STUDENTS ASSIGNMENT

GRUP NAME :

IVO TOMY POMPANG T. NIM. I31112064

KARTIKA SARI NIM. I31112030
SUCIPTO NIM. I31112094
SYAFFIRA BELLA NABILLA NIM. I31112051
YOSEPHINE TANJUNG NIM. I31112018
AYU MALLYYA NIM I31112042

LECTURER : Luqman Riswanda, S.Pd.

SUBJECT : English
COURSES : Nurshing

MEDICAL FACULTY
TANJUNGPURA UNIVERSITY
PONTIANAK

ACADEMIC YEAR 2012/2013

Answer these questions completely !

1. What department you would like to work in ?

Answer : The department I would like to work in clinic.

2. What kind of depertment is it ? Explain it.

Answer : Dermatology. Dermatology is the branch of medicine dealing with the skin and
its diseases a unique specialty with both medical and surgical aspects. A dermatologist
takes care of diseases, in the widest sense, and some cosmetic problems of the skin, scalp,
hair, and nails.

3. Why are you choosing that depertment ? Explain briefly !

Answer : I choose that depertment because I want to study and research many diseases
unique specialty with both medical and surgical aspects about skin and of course I will
find the best way to cure this diseases.

4. Mention some diseases related to the depertment and explain in detail ( the causes, curing
process, and the treatment/therapy for sufferer)
Answer :
a. The couses :
DM (Diabetes Militus)
Diabetes, often referred to by doctors as diabetes mellitus, describes a group of
metabolic diseases in which the person has high blood glucose (blood sugar), either
because insulin production is inadequate, or because the body's cells do not respond
properly to insulin, or both.
b. Curring process :

c. The Treatment/Therapy for sufferer :

Diabetes type 1 lasts a lifetime, there is no known cure. Type 2 usually lasts a
lifetime, however, some people have managed, through a lot of exercise, diet and
excellent body weight control to get rid of their symptoms without medication.
Researchers from the Mayo Clinic Arizona in Scottsdale showed that gastric bypass
surgery can reverse type 2 diabetes in a high proportion of patients. They added that
within three to five years the disease recurs in approximately 21% of them.
Patients with type 1 are treated with regular insulin injections, as well as a special diet
and exercise.
Patients with Type 2 diabetes are usually treated with tablets, exercise and a special
diet, but sometimes insulin injections are also required.
If diabetes is not adequately controlled the patient has a significantly higher risk of
developing complications.
Insulin Therapy for Patients Outpatient DM

A. Insulin therapy is indicated for patients with diabetes mellitus outpatient

Still the presence of multiple constraints insulin use by general practitioners, often
cause delays that good blood glucose control for patients with diabetes mellitus.
Patients with diabetes mellitus type 2 (T2DM), which has control of blood glucose is
not well with the use of oral antidiabetic medications should be considered for
addition of insulin as a combination therapy with oral medications or insulin alone.
Insulin given earlier and more aggressive showed better clinical outcomes, especially
related to glukotoksisitas.Hal problem is demonstrated by the improvement of
pancreatic beta cell function. Insulin also have other beneficial effects in relation to
diabetes complications. Insulin therapy prevents endothelial damage, suppress the
inflammatory process, reducing the incidence of apoptosis, and improve lipid
profiles. Thus, in summary it can be said that the clinical outcomes of patients
receiving insulin therapy will be better. Insulin, particularly insulin analog, is kind of
nice because it has a very close secretion profile of insulin secretion patterns of
normal or physiological.
Initially, insulin therapy only for patients with diabetes mellitus type 1 (DMT1),
however in fact, more insulin is used by the patient because of the prevalence of
T2DM T2DM far more than DMT1.
Insulin therapy in T2DM can be started, among others for patients with failure of oral
therapy, control of blood glucose levels of bad (A1c> 7.5% or fasting blood glucose>
250 mg / dl), history pankreatektomi or pancreatic dysfunction, a history of
fluctuating glucose levels width of blood, history of ketoacidosis, insulin usage
history over 5 years and people with diabetes more than 10 years.

B. Starting and flow of insulin

In patients with DMT1, insulin administration is recommended that multiple daily

injections with the aim of achieving control of blood glucose levels is good. In
addition, provision can also be done using an insulin pump (continuous subcutaneous
insulin infusion, CSII).
Each service center has grooves diabetes therapy and at different initial insulin
therapy for patients with T2DM. The flow created by an agreement between the
American Diabetes Association (ADA) and the European Association for the Study of
Diabetes (EASD), published in August 2006 can be used as a reference.
There are several ways to start and adjust the dosage of insulin therapy for T2DM
patients. One of the most cutting edge and can be used as a reference is the result of
consensus PERKENI 2006 and the ADA-EASD consensus in 2006. As a grip, if the
level of blood glucosa poorly controlled (A1C> 7.5%) in the period of 3 months to 2
oral medications, then it is no indication to initiate combination therapy of oral
antidiabetic drugs and insulin.
In certain circumstances where Amat poor glycemic control and accompanied
catabolic conditions, such as fasting blood glucosa levels> 250 mg / dl, random blood
glucosa levels persist> 300 mg / dl, A1C> 10%, or found ketonuria, then insulin
therapy can be started concurrently with lifestyle intervention. In addition, insulin
therapy can also be directly given to diabetic patients who have obvious symptoms
(polyuria, polyphagia and weight loss). These conditions are often found in patients
 with T2DM DMT1 or severe insulin deficiency. If the symptoms disappear, oral
antidiabetic drugs can be added and use of insulin can be stopped.
As already known, the disorder occurs in patients with DM basal and prandial insulin
secretion to maintain blood glucosa levels within normal limits in both the fasting
state and after meals. Thus the nature of DM hdala treatment lowers levels of blood
glucosa both fasting and after eating.
In order to achieve the goal of treatment is good, it needs insulin to resemble the
characteristics of a healthy person, the insulin levels in accordance with the needs of
basal and prandial. Basal insulin, in addition to prandial insulin, is one of the
treatment strategies to improve the levels of fasting blood glucosa or before eating.
Because blood glucosa after eating is a condition that is affected by the levels of
fasting blood glucosa, it is expected to reduce levels of blood glucosa basal blood
glucosa levels after meals also come down.
How do basal insulin with rapid-acting insulin intravenous drip (only performed on
hospitalized patients), or the provision of long-acting insulin subcutaneously. Type of
long-acting insulin available in Indonesia is one of insulin detemir (Levemir patent
flexpen name of Novo).
Ideally, according to the physiological state of the body, insulin therapy was
administered once to the needs of basal and prandial insulin three times for needs
after a meal. However, insulin therapy is given may be varied according to patient
comfort during insulin therapy approach physiological needs. Although many ways
that can be recommended, Namur basic principle is the same, ie prandial insulin
combined with basal insulin in an attempt to mimic physiologic insulin secretion.

5. Mention some others depertments you may see in hospital, except the depertment youve
seen from your book.
Answer :
Diagnostic imaging
Discharge lounge
Ear nose and throat (ENT)
Elderly services department
Gastroenterology
General surgery
Gynaecology
Haematology
Maternity departments
Microbiology
Neonatal unit
Nephrology
Nutrition and dietetics
Ophthalmology
Orthopaedics,
Sexual health (genitourinary medicine)