Determination of Regression Formulas for Main

Dimensions of Tankers and Bulk Carriers

based on IHS Fairplay data

Technical University of Denmark

Hans Otto Kristensen

Project no. 2010-56, Emissionsbeslutningsstttesystem

Work Package 2, Report no. 02
September 2012
Determination of Regression Formulas for Main Dimensions of
Tankers and Bulk Carriers based on IHS Fairplay data

On the following pages are shown the results of the analysis of IHS Fairplay data for tankers and
bulk carriers. All possible outliers have been left out (obvious errors in data and vessels having
unusual dimensions) as described in following document:

Data Analyses Standard Vessel Determination. Tankers, Bulk Carriers and Container Vessels.
Project no. 2010-56. Work Package 2, Report no. 01. University of Southern Denmark. Author:
Marie Ltzen

Tankers have been categorized in following 7 groups:

1. Small tankers (< 10000 DWT)

2. Handysize tankers (10000 - 25000 DWT)
3. Handymax tankers (25000 - 55000 DWT)
4. Panamax tankers (55000 - 80000 DWT)
5. Aframax tankers (80000 - 120000 DWT)
6. Suezmax tankers (120000 - 170000 DWT)
7. VLCC (170000 - 330000 DWT)

The equations found by regression analysis are shown for each individual ship sub type. The
equations are basis for the generic ship design model for determination of main dimensions and
propulsion characteristics for all types of tankers and bulk carriers in the following called DTU
and SDU model.

There are no tankers in the range from 170000 DWT to 250000 DWT, but in this area a linear
interpolation has been carried out in order to establish equations for the whole deadweight range
from 1000 to 330000 DWT.

Regression equations for tankers can be found in App. A-G, bulk carriers in App. H-O and finally
comments about water plane area coefficient and scantling and design draught in in app P.

Common Structural Rules

Most of the ships in the statistical analysis have been built before the introduction of Common
Structural Rules (CSR) for tankers and bulk carriers for tankers longer than 150 m and bulk
carriers longer than 90 m. These rules will increase the steel weight most probably by 5 10 %.

In order to take the CSR rules into account, all lightweight formulas has been corrected, such that
the lightweight for tankers longer than 150 m for and bulk carriers longer than 90 m has been
increased by 5 %, by adding a factor 1.05 to the formulas for the lightweight coefficient as these
coefficient formulas represent the outcome of the actual ship data of which most of them are not
constructed according to the relatively new CSR rules effective after 2005.

The resulting block coefficient and length displacement ratio in all the figures in this report have
been determined after addition of the extra 5 % lightweight.

1
 64

56
290

48
Length pp (m)

Breadth (m)
230
40

170 32

All tankers 24 All tankers

110 Yellow dots indicate DTU and SDU Yellow dots indicate DTU and SDU
model default values 16 model default values
50 8
0 50000 100000 150000 200000 250000 300000 350000 0 50000 100000 150000 200000 250000 300000 350000
Deadweight (tons) Deadweight (tons)

Fig. 1 Length between pp as function of DWT Fig. 2 Breadth as function of DWT

36 24

30 20

24 16
Draught (m)
Depth (m)

18 12

12 All tankers 8 All tankers

Yellow dots indicate DTU and SDU Yellow dots indicate DTU and SDU
6 model default values 4 model default values

0 0
0 50000 100000 150000 200000 250000 300000 350000 0 50000 100000 150000 200000 250000 300000 350000
Deadweight (tons) Deadweight (tons)

Fig. 3 Depth as function of DWT Fig. 4 Maximum draught as function of DWT

50000 0.25

All tankers
40000 0.20 Yellow dots indicate DTU and SDU
Lightweight(L/B/D (t/m3)

model default values

Lightweight (t)

30000 0.15

20000 0.10

All tankers 0.05

10000
Yellow dots indicate DTU
and SDU model default values
0.00
0
0 50000 100000 150000 200000 250000 300000 350000
0 50000 100000 150000 200000 250000 300000 350000
Deadweight (tons)
Deadweight (tons)

Fig. 5 Lightweight as function of DWT Fig. 6 Lightweight coefficient as function of

DWT

2
 0.95 6.0

All tankers
0.90
5.6 Yellow dots indicate DTU
and SDU model default values
Block coefficient

Lpp/displ.vol 1/3
0.85
5.2

0.80

4.8
0.75
All tankers
4.4
0.70 Yellow dots indicate DTU and
SDU model default values
0.65 4.0
0 50000 100000 150000 200000 250000 300000 350000 0 50000 100000 150000 200000 250000 300000 350000
Deadweight (tons) Deadweight (tons)

Fig. 7 Block coefficient as function of DWT Fig. 8 Length displacement ratio as function of
DWT

3
Appendix A - Small tankers (< 10000 DWT)
Length pp = 6.809 * DWT0.3048

Breadth = 1.406 * DWT0.285

Depth = 4.4 + 0.000681 * DWT

Draught = 0.33 * DWT0.343

Lightweight/Lpp/B/D = 0.2096 - 0.00000724 * DWT

130 22

120
20 Small
110 Small
18
100
Breadth (m)
Length pp (m)

90 16

y = 6.809x0.3048
80 y = 1.406x0.285
R2 = 0.72 14
R2 = 0.73
70
12
60 IHS-Fairplay data
IHS-Fairplay data
DTU-SDU model
50 10 DTU-SDU model
Power (IHS-Fairplay data)
Power (IHS-Fairplay data)
40 8
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000 0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000
Deadweight (tons) Deadweight (tons)

Fig. A1 Length between pp as function of DWT Fig. A2 Breadth as function of DWT

11 9

8 Small
9 Small
7
Draught (m)
Depth (m)

6
7
5 y = 0.33x0.343
y = 0.000681x + 4.40 R2 = 0.72
R2 = 0.78
4
5
IHS-Fairplay data
IHS-Fairplay data
3 DTU-SDU model
DTU-SDU model
Power (IHS-Fairplay data)
Linear (IHS-Fairplay data)
3 2
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000 0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000
Deadweight (tons) Deadweight (tons)

Fig. A3 Depth as function of DWT Fig. A4 Maximum draught as function of DWT

4
 0.85 5.5

5.2
0.80
Block coefficient pp

Lpp/Displ.vol 1/3
4.9

0.75

Small 4.6

0.70 IHS-Fairplay data

DTU-SDU model 4.3 IHS-Fairplay data
Linear (IHS-Fairplay data) DTU-SDU model
Small
Linear (IHS-Fairplay data)
0.65 4.0
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000 0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000
Deadweight (tons) Deadweight (tons)

Fig. A5 Block coefficient as function of DWT Fig. A6 Length displacement ratio as function of
DWT

0.22
IHS-Fairplay data
DTU-SDU model
0.20 Linear (IHS-Fairplay data)
Lightweight/Lpp/B/D (t/m3)

y = -0.00000724x + 0.2096
R2 = 0.27
0.18

0.16

0.14 Small

0.12
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000
Deadweight (tons)

Fig. A7 Lightweight coefficient as function of DWT

5
Appendix B - Handysize tankers (10000 - 25000 DWT)

Length pp = 3.9537 * DWT0.3684

Breadth = 8.99 + 0.000874 * DWT

Depth = 7.56 + 0.0002405 * DWT

Draught = 7 + 0.0000523 * DWT

Lightweight/Lpp/B/D = 0.1584 - 0.00000145 * DWT

160 29

Handysize
27 Handysize
150

y = 0.000874 x + 8.99
25
R2 = 0.67
Breadth (m)
Length pp (m)

140

23
y = 3.9537x0.3684
130 R2 = 0.474
21

IHS-Fairplay data IHS-Fairplay data

120
DTU-SDU model 19 DTU-SDU model
Power (IHS-Fairplay data) Linear (IHS-Fairplay data)

110 17
10000 12000 14000 16000 18000 20000 22000 10000 12000 14000 16000 18000 20000 22000
Deadweight (tons) Deadweight (tons)

Fig. B1 Length between pp as function of DWT Fig. B2 Breadth as function of DWT

15 10
IHS-Fairplay data
IHS-Fairplay data DTU-SDU model
14 DTU-SDU model Handysize Linear (IHS-Fairplay data)
Linear (IHS-Fairplay data) 9

13
Draught (m)
Depth (m)

12 8

y = 0.0000523x + 7
11 R2 = 0.042

7
y = 0.0002405x + 7.56
10
R2 = 0.59 Handysize

9 6
10000 12000 14000 16000 18000 20000 22000 10000 12000 14000 16000 18000 20000 22000
Deadweight (tons) Deadweight (tons)

Fig. B3 Depth as function of DWT Fig. B4 Maximum draught as function of DWT

6
 0.86 0.18
IHS-Fairplay data

0.84 Handysize Handysize DTU-SDU model

Linear (IHS-Fairplay data)
0.16

Lightweight/Lpp/B/D (t/m3)
0.82
Block coefficient pp

0.80
0.14
0.78

y = -0.00000145x + 0.1584
0.76 R2 = 0.086
0.12
IHS-Fairplay data
0.74 DTU-SDU model
Linear (IHS-Fairplay data)
0.72 0.10
10000 12000 14000 16000 18000 20000 22000 10000 12000 14000 16000 18000 20000 22000
Deadweight (tons) Deadweight (tons)

Fig. B5 Block coefficient as function of DWT Fig. B6 Length displacement ratio as function of
DWT

0.18
IHS-Fairplay data
Handysize DTU-SDU model
Linear (IHS-Fairplay data)
0.16
Lightweight/Lpp/B/D (t/m3)

0.14

y = -0.00000145x + 0.1584
0.12 R2 = 0.086

0.10
10000 12000 14000 16000 18000 20000 22000
Deadweight (tons)

Fig. B7 Lightweight coefficient as function of DWT

7
Appendix C Handymax tankers (25000 - 55000 DWT)
Length pp = 41.647 * DWT0.133

Breadth = MIN [15.04 + 0.000369 * DWT; 32.2]

Depth = 9.69 + 0.000188 * DWT

Draught = 7.41 + 0.000106 * DWT

Lightweight/Lpp/B/D = 1.05 * (0.1765 - 0.00000175 * DWT)

195 33

Handymax y = 0.000369x + 15.04

R2 = 0.67
185 31

y = 41.647x0.133
Handymax
Breadth (m)
Length pp (m)

R2 = 0.35

175 29

IHS-Fairplay data
165 27 DTU-SDU model
IHS-Fairplay data
IHS-Fairplay data (B = 32.2 m)
DTU-SDU mode
Linear (IHS-Fairplay data)
Power (IHS-Fairplay data)
155 25
25000 30000 35000 40000 45000 50000 55000 25000 30000 35000 40000 45000 50000 55000
Deadweight (tons) Deadweight (tons)

Fig. C1 Length between pp as function of DWT Fig. C2 Breadth as function of DWT

22 14
IHS-Fairplay data
DTU-SDU model
Handymax
20 Linear (IHS-Fairplay data) 13
y = 0.000106x + 7.41
R2 = 0.62
Draught (m)

18 12
Depth (m)

16 11

y = 0.000188 x + 9.69 IHS-Fairplay data

14 10
R2 = 0.61
DTU-SDU model
Handymax Linear (IHS-Fairplay data)
12 9
25000 30000 35000 40000 45000 50000 55000 25000 30000 35000 40000 45000 50000 55000
Deadweight (tons) Deadweight (tons)

Fig. C3 Depth as function of DWT Fig. C4 Maximum draught as function of DWT

8
 0.85 5.2

Handymax Handymax
5.0
0.83
Block coefficient pp

Lpp/Displ.vol 1/3
4.8

0.81

4.6

0.79
IHS-Fairplay data 4.4 IHS-Fairplay data
DTU-SDU model DTU-SDU model

Linear (IHS-Fairplay data) Linear (IHS-Fairplay data)

0.77 4.2
25000 30000 35000 40000 45000 50000 55000 25000 30000 35000 40000 45000 50000 55000
Deadweight (tons) Deadweight (tons)

Fig. C5 Block coefficient as function of DWT Fig. C6 Length displacement ratio as function of
DWT

0.14
IHS-Fairplay data
DTU-SDU model
0.13
Linear (IHS-Fairplay data)
Lightweight/Lpp/B/D (t/m3)

0.12

0.11

0.10 Handymax

y = -0.00000175x + 0.1765
0.09
R2 = 0.41

0.08
25000 30000 35000 40000 45000 50000 55000
Deadweight (tons)

Fig. C7 Lightweight coefficient as function of DWT

9
Appendix D - Panamax tankers (55000 - 75000 DWT)
Length pp = 193.26 + 0.000353 * DWT

Breadth = 32.06 + 0.0000023 * DWT

Depth = 6.14 + 0.000196 * DWT

Draught = 2.76 + 0.000156 * DWT

Lightweight/Lpp/B/D = 1.05 * (0.0924 + 0.000000084 * DWT)

230 32.3

IHS-Fairplay data
DTU-SDU model
225 Panamax
Linear (IHS-Fairplay data) 32.2

y = 0.0000023x + 32.06
Length pp (m)

220 R2 = 0.048
Breadth (m)

32.1 Panamax
215
IHS-Fairplay data
32.0 DTU-SDU model
y = 0.000353 x + 193.26
210 Linear (IHS-Fairplay data)
R2 = 0.20

205 31.9
60000 63000 66000 69000 72000 75000 78000 60000 63000 66000 69000 72000 75000 78000
Deadweight (tons) Deadweight (tons)

Fig. D1 Length between pp as function of DWT Fig. D2 Breadth as function of DWT

22 15.0

IHS-Fairplay data IHS-Fairplay data

14.5 DTU-SDU model
21 DTU-SDU model
Linear (IHS-Fairplay data)
Linear (IHS-Fairplay data)
14.0
Draught (m)
Depth (m)

20 Panamax
13.5
ds
19 Panamax
y = 0.000156 x + 2.76
13.0
R2 = 0.75
y = 0.000196 x + 6.14
18
R2 = 0.80 12.5

17 12.0
60000 63000 66000 69000 72000 75000 78000 60000 63000 66000 69000 72000 75000 78000
Deadweight (tons) Deadweight (tons)

Fig. D3 Depth as function of DWT Fig. D4 Maximum draught as function of DWT

10
 0.88 5.3
IHS-Fairplay data
DTU-SDU model
Panamax
Linear (IHS-Fairplay data)
0.86 5.2
Block coefficient pp

Lpp/Displ.vol 1/3
0.84 5.1

0.82 5.0
IHS-Fairplay daa
DTU-SDU model Panamax
Linear (IHS-Fairplay daa)
0.80 4.9
60000 63000 66000 69000 72000 75000 78000 60000 63000 66000 69000 72000 75000 78000
Deadweight (tons) Deadweight (tons)

Fig. D5 Block coefficient as function of DWT Fig. D6 Length displacement ratio as function of
DWT

0.12

0.11 Panamax
Lightweight/Lpp/B/D (t/m3)

0.10

0.09

IHS-Fairplay data y = 0.000000084 x + 0.0924

0.08 DTU-SDU model R2 = 0.0019
Linear (IHS-Fairplay data)

0.07
60000 63000 66000 69000 72000 75000 78000
Deadweight (tons)

Fig. D7 Lightweight coefficient as function of DWT

11
Appendix E - Aframax tankers (75000 - 120000 DWT)

Length pp = 187.92 +0.000431* DWT

Breadth = 1.5658 * DWT0.285

Depth = 13.97 + 0.000067 * DWT

Draught = 0.0848 * DWT0.4454

Lightweight/Lpp/B/D = 1.05 * (0.0859 - 0.0000000235 * DWT)

250 47
y = 0.000431 x + 187.92 IHS-Fairplay data
R2 = 0.36
45 DTU-SDU model
240
Power (IHS-Fairplay data)
Aframax 43
Length pp (m)

Breadth (m)

230 Aframax
41

220
39

IHS-Fairplay data
210 y = 1.5658x0.285
37
DTU-SDU model R2 = 0.51
Linear (IHS-Fairplay data)
200 35
60000 70000 80000 90000 100000 110000 120000 60000 70000 80000 90000 100000 110000 120000
Deadweight (tons) Deadweight (tons)

Fig. E1 Length between pp as function of DWT Fig. E2 Breadth as function of DWT

24 16
IHS-Fairplay data
DTU-SDU model Aframax
Linear (IHS-Fairplay data) 15
22 y = 0.0848x0.4454
R2 = 0.5853
Aframax
Draught (m)

14
Depth (m)

20

13

18 IHS-Fairplaydata
12 DTU-SDU model
y = 0.000067x + 13.97 Power (IHS-Fairplaydata)
R2 = 0.41

16 11
60000 70000 80000 90000 100000 110000 120000 60000 70000 80000 90000 100000 110000 120000
Deadweight (tons) Deadweight (tons)

Fig. E3 Depth as function of DWT Fig. E4 Maximum draught as function of DWT

12
 0.90 5.4
IHS-Fairplay data
DTU-SDU model IHS-Fairplay data

0.87 Linear (IHS-Fairplay data) 5.2 Aframax DTU-SDU model

Linear (IHS-Fairplay data)
Block coefficient pp

Lpp/Displ.vol 1/3
0.84 5.0

0.81 4.8

0.78 4.6

Aframax
0.75 4.4
60000 70000 80000 90000 100000 110000 120000 60000 70000 80000 90000 100000 110000 120000
Deadweight (tons) Deadweight (tons)

Fig. E5 Block coefficient as function of DWT Fig. E6 Length displacement ratio as function of
DWT

0.12

y = -0.00000002349x + 0.0859
0.11 Aframax
R2 = 0.00097
Lightweight/Lpp/B/D (t/m3)

0.10

0.09

0.08

0.07 IHS-Fairplay data

DTU-SDU model
Linear (IHS-Fairplay data)
0.06
60000 70000 80000 90000 100000 110000 120000
Deadweight (tons)

Fig. E7 Lightweight coefficient as function of DWT

13
Appendix F - Suezmax tankers (120000 - 170000 DWT)

Length pp = 222.41+ 0.000263 * DWT

Breadth = 23.95 + 0.000153 * DWT

Depth = 22.61 + 0.000004647 * DWT

Draught = 0.2476* DWT0.353

Lightweight/Lpp/B/D = 1.05 * (0.1296 - 0.000000308 * DWT)

280 52
IHS-Fairplay data
DTU-SDU model IHS-Fairplay data
DTU-SDU model
Linear (IHS-Fairplay data) 50
Linear (IHS-Fairplay data)
270
Length pp (m)

Suezmax Suezmax
Breadth (m)

48

260

46

y = 0.000263x + 222.41
250
R2 = 0.43 44
y = 0.000153x + 23.95
R2 = 0.47
240 42
120000 130000 140000 150000 160000 170000 120000 130000 140000 150000 160000 170000
Deadweight (tons) Deadweight (tons)

Fig. F1 Length between pp as function of DWT Fig. F2 Breadth as function of DWT

26 18
IHS-Fairplay data
Suezmax
DTU-SDU model
25
Power (IHS-Fairplay data)
y = 0.000004647 x + 22.61
R2 = 0.0034 17
Draught (m)

24
Depth (m)

Suezmax
23
16

22 IHS-Fairplay data
DTU-SDU model y = 0.2476x0.353
Linear (IHS-Fairplay data) R2 = 0.39
21 15
120000 130000 140000 150000 160000 170000 120000 130000 140000 150000 160000 170000
Deadweight (tons) Deadweight (tons)

Fig. F3 Depth as function of DWT Fig. F4 Maximum draught as function of DWT

14
 0.88 4.90

IHS-Fairplay data
Suezmax
DTU-SDU model
0.86
Linear (IHS-Fairplay data) 4.80

Lpp/Displ.vol 1/3
Block coefficient pp

0.84

4.70

0.82
IHS-Fairplay data
DTU-SDU model
4.60 Linear (IHS-Fairplay data)
0.80 Suezmax

0.78 4.50
120000 130000 140000 150000 160000 170000 120000 130000 140000 150000 160000 170000
Deadweight (tons) Deadweight (tons)

Fig. F5 Block coefficient as function of DWT Fig. F6 Length displacement ratio as function of
DWT

0.12

IHS-Fairplay data
0.11 Suezmax DTU-SDU model
Linear (IHS-Fairplay data)
Lightweight/Lpp/B/D (t/m3)

0.10

0.09

0.08

y = -0.000000308x + 0.1296
0.07 R2 = 0.15

0.06
120000 130000 140000 150000 160000 170000
Deadweight (tons)

Fig. F7 Lightweight coefficient as function of DWT

15
Appendix G - VLCC (170000 - 250000 DWT)
Length pp = 267.12 + (DWT - 170000) * 0.0005975

Breadth = 49.96 + (DWT - 170000) * 0.00009219

Depth = 23.4 + (DWT - 170000) * 0.0000825

Draught = 17.38 + (DWT - 170000) * 0.00002147

Lightweight/Lpp/B/D = 1.05 * (0.0772 - (DWT - 170000) * 0.0000001574)

The above mentioned equations have been created based on a linear interpolation between
tankers having a deadweight of 170000 t and 250000 t respectively

VLCC (250000 - 330000 DWT)

Length pp = 293.67 + 0.000085 * DWT

Breadth = 49.01 + 0.0000333 * DWT

Depth = 30 m

Draught = 6.85 + 0.000049 * DWT

Lightweight/Lpp/B/D = 1.05 * (0.01912+0.00000018212 * DWT)

330 61

VLCC IHS-Fairplay database

60 DTU-SDU model
325
Linear (IHS-Fairplay database)

59
y = 0.0000333x + 49.01
Length pp (m)

320
Breadth (m)

R2 = 0.072
58

315
57

IHS-Fairplay data VLCC

310
DTU model 56
y = 0.000085 x + 293.67
Linear (IHS-Fairplay data)
R2 = 0.096
305 55
255000 270000 285000 300000 315000 330000 250000 270000 290000 310000 330000
Deadweight (tons) Deadweight (tons)

Fig. G1 Length between pp as function of DWT Fig. G2 Breadth as function of DWT

16
 32 24

VLCC IHS-Fairplay database

31 23 DTU-SDU model
Linear (IHS-Fairplay database)

30 22

Draught (m)
Depth (m)

29 21

28 20

IHS-Fairplay database
y = 0.000049x + 6.85
27 DTU-SDU model 19 VLCC
R2 = 0.45
Linear (IHS-Fairplay database)
26 18
255000 270000 285000 300000 315000 330000 255000 270000 285000 300000 315000 330000
Deadweight (tons) Deadweight (tons)

Fig. G3 Depth as function of DWT Fig. G4 Maximum draught as function of DWT

0.90 4.85
IHS-Fairplay data IHS-Fairplay data

DTU-SDU model DTU-SDU model

Linear (IHS-Fairplay data) Linear (IHS-Fairplay data)

4.75
Block coefficient pp

0.85
Lpp/Displ.vol 1/3

4.65

0.80

4.55

VLCC VLCC

0.75 4.45
255000 270000 285000 300000 315000 330000 255000 270000 285000 300000 315000 330000
Deadweight (tons) Deadweight (tons)

Fig. G5 Block coefficient as function of DWT Fig. G6 Length displacement ratio as function of
DWT

0.10

0.08
Lightweight/Lpp/B/D (t/m3)

0.06

IHS-Fairplay data
0.04 DTU-SDU model
Linear (IHS-Fairplay data)

0.02 VLCC y = 0.000000182x + 0.01912

R2 = 0.16

0.00
255000 270000 285000 300000 315000 330000
Deadweight (tons)

Fig. G7 Lightweight coefficient as function of DWT

17
Appendix H All bulk carriers summary of regression
analysis

Bulk carriers have been categorized in following 6 groups:

1. Small bulk carriers (< 10000 DWT)

2. Handysize bulk carrriers (10000 - 25000 DWT)
3. Handymax bulk carriers (25000 - 55000 DWT)
4. Panamax bulk carriers (55000 - 85000 DWT)
5. Capesize bulk carriers (85000 - 200000 DWT)
6. VLBC (200000 - 330000 DWT)

The equations found by regression analysis are shown for each individual ship sub type. The
equations are basis for the generic ship design model for determination of main dimension and
propulsion characteristics for all types of bulk carriers in the following called DTU and SDU
model.

330 62

53
260
44
Length pp (m)

Breadth (m)

190 35

All bulk carriers All bulk carriers

26
Yellow dots indicate Yellow dots indicate
120
DTU-SDU DTU - SDU
17
model default values model default values
50 8
0 50000 100000 150000 200000 250000 300000 350000 0 50000 100000 150000 200000 250000 300000 350000

Deadweight (tons) Deadweight (tons)

Fig. H1 Length between pp as function of DWT Fig. H2 Breadth as function of DWT

18
 32 24

28
20
24
16

Draught (m)
20
Depth (m)

16 12

12 All bulk carriers All bulk carriers

8
Yellow dots indicate Yellow dots indicate
8
DTU-SDU DTU-SDU
4
4 model default values model default values

0 0
0 50000 100000 150000 200000 250000 300000 350000 0 50000 100000 150000 200000 250000 300000 350000

Deadweight (tons) Deadweight (tons)

Fig. H3 Depth as function of DWT Fig. H4 Maximum draught as function of DWT

45000 0.24
All bulk carriers
All bulk carriers
Yellow dots indicate 0.20
36000 Yellow dots indicate
DTU-SDU
Lightweight(L/B/D (t/m3)

DTU-SDU
model default values 0.16
Lightweight (t)

model default values

27000
0.12

18000
0.08

9000 0.04

0 0.00
0 50000 100000 150000 200000 250000 300000 350000 0 50000 100000 150000 200000 250000 300000 350000

Deadweight (tons) Deadweight (tons)

Fig. H5 Lightweight as function of DWT Fig. H6 Lightweight coefficient as function of

DWT

0.90 5.5

0.85 5.2
Block coefficient

Lpp/displ.vol1/3

0.80 4.9

0.75 4.6
All bulk carriers All bulk carriers
Yellow dots indicate Yellow dots indicate
0.70 4.3
DTU-SDU DTU-SDU
model default values model default values
0.65
4.0
0 50000 100000 150000 200000 250000 300000 350000
0 50000 100000 150000 200000 250000 300000 350000
Deadweight (tons)
Deadweight (tons)

Fig. H7 Block coefficient as function of DWT Fig. H8 Length displacement ratio as function of
DWT

19
Appendix I - Small bulk carriers (< 10000 DWT)

Length pp = 5.582 * DWT0.329

Breadth = 11+ 0.001 * DWT - 0.00000001675 * DWT2

Depth = 5.22 + 0.000485 * DWT

Draught = 0.529 * DWT0.285

Lightweight/Lpp/B/D = 0.831 * DWT-0.2

130 22

20 Small
110 Small
18
Length pp (m)

Breadth (m)

90
16

y = 5.582x0.329
70 14 IHS-Fairplay data
R2 = 0.95
DTU-SDU model
12 Poly. (IHS-Fairplay data)
IHS-Fairplay data
50
DTU-SDU model
10 y = -0.00000001675x2 + 0.001x + 11.00
Potens (IHS-Fairplay data)
R2 = 0.80
30 8
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Deadweight (tons) Deadweight (tons)

Fig. I1 Length between pp as function of DWT Fig. I2 Breadth as function of DWT

12 8

7 Small
10 Small

6
Draught (m)

8
Depth (m)

5 y = 0.529x0.285
y = 0.000485x + 5.22 R2 = 0.86
6
R2 = 0.69
4
IHS-Fairplay data IHS-Fairplay data
4 DTU-SDU model 3 DTU-SDU model
Liner (IHS-Fairplay data) Potens (IHS-Fairplay data)

2 2
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Deadweight (tons) Deadweight (tons)

Fig. I3 Depth as function of DWT Fig. I4 Maximum draught as function of DWT

20
 0.85 5.5

5.2
0.80
Block coefficient pp

Lpp/Displ.vol 1/3
4.9

0.75

4.6

0.70
IHS-Fairplay data 4.3 IHS-Fairplay data
Small DTU-SDU model DTU-SDU model
Small
Liner (IHS-Fairplay data) Liner (IHS-Fairplay data)
0.65 4.0
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Deadweight (tons) Deadweight (tons)

Fig. I5 Block coefficient as function of DWT Fig. I6 Length displacement ratio as function of
DWT

0.24
IHS-Fairplay data
0.22 DTU-SDU model
Potens (IHS-Fairplay data)
Lightweight/Lpp/B/D (t/m3)

0.20
Small
0.18

0.16

0.14

y = 0.831x-0.2
0.12
R2 = 0.49

0.10
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Deadweight (tons)

Fig. I7 Lightweight coefficient as function of DWT

21
Appendix J Handysize bulk carriers (10000 - 25000 DWT)

Length pp = 5.463 * DWT0.3285

Breadth = 14.86 + 0.00045 * DWT

Depth = 7.84 + 0.000232 * DWT

Draught = 6.2 + 0.000141 * DWT

Lightweight/Lpp/B/D = 1.05 * (0.153 - 0.00000158 * DWT)

170 27

160 Handysize
25 Handysize

150
Length pp (m)

Breadth (m)

23

140
y = 0.00045x + 14.86
y = 5.463x0.3285 21
R2 = 0.79
130 R2 = 0.75

IHS-Fairplay data IHS-Fairplay data

19
120 DTU-SDU model
DTU-SDU model
Potens (IHS-Fairplay data) Liner (IHS-Fairplay data)
110 17
10000 12000 14000 16000 18000 20000 22000 24000 26000 10000 12000 14000 16000 18000 20000 22000 24000 26000
Deadweight (tons) Deadweight (tons)

Fig. J1 Length between pp as function of DWT Fig. J2 Breadth as function of DWT

15 11
IHS-Fairplay data
DTU-SDU model IHS-Fairplay data
14
10 DTU-SDU model
Liner (IHS-Fairplay data)
Liner (IHS-Fairplay data)

13
Draught (m)

9
Depth (m)

12

8
11

y = 0.000141x + 6.20
y = 0.000232x + 7.84 7
10 Handysize R2 = 0.73
R2 = 0.79
Handysize
9 6
10000 12000 14000 16000 18000 20000 22000 24000 26000 10000 12000 14000 16000 18000 20000 22000 24000 26000
Deadweight (tons) Deadweight (tons)

Fig. J3 Depth as function of DWT Fig. J4 Maximum draught as function of DWT

22
 0.86 5.6

Handysize
0.84 Handysize
5.4

0.82
Block coefficient pp

IHS-Fairplay data

Lpp/Displ.vol 1/3
DTU-SDU model
5.2
0.80 Liner (IHS-Fairplay data)

0.78
5.0

0.76
IHS-Fairplay data 4.8
0.74 DTU-SDU model
Liner (IHS-Fairplay data)
0.72 4.6
10000 12000 14000 16000 18000 20000 22000 10000 12000 14000 16000 18000 20000 22000 24000 26000
Deadweight (tons) Deadweight (tons)

Fig. J5 Block coefficient as function of DWT Fig. J6 Length displacement ratio as function of
DWT

0.18
IHS-Fairplay data
DTU-SDU model
Liner (IHS-Fairplay data)
0.16
Lightweight/Lpp/B/D (t/m3)

y = -0.00000158x + 0.1531
R2 = 0.13
0.14

0.12

Handysize

0.10
10000 12000 14000 16000 18000 20000 22000
Deadweight (tons)

Fig. J7 Lightweight coefficient as function of DWT

23
Appendix K - Handymax bulk carriers (25000 - 55000 DWT)

Length pp = 25.66 * DWT0.1813

Breadth = MIN(18.93 + 0.000272 * DWT; 32.2)

Depth = 9.32 + 0.000158 * DWT

Draught = 6.84 + 0.000101 * DWT

Lightweight/Lpp/B/D = 1.05 * (0.151 - 0.00000127 * DWT)

195 33

Handymax
31
185
Length pp (m)

Breadth (m)

29

175 Handymax
y = 25.66x0.1813 27
R2 = 0.70

165 IHS-Fairplay data

IHS-Fairplay data 25
DTU-SDU model
DTU-SDU model
Potens (IHS-Fairplay data)
155 23
25000 30000 35000 40000 45000 50000 55000 25000 30000 35000 40000 45000 50000 55000
Deadweight (tons) Deadweight (tons)

Fig. K1 Length between pp as function of DWT Fig. K2 Breadth as function of DWT

22 13
IHS-Fairplay data IHS-Fairplay data
DTU-SDU model
DTU-SDU model
20 Liner (IHS-Fairplay data)
Liner (IHS-Fairplay data)
12

Handymax
Draught (m)

18
Depth (m)

Handymax 11

16

y = 0.000158x + 9.32 10
14
R2 = 0.64 y = 0.000101x + 6.84
R2 = 0.92

12 9
25000 30000 35000 40000 45000 50000 55000 25000 30000 35000 40000 45000 50000 55000
Deadweight (tons) Deadweight (tons)

Fig. K3 Depth as function of DWT Fig. K4 Maximum draught as function of DWT

24
 0.85 5.5

Handymax Handymax
5.3
0.83
Block coefficient pp

Lpp/Displ.vol 1/3
5.1

0.81

4.9

0.79
IHS-Fairplay data 4.7 IHS-Fairplay data
DTU-SDU-final DTU-SDU model
Liner (IHS-Fairplay data) Liner (IHS-Fairplay data)
0.77 4.5
25000 30000 35000 40000 45000 50000 55000 25000 30000 35000 40000 45000 50000 55000
Deadweight (tons) Deadweight (tons)

Fig. K5 Block coefficient as function of DWT Fig. K6 Length displacement ratio as function of
DWT

0.16
IHS-Fairplay data
DTU-SDU model
0.14 Liner (IHS-Fairplay data)
Lightweight/Lpp/B/D (t/m3)

0.12

0.10

Handymax
0.08
y = -0.00000127x + 0.151
R2 = 0.47
0.06
25000 30000 35000 40000 45000 50000 55000
Deadweight (tons)

Fig. K7 Lightweight coefficient as function of DWT

25
Appendix L - Panamax bulk carriers (55000 - 85000 DWT)

Length pp = 107.00 + 0.0014 * DWT for DWT < 60000

= 31.00 + 0.00267 * DWT for 60000 <= DWT <= 69000

= 180.50 + 0.0005 * DWT for DWT > 85000

Breadth = 32.23

Depth = 13.47 + 0.0000777 * DWT

Draught = 8.43 + 0.0000735 * DWT

Lightweight/Lpp/B/D = 1.05 * 0.079

230 32.3

220 Panamax
32.2
Length pp (m)

210
Breadth (m)

IHS-Fairplay data
32.1 Panamax
DTU-SDU model
200

IHS-Fairplay data 32.0

190
DTU-SDU model

180 31.9
55000 60000 65000 70000 75000 80000 85000 55000 60000 65000 70000 75000 80000
Deadweight (tons) Deadweight (tons)

Fig. L1 Length between pp as function of DWT Fig. L2 Breadth as function of DWT

20.5 15.0
IHS-Fairplay data
IHS-Fairplay data
20.0 DTU-SDU model 14.5 DTU-SDU model

Liner (IHS-Fairplay data) Liner (IHS-Fairplay data)

19.5 14.0
y = 0.0000777x + 13.47
Draught (m)
Depth (m)

2
R = 0.88
19.0 13.5

18.5 13.0 y = 0.0000735x + 8.43

R2 = 0.80

18.0 Panamax 12.5 Panamax

17.5 12.0
55000 60000 65000 70000 75000 80000 85000 55000 60000 65000 70000 75000 80000 85000
Deadweight (tons) Deadweight (tons)

Fig. L3 Depth as function of DWT Fig. L4 Maximum draught as function of DWT

26
 0.90 5.2

0.88 Panamax
5.1 Panamax
Block coefficient pp

5.0

1/3
Lpp/Displ.vol
0.86

4.9

0.84
4.8

0.82 IHS-Fairplay data IHS-Fairplay data

4.7
DTU-SDU model DTU-SDU model

0.80 4.6
55000 60000 65000 70000 75000 80000 85000 55000 60000 65000 70000 75000 80000 85000

Deadweight (tons) Deadweight (tons)

Fig. L5 Block coefficient as function of DWT Fig. L6 Length displacement ratio as function of
DWT

0.11

IHS-Fairplay data
0.10 DTU-SDU model
Lightweight/Lpp/B/D (t/m )
3

0.09

0.08

0.07 Panamax

0.06
60000 64000 68000 72000 76000 80000 84000

Deadweight (tons)

Fig. L7 Lightweight coefficient as function of DWT

27
Appendix M - Capesize bulk carriers (85000 - 200000 DWT)

Length pp = 5.705 * DWT0.322

Breadth = 27.80 + 0.00012 * DWT for DWT < 110000

= 32.75 + 0.000075 * DWT for DWT => 110000

Depth = 1.126 * DWT0.2545

Draught = 0.179 * DWT0.3814

Lightweight/Lpp/B/D = 0.0817 0.0000000486 * DWT

310 50

IHS-Fairplay data
290 DTU - SDU model
Potens (IHS-Fairplay data)
47 Capesize
270
Length pp (m)

Breadth (m)

44

250 Capesize
41
230
IHS-Fairplay data
0.3221
y = 5.7045x 38
210 2 DTU-SDU model
R = 0.975

190 35
60000 85000 110000 135000 160000 185000 210000 60000 85000 110000 135000 160000 185000 210000
Deadweight (tons) Deadweight (tons)

Fig. M1 Length between pp as function of DWT Fig. M2 Breadth as function of DWT

26 19
0.2545
y = 1.126x
25 18 Capesize
R2 = 0.772
24 17

23 16
Draught (m)
Depth (m)

22 15
y = 0.179x0.3814
Capesize R2 = 0.924
21 14

IHS-Fairplay data IHS-Fairplay data

20 13
DTU-SDU model DTU-SDU model
19 Potens (IHS-Fairplay data) 12 Potens (IHS-Fairplay data)

18 11
60000 85000 110000 135000 160000 185000 210000 60000 85000 110000 135000 160000 185000 210000
Deadweight (tons) Deadweight (tons)

Fig. M3 Depth as function of DWT Fig. M4 Maximum draught as function of DWT

28
 0.88 5.00

0.86
4.90
Block coefficient pp

Lpp/Displ.vol1/3
0.84
4.80

0.82

4.70 IHS-Fairplay data

IHS-Fairplay data
0.80 Capesize DTU-SDU model DTU-SDU model
Suezmax
4.60
0.78
60000 85000 110000 135000 160000 185000 210000
60000 85000 110000 135000 160000 185000 210000
Deadweight (tons) Deadweight (tons)

Fig. M5 Block coefficient as function of DWT Fig. M6 Length displacement ratio as function of
DWT

0.09

0.08
Lightweight/Lpp/B/D (t/m3)

0.07

y = -4.86E-08x + 0.0817
0.06 Capesize
R2 = 0.023

IHS-Fairplay data
0.05
DTU-SDU model
Liner (IHS-Fairplay data)

0.04
60000 85000 110000 135000 160000 185000 210000

Deadweight (tons)

Fig. M7 Lightweight coefficient as function of DWT

29
Appendix N - VLBC (200000 - 330000 DWT)

Length pp = 230.00 + 0.00032 * DWT for DWT < 250000

= 250.625 + 0.0002375 * DWT for DWT => 250000

Breadth = MIN(57.5, 20 + 0.00015 * DWT)

Depth = MIN(6.86 + 0.0000857 * DWT, 30)

Draught = 14.95 + 0.000015 * DWT for DWT < 230000

= 7.82 + 0.000046 * DWT for DWT => 230000

Lightweight/Lpp/B/D = 1.05 * (0.076 0.0000000261 * DWT)

330 61

325 VLBC
59 VLBC
320

315 57
Length pp (m)

Breadth (m)

310
55
305

300 53

295 IHS-Fairplay data IHS-Fairplay database

51
290 DTU-SDU model DTU-SDU model

285 49
190000 210000 230000 250000 270000 290000 310000 330000 190000 210000 230000 250000 270000 290000 310000 330000
Deadweight (tons) Deadweight (tons)

Fig. N1 Length between pp as function of DWT Fig. N2 Breadth as function of DWT

32 24

31 VLBC 23
30 IHS-Fairplay database
22
29 DTU-SDU model
Draught (m)
Depth (m)

28 21

27 20

26
19 VLBC
25 IHS-Fairplay database

18
24 DTU-SDU model

23 17
190000 210000 230000 250000 270000 290000 310000 330000 190000 210000 230000 250000 270000 290000 310000 330000
Deadweight (tons) Deadweight (tons)

Fig. N3 Depth as function of DWT Fig. N4 Maximum draught as function of DWT

30
 0.85 5.00

0.83 4.90
Block coefficient pp

Lpp/Displ.vol1/3
0.81 4.80 VLBC

0.79 4.70

IHS-Fairplay data
0.77 IHS-Fairplay data VLBC 4.60
DTU-SDU model
DTU-SDU model

0.75 4.50
190000 210000 230000 250000 270000 290000 310000 330000 190000 210000 230000 250000 270000 290000 310000 330000
Deadweight (tons) Deadweight (tons)

Fig. N5 Block coefficient as function of DWT Fig. N6 Length displacement ratio as function of
DWT

0.10

0.08
Lightweight/Lpp/B/D (t/m )
3

0.06

0.04

IHS-Fairplay data
0.02 VLBC
DTU-SDU model

0.00
190000 210000 230000 250000 270000 290000 310000 330000

Deadweight (tons)

Fig. N7 Lightweight coefficient as function of DWT

31
Appendix O Water plane area coefficient and draught change

The waterplane area coefficient, Cw, for tankers and bulk carriers is shown in Fig. O1.

Cw depends on the block coefficient, Cb, as follows:

Cw = 0.24 + 0.81 Cb

where Cw and Cb are calculated on basis of the length between pp.

0.96 0.95

Tankers and bulk carriers

Waterpl. area coeff. based on Lpp

Waterplane area coefficient (-)

0.92
0.90

0.88

0.85

0.84 Tankers
Bulk carriers Cb = 0.799 Cb = 0.844
Series2 Cb = 0.808 Cb = 0.811
Cw = 0.81 Cb + 0.24
Linear (Series2)
0.80 0.80
0.72 0.76 0.80 0.84 0.88 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

Block coeff. based on Lpp Relative displacement (% )

Fig. O1 Waterplane area coefficient as function Fig. O2 Waterplane area coefficient as

of the block coefficient for tankers and bulk function the relative displacement
carriers

In Fig. O2 is shown the waterplane area coefficient as function of the relative displacement. Based
on the results in Fig. O2, the waterplane area coefficient at a displacement 2 can be
approximated as follows:

2 2
(2) = (1) 0.08 1 = [0.24 + 0.81 (1)] 0.08 (1 )
1 1

Scantling draught and design draught

All data presented in this report are presented as function of the maximum deadweight.

Normally two draughts are specified for tankers and bulk carriers, namely the design draught and
the scantling draught. The design draught is the draught at which the ship is expected to operate
normally, while the scantling draught is the maximum permissible draught according to the class
rules. Comparison of scantling draught data (Significant Ships, 1990 2010) with summer load line
draught data (denoted maximum draught in this report) shows that the summer load line draught is
nearly identical with the scantling draught (Fig. O3 and O4).

The design deadweight and the scantling deadweight are shown in Fig. O5 as the ratio between
design deadweight and scantling deadweight for 229 ships (181 tankers and 58 bulk carriers). The

32
ratio depends on the ship size, but the scatter is relatively large so a design to scantling
deadweight ratio of 90 % is assumed.

24 24

20 Tankers 20 Bulk carriers

16 16
Draught (m)

Draught (m)
12 12

8 Maximum draught (IHS Fairplay) 8 Maximum draught (IHS Fairplay)

Scantling draught (Significant Ships) Scantling draught (Significant Ships)
4 Design draught (Significant Ships) 4 Design draught (Significant Ships)

0 0
0 90000 180000 270000 360000 450000 0 50000 100000 150000 200000 250000 300000 350000
Max. deadweight (t) Max. deadweight (t)

Fig. O3 Draught for tankers according to Fig. O4 Draught for bulk carriers according to
Significant Ships (1990 2010) Significant Ships (1990 2010)

100
Design dw/Max. Dw (%)

92

84
Tankers
Bulk carriers
76 Approximated mean line
Power (Bulk carriers)
Power (Tankers)
68
0 90000 180000 270000 360000 450000
Maximum deadweight (t)

Fig. O5 Design deadweight as percentage of the scantling deadweight

The design draught can be calculated according to this approximate formula:

=

[ 0.04 (1 )]

33
Appendix P Service speed for tankers and bulk carriers
The speed for tankers according IHS Fairplay and Significant Ships are presented in Fig. P1.

Fig. P1 Speed for tankers

Based on a regression analysis of the IHS Fairplay data, following speed assumptions have been
made for calculation of a default service speed:

If deadweight (DWT) < = 150000 t: Speed = 9.5DW 0.043, but not more than 15 knots
If deadweight > 150000 t: Speed = 15 + (DWT - 150000)0.000003

The speed for bulk carriers according IHS Fairplay and Significant Ships are presented in Fig. P2.
Based on a regression analysis of the IHS Fairplay data, following speed assumption has been
made for calculation of a default service speed:

Speed = 0.613*LN(DWT)+7.74), but not more than 15 knots

34
 18

16

14
Speed (knots)

12 Bulk carriers (1990 - 2010)

IHS Fairplay data (1990 - 2010)
10 y = 0.613Ln(x) + 7.74 RINA Significant Ships data (1990 - 2010)

DTU model (normal service speed)

8
0 50000 100000 150000 200000 250000 300000 350000
Deadweight (t)

Fig. P2 Speed for bulk carriers

35