
Providing electricity to all rural households including free connection
5 to BPL households 2,166
6 Strengthening of Rural electricity Distribution backbone 1,800
7 Electrification of remote villages (Stand alone) 30
Total Outlay 13,572

Work plan:
Task 1st year 2nd year 3rd year 4th year 5th year Total
requirement
for 2007-12
Electrification of un-electrified 841 841 1,261 1,261 - 4,203
hamlets
Strengthening of Distribution - 288 288 - - 577
system under RGGVY for
providing electricity to all BPL
household
Electrification of the villages - 340 340 - - 680
electrified as per CEA
Conversion of villages/hamlets - 829 829 1,244 1,244 4,147
electrified from LT mains to HVDS
Providing electricity to all rural - 433 433 650 650 2,166
households including free
connection to BPL households
Strengthening of Rural electricity 180 540 540 540 - 1,800
Distribution backbone
Total 1,021 3,272 3,692 3,694 1,894 13,572

Conclusion

170. The way ahead is to set up Task Force for mapping and delivering the electricity to the un-
electrified households as envisaged above. GoUP would require of Rs.13,572 crore for providing 100%
village/hamlet electrification access to electricity to the all rural household. Power is a fundamental need
and GOI has declared 100% village and household electrification as one of the most important tenets of
Rural Electrification policy. The funding for Rural Electrification would be channeled through the utility
and the utility would have to commit to the targets of rural electrification so as to meet the overall
objective of 100% household electrification by 2012.

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Energization of Private Tube wells (PTWs)

171. By the end of year 2005-06, 826419 private tube wells were energized in the state. There are two
schemes for providing electricity connections to the PTW’s namely- “Normal scheme and Full deposit
scheme”. Under the normal scheme, progress of energization depends upon the amount released by the
GoUP for this purpose, whereas under full deposit scheme, the connections are provided to all perspective
consumers who apply and deposit the estimated amount, required for providing connection. During
Eleventh Plan it is proposed to start the work of conversion of diesel operated private tube well into
electrical operated tube wells. An investment plan of Rs. 500 crore is proposed for the plan period as
below:-
Particulars Units 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 Total
Physical Nos. 20000 20000 20000 20000 20000 100000
Target
Financial Rupees in 100 100 100 100 100 500
investment Crore

Other Improvement Measures

(a) Works under APDRP in remaining small towns
(b) Installation of meters at distribution transformers
(c) Introduction of e-suvidha for collection of bills
(d) Input Based Franchisee of distribution system including minor maintenance of lines
and sub- stations , billing ,collection and re-connection & disconnection
(e) Double metering of Industrial consumers
(f) I.T. based Billing and consumer service including up gradation
(g) Installation of CT connected trivector Low Power Radio frequency meters

Consumer Profile, Availability, Sale and Losses

Financial Anticipated No. of Sales (MU) Anticipated Collection AT&C
Year Energy consumers T&D Losses Efficiency
Availability (%) (%)
(MU)
2007-08 51900 9795314 38295 26.2% 90.0% 33.60%
2008-09 53715 10172772 40765 24.1% 93.0% 29.40%
2009-10 58238 10657552 45385 22.1% 97.0% 24.40%
2010-11 68433 11168878 54715 20.0% 99.0% 20.80%
2011-12 81778 11985854 66189 19.1% 105.0% 15.10%

Government of India Policy & Comments

[ 250 ]
172. In order to accelerate developmental activities during Eleventh Plan, the approach of GoI is highly
appreciable but some important issues need review in the larger interest of the Sector.
(a) Due to rationalization in the Electricity Sector the electricity of the surplus States are
being traded by Private players on exorbitant rates varying from Rs.6 to Rs.7.50
per unit whereas this surplus power is available to them at the rate of Rs.2 to
Rs.2.50 per unit. The guidelines regarding sale of electricity by bidding process
needs to be reviewed and rules should be made so that the surplus states and traders
do not earn extraordinary profit.
(b) The price of the electricity sold by the Central Sector Power stations are fixed by
CERC which has allowed higher rate of return on equity and expenditure on coal
and oil . The Income Tax is also a pass through. The present tariff guidelines
increase the power tariff significantly.
(c) The present pricing and allotment policy of fuel by GOI needs to be liberalize to make
the sector viable and attractive for private players.
(d) The Government of India introduced APDRP Central assistance Scheme in the Tenth
plan which mainly aimed for improvement of Distribution system in urban areas.
This Scheme aims to control the commercial losses and ensure supply of quality
electricity to the consumers. At present, Government of India has curtailed the
assistance from 50% to 25% which needs review and this should be restored to
50%. Since the commercial losses are not limited to urban areas therefore this
scheme should be extended to small towns of the Districts. The capital subsidy
of50% and extension of scheme to small towns will certainly help the State to
reduce commercial losses and also ensure supply of quality electricity.

Requirement
(a) In terms of provision of Electricity Act 2003, the State Government has to provide
sufficient financial support to reimburse the loss suffered by distribution company
due to supply of electricity to certain category of consumer at concessional rates as
per directives of Governments
(b) The state owned and operated public service utilities tariff should be fixed minimum at
cost of sales at consumer end this will result in minimum subsidy saving of which
may be appropriated to have not /low paying capacity consumers. Since electricity
industry is a commercial organization, therefore It should be allowed a minimum
ROE so that these funds are re-employed in the sector for better consumer services
in future.

Viability of promoting Public Private Participation

173. At present offer for establishment of power station in private sector has been invited but repose is
not very encouraging. Even the offer has not been received for operation of distribution system by private
sector. The work of appointment of franchisee in rural and urban area is under progress and some

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franchisees have been appointed in urban area in distribution system. There seems to be no scope for PPP
in energy sector.

U.P. Power Sector – Financial Resource

Physical & Financial Activities:

174. The reform of Energy Sector in U.P. was undertaken in the year 1999 and the then UPSEB was
unbundled w.e.f. 14th January 2000. Thus, Generation, Thermal and Hydro and Transmission &
Distribution were bifurcated in three Public Sector undertakings namely-

175. U.P.Rajya Vidyut Utpadan Nigam Ltd., U.P.Jal Vidyut Nigam Ltd. and U.P. Power Corporation
Ltd. On 15th Jan.2000 U.P.Power Corporation Ltd. was further divided and distribution work of Kanpur
Urban was transferred to a newly created distribution company known as Kanpur Electricity Supply
Company. Further the UPPCL was divided in August 2003 and distribution work was transferred to 04
distribution companies which are operating in the area indicated against each.

1. Madhyanchal Vidyut Vitran Nigam Ltd.Lucknow-

Distribution Zone - Bareilly, Faizabad ,/ Lucknow & LESA
2. Purvanchal Vidyut Vitran Nigam Ltd.Varanasi.
Distribution Zone – Allahabad, Varanasi, Gorakhpur, Azamgarh,
3. Pashchimanchal Vidyut Vitran Nigam Ltd.Meerut.
Distribution Zone – Meerut, Moradabad, Saharanpur, Noida
4. Dakshinanchal Vidyut Vitran Nigam Ltd.Agra
Distribution Zone- Agra, Kanpur, Jhansi,

176. At the time of the starting of the reforms of U.P. Power Sector in the year 2000 the Transmission
& Distribution losses were 44 % which have been controlled and arrested by various measure and reduced
to 32% in the year 2006-07. The cost of input i.e. coal, oil and gas increased drastically in this period and
the cost of power purchase per unit which was Rs.1.44 per unit swelled to Rs.2.13 per unit in 2006-07
Prior to reforms the tariff for sale of electricity was being fixed by a committee constituted by the then
UPSEB. With the introduction of U.P. Electricity Reform Act, the State Electricity Regulatory
Commission was constituted in July 1999 which issued its first tariff order for the year 2000-01 at average
tariff of Rs.247 per unit sold and was subsequently revised in the year 2001-02, 2002-03, 2003-04 and
2004-05. Thus five tariff orders have been issued by the Regulatory Commission till date and average tariff
which was Rs.2.34 per unit at the time of unbundling of UPSEB has been enhanced to Rs.2.65 per unit in
the year 2004-05 & since then no tariff has been revised by Regulatory Commission. The supply hours of
the rural area which was 8 hour in the year 2001-02 and 2002-03 has been increased to 14-16 hours in the
year 2006-07. The rural supply is on flat rate basis and therefore this is one of the reasons of increasing
loss. The collection efficiency which was 78 percent at the time of unbundling of UPSEB improved to 90

[ 252 ]
percent by the end 2006-07. The slow progress in arresting T&D losses, drastic, increase in cost of major
input, Low tariff fixed by the Regulatory Commission and poor collection efficiency were the major
factors which contributed to negative Internal Resource during Tenth Plan.

177. The energy sector still needs major reforms all over the country and U.P. is not an exception. We
still need to improve our plant load factor, check on theft of electricity, reduction of T&D losses, consumer
identification through GIS, proper billing and consumer services, which includes quantitative and reliable
power supply & fulfillment of quantitative requirement. This will also help in betterment of the collection
of revenue and reduce the cash losses of the sector.

Cost of generation and power purchase vis a vis tariff structure

178. The present tariff structure is although subsidizing some consumer category but the subsidized
category is far more than subsidizing category in terms of both Volume and Subsidy. The Electricity Act
2003 and National Tariff Policy 2006 provide for rationalization of tariff so that the subsidized categories
pay at least the operating cost but tariffs are not being fixed on this rationale. The Multi year Tariff
provision has been made in the National Tariff Policy but Central Electricity Regulatory Commission has
although fixed the norms / parameter but MYT has not yet been decided there by the SERC, are also
finding it difficult to fix MYT in the State. There are some more issue in tariff fixation like ROE, Debt
Equity Ratio and Advance against depreciation.

179. The state owned and operated public service utilities tariff should be fixed not less then be cost of
sales at consumer end this will result in saving in subsidizing these categories which may be appropriated
to other have not /low capacity paying consumers. Since now electricity industry is a commercial
organization therefore State Corporation should be allowed a minimum ROE so that these funds are re-
employed in the sector for better consumer services in future.

Centrally Financed Schemes

180. The following centrally financed schemes were implemented in the Tenth Plan.
 Rural Electrification work under MNP & PMGY.
 APDRP works for Urban Distribution system.
 World Bank restructuring project for Transmission & Distribution system.

181. During Tenth Plan period Rs.1327 crore were provided for village electrification under MNP &
PMGY. Out of this allocation Rs.584.34 crore has been provided by Government of India up to the
financial year 2004-05. From financial year 2004-05 the National Village Electrification programme was
launched by Government of India under which all the un-electrified virgin villages are to be electrified by

[ 253 ]
the end of 2008-09. U.P. took a decision to electrify the remaining villages by end of 2006-07 at a cost of
Rs.3500 crore out of which Rs.2320 crore have been disbursed by Government of India through REC till
end of 2006-07. The remaining cost of scheme is proposed for drawl in the year 2007-08.

182. Under APDRP the improvement and augmentation of distribution system including consumer
billing is to be done. In the Tenth Plan Rs.1512.20 crore was provided as financing by Government of
India being 50% of cost of the scheme. Due to various reasons the drawl of fund under APDRP was less
then the original plan allocation and Rs.1043 crore have been provided through annual plan during Tenth
Plan. Out of this Rs.383.61 crore have already been drawn by end of 2006-07. The reason of slow progress
is attributable to change in policies in the beginning of project like a decision was taken later on that these
works will be got done on turn key basis. The scheme prepared by NTPC which was found technically
unfeasible and was revised which resulted in delay in finalization of tender. However by end of June
2007we expect to complete work of Rs.1069 crore.

183. Under World Bank Restructuring Project the world bank committed to provide the financial
assistance of 150 million US dollar against which 140.303 million dollar has been drawn and rest could not
be drawn for following reasons;
(a) 3.0 million dollar was deducted at source by World Bank as Project Preparation
Advance.

(b) 5.0 million dollar were for VRS scheme, which could not materialize.

(c) 1.5 million dollar was for Fees was adjusted at source by World Bank.

184. The investment plan of Eleventh Five Year Plan is proposed for Rs.64395.77 crore. Details are as
under:
Investment Plan for Eleventh Plan (2007-12)

(Rs. in crore)
# Name of Work Eleventh Five Year Plan
Total Investment Through Plan Outside Plan
1 U.P. Rajya Vidyut Utpadan Nigam Ltd.
a) New Project 36298.12 10485.10 25813.02
b) Refurbishment 2617.55 483.25 2134.30
c) R&M 990.12 314.20 675.92
d)Up-rating Schemes 1502.50 450.75 1051.75
e) Work under CREP 521.00 149.30 371.70
Total 41929.29 11882.60 30046.69

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2 U.P. Jal Vidyut Nigam Ltd.
a) New Scheme 153.00 46.00 107.00
b) Renovation & Modernisation 377.00 66.00 311.00
Total 530.00 112.00 418.00
3 U.P. Power Corporation Ltd.
i Transmission Works 10983.95 3225.15 7758.80
ii Distribution Works 8971.60 8971.60 -
iii APDRP Works 1000.00 1000.00 -
iv Energisation of PTW 500.00 500.00 -
Total : UPPCL 21455.55 13696.75 7758.80
4 Tehri Hydro Project 480.93 480.93 -
GRAND TOTAL : 64395.77 26172.28 38223.49

Investment Plan including Private Sector during Eleventh Five year Plan (2007-12)
(Rs. in crore)
# Particular Thermal Hydro- Transmission Distribution Village Total
Generation generation Electrificatio
n /APDRP/
PTW
1 State Funding 11882.60 592.93 3225.15 8971.60 1500.00 26172.28

2 Central Sector - - - - 1000.00 1000.00

Funding (outside
Plan)
3 Institutional 30046.69 418.00 7758.80 - - 38223.49
Finance
4 Total 41929.29 1010.93 10983.95 8971.60 2500.00 65395.77
5 R.G.G.V.Y 8944.00 8944.00
(Central Funding)
6 IPP’s 20600.00 1700.00 - - - 22300.00
7 Grand Total 62529.29 2710.93 10983.95 8971.60 16072.00 101267.77

* Projectwise U.P. share from I.P.P's

Name of project Installed Capacity U.P. Share (MW) Approx. investment

(MW) (Rs. in crore)
Reliance Dadri 5800 2320 11600
Anpara-C 1000 1000 4000
Srinagar (Hydro) 330 290 1700
Roja 1200 1200 5000
Total 8330 4810 22300
Investment Plan for Annual Plan 2007-08
(Rs. in crore)
# Name of Work Annual Plan 2007-08
Total Through Plan Outside Plan
Investment Outlay
1 U.P. Rajya Vidyut Utpadan Nigam Ltd.
a) New Project 1207.02 800.00 407.02

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 b) Refurbishment 650.00 150.00 500.00
c) R&M 95.62 46.00 49.62
d)Up-rating Schemes - - -
e) Work under CREP 40.00 40.00 -
Total 1992.64 1036.00 956.64
2 U.P. Jal Vidyut Nigam Ltd.
a) New Scheme 5.00 5.00 -
b) Renovation & Modernization 31.00 6.00 25.00
Total 36.00 11.00 25.00
3 U.P. Power Corporation Ltd.
i Transmission Works 1451.22 365.37 1085.85
ii Distribution Works 1178.00 1178.00 -
iii APDRP Works 200.00 200.00 -
iv Energization of PTW 50.00 50.00 -
Total : UPPCL 2879.22 1793.37 1085.85
4 Tehri Hydro Project 100.00 100.00 -
GRAND TOTAL : 5007.86 2940.37 2067.49

Through Budget
(Rs. in crore)
Rajiv Gandhi Gramin Vidyutikaran Yojna 2339.68
(Centrally Sponsored Scheme )

Non Conventional Energy

185. Non-conventional Energy Development Agency (NEDA) has been created in 1983 in the State as
a Nodal Agency to implement and execute the programmes of non-conventional, alternate and renewable
sources of energy at the State level. In order to make these programmes more viable, acceptable and
known to common people in rural and urban areas, efforts are being made to create project offices at each
district of the state. So far, only 55 projects offices have been established.

Objectives

186. Major objectives of NEDA are as under:

(a) To promote substitute of fossil fuels through extensive use of new and renewable
energy.
(b) Mobilization of financial resources through public and private participation in the
deployment of renewable energy systems / device and for augmentation of
electricity generation through various renewable energy sources.
(c) To meet the minimum energy needs of the people, particularly in the rural areas
through implementation of appropriate schemes.

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 (d) Promoting energy efficiency measure to avoid creation of additional capacity electric
generation in the State.

Strategy for the Eleventh Plan

187. The following strategy is proposed to be adopted in the Eleventh Plan for attainment of objectives
stated above:
(a) Providing facilitation services and cooperation to private developer for setting up
renewable energy based power generation projects in the State.
(b) Formulation of an attractive policy for private developers to tap the hydro power
potential available in the State.
(c) Providing facilitation service to the renewable power developers of the State for the
realization of additional revenue from the "Clean Development Mechanism and
Carbon Trading"
(d) Establishment of sale outlets of renewable energy systems / devices in private sector to
provide the facility of purchasing as well as facility for maintenance of various
renewable energy systems at grass root level.
(e) Involvement of Panchayat, Gram Sabha and local people for implementation and
maintenance of various renewable energy schemes / programmes.
(f) Strengthening of district level infrastructure for larger implementation of programme in
rural areas.
(g) Emphasis on cluster and district area based planning and implementation by way of
cluster plans and district plan to ensure fulfillment of local needs.

