Vocabulary PDF

Ultimate Vocabulary Guide

- SSC | PSC | Railways | IBPS Exam

CONTENT

SL.NO. CHAPTER NAME PAGE NO.

1. Synonyms &Antonyms 02 6 5

2. SpellingofWords 66 7 0

3. Commonly Misspelled Words 71 8 9

4. BasicWordParts 90 136

5. SomeImportantPhrasalVerbs 137 154

6. Some Troublesome Words 155 163

7. Verbs,Adjectives & Nouns Followed by Prepositions 167 175

8. SomeImportantVerbs &TheirForms 176 181

9. Oneword Substitution-1 182 190

10. OneWord Substitution-2 191 196

11. Idioms & Phrases 197 211

12. TheSameWordUsedAsDifferentParts of Speech 212 234

13. Proverbs & Their usage 235 250

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1.SYNONYMS&ANTONYMS
Abdicate:Togiveupapossession,claimorright
(LosPNk ls NksM+uk] NksM+ nsuk)
Syn:-abandon,abjure,abnegate
Ant:-retain,remain,claim
Sentence: The people of the state do not wish to
abdicatetheirsovereigntytotheagencieswhichserve
them.
Aberrant:abnormalordeviant(vlekU;] vuSfrd)
Syn:abnormal,atypical,bizarre,deviant
Ant:normal
Sentence:Giventheaberrantnatureofdata,wecame
todoubtthevalidityoftheentireexperiment.
Abeyance:suspendedaction ({kf.kd vkjke] #dko)
Syn:discontinuation,dormancy,inactivity,intermission,
latency,suspension,adjournment,postponement.
Ant:action,activity,continuance,continuation
Sentence: Ideological disputesamong his coalition
membersshouldhavebeenkeptfirmlyinabeyance.
Ablution:washing(viektZu ty] iz{kkyu] /ksuk)
Syn:cleansing,decontamination,purification
Ant:dirty,corrupt,pollute
Sentence:Ablution is cleansing with water as a
religiousritual.
Abnegation: Self sacrifice (vkRefu"ks/)
Syn:renunciation,denial,abstinence
Ant:Acquiescence,yielding,allowance
Sentence:Hisabnegationoftheprivilegesofhispower
isoneofhismerits.
Abolish:cancel;putanendto(mUewyu djuk] gVkuk)
Syn : abrogate, annihilate, destroy, dissolve, end,
eradicate,expunge
Ant:continue,establish,promote,ratify,support
Sentence: He is determined to abolish the right of
somedefendantstooptforatrialbyjury.
Abominate:loathe;hate
(cgqr uiQjr djuk] ukialn djuk)
Syn:abhor,despise,dislike,hate,loathe
Ant:love,adore,cherish,like
Sentence:Apoliticianwhoisreveredbyhissupporters
andabominatedbyhisenemies.
Aboriginal:beingthefirstofitskindinaregion
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(vlkekU;] vkfndkyhu)
Syn : ancient, earliest, indigenous, native, original,
primary,primitive
Ant:foreigner,alien,stranger
Sentence:Theislandsmayhavehadleftnotraceof
theexistenceoftheiraboriginalinhabitants.
Abridge:condenseorshorten(laf{kIr djuk] ?kVkuk)
Syn:abbreviate,condense,contract,curtail,diminish,
downsize,precise
Ant:add,enlarge,expand,extend,increase,lengthen
Sentence:Thepresidentcanabridgethepunishment
ofanyculprit.
Abscission:cuttingoff;separation
(foxyu] viPNsnu] vyx djuk)
Syn:cutting,extirpation,removal
Ant:merge,assemble,collaborate
Sentence:A number of methods are used to delay
petal abscission artificially, including the use of
chemicals.
Abstain:refrain;withholdfromparticipation(cpuk@ls
nwj jguk] ijgst djuk)
Syn:avoid,constrain,curb,decline,refrain,
Ant:indulge,use
Sentence:Unlesssomeoppositionmembersabstain,
thebudgetmaythusnotgetthrough.
Abysmal:bottomless(cgqr [kjkc)
Syn :bottomless,deep, endless, infinite, fickle,
changeable.
Ant:finite,shallow,slight
Sentence:Theyareriddledbyinjuryandplayingfor
pride and reputation after an abysmal start to the
season.
Acclimate:adjusttoclimateorenvironment;adapt
(vknh gksuk] i;Zuqdfw yr gksuk)
Syn:accommodate,accustom,habituate
Ant:ignore,neglect,indulge
Sentence:Theoptionalpre-stayallowsgueststorest,
acclimate, and explore independently before their
journeybegins.
Accolade:awardofmerit,recognitionof
achievement(lEeku] ijqLdkj)
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Syn:approval,award,distinction,honor
Ant:insignificance,lowliness,criticism
Sentence: There is no such accolade that he has
received.
Accomplice: partner in crime (lgvijk/h)
Syn:assistant,associate,co-conspirator,collaborator
Ant:enemy,opponent
Sentence: She steals his mobile phone and her
accomplicecomesintosmackherintheface.
Accretion: growth; increase (lgo`f] lap;u)
Syn:accumulation,augmentation,increase,increment
Ant:decrease,deduction,shrinkage
Sentence:Thegradualaccretionofknowledgeisthe
waytogo.
Acidulous:slightlysour;sharp(LoHkko esa rh[kk)
Syn:sharp,tart,caustic,hurtful.
Ant:sugary,sweet
Sentence:Itisdifficulttodisguisetheacidulousflavor
ofcranberries.
Acquittal:deliverancefromacharge
(nks"k jfgr] fjgkbZ)
Syn:amnesty,clearance,discharge,exoneration.
Ant:blame,censure,conviction
Sentence:Thedefendantwasecstaticafterheheard
ofhisacquittal.
Adage:wisesaying;proverb (dgkor)
Syn:aphorism,apothegm,axiom,maxim
Ant : absurdity, ambiguity, foolishness, nonsense,
paradox
Sentence: They are turning upside down the adage
thatcoachescoachandplayersplay.
Adamant:hard;inflexible(vafMx] vVy)
Syn : determined, fixed, immovable, inexorable,
inflexible
Ant:flexible,pliant,submissive,yielding,changeable
Sentence:Allthreeofthemareadamantaboutmaking
thepeoplearoundthemandinthiscompanybetter.
Adroit:skillful(fuiq.k)
Syn:adept,artful,deft,dexterous,expert
Ant:awkward,clumsy,inept,stupid,unskilled
Sentence:Sheisaremarkablyadroitanddetermined
politician..
Adulation:flattery;admiration(pkiywlh] [kq'kken)
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Syn:applause,blandishment, bootlicking,fawning,
flattery
Ant:abuse,criticism,disapproval
Sentence:Theactressacceptedtheadulationofthe
crowdwithdelight.
Adventitious: accidental (vkdfLed)
Syn:accidental,fortuitous
Ant:deliberate,planned,premeditated
Sentence:Thesize of the reservoirwas reduced by
adventitiousrockslidesfromtheriverbankbehindthe
dam.
Adversity:poverty (dfBukbZ] foifk)
Syn:misfortune,affliction,calamity
Ant:aid,encouragement,favor,fortune,prosperity
Sentence: The disabled man overcame adversity
whenhereceivedaGoldMedalattheSpecialOlympics.
Aegis:shield(j{kk@cpko] dop)
Syn:defense,backing,protection,patronage,shelter
Ant:disfavor,opposition
Sentence:Tendaysearlier,hesurrenderedunderthe
aegisoftheamnestyprogram.
Affected:artificial;assumedinordertoimpress
(cgkuk djuk] izHkko Mkyuk)
Syn:alter,change,influence,involve
Ant : calm, unmoved, unperturbed, unswayed,
untroubled
Sentence: His death has affected you all, whether
youknewhimwellornot.
Affliction:stateofdistress;causeofsuffering (nq%[k]
jksx)
Syn:adversity,anguish,calamity,depression,difficulty
Ant:aid,comfort,consolation,help,relief
Sentence: Unemployment also remains a deep and
prevalentaffliction.
Agape:openmouthed
(eqag ck, vk'p;Z ls eqga [kksys gq,)
Syn:astonished,surprised,appalled,overwhelmed,
shocked,staring
Ant:clear,calm,expected
Sentence:Hestaredatthepinkelephantbeforehim,
mouthagape.
Aggrandize:raiseinpower,wealth,rankorhonor
('kfDr vFkok inoh c<+kuk)
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Syn:acclaim,applaud,augment,boost,dignify
Ant:belittle,debase,degrade,depress,disgrace,lower
Sentence: These destructive, power-hungry people
makepoordecisionsmeanttoaggrandizethemselves
anddemeanothers.
Aghast:horrified;dumbfounded
(gDdk cDdk] HkkSp
a Ddk])
Syn:afraid,agape,agog,alarmed,amazed,anxious,
appalled,astonished
Ant:unsurprised,assured,calm,content,cool,
Sentence:Aghast,thedoctorsfriendssetabouttrying
togethimreleased.
Agrarian:pertainingtolandandcultivation
(Hkwfe fo"k;d] o`Qf"kd)
Syn : agricultural, natural, peasant, rustic,
undomesticated
Ant:artificial,fixed,modified,refined
Sentence: Although the war was the catalyst for a
newsociety,theeconomyremainedagrarian.
Alchemy:medievalchemistry
(dhfe;ka jlk;u fo|k ls lacaf/r)
Syn:blackarts,blackmagic,pseudoscience,sorcery,
witchcraft,
Ant:reality
Sentence:Theeffectwaseasytodismissasalchemy,
buttherehadtobeagoodexplanation.
Allegiance:loyalty(fu"Bk jktHkfDr)
Syn:adherence,constancy,dedication,devotion,duty,
faithfulness
Ant:disloyalty,enmity,sedition,treachery
Sentence: Every socialist today proclaims their
allegiancetomarketswhiletryingtocontrolthem.
Allusion:indirectreference (ladsr] mYys[k)
Syn:casualremark,citation,connotation,denotation,
implication
Ant:evidence,proof
Sentence:Helikestomakeallusiontothesizeofhis
salary.
Altercation:noisyquarrel;heateddispute
(>xM+k] >Mi)
Syn : argument, bickering, brawl, combat, contest,
controversy
Ant:agreement,concord,harmony,peace,union,unity
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Sentence: I wanted to leave my job without an
altercation.
Ambivalence:stateofhavingconflictingemotional
attitudes(mHk;o`fkrk)
Syn:confusion,dilemma,doubt,fluctuation,hesitation
Ant:certainty,decisiveness
Sentence: Its understandable that the war fills him
withambivalence.
Ambiguous:unclearordoubtfulinmeaning
(vLi"V)
Syn:unclear,vague,obscure,enigmatic
Ant:clear,definite,explicit,lucid
Sentence:Thesenatorspokewithsuchambiguity,
itwasimpossibleformetotellwhathereallybelieves.
Amenable:readilymanagedorwillingtobeled;
answerableoraccountablelegally
(tokcnsgh@vkKkdkjh@o';)
(SSCCGL2011)
Syn : acquiescent, agreeable, docile, influenceable,
manageable,obedient
Ant : intractable, nonconforming, uncooperative,
unwilling
Sentence:Mostcompanies,notsurprisingly,arentso
amenabletotheidea.
Amputate:cutoffpartofbody;prune
(dkVuk] vaxPNsnu djuk)
Syn:cutaway,cutoff,dismember,eliminate,separate,
sever,truncate
Ant:join,add,unite
Sentence: They wont have to amputate the arm
becauseithashealednicely.
Animadversion:criticalremark (fuank)
Syn:censure,criticism,faultfinding
Ant:applause,exaltation,praise
Sentence:AlthoughPennythoughtshewaswell-liked,
herclassmatesspokeofherwithanimadversion.
Annals:records;history
(o.kZozQe ls fy[kk gqvk bfrgkl)
Syn : archive, chronicle, journal, memorial, record,
register
Sentence: The newspapers annals were in perfect
order.
Anneal:reducebrittlenessandimprovetoughnessby
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heating&cooling(idkuk)
Syn:harden,temper,thicken,toughen
Ant:soften,weaken
Sentence: Its often necessary to anneal glass
products.
Antecedents: preceding events or circumstances
thatinfluencewhatcomeslater;ancestorsorearly
background(iwoZpfjr)
Syn:ancestor,forebears
Ant:descendant,after,following
Sentence: It had long antecedents with clear
environmentalcauses.
Antiquated:obsolete;outdated(iqjkuk)
Syn:aged,ancient,antediluvian,antique,archaic
Ant:forward-looking,modern,new,recent
Sentence:Theofficeisspareandimpersonal,witha
somewhatantiquatedfeel.
Apocalyptic:prophetic;pertainingtorevelations
(Hkfo";lwpd)
Syn:ominous,oracular,predictive,prophetic,revealing
Ant:insignificant,unimportant
Sentence:Wearehighlyhedonisticandapocalyptic
withourselfcenteredneeds.
Apologist:onewhowritesindefenseofacauseor
institution(leFkZd)
Syn:pleader,polemicist,sophist
Sentence: He became his apologistwhen things
startedtogowrong.
Apothecary: druggist (vkS"k/dkj)
Syn:dispenser,druggist
Sentence: It has a clean, almost apothecary
sparseness,withlotsofsharpanglesandgalvanized
steelandslate.
Appellation:name;title(inoh@uke@mikf/)
Syn:designation,label,nickname,sobriquet,title
Sentence:WeusedtocallhimDanny,butherecently
letusknowthathepreferstheappellationDaniel.
Appraise:judge,estimate (leh{kk] ewY;kadu)
(SSCCGL2011)
Syn:adjudge,assay,assess,deem,evaluate,examine
Sentence: The realtor made an appointment to
appraisethehouse.
Apprehensive: fearful (vka'kdkoku] fpafrr)
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Syn:afraid,discerning
Ant:quiet,unafraid,unfearful,unsuspicious,unworried
Sentence:Imfeelingabitapprehensiveabout the
test.
Appurtenances:subordinatepossessions
(lkt&lkeku)
Syn:addition,annex,appendix,attachment,component
Ant:lessening,subtraction
Sentence: He escapes practically all the
appurtenancesofcivilizedmodernlife.
Aquiline:curved,hooked(x:M+h;] x:M+ ds leku)
Syn:Roman-nosed,beaked,eaglelike
Ant:straight
Sentence:Bernicewasembarrassedbyheraquiline
nose.
Arbiter:personwithpowertodecideamatterin
dispute(fu.kkZpd @ iap)
Syn:judge
Ant:arguer,fighter
Sentence:ShallweaskMr.Francistobethearbiter?
Arcade:acoveredpassageway,usuallylinedwith
shops(rksj.k iFk)
Syn:gallery,mall,passageway,walkway
Sentence: Hap tic interfaces were first available to
thepublicinthearcade.
Ardour:Zeal(mRlkg)
Syn:Fervor,heat,passion,eager
Ant:languid,lethargy
Sentence:Softlytheysang,andsweetly,glancingat
Narada,atfirstwithshydelight,andthenwithincreasing
ardour.
Armada:fleetofwarships(tgktksa dk csM+k)
Syn:fleet,flotilla,force,navy,squadron
Sentence:Thefullarmadadockedattheport.
Arraign:chargeincourt;indict(nks"kh Bgjkuk)
Syn:blame,charge,criminate,inculpate,indict
Ant:discharge,exonerate,free