Proposed Programmes

188. The Eleventh Five-Year Plan has been formulated on the basis of available resource potential,
objective and strategy. Since the plan is not merely for the public sector outlays. It is proposed to induct
private sector participation with increased inflow of financial investments in the development of renewable
power in the State. Following programmes are proposed to be taken up without State Government’s
financial involvement in the Eleventh Five Year Plan:-

(a) Creation of around 700MW additional capacity from various renewable energy based
power projects especially biomass based generation / co-generation, bagasse based
co-generation, biomass gassifier projects and small hydro power projects etc. This
capacity is likely to be created through private investment. Around Rs.3150.0
crore investment is expected to be incurred by the private developer for creation of
this capacity during Eleventh Plan. Around 350 MW capacity with private

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 investment of around Rs.1500 crore have been created during Tenth Five Year Plan
period through private participation.
(b) Establishment of 270 nos. sale outlets / Akshaya Urja Shops of renewable energy
systems / devices and Energy Conservation systems / devices at Tehsil level in
private sector. During Tenth Plan period, 61 outlets (Aditya shop / Akshaya shop)
at district level have been opened in the State.
(c) Various solar energy systems / devices (solar thermal and solar photovoltaic systems/
devices), bio - energy systems / devices and other renewable energy based
systems for various applications and energy conservation devices for saving energy
are proposed to be deployed on large scale through market route driven mainly by
providing fiscal incentives or financial incentive by Government of India (without
state financial assistance) and by adopting other measures, like-organizing
extensive publicity campaign about the benefits of various renewable energy
systems / devices.
(d) Various policy initiatives will be taken up to promote energy efficiency measures /
devices and demand side management. Training and mass awareness programme
for energy efficiency measures and devices will be conducted. All activities for
enforcement of statutory provisions of energy conservation act-2001 will be
undertaken during Eleventh Five Year Plan.

189. The following programmes of Tenth Plan are also proposed to be undertaken during the Eleventh
Five Year Plan with the financial support of State Government and Government of India. Necessary
modifications, as per Government of India guidelines would also be incorporated in the implementation of
these schemes. These schemes will be implemented especially for the benefit of unprivileged section of
the society living in rural areas:-

Deep Well Pumping (CSS/DS)

190. Inaccessibility of safe drinking water is still a major problem in the rural areas of Uttar Pradesh.
Solar Photovoltaic pump can provide a lasting solution to this problem in the rural areas. Therefore, it is
proposed to install 400nos. such pumps in such villages with the involvement of Gram Panchayat. It is
proposed to provide Rs.2.64 lakh as state financial assistance and Rs.0.36 lakh Government of India
financial assistance for each pump to be used by the community during Eleventh Plan period. The scheme
is proposed to be implemented as per the Govt. of India guidelines.

Solar PV Street Lighting Systems (CSS/DS)

191. In order to provide street lights to the people facing power shortage in the rural areas, it is
proposed to install 40400 nos. pv street lights in such villages. It is proposed to provide Rs.7100 as state
financial assistance and Rs.9600 Government of India financial assistance for each street light to be used

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by the community during Eleventh Plan period. The scheme is proposed to be implemented as per the
Govt. of India guidelines. State share of Rs.28.30 crore is required for this scheme.

Solar Pump for Irrigation (CSS)

192. In order to provide additional irrigation facility to the farmers, it is proposed to deploy 760nos.
solar pv pumps for irrigation (1.8KWp capacity and shallow well pump / surface pump). It is proposed to
provide Rs.60000 as state financial assistance and Rs.50000 Govt. of India financial assistance to
individual farmer for each solar pump during Eleventh Plan period. The scheme will be implemented as
per the Govt. of India guidelines. State share of Rs.4.56 crore is required for this scheme.

Remote Village Electrification (CSS)

193. Remote villages, which could not be covered under Rajiv Gandhi Gramin Vidhyutikaran Yojana,
would be electrified with various renewable energy based systems / devices suitable to the need of such
villages. 90% funding will be arranged from Government of India and 10% funding will be arranged from
State Government / beneficiary for such projects. It is proposed that around 100 remote villages will be
covered during Eleventh Plan. The scheme is proposed to be implemented as per the Govt. of India
guidelines. State share of Rs.6.20 crore is required for this scheme.

194. Total State Share of Rs.39.44 crore is proposed for implementing the above scheme during
Eleventh Plan and Rs. 1.90 crore is proposed for Annual Plan 2007-08.

Integrated Rural Energy Programme (CSS/DS)

195. It is proposed that this scheme will be implemented in all the 70 districts during each year of
Eleventh Five Year Plan. The scheme is being financed on 50:50 basis by State Government and
Government of India. Different activities / programmes will be taken up as per the guidelines of
Government of India for this programme during Eleventh Plan period. State share of Rs.50.00 crore is
required for this scheme/ programme to be implemented during Eleventh Plan.

Bio-energy Mission

196. Bio-energy i.e. bio-fuels of bio-logical and renewable origin like bio-ethanol, bio-diesel and bio-
mass for energy is the subject of increasing attention during Eleventh Five Year Plan in Uttar Pradesh. Oil
prices have climbed to unprecedented heights and concerns about the environmental effects of increased
fossil fuel use are on the rise. Bio-energy appears to offer hope for addressing these concerns and also
providing new opportunities to poor people and farmers of Uttar Pradesh.

197. State Government has extended the role of ‘Jetropha Mission Cell’ set up in the Planning
Department in February 2006 to include, inter alia, the following:
(a) Promotion of bio-diesel

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 (b) Promotion of bio-ethanol (non-sugarcane based)
(c) Promotion of ‘methane farming’ – supply of piped gas to meet cooking fuel
requirements in rural and semi-urban areas
(d) Coordination of a scheme to train Rural Knowledge Workers

198. The “Jetropha Mission Cell” established within Planning Department has over the last two years
worked for promotion of jetropha cultivation in the State using two models: the P-3 (Public-Private-
Partnership) and P-4 (Public-Private-Panchayat-Partnership) models. A separate website in the name
“http://jetrpha.up.nic.in” was launched by Department of Planning in March 2006 which provides full
details of State’s strategy to promote jetropha cultivation in the State apart from details of activities
undertaken. ‘Jetropha Mission Cell’ has shown an alternative service delivery model where Government
acts purely as a facilitator and not as a provider of subsidies and still attains the goals set. The cell has
since been named as ‘Bio-energy Mission Cell’.

199. Some outstanding achievements are as under:

(a) More than 21500 hectare of waste lands, fallow lands and field boundaries have been
brought under jetropha plantation
(b) A project to bring 10 lakh hectares of wastelands in Uttar Pradesh under jetropha
cultivation has been signed by a consortium of M/S Bharat Petroleum Corporation
Limited, Shapoor ji Palon ji & Company & Nandan Bio-Matrix Limited,
Hyderabad wherein an investment of over Rs.1125 crore is expected to be made in
the State by the said consortium during Eleventh Plan and ‘Jetropha Mission Cell’
will act as facilitator.
(c) A unique revenue sharing model has been entered into by a Gram Panchayat of Kanpur
Dehat district and Hyderabad based corporate M/S NANDAN BIO-MATIRIX. In
this model, the Gram Panchayat will get 20% of the net-profit earned on yearly
basis by the plantation activities undertaken by M/s Nandan Bio-Matrix on 100
acres of Panchayat land allotted to the company for a period of 15 years.
(d) Bio-Tech Park, National Botanical Research Institute are actively collaborating with
Jetropha Mission Cell set up by the State Government
(e) Bio-Tech Park, Lucknow, a pioneer in the Bio-fuel sector, which was earlier selling
Jetropha plants to farmers @Rs. 6.00 per plant has now reduced the prices to
Rs.3.00 per plant, thereby setting the bench mark price for quality plant material
being sold in the State by any agency – public or private.
(f) Indian Oil Corporation is fully funding the cost of 20 farmer awareness camps being
organized jointly by Jetropha Mission Cell and IOC.
(g) Over the last two years, District level Farmer’s Awareness Camps were organized in
more than 30 districts which have been fully funded by Corporate bodies / Self
Help Groups / NGOs / Block Pramukhs / Gram Pradhans.

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 (h) An apex body has been set up under the chairmanship of Agriculture Production
Commissioner to formulate and oversee State level Policy on Bio-Diesel.
(i) A Bio-fuel processing unit is being set up at Lucknow and the unit is likely to be
commissioned by end of June 2007. Related marketing arrangements with public
sector petroleum companies has already been tied up.

Employment Generation

200. About 12 lakh persons are expected to get employment during the Eleventh Plan in this sector – 10
lakh in cultivation of jetropha and 2 lakh self employment opportunities through decentralized oil
extraction units in rural areas and organized trade of bio-diesel seeds.

Proposed Outlay

201. State Government proposes to earmark an outlay of Rs.1.50 crore for the proper functioning of the
‘Bio-energy Mission Cell’ during the Eleventh Five Year Plan. The annual allocation will be Rs. 30 lakh
per annum. The Cell will continue to extensively work as a facilitator, catalyst, incubator of ideas in the
Bio-energy sector based on the Public-Private-Partnership model.

Supply of piped methane gas as cooking fuel in rural and semi-urban areas: A step towards
energy self-reliance

202. Uttar Pradesh has the largest livestock population in the country. Large scale availability of cow-
dung and other organic waste in rural areas can be used to produce methane gas (popularly known as bio-
gas) which is an alternate, efficient and cheap source of energy which can meet energy needs of rural
households and farms.

203. It is estimated that with existing cattle population, Uttar Pradesh can produce enough methane gas
to entirely replace LPG and kerosene in cooking, and substitute petrol in transportation. Methane gas can
also generate enough electricity to meet all requirements, at least in rural areas. The by-product can serve
as excellent organic manure, substituting chemical fertilisers which require LNG as feedstock.

204. A comparative measure of energy efficiency is depicted in the Table below:

Commonly used fuels Calorific Value in Kilo calories Thermal efficiency
Methane gas (Bio-gas) 4713/M3 60%
Dung Cake 2093/ Kg 11%
Firewood 4978/ Kg 17.3%
Diesel (HSD) 10550/ Kg 66%
Kerosene 10850/ Kg 50%

Technology

205. Bio-gas production in India was earlier based on aerobic (with oxygen) decomposition of
biological waste in controlled condition. In this method only cow-dung was used. It required daily feeding

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of at least 25 kg. of cow-dung as otherwise gas produced was not economical. Anaerobic (without oxygen)
decay of organic wastes (cow dung and vegetable matter) can be hastened by putting these into insulated,
air-tight containers called digesters. Digesters are of two types:
(j) Batch-load digesters which are filled all at once, sealed, and emptied when the raw
material has stopped producing gas; and
(k) Continuous-load digesters which are fed a little, regularly, so that gas and fertilizer are
produced continuously.

206. The digester is fed with a mixture of water and wastes, called "slurry." Inside the digester, each
daily load of fresh slurry flows in one end and displaces the previous day's load which bacteria and other
microbes have already started to digest. Each load progresses down the length of the digester to a point
where the methane bacteria are active. At this point large bubbles force their way to the surface where the
gas accumulates. The gas is very similar to natural gas and can be burned directly for heat and light, stored
for future use, or compressed to power heat engines. This gas has 68 per cent methane3 and 31 per cent
carbon dioxide. It is passed through lime water to remove the carbon dioxide and over iron fillings to
remove H2S. It then becomes enriched with methane. A compressor can extract and compress this
methane gas into portable cylinders. These methane gas cylinders can then be used for cooking, or in
automobiles and two wheelers.

Advantages

207. Major advantages are as under:

(a) Sanitation: with proper management of animal waste village will be clean leading to
better health and hygiene in rural areas
(b) Energy security: conversion of organic waste into methane and its use as fuel will lead
o energy security because the fossil fuel is not going to last more than 30-40 years.
(c) Pollution control: normally aerobic decay of organic waste leads to emission of green
house gases like carbon dioxide or carbon monoxide. The process of methanation
reduces green house gas emission and helps in arresting depletion of the ozone
layer. This is likely to earn carbon credits.
(d) Employment generation: Such plants can be easily set up and operated at village level
and can be managed by women self help groups or local entrepreneurs with very
small investment. Since the product has a captive market the plant is bound to be
economically viable and generate employment opportunity for a large number of
people.

208. Government of Uttar Pradesh has decided to promote methane farming on a large scale in both
rural and semi-urban areas of the State during the Eleventh Plan. A project report has been prepared by the

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‘Bio-Energy Mission Cell’ in the Planning Department, Government of Uttar Pradesh which is being
appraised by the Bankers.

Project Details

209. It is estimated that a 300 cubic metre community bio-gas plant can meet the full cooking energy
requirement of a village having 200 households and a population of about 1000-1100 persons. The
estimated project cost will come to about Rs.20 lakh. In preliminary discussions held with Bankers, it has
been suggested that the project is commercially viable and Bankers will be willing to fund it. However,
initially State Government could provide capital subsidy of 25 percent as ‘back-ended subsidy’ to be given
after the project has been commissioned and completed successful trial run of about six months and so
testified by the Banker financing the project; promoter should put 25 percent margin money and balance
50 percent should be provided by Banks as loan. If necessary, State Government could also provide some
interest subsidy. The promoter could be any company / cooperative body / Self Help Group /individual.

Pilot Projects

210. Two pilot projects are proposed to be commissioned shortly. These are as under:
(a) Piped Bio-gas supply to Rural House-holds through community Bio-gas plant at village
Mishrawallia in Ballia district with financial assistance from UNICEF.
(b) Piped Bio-gas supply to Rural House-holds through community Bio-gas plant at village
Mullahi Khera in Lucknow district with financial assistance from Rajiv Gandhi
Foundation.

Way Forward

211. During Eleventh Five Year Plan, State Government proposes to cover about 10000 revenue
villages under this scheme. Salient features of the scheme are as under:
(a) 10000 revenue villages to become self reliant regarding their daily energy requirement
for cooking purposes
(b) About 1 lakh rural youth will get regular employment opportunities
(c) An investment of about Rs.2000 crore likely in rural areas of Uttar Pradesh
(d) Carbon-Credit points (C.C.P.) can be gained in the long run which may earn valuable
foreign exchange for the country and further increase commercial viability of the
project.

Proposed Outlay

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212. State Government proposes to earmark an outlay of Rs.500 crore for this project during the
Eleventh Five Year Plan. The scheme will be executed as a Public-Private-Partnership project. The ‘Bio-
energy Mission Cell’ in the Planning Department will oversee the implementation of this scheme.

213. The proposed annual and total outlay for the scheme is as under:

(Rs. In crore)
Year Total no. of Supply of piped Total Cost Proposed Plan
gas projects proposed in U.P. Outlay
2007-2008 100 20.00 5.00
2008-2009 1000 200.00 50.00
2009-2010 2500 500.00 125.00
2010-2011 3000 600.00 150.00
2011-2012 3400 680.00 170.00
Total 10000 2000.00 500.00

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 Rural Water Supply

214. Uttar Pradesh has by and large met the basic need of supply of safe drinking water to all
inhabitants, with the exception of a few chemically affected areas. More than 1.62 million hand pumps
have been installed for a rural population of approximately 130 million. Thus, average of one hand pump
for approximately 80 persons is well above the minimum need criterion of 1:250 set by the Government of
India. In these circumstances, the State Government envisages a new role for itself in the Eleventh Plan. It
seeks to play the role of a facilitator rather than service provider, and the objective is to encourage
communities to enhance water supply beyond the basic level by taking up piped water supply with 50%-
70% private connections in all villages and improvement in quality of water supply through support to
community based water quality monitoring and surveillance programme.

215. The state of Uttar Pradesh is in the happy position of having virtually reached the saturation level
for rural water supply in terms of minimum needs. State has also taken initiative in involving communities
in planning, implementation, managing and Operation & Maintenance of their water supply schemes, first
through the world bank aided Swajal Project (implemented in 07 districts of Bundelkhand), Sector
Reforms (Jalnidhi) Programme (implemented in 05 districts) and now through Swajaldhara Programme.
Out of 97084 villages in the State, 4745 villages (Swajal + Sector Reforms + Swajaldhara) have been
covered through community based and demand responsive approach. The local community is presently
paying for services in nearly 2,000 main villages of GP’s. These programmes indicate the general direction
in which the sector is moving to ensure sustainable development.

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216. The number of villages covered in various programmes (Ninth and Tenth Plan) are given in
Annexure-1.

Reforms in Water & Sanitation sector in Uttar Pradesh

217. Government of Uttar Pradesh has submitted the draft Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) to
GoI underscoring its commitment to reforms in water and sanitation sector. The MoU is expected to be
formally signed shortly. The salient features of the MoU are as under:
(a) The State Government and the Panchayati Raj Institutions realize their Constitutional
obligation to (i) provide access to safe drinking water to the rural population; and
(ii) ensure that all segments of rural society, are imparted basic knowledge of the
advantages of hygiene and environmental sanitation, and are supported in the use
of this knowledge, for improving health and reducing poverty.
(b) The State Government is committed to follow the parameters of Centrally Sponsored
schemes pertaining to rural Drinking Water and Sanitation sector, including the
following priorities for coverage of rural habitation:-
• Meeting the Bharat Nirman targets :

(a) There are no CAP 99 habitations in Uttar Pradesh.

(b) All water Quality affected habitations are proposed to be covered in Eleventh Plan.

(c) All the slipped back/newly emerged habitations are proposed to be covered with
safe water supply in the year 2006-07.
• Habitations inhabited exclusively by SC/ST or having more than State average
SC/ST population are being covered under priority. Habitations where SC/ST
population will be more than 50% of the total population, cash contribution will
not be mandatory. However community contribution may be either in the form of
cash/labour/material/land. State may provide 50% subsidy in community
contribution.
• Uncovered schools and Anganwadis are being taken up for providing safe
drinking water with ARWSP funds or awards of Finance Commission.
• The State Government commits itself to the following reform principles in the
Water Sector and to promote Swajaldhara (demand responsive and community
based) throughout the State, on the reforms principles:-

(a) Adoption of a demand-responsive, adaptable approach along with

community participation based on empowerment of villagers to ensure their
full participation in the project through a decision making role in the choice of
the drinking water scheme, planning, design, implementation, control of
finances and management arrangements;

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(b) Legal ownership, and responsibilities for public drinking water and
environmental sanitation assets to be with the Village Water and Sanitation
Committee or Regional Water and Sanitation Committee;

(c) VWSCs to have the powers to plan, implement, operate, maintain and
manage all water supply schemes,

(d) The community shall contribute 10% of the capital cost of water supply
where the need of 40 lpcd has been met. This will be upto service level of 55
lpcd with 50% house connection. The State proposes to provide for 70 lpcd as
the service level with 50% house connection in the rural areas. In this case the
community contribution will be 20% of the cost of the scheme, but in both
cases, the community contribution will be 50% in form of cash and 50% in
form of cash/kind/labour/land. If the community contribution per family will
be more than 10 days of minimum wage of a person, partial assistance shall be
provided by the State Government.

(e) 100% responsibility of Operation and Maintenance (O&M) by the users.

Cost of O&M to be borne 100% by users upto a certain limit i.e. if the O&M
charges per family per month are upto one day’s minimum wage. Partial
assistance shall be given by the Finance Commission or by the State
Government beyond the specified limit.

(f) Linkages between water supply, sanitation and hygiene are recognized
and reflected in policies and plans at all levels.

(g) The monitoring of water quality (to ensure that it is safe) is the
responsibility of the supplier i.e. the Panchayats, with capacity building
support from the CCDU/DWSC. The Village Water and Sanitation Committee
will be responsible for water quality monitoring and surveillance;

(h) Each water supply scheme will incorporate conservation measures, rain
water harvesting and ground water recharge systems for source sustainability;

(i) Changing the role of Government from direct service delivery to policy
formulation, strategic planning, coordination, facilitation and supporting
community management;

(j) Enabling men and women to participate equally in all decision making,
the control of assets and participation in training;

(k) Enabling the participation of the poor and marginalized in all decision
making, and ensure that they equally benefit of project outputs;

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 (l) Establish effective coordination mechanisms with the Health and
Education Departments, at all levels; and

(m) NGOs/Government Department/Corporation/Private Institutions

have an important role in community level social mobilisation, hygiene
promotion, construction supervision and capacity building.
(c) The State government is committed to attain full sanitation coverage in the rural areas
by the end of Eleventh Plan. State Government is regularly releasing its state share
since beginning of the project with focus on total sanitation including hygiene
promotion through effective communication strategy. CCDU will formulate the
IEC strategy to promote sanitation and hygiene habits for reduction of water and
sanitation related diseases. Sanitary survey will be done on every source at least
once in a year.
(d) The State government hereby commits itself to enhance its share on releases for the
period of Eleventh Plan, if required in water and sanitation sector against the
central share released to attain the goals set by the central and state government.
(e) National Rural Drinking Water Quality Monitoring and Surveillance Programme has
already been launched in the State. Industrial Toxicology Research Centre is the
state referral institute for providing technical support. Health inputs are being
provided by Social Preventive Medicine Department, KGMU. Jal Nigam is
responsible for providing field test kits, H2S Strips and managing district level
laboratories in all districts. Information, Education and Communication and Human
Resource Development activities are being carried out by CCDU. Overall
implementation policy is under the supervision of SWSM.
(f) Take effective action regarding ground water extraction control, regulation and
recharge by the State Government, Rooftop rain water harvesting will be
encouraged to meet the water needs in the lean season.
(g) The State Government has integrated rural drinking water, environmental sanitation,
health, and hygiene programmes at the State level by State Water and Sanitation
Mission, at District level by DWSC, at Gram Panchayat levels by VWSC. Under
National Drinking Water Quality Programme participation of Aanganwadi, ICDS,
Health and Education Department has been ensured at all levels.
(h) Village Water and Sanitation Committee will be responsible for the day to day
operation and maintenance of the schemes at the village level. In multi village
schemes Regional Water and Sanitation Committees will act as the operator of the
scheme. The operator will be responsible for day to day operation and maintenance
at scheme level and for delivery of agreed quantum of water to the participating
villages at bulk rates. VWSCs in the villages will be responsible for local
distribution, maintenance, retail billing and collection.

[ 268 ]
Physical & Financial Performance

218. A brief review of the programme during Tenth Plan reveals that against a target of 6241 schemes,
3339 schemes were completed with an amount of Rs.3701.77 lakh. Government of India released an
amount of Rs.9276.49 lakh during the corresponding period.
Physical and Financial Progress of Swajaldhara during the period of Tenth Five Year Plan

(Rs. in Lakh)
Year No. of Funds Expenditure No of Target Completed Under
Districts Released by GPs Schemes Construction
GOI
923.06
1038.59
2002-03 16 490 2786 2428 358
762.16
1440.31
2003-04 22 130 498 9 489
957.07
1234.13
2004-05 17 353 1258 639 619
1059.48
2680.33
2005-06 30 630 1699 263 1436
0.00
2883.13
2006-07 29 1905 * - -
9276.49
Total 3701.77 3508 6241 3339 2902

Rural Water Supply

219. The state has about 97,084 revenue villages. According to the sector study analysis, about 7,760
villages are suffering from chemical pollution in ground water and depletion in water table. It is proposed
to cover all the 97,084 villages in the state by pipe water supply system with at least 50% private house
connections in the next 21 years. It is proposed that 19,000 normal villages and 7,760 quality affected
villages would be covered in Eleventh Five Year Plan. Thus, 26,760 villages are proposed to be saturated
by piped water supply schemes by 2012 based on demand driven and community participation approach.
The selection of villages will be demand driven.

Cost Norms for Single Village Water Supply Schemes

220. The approach under the action plan will be to have Single Village (SV) schemes except in areas
suffering from water quality problems or lack of access to the safe source, where Multi Village (MV)
schemes will be thought of. As per 2001 Census, the rural population in the State is 13.20 crore.
Considering the decadal growth rate of 25.80% between 1991-2001 in rural population, and an estimated
life for 21 years of water supply schemes, the design population has been estimated as 21.37 crore in rural
areas of the State.

221. The region wise design population and its break up for Single village and Multi-village schemes, is
as stated below:-

[ 269 ]
 (Population in crore)
Region Total Population Population of MV Schemes Net for SV coverage
West 709.1 86.82 622.28
Central 365.8 101.24 264.56
Eastern 954.5 159.1 795.4
Bundelkhand 108.2 4.28 103.92
Total 2137.6 351.44 1786.16

222. For the estimation of capital investment in UP, cost estimate of a model ‘Single Village’ Scheme
has been done based on region-wise average cost of ‘single village’ schemes in UP. The total cost estimate
has been worked out keeping in view the design population of the village by the end of 21 st year, demand
of water per day @ 70 lpcd, percentage of probable villages under various population sizes, pumping head,
capacity of pumping plant, capacity of DG set/ transmission lines, capacity of over head tank along with
their average unit costs, estimated in the Sector Study conducted by the SWAJAL Project Management
Unit.

Cost of Single Village Schemes

223. Considering the fact that there are 97,084 villages in the state and that rural population as per
census 2001 is 13.20 crore, the per-village population is estimated to be 1360. Considering the decadal
growth rate of population of 25.8% in up between1991-2001 and with an annual growth rate of 2.32%, the
design population of a village, considering a 21 year life-span of schemes, would be 2152. based on this,
the average cost of a single village scheme would work out to Rs.26,29,744.

Implementation time frame

224. The average time required to implement all the four phases of the scheme cycle is 36 months.
Based on scheme cycle, present cost of Single Village scheme is as below:-

# Stage No. of Months (Scheme- Per village Cost of Single

cycle) Village Schemes (Rs.)
1 Pre-planning 6 25,000
2 Planning 6 1,00,000
3 Implementation 18 26,30,154
4 Operation & Maintenance 6 25,000
Phase
Total 36 27,80,155

225. The cost of Water Supply works are expected to rise over the years at an annual inflation rate of 4
% per annum. Based on these assumptions, the year wise investment of Single Village Water Supply
Schemes covering 19,000 villages @ 70 lpcd, with minimum 50% house connection, will be as follows:-

[ 270 ]
 Year No. of Per Village Design Per Capita HW Per Village HW Investment Cost
Villages Population Population Cost Cost (Rs. In crore)
per village (in Rs.) (Rs. In lakh)
1 2 3 4 5 6 (4*5) 7 (2*6)
2007 3000 1360 2152 1222.00 26.30 789.00
2008 3000 1392 2202 1271.00 27.99 839.70
2009 4000 1424 2253 1322.00 29.78 1191.20
2010 4000 1457 2306 1375.00 31.69 1267.60
2011 5000 1491 2359 1430.00 33.73 1686.50
Total 19000 5774.00

226. The above plan has been prepared with following time bound targets in mind:-
 Coverage of all villages with design population greater or equal to 10,000 by single
village pipe water supply systems @70 lpcd in the first five years (2007-2012).

 Coverage of all villages with design population greater or equal to 5,000 by single
village pipe water supply systems @70 lpcd in the first five years (2007-2012).

 Coverage of main village of every 52,028 Gram Panchayat in the state by single
village pipe water supply systems @ 70 lpcd in the next ten years.

 Coverage of all 97,084 villages by single village pipe water supply systems @ 70 lpcd
in twenty one years (by 2025).

Per Capita Cost Norm for Multi Village Water Supply Schemes

227. For Multi Village schemes, the average per capita cost of schemes based on “ground water
source”, according to the Regional Study conducted under the Swajal project, works out to Rs.1000.00,
while for multi-village schemes based on “surface water source”, the per capita cost of schemes on design
population, is about Rs.3400.00.

228. The year wise investment for Multi-village schemes covering 7760 villages, keeping in view
inflation growth at 4% per annum, population growth at 2.32 % per annum along with scheme cycle and
software costs same as for ‘Single Village schemes, will be as follows :-
Year No. of Per Village Design Per Capita Per Village HW Cost Proposed
Villages Population Population HW (Cost Investment
per village in Rs.) (Rs. In lakh) (Rs. In crore)
1 2 3 4 5 6 (4*5) 7 (2*6)
2007 500 1360 2152 1925.00 41.43 207.15
2008 1000 1392 2202 2002.0 44.09 440.90

[ 271 ]
2009 1500 1424 2253 2082.00 46.92 703.80
2010 2000 1457 2306 2165.00 49.93 998.60
2011 2760 1491 2359 2252.00 53.13 1466.38
Total 7760 3816.83

229. From above it is clear that total investment of Rs.3816.83 crore will be required for
implementation of Multi-village schemes for 7760 water quality affected villages.

Combined Cost of Drinking Water Supply systems

230. The combined cost of all Single Village and Multi Village water supply schemes and year wise
investment is placed below:-

Year No. of No. of No. of Investment Cost Investment Cost Investment Cost in
Villages SV Villages MV Villages in Crores in Crores Crores
SV MV Total

1 2 3 4 5 6 7
2007-08 3000 500 3500 789.00 207.15 996.15
2008-09 3000 1000 4000 839.70 440.90 1280.60
2009-10 4000 1500 5500 1191.20 703.80 1895.00
2010-11 4000 2000 6000 1267.60 998.60 2266.20
2011-12 5000 2760 7760 1686.50 1466.38 3152.88
Total 19000 7760 26760 5774.00 3816.83 9590.83

Water Conservation

231. Since all 97,084 villages in the state are proposed to be covered through Piped Water supply
systems at 70 lpcd by 2028, the issue of source-sustainability will assume paramount importance. While
investing in creation of new water supply distribution infrastructure, State must also simultaneously
provide for water conservation activities so as to ensure “source-sustainability” till the design period and
life of these Piped Water Supply systems.

232. Detailed analysis of the present ground water situation considering following factors has been
carried out.
(a) Average annual rainfall in the district.
(b) Demand for irrigation and industrial uses, etc. i.e. overall extraction of ground water.
(c) Depletion in ground water table.

233. Based on these factors, districts where exploitation of recharged ground water is more than 80%
are classified as ‘critical’. Such districts are Badayun, Aligarh, Jyotiba Phule Nagar and Lakhimpur Kheri.
Districts where exploitation of recharged ground water is more than 70%, are classified as ‘semi-critical’.
Six districts in this category are Moradabad, Agra, Ferozabad, Etah, Bareilly and Sitapur.

[ 272 ]
234. The Central Ground Water Board has established observation wells where regular monitoring of
rise and fall of ground water table is done. During the last decade the fall in water table is classified in two
categories i.e. where ground water table has fallen by more than 4 metres and those where ground water
has fallen by less than 4 metres.

235. For ensuring sustainability of water sources following works are being proposed:
(a) Deepening of existing ponds/ Construction of new ponds.
(b) Plantation in villages

236. Deepening of ponds will be taken up on priority in villages, which fall under “critical” and “semi-
critical” blocks. It is proposed to deepen the existing ponds, which have sufficient catchment-area, so that
the extra storage created through deepening is used for use in the recharging the ground water. Plantation
around the pond will also be done for stability of embankment, for minimizing evaporation losses from the
pond during summer as well as for recharging of ground water through plants by intercepting rainfall
runoff.

Cost-Estimation for Water Conservation activities

237. Water conservation activities have been taken up mainly under ‘Adarsh Jalashaya Yojana’ and
National Rural Employment Guarantee Act under Ministry of Rural Development. However under the
Swajaldhara programme, it is proposed to construct new ponds or deepening of existing ponds along with
plantation of 1,000 plants in each village.

238. The water conservation activities mentioned above will cost as under:-

 Constructing new ponds/ deepening of existing pond

On an average, 1.5 ponds per village in all villages of state will be constructed or deepened, with
priority given to critical villages first.

 Plantation
Around 1000 plants per village shall be planted.

239. Based on above, the cost of water conservation activities phased over a period of 05 years
will be as under:-
Year No. of No. of Unit cost of Total cost Total no. Unit cost Total cost Total
village ponds deepening of Ponds of plants of of Water
s deepened of pond (Rs. in to be plantation plantation Conservati
(col. 2 X considering Crore) planted with 4% (Rs. in on Cost
1.5) 4% (col.2) x inflation Crore) (Rs. in
inflation 1000 Rs.10.0 crore)
(Rs. in (Base)
Lakh)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 (4*5) 9
3500 5250 1.50 78.75 35.00 10.00 3.50 82.25
2007-08
4000 6000 1.56 93.60 40.00 10.40 4.16 97.76
2008-09

[ 273 ]
Year No. of No. of Unit cost of Total cost Total no. Unit cost Total cost Total
village ponds deepening of Ponds of plants of of Water
s deepened of pond (Rs. in to be plantation plantation Conservati
(col. 2 X considering Crore) planted with 4% (Rs. in on Cost
1.5) 4% (col.2) x inflation Crore) (Rs. in
inflation 1000 Rs.10.0 crore)
(Rs. in (Base)
Lakh)
5500 8250 1.62 133.84 55.00 10.82 5.95 139.79
2009-10
6000 9000 1.69 151.86 60.00 11.25 6.75 158.61
2010-11
7760 11640 1.75 204.26 77.60 11.70 9.08 213.33
2011-12
26760 40140 662.31 29.44 691.74
Total

USE OF GIS & GMS IN GROUND WATER EXPLORATION

Geographic Information System

240. Geographic Information System (GIS) helps in integrating the geographic data with key decision
support database. It helps in getting the “holistic” view and to analyze decision support database & get
results in map form with excellent report generating tool. Holistic view with full details of the surface and
ground water situation, along with drainage contours and affected population, for all the villages in the
state could be used as a Decision Support System. The State could be divided based on topography and
hydro-geological conditions for making region wise strategies for solving water supply problems. A region
wise A,B,C analyses will be possible based on water scarcity, ground water exploitation and annual
recharge based on rainfall and run-off. This is necessary for planned development of the rural water supply
sector.

Groundwater Modelling System

241. Groundwater Modelling System (GMS) is a comprehensive graphical user environment for
performing groundwater simulations. The entire GMS system consists of a graphical user interface. GMS
helps to analyze the village level micro ground water situation using Hand pump/ Tube well bore data and
analyzing causes for success & failure of bores. It helps to find out best locations for fresh bores and
recharging, for sustainability of water sources. Based on three-dimensional profile of various strata and the
cross section it is possible to locate the site where probability of ground water is maximum since water is
available in soft rock formation only. Probable sites for locating water-recharging structures so that water
could transmit to the sources can also be identified as GMS gives transmissibility of ground water.

[ 274 ]
Cost for GIS/GMS Ground Water Exploration (approx.)

242. To be met from the IEC/HRD/Administrative cost on actual basis.

Total no. of Per village GIS/GMS Total Cost Centre Total Cost
villages Cost (Rs.) (Rs. in Development Cost (Rs. in crore)
crore) (17division X 0.10
crore)
1 2 3 4 5 (3+4)
26,760 20,000.00 53.52 1.70 55.22

635

Waste Water Management :

243. The Waste Water Management will be done by construction soak pits and drains.

(a) Soak pit

Soak pit will be constructed near those households and hand pumps where provision of
appropriate drainage facility is not possible due to technical reasons and cost
considerations. It is assumed that at least 10% households in very village of the state
will acquire these facilities. Each soak pit will cost around Rs.450.
(b) Underground Drains

On an average 1.5 km underground drain will be constructed in every village. Average

cost of drain is Rs.2 lakh per km.