Sentence:Governmentofficialsusedexpansivelibel
lawstoarraignjournalistswhocriticizedthem.
Artifact:objectmadebyhumanbeings,handmade,
(f'kYio`Qfr)
Syn:relic
Sentence:Theoneproblemisthatthesethingsarean
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artifactofquantization.
Asinine:stupid(cgqr eq[kZrkiw.kZ)
Syn:absurd,foolish,idiotic,inane,silly,sophomoric,
stupid
Ant:brainy,bright,intelligent,smart,understanding,
keen,sensible
Sentence:Yourasinineremarksprovethatthisissue
isnotseriousforyou.
Aspersion:slanderousremark (tyflapu)
Syn:abuse,animadversion,backbiting,calumny
Ant:happiness,kindness,mildness
Sentence:Thomasthrewoneaspersionafteranother
atMichael.
Assimilate:causetobecomehomogenous (vkRelkr
djuk] lfEefyr djuk)
Syn:comprehend,digest,grasp,incorporate,ingest
Ant:misunderstand,reject,unlearn
Sentence: It was difficult to get the new baby to
assimilatetohisparentsschedule.
Asylum:placeofrefugeorshelter;protection ('kj.k]
ikxy[kkuk)
Syn:cover,harbour,hideout,preserve,refuge,
Ant:open,uncover
Sentence:Hewasconcernedaboutotherpeoplewho
havepoliticalasylumhere.
Atrocity:brutaldead(vR;kpkj] u`a'klrk)
Syn:barbarity,enormity,heinousness
Ant:goodbehavior,pleasantry
Sentence:Theevilwitchperformedoneatrocityafter
another.
Attenuate:makethin;weaken
(de djuk] detksj gksuk)
(SSCCGL2010)
Syn : abate, constrict, contract, cripple, debilitate,
deflate,enfeeble
Ant:expand,increase,intensify,strengthen
Sentence:Thereisalsoalimitertoattenuatesudden
loudnoises.
Attrition:reductionintheworkforcewithoutfiring
employees(f?klkbZ] lfu?k"kZ.k)
Syn:abrasion,depreciation,disintegration,erosion,
grinding
Ant:building,strengthening
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Sentence:TheCompanylostmanyemployeesthrough
attrition.
Audacious:daring;bold(nq%lkglh] fuMj)
(SSCCGL2011)
Syn : adventurous, bold, brassy, brave, courageous,
dauntless
Ant:cautious,gentle,humble,meek,mild,modest,
reserved,timid
Sentence:Hewastooaudacioustoafraidfromtiger.
Augury: Omen (Hkfo";ok.kh)
Syn:Forerunner,harbinger,prophecy,prognostication
Sentence:TheFuturetellersatinhisthroneofaugury.
August:impressive;majestic(egRoiw.kZ] xfjekiw.kZ)
Syn : brilliant, eminent, exalted, glorious, grand,
grandiose
Ant:undignified
Sentence: Manoj was impressed with the august
surroundingsofthefarmhouse.
Autonomous:Self-governing(LorU=k)
(SSCCGL2011)
Syn:Independent,sovereign,Free
Ant:dependent,Servile,Slavish
Sentence: Cars will then be virtually autonomous,
able to drive themselves without the motorists
intervention.
Avarice: Greed (ykyp)
Syn:covetous,cupidity,ravenous,rapacious
Ant:benevolence,generosity,philanthropy
Sentence:Becauseofhisavarice,Thomaswaswilling
tokillhisownmothertoinheritthefamilyfortune.
B
Bacchanalian:onewhodrinkstoomuch
(e|ksRlo laca/h)
Synonyms:alcoholic,bibber,boozer,dipsomaniac.
Antonyms:abstainer,ascetic,teetotaler
Sentence: Vacationing students perform various
bacchanalianritualsduringspringbreak.
Badger:pester;annoycontinuallywithdemands
(rax djuk] ihNk iM+uk)
Synonyms:annoy,bait,bug,bully
Antonyms:aid,help,please
Sentence: The way the lawyer was yelling and
accusingthedefendantIwassurehewasbadgering
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thewitness.
Baffle:frustrate;perplex
(pDdj esa Mky nsuk] ckf/dk)
Synonyms:addle,bewilder,confound,befuddle
Antonyms:clearup,enlighten,explain
Sentence: Even thousands of years after its
constructionbegan;themysteriousruinscontinueto
bafflescientists.
Baleful:foreshadowingevil(ladViw.kZ)
Synonyms: Deadly, ominous, harmful, threatening,
menacing,sinister
Antonyms:advantageous,helpful,auspicious,favoring
Sentence: She gave him a baleful look that scared
him.
Banal:hackneyed;commonplace (rqPN] ekewyh)
Synonyms:Trite,clichd,commonplace,notoriginal.
Antonyms:fresh,new,original
Sentence:Thehackwriters wornout clichsmade
hiscomicsketchseembanal.
Baneful:Causeofruin(fouk'kdkjh)
Synonyms: Curse, anathema, ruin, blight, disaster,
calamity
Antonyms:Advantage,blessing,fortune,goodluck
Sentence:KarensbanefulremarkaboutChristines
hairruinedtherestofherday.
Bastion:support;fortifiedplace(leFkZd] x<+)
Synonyms: bulwark, citadel, defense, fortification,
fortress
Antonyms:weakspot,weakness
Sentence: It consisted of a fortified town and a
defensivebastion.
Bauble:cheapjewel
(lLrk vkHkw"k.k] HkM+dhyh lLrh pht)
Synonyms:trinket,knickknack,trifle
Antonyms:preciousstone;treasure
Sentence:Buteveninthesestraitenedtimes,thecity-
statehasrolledoutthislatestbaublewithitsusualflair.
Barterer:exchangegoodforothergoodsrather
thanmoney(oLrq&fofue;dkj)
Synonyms: dealer, merchant, salesperson, seller,
shopkeeper,stockbroker,trade
Sentence:Iwillusemywooltobarterforyourgrain.
Bedizen:dresswithvulgarfinery
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(rM+d&HkM+d ls ltkuk] HkM+dhys diM+s iguuk)
Synonyms:apparel,array,attire
Antonyms:reveal,takeoff,unclothe,uncover
Sentence:Thewitchdoctorswerebedizenedintheir
gaudiestcostumes.
Beeline:directquickroute (lh/k jkLrk)
Synonyms: shortcut, shortest route, straight line,
straightaway
Antonyms:curved,indirect,twisted
Sentence:Ifagalaxyislensedthenthelightfromthat
galaxymusttravelfartherthanifhadmadeabeelineto
us.
Begrudge:envy;giveorallowunwillingly;grudge
(tyuk] bZ";k ;k Mkg djuk)
Synonyms:jealous,reluctant
Antonyms:favor,forgive
Sentence: We dont begrudgefinancial success in
thiscountry.
Behemoth:hugecreature;somethingofmonstrous
sizeorpower (fo'kkydk;)
Synonyms:beast,huge,mammoth,gigantic
Antonyms:dwarf,midget,runt
Sentence:Ourschooldistrictwouldbeabsorbedinto
thebehemothsouthofus.
Beleaguer:besiegeorattack(withanarmy);harass
(rax djuk] ?ksjk Mkyuk)
Synonyms:annoy,badger,beset,bother,harry,attack
Antonyms:aid,assist,facilitate,help,support
Sentence: The many pests and diseases that
beleaguercommercialgrowersarenotlikelytoplague
homegardeners.
Belittle:disparage;depreciate
(vieku djuk] ewY; ?kVkuk)
Synonyms: bad-mouth, undervalue, criticize, decry,
depreciate
Antonyms:buildup,exaggerate,praise,value,extol
Sentence:Openyoureyestowhatevertruthpresents
itselfforyou,withoutfeelingtheneedtobelittleother
people'sposts.
Bellicose: warlike (;qfiz;] yM+kdk)
Synonyms: aggressive, antagonistic, argumentative,
combative,hostile
Antonyms:calm,easygoing,pacifist,passive,peaceful
Sentence:Heisabellicoseandalwaysreadytofight.
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Benefactor:giftgiver;patron;personwhodoes
goodorwhogivesmoneyforagoodpurpose(laj{kd]
fgrdkjh)
Synonyms: aid, altruist, angel, assistant, backer,
contributor,well-wisher
Antonyms:antagonist,opponent
Sentence: Not have equal amounts of money
distributedtousfromsomeunknownbenefactor.
Benevolent:generous;havingawishtodogood
(n;kyq] ijksidkjh] 'khyoUr)
(SSCSectionOfficerExam2001)
Synonyms:Charitable,altruistic,beneficent,benign,big-
hearted,caring
Antonyms:greedy,malevolent,mean,selfish,spiteful,
unkind
Sentence:When things go swimmingly, few people
seemtomindbeingrunbybenevolentautocrats.
Benign:kindly;favorable;notmalignant(disease)
(vuqdy
w ] d`ikyq] n;k'khy)
Synonyms:amiable,beneficent,benevolent,favorable,
friendly,
Antonyms:hateful,hostile,hurtful,injurious,malignant,
unkind
Sentence:Motiisbenignandalwayshelpstheneedy.
Berserk:madwithviolentanger;frenzied;madly
excited(cgqr mksftr] ikxy)
Synonyms:crazy,demented,deranged,insane,mad,
maniacal,violent
Antonyms:balanced,realistic,reasonable,responsible,
sane
Sentence:Theaudiencewasgoingperceptiblymore
berserkforthisparticularsong.
Besiege: surround with armed forces
(?ksj ysuk] ?ksjk Mkyuk)
Synonyms:assail,attack,beleaguer,beset,blockade
Antonyms:leavealone,aid,defend,protect,resist
Sentence:Doctorssayworriedpatientshearingabout
theailmentarestartingtobesiegethem.
Besmirch:soil;makedirty(eSyk djuk)
Synonyms:blacken,blot, defile,discolor, dishonor,
slander,smear,smudge,stain
Antonyms:clean,hallow,honor,purify,sanctify
Sentence: It pains me to see his reputation so
besmirched.
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Bigotry:stubborn(i{kikr] gB)
Synonyms: Intolerance, prejudice, discrimination,
dogmatism,fanaticism
Antonyms: broad-mindedness, fairness, open-
mindedness,tolerance
Sentence:Cleverefforttosneakingenderbigotryin
theguiseofscientificdiscussion.
Blasphemy:irreverence(bZ'oj fuUnk] bZ'kfuank)
Synonyms:sacrilege,abuse,cursing,desecration
Antonyms:piety,religion,religiousness,reverence
Sentence: No civil laws specifically targeting
blasphemy,apostasy,orproselytizing.
Blighted:sufferingfromadisease;destroyed
(fouk'k djuk)
Synonyms:annihilate,blast,crush,damage,decay
Antonyms:aid,bless,guard,help,prosper,protect
Sentence:Now,youcouldnotaskforamoreperfect
metaphorforabandoned,blightedhopes.
Bludgeon:heavy-headedweapon (xnk] lksVk)
Synonyms:bat,club,stick
Antonyms:aid,assist,encourage,help
Sentence:Hewasapproachedfrombehindandstruck
theheadwithabludgeon,knockinghimsenseless.
Blunder:error;stupidmistake (cM+h Hkwy] nks"k)
Synonyms:bungle,error,fault
Antonyms:accuracy,correction
Sentence:Havingacomputerpartneralsomeantnever
havingtoworryaboutmakingatacticalblunder.
Blurt:utterimpulsivelyfromnervousnessor
excitement(csle>s cw>s dguk)
Synonyms:babble,jabber
Antonyms:keepquiet
Sentence: Participants blurtout as many ideas as
possiblewithinaspecifiedtimeperiod.
Bluster:blowinheavygusts;speakinanoisyor
bullyingmanner(Mhax] 'ks[kh)
Synonyms:bluff,boasting,bombastic,braggadocio,
bragging
Antonyms:humility,meekness,servility
Sentence: Even-tempered, without bluster, he was
approachableandruledbyashotfromhisdarkeyes.
Bogus:counterfeit;notauthentic;intentionallyfalse
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(udyh] cukoVh)
Synonyms: artificial, dummy, fake, false, fictitious,
forged,fraudulent,imitation
Antonyms:authentic,genuine,real
Sentence:Hewasgettingbogusdataandhadnoway Antonyms:insufficient,lacking,meager,sparse
todeterminethatitwasbogus.
Bohemian:unconventional(inanartisticway)
(:f<+eqDr] LOksPNkpkjh)
Synonyms:artist,dilettante,flowerchild,freespirit,
gypsy,hippie
Antonyms:conformist,conservative,orthodox
Sentence:Shaanwantstoliveaneccentricbohemian
lifewithhiswriterfriends.
Boisterous:violent;rough;noisy (m|eh] izcy)
Synonyms: brawling, clamorous, disorderly,
effervescent,impetuous,loud
Antonyms:calm,quiet,restrained,silent,serene
Sentence: They silenced boisterousteenagers,
movedloiterersalong,andnotedunusualactivity.
Bolster:support;reinforce (vk/kj] j{kk djuk)
Synonyms:aid,assist,buckup,bulwark
Antonyms:hinder,obstruct,prevent,undermine
Sentence: He should press rulers to bolstertheir
regimesbyreformratherthanviolence.
Bombastic:usinginflatedlanguage
('kCnkMEcj;qDr] cM+s&cM+s 'kCnksa ls Hkjk gqvk)
Synonyms:Pompous,big-talking,euphuistic
Antonyms:humble,quiet,reserved,restrained
Sentence:There werebombasticspeechesbyparty
membersdefyingtheirleadersordersonwhichway
tovote.
Boon:blessing;benefit;somethingveryhelpful
(ojnku)
Synonyms:benefaction,benefit,benevolence,blessing,
compliment,gift
Antonyms:disadvantage
Sentence: This workforce is not only potentially
happier;itcanbeaboontotheeconomy.
Boorish:rude;insensitive (vf'k"V] vlH;)
Synonyms:bad-mannered,cantankerous,churlish
Antonyms:charming,cultured,exciting,polite,refined,
sophisticated
Sentence:Byyour actionsyoushowthatyoudont
deserve any respect, and that you are offensive,
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unculturedandboorish.
Bountiful:generous;graciouslygenerous
(mnkj] izpqj)
Synonyms:ample,plenty,copious,exuberant
Sentence: The Thanksgiving dinner table was set
bountifullywithallkindsofdeliciousdishes.
Bourgeois:middleclass;selfishlymaterialistic
(e;eoxhZ;] iwathoknh)
Synonyms: Philistine, common, conservative,
conventional
Antonyms:adventurous,imaginative,inspired,original,
untraditional
Sentence:Shethoughtofherselfasabourgeois.
Bovine: cow like (eancqf)
Synonyms:placid,dull,calm
Antonyms:Keenminded,astute,clever,perspicacious
Sentence: With bovine slowness and peacefulness,
thecowrestedunderthetreeandquietlychewedits
cud.
Bowdlerize: expurgate
(ifj'kks/u djuk] vi'kks/u djuk)
Synonyms:edit,expurgate
Antonyms:allow,permit
Sentence:Thefilmeditorsbowdlerizethelanguage
ofthefilm.
Brawn:humanmuscle;muscularstrength
(lwvj dk ekal] [ke)
Synonyms:sturdiness,muscular
Antonyms:frailness,skinniness,slightness,thinness
Sentence:Theroleofthepusherisdefinedbystrength,
brawnandathleticism.
Breach:breakingofcontractorduty;fissureorgap;
opening(njkj] mYya?ku)
Synonyms:aperture,break,chasm,crack,discontinuity,
fissure,hole
Antonyms:bridge,connection
Sentence:Thesailors workedashardastheycould