244. Based on above need and average cost, financial estimates for Village Environmental Action Plan
has been done as follows, keeping also in view inflation in the cost @ 4% per annum:-
Year No. of Total Per Km. Total cost Total Unit cost Total cost of Total Cost
villages Length drain cost for Drain No. of of Soak Soak pit of Waste
of Drain consideri (Rs. in crore) Soak pit pit (Rs. in crore) Water
@ 1.5 ng 4% (No. of consideri Manageme
km per inflation villages ng 4% nt
village X 22) inflation (Rs. in
crore)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 (6*7) 9

[ 275 ]
Year No. of Total Per Km. Total cost Total Unit cost Total cost of Total Cost
villages Length drain cost for Drain No. of of Soak Soak pit of Waste
of Drain consideri (Rs. in crore) Soak pit pit (Rs. in crore) Water
@ 1.5 ng 4% (No. of consideri Manageme
km per inflation villages ng 4% nt
village X 22) inflation (Rs. in
crore)
2007-08 3500 2.00 105.00 77000 450.00 3.47 108.47
5250
2008-09 4000 2.08 124.80 88000 468.00 4.12 128.92
6000
2009-10 5500 2.16 178.46 121000 487.00 5.89 184.35
8250
2010-11 6000 2.25 202.47 132000 506.00 6.68 209.16
9000
2011-12 7760 2.34 272.34 170720 526.00 8.98 281.32
11640
Total 26760 883.07 29.14 912.22

Total Provision under demand responsive Swajaldhara for Eleventh Five Year Plan (including water
supply, water conservation and waste water management)
(Rs. in crores)
Year No. of Water Supply Water Conservation Waste Water Total Cost
villages Cost Cost Management
Cost

1 2 3 4 5 6 (3+4+5)
2007 3500 82.25 108.47
996.15
1186.87
2008 4000 97.76 128.92
1280.60
1507.28
2009 5500 139.80 184.35
1895.00
2219.15
2010 6000 158.61 209.16
2266.20
2633.97
2011 7760 213.34 281.32
3152.88
3647.54
Total 26760 691.76 912.22
9590.83
11194.81

245. Based on above, the total investment cost and community contribution will be as follows
(Rs. in crore)
Year No. of Total Cost (water supply + Community Government of
Villages water conservation + waste contribution India / State
water management) @20% Share

[ 276 ]
 1 2 3 4 5
2007 3500 1186.87 237.37 949.50
2008 4000 1507.28 301.46 1205.82
2009 5500 2219.15 443.83 1775.32
2010 6000 2633.97 526.79 2107.18
2011 7760 3647.54 729.51 2918.03
Total 26760 11194.81 2238.96 8955.85
636

Provision for Special Component

246. Habitations inhabited exclusively by SC/ST or having more than district average SC/ST
population are being covered under priority. Habitations where SC/ST population will be more than the
district average will be covered under the special component plan. Since all habitations have been covered
upto 40 lpcd service level and all slipped back / newly emerged habitations are proposed to be provided
safe water supply by March, 2007, therefore, now State can move to provide the 70 lpcd service level with
50% household connections for the long term sustainability of safe drinking water in rural areas. District
wise and Tehsil wise list of number of villages where SC/ST population are more than respective SC/ST
population percentage in district are given in Annexure-2.

247. The technology will be pipe water supply. It is proposed that 10% of no. of villages from every
tehsil would be covered under special component in each financial year of Eleventh Plan. Though entire
programme is based on demand driven approach, however, under special component, priority will be given
to AMBEDKAR villages in respective tehsils and intensive IEC activities would be focused on these
villages to generate demand. These villages in every district would be over and above normal villages,
which have already been taken under Eleventh plan in normal budget. Out of 97,942 revenue villages, the
total no. of villages having SC% population above district average are 47313. Now, in Eleventh Plan,
nearly 4,700 villages will be covered in the special component plan in every year. Apart from these
villages, if any village having SC/ST population more than the district average and is ready to contribute
20% as community contribution, will be considered as normal village and funds from normal budget will
be available for such villages.

Community Contribution under Special Component

248. Under special component, cash contribution will not be mandatory. However community
contribution may be either in the form of cash/labour/material/land. State may provide 50% subsidy in
community contribution so that actual community contribution will be 10% and rest 10% would be
provided by the State. If community contribution burden will be more than 5 day’s minimum wage of a
person, then the balance amount again will be borne by the State Government like normal scheme.

Operation & Maintenance under Special Component

[ 277 ]
249. The community would be responsible for Operation & Maintenance, village water and sanitation
committee of Gram Panchayat will be the owner of pipe water supply assets. Institutional, financial and
technical system for operation & maintenance will be developed and SWSM/DWSC will be responsible
for providing technical support and capacity building of community for operation & maintenance through
CCDU. User charges for operation & maintenance will be 50% of the one day minimum wages of a
person. The rest will be borne by the 12th Finance Commission/State Government.

250. Per village cost under special component for above proposal will be as per normal village
norms and the cost break-up for water supply, water conservation and waste water management for 5 years
will be as under;
Water Supply
Year No. of Per Village Design Per Capita HW Per Village HW Investment Cost
Villages Population Population Cost Cost (Rs. in Crore)
per village (Rs.) (Rs. in lakhs)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 (2*6)
2007-08 4700 1360 2152 1222 26.30 1236.10
2008-09 4700 1392 2202 1271 27.99 1315.53
2009-10 4700 1424 2253 1322 29.78 1399.66
2010-11 4700 1457 2306 1375 31.69 1489.43
2011-12 4700 1491 2359 1430 33.73 1585.31
Total 23500 7026.03
Water Conservation
Year No. of No. of Unit cost Total cost of Total no. Unit cost Total cost Total Water
villages ponds of Ponds of plants to of of Conservation
deepened deepening (Rs. in be planted plantation plantation Cost
of pond Crore) Col.2 x with 4% (Rs. in (Rs. in
considerin 1000 inflation Crore) Crore)
g 4% (Rs. in Rs.10.0
inflation Lakhs) (Base)
1 2 3 4 5 (3*4) 6 7 8 (6*7) 9 (5+8)
2007-08 4700 7050 1.50 105.75 47.00 10.00 4.70 110.45
2008-09 4700 7050 1.56 109.98 47.00 10.40 4.89 114.87
2009-10 4700 7050 1.62 114.21 47.00 10.82 5.09 119.30
2010-11 4700 7050 1.69 119.15 47.00 11.25 5.29 124.44
2011-12 4700 7050 1.75 123.38 47.00 11.70 5.50 128.88
Total 23500 35250 572.47 25.47 597.94

Waste Water Management

Year No. of Total Per Km. Total cost Total Unit cost of Total Total Cost
villages Length drain cost for Drain No. of Soak pit cost of of Waste
of Drain considering (in Crore) Soak pit considering Soak pit Water
@ 1.5 4% inflation (25 per 4% inflation (in Manageme
km per village) Crore) nt (Rs
village Crores)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 (5+8)

[ 278 ]
Year No. of Total Per Km. Total cost Total Unit cost of Total Total Cost
villages Length drain cost for Drain No. of Soak pit cost of of Waste
of Drain considering (in Crore) Soak pit considering Soak pit Water
@ 1.5 4% inflation (25 per 4% inflation (in Manageme
km per village) Crore) nt (Rs
village Crores)
2007-08 4700 7050 2.00 141.00 117500 450.00 5.29 146.29
2008-09 4700 7050 2.08 146.64 117500 468.00 5.50 152.14
2009-10 4700 7050 2.16 152.28 117500 487.00 5.72 158.00
2010-11 4700 7050 2.25 158.63 117500 506.00 5.95 164.58
2011-12 4700 7050 2.34 164.97 117500 526.00 6.18 171.15
Total 23500 35250 763.52 587500 28.64 792.16

Total provision under Special Component Plan

Year No. of Water Supply Water Conservation Waste Water Total Cost
villages Cost Cost Management Cost (Rs. in crore)
(Rs. in crore) (Rs. in crore) (Rs. in crore)
1 2 3 4 5 6 (3+4+5)
2007 4700 1236.10 110.45 146.29 1492.84
2008 4700 1315.53 114.87 152.14 1582.54
2009 4700 1399.66 119.30 158.00 1676.96
2010 4700 1489.43 124.44 164.58 1778.45
2011 4700 1585.31 128.88 171.15 1885.34
Total 23500 7026.03 597.94 792.16 8416.13

251. Based on above, the total investment cost and community contribution under Special Component
Plan will be as under:
Year No. of Total Cost (water supply+ Community GOI/State
Villages water conservation + waste contribution Share
water management) in crore @10% (in crore)

2007 4700 1492.84 149.28 1343.56

2008 4700 1582.54 158.25 1424.29
2009 4700 1676.96 167.70 1509.26
2010 4700 1778.45 177.85 1600.61
2011 4700 1885.34 188.53 1696.81
Total 23500 8416.13 841.61 7574.52

Communication and Capacity Development Unit (CCDU)

252. Government of India has sanctioned to support one Communication and Capacity Development
Unit (CCDU) in each State. CCDU will identify and develop own network resource at State, District and
village level for communication and capacity development in the State. CCDU will co-ordinate the work
of the Regional Resource Centres (RRC) and disseminate the National strategies.

[ 279 ]
253. In Uttar Pradesh CCDU is located under State Water & Sanitation Mission. It is headed by Project
Coordinator with four consultants and two support staff for implementation of IEC & Capacity
Development of all Stake holders for the implementation of SWAJALDHARA, TSC and National Rural
Drinking Water Quality Monitoring & Surveillance Programme.

Information Education Communication (IEC)

254. Since entire program is demand-responsive and is based on capital cost sharing by the community
and that the program is to be managed by community, the role of IEC activities will be of paramount
importance. IEC cost will be not more than 5% of the total project cost (as per annex-2).

Human Resource Development (HRD)

255. Since the communities are required to Plan, Implement and do the Operations and Management of
all rural water supply systems, their capacity will have to be built, so that they can implement the program
in their own right and also ensure its sustainability. Thus, the ‘demand responsive’ and ‘community
management’ nature of this program necessitates the capacity building of PRIs and Communities.

256. The capacity building program will be based on the following aspects:-
• Technical
• Financial
• Operational

257. Infrastructure facilities of State Institute of Rural Development (SIRD), Bakshi Ka Talab,
Lucknow will be used for conducting HRD activities. The District Institutes of Rural Development (DIRD)
and all existing Training Institutes of the State will also be used for this purpose. The training of trainers
and refresher courses will be conducted for DIRD staff at the SIRD. Also exposure visits to successful
projects along with Orientation Courses will be conducted with the help of various training support units
like IIT, Kanpur; IIT, Roorkee and other relevant organizations and NGOs. The cost of HRD activities is
estimated to be 5% of the total infrastructure cost.

Administrative Cost

258. The State Water Sanitation Mission will manage the entire program at the state level and Zila
Panchayats at district level. A core group will be constituted in each district with following professionals:
(a) Community Development Specialist.
(b) IEC Specialist
(c) Senior Engineering Consultant
(d) Engineering Consultant

[ 280 ]
Total Sanitation Campaign

Sanitation and Initiatives

259. Water supply and sanitation were added to the national agenda during the 1st Five Year Plan of the
country, but actual emphasis was given to the programme during eighties when International Decade For
Water Supply and Sanitation was declared and India’s first nation wide programme of CRSP was launched
in 1986 with the objective of improving the quality of life of the rural people and to provide privacy and
dignity to the women. The programme launched was mainly based on supply driven approach, highly
subsidised, promotion of single construction model and no clear cut guidelines about the involvement of
PRIs, SHGs ,NGOs and other community based organizations. This resulted in slow progress of the
programme and whatever toilets were constructed, uses were very poor due to lack of awareness, poor
construction standards, high cost designs and non involvement of beneficiaries. Same approach continued
till 1999 when demand based Total Sanitation Campaign started under Restructured Centrally Sponsored
Rural Sanitation Programme. It was a policy reform advocating of a shift from high subsidy to low subsidy
regime, greater house hold involvement, demand responsiveness, different technological options before the
community, strong supply chain with the establishment of RSMs/ production centers and greater emphasis
on IEC activities. School sanitation and Anaganwadi sanitation were added as essential components to
prepare children as the change agents for sanitation have been given the responsibility of promotion of
sanitation in rural areas.

260. As per 73rd constitutional amendment PRIs have been given the responsibility of promotion of
sanitation in rural areas. This function has already been mentioned in the Eleventh schedule under Art 243
G of the constitution of India. In Uttar Pradesh, in 2004-05 GPs started large scale promotion of sanitation
under TSC, with the help of additional special incentives to the beneficiaries so that they can construct
their own toilet with simple brick superstructure.

Present status of Sanitation coverage in Uttar Pradesh

261. As per the latest census report (2001), sanitation coverage in India was only 36.4% in total. Out of
that rural coverage was only 21.9%. This is also a matter of concern, that some of the toilets counted
during census were not sanitary toilets and even dry latrines were also taken into account. This is evident
from the fact that out of the rural coverage only 7.1% households have WC toilets which are the most
sanitized toilets. The details of coverage status is as follows-

• Total no of rural families 2.40 Crore

1. BPL 0.96 Crore
2. APL 1.44 Crore
• Base line survey data
 With toilet 0.41 Crore (17%)
1. BPL 0.18 Crore (19%)
2. APL 0.23 Crore (17%)

[ 281 ]
  Without toilet 1.99 Crore (83%)
1. BPL 0.78 Crore(81%)
2. APL 1.21 Crore (83%)

• Feb. 2007 status

 With toilet 0.92 Crore (39%)
1. BPL 0.47 Crore (49%)
2. APL 0.45 Crore (32%)
 Without toilet 1.48 Crore (61%)
1. BPL 0.49 Crore (51%)
2. APL 0.99 Crore (68%)

262. In Uttar Pradesh, as per the census report (2001), rural sanitation coverage was only 19.23% and
some of the in sanitary toilets were also included in the figure. Panchayati Raj Department, which is the
nodal department for the implementation of TSC in U.P. , conducted Base line survey under the
programme and sanitation coverage was found only 17% in 2003. As per the latest progress report
prepared by the department in February 2007, the sanitation coverage has increased up to 39%.

40
35
30 2003Mar
25
2004Mar
20
2005Mar
15
2006Mar
10
2007Mar
5
0
Percentage coverage IHHL

Figure 1: Year wise increase in sanitation coverage in UP

IHHL Construction year wise

263. Since its inception in 1999, TSC projects have been scaled up in UP and are now operational in all
the 70 districts of the state. The main physical components sanctioned in the projects are as follows:
(a) Construction of 76.62 lakhs BPL toilets
(b) Construction of 122.15 lakhs APL toilets
(c) Construction of 2.01 lakhs school toilets
(d) Construction of 90474 Anaganwadi toilets
(e) Construction of 2331 community/women sanitary complexes
(f) 416 RSMs/ production centers

[ 282 ]
264. Of the 236 lakh house holds in UP, 96 lakh families are having their own toilets and out of that,
50.46 lakh toilets have been constructed under TSC including BPL and APL families. Besides, 35751
school toilet units, 5057 Anaganwadi toilets, 762 community/women sanitary complexes and 199 RSMs
have been set up under TSC programme. The year wise progress of IHHL under TSC is given below:-

Year BPL APL Total

2001-02 204134 2243 206377
2002-03 208094 17757 225851
2003-04 282859 90190 373049
2004-05 463152 253445 716597
2005-06 860445 871988 1732433
2006-07 Feb 794937 996736 1791673
Total 2813621 2232359 5045980

Fig 2: Under TSC Year wise achievement of IHHL Construction

Year wise Coverage

Thousands
6000

5000

4000
No. of IHHL

3000

2000

1000
BPL
0 APL
Total
2002-03

2003-04

2004-05

2006-07
2001-02

2005-06

Total
Financial Year
progress

Total Sanitation Campaign Financial Progress

(Rs. In lakh)
Central State Special Beneficiary Total
share share Incentive

Sanctioned 136262.18 49771.83 0 32774.85 218808.86

Released 39920.63 13252.07 19383.17 9601.15 82157.02
Expenditure 23969.55 10762.92 17357.72 9601.15 61691.34

Fig 3 Financial Progress under TSC IN UP

Financial Progress
200000
180000
160000
Rs. in Lakh

140000
120000
100000
80000
60000
40000
20000
0
l
e
re

ry
e

ta
tiv
ar

ia
a

To
sh

sh

en

fic
nc

ne
l

e
tra

at

lI

Be
St
en

ia
ec
C

Sp

Funding
Sanctioned Released Expenditure

[ 283 ]
Eleventh Five Year Plan Goals

265. The toilet coverage in rural U.P. is lower as compared to the national coverage. The health
indicators like IMR, U5M are also higher than the national average. Nearly 80 percent of the state
population lives in rural areas and a majority of them go to the open fields for defection, there by polluting
the environment with human excreta causing a health hazard with many water and faecal borne diseases.
About 81 percent of the HHs have no access to toilet as per 2001 census and 60 percent at present as per
updated data available for latrine constructed under Total sanitation Campaign (TSC).

266. TSC interventions are aimed at bringing about behavioural changes to improve sanitation and
hygiene practices among the rural population in the districts. The key indicators of behavioural change in
this regard are as follows:
(a) usage of latrines for defecation
(b) mothers practising safe disposal of child’s excreta in latrines
(c) washing hands with soap after defecation,
(d) washing hands with soap after disposal of child’s excreta
(e) washing hands with soap before eating.
(f) Use of safe source of drinking water.

267. TSC interventions are directed towards conservation of the environment in general and bringing
about a reduction in the occurrence of water-sanitation related diseases and an overall improvement in the
health status of the rural population.

268. Rural people are in the habit of going for defecation in their own fields or on public land, while
children defecate on the roadside and women go in-groups in the dusk. This is true even now, despite the
significant overall development in the country. The general rural population is of the opinion that owning
and using a toilet is not a household priority but is a luxury.

269. The main objective of TSC is to change the mindset of people who have developed this habit from
generations, a challenging task for the planners and implementing authorities. Village residents will adopt
better living practices in and around their house in particular and the community in general through active
participation of GP members, SHG members, mothers groups, school children, influential local leaders and
elders in the community.

[ 284 ]
270. The TSC programme envisages elimination of the open defecation habit by inculcating the benefits
of using toilets, thereby improving the environmental condition of the village. This is especially beneficial
since it provides convenience to women, aged persons and sick individuals in the home. In addition to that
toilet pit's may be connected with biogas system benefiting the rural families. The scheme has made
provisions to extend financial support to BPL families who otherwise do not think of the advantages of
having a toilet as it is not a priority for the family. Cash incentives are given to BPL families which
construct toilets in their premises for use by all family members.

Goals to be achieved by 2012 (Eleventh Plan Period)

(a) Complete household latrines / sanitary complexes / institutional latrines targets in TSC
districts.
(b) Rehabilitate all dilapidated community latrine complex as sanitary latrines with 24
hours water supply.
(c) All household latrines which are not in use to be made functional.
(d) All APL households having space to have latrines as per TSC norms.
(e) All BPL households having space should have latrines as per TSC norms.
(f) All Anaganwadi Centres and Educational Institutions upto higher secondary should
have required number of urinals and latrines as per students’ strength with 24 hours
water supply.
(g) Households not having space to construct latrine should have access to group latrine
with individual ownership or sanitary complex.

271. In order to achieve the set goals, it is necessary to make rural sanitation a people’s programme.
The following major approaches are envisaged:
(a) Intensify IEC activities at all level, from state headquarters to every nook and corner of
the state. IEC coverage should include sensitisation of policy makers, elected
representatives at all levels, bureaucrats, technocrats, administrators, and all line
department personnel.
(b) Shift from subsidy based approach to community based approach by awarding PRIs
and providing incentives to individual motivators.
(c) Capacity building of stakeholders directly involved in the programme.
(d) Developing eco-friendly and user friendly sanitary ware with accessibility to the
poorest of the poor.

Year wise Physical Target and Requirement of Funds during Eleventh Five Year Plan

Physical Target

272. At present about 39 % rural households have access to toilets. During the next five years i.e. from
April 2007 to March 2012 state has planned to cover remaining 61 % i.e. about 1.48 crore families with
sanitary toilets as per table given below:

[ 285 ]
 Total Coverage Coverage Uncovered Action Plan IHHL (2007 to 2012)
Rural at the as on Household Mar-08 Mar-09 Mar-10 Mar-11 Mar-12
Househol time of Feb. 2007 s as on 03-
ds BLS 07
(Crore)
2.40 0.41 0.92 1.48 0.28 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.30
17.08% 39.00% 61.00% 11.67% 12.50% 12.50% 12.50% 12.50%
Total Coverage (No.) 1.20 1.50 1.80 2.10 2.40
Total Coverage (%) 50.00% 62.50% 75.00% 87.50% 100.00
%

Requirement of Funds

Funds Required (2007 to 2012)

Mar-08 Mar-09 Mar-10 Mar-11 Mar-12
Centre Share 17000.00 14652.94 14652.94 14652.94 14652.68
State Share 7470.02 5271.22 5271.22 5271.22 5271.08
Special Incentive 4409.28 4409.28 4409.28 4409.28 4409.26
Beneficiary 3486.52 3486.52 3486.52 3486.52 4194.36
Total 32365.82 27819.96 27819.96 27819.96 28527.38

TSC Implementation Mechanism

273. TSC is being implemented in all the 70 district of the state. At the district level , under the general
supervision of Zila Panchayat ,District Sanitation Committee headed by District Collector , is responsible
for the implementation of the programme. At the village level Gram Panchayats have been given the
responsibility of the implementation of the programme including construction of the facilities involving
motivator and beneficiaries .

Start up activities
• IEC
• Awareness IEC and HRD activities
compaign • Home visits
• PLA/Baseline/PIP • Community Sanitation
Survey
• Mobilization
• Motivator identification
• School and Anganwadi
NGOs/CBOs based activities Construction
• House Hold
• School
• Anganwadi
[ 286 ] • Community
Complexes
 Panchayat workers
Motivators SHGs
PRI/RSM/PC

FIG 4-Delivery Structure

School Sanitation

(a) Total no of schools 1.13 lakh

(b) With toilet under TSC 0.36 lakh
Under SSA 0.68 lakh
(c) School without toilet 0.09 lakh

274. Under TSC 35,751 school toilet units have already been constructed. About 10,000 schools are
still without toilet units. State has planned to cover all the remaining schools with separate toilet and urinal
facilities for boys and girls, with force lift hand pumps for running water supply in toilet and urinals,
overhead water storage tank and hand washing facilities, by the year 2007.All the toilet units constructed
under SSA have only 2 WCs and no urinals, for which provision has been made in TSC project.
Replicating models have been prepared in all the districts for scaling up SSHE through out the state
including software component.

Anganwadi sanitation

275. In Uttar Pradesh Anaganwadi sanitation component was introduced very late in the year 2005. Out
of 90,474 toilets sanctioned 5057 units have been constructed. At least 50% of the units will be constructed
during the year 2007-08 and remaining during the year 2008-09.

IEC activities

276. It is mainly focused on demand generation for toilet and behavioural change especially
concentrating on hand washing at critical times, safe disposal of child excreta and use of toilet. District
specific communication plans have already been prepared .A comprehensive operational guideline has
been issued which includes IEC strategy, HRD activity ,funding patterns, activities under SSHE and
Anaganwadi sanitation, role of RSMs and different technical options for hardware components.

277. IEC activities in the state are now taken at two levels :

Mass Media

[ 287 ]
 (a) Slogan writing
(b) Wall painting
(c) Focus Group Discussion
(d) Folk song/street plays/magic shows/puppet shows Sanitation Mela
Sanitation competitions-Healthy home, clean school poster and debate competitions on
sanitation Rallies and prabhat pheries.

Inter-Personal Communication
(a) Village motivator is main IPC engine.Two motivators for every GP of which one must
be female. Motivator can be ASHA, Anaganwadi worker, shiksha mitra, SHG
member, panchayat member etc.
(b) Main tool for IPC is hygiene education kit, which include Snake & ladder, Ludo
games, Pocket charts, Flash cards, Flip charts and technical options of toilets etc.
(c) For every toilet construction and reporting village motivator is being paid Rs 40.

Nirmal Gram Puraskar

278. In the year 2005-06, for the first time 40 Gram Panchayats were awarded with Nirmal Gram
Puraskar. In 2006-07 a total of 1296 GPs have submitted their applications to the GoI and 488 GPs have
got the award this year. NGP has become a great motivational factor towards the creation of ODF villages.
In a true sense, this concept has given strength to the PRIs and they have demonstrated that if clearly
defined goals are set before the PRIs supported by necessary technical and financial support and capacity
building also, they can achieve even seemingly difficult social goals and can improve the quality of life in
rural areas.

Solid & Liquid Waste Management

279. So far TSC is focusing on safe disposal of human excreta through the construction of IHHL,
Community toilets, School and Anganwadi toilets With launch of NGP although PRIs are becoming ODF
but there is need to focus on SLWM in such villages. A special focus is required on SLWM during the
Eleventh Five Year Plan period.

Objectives
(a) To protect human health and environment.
(b) To improve quality of life of people living in rural areas.
(c) To convert bio-waste into energy for ensuring greater energy security at village level.

[ 288 ]
 (d) To generate employment for rural people by offering new opportunity in waste
management.

Strategy
(a) Awareness creation about utility of SLWM in health and environment protection,
generating employment and providing energy security.
(b) Preference to Open Defecation Free PRIs.
(c) Range of technology option to be made available to every GP.
(d) Capacity building - about various technology options.
(e) GP based action plan should be developed with the evolvement of local community.
(f) Demand responsive approaches, involving all stake holders.
(g) Partnership with NGOs, women SHGs, private sector.

Urban Infrastructure

Introduction

280. Rapid urbanization is emerging as a general phenomenon in the developing countries during the
past few decades. Half of the world’s population now lives in cities and the number is growing rapidly.
Although cities have been the main contributors to economic growth with urban-based economic activities
accounting for up to 80 percent of gross national product in many countries however, rapid urbanization
presents staggering challenges for the civic authorities for being able to cope with spatial-economic and
social needs of the population in different size class of cities.

281. Until now, most cities in India as well as Uttar Pradesh have not developed in a sustainable way.
Economic development, land use planning, urban infrastructure like drainage, sewerage, water supply,
power, solid waste management and transportation systems are all inadequate to meet current. The rapid
growth of urban population has on the one hand resulted in widespread deficiencies in housing and urban
services and high incidence of deprivation on the other. Furthermore, most of the local authorities
especially Municipalities and Development Authorities do not have enough resources to provide for the
growing demand of housing and infrastructure services that come with rapid urbanization. To meet this
challenge, cities have to be organized and managed as efficiently as possible. Local authorities need to
restructure city operation and initiate management reforms that increase productivity. An indigenous and
pragmatic approach to better urban management is needed if development programmes are to keep pace
with rapidly expanding needs of cities for housing and urban services in a sustainable manner.
Inadequacies of local authorities in the delivery of housing and infrastructures services make it imperative
to have a fresh look at the perspective and strategy for housing and urban development during the Eleventh
Five Year Plan.

[ 289 ]
Urbanization Trends in Uttar Pradesh

282. Uttar Pradesh is the most populous state of India with a total population of
16.60 crore according to Census, 2001 out of which 13.15 crore live in rural areas and 3.45 crore in urban
areas. Thus, about 16% of the total population and 12% of the urban population of India reside in Uttar
Pradesh. Percentage of urban population to total population of the state stands at 20.78 as per 2001 Census
whereas, this percentage was 19.68 in 1991. Thus, an increase of 1.10 percentage points has been recorded
in the urban population during 1991-2001. The decadal growth of urban population during 1991-2001 is
32.88 per cent as against 30.50 per cent during 1981-91. The growth of urban population during 1991-2001
is 1.75% higher than the all India urban growth rate (31.13%) during the same period. By 2011 and 2021
the urban population of the state is estimated to be 4.49 crore (21.77%) and 5.83 crore (23.19%) showing
an increase of 1.04 crore and 2.38 crore respectively, as compared to 1.0 crore in 1991-2001.

283. The state has the largest urban system in the country with 628 municipalities however, it ranks 18 th
in the level of urbanization. Nearly 2/3rd (62%) of the state urban population is concentrated in 54 Class-I
cities. Small towns (especially Class-5 and 6 towns) exhibit a negative rate of growth during 1991-2001
which is indicative of growing trend of population shift towards larger (5 lakh plus) cities. Number of
metropolitan cities increased from 3 in 1991 to 6 in 2001 namely; Kanpur, Lucknow, Varanasi, Agra,
Allahabad and Meerut. About 28% of the total urban population of the state is concentrated in these 6
metropolitan cities which recorded highest decadal growth rate (32%) during 1991-2001.There are marked
regional imbalances in the pattern of urbanization with Western Region being the most urbanized and the
Bundelkhand Region the least urbanized.

284. An analysis of the distribution of urban population across various size categories reveals that the
process of urbanization in the state has been favourable towards larger cities. This is manifested in a high
percentage (62%) of urban population being concentrated in class-I cities. The massive increase in the
percentage share of class-I cities from 33.71 in 1951 to 62% in 2001 has often been attributed to faster
growth of large cities, without taking into consideration the increase in the number of these cities. It may,
however, be observed that in 1951, there were only 14 class-I cities and their number increased to 54 in
2001, which explains largely the increase in the share of population in this size category over five. Higher
demographic growth in the class-I cities is due to both area expansion and immigration. Further, there has
been expansion in the municipal boundaries of the Class-I cities. Besides, these cities attract migrants from
all over the state due to their stronger economic and infrastructural base. Thus, the spatial concentration of
urban growth can be seen not only in terms of an increase in the share of urban population in class-I cities
but also in that of million plus cities.

285. The emerging trends of urbanization in the state necessitates two-pronged strategy for balanced
regional urban development i.e. better management of large cities and inducing planned growth of small
and medium towns.

Housing and Infrastructure Scenario

[ 290 ]
Housing

286. Housing, is one of the basic necessities of life, is a serious problem being faced not only in Uttar
Pradesh but in the country as a whole. The high urban growth entails considerable investment into
housing, physical and social infrastructure. It is estimated that housing industry in the country contributes
to about 6% of the GDP. This industry itself has over 250 linkages with ancillary industries on backward
and forward linkages. It is ironical that while urban population is increasing rapidly, supply of serviced
land and housing units is restricted leading to creation of sub-standard and illegal housing stock.

287. Based on Census, 2001, the housing shortage in the urban areas of the state at the beginning of
Tenth Plan was 7 lakh units whereas; additional requirement during the Tenth Plan was estimated at 9 lakh
units. Thus, the total housing demand during the Tenth Plan was estimated at 16 lakh units which implied a
provision of 3.20 lakh units per year. However, the capacity of the public sector housing agencies
especially Development Authorities and Housing and Development Board has been limited to maximum of
1.0 lakh units per year. Therefore, the state government decided to meet two-third requirement of total
estimated demand of 16 lakh units during the Tenth Five Year Plan and formulated a strategy to provide
10.50 lakh units with the participation of Private and Cooperative Sectors. Targets for Public, Private and
Cooperative Sectors were 4.10 lakh, 5.40 lakh and 1.0 lakh units, respectively. The total housing stock
created by Development Authorities, Housing and Development Board, co-operative sector and organized
private sector during the Tenth Five Year Plan aggregated to 4.50 lakh dwelling units. The housing stock
created by unorganized private sector is estimated to be about 1.25 times of the organized sector i.e. about
5.60 lakh units. Thus, total estimated housing stock created during Tenth Five Year Plan was to the tune of
10 lakh dwelling units.

288. The projected housing shortage at the beginning of Eleventh Plan (2007-12) is estimated at 4.67
lakh dwelling units. Besides, about 11.16 lakh households are expected to be added upto the end of
Eleventh Plan as per the population projections. Therefore, the total housing demand anticipated during
Eleventh Five Year Plan (2007-12) will be 15.84 lakh dwelling units.

289. The Housing and Development Board carried out a housing shortage and demand survey in July,
2004 for the next 15 years for 25 towns each in the Central Zone and the National Capital Region of the
state through private consultant viz. M/s Rites Ltd. and M/s ORG Pvt. Ltd. According to this survey, the
total housing demand in 25 towns of Central Zone and 25 towns of the NCR Zone has been estimated at
6.46 lakh and 12.09 lakh units, respectively. On an average, housing demand for EWS and LIG categories
in both the zones was estimated at 24% and 34% respectively, which means that while devising the future
housing strategy, more than 50 percent units will have to be provided for these categories alone. However,
bulk of the housing in the public as well as private sector till recently has been biased towards middle and
high income groups.

290. Although the State Housing Policy lays special emphasis on promoting private investment in the
housing sector, yet the activities of the private sector have been piece-meal. With the current policy of
economic liberalization and stress on privatization, the government is now resuming the role of a catalyst
and “facilitator” in housing sector rather than discharging the traditional role of being a “provider”.

[ 291 ]
Therefore, during the Eleventh Plan efforts will be made to pursue the reform agenda further and design
policies that focus on the provision of housing to weaker sections and spur private sector investment while
encouraging competition by guarding against monopolistic practices.

Urban Infrastructure

291. Shelter, safe drinking water and sanitation are basic services required for the survival of human
beings. Reduction in the proportion of people without sustainable access to safe drinking water and basic
sanitation are among the important targets of Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) for which the
government of every country has made a commitment in September, 2000. However, an analysis of the
levels of basic infrastructure brings out the dismal picture of urban areas. In Uttar Pradesh, the statistics
indicate a very grim picture since 33% of urban households are without safe drinking water, another 33%
are without toilet facility, while 50% of households have no access to sewerage system. About 31% of the
total urban population of the state lives in slum areas.

292. The demographic growth, social and economic infrastructural base and poverty characteristics of
urban centres have been extremely heterogeneous in the state. Large cities have characteristically exhibited
distinctly higher demographic growth, better infrastructure facilities, when compared to the towns of lower
size class. This can be attributed to greater opportunities and economic prospects in larger towns. Large
cities have also provided better social and physical infrastructure including educational facilities which
results in higher productivity. Though the state government has formulated a policy to accord priority to
infrastructure development, yet the multiple agencies responsible for provision, operation and maintenance
of infrastructure in the state have rarely come together to secure the advantage of convergence of
resources. The successful implementation of JNNURM, UIDSSMT and IHSDP schemes may perhaps help
in ameliorating the infrastructure problems in the state in near future.

Performance of State Sector (Urban Housing & Urban Development Sector)

Urban Housing Sector

293. Housing schemes in the state are implemented mainly by the Development Authorities and the
Housing and Development Board. At present there are 24 Development Authorities covering large cities
and the Housing and Development Board is functional in 102 urban areas of the state. The schemes
comprise land acquisition and development, EWS housing, sites and services scheme, low income, middle
income and high income group housing. The State Government, HUDCO and other Financial Institutions
have been financing such schemes; however, no finances have been availed by any of these agencies
during the Tenth Five Year Plan. All schemes under the Urban Housing Sector are being implemented on

[ 292 ]
self-financing basis, therefore, no budget allocation is proposed during the Eleventh Plan for any of the
schemes.

294. The performance of various schemes under the Urban Housing Sector is described in the following
paras.

Land Acquisition and Development

295. To secure planned development of urban areas and provide housing to various income groups of
the society the Development Authorities and Housing and Development Board have the power to acquire,
develop, manage and dispose of land and other property. These agencies acquire land and carry out
development to deliver serviced plots as also construct houses especially for Economically Weaker
Sections and Lower Income Groups. The yearly targets and achievements during the Tenth Plan are given
below in table-1.
Table-1 : Land Acquisition and Development
(Hectares)
Land Land
Total land
available acquired Development Land
Financial Year available for
(opening during the target developed
development
balance) Year
2002-03 4788.00 1110.00 5898.00 - 472.00
2003-04 5004.91 410.13 5415.04 1561.44 781.94
2004-05 2940.13 238.98 3179.11 1459.45 785.07
2005-06 2567.74 549.69 3117.43 1549.73 971.22
2006-07 2865.24 1522.04 4387.28 1765.42 1233.00
Total 18166.02 3830.84 21996.86 6336.04 4243.23
Source: Awas Bandhu Monthly Progress Report

296. Table-1 indicates that during the Tenth Plan period Development Authorities and Housing and
Development Board acquired 3830.84 hectares of land and developed 4243 hectares against the target of
6336 hectares. Thus, achievement of land acquisition and development programme during the Tenth Plan
has been 67 per cent.

Housing for All

297. Physical targets and achievements of Urban Housing Sector (State/Public Sector) under the
“Housing for All” programme during the Tenth Five Year Plan are given below :
Physical Targets and Achievements of “Housing for All” Programme
No. of Units (Plots/Houses)

Financial Year Targets Achievement

2002-03 30000 30000
2003-04 80000 36325
2004-05 120000 65534
2005-06 100000 48686

[ 293 ]
 2006-07 110000 35109
Total 440000 215654
Source: Awas Bandhu Monthly Progress Report.

298. Table-2 shows that 100% targets were achieved in the first year of the
Tenth Plan whereas; during the subsequent years hardly 50% of the targets could be achieved. Out of the
total units completed during the Tenth Plan, about 54% belonged to EWS and LIG categories and overall
achievement of “Housing for All” programme against the targets has been 49.00 per cent.

20-Point Programme

299. Under this programme houses are constructed for Economically Weaker Sections and Lower
Income Groups under Point-14 (Da) and Point-14 (Ya), respectively. The public sector housing agencies
namely, Development Authorities and Housing and Development Board are given yearly targets for
construction of houses. The targets vis-à-vis achievements of the programme during the Tenth Five Year
Plan are given in the table-3:-
Table-3: Targets and Achievements of 20-Point Programme
(No. of Dwelling Units)

Point-14 (Da) EWS Point-14 (Ya) LIG

Year
Target Achievement Target Achievement
2002-03 3000 3032 500 1323
2003-04 3000 3000 500 500
2004-05 3000 2109 500 451
2005-06 3000 3168 530 685
2006-07 3500 3877 630 450
Total 15500 15186 2660 3409
Source: Town and Country Planning Department and Awas Bandhu.

300. Table-3 reveals that percentage achievement of EWS and LIG targets during the Tenth Plan has
been 98% and 128%, respectively.

Urban Development Programme

301. Urban development schemes in the State are being implemented within the context of Master
Plans of different cities by the Housing and Urban Planning Department, Urban Development Department
and Urban Employment and Poverty Alleviation Department. The State Planning Department provides
separate financial outlays for each department. A brief description of the schemes being implemented by
Housing and Urban Planning Department under the Urban Development Programme is as follows:-

(a) National Capital Region (NCR)

302. This is a centrally sponsored scheme and its basic aim is to ensure balanced regional development
of the NCR by harnessing the spread of the developmental impulse and agglomeration economies
generated by Delhi. The NCR Planning Board has prepared the NCR Plan-2021 under the NCR Planning
Board Act, 1985. The Regional Plan has divided the entire NCR into following 3 Policy Zones:-

[ 294 ]
 (i) NCT-Delhi

Central National Capital Region (CNCR)

It includes the notified controlled areas of the adjoining towns of Ghaziabad-Loni, Noida,
Gurgaon-Manesar, Faridabad-Ballabgarh, Bhadurgarh and Sonepat-Kundli.

(ii) Highway Corridor Zone

It is the controlled area comprising a minimum width of 500 meters, inclusive of green buffer, on
either side of the right-of-way along the National Highway Nos. 1, 2, 8, 10, 24, 58 and 91
converging to Delhi.

(iii) Rest of NCR

The area of the NCR outside the designated CNCR and Highway Corridor Zone, comprising both
urban and rural areas.

303. The strategy for the development of settlement system in the NCR is to harness the growth
impulse of Delhi and to integrate the urban and rural functions of the region. Cities covered under this
scheme in the state include Noida, Greater Noida, Ghaziabad, Modinagar, Hapur, Pilkhuwa, Bulandshahar,
Khurja and Meerut. Besides, funds were also provided to Bareilly for its development as a counter magnet
city. However, no funds are now being released by the State Government, but the trends are being given
directly by NCR Planning Board to the various agencies of NCR. Therefore, the State Planning
Department has taken a decision to close this scheme.

(b) IDSMT Scheme

304. The main objective of Integrated Development of Small and Medium Towns (IDSMT) scheme is
to slow down migration from rural areas and smaller towns to large cities by the development of selected
small and medium towns, which are capable of generating economic growth and employment. The scheme
is being implemented as per the guidelines issued by the Ministry of Urban Employment and Poverty
Alleviation, Government of India. Since this scheme has been subsumed under the Urban Infrastructure
Development Scheme for Small and Medium Towns (UIDSSMT) from the year 2005-06, therefore, targets
and achievements of IDSMT scheme for the first 3 years of the Tenth Plan (2002-05) are given below in
the table-4 :-

Table-4: Targets and Achievements of IDSMT Scheme

Target for the Tenth Plan (No. of towns to be covered under the scheme 150
@ 30 towns per year)
Targets for the First three years (2002-05) of Tenth Plan 90
Towns benefited during 2002-05 96

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 Project cost of 96 towns approved by GOI Rs. 153.60 crore
Central Share released by GOI during Tenth Plan Rs. 66.24 crore
State Share released during Tenth Plan Rs. 89.02 crore
Total funds released during Tenth Plan Rs. 155.26 crore
Total expenditure incurred during Tenth Plan Rs. 77.22 crore
No, of towns for which utilization certificates 117
were submitted to Government of India
Source: Town and Country Planning Department

305. An outlay of Rs. 1500.00 lakh was made for the year 2006-07 and the expenditure incurred during
the Tenth Five Year Plan is Rs. 4122.00 lakh.

Nagar Vikas Yojna

306. The State Government provides grant to the Development Authorities and Local Bodies for non-
remunerative projects under this scheme. The outlay and the proposed allocation of budget for the year
2007-08 is Rs.17,317.00 lakh. Following projects have been included under this scheme:-

Dr. B.R. Ambedkar Smarak

307. A Smarak has been constructed in the memory of Dr. B. R. Ambedkar at Gomtinagar, Lucknow.
For providing long term stability to the smark and for completion of additional civil and electrical works of
this scheme, Lucknow Development Authority has raised a demand of Rs. 12,484.00 lakh. Therefore, an
outlay of Rs. 12,484.00 lakh has been proposed for the Annual plan 2007-08.

Rama Bai Ambedkar Vatika

308. A Vatika has been constructed at Gomtinagar, Lucknow in the memory of Rama Bai Ambedkar on
the bank of river Gomti in the vicinity of Dr. B.R. Ambedkar Smarak. Lucknow Development Authority
has raised a demand of Rs. 4383 lakh to provide long term stability to this vatika. Therefore, an outlay of
Rs. 4383 lakh has been proposed in the financial year 2007-08 under this new scheme.

Parivartan Chowk

309. Parivartan Chowk has been constructed at Lucknow by the Lucknow Development Authority as a
landmark for social change. To provide long term stability to this chowk, Lucknow Development
Authority has raised a demand of Rs. 450.00 lakh Therefore, an outlay of Rs. 450.00 lakh has been
proposed in the financial year 2007-08 under this new scheme.

Other Urban Development Schemes

310. Some of the other urban development schemes are as under:

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Dr. B.R. Ambedkar Library and Museum

311. Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Bhartiya Samajik Parivartan Pustkalaya evam Sangrahlaya has been
constructed at Gomtinagar, Lucknow adjoining Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Smarak. Although major works under
this scheme are complete however, to provide long term stability to the museum and for completion of the
remaining works. An outlay of Rs. 11,745.00 lakh has been proposed for the financial year 2007-08 under
this scheme.

Indira Gandhi Pratisthan

312. This scheme is proposed on 25 acres of land situated at Gomtinagar, Lucknow and the total
estimated project cost is Rs. 15800 lakh. The implementation of this scheme was commenced in February,
2005 and the project period is 3 years, i.e. 2005 to 2008. Construction of conference, banquet, plenary
halls, library, etc. has been completed and the remaining works comprising auditorium and Stambh are
expected to be complete by the year 2008. Therefore an outlay of Rs. 2000 lakh is proposed for Annual
Plan 2007-08.

Jai Prakash Narain International Centre

313. This scheme comprises construction of an international auditorium, conference hall and library on
12.98 acres of land situated at Gomtinagar, Lucknow. The estimated cost of the project is Rs. 19300.00
lakh and the project period is 3 years, i.e. 2006-09. For the execution of this project an outlay of Rs.
11000.00 lakh is proposed for Eleventh Plan out of which an outlay of Rs. 2500 lskh is proposed for
Annual Plan 2007-08.

Major Policy Initiatives during Tenth Five Year Plan

Development of New Townships through Private Investment

314. Following two policies have been announced to promote private investment in housing and
infrastructure through development of new townships:-
(a) Promotion of private investment in the development of Hi-tech Townships ranging
from minimum 1500 acres to maximum of 5000 acres of land.
(b) Land assembly and infrastructure development for housing schemes (Integrated
Townships) through private investment ranging from minimum 25 acres to
maximum 500 acres of land.

315. Both these policies are under implementation in major cities of the state. So far
10 Hi-tech Township projects have been approved and it is expected that the development of these
townships would result in an investment of about Rs.20,000 crore, generation of employment opportunities
for about 4 lakh persons and a housing stock of about 2.50 lakh dwelling units during theEleventh Five
Year Plan. Similarly, development of Integrated Townships would attract an additional investment of

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about Rs. 2,000 crore. These policies would also support and enable private investment in other sectors of
the state economy.

Development of Infrastructure through Private Sector

316. With a view to providing or maintaining infrastructure for industrial, commercial or residential
purpose in the development area, necessary amendments have been carried out in section-39(A) of U.P.
Urban Planning and Development Act, 1973 in the year 2003 wherein it is provided that the Development
Authority may either itself or through a Developer on the basis of an agreement, develop, construct,
provide or maintain or continue to provide or maintain an infrastructure in the area and may levy and
collect toll in relation to use of such infrastructure. This amendment will be instrumental in execution of
city level infrastructure projects like toll road, embankment, fly-overs, STPs, bridges, etc, through private
sector participation.

Priority to Infrastructure Development

317. The state government has made it mandatory for the public sector housing agencies from the year
2006 to accord priority to development of infrastructure in place of construction of houses. These agencies
are required to complete all development works prior to allotment of plots/houses. Directions in this regard
have been issued to the Housing and Development Board and Development Authorities to provide serviced
plots with all necessary infrastructure services like roads, water supply, drainage, sewerage, power, etc. at
affordable price to EWS and LIG beneficiaries. Besides, houses may be constructed by these agencies
keeping in view the demand of EWS and LIG categories. These agencies are also required to ensure
allotment/disposal of plots reserved for shopping centres and community facilities like school, hospital,
post-office, police-station, fire station, etc. along with allotment/disposal of residential plots. Furthermore,
the allottees are required to complete the construction of house within 3 years of allotment with extension
permissible for maximum of 2 years. Such a policy initiative will help curb the speculation and ensure
time-bound construction as well as occupancy of the schemes.

Rainwater Harvesting

318. The state government has taken initiative to ensure conservation and augmentation of ground
water through implementation of Rainwater Harvesting System. Though Rainwater Harvesting has been
made compulsory from the year 2001 however, fresh directions have been issued in the year 2006 to
implement the system at the development stage in all new schemes to be developed either in the public or
private and cooperative sectors. This involves provision of a separate network on the pattern of drainage
system for carrying the roof-top water from the individual houses (200 sq.m. and above area) to the group
recharge structures. This system is being followed in all the new township/housing schemes.

Land Use Conversion Policy

319. As a follow up of Hi-tech Township and Integrate Township Policies as well as urban reforms
initiated under the JNNURM, the state government has amended the UP Urban Planning and Development
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Act, 1973 in the year 2007 to provide for conversion of agricultural land to non-agricultural purposes as
well as from lower use to higher use in the Master Plan. According to this amendment, if any owner of
land intends to change the use of his land from ‘lower’ to ‘higher’ use within the Master Plan of the
Development Area, such owner is required to pay the land use conversion charges on such rates and in
such manner as may be prescribed. The conversion charges recovered thus shall be credited to
Infrastructure Development Fund of the respective authority and utilized for development of city
infrastructure.

Concessions for Conversion to Industrial Use

320. To promote industrialization and private sector investment in the state, land use conversion
charges have been reduced for converting any lower use of land (as proposed in the Master Plan) to
'industrial' in accordance with the Industrial and Service Sector Investment Policy-2004. It has also been
provided that such matters shall be processed in a time-bound manner to ensure speedy disposal.

Rehabilitation of Sick Industrial Units

321. The sick industrial units are now permitted to sell off their land to repay the loans/liabilities
provided government or BFIR has taken a decision to rehabilitate such units. The extra land of sick units
situated in planned industrial estate or within industrial land use in the Master Plan, can be sold for
industrial purpose only and if such land is intended to be used for any other purpose then land use
conversion process will have to be followed. The sick units established prior to coming into operation of
the Master Plan and have been “Spot-Zoned” as non-conforming use in the Master Plan, can automatically
avail the abutting land use without payment of land use conversion charges. However, if land occupied by
such unit is intended to be used for any other purpose, then land use conversion process will have to be
followed.

Simplified Building Permit Procedure for Industrial Units

322. Plan approval process for non-polluting industrial units has been simplified. Any building plan of a
non-polluting industrial unit proposed in the schemes approved by UPSIDC, Development Authority or
any other government agency shall deemed to be approved provided it is certified by an Architect
registered in the 'Council of Architecture' that the proposed building plan is in accordance with the
provisions of Master Plan, Building bye-laws, N.B.C and relevant rules/ regulations/government orders.
The proposed building plan is required to be submitted along with all necessary documents and prescribed
fee and submission receipt of such building plan shall construe the approval of building plan.

Integrated Application Software Package (IASP)

323. An Integrated Application Software Package (IASP) has been developed by the Housing and
Urban Planning Department through M/s Birla Soft Ltd. and at present its implementation at the user sites
is in progress. The IASP will connect all the housing authorities with 'Single Digital Umbrella' and bring
about a qualitative change in their working. Recording, processing, storage, retrieval and management of
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information for the housing operations of Development Authorities and Housing and Development Board
would become simpler and speedy. The working system of the various authorities would improve
drastically and ensure transparency in information flow to the public. After complete implementation of
the IASP, the public can access on-line the details of payment related to a property, availability and cost of
plots/houses in any scheme, status of building permit applications, refund of money, etc.

Vision for Eleventh Five Year Plan

“Cities and towns are centres of growth and generators of employment opportunities. Our cities need to
have a new look for which they need massive investment and renewal. They need basic amenities like
sanitation, drinking water and proper housing for the poor. They need public transport, parks and
playgrounds. We need cities in which the working poor can live with self-respect and dignity; cities in
which children and women feel safe and secure. …. I see a glorious decade of city development.”

324. The above overview was made by His Excellency, Dr. Manmohan Singh, the Prime Minister of
India, during his national address at the Independence Day anniversary in August 2006. This address
captures the triple dynamics of growth, urbanization and poverty which manifest themselves to varying
degrees in India.

325. In the light of above overview, the Eleventh Five Year Plan provides an opportunity to restructure
urban planning, urban housing and urban development policies to achieve a new vision based on
sustainable and inclusive growth of our cities. The Eleventh Plan will seek to reduce disparities across the
state and society by ensuring access to shelter and basic infrastructure services such as roads, drainage,
water supply, sanitation and power to all sections of the society. It will aim at reducing urban-rural divide
and promoting balanced regional development. It will create employment opportunities in housing and
construction activities, thus raising the affordability of weaker sections which is a pre-requisite for
sustainable urban development.

Challenges

(i) Affordable Housing

326. The problem of housing for the weaker sections is daunting with increasing urbanization and it is
bound to deteriorate. The annual housing demand during the Eleventh Plan has been estimated at 3.17
dwelling units out of which about 64 per cent would be required for EWS and LIG households. Owing to
wide gap between the demand and supply, about 30% of the housing stock generated in the urban areas is
illegal i.e. unauthorized colonies, slums and squatter settlements. The organic nature of our cities poses a
big challenge for their redevelopment, and improvement. Therefore, there will be a continuing need for
renovation, upgradation and improvement to address congestion and obsolescence. In view of the resource
constraints and limited capacity of public sector housing agencies (about one lakh units per annum)
provision of housing and basic infrastructure at affordable prices to the rapidly growing urban population
especially the weaker sections will be a major challenge before the state government during the Eleventh
Plan.
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(ii) Sustainable Urbanization

327. Robert McNamara, former president of World Bank said “If cities do not begin to deal more
constructively with poverty, poverty may begin to deal more destructively with cities”. Poverty continues
to remain a major development challenge for sustainable urbanization in many developing countries
including India.

328. The growth in inequality and poverty in the wake of urbanization poses many challenges to the
local authorities. There are only a few large cities that have benefited from their competitive position in a
globalizing economy. Most cities, particularly the small and medium cities, are excluded from the global
economy. For these cities, the implications of globalization and the emerging challenges for urban
management include the need for a proactive economic role for municipal authorities. The triple dynamics
of population growth, rapid urbanization and growing poverty present enormous challenges for sustainable
urbanization.

(iii) Rapid Urbanization

329. Economic development and urbanization are closely linked. Countries with a higher degree of
urbanization usually have higher GDP and income per capita and vice-versa. The reason is that economic
development involves transformation of an agricultural based economy to an industrial-services based
economy. Urbanization is being accelerated by a new global economy that is literally changing the face of
the country. Increasingly, urban growth is influenced by continued global economic integration and the
struggle for countries-and indeed individual cities-to be competitive in the global market place. Managing
rapid urban growth has increased in both scope and complexity and has become one of the most important
challenges of the 21st century.

(iv) Urban Governance

330. To provide adequate housing, sanitation employment and access to services, is an increasingly
urgent concern, as is the creation of conditions for inclusive citizenship and participation in community
decision-making. The implementation of policies to meet these challenges requires the political will to
allocate adequate resources and governance capacity. In addition, the limited capacity of local authorities,
and the weakness of local accountability mechanisms and citizen participation, reduces programme
effectiveness in many cases. This may require long-term investments in human resource development and
in the capacity of government and the local authorities.

331. All efforts to achieve rapid and inclusive development will only bear fruit if we can ensure good
governance both in the implementation of public programmes and in government’s interaction with the
common citizen. Much more needs to be done to ensure greater transparency and accountability, and create
awareness among citizens. The right to Information’s Act empowers the people to demand improved
governance, and the government must be ready to respond to this demand.

(v) Social Equity and Inclusive Development

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332. It is not just the scale of the problem in terms of numbers that is the challenge. The burden falls
heaviest on the most vulnerable and the poorest. It is women and children who suffer most from the
debilitation of disease and the tasks of collection and storage of water. Lack of safe sanitation affects
women the most, in terms not only of health but of safety and dignity. The task ahead is, therefore, not just
a mechanistic one about finance and infrastructure. It calls for dedicated commitment to address issues of
equity and inclusion and to balance the multiple requirements of urban, peri-urban and rural areas at a time
of rapid and unplanned urbanization. Such a challenge calls for no less than a transformation, to sensitive,
imaginative and accountable governance and fundamental changes in attitudes and behaviour, a culture of
services and responsibility by the local authorities and citizens alike.

(vi) Rehabilitation Issues

333. Our practices regarding rehabilitation of those displaced from their land because of development
projects, like infrastructure, Special Economic Zones, new townships are very deficient. These have caused
many people to feel vulnerable and there is discontent because of forced exclusion and marginalization.
This discontent is likely to grow exponentially if the benefits from enforced land acquisition are seen
accruing to private interests, or even to the state, at the cost of those displaced. Although the state
government has adopted the new Rehabilitation Policy, yet to give displaced people, their due right, it is
necessary to frame a transparent set of policy rules that address compensation, proper resettlement and
rehabilitation and also gives project affected persons a permanent stake in the project benefits.

(vii) Degradation of Urban Environment

334. Environmental degradation in urban centres is exacerbated as a result of rapid economic growth.
Air pollution due to increasing automobile ownership, inadequate solid and liquid waste disposal, and
rapid decline in peri-urban agriculture are common features in most cities in the state. With rapid
urbanization deforestation and expansion of human settlements into prime agriculture land, flood plains
and environmentally sensitive areas urban vulnerability has risen over years.

335. While in the short run there may seem to be a trade-off between environmental sustainability and
economic growth, we must in the longer run, take recourse to the complementarities between
environmental sustainability and human well-being. The threat of climate change poses a real challenge to
the well-being of future generations, a fact we can ill afford to ignore. Therefore, development strategy
has to be sensitive to these concerns and should ensure that threats and trade-offs are appropriately
evaluated.

(viii) Human Security: Disasters and Conflicts

336. The issues relating to human security and conflicts have become important in recent times
throughout the country. Urban areas are most vulnerable to these issues which may pose a great challenge
in future in terms of preparedness, mitigation and management.

Strengths and Opportunities

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337. Uttar Pradesh offers vast potential of development as it is endowed with rich natural and human
resources. The major part of Northern Plain of India traversed by Ganga, Yamuna and their tributaries falls
within Uttar Pradesh. With its fertile agricultural land, plain topography, ground and surface water
resources, vast network of roads and railways, historical, religious and cultural heritage, Uttar Pradesh is
placed in a more advantageous position than many other states of India. Given the large population base
and urban population growth being higher than the national average, there is ever increasing demand for
employment, housing and infrastructure.

338. The Information Technology industries and IT enabled services have created new avenues of
development in major cities of the state leading to FDI in the real estate sector. Similar strength is now
visible in the housing and urban development sector triggered by private sector participation policies
especially, Hi-tech Townships and Integrated Townships.

339. There is another important potential strength arising from the demographic trends in the state. The
dependency ratio is falling gradually from 70.78% in 1981 to 70.27% in 1990-91 and 67.52% in 2001. The
availability of vast human resource in an environment where private investment is expanding is of added
advantage. However, massive investment would be required on human resource development and skill
upgradation to create an environment capable of absorbing the young working population in productive
employment.

Housing Programme for Eleventh Five Year Plan

340. The total estimated housing demand during the Eleventh Plan period would be 15.84 lakh dwelling
units in all urban areas of the state. However, the implementing agencies mainly Development Authorities
are limited to 24 major cities and Housing and Development Board is functional in 102 towns having
overlapping jurisdiction with many Development Authorities. Thus, there are more than 500 small and
medium towns, where there is no specialized agency to undertake housing development.

341. To meet this demand, the public sector housing agencies would have to make concerted efforts to
expand their activities as a ‘facilitator‘ and also to promote private and cooperative sector participation.
Keeping in view the increased role of Private and Cooperative Sectors, about 2/3rd of the housing demand
during the Eleventh Plan is proposed to be met through organized Public, Private and Cooperative sectors.
The targets for Public, Private and Cooperative sectors will be 35%, 55% and 10%, respectively whereas,
proportion of EWS, LIG, MIG and HIG units will be 30%, 34%, 24% and 12 %, respectively as given in
table-5:-
Table-5: Housing Programme for Eleventh Plan (2007-12)
Targets in Lakh Units (plots/houses)

Housing Public Sector Private Cooperative

Total
Category Sector Sector
1 EWS 1.095 1.725 0.315 3.135 (30%)
2. LIG 1.241 1.955 0.357 3.553 (34%)

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 3. MIG 0.876 1.380 0.252 2.508 (24%)
4. HIG 0.438 0.690 0.126 1.254 (12%)

Total 3.65 5.75 1.05 10.45 (100%)

Target in Percent 35% 55% 10% 100%

342. As per the National and State Housing Policies, the role of the government is that of a “facilitator”
while the private sector has to increasingly play the role of a “provider”. As far as the provision of housing
for the higher and middle-income group is concerned, the private sector has taken the lead and is ably
delivering the same. But the poor and the economically weaker sections are left out to a large extent. The
economically weaker sections are the backbone of the society and provide much of the services, which
make the cities run effectively and improve the quality of life of its citizens. Therefore, about 64% of the
housing units would be provided for EWS and LIG households during the Eleventh Plan. About 55% of
the total housing units during the Eleventh Plan are proposed to be provided through the private sector
while contribution of public and cooperative sectors would be 35% and 10%, respectively. Rest of the
housing demand/requirement is expected to be met through individual self-help sector.

Strategic Initiatives for the Eleventh Five Year Plan

343. Major strategic initiatives for the Eleventh Plan are as under:

Building Sustainable Cities

344. To achieve urban sustainability, local authorities need to organize and manage cities utilizing a
systems approach in terms of the following:-

(a) Economic Development

345. Without a strong sustainable economy, no city, state, or local authority can offer the opportunity
for a high quality of life to its citizens. All of the challenges that a city faces are related in some way to its
economic base. Land use planning will be profoundly affected by the type of economy a city develops.
Land use will then dictate infrastructure investment. Drainage, sewerage, water, other utilities and
transportation systems will be driven by the land use plan. Developing a sustainable city with true
economic opportunity requires a comprehensive city master plan that understands and takes into account
these complex interrelationships.

346. The first step of the master planning process should be to conduct a resource assessment of the city
and then to analyze these resources from an economic development perspective. Natural resources such as
forests or water sources are easily understood, but other resources, such as the workforce, a good
infrastructure, a transparent taxation system, and recreational and cultural resources may be even more

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important. Therefore, city resources need to be assessed to guide the development of its master plan to
optimize the use of these resources in a sustainable way.

(b) Land Use

347. Building livable and sustainable cities starts with good land use policy. If land use is not planned
and managed correctly then all other city functions fail. Land use decisions drive infrastructure, determine
transportation systems, frame energy policy, affect economic development, and impact the quality of life in
a city in immeasurable ways. Therefore, land should be treated as an economic resource while making land
use decisions and its allocation to different activities based on compatibility of the use, their
interdependence and operational efficiency.

(c) Transportation

348. Perhaps nothing is an important to a city’s economic vitality as a good transportation system.
Cities that have been developed around automobile transportation invariably face enormous losses in
productivity with workers, goods, and commerce delayed in unproductive traffic congestion. A truly
sustainable city with a vibrant economy needs efficient and convenient mobility. To achieve this goal,
cities need to take a systems approach to transportation. Since most of our cities are organic in growth and
their core areas were never designed for the motor car hence, an integrated approach utilizing a variety of
technologies and advanced traffic management techniques can only provide for the transportation needs of
a particular city. Therefore, transportation planning needs to be accorded top priority especially in the
metropolitan cities of the state.

349. As per Census 2001, Kanpur and Lucknow are the biggest metropolitan cities which have crossed
2 Million population marks. The traffic and transportation conditions of these two cities are deteriorating
day by day. Therefore, an efficient Mass Rapid Transit System (MRTS) i.e. Metro Rail system needs to be
introduced in these cities. In this regard, an allocation of Rs.5.00 crore (Rs.2.50 crore each) would be
required in the Eleventh Five Year Plan for taking up the techno-economic feasibility study for MRTS in
both the cities.

(d) Urban Infrastructure

350. The quality of life in a city is greatly affected by the efficacy of its urban infrastructure. Strom-
water drainage system, wastewater treatment, solid waste management and power directly impact
environmental quality in a city. Local authorities need to lay special emphasis on planning, operation and
maintenance of its urban infrastructure more effectively. Availing maximum financial assistance and
successful implementation of schemes initiated under the centrally sponsored JNNURM, UIDSSMT and
IHSDP will proof a boon during the Eleventh Plan for improving and strengthening of infrastructure in the
urban areas of the state.

Promotion to Private Sector Participation

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351. It is globally recognized that public sector alone can not meet the requirements for urban housing
including the urban poor. It is in this sense that partnerships have emerged as a tool to accelerate delivery
of housing and public sector is assuming very important role to facilitate private sector and regulate
activities in terms of equity, environment and improvements in the quality of life. Although the private
sector is already playing a major role in housing delivery in the urban areas, their role has been primarily
related to addressing the requirements of higher income groups. The emphasis need to be shifted to
addressing the requirements of weaker sections. Therefore, development of public-private partnerships for
housing, particularly for the economically weaker sections, would be the main strategy during the Eleventh
Plan for alleviating the housing shortage and providing affordable shelter solutions for the poor in the
urban areas of the state.

GIS Mapping and Data Base Management

352. National Urban Information System (NUIS) is a centrally sponsored scheme introduced at the fag
end of Tenth Five Year Plan. Its main objective is to establish a comprehensive information system in
urban areas for planning, management and de-centralized governance in the context of provisions of
scientific planning and implementation of 74th Constitutional Amendment Act, 1992. This scheme is
intended to develop spatial as well as attribute data base for various levels of urban planning and decision
support to meet requirements of urban planning and management. All urban areas in India are proposed to
be covered by the end of Eleventh Five Year Plan under this scheme. In Uttar Pradesh, Urban
Development Department is the administrative department for this scheme and Town and Country
Planning Department has been declared as the nodal agency. In the first phase six cities viz. Lucknow,
Kanpur, Varanasi, Allahabad, Meerut and Ghaziabad are covered in the state under the NUIS scheme.

353. Besides NUISS, the State Housing and Urban Planning Department is envisaging total
computerization of all the Development Authorities, Housing and Development Board, Awas Bandhu and
Town and Country Planning Department. The training for all officers and staff involved in the use of GIS
is planned during Eleventh Five-Year Plan. Simultaneously, the Town and country Planning Department
will be strengthened by providing high-end computers capable for GIS software.

Guidelines for Preparation of Master Plan

354. Master Plans for cities are prepared by the state Town and Country Planning Department as an
agency for Development Areas, Special Development Areas and Regulated Areas. However, detailed
guidelines or manual on the form and content of the Master Plan do not exist. The provisions of the
prevailing Acts are grossly inadequate to ensure time-bound preparation of qualitative and pragmatic
Master Plans. Town and Country Planning Department is in the process of formulating guidelines which
shall be enforced in accordance with the provisions the respective Acts. Moreover, despite the mandatory
requirements of the planning Acts, preparation of Zonal Plans has largely been ignored and main focus has
been on preparation of Master Plans. Thus, Master Plans could not be implemented in their true spirit in
the absence of micro (zonal) plans. Therefore, it is proposed to accord priority to preparation of Zonal

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Development Plans during the Eleventh Five Year Plan so as to ensure implementation of the Master
Plans.

Formulation of New State Housing Policy

355. The State Urban Housing Policy was framed in the year 1995 and approved by the Hon’ble
Cabinet. Almost all strategic proposals as envisaged in the above policy have been implemented by the
state government during the past ten years. Keeping in view the changing socio-economic needs of our
cities and the new challenges of urbanization, there is a need to formulate the new State Urban Housing
Policy. As per the mandate of National Housing and Habitat Policy, 2005, it is obligatory on the part of
the State Government to frame the new Housing Policy. This task is proposed to be accomplished in the
first year of the Eleventh Plan.

Revision of Building Bye-laws

356. A simplified Model Building Code known as "Building Construction and Development Bye-laws,
2000" has been enforced in the urban areas of the state to create an enabling regulatory regime where all
sections of the society may secure affordable housing. It lays down uniform procedure for obtaining
development and building permits and provides for innovative concepts such as purchasable floor space,
compensatory floor space, etc. It also incorporates mandatory provision for rainwater harvesting system,
earthquake resistant construction, barrier-free environment for disabled and solar water heating system in
the new development/construction. Since National Building Code of India has been revised in 2005,
therefore, Building Bye-laws as applicable in the state are being revised which shall be enforced during
the Eleventh Plan in all the Development Authorities, Controlling Authorities, Special Area Development
Authorities and the Housing and Development Board.

Urban Reforms under JNNURMM

357. Government of India launched on 3rd December, 2005 a new scheme called JNNURM in a mission
mode and UIDSSMT and IHSDP schemes were also launched along with this scheme. The objective of
these schemes is mainly to improve the urban infrastructure of large as well as small cities in India. State
governments can avail the benefits of these schemes only after implementing mandatory and optional
reforms at the state level and ULB/ para-state level.

358. In the context of JNNURM, Housing and Urban Planning Department is mainly concerned with
reforms like (1) Revision of Bye-laws to streamline the approval process for construction of buildings,
development of sites, etc., (2) Simplification of legal and procedural frameworks for conversion of
agricultural land for non-agricultural purposes, (3) Earmarking at least 20-25% of developed land in all
housing projects for EWS/LIG category with a system of cross-subsidization, (4) Revision of Bye-laws to
make rain water harvesting mandatory in all buildings and adoption of water conservation measures, (5)
Encouraging Public-Private Partnership (6) Repeal of Urban Land Ceiling and Regulation, Act. These
reforms are to be carried out during the Eleventh Plan period in a phased manner as stated in the MoU
signed by State Government / ULBs with Government of India. Though all the foregoing reforms have
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been carried out by the Housing and Urban Planning Department yet, reform no. (3) needs to be re-
examined as per the requirement of the MoU. Revision of Building Bye-laws is under progress at present
which will be completed within the financial year 2007-08.

Preparation of District Plans

359. The 74th Constitution Amendment Act, 1992 envisages devolution of powers to elected bodies at
the local level. Planning is one of the functions that is expected to be performed by the Local Bodies. In
pursuance of above, the state government has enacted UP District Planning Committee Act, 1999. This Act
prescribes constitution of a District Planning Committee in every district to consolidate the plans prepared
by the Panchayats and Municipalities in the district and to prepare a draft development plan for the district
as a whole. The Act envisages that draft development plan shall take into consideration the matters of
common interest between the Panchayats and Municipalities including spatial planning, sharing of water
and other physical and natural resources, the integrated development of infrastructure and environmental
conservation, extent and type of available resources. At present, District Planning Committees in the state
exist under the Chairmanship of a Minister, in charge of the district concerned and CDO of the district as
Secretary. These committees are entrusted with the responsibility to finalize the draft development plan for
the district. Since these committees are not functional in their true spirit, government has decided to make
them functional.

360. As a follow up of the 74th Constitution Amendment Act, 1992, the Town and Country Planning
Organization, Government of India prepared a Model Town and Country Planning Act wherein it is
recommended to have a Town Planner as Secretary of the District Planning Committee with supporting
staff to prepare the district plans. Therefore, it is proposed to strengthen the District Planning Committee
with a Town Planner and the supporting staff to enable the committee to prepare the draft district plans in
accordance with the provisions of the Uttar Pradesh District Planning Committee Act, 1999. For
preparation of draft district plans of all the districts of the state, a budget allocation of Rs.35 crore (Rs.50
lakh per district) would be required during the Eleventh Plan.

Enactment of Town and Country Planning Act

361. The state government has signed a Memorandum of Understanding with Central Government to
carry out reforms in a time-bound manner in tune with the provisions of 74th Constitutional Amendment
Act. The reforms include decentralization of planning process, rationalization and repeal of certain laws
and transferring certain identified functions including town planning to urban local bodies.

362. Keeping in view the provisions of 74th Constitutional Amendment Act, Government of India has
prepared a Model Town & Country Planning Act which has been circulated to all the state governments for
adoption. Uttar Pradesh perhaps is the only state in the country where there is no Town and Country
Planning Act. Since the signing of MoU makes it obligatory on the part of Government to carryout the
reforms; it is proposed to enact U.P.Town and Country Planning Act during
Eleventh Five Year Plan. This will help in balanced urban and regional development of the state as well as

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achieve the milestones set out in the MoU. The draft Town and Country Planning Bill, 2005 is under
consideration of the state government.

Promotion to Cost-Effective Materials and Technology

363. The cost of building construction is increasing at a high rate, rendering the housing activity beyond
the bounds of affordability of even the middle class. This has become all the more relevant in the macro
context, due to the large volume of housing to be done in both rural and urban areas as against the limited
resource pool of building materials and finance available. Hence, there is need for the adoption of cost-
effective materials and appropriate technologies in building affordable, aesthetic and acceptable homes, to
overcome the shortage of housing in the state. This calls for a people-oriented bottom-up approach,
striking the right balance between the traditional and modern technologies towards optimizing the
construction costs. The premier research and development bodies in the country have come up with many
innovative options which can contribute to cost reduction, and at the same time offer solutions which are
durable, functional, acceptable and also aesthetically pleasing.

Conservation of Energy

364. Increasing demand for energy is leading to energy crisis. It has necessitated the use of sunlight and
electricity in synergy for optimum energy utilization. Efficient and maximum utilization of sunlight and
other renewable sources of energy such as the solar and wind would help to come out of the energy crisis.
It has also been established that architectural designs which make provisions for maximum amount of
sunlight to enter the room eventually lead to lesser consumption of electricity. Therefore, there is need for
specific architectural features for energy conservation such as green buildings and solar passive designs.
With the enactment of Energy Conservation Act-2001, it is obligatory on the part of the state government
to facilitate and enforce efficient use of energy and its conservation.

365. A green building, also known as a sustainable building, is a structure that is designed, built,
renovated, operated, or reused in an ecological and resource efficient manner. Green buildings are
designed to meet certain objectives such as protecting occupant health; improving employee productivity,
using energy, water, and other resources more efficiently; and reducing the overall impact to the
environment. Building “green” is an opportunity to use our resources efficiently while creating healthier
buildings that improve human health, build a better environment, and provide cost savings. To promote the
concept of sustainable building, Energy Conservation Building Code will be incorporated in the Building
Bye-laws in consultation with NEDA.

Protection of Environment

366. Erratic climatic conditions leading to prolonged periods of dry spells, flash floods, rising
temperatures and pollution levels have generated a sense of urgency among the policy makers to take
sincere steps to halt the degradation of global eco-systems and macro-climatic conditions. Therefore,
future urban development strategy will have to be sensitive to environmental considerations to ensure
overall human well being. In order to promote environmentally sustainable development of urban areas,
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major emphasis will be laid on effective implementation of following measures during the Eleventh Five
Year Plan:-
(a) To promote efficient land use planning based on integration of living and working areas
so as to minimize traffic generation, travel distance and auto- exhaust emissions.
(b) Conservation, augmentation & management of water through implementation of
Rainwater Harvesting System.
(c) Conservation of existing forest/green cover and increase in the green space/areas
through enforcement of Master Plan Guidelines and preparation of Zonal
Development Plans.
(d) Conservation of energy through promotion of non-conventional energy sources and
adoption of sustainable building concept.
(e) Promote the use of local building materials and use of renewable materials.
(f) Conservation of prime agricultural land and environmentally sensitive areas through
rationalization of planning norms and Building Bye-laws.
(g) To make provisions for safe disposal of solid wastes in the city Master Plans.
(h) Environmental Impact Assessment of development projects and environmental
clearance from Central/State departments to be strictly adhered to before
commencing of the projects.

Rural Housing

Indira Awaas Yojana

367. As per guidelines of the Government of India, houses are provided free of cost to the selected
beneficiaries. 80% of the funds are utilized on the construction of new houses and remaining 20% funds
are utilized for up gradation of kutcha houses. Houses are constructed on the plots of beneficiaries.
Allotment of houses should be in the name of female member of the beneficiary household. Alternatively,
it can be allotted in the name of both husband and wife. The houses are normally built on individual plots
in the main habitation of the village. The houses can also be in a cluster within a habitation, so as to
facilitate the development of infrastructure, such as, internal roads, drainage, drinking water supply etc.
and other common facilities.

368. The target group for houses under the scheme are people below poverty line living in rural areas
and belonging to Scheduled Castes/Scheduled Tribes, freed bonded labourers and non-SC/ST subject to
the condition that the benefits to non-SC/ST should not exceed 40% of total allocation during a financial
year. 3% of the funds have been earmarked for the benefit of disabled persons below poverty line. From
1.4.2005 upper limit of new construction is Rs.25,000 for each house in plain areas and Rs.27000 in
Bundelkhand region while cost of up gradation of each kutcha house is Rs.12,500. Though the design is
not prescribed for the house however, plinth area of the houses should be around 20 sq.mts.
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369. On the basis of BPL Census 2002 the rural housing shortage in Uttar Pradesh is nearly 45 lakh. To
provide houses to identified BPL families is prime priority of the State in the next Eleventh Five Year Plan
from 2007-12. Thus in five years we need 45 lakh houses to be constructed i.e. 9 lakh house per year.
Therefore there is a need of new housing scheme to be implemented by the State Government apart from
the IAY or to increase the outlay of IAY up to that mark.

370. At present there is a need of about 45.00 lakh of dwelling units in the State as per Permanent Wait
List prepared by the districts. Under IAY Efforts are being made to cover 20.00 lakh families during the
Eleventh Five Year Plan subject to availability of Rs.5000.00 crore ( Rs.3750 crore from Central Govt.
and Rs.1250 crore from State Govt.) though State Planning Commission has provided Rs.750.00 crore as
state share outlay, hence additional outlay of Rs.500 crore is desired under the scheme.

371. The tentative outlay fixed by the Govt. of India for the 2007- 08 under IAY is Rs.640 crore which
includes state share of Rs.160 crore against which about 2.50 lakh houses can be constructed whereas State
Govt. has planned to construct 4.00 lakh houses for which Rs.1000.00 crore (Rs.750.00 crore central share
and Rs.250.00 crore state share) will be required.

372. Permanent IAY waitlist is prepared for each Gram Panchayat based on BPL census 2002. List is
displayed in each Gram Panchayat. The IAY waitlist is also displayed on the respective district's NIC
website in which Blockwise and village wise identified households are displayed.
IAY Financial and Physical Progress During Tenth Plan
Year Financial (Rs. crore) Physical (Lakh No.)
Outlay Expenditure Target Achievement
1 2 3 4 5
600.00 14.40
Tenth Plan target
79.25 81.55 1.90 1.77
2002-03
79.25 82.58 2.00 1.90
2003-04
82.47 105.03 2.00 2.00
2004-05
113.19 117.60 2..00 1.88
2005-06
125.00 110.80 1.83 1.62
2006-07
600.00 497.56 7.73 7.29
Total of Tenth
Plan
750.00 - 12.50 -
Eleventh Plan
Target
160.00 - 2.50 -
2007-08

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State Funded Rural Housing Scheme for BPL families

373. The State Government has decided to fully clear the backlog of 17.50 lakh homeless belonging to
SC/ST families during the Eleventh Plan. While about 9.5 lakh SC/ST families will be covered under the
centrally sponsored Indira Awas Yojana, balance 8 lakh SC/ST families will be covered under a State
sector scheme which was launched during 2006-07. The pattern of scheme will be the same as that of
Indira Awas Yojana. An outlay of Rs. 300 crore has been provided for the year 2007-08 for construction of
1.20 lakh houses.

Pradhan Mantri Gramoday Yojana (Gramin Awas Yojana)

374. This scheme is being implemented on the pattern of Indira Awas Yojana. Only difference is that
the scheme is cent-percent centrally funded whereas Indira Awas Yojana is based on sharing between
Central and State Government in the ratio of 75:25.
Financial and Physical Progress
Year Financial (Rs. crore) Physical (No.)
Outlay Expenditure Target Achievement
1 2 3 4 5
2000-01 50.45 26.16 30,277 30,277
2001-02 37.67 43.13 11,292 11,292
Tenth Plan Target 252.98 1,26,490
2002-03 37.00 36.98 22,500 19,034
2003-04 37.00 37.02 22,500 29,799
2004-05 37.00 37.00 17,500 22,500
2005-06 37.00 22.26 17,805 11,567
Total of Tenth plan 148.00 133.26 80,305 82,900

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 ANNEXURE-1

The list of the number of villages implemented in various above programmes (IXth and Xth Plan)
Swajaldhara Programme World Bank Assisted Swajal Project
S.No District Total No. of S. No District No. of Villages
villages Name
1 Agra 416 1 Banda 15
2 Allahabad 145 2 Chitrakoot 56
3 Ambedkar Nagar 29 3 Hamirpur 33
4 Azamgarh 67 4 Jalaun 100
5 Badaun 87 5 Jhansi 59
6 Bagpat 24 6 Lalitpur 52
7 Balia 10 7 Mahoba 42
8 Balrampur 27 Total 357
9 Banda 81
10 Barabanki 17
11 Bareilly 46 Sector Reforms
12 Basti 42 S.no District No. of Villages
Name
13 Bijnor 70 1 Agra 150
14 Chandauli 226 2 Chandauli 155
15 Chitrakoot 18 3 Lucknow 150
16 Deoria 23 4 Mirzapur 150
17 Etawah 49 5 Sonbhadra 327
18 Fatehpur 69 Total 932
19 Faizabad 75
20 Ghaziabad 6
21 Gonda 28
22 Gorakhpur 55
23 Hamirpur 24
24 Jalaun 26
25 Jaunpur 18
26 Jhansi 44
27 J.P. Nagar 10
28 Kannauj 3
29 Kaushambhi 66
30 Kushinagar 3
31 Lucknow 267
32 Mahoba 14
33 Maharajganj 148
34 Mainpuri 30
35 Mathura 88
36 Mau 24
37 Meerut 38
38 Mirzapur 78
39 Moradabad 55

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40 Muzaffarnagar 38
41 Pratapgarh 194
42 Raibarelly 41
43 Saharanpur 47
44 Shahjahanpur 53
45 Sant Kabir Nagar 72
46 Siddharthnagar 53
47 Sitapur 21
48 Sonbhadra 118
49 Sultanpur 94
50 Sant Ravidas Nagar 13
51 Unnao 41
52 Varanasi 177
Total 3508

[ 314 ]
Total Number of Villages under Swajal (1996-2003), Sector Reforms (1999 - 2003) and Swajaldhara
Programme (2003-till now)
S.No District Total no. S.No District Total no.
of of
villages villages
1 Agra 566 27 J.P. Nagar 10
2 Allahabad 145 28 Kannauj 3
3 Ambedkar Nagar 29 29 Kaushambhi 66
4 Azamgarh 67 30 Kushinagar 3
5 Badaun 87 31 Lucknow 417
6 Bagpat 24 32 Mahoba 56
7 Balia 10 33 Maharajganj 148
8 Balrampur 27 34 Mainpuri 30
9 Banda 96 35 Mathura 88
10 Barabanki 17 36 Mau 24
11 Bareilly 46 37 Meerut 38
12 Basti 42 38 Mirzapur 228
13 Bijnor 70 39 Moradabad 55
14 Chandauli 381 40 Muzaffarnagar 38
15 Chitrakoot 74 41 Pratapgarh 194
16 Deoria 23 42 Raibarelly 41
17 Etawah 49 43 Saharanpur 47
18 Fatehpur 69 44 Shahjahanpur 53
Sant Kabir
19 Faizabad 75 45 Nagar 72
20 Ghaziabad 6 46 Siddharthnagar 53
21 Gonda 28 47 Sitapur 21
22 Gorakhpur 55 48 Sonbhadra 445
23 Hamirpur 57 49 Sultanpur 94
Sant Ravidas
24 Jalaun 26 50 Nagar 13
25 Jaunpur 118 51 Unnao 41
26 Jhansi 103 52 Varanasi 177
Total 4745

[ 315 ]
 Annexure
Proposed Plan Outlay : Roads and Bridges
Physical and Financial Targets and Fund Management Proposal for Eleventh Plan (2007-2012)
# Item Unit Physical and financial targets
Physical targetRate in Rs.Total
of XI Plan Crore Estimated cost
of works
(In Rs.Cr.)
1 2 3 4 5 6
1.1 Strengthening & widening to 7m of existing roads
A State Highways (Single lane) Km. 2737 0.80 2181.95
B State Highways (Intermediate lane) Km. 1441 0.69 991.80
C Major District Roads (Single lane) Km. 5195 0.80 4142.48
D Major District Roads (Intermediate lane) Km. 1518 0.69 1044.68
E Other District Roads (single lane to int. lane) Km. 5170 0.59 3051.93
F Other District Roads (Intermediate lane to 2 lane) Km. 403 0.69 277.43
1.2 Strengthening of existing road network
A State Highways Km. 1312.26 0.82 1078.65
B Major District Roads Km. 126.40 0.82 103.90
C Other District Roads Km. 262.60 0.82 215.85
1.3 4 Laning of SH/MDR/ODR Km. 1788.00 1.51 2698.99
2 Const. of bye-passes for cities/towns Km. 50 1.00 50.00
3 Const of Fly overs in major cities fly overs 0.00

4 Const. of Railway overhead / underhead bridges ROB 34 15.18 516.18

5 Const. /Re-const. of Major Bridges/Minor(a) Major Bridges 197 4.54 894.89
Bridges/Pontoon Bridges (b) Weak/5 2.21 11.07
distressed Bridges
(c) Wid.of Narrow6 2.31 13.87
Bridges
(d) Pontoon10 2.00 20.00
Bridges
6 New Constructions of roads (Considering av. 2.5 kmKm. 18875 0.35 6593.39
length for connectivity)

7 Computerization etc. 50.00

8 Research & Development 35.00
9 Mechanization/Modernization of Machinery 75.00
10 Traffic Safety measures 105.00
11 Conversion & strengthening of Rural Roads to standardKm. 15000 0.19 2846.91
single lane road including roads of other Dept.

12 BOT Roads Km. 285 495.00

ROBs/Bridges No. 6 15.18 91.09
Total 27585.08

Year-wise Bifurcation of Physical Targets for Eleventh Plan (2007-2012)

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# Item Unit Physical Targets
Total for Year wise Targets
Eleventh 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12
plan (km./No.
period (km./No.) (km./No.) (km./No.) (km./No.)
)
(km.)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
1.1 Strengthening & widening to 0
7m of existing roads
A State Highways (Single lane) Km. 2736.60 410.49 684.15 547.32 547.32 547.32
B State HighwaysKm. 1440.68 216.10 360.17 288.13 288.13 288.13
(Intermediate lane)
C Major District Roads (SingleKm. 5195.50 779.32 1298.87 1039.09 1039.10 1039.10
lane)
D Major District RoadsKm. 1517.51 227.62 379.37 303.50 303.50 303.50
(Intermediate lane)
E Other District Roads (singleKm. 5170.20 775.53 1292.55 1034.04 1034.04 1034.04
lane to int. lane)
F Other District RoadsKm. 403.00 60.45 100.75 80.60 80.60 80.60
(Intermediate lane to 2 lane)
1.2 Strengthening of existing
road network
A State Highways Km. 1312.26 196.83 328.06 262.45 262.45 262.45
B Major District Roads Km. 126.40 18.96 31.60 25.28 25.28 25.28
C Other District Roads Km. 262.60 39.39 65.65 52.52 52.52 52.52
1.3 4 Laning of SH/MDR/ODR Km. 1788.00 357.60 357.60 357.60 357.60 357.60
2 Const. of bye-passes forKm. 50 10 10 10 10 10
cities/towns
3 Const of Fly overs in majorfly overs 0
cities
4 Const. of Railway over-ROB 34 6 7 7 7 7
head/under-head bridges
5 Const. /Re-const. of Major(a) Major197 40 40 40 40 37
Bridges/Minor Bridges
Bridges/Pontoon Bridges (b) 5 1 1 1 1 1
Weak/distr
essed
Bridges
(c) Wid.of6 1 1 1 1 2
Narrow
Bridges
(d) 10 2 2 2 2 2
Pontoon
Bridges
6 New Construction of 3.75 mKm. 18875.00 3775 4718.75 4718.75 3775 1887.5
wide village roads
(Considering av. 2.5 km
length for connectivity)
7 Conversion & str. of RuralKm. 15000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000
Rds to std single lane Rds
incl. Rds of other Dept.
8 BOT Roads Km. 285 45 60 60 60 60
ROBs/Bridges No. 6 1 2 3

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# Item Unit Physical Targets
Total

[ 318 ]
 Year-wise Bifurcation of Financial Targets for Eleventh Plan (2007-2012)
# Item Financial Targets
Total for Year wise Targets
Eleventh 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12
plan
period (Cr.) (Cr.) (Cr.) (Cr.) (Cr.)
(Cr.)
1 2 10 11 12 13 14 15
1.1 Strengthening & widening to0
7m of existing roads
a State Highways (Single lane) 2181.95 327.29 545.49 436.39 436.39 436.39
b State Highways (Intermediate991.80 148.77 247.95 198.36 198.36 198.36
lane)
c Major District Roads (Single4142.48 621.37 1035.62 828.50 828.50 828.50
lane)
d Major District Roads1044.68 156.70 261.17 208.94 208.94 208.94
(Intermediate lane)
e Other District Roads (single3051.93 457.79 762.98 610.39 610.39 610.39
lane to int. lane)
f Other District Roads277.43 41.62 69.36 55.49 55.49 55.49
(Intermediate lane to 2 lane)
1.2 Strengthening of existing road
network
a State Highways 1078.65 161.80 269.66 215.73 215.73 215.73
b Major District Roads 103.90 15.59 25.98 20.78 20.78 20.78
c Other District Roads 215.85 32.38 53.96 43.17 43.17 43.17
1.3 4 Laning of SH/MDR/ODR 2698.99 539.80 539.80 539.80 539.80 539.80
2 Const. of bye-passes for50.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00
cities/towns
3 Const of Fly overs in major0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
cities
4 Const. of Railway over-516.18 91.09 106.27 106.27 106.27 106.27
head/under-head bridges
5 Const. /Re-const. of Major894.89 181.70 181.70 181.70 181.70 168.08
Bridges/Minor Bridges/Pontoon11.07 2.21 2.21 2.21 2.21 2.21
Bridges 13.87 2.31 2.31 2.31 2.31 4.62
20.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.00
6 New Construction of 3.75 m6593.39 1318.68 1648.35 1648.35 1318.68 659.34
wide village roads (Considering
av. 2.5 km length for
connectivity)
7 Computerization etc. 50.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00
8 research & Development 35.00 7.00 7.00 7.00 7.00 7.00
9 Mechanization/Modernization of75.00 15.00 15.00 15.00 15.00 15.00
Machinery
10 Traffic Safety measures 105.00 21.00 21.00 21.00 21.00 21.00
11 Conversion & str. of Rural Rds2846.91 569.38 569.38 569.38 569.38 569.38
to std single lane Rds incl. Rds
of other Dept.
12 BOT Roads 495.00 99.00 99.00 99.00 99.00 99.00
ROBs/Bridges 91.09 18.22 18.22 18.22 18.22 18.22
Total 27585.08 4852.70 6506.42 5851.98 5522.31 4851.66

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