to bail the water from the hold, as seawater kept
pouringinthroughthebreachintheshipsside.
Brevity:conciseness;shortnessofduration
(la{ksi] y?kqrk)
Synonyms:conciseness,condensation,economy
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Antonyms:lengthiness,longevity,permanence
Sentence: Simons poems were known for their
brevity.
Buffoonery:clowning(el[kjkiu] HkMSarh)
Synonyms:clowning,frivolity,prank,craziness,lunacy
Antonyms:sobriety,tragedy
Sentence:Therearealsomoments when the scenes
arelittlemorethanbuffoonery.
Bulwark:strongwallbuiltfordefense
(izdkj] pkjnhokjh] dksV)
Synonyms:barrier,bastion,buttress,citadel,defense,
embankment,fort
Antonyms:weakpoint,hinder
Sentence:Theyalsoserveasanaturalbulwarkagainst
hurricanesandstormsurges.
Bungle:mismanage;spoilbyclumsybehavior
(?kiyk] ?kMcM+)
Synonyms:blunder,botch,fumble
Antonyms:dowell,fix,manage,succeed
Sentence: It was the result of a bungle that a
bureaucraticrule-changemisleadinglyannouncedand
over-excitedlyreported.
Buoyant:abletofloat;cheerfulandoptimistic
(izlUu] iziQ
q fYyr)
Synonyms: floatable, supernatant, unsinkable,
weightless
Antonyms:heavy,weighted
Sentence: Even so, the market continues to look
extremelybuoyantonmanymeasures.
Burgeon:growrapidly;growforth;sendoutbuds
(iQVuk] dyh)
Synonyms: blossom, bud, expand, flower, grow,
increase,prosper,sprout,thrive
Antonyms:shrink,shrivel,wither
Sentence:Inthelastyearsofthenineteenthcentury,
anexistingindustrybegantoburgeonthroughoutthe
state.
Burlesque:giveanimitationthatridicules;imitate
mockingly(gkldj] etkd)
Synonyms:caricature,comic,ironical,ludicrous,mock
Antonyms:original
Sentence:Butthestoryisconsiderablyexpandedand
treatedthroughoutinaburlesquevein.
Buttress:support;propup(lgkjk)
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Synonyms:abutment,prop,reinforcement,strut
Antonyms:letgo,loosen,unfasten
Sentence:Theyarerightbut,tobuttresstheirview,
theymustestablish alink betweenpoorgrowthand
euro-areamembership.
C
Cadaverous:pale,corpselike
(foo.kZ] 'ko dk] 'ko tSlk)
Synonyms: ashen, bag of bones, bloodless, dead,
deathlike,deathly
Antonyms:flushed,lifelike,lively
Sentence:Thehikerslookedcadaverousafterthey
werefoundaweeklater.
Cadence:rhythmicriseandfall
(rky] vkokt dk mrkj&p<+ko)
Synonyms:beat,measure,modulation,rhythm
SentenceThemusichadaslowbutpleasingcadence.
Cajole:persuadebypraiseorfalsepromise
(iqQlykuk] cgykuk] pkiywlh djuk)
Synonyms:coax,wheedle,beguile,blandish,bootlick
Antonyms:bully,force,repel
Sentence:Thechildrenwilltrytocajoletheirmother
intogivingthemmoredessert.
Calamity:disaster;misery(vkin] ladV)
Synonyms:adversity,affliction,cataclysm,catastrophe,
collapse
Antonyms:advantage,blessing,boon,comfort,good
fortune,goodluck,happiness
Sentence:Whenanycalamityhasbeensuffered,the
first thing toberemembered is how much hasbeen
escaped.
Callous:withoutsympathyforthesufferingsof
others(funZ;h] dBksj n;)
Synonyms:apathetic,careless,cauterize
Antonyms: compassionate, kind, nice, sensitive,
sympathetic
Sentence:Peoplesresponsetoourseparatenesscan
be callous, can be good-hearted, and is always
condescending.
Callow:youthful;inexperienced(vukM+h] vuqHkoghu)
Synonyms:immature,guileless,inexperienced,juvenile
Antonyms:experienced,mature,sophisticated
Sentence: Hisfailure in businessis only due to his
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callowaction.
Cameo:shellorjewelcarvedinrelief;starsspecial
appearanceinaminorroleinafilm
(mRdh.kZ jRu)
Synonyms: jewelry, adornment, anklet, diamonds,
crown
Sentence: The actor made a cameo appearance in
thelittleknownfilm.
Canard:unfoundedfalserumor;exaggeratedfalse
report(>wBh viQokg)
Synonyms:exaggeration,hoax,rumor,spoof
Antonyms:honesty,truth,truthfulness
Sentence:Byrepeatingthisfalsecanardyouprovide
aninterestingexampleofthetideofmisinformation.
Candor:frankness;openhonesty(Li"Vokfnrk)
Synonyms: artlessness, directness, fairness,
forthrightness,guilelessness,honesty
Antonyms:artifice,deception,falsehood,guile,lying
Sentence: His candor is the characteristic that
separateshimfromothers.
Canine:relatedtodogs;doglike
('okuh;] dqks ds tSlk)
Sentence: Their canine teeth are much more
prominentthanours.
Canker:anyulceroussore;ulcer;anyevil
(u"V gks tkuk] fouk'kdkjh jksx)
Synonyms: bane, blight, blister, boil, corrosion,
corruption,lesion,sore,ulcer
Antonyms:blessing,boon,health,prosperity
Sentence:Thepurposeofthisstudyistoexaminehow
compounds produced in patients with canker sores
affectwoundhealing.
Cantankerous:ill-humored;irritable
(fcxMSy] fpM+fpM+k)
(SSCCGL2010)
Synonyms:bad-tempered,captious,choleric,cross
Antonyms:easy,good-natured,happy,nice,pleasant
Sentence:Thebearwasalwaysalittlecantankerous
inthemornings.
Canvass:determineorseekopinionsorvotes (oksV
ekaxuk] i{k&izpkj djuk)
Synonyms:opinionpoll,publicopinionpoll,analyze,
examine
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Antonyms:abstain,keepquiet
Sentence:Leaderscanvassatthetimeofelection.
Capitulate:surrender
(gkj Lohdkj djuk] vkReleiZ.k djuk)
Synonyms:bow,cede,concede,giveup
Antonyms:defend,fight
Sentence:Hehasseeminglynoescape,andmustfight
orcapitulate.
Capricious:unpredictable (vfLFkj] mFkyk)
Synonyms:fickle,arbitrary,careless
Antonyms:constant,sensible,steadfast,steady
Sentence:Somearelovingandgood,whileothersare
capriciousordemanding.
Caption:chapterheading;textunderillustration
(vuq'kh"kZd] vuq'kh"kZd nsuk)
Synonyms:title,explanation,inscription,underline
Sentence: There was a descriptive caption beneath
eachpicture.
Cardinal:chief;mostimportant (izeq[k] iz/ku] eq[;)
Synonyms: central, chief, essential, first, foremost,
fundamental
Antonyms:inessential,insignificant,minor,negligible,
secondary,unimportant
Sentence:Punctualityisoneofthecardinalbusiness
virtues;alwaysinsistonitinyoursubordinates.
Carrion:rottingfleshofadeadbody(ejk gqvk
tkuoj] lM+k gqvk ekal)
Synonyms:cadaver, carcass,deceased
Antonyms: developing, flourishing, germinating,
growing,improving,ripening
Sentence:TheIslandwasonceinhabitedbybaldeagles
thatfedonfishandcarrionbutnotfoxes.
Catalyst:agentwhichbringsaboutachemical
changewhileitremainsunaffectedandunchanged
(vkostd] mRizjs d] eq[; ksr)
Synonyms:agitator,enzyme,goad,impetus,impulse,
incentive,incitation,motivation,
Antonyms:blockage,preventer
Sentence: The metal is coated with a platinum
catalystandplacedinadevicethatallowsmethanolto
bedrawnalongthesurface.
Cavalcade:Parade(dkfiQys)
Synonyms:Drill,procession
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Sentence:TheRepulicDayparadeisacavalcadeof
floats,marchingbands,andperformanceartists.
Cavil:quibble;makefrivolousobjections
(cky dh [kky fudkyuk)
Synonyms:carp,criticize,fuss,grumble
Antonyms:ignore,letgo
Sentence:Herperformanceisbeyondcavil.
Celerity:speed;rapidity(iqQrhZ] rsth)
Synonyms:alacrity,briskness,dispatch, expedition,
haste,hurry
Antonyms:slowness,sluggishness
Sentence:Theymovedwithgreatceleritywhenthey
heardabouttheflood.
Celibate:abstainingfromsexualintercourse
(vfookfgr] czpkjh)
Synonyms:chaste,continent,pure,virginal
Antonyms:active,promiscuous
Sentence:Somecoupleremainedcelibateuntilthey
gotmarried.
Censure:blame;criticize;expressstrong
disapproval(nks"k yxkuk] fuUnk djuk)
Synonyms: castigation, condemnation, disapproval,
chide
Antonyms: approval, compliment, encouragement,
endorsement,praise,ratification
Sentence:Encouragementaftercensureisasthesun
after ashower.
Cerebration:thought;workingofthebrain
(izefLr"d fozQ;k)
Synonyms:deliberation,Intellect,thinking
Antonyms:ignorance
Sentence: Cerebration is the process of using the
mindthinking.
Ceremonious: Ritual (vkSipkfjd)
Synonyms:Formal
Antonyms:Informal
Sentence:Everybodyshouldtakepartinceremonious
events.
Churlish:boorish;rude (vHknz] vf'k"V)
Synonyms: blunt, brusque, cantankerous, crabbed,
crude
Antonyms:gentle,nice,pleasant,polite
Sentence: It seems almost churlish to question the
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outlook for emerging markets after the great strides
theyhavemade.
Charlatan:quack;pretendertoknowledge
(dBcSn] dwV&fpfdRld)
Synonyms: fake, fraud, imposter, mountebank,
pretender,quack
Antonyms:original,reality
Sentence:Thecharlatanwasabletotrickallbutthe
wisestpeopleofthetown.
Cherubic:angelic;innocent-looking;
(nsonwr ds leku] lqUnj vkSj eueksgd)
Synonyms:adorable,childlike,cute,innocent,sweet
Antonyms:hellish,dark,demoniac,devilish
Sentence:Herfaceischerubicand attractive.
cherubiceggshell-whitefacetomakeyoucomfortable
talkingtoher
Chivalrous:courteous;faithful;brave(mnkk]
mnkjpsrk] mnkjeuk)
Synonyms:benevolent,brave,considerate,courageous,
courteous,gentlemanlike
Antonyms:afraid,cowardly,fearful,frightened
Sentence:Theylookatthesemotionpicturesandthink
howgloriouswarisandchivalrous.
Cipher:worthlesspersonorthing;zero
(csdkj dh pht] 'kqU;] dqN ugha)
Synonyms:blank,insignificant,nil,nonentity,nothing,
Antonyms:important,significant
Sentence:Thestudymaterialofthatinstituteiscipher
anduseless.
Circumscribe:limit;drawalinearound
([khapuk] ifjxr djuk] lhfer djuk)
Synonyms: confine, bound, encircle, enclose,
encompass
Antonyms:free,loose,open
Sentence:Theartistwillcircumscribethepainting
withjustoneredline.
Circumspect:prudent;actingaftercarefulthought
(pkSdUuk] lrdZ] lko/ku)
Synonyms: cautious, attentive, calculating, canny,
careful,chary,considerate,deliberate
Antonyms:careless,incautious,indiscreet
Sentence: It pays to be a little circumspect when
writingyourautobiography.
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Circumvent:defeatbybehavingmorecleverly
(Bxuk] /ks[kk nsuk)
Synonyms:baffle,beat,beguile,bilk,deceive,dupe,
elude
Antonyms:aid,allow,assist,help,permit
Sentence:Theywilltrytocircumventthelightsout
rulebypretendingtobeasleep.
Cistern:reservoirorwatertank
(dq.M] tyk/kj] Vadh)
Synonyms:pond,tank,container,tub,vessel
Antonyms:closure,solid
Sentence:Thecisternofthisbuildingisempty.
Clamor:loudcontinuousnoise(fpYykuk] 'kksj djuk)
Synonyms:agitation,din,discord
Antonyms:quiet,silence,makepeace
Sentence:Thevotingisover,andthecountryhasmany
otherissuesthatclamorforattention.
Clandestine: secret (vizdV] vO;Dr)
Synonyms: concealed, covert, camouflage, furtive,
hidden
Antonyms:forthright,honest,open,truthful
Sentence: He is always indulged in illicit and
clandestineaffairs.
Clarion:trumpetlikesound(djukbZ] rqjgh] ujflaxk)
Synonyms:shrill,blaring,loud,strident
Antonyms:soft.
Sentence: Near the camp of military one cant hear
theclarioncalls.
Clemency:Forgiveness (n;k)
(SSCS.O.2004)
Synonyms:Mercy,kindness,humanity,compassion,
tolerance
Antonyms:Cruelty,harshness,tyranny
Sentence: Every body has an eye one clemency of
thepresidenttoSanjayDutta,afamousactor.
Clich:phrasedulledinmeaningbyrepetition
(nfd;kuwlh eqgkojk)
Synonyms:platitude,banal,hackneyed,commonplace
Antonyms:coinage,nuance
Sentence:Itisaclichthatchildrentodaythinkthat Antonyms: amnesty, pardon, acquittal, exculpation,
vegetablescomefromthestore,incansorplasticbags.
Cloying:distasteful(becauseexcessive) ([kq'kkenh)
Synonyms:glut,disgust,satiate
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Antonyms: meager
Sentence: The flesh was creamy and sweet, though
farfromcloying.
Coalition:partnership;unionofseparatepolitical
parties(feyk&tqyk] xqVV
~ )
Synonyms: affiliation, alliance, amalgam,
amalgamation,combination,confederation
Antonyms: disassociation, antagonism, discord,
disunion,estrangement,alienate
Sentence: Select a county name to see all the
coalitionmembersinthatcounty.
Coercion:Useofforcetogetsomeonetoobey
(tcjnLrh)
Synonyms:Compulsion,pressure,duress,force
Antonyms:Freedom,liberation
Sentence: He tried to coerce me into signing the
contract.
Cognizance:havingknowledge
(vos{kk] Kku] iw.kZ tkudkj gksuk)
Synonyms:attention,awareness,discernment,insight,
intelligence,knowledge,mind
Antonyms:ignorance,misunderstanding,strangeness,
unfamiliarity
Sentence:Itisbecausehiscognizancethatmadehim
reachtotheclimax.
Colossus:giganticstatue;personofgreat
importance(egkiq#"k)
(SSCAuditor01)
Synonyms:Gargantuan,behemoth,giant,mammoth
Antonyms:diminutive,dwarf
Sentence: The software colossusstands accused of
usingitsmarketpowerunfairly.
Combustible:easilyburned(ngu'khy] Toyu'khy)
Synonyms:inflammable,explosive,ignitable,incendiary
Antonyms:noncombustible,nonexplosive
Sentence:Thereisseeminglynomorecombustible
mixthanhighoilpricesandahotlycontestedelection.
Comeuppance:well-deservedpunishmentor
misfortune(mfpr naM)
Synonyms:retribution,rebuke
exoneration
Sentence:Hubrisonthisscaledeservesaspectacular
comeuppance.
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Compassionate:Havingtenderfeelings (d#.kke;)
Synonyms: Benevolent, charitable, kindly, lenient,
sympathetic
Antonyms:cruel,harsh,hateful,indifferent,merciless
Sentence:A compassionate advocate for the poor,
MotherTeresaislikelydestinedforsainthood.
Complacency:self-satisfaction
(ifjrks"k] f'k"Vkpkj] vkRelarks"k)
Synonyms: vanity, smugness, self-conceit, self-
importance,swagger
Antonyms:dissatisfaction,meekness,modesty,self-
consciousness,shyness,timidity
Sentence:Ifitservesasanexcuseforcomplacency,
thatsbadnewsforeveryone.
Complaisant:tryingtoplease;willingtoplease
others(fouezrk] f'k"Vrk)
Synonyms: accommodating, amiable, compliant,
conciliatory,friendly,generous
Antonyms:antagonistic,disagreeable,discontented,
obstinate
Sentence:Williamhasalwaysbeencomplaisantwhen
itcomestoworkinthecommunity.
Compunction:remorse(iNrkok] i'pkrki] [ksn)
Synonyms:conscience,penitent,qualm,remorse
Antonyms:defiance,meanness
Sentence:Defendantshowednoremorseuntilhewas
caught, showed no regret, showed no moral
compunctionatall.
Compute:reckon(x.kuk djuk] ifjdyu djuk)
Synonyms:calculate,count,enumerate,measure
Antonyms:conjecture,guess,surmise,estimate
Sentence:Whycanttheeconomistgiveaweighted
graphwhenitcancomputetheunweightedgraph?
Concatenate:linkasinachain
(la;qDr djuk] tksM+uk)
Synonyms:chain,connect,couple,integrate,join
Antonyms:disjoin,disperse,divide,part,separate
Sentence: Theres no need to concatenate; simply
standsidebyside.
Concave:curvedinwards (vory] urksnj)
Synonyms:excavated,hollow,incurved,indented
Antonyms:convex,distended
Sentence: The skull fragment also bore a concave
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imprintsuggestiveofamusketball.
Conclave:Secretmeeting (fuokZfpdk lHkk)
Synonyms: Conference, council, gathering, parley,
session,caucus
Sentence: The great men of the city met in solemn
conclavetoconsiderhowthedifficultywastobemet.
Conception:beginning;formingofanidea
(xHkkZ/ku] /kj.kk] ladYiu)
Synonyms:Birth,origin,design,innovation,invention,
concept,construct,creation
Antonyms:end,abortion,death
Sentence: Does new life begin at the moment of
conception?
Concurrent:happeningatthesametime;
(,d lkFk] ,d lkFk gksus okyk)
Synonyms:coeval,coexisting,coincident,concomitant,
incidental,parallel,synchronous
Antonyms: different, dissimilar, distinct, diverse,
opposite,unlike,divergent
Sentence:Thecodealsoprovidesthattheperiodsof
ownershipandusedonothavetobeconcurrent.
Condole:expresssorrow ('kksd izdV djuk] laonsuk
;k lgkuqHkwfr izdV djuk)
Synonyms:comfort,commiserate,console,pity,soothe
Antonyms:beindifferent,turnaway
Sentence:Itriedtocondolemysonafterhisfavorite
hamsterdied.
Conducive:helpful(midkjh] lgk;d] lq[kkog)
Synonyms:contributive,promotive,useful
Antonyms: adverse, discouraging, hindering,
unfavorable,unhelpful
Sentence: Protecting children from junk-food
marketingwouldhelpcreateconditionsconduciveto
achievingahealthyweight.
Confiscate:Seize,Commandeer(tCr djuk)
(SSCS.O.2004)
Synonyms:Grab,catch,grapple
Antonyms:Give,offer,release
Sentence: They questioned me for a considerable
lengthoftime,thenconfiscatedthefooditemsfrom
me.
Congeal:freeze;coagulate(teuk ;k tekuk)
Synonyms:clot,concrete,condense,gelatinize,harden
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Antonyms: dissolve, fuse, melt, unfreeze, liquefy,
soften.
Sentence:Friendshipthatflowsfromtheheartcannot
befrozen byadversity,asthewaterthat flowsfrom
thespringcannotcongealinwinter.
Congenial:pleasant;friendly(vuqdwy] vuq:i)
Synonyms: adapted, affable, agreeable, amicable,
compatible,congruous
Antonyms: disagreeable, incompatible, unfriendly,
unsympathetic
Sentence: The image of filmmakers penitent is
particularlycongenialtoherwork.
Congenital;existingatbirth
(lgtkr] tks tUe ls gh gks)
Synonyms:indigenous,ingrained,inherited,intrinsic,
inveterate
Antonyms:inheritable,accidental,fortuitous
Sentence:Jarrodsheartproblemwascongenital.
Conjecture:surmise;guess (vVdy djuk] vuqeku)
Synonyms:fancy,guess,hypothesis,inference,opinion,
perhaps,presumption,
Antonyms:fact,proof,reality,truth
Sentence: To die for an idea is to set a rather high
priceonconjecture.
Connoisseur:Personcompetenttoactasajudge
ofart;aloverofanart(dnjnku] xz.kxzkgd)
Synonyms: adept, aesthetic, appreciator, arbiter,
devotee,epicure
Antonyms: apprentice, beginner, neophyte, novice,
dabbler,dilettante
Sentence:Iamaconnoisseurofchocolatedesserts
soItrytoeatthemoften.
Connubial:pertainingtomarriageorthematrimonial
state (fookfgr] oSokfgd)
Synonyms:conjugal,married,matrimonial
Antonyms:nonmarital.
Sentence: Beth and Jims connubial happiness has
lastedsincetheirwedding.
Contentious: Quarrelsome (fooknkLin)
Synonyms: combative, disagreeable, belligerent,
querulous
Antonyms:agreeable,helpful,peaceful,compromising
Sentence: The city council meeting was very
contentious.
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Contiguous:Adjacent;incontact (lehi)
Synonyms:adjacent,connecting,joining,neighbouring,
juxtaposed,touching
Antonyms:Detached,divided,separate,away,far
Sentence:IfyouliveinthelowerUnitedStatesitis
saidyouliveinthecontiguousUnitedStates.
Contraband:Illegaltrade(oftZr O;kikj] rLdjh)
Synonyms:unlawful,banned,prohibited,smuggled
Antonyms:allowed,lawful,legal,permitted
Sentence:Theofficerspottedcontrabandintheglove
compartmentwhenthedriveropenedittolookforthe
registration.
Culpable:Deservingblame(n.Muh;)
(SSCAuditor2005)
Synonyms:blameworthy,responsible,sinful,punishable
Antonyms:blameless,inculpable,innocent
Sentence:Mybrotherwasculpablebecausehebroke
mymomsfavoritevasethatwasgiventoherbyher
greatgrandmother.
Curtail:Cutshort;abridge(de djuk)
Synonyms:abbreviate,contract,decrease,diminish,
lessen,reduce
Antonyms:extend,increase,lengthen,prolong
Sentence:Ifyouwillcurtailyourattempttobethe
classclown,Iwillstopcallingyouanidiot.
D
Dapper:neatandtrim(inappearance)
(rst] LoPN)
Synonyms:clean,dashing,dressedtokill,dressedto
nines
Antonyms:dirty,disheveled
Sentence: He was a dapperdresser and moved in
thehighestpoliticalandeconomiccirclesofthecity.
Dappled:spotted;mottled(fprdcjk)
Synonyms: brindled, discolored, flecked, motley,
multicolored,spotted
Antonyms:uncolored,unflecked,unspotted
Sentence:Usuallythismeansawetforestarea,with
dappledshade.
Daub:smear(aswithpaint)(Hkk fp=k] nkx)
Synonyms:paint,plaster,smear
Antonyms:decontaminate,purge,purify
Sentence:Hisbodyiscoveredwithbothbacteriaand
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aminoacids,allofwhichhismake-upartistslovingly
daub.
Daunt:intimidate(grksZRlkg djuk] /edkuk)
Synonyms:frighten,discourage,dishearten
Antonyms:encourage,hearten
Sentence:Perilcannotdaunther, nor hardshipand
povertyappallher.
Deadpan:withnoshowoffeeling(Hkkoghu)
Synonyms:blank,impassive,serious,wooden
Antonyms: communicative, engaged, interested,
responsive
Sentence: Grace is handsome and slender, with a
deadpandeliveryandanauraofshrewdness.
Dearth: scarcity (vdky] vHkko)
Synonyms: deficiency, famine, inadequacy, lack,
meagerness
Antonyms:bountiful,copious,excess,surfeit,surplus,
abundance,adequacy,opulence,
Sentence:Astronomers hadpreviouslyregardedour
sunaspeculiarforitsdearthoflithium.
Debacle:suddendisastrousdownfallordefeat
(vliQyrk)
(SSCCGL2010)
Synonyms:collapse,disaster,downfall
Antonyms:boon,miracle,wonder
Sentence: Indeed, the whole debaclehas a tone of
collegialprankishnessturnedsour.
Debauch:corruptmorally;seducefromvirtue
(yEiV] cgdkuk)
Synonyms:bestial,brutalize,debase,defile
Antonyms:clean,improve,purify,upgrade
Sentence: Printing money would worsen inflation,
debauchthecurrencyandbringabalance-of-payments
crisis.
Debilitate:Incapacitate (nqcZy djuk)
Synonyms:attenuate,enervate,undermine,weaken
Antonyms:energize,invigorate,strengthen
Sentence: The illness debilitated her mentally and
physically.
Debonair:friendly,charming,andfashionably
dressed(vkd"kZd] [kq'kfetkt)
Synonyms: affable, buoyant, cheerful, courteous,
happy,jaunty
Antonyms:awkward,clumsy,inelegant
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Sentence:Hehadseenher, andlifted his hat inhis
debonairstyle.
Decadence: decay; fall toa lower level (v/ksxfr]
vid"kZ)
Synonyms: corruption, debasement, decline,
degeneration,degradation,downfall
Antonyms:humility,morality
Sentence: The decadence of family authority and
coherenceduetothiscauseisindubitable.
Decapitate:behead (flj dkVuk] cs/M+ djuk)
Synonyms:chopoffoneshead,execute
Sentence: Sloppy net work can decapitateand de-
wingdragonfliesandbutterflies.
Decelerate: slow down
(/hek gksuk] voRoj.k ;k eUnu djuk)
Synonyms:brake,slow,check
Antonyms:accelerate,quicken,speed,propel,push
Sentence: Decelerate and yield to any pedestrians
andtrafficintheintersection
Deciduous:fallingoffataspecificseasonofleaves
(ir>M+h] ikrh)
Synonyms:ephemeral,evanescent,fleeting,fugitive,
impermanent,
Antonyms:enduring,ethereal,lasting,lengthy,long-
lived,permanent
Sentence: Deciduoustrees, which lose their leaves
in autumn, shield your home from the sun in the
summer.
Decimate:destroyorkillalargepartof(lekl djuk]
uqdlku igqp
a kuk)
Synonyms:annihilate,butcher,execute,exterminate,
massacre,obliterate,slaughter
Antonyms:patch,repair,create,invent,assemble
Sentence:Unfortunately,ittooktheexplorersandthe
settlers who followed only a few decades to
decimatethese resources.
Declivity:downwardslope (<ky)
Synonyms:declination,descent
Antonyms:acclivity,ascent,climb,raise,upgrade
Sentence:Declivitywindsshouldberenamedupdraft
deflectionwinds.
Decorum:propriety;orderlinessandgoodtastein
manners;appropriatenessofbehaviororconduct
(vkSfpR;] ;qDrrk)
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Synonyms:civility,conduct,correctness,decency
Antonyms:impoliteness,indecency,rudeness
Sentence: Attorneys and parties should conduct
themselveswithdecorumandmanners.
Decrepitude:state of collapseorweaknesscaused
byillnessoroldage(ttZjrk)
Synonyms:decay,dilapidation,infirmity,weakness
Antonyms:development,flourish,germination,growth,
improvement,ripening,strength
Sentence: Several generations of chairs have been
laidaside,inallstagesofdecrepitude.
Defer:giveinrespectfully;submit;delaytilllater
(Lohdkj djuk] eqYroh djuk)
Synonyms: delay, extend, hinder, impede, obstruct,
postpone
Antonyms:expedite,forward,hasten,hurry
Sentence: The judge may defer the trial until next
week.
Defiance:Disobedience;disregard
(vkKk dk mYya?ku djuk)
Synonyms:confront,insurgent,revolt
Antonyms:Acquiescence,obedience,regard
Sentence:ThedefianceshownbythepeopleofAlaska
tochangeisstrang`e.
Defile:makefilthyordirty;corruptmorally(ladqfpr
ekxZ] e;kZnk Hkax djuk)
Synonyms: pollute, desecrate, profane, adulterate,
besmirch,contaminate,debase,degrade
Antonyms:clean,hallow,honor,purify,sanctify
Sentence:Ownersmustnotpermittheirpetstodamage
ordefileanypropertyotherthantheirown.
Degenerate: Deteriorate ({k; gksuk)
Synonyms:degrade,debase,decayed,rotten,unhealthy
Antonyms:built,improved,ameliorate
Sentence:Afteryearsinhisprisoncell,hismuscles
had begun to degenerate.
Delectable:delicious;enjoyable(Lokfn"V)
Synonyms:Luscious,palatable,tasty
Antonyms: disagreeable, nauseating, repulsive,
distasteful,unpleasant
Sentence: On the occasion of Holi, he served
delectableitemsaslunchtotheguests.
Delineate: sketch; describe
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(vafdr djuk] fp=k.k djuk)(SSCT.A.2011)
Synonyms:Portray,depict,draw
Sentence:Asensibleartistneverdelineateavulgar
pictures.
Deluge:Downpour;floodofsomething(tyIykou)
Synonyms:cataclysm,torrent,inundation
Antonyms:Boon,miracle,happiness
Sentence:Itwasraininghardalready,thenitseems
thattheskyjustopenedup,anditbecameadeluge.
Delusion:falsebelief;hallucination
(Hkze] Hkkafr] vkHkkl)
Synonyms:deception,dream,fallacy,falseimpression,
fancy
Antonyms:actuality,certainty,fact,reality,truth
Sentence:Wecollectivelysufferfromadelusionof
destinyfromourneedtofindmeaningandpurpose.
Demoniac:(demoniacal)fiendish;evilsupernatural
being(iS'kkph] HkwrxzLr)
Synonyms: devil, cruel, atrocious, bestial, brutal,
degenerate,evil,ferocious,fierce
Antonyms: charitable, gentle, kind, merciful,
sympathetic
Sentence: There are times when a cackle of
demoniaclaughteristhesolesalvationofsanity.
Demure:Modestandreservedinmanneror
behavior(ladksph] lyTt)
Synonyms:bashful,blushing,coy,diffident,earnest,
humble,modest
Antonyms:aggressive,bold,extroverted,shameless
Sentence: Indeed, she couldnt have been simpler,
moreconsiderateormoredemure.
Denizen:inhabitantorresidentofaparticularplace;
regularvisitor(ns'kho`Qr] ukxfjdrk izkIRk)
Synonyms:citizen,inhabitant,native
Antonyms:alien,foreigner,immigrant
Sentence: the denizens of a bar can tell you a lot
aboutaplace.
Denouement: The end result (lekfIRk)
Synonyms: conclusion, culmination, finale, end,
outcome
Antonyms:Commence,opening,start,beginning
Sentence: The President read a denouncement
againsttheaccusationsmadebythepressagainsthim.
Deploy:spreadout(troops)inanextendedthough
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shallowbattleline(rSukr djuk)
Synonyms:arrange,display
Sentence:Forceswithsophisticatedweaponsshould
bedeployedontheborder.
Depose:dethrone;removefromoffice
(in ls fxjuk] inP;qr djuk)
Synonyms:dethrone,dismiss,displace
Sentence:Thedeposedkingwasreplacedbyhisson,
theprince.
Depravity:extremecorruption;wickedness
(pfj=kghurk] nqjkpkj)
Synonyms: contamination, criminality, debasement,
debauchery,degeneracy,degradation
Antonyms:good,honor,justice,morality,nobility,purity,
uprightness,virtue
Sentence:TheGovernmentofIndiaisunabletojudge
andcheckthedepravityofleaders.
Depredation:plundering;destruction
(ywV&ekj] ywVikV)
Synonyms:burglary,pillage,plunder,ravaging,robbery,
Antonyms:boon,construction,goodness
Sentence: As the population continues to increase,
slightincreasesindepredationarelikelytooccur.
Derelict:negligent;(ofsomeone)neglectfulofduty
(vokjk O;fDr] u"Vizk;)
Synonyms: abandoned, disregardful, irresponsible,
regardless,unreliable,untrustworthy
Antonyms:careful,caring,improved,populated
Sentence: Ten years ago the original village was
becoming a ghost town of derelictbuildings and
deserteddirtroads.
Despot:tyrant;authoritarianruler
(LosPNkpkjh] 'kkld] rkuk'kkg)
Synonyms:Hitler,oppressor,tyrant,harsh
Sentence: Only the benevolent despot can rule the
kingdomwihoutprotest.
Destitute:Wanting;poor (fujkfJr)
Synonyms: bankrupt, deficient, needy, exhausted,
penurious,penniless
Antonyms:prosperous,rich,secure,wealthy
Sentence:Hisextravagantlifestyleafterretiringleft
himdestitutebythetimehedied.
Desultory: Random (vO;ofLFkr)
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Synonyms: aimless, haphazard, chaotic, orderless,
unstable
Antonyms:methodical,organized,planned,systemic
Sentence:Thedesultoryspeechgivenbytheteacher
wasconfusing.
Detrimental:harmful;damaging (rqPNrk] vipk;d]
{kfrdkjd)
Synonyms: injurious, adverse, bad, deleterious,
destructive
Antonyms:advantageous,beneficial,helpful,profitable
Sentence: Pirates and other visitors had a lasting,
detrimentaleffectontheenvironment.
Devise:thinkup
(lksp fudkyuk] mik; ;k ;qfDr fudkyuk)
Synonyms:invent,plan,consider,cogitate
Sentence:Learnabouthowtodeviseaplanthatwill
boostsales.
Dichotomy:divisionintotwooppositeparts;split;
branchingintotwoparts(especiallycontradictory
ones)(f}Hkktu] fdlh nks fHkUu inkFkZ ;k lewg ds foHkkx)
Synonyms: difference of opinion, disagreement,
disunion,separation,split
Antonyms:combine,unite
Sentence:Thedichotomyoftheiropinionsisassevere
asblackandwhite.
Didactic:intendedtoteachamorallesson;
instructional(mins'kkRed] uhfrijd)
Synonyms: teaching, academic, advisory, edifying,
enlightening,
Antonyms:uninstructive.
Sentence: In the opinion of many students, the
professorsdidacticapproachwastooheavy.
Diabolical:devilish;fiendish(:j] nq"V] iS'kkfpd)
Synonyms:cruel,demoniac,evil,fiendish,heinous,
hellish,infernal
Antonyms: good, celestial, heavenly, benevolent,
benign,holy,saintly
Sentence:Thewindseemeddiabolicalasitblewthe
treesclosetotheelectriclines.
Dilapidated:inabadcondition;ruinedbecauseof
neglect (th.kZ&'kh.kZ] /oLr)
Synonyms: damaged, decayed, decaying, decrepit,
derelict
Antonyms:fresh,new,spruce
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Sentence:Thedilapidatedhouseattheendofthestreet
ishaunted.
Dilettante:aimlessfollowerofanartorafieldof
knowledge (dykizseh] v;olk;h dykdkj)
Synonyms:amateur,dabbler,unskilled
Antonyms:professional, capable, dexterous, gifted,
skillful,talented
Sentence:Althoughsheisonlyadilettanteinthefield
ofart,shehasageniusformathematics.
Diligence:steadinessofeffort;persistenthardwork
(ifjJe] rRijrk] deZBrk)
(SSCCGL2010)
Synonyms:assiduousness,briskness,carefulness
Antonyms:changeableness,idleness,indolence,sloth,
carelessness,slackness,laziness
Sentence: Diligence and ardor are necessary for
successinexamination.
Diminution:lessening;reductioninsize
(deh] pVh] kl)
Synonyms:abatement,alleviation,decrease,deduction,
retrenchment,weakening
Antonyms:augmentation,increase,accretion,accrual,
addition
Sentence: Among the effects observed were a
reduction in teasing and a diminutionof
destructivenesstowardproperty.
Disavowal:denial;disclaiming
(vuaxhdj.k] vLohdj.k] budkj djuk)
Synonyms: repudiating, disowning, abstaining,
disallowance,disapproval,
Antonyms: confession, affirmation, assertion,
declaration,attestation,corroboration
Sentence:Hesentmessagewithadisavowalofhis
arrivalintheparty.
Discomfit:puttorout;defeat;embarrass
(ijs'kku djuk] ;kstuk Hkax djuk)
Synonyms:frustrate,perturb,disconcertbaffle,bother,
confound
Antonyms:surrender,yield
Sentence: Younger siblings have an easy time
discomfitingtheirbrothersandsisters.
Discord:lackofharmony;dissonance
(iwQV] vucu gksuk)
Synonyms:conflict,cacophony,disharmony,dissonance
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Antonyms:harmony,agree,cooperation,accord,
Sentence:Sincethefirstmeeting,discordhasbeen
ontherise.
Discrepancy:Conflict(vlaxfr)
Synonyms: difference, inconsistency, incongruity,
variance
Antonyms: Agreement, concurrence, concordance,
harmony,consistency
Sentence:Thereisnodiscrepancyofopinionbetween
myjuniorsandme.
Discretion:prudence;abilitytoadjustactionsto
circumstances (vf/dkj] bZekunkjh] fopkj'khyrk)
Synonyms: acumen, attention, calculation, chary,
circumspection
Antonyms:carelessness,thoughtlessness
Sentence: Everybody appreciates his discretion to
adjustwithhisrelativesandfriends.
Discursive: Rambling (vla c)
Synonyms:deviating,erratic,roaming,wandering
Antonyms:Direct,straightforward,fixed
Sentence: The political candidate was discursive
whenaskedwhathispositionwasonpoverty.
Disembark:goashore(fromaship);unloadcargo
fromaship(mruk] tgkt ls mrkjuk)
Synonyms:anchor,arrive,goashore,land
Antonyms:embark,geton,leave
Sentence:Therepeatbuttonpushersarelikelytrying
toaccomplishthesamethingtodisembarkassoonas
possible.
Disengage:uncouple;separate (NqMk+ uk] vyx djuk)
Synonyms:detach, disconnect, disentangle, disjoin,
dissociate,disunite,divide
Antonyms:couple,engage,unite,join
Sentence:Consequently,itisreasonablyeasyforme
todisengagefromanyofthem.
Disgorge:surrendersomething(stolen)
(oeu djuk] fudky nsuk)
Synonyms:Eject,discharge,vomit
Antonyms:keepdown,contain,restrain
Sentence: After overdirnking Manish started to
disgorge.
Disingenuous:notnaive;notcandid (diVh] [kksVk)
Synonyms: crooked, cunning, deceitful, dishonest,
duplicitous,false,guileful
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Antonyms: artless, ingenuous, undistorted, candid,
open.
Sentence:Theinvitationtocometotheircountryestate
seemeddisingenuoussoshedidnotseriouslyconsider
it.
Disinter:digup('koksR[kuu djuk)
Synonyms:digup,disentomb,expose,unearth
Antonyms:bury,entomb,inhume,inter
Sentence: I was told a story about human remains
disinterred by archeologists working on a local
development.
Dislodge:remove(forcibly)
(gVkuk] edku ls fudky nsuk)
Synonyms:digout,disentangle,dislocate,displace,
eject,extricate,forceout,remove
Antonyms:deposit,lodge,stick,wedge.
Sentence:Useyourthumbtobreakopenthespongy
podsalongtheseamanddislodgethebeansinside.
Dismantle:takeapart;disassemble
(VqdM+s&VqdM+s djuk] rksM+ Mkyuk)
Synonyms: annihilate, decimate, demolish, destroy,
dismember
Antonyms:assemble,build,combine,construct,put
together
Sentence:Ittookquiteafewsawblades,butshehad
thecardismantledinnotime.
Disparage:belittle(cqjkbZ djuk] rqPN le>uk)
Synonyms: defame, degrade, deject, denigrate,
derogate
Antonyms:blandish,glorify,flatter,favor,benefit,laud,
regard
Sentence:Thedisparagingremarkshurtherfeelings.
Disparate:basicallydifferent;impossibletocompare
(izFkd&izFkd)
Synonyms: contrary,contrasting,discordant,
dissimilar,distant,distinct,incompatible
Antonyms:alike,equal,same,similar
S e n t e n c e
Themeet ingof disparatesoulsbri ngswit h
ittheinevitableapologyswap.
Dispassionate:notinfluencedbypersonalfeelings
(vi{kikrh] fu"i{k] /hj)
Synonyms:calm,impartial,composed
Antonyms:emotional,excited,partial,passionate
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Sentence:Millarhasbeenabletowatchtheactionin
the first week from a relatively dispassionate
viewpoint.
Disquietude: uneasiness; anxiety (O;kdqyrk)
Synonyms: anxiety, excitement, restlessness,
uneasiness,unrest
Antonyms:calm,peace,quiet
Sentence: Hecomplainsofseverepainsinthe head,
andgeneraldisquietude.
Dissipate:Expend,spend(viO;; djuk] mM+k nsuk)
Synonyms:waste,squander,lavish
Antonyms:accumulate,collect,gather,hoard
Sentence:Thetinyamountofenergydissipatedgoes
intoheat,barelyenoughtowarmyourbigtoe.
Distraught:upset;distractedbyanxiety
(?kcjk;k gqvk] ijs'kku)
Synonyms:bothered,concerned,distracted,distress
Antonyms:calm,happy,pleased
Sentence: Just after accident she was found upset,
evendistraught.
Diverge:vary;goindifferentdirectionsfromthe
samepoint(fHkUu fn'kkvksa esa tkuk] fHkUu gksuk)
Synonyms:branch,bifurcate,deviate,depart
Antonyms:converge,join,parallel
S e n t e n c e :
Tellstudentsthataspartofevolution,species
canconvergeand divergeovertime.
Divulge:reveal(izdV djuk] [kksy nsuk)
(SSCCGL2012)
Synonyms:disclose
Antonyms:conceal,hide,keep,secret
Sentence:Themurdererwasarrestedandcompelled
todivulgethereality.
Docile: easily managed (v/hu] nCcw] uez)
Synonyms:obedient,submissive
Antonyms: inflexible, stubborn, unyielding,
unmanageable
:
Sentence:Thedocilelionmadetheliontamersjob
tooeasy.
Doddering:shaky;infirmfromoldage
(cq<k+ is ds dkj.k Mxexkrk gqvk)
Synonyms:quiver,shiver,sway,tremble
Antonyms:fit,healthy,young
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Sentence: When she is more than 80, she will be a
dodderingoldwomen.
Dogged:determined;stubborn;stubbornly
persevering (gBh] fth)
Synonyms:determined,tenacious,inflexible
Antonyms:docile,amiable,complaisant,gentle
Sentence:Thefear thathehadforgottensomething
importantdoggedhimallthewayhome.
Dogmatic:Dictatorial,opinionated (gB/ehZ)
Synonyms:bigoted,obstinate,obdurate,stubborn
Antonyms:amenable,flexible,manageable,obedient,
submissive
Sentence:Theoldprofessorwasdogmaticinhisviews
andwouldnotadmiterrorevenwhenhismistakeswere
clear.
Doldrums:Depression (mnklh] eanh)
Synonyms: apathy,blues, boredom,
dejection,disinterest,ennui,gloominess
Antonyms:gayness,humor
Sentence: Due to indifferent attitude of the
Government there are doldrums every where in
society.
Doleful:Sorrowful (ekreh)
Synonyms: Dejected, depressed, gloomy, lament,
lugubrious,mournful,melancholy
Antonyms:cheerful,elated,happy,joyful
Sentence:Afterthemurderoftheheadofthefamily
thereisdolefulenviornment.
Dormant:sleeping;temporarilyinactive(lqLr)
Synonyms:lethargic,latent,comatose,hibernating
Antonyms:active,awake,aware,conscious
Sentence:Thecountryishometobothinactiveand
dormantvolcanoesandispronetoearthquakes.
Dotage:feeblemindednessofoldage
(o`koLFkk dh efr{kh.krk] lfB;kuk)
Synonyms:decrepitude,fatuity,imbecility,infirmity,
senility
Antonyms: childhood, strength, youngness,
youthfulness
Sentence:Thevictors,meanwhile,hungontopower
longintotheirdotage.
Dour:sullen;gloomy;stubborn(dBksj] :[kk)
Synonyms:bleak,saturnine,stringent
Antonyms:bright,cheerful,happy
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Sentence: Itismelancholyanddourandnotalways
easytofollow.
Dubious: Doubtful (lafnX/)
Synonyms: improbable, questionable, skeptical,
suspicious,unclear
Antonyms:certain,definite,reliable,sure,doubtless
Sentence: They admitted the force of my argument
butremaineddubious.
E
Ebullient:Excitedandenthusiastic
(ifjiw.kZ 'kfDr o mRrsftr)
Synonyms:agitated,buoyant,effervescent,effusive
Antonyms:apathetic,disinterested,unenthusiastic
Sentence:Thechildrenwereinanebullientmoodon
Christmaseve.
Eclectic:Acollectionofgreatvariety
(p;u'khy fofHkuu ksrksa ls pquus okyk)
Synonyms:assorted,broad,diverse,heterogeneous
Antonyms:narrow,particular,specific,unvaried
Sentence: He has an eclectic collection of stamps
andcoins.
Edict:decree,officialcommand(vkns'ki=k)
Synonyms:announcement,injunction,mandate
Sentence:Thecitizenswelcomedthisedictwithjoy
Edify:instructorcorrectmorally
(vk;kfRed mins'k nsuk)
Synonyms:advise,apprise,enlighten
Antonyms:confuse,puzzle,obscure,perplex
Sentence:Thepurposeofthemoraleducationsession
wastoedifytheoutgoingclass.
Efface:torubout(feVkuk)
Synonyms:expunge,obliterate,remove,sanitize
Antonyms:retain,maintain,resurrect,regenerate
Sentence:Thedatesontheinscriptionseffacedover
aperiodoftime.
Effete:weakanduseless (v;ksX;] detksj] nqcZy)
Synonyms:impotent,barren,sterile,unfruitful
Antonyms:Powerful,capable,fertile,fruitful
Sentence:Thecommitteewaseffetetotranslatethe
plansintoaction.
Efficacy:powertoproducethedesiredeffect
({kerk)
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Synonyms:adequacy,aptitude,competence,efficiency
Antonyms: failure, inefficacy, inefficiency,
unproductiveness,uselessness,weaknes
Sentence:Theefficacyofthesolutionthatthescientist
hasprovidedcanonlybetestedthroughapracticaltest.
Effrontery:brazen,boldness
(/`"V rFkk fuyZTt O;ogkj)
Synonyms:audacity,gall,impudence,insolence
Antonyms:manners,modesty,shame,shyness
Sentence:Hehadtheeffronterytoadmitinfrontof
theentireclassthathehimselfwasthecauseofthe
entireproblem.
Effusive:tobeveryexpensive,extrovert
(vf/d Hkkoq d )
Synonyms:candid,communicative,expansive,profuse
Antonyms: reserved, reticent, unfriendly,
uninformative,unsociable
Sentence:Hewaseffusiveinherpraiseforthebeauty.
Egalitarian:advocatingfullpoliticalandsocialequity
forallpeople(lekurkoknh)
Synonyms: dispassionate, equable, impartial,
unprejudiced
Antonyms:unequal,unlike,unmatched,variable
Sentence:MahatmaGandhibelievedinanegalitarian
society.
Egregious:conspicuouslybad,offensive
(csgn [kjkc)
Synonyms:atrocious,adorable,heinous,nefarious
Antonyms:minor,secondary,slight
Sentence: The way they made a mockery of that
person was egregious.
Egress:anexit,emergence,apath(cgkj tkuk)
Synonyms:departure,doorway,escape,exodus
Antonyms: entrance
Sentence:Waterissuedfromtheegressinthewall.
Elucidate:tomakesomethingclear(Li"V djuk)
Synonyms:annotate,clarify,exemplify,illuminate
Antonyms:obscure,mystify,ambiguous,confuse
Sentence:ThisbookelucidatesthehistoryofIndia.
Elusive:evasive (nqxzkZ)
Synonyms:ambiguous,baffling,deceptive,fraudulent
Antonyms:attracting,enticing
Sentence:Hiselusivestatementswillnothelpustoa
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clearconlusion.
Emaciated:verythinandmalnourished
(nqcyk@o`Q'k@{kh.k)
Synonyms:atrophy,attenuate,famished,gaunt
Antonyms:fast,heavy,plump
Sentence:Listeningthewoesofemaciatedchildren
wasverypainful.
Emancipate:tosetfree (ca/ueqDr djuk)
Synonyms:liberate,manumit,release,unfetter
Antonyms:hold,imprison,incarcerate
Sentence: The emancipation of women was quite
pronouncedin20thcentury.
Emasculate:toweaken (iksaxk)
Synonyms:alter,debilitate,deprive,mutilate
Antonyms:aid,assist,help
Sentence: The French socialist and communist
literaturewasthuscompletelyemasculated.
Embargo:anylegalrestrictionofcommerce
(O;kikj&izfrjks/ yxkuk)
Synonyms:censorship,injunction,limitation,prohibition
Antonyms:allow,permit
Sentence:Theaimistolifttheembargoonpurely
civilianitems.
Embattled:inaconditionofdefence
(ijs'kkfu;ksa ls f?kjk)
Synonyms:active,aggressive,bellicose,combating
Sentence:Itisnotonlychurchliberalswhohavefelt
embattled over recent decades.
Embellish:todecoratesomethingtomakeit
attractive(ltkuk)
Synonyms:adorn,apparel,array,bedeck
Antonyms:deface,mar,spoil,disfigure
Sentence: Don't embellish the tale with the
superfluous
Embezzle:tosiphonofffunds(xcu djuk)
Synonyms:appropriate,filch,pilfer
Antonyms:redeem,restitute,reimburse,compensate
Sentence:A warrant has been issued for his arrest
becausehehasallegedlyembezzled120millionrupees.
Embroil:toinvolveinaquarrel(my>kuk)
Synonyms:confound,derange,entangle,implicate
Antonyms:exclude,uncomplicate
Sentence:Thetwoofthemaresoonembroiledwith
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wineandwomen.
Embryonic:inadevelopingstate(Hkw.kh;)
Synonyms: blossoming, burgeoning, fledgling,
germinating
Antonyms:developed,grown,mature
Sentence:Embryonicstemcellsarederivedfromthe
innercellmass.
Emissary:agent (nwr)
Synonyms:ambassador,carrier,delegate,envoy
Sentence:ThePMdispatchedanemissarytoBihar
totalktotheCM.
Emollient:softeningorsoothingagent('keudkjh)
Synonyms:application,balsam,ointment,poultice
Antonyms:intolerant,rigorous,severe
Sentence:Emollientcreamscanbeusedtocleanse
theskinduringbathing.
Empathize:torelatetoanotherafterbeingthrough
thesameexperienceyourself
(lekuqHkwfr gksuk)
Synonyms:ally,associate,sympathize,understand
Sentence:Empathizewithpeopledealingwithsuch
problemsbutIrefusetoenablethem.
Encomium:highpraise(iz'kalk)
Synonyms:commendation,panegyric,salutation,tribute
Antonyms:censure,criticism,reprimand
Sentence:Onlythepeoplewholikeflatteryarepleased
withencomium.
Endemic:prevalentinorrestrictedtoaparticular
locality(LFkkfudk)
Synonyms:indigenous,native,primary,primeval
Sentence: Diseases that had been epidemic became
endemicinurbancenters.
Enervate:todepriveofstrength,force,vigour
(grksRlkfgr djuk)
Synonyms:debilitate,fatigue,incapacitate,weary
Antonyms: activate, empower, invigorate, energize,
strengthen
Sentence:TheheatofJune'safternonenervatesany
onetocontinuework.
Engaging:tobepleasantandinteresting(fnypLi)
Synonyms:alluring,appealing,bewitching,captivating
Antonyms:boring,uninteresting
Sentence: I found the short stories more engaging
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thanthepoetry.
Enigma:ariddle(igsyh)
Synonyms:bewilderment,parable,secret,sphinx
Sentence:Don'thaveanenigma.Pleasesayclearly.
Ennui:boredom(mQc)
Synonyms:apathy,dejection,doldrums,languor
Antonyms:enthusiasm,excitement,liveliness,vigor
Sentence: In any event, changing perspectives also
failstotreatennui.
Enormity:verywickedact (Hk;kogrk)
Synonyms: abomination, atrociousness, depravity,
flagrancy
Antonyms:goodness
Sentence:Enormityofthetragedydidnotcomeall
atonce.
Enterprising:resourceful (mRlkgh] m|eh)
Synonyms:active,adventurous,aggressive,ambitious
Antonyms:inactive,passive
Sentence:All these factors make businesses more
enterprisingandpopular.
Enthrall:holdspellbound(eksfgr djuk)
Synonyms:enchant,capture,ravish,delight
Antonyms:bore,dull,weary
Sentence:IwasutterlyenthralledbyapaperbackI
readrecently.
Entice:lure (yqHkkuk)
Synonyms:attract,beguile,entrap,inveigle
Antonyms:repel,dissuade,disgust
Sentence: Enticed by prospect of being rich soon
Mohanwasreadytodoanycrime.
Entreat:plead(vuqu;&fou; djuk)
Synonyms:beg,beseech,conjure,exhort
Antonyms:command,demand
Sentence:Entreattheattentionofthehousetoit.
Enunciate:speakdistinctly,articulate
(Li"V :i ls dguk)
Synonyms:affirm,articulate,intone,modulate
Antonyms:mispronounce,muffle,mumble
Sentence:Thepriestenunciatedallthemantras on
theeveofmarriage.
Ephemeral:shortlived({k.kHkaxqj)
Synonyms:episodic,evanescent,fleeting,transient
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Antonyms:enduring,everlasting,permanent,perpetual
Sentence:Itissaidthatlifeisephemeral.
Epicure:onewhoenjoysandhasadiscriminating
asteforfinefoodanddrink(Loknyksyqi)
Synonyms: connoisseur, gastronome, gourmand,
hedonist
Sentence:Hisdailylivingbeingveryplain,hehada
peculiartasteforsuddenandisolatedluxuries;hewas
anabstemiousepicure.
Epitome:thebestrepresentativeofsomething
(lk{kkr~ mnkgj.k)
Synonyms: apotheosis, archetype, embodiment,
exemplar
Antonyms: increment, expansion, lengthen,
enlargement
Sentence: We regret that we can only give a brief
epitomeofthisinterestingdocument.
Epoch:aparticularperiodofhistory(;qx)
Synonyms:era,interim,lifetime,span
Sentence: His paper, published in 1847, marked an
epochinthehistoryofnaturalscience.
Equanimity:calmandbalanced (/S;Z)
Synonyms:aplomb,assurance,composure,detachment
Antonyms:agitation,alarm,anxiety,upset,worry
Sentence:Everysensationiscontemplatedinperfect
equanimity.
Equivocal:uncertain,doubtful(vfo'oluh;)
Synonyms:ambiguous,ambivalent,dubious,evasive
Antonyms:obvious,lucidclear,plain
Sentence: However, this evidence should not be
consideredequivocal.
Erudite:learned (fonokk)
Synonyms:cultured,educated,scholastic
Antonyms:common,ignorant,uncultured,uneducated
Sentence:EverybodyknowsthatDr.RajendraPrasad
was an erudite.
Eschew:avoid(nwj jguk)
Synonyms:abandon,abjure,abstain,evade
Antonyms:embrace,like,love
Sentence:Hefocusesonthekernel,andoncodeand
quality,andalmostcompletelyeschewspolitics.
Esoteric:understandonlybyachosenfew(xksiuh;)
Synonyms:abstruse,cabalistic,inscrutable,obscure
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Antonyms:common,familiar,known,obvious,public
Sentence:EsotericBuddhismexaminesvariousextant
Japanesetwoworldmandalas.
Espouse:adopt,support(xzg.k djuk)
Synonyms:accept,advocate,champion,embrace
Antonyms:forsake,reject
Sentence:TheteachingofLordKrishnaisespoused
byalltheHindus.
Ethereal:light;heavenly(LofxZd)
Synonyms:aerial,celestial,exquisite,gossamer
Antonyms:earthly,worldly
Sentence:Etherealcreatureawakens,fromsoftened
clay.
Eulogy:topraisehighly(iz'kalk)
SSCCGL2012)
Synonyms:acclaim,celebrate,exalt,panegyric
Antonyms:calumny,condemnation,criticism
Sentence:Abriefeulogyhadbeenproducedbefore
thePMarrived.
Evocative:toproducepleasantmemoriesand
emotions(;kn rktk djus okyk)
Synonyms:implicative,mnemonic,nostalgic,redolent
Antonyms:forgetful,oblivious
Sentence:Ifeltthatthetitleneededtobecomemore
evocative.
Exacerbate:toaggravate (pain, annoyance) (fcxkM+
nsuk)
Synonyms:annoy,enrage,exasperate,intensify
Antonyms:aid,comfort,help,soothe
Sentence:ThespeechofKejariwalexacerbatedthe
planningofAnna.
Excoriate:tocriticizeseverelyinpublic
([kky fudkyuk)
Synonyms:berate,castigate,censure,chastise
Antonyms:compliment,laud,praise
Sentence:Theactofbeingindifferenttocontrolprice
risingisexcoriatedbyall.
Exhume:digoutoftheground
(i`Foh [kksn dj fudkyuk)
Synonyms:disentomb,unearth
Antonyms:bury
Sentence:Iheardtodaythattheyveevenexhumed
thebodyofpopejohn!
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Exigency:asituationcallingforimmediateattention
(;kukd"kZ.k)
Synonyms:acuteness,constraint,contingency,crisis
Antonyms:easiness
Sentence:Theexigencyofpatientshealthprevented
thedoctorfromleavingtheward.
Exiguous: scanty (vYi)
Synonyms:diminutive,inadequate,meager,negligible
Antonyms:plenty,alot
Sentence: In audumn there are exiguous leaves in
thetree.
Exonerate:Clearfromblame(nks"keqDr djuk)
(SSCCGL2011)
Synonyms:Absolve,acquit,exculpate,free,liberate,
release,pardon
Antonyms:Accuse,blame,charge,incriminate
Sentence:Youwillneedproofthatyouarenotguilty
of the crime before police will exonerate you from
blame.
Exorbitant:goingbeyondthatisreasonable
(cgqr T;knk)
Synonyms:exacting,excessive,expensive,immoderate
Antonyms:cheap,inexpensive,moderate,reasonable
Sentence:Exorbitantpriceyoucanpayforworryin
termsofyourhealth.
Expedient:inclinedtowardsmethodsormeansthat
areadvantageousratherthanfairorjust (O;kogkfjd)
Synonyms: advantageous, advisable, appropriate,
beneficial
Antonyms:unprofitable
Sentence: The re-use of existing sites would be
politicallyexpedient.
Expiate:tomakeamendsforsomethingyouhave
done(izk;f'pr djuk)
Synonyms:absolve,atone,rectify,redeem
Sentence:Iwouldliketoexpiateformymistakes.
Extant:stillexisting(orZeku)
Synonyms:current,existence,immediate,subsisting
Antonyms:dead,extinct,gone
Sentence: The earliest extant record of prehistoric
manisstillpreservedinthemuseum.
Extempore:offhand,withlittlepreparation
(fcuk rS;kjh ds)
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Synonyms: improvised, impromptu, spontaneous,
unprepared
Antonyms:deliberately,planned,prepared,rehearsed
Sentence:Thespeakersextemporespeechreceived
astandingovation.
Extol:laud(cgqr izlUu gksuk)
Synonyms:acclaim,applaud,eulogize,exalt
Antonyms:Reprimand,rebuke,condemn,dishonor,
disgrace,degrade,denounce
Sentence:TheRamayanaextolsthevirtuesofLord
Rama.
Extradition:surrenderofaprisonerbyonestateto
another(izR;iZ.k)
Synonyms:displacement,exile,expatriation,expulsion
Sentence:The extradition of accused was strongly
opposedbyhisdefencelawyer.
Extricate:tofree,disentangle(NqM+kuk)
Synonyms:clear,deliver,detach,extract
Antonyms:implicate,incriminate,embroil,inculpate
Sentence: Hecouldnotextricatehimselffromthe
trap.
Exult:tocelebrateavictory(cgqr izlUu gksuk)
Synonyms:delighted,cheer,jubilate,rejoice
Antonyms:deplore,lament,bemoan,greive
Sentence:Theplayersexultedattheirsuccessinthe
competition.
F
Fabricate:toinventastoryandcheatsomeone
(cukuk)
Synonyms:brainstorm,compose,concoct,devise
Antonyms:break,demolish,destroy,ruin
Sentence:Fabricatecompositenanostructuresfrom
thesematerials.
Facade:togiveamisleadingoutward(eq[kkSVk)
Synonyms:exterior,frontage,pretense,veneer
Antonyms:interior,reality
Sentence:Thetrendtowardglazedfacadesillustrated
theimportanceofgooddesign.
Facetious:tomakelightremarksonagrave
situation,tongueincheek(el[kjk)
Synonyms:blithe,Humorous,comic,banter,frivolous,
irreverent
Antonyms:formal,grave,serious
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Sentence:Imsureyourealizediwasonlybeingvery
facetious.
Facile:nothardtodo,effortless(ljy)
Synonyms:accomplished,adept,adroit,dexterous
Antonyms:arduous,difficult,complicated,confusing,
profound
Sentence: It has been used here in a very facile
manner,veryarrogantly.
Factious:inclinedtoformfactions(dygfiz;)
Synonyms:alienated,hostile,insubordinate,mutinous
Antonyms:cooperative,peaceful,united
Sentence:Thelegislative bodyof the congresswas
perpetually unable to accomplish much due to the
factiouspoliticalnatureofitsmembers.
Factitious:notgenuine,producedbyhumanrather
thannaturalforces (udyh)
Synonyms:artificial,counterfeit,fraudulent,spurious,
specious
Antonyms:actual,genuine,real
Sentence:Thegirl,whowasofguiltyofcopying,had
afactitioussmileonherfacewhenaskedaboutit.
Fallacious:misleading,equivocating(xyr)
Synonyms:erroneous,inaccurate,deceptive,specious
Antonyms: correct, accurate, precise, unerring,
flawless
Sentence: Fallacious belief that one can separate
moralissuesfromeconomicones.
Fallow:uncultivated(catj)
Synonyms:unploughed,untilled,virgin
Antonyms:cultivated,developed
Sentence: They are used on land, which would be
otherwisebeingleftfallow.
Fatuous: very silly (cqfghu)
Synonyms:stupid,inane,imbecilic,asinine,infantile
Antonyms:aware,bright,intelligent,keen,smart
Sentence:Thenheturnedhisownratherfatuousface
tothecompany.
Fawning:courtingfavourbycringingandflattering
(pkiywl)
Synonyms: obsequious, servile, sycophantic,
ingratiating,unctuous
Antonyms:ignore,criticize
Sentence:Thekingalwayshadalotofpeopleinhis
courtwhocouldbejustpassedoffaasfawningadmires.
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Fecund:Productive (moZj)
Synonyms:Prolific,generative,fertile
Antonyms:impotent,sterile,unfruitful,unproductive
Sentence:Blacksoilisfecundforthegrowthofcotton.
Felicity:Happiness,bliss(vkuan)
Synonyms:joy,rupture,euphoria,cheer
Antonyms:grief,misery,sorrow
Sentence:Thefelicityoftheoccasionwascontagious.
Felony:Amajorcrimesuchasmurderetc.
(?kksj vijk/)
Synonyms:misdemeanor,wrongdoing,offence
Sentence:Felonydeservescapitalpunishment.
Feral:wildandundomesticated(taxyh)
Synonyms:savage,barbarous
Antonyms:domestic,gentle
Sentence: Whenever you give the cubs food they
becomeveryferal.
Ferret:Tosearchanddriveout([kkstuk)
Synonyms:rummage,forage,ransack,explore
Sentence:Theyareferretedoutofthat cache.
Fervent:ardent,hot (rh{.k)
(SSCCGL2010)
Synonyms:impassioned,vehement,profound,fanatical
Antonyms:cool,discouraged,impassive,uncaring
Sentence: She wished fervently that he would be
besideheratthisverymoment.
Fervid: (izpM
a )
Synonyms:fervent,vehement,avid
Antonyms:half-hearted
Sentence:Hisfervidenthusiasmforworkresultedin
hisrapidgrowthintheorganization.
Fetid:Stinking(cncwnkj)
Synonyms:malodorous,reeking,pungent,noxious
Antonyms:aromatic,clean,fragrant
Sentence:Anywoundifnottakencareofmaybecome
fetid.
Fetter:Toconfine,toputinchains(csM+h)
Synonyms:shackle,manacle,handcuff,tether
Antonyms:free,loose,release
Sentence:Iamnotfetteredbyadorationofyourtravel
plans.
Fiat:Acommand(O;oLFkki=k)
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Synonyms:Decree,edict,injunction,dictum
Antonyms:question,request
Sentence: Fiat reserve currency can accrue great
economicbenefits.
Fidelity:Loyalty(fu"Bk)
(SSCAuditor2005)
Synonyms:faithfulness,devotion
Antonyms:enmity,disloyality
Sentence:AsingleWebsterwilldeliverstereofidelity
byjustusingonespeaker.
Fiend:Evil,inhuman(fi'kkp)
Synonyms:demon,incubus
Antonyms:angel,friend
Sentence:He issofiend that hecannot be agood Sentence:Heshowsadmirableforbearanceinmost
friend.
Filch:Tosteal(pqjkuk)
Synonyms:pilfer,purloin,embezzle
Antonyms:give,contribute
Sentence:Modernwritersgenerallyfilchthematerials
ofeminentswriters.
Finesse:Skill,expertise (pkykdh)
Synonyms:Flair,knack,panache,adroitness
Antonyms:unskilled,artlessness,simplicity
Sentence: He has no technical finesse so he can't
operateacomputer.
Flaccid:Flabby (f'kfFky)
Synonyms:sagging,drooping,infirm,slack
Antonyms:firm,tight
Sentence:Hislackoffactsmadeforaratherflaccid
argument.
Flagrant:Outrageous,scandalous(fuUnuh;)
Synonyms:blatant,conspicuous
Antonyms:modest,discreet,unnoticeable,unobtrusive
Sentence:Hisdeedsaretoflagranttobepraised.
Flatulent:Pompous,exaggerated(iwQyk gqvk)
Synonyms:grandiose,bombastic
Antonyms:brief
Sentence:IavoideatingchiliwhenImoutbecauseit
makesmeflatulent.
Fluster:Toconfuse,unsettle,unnerve
(O;kdqy dj nsuk)
Synonyms:agitate,ruffle,perturb,nonplus
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Antonyms:calm,comfort,peace
Sentence:Beforegettingtooflusteredaskyourself
somequestionsandseeifyoucanfigureoutwhythis
ishappening.
Foment:Instigate(mdlkuk)
Synonyms:Provoke,spur,stimulate,agitate,arouse
Antonyms:Discourage,dissuade
Sentence:Inordertoescapeprisontheprisonershad
tofomentariottodistracttheguards.
Forbearance: Patience (/S;Z)
(SSCS.O.2001)
Synonyms:tolerance,endurance,fortitude
Antonyms:continuation,indulgence,intolerance
ofthecriticalsituations.
Forlorn:Sadandlonely(vlgk;)
Synonyms:despondent,morose,doleful,despairing
Antonyms:cheerful,happy,joy
Sentence:Nowthetreesstandforlorninthegathering
gloom.
Formidable:Threatening(Mjkouk)
Synonyms: intimidating, menacing, petrifying,
redoubtable
Antonyms:feeble,friendly,harmless
Sentence:Nothingseemsmoreformidabletomethan
tryingtoclimboverabibleverse.
Fortitude:Braveandcalm (lkgl)
Synonyms:courage,resilience,mettle,intrepidity
Antonyms:weakness,helplessness,cowardice
Sentence:Fortitudeofcharacterisnotalwaysfound
inthemostlikelyplaces.
Fortuitous:happeningbychance (vkdfLed)
Synonyms:unforeseen,unanticipated,accidental
Antonyms:calculated,deliberate,intentional,planned
Sentence: Whether this coincidence of location is
purelyfortuitousremainsunclear.
Fracas:anoisyfight(iQlkn)
Synonyms:quarrel,brawl,tussle,melee
Antonyms:calm,harmony,peace
Sentence:First timeisaw billywasduring thelast
littlefracas.
Fractious:Irritable,stubborn(>xMkyw)
Synonyms:irritable,testy,waspish,splenetic
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Antonyms:agreeable,happy,nice,complaisant
Sentence: Differences feel that things are getting a
bitfractious.
Fulminate:Tocriticizeveryangrily
(fctyh dh rjg dkSa/uk] vR;f/d vkykspuk)
Synonyms:protest,rail,inveigh,thunder
Antonyms:compliment,defend,flatter,praise,support
Sentence: People are compelled to fulminate the
governmentfornotcheckingpricerising.
Fulsome:Exaggeratedorexcessive (mck nsuo s kyk)
Synonyms:profuse,liberal,overdone
Antonyms:reasonable,sincere
Sentence: He is in the habit of paying fulsome
compliments.
Furbish:Torenovate (pedkuk)
Synonyms:furnish,equip
Antonyms:spoil
Sentence:Theoldtempleisbeingfurbishedforthe
upcomingfestivals.
Furtive:Secretiveandsly(xqIRk)
Synonyms:stealthy,secret,clandestine,covert,sneaky,
surreptitious
Antonyms:open,frank,candid,direct
Sentence:Atsocial gatherings shesalwayslurking
ontheedgeoftheproceedingslookingslightlyfurtive.
G
Gaffe:socialblunder(vf'k"Vrk] xyriQgeh)
Synonyms:fauxpas,mistake,solecism,peccadillo
Antonyms:manners,civility
Sentence:Perryvowstostayincampaignafterdebate
gaffe.
Gainsay:todeclareuntrueorinvalid(pqukSrh nsuk)
Synonyms:opposed,contradict,refute,combat,negate,
deny
Antonyms:agree,concur
Sentence: During the debate, one speaker tried to
gainsaytheopponentabouteachstatementmadeabout
thetopic.
Gamut:Entirerange(laiw.kZ foLrkj)
Synonyms:area,diapason,scale,spectrum
Sentence: Dinkar depicts the gamut of human
emotionsinhispoem.
Garbled:mixedup(vLi"V)
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Synonyms:confuse,distort,jumble
Antonyms:clear,plain,straight
Sentence:Whenheisnervous,hisspeechbecomes
garbled.
Gargantuan:huge(fo'kky] fo'kkydk;)
Synonyms:big, colossal,enormous, giant, gigantic,
mammoth,massive
Antonyms:small,little,puny,dwarf
Sentence:Threedecadeson,hedoesprettymuchthe
samething,butonagargantuanscale.
Garnish:decorate;addagarnishto
(laokuk] ltkuk] vyao`Qr djuk)
(SSCAuditor2005)
Synonyms:adornment,ornament
Antonyms:deface,deform,disfigure,mar,spoil
Sentence:Thegarnishontheplatewasreallyquite
artisticinitsarrangement.
Garrulous:talkative(xIih] >Ddh] ckrwuh)
(SSCCGL2012)
Synonyms:loquacious,wordy,prattle,gossipy,chatty.
Antonyms: concise, reserved, silent, taciturn,
untalkative
Sentence: Philosophers are a garrulousand
argumentativespecies.
Gauche:clumsy(insocialbehavior);coarseand
uncouth(iwQgM+] iwQgM+ ;k Hkn~nk)
Synonyms:awkward,crude,graceless,ill-mannered
Antonyms: elegant, graceful, mannerly, polished,
refined,sophisticated
Sentence:Itwasconsideredquitegauchetotalkduring
thesymphonyconcert.
Gavel:hammerliketool
(uhyke djusokys dh eqaxjh] Hkwfe dk yxku ;k dj)
Synonyms:hammer,mallet
Sentence:Thejudgerappedthegaveltogainorder
inthecourt.
Genesis:beginning;origin(vkjaHk fcanq] mRifk)
Synonyms: birth, commencement, generation,
inception,opening,origin
Antonyms: cessation, closure, stop, termination,
conclusion,end
Sentence:Thegenesisofmost poetspoemsliesin
theirownemotions.
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Geniality:cheerfulness;kindliness;sympathy
(lTturk] lkSgknZ)
(SSCCGL2011)
Synonyms:affability,agreeability,amiability,cordiality
Antonyms: aloofness, coldness, unfriendliness,
unhappiness
Sentence:Sherecalledthegenialityofsomeonewho
lovedhisfamilyandearnedtherespectofpeopleinthe
community.
Genteel:well-bred (f'k"V] lH;] lq'khy)
Synonyms: elegant, chivalrous, civil, courteous,
cultivated
Antonyms: rough, rude, uncultured, unrefined,
unsophisticated
Sentence:Thosearefightingwords,intheordinarily
genteelworldofdefensecontracting.
Gentry:peopleofstanding(rankorposition)(dqyhu
yksx] 'kjhiQ vkneh)
Synonyms:aristocracy,highsociety
Antonyms:commoners,crowd,masses
Sentence:Inthatsectionofthecountry,mostofthe
gentryownhorsesforahobby.
Geriatrics:medicaltreatmentandcareofoldage
(tjkfpfdRlk)
Synonyms: agedness, debility, decrepitude, dotage,
feebleness
Antonyms:adolescence,childhood,infancy,youth
Sentence:Geriatricsisanincreasinglyimportantfield
ofstudyinmedicineandscience.
Gesticulation:adeliberateandvigorousgestureor
motion(vaxfo{ksi] b'kkjk)
Synonyms:expression,gesture,mime
Antonyms: immobility, repose, rest, stagnation,
stiffness,stillness
Sentence: The opening storm scene is over-the-top
gesticulationunderbeautifuldirectorialcontrol.
Ghastly:horrible;terrifying;resemblingghosts
([kjkc] fodV] e`R;q&lk)
Synonyms: abhorrent, appalling, ashen, awful,
cadaverous,frightening
Antonyms:attractive,pleasant,wonderful
Sentence: There was wild and ghastlyscenery all
aroundher,andahomeandcomfortnowhere.
Gibberish:nonsense;babbling(cseryc 'kCn)
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Synonyms:babble,chatter,jabber
Antonyms:sensible,straighttalk
Sentence: He toggles between gibberishand smut,
self-loathingandsmacktalk,butneverquitemanages
tosoundsincere.
Gingerly:verycarefully (lko/kuh ls] /hjs ls)
Synonyms:cautious,chary,circumspect,considerate
Antonyms:careless,inattentive
Sentence: He tried to reach Vaishno Devi temple
gingerly.
Glare:shineintenselyandblindingly
(peduk] jks'kuh)
Synonyms:blaze,dazzle,flare,glow
Antonyms:dullness,blackness,darkness,dusk
Sentence:Itwasdifficulttoseetheroadbecauseof
theglareofthesunonthewindshield.
Glean:gatherleavings(cVksjuk] chuuk)
Synonyms:accumulate,amass,garner,gather
Antonyms:disassemble,disperse,scatter,separate
Sentence: The bat can catch prey in flight, or may
gleanforagefromvegetationandontheground.
Glimmer:shineerratically;twinkle
(>yd] fVefVekuk)
Synonyms:glow,inkling,scintillation,shimmer
Antonyms:dullness
Sentence: The sparkle of a lovers secret or the
glimmerofapromisekept.
Glossy:smoothandshining (pedhyk] fpduk)
(SSCCGL2011)
Synonyms:glassy,lustrous,polished
Antonyms:unattractive,dull,unglazed,lackluster
Sentence:Thetablewaspolisheduntilitwasclean
and glossy.
Glower:lookorstareangrily
(ozqQ n`f"V] vka[ksa rjsj dj ns[kuk] rjsjuk)
Synonyms:glare,scowl,stare
Antonyms:grin,smile,cheer
Sentence: The child would often glower when the
homeworkwastoodifficult.
Glutinous:sticky(xksn
a tSlk] fpifpik)
Synonyms: viscous, gluey, adhesive, gelatinous,
tenacious,thick
Antonyms: nonadhesive, free, loose, separable,
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nonviscous.
Sentence:Breaddoughcanbecomeaglutinousmass
ifyouarenotcarefulwhilekneadingit.
Gnarled:twisted(xkaBnkj] eqMk+ gqvk] Vs<+k vkSj l[r)
Synonyms: bent, contorted, crooked, deformed,
distorted
Antonyms:straight,unbent,untwisted
Sentence:Theotherpaintingshowedagnarledtree
standingontheprecipiceinaruggedcanyon.
Gnome:undergroundspiritwhoguardstreasure
hoards(xM+s [ktkus dk j{kd ckSuk)
Synonyms:dwarf
Antonyms:giant
Sentence:Mostofthesesmallgardensarebeautifully
keptandthegardengnomehasprideofplace.
Gourmet:connoisseuroffoodanddrink(Lokfn"V]
Hkkstu ialn djus okyk] vPNs [kku&iku dk tkudkj)
Synonyms:epicure,connoisseur
Antonyms:glutton,gorger,overeater,stuffer
Sentence: He considered himself a gourmet chef
because he could make some very fancy pastry
desserts.
Grandiloquent:usinghighsoundinglanguage
(vkMacjiw.kZ] 'kCnkMacjiw.kZ)
Synonyms:pompous,bombastic,inflated
Sentence:Hetalksinagrandiloquentandboastful
manner.
Grapple:wrestle;cometogripswith
(gkFkkikbZ] idM+uk)
Synonyms:attack,battle,combat,encounter
Antonyms:release,concord,harmony,peace.
Sentence:Theynevergrapplewithideas,ortrynew
waysofdoingthings
Gratify:please;satisfy
('kkURk djuk] iwjk djuk] larq"V djuk)
Synonyms:appease
Antonyms:dissatisfy,annoy
Sentence: Students were never satisfied with the
teacherbecausehenevergratifiedthem.
Gratis:free;withoutcharge (fcuk ewY; dk] csnke)
Synonyms:complimentary,freeofcharge,gratuitous
Antonyms:costly,expensive,high-priced
Sentence: The orphans were allowed in the theatre
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gratis.
Grievance:causeofcomplaint
(f'kdk;r] vU;k;] nq[kgsrq)
Synonyms:affliction,distress,grief
Antonyms:compliment,flattery,praise
Sentence:Tohaveagrievanceistohaveapurpose
inlife
Grimace:facialdistortiontoshowfeelingsuchas
pain(nkar fudkyuk] eqag cukuk)
Synonyms:frown,smile,smirk
Antonyms:grin,laugh,smile.
Sentence: Realizing the mistake, he made a mock
grimace,andanaidepointedtheway.
Grisly:ghastly;horrifying(Mjkouh] Hk;kud)
Synonyms:appalling,dreadful,frightful
Antonyms:nice,pleasing,pretty
Sentence: So far there have been four such
grislykillingsandninepeoplehavebeenarrested.
Grotesque:fantastic;comicallyhideous
(valxr] fo"k;e] gkL;izn] cs<x
a k cuk gqvk)
(SSCCGL2010)
Synonyms:abnormal,absurd,bizarre,eerie
Antonyms:beautiful,nice,pretty,shapely
Sentence:Whilethesetumorscanappeargrotesque,
notallaremalignant.
Grouse:complain
(f'kdk;r djuk] cM+cM+kuk] HkquHkqukuk)
Synonyms:fuss,grumble,grouch
Antonyms:applaud,approve,praise
Sentence:Huntersspeakofharvestingdeerorducks
orgrouseorrabbits.
Gruff:rough-mannered;(ofavoice)rough
(dBksj] ddZ'k] :[kk)
(SSCAuditor2011)
Synonyms:blunt,boorish,churlish,crude,
Antonyms:even-tempered,happy,nice,polite
Sentence:Parentsmustnotuseagrufflanguagewith
theirkids.
Guffaw:boisterouslaughter(Bgkdk yxkuk)
Synonyms:laughter
Antonyms:cry,groan,moan,sob
Sentence: The night is filled with laughter and the
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occasionalgroanandguffaw.
Guile:deceit;duplicity(Ny&diV] /wrZrk)
Synonyms:artfulness,artifice,chicanery,craftiness,
cunning,deception
Antonyms:honesty,naivety,openness,sincerity
Sentence:ThespeakerseemedtobefullofguilesoI
didnotbelieveawordofthespeech
Gullible:easilydeceived
(Hkksyk Hkkyk] vklkuh ls mYyw cuus okyk)
Synonyms:naive,innocent
Antonyms:astute,discerning,knowledgeable,wise
Sentence:Hesaguywhomadehundredsofmillions
usingfakescienceandcheapemotiontodupegullible
juries.
Gusto:eagerenjoyment(vkuUn] mRlkg] tks'k)
Synonyms:zest,enthusiasm,ardor,delight,enjoyment
Antonyms:apathy,reluctance,unenthusiasm
Sentence:Hewasinthemiddleoftellingatalewith
great gusto.
H Hapless:unfortunate;luckless
Haggard:wastedaway;gaunt
(lq[kk gqvk] Fkdk gkjk)
Synonyms:emaciated,faded,fatigued,gaunt,lank,lean
Antonyms:fresh,healthy,strong
Sentence: After returning from office, he is found
fullyhaggard.
Haggle:argueaboutprices(inanattemptto
bargain)(eksyHkko djuk] c[ksM+k djuk)
Synonyms:argue,bargain,barter,deal
Antonyms:agree,comply,concur
Sentence:Yourcorrespondentsgrandfathertaughthim
alwaystohaggle.
Halcyon:calm;peaceful([kq'kxokj)
Synonyms:gentle,happy,harmonious,quiet,soothing
Antonyms: excited, fierce, frenzied, rough, stormy,
violent,wild
Sentence:Myheartislikearainbowshellthatpaddles
inahalcyonsea.
Hallowed:blessed;consecrated(ifo=k] izfrf"Br)
Synonyms:anointed,beatified,blessed,holy,inviolable,
sacred, sacrosanct
Antonyms:desecrated,irreligious,profane
Sentence: Controversial proposals, once accepted,
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soonbecomehallowed.
Hallucination:delusion;falseidea
(Hkze] Hkwy pwd] efrHkze)
Synonyms:aberration,illusion,mirage
Antonyms:experience,fact,reality,truth
Sentence:Someonewhotravelsinthedesertmight
haveahallucinationofaswimmingpool.
Hamper:preventthefreemovementof
(ck/k Mkyuk] #dkoV iSnk djuk)
Synonyms:obstruct,hinder
Antonyms:free,liberate,release,untie,loosen
Sentence: It would hamper the runners if the
refreshmentstationwastooclosetotheroad.
Haphazard:random;happeninginanunplanned
manner(vdLekr] la;ksx ls)
Synonyms:accidental,bychance,aimless
Antonyms:intentional,organized,planned
Sentence:Firsthemadehaphazardtanglesoffibers
activatedbychargedliquids.
(vHkkxk] csulhc] n;uh;)
Synonyms:cursed,loser,unlucky,miserable
Antonyms:fortunate,lucky
Sentence:Kickingtheballintoyourowngoalwasa
hapless mistake.
Harangue:long,passionate,andvehementspeech
(mxz Hkk"k.k nsuk] o.kZu)
Synonyms:diatribe,speech
Antonyms:silence,speechless,stillness,taciturn
Sentence:Hesawonderfultalker,whohastheartof
tellingyounothinginagreatharangue.
Harbinger:forerunner(whichforeshadowswhatis
tocome)(vxqvk] vxzxkeh)
Synonyms: augury, forerunner, omen, portent,
precursor
Antonyms:follower
Sentence: Oil prices are seen as an indication of
currentinflation,andgoldpricesaharbingeroffuture
inflation.
Harping:tiresomedwellingonasubject
(chu ctkuk] fVdk jguk)
Synonyms:dwell,reiterate,repeat
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Sentence: People become house builders through
buildinghouses,harpplayersthroughplayingtheharp.
Harrowing:agonizing;traumatic([kkSiQukd)
Synonyms:distressing,alarming,disturbing,painful
Antonyms:calming,pleasant,unfrightening
Sentence:Beingstrandedoutdoorswhenlightningis
strikingnearbyisaharrowingexperience.
Harry:torment(byrepeatedattacks)
(ckj&ckj vkozQe.k djuk] lrkuk] rax djuk)
Synonyms:harass,annoy,attack
Antonyms:aid,assist,help,support
Sentence:Weusemountedraidstoharrytheenemy.
Hazardous:dangerous ([krjukd] nSok/hu] tksf[ke
dk)
Synonyms:precarious,risky,uncertain,
Antonyms:certain,guarded,protected,safe,secure
Sentence: These verses may be hazardous to your
solemnity.
Hazy:slightlyobscure (vfuf'pr] vLi"V] /qa/yk)
Synonyms:misty,clear,bleary,blurred,clouded,dim,
dull,dusky,faint
Antonyms:clear,sunny,uncloudy,unhazy
Sentence: Evolutionary biology is a hazy, sketchy
scienceindeed.
Heckler:personwhoverballyharassesothers (iz'u
iwNus okyk] rax djus okyk)
Synonyms:agitator,dissident,militant,radical,rebel,
revolutionist
Antonyms:cheer,encourage,help,promote,support
Sentence: It is rude to heckle a speaker during a
debate.
Heedless:notnoticing;disregarding (vlko/ku)
Synonyms: disregardful, inattentive, incautious,
inconsiderate
Antonyms: attentive, careful, caring, cautious,
thoughtful
Sentence: We loved the heedlessrisk, the shows
muskofcomicdanger.
Heinous:hatefullybad (vfrnq"V] dMqvk] ?kksj)
Synonyms:atrocious,wicked,abhorrent,abominable,
execrable
Antonyms: glorious, good, lovely, magnificent,
wonderful
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Sentence:Suchabrutalandheinouscrimedeserves
themaximumprisonsentence.
Hermetic:sealedbyfusionsoastobeairtight (can]
ok;q#] gok can)
Synonyms:airtight,impervious,sealed,shut,tight
Sentence: Hermeticstorage bags are commercially
available that when sealed are impervious to gas
exchange.
Heterodox:(ofbeliefs)againstacceptedopinion
('kkL=k fo#)
Synonyms:unorthodox,unconventional,iconoclastic,
skeptical
Antonyms:customary,normal,standard,usual
Sentence:Peoplebelongingtothatchurchwereable
tobringupheterodoxopinionstobediscussedamong
theothermembers.
Heterogeneous:consistingofdissimilarelements
or plants (fofo/)
Synonyms:dissimilar,mixed,discordant,disparate
Antonyms:homogeneous,identical,pure,uniform
Sentence:Thesupportersofthatcandidatewerevery
heterogeneous.
Heyday:timeofgreatestsuccessorpower
(pje le`f dh voLFkk)
Synonyms: acme, culmination, high point, peak,
pinnacle,prime
Antonyms:lowpoint
Sentence:Theheydayofhisbusinessbroughtgreat
pleasuretohimandhisfamily.
Hiatus:gaporinterruptioninspaceortime;break
(varjky] ozQeHkax fNnz)
Synonyms:gap,pause,interim,interval
Antonyms:continuity
Sentence: They took a brief hiatus during the
conferencetodiscussanimportantsideissue.
Hibernate:sleepthroughoutthewinter ('khrLoki]
lqLrh esa tkM+k fcrkuk)
Synonyms:hide,laytorpid,sleep,vegetate
Antonyms:grow,strengthen
Sentence:Manykindsofcreatureshibernateforthe
winter,grizzlybearsbeingthemostwell-known.
Hirsute:hairy;havingalotofhair(ckynkj] jks;an
s kj)
Synonyms:disordered,feathery,hairy,leafy
Antonyms:bald,neat
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Sentence: Bears become even more hirsute during
thefallandwinterthantheyareduringthesummer
Histrionic:theatrical (ukVdh;] ukVd laca/h)
Synonyms: melodramatic, overacting, overplayed,
theatrical,thespian
Sentence:Thatplaywasabittoohistrionicformy
tastes.
Hoard:stockpile;accumulateforfutureuse([ktkuk
xqIr /u] dks"k] bdV~Bk djuk)
Synonyms:accumulation,agglomeration,aggregation,
amassment,collection,conglomeration
Antonyms: expend, spend, squander, throw away,
waste
Sentence:Iwillhoardmypowerlikeamiser,resisting
everyefforttodrainitawayfromme.
Hoax:trickwhichmakessomeonetakeaction
(>kalk nsuk] /ks[kk nsuk] Ny)
Synonyms:cheat,deception,fabrication,fake
Antonyms:honest
Sentence:Theyfoundoutthatthesurprisetestwas
onlyahoaxplayedbytheteacher.
Homage: great respect (iwtk] HkfDr] Jk] Jkatfy)
Synonyms:honor,tribute
Antonyms:dishonor,disloyalty,disrespect
Sentence:Thegreatesthomagewecanpaytotruth
istouseit.
Homogeneous:ofthesamekind;uniformin
compositionthroughout(ltkfr] le:i] ,d&lk)
Synonyms:alike,comparable,compatible,consistent,
uniform
Antonyms:different,dissimilar,heterogenous
Sentence: That group of marbles was very
homogeneous in that it had all blue marbles of the
samesize.
Hoodwink:deceive (/ks[kk nsuk] Ny djuk)
Synonyms:bluff,cheat,dupe,delude
Antonyms:expose,reveal,uncover,unmask,disclose,
divulge
Sentence:Somestudentstrytohoodwinktheirparents
intothinkingthatthereisnohomework.
Hover:hangabout;(ofbirdsoraircraft)stayinthe
airinoneplace(vkl&ikl fiQjuk] eaMjkuk)
Synonyms:hangabout,linger,waitnearby
Antonyms:lie,rest,settle
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Sentence:Duetoengagedrunway,theplanehadto
hoverovertheairport.
Hubbub:confuseduproar;loudnoise;din
('kksj] gMcM+h] 'kksjxqy)
Synonyms:bedlam,clamor,confusion,din,disturbance,
noise,pandemonium
Antonyms:calm,order,peace
Sentence: There is always a lot of hubbub in the
cafeteriawhenallofthestudentsarethere.
Hubris:arrogance;excessiveself-conceit
(gsdM+h] vD[kM+iu] ?keaM)
Synonyms:contemptuousness,disdain,insolence
Antonyms:humility,modesty,shyness,timidity
Sentence:Theyreflectthehubrisofonewhoknows
everything
Hummock:smallhill(Vhyk] igkM+h Vhyk)
Synonyms:hillock,knoll
Antonyms:depression
Sentence: The gardeners piled the soil into a small
hummockatthesideofthegarden.
Hurtle:crash;rush;movewithgreatspeed
(rsth ls vkuk)
Synonyms:rush,speed
Antonyms:dally,dawdle,loiter,tarry,saunter
Sentence:Thespacecraft willhurtlethrough space
ataremarkablespeed.
Husbandry:frugality,agriculture(vYiO;;] o`Qf"k)
Synonyms:thrift;economy;farming
Antonyms:extravagance,improvidence,lavishness,
prodigality,squandering
Sentence: It helps us make smarter husbandry for
thepoultryindustry.
Hybrid:mixedbreed(feJ.k\ ladfjr)
Synonyms:amalgam,combination,mongrel
Antonyms:homogeneous,pure,unmixed
Sentence:Amuleisahybridofahorseandadonkey.
I
Idiosyncrasy:Oddity (fo'ks"k y{k.k)
Synonyms: distinction, eccentricity, bizarre,
strangeness,weirdness
Antonyms:accord,concurrence,uniformity
Sentence: One of her idiosyncrasies was twirling
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herhairwhileshereads.
Ignominious:disgraceful(yTtkdkj)
(SSCCGL2012)
Synonyms:shameful,dishonourable,scandulous
Antonyms:dignified,distinguished,creditable,stately
Sentence:I should have cometo veryignominious
griefwithoutit.
Imaginary:Fanciful,unreal(dkYifud)
Synonyms:illusory,visionary,insubstantial,subjective
Antonyms:factual,tangible,genuine,evident
Sentence:Any colors seen in films or in books are
purelyimaginary.
Imbecile:Feeblenessofmind(efr&ean)
Synonyms:weak,senile,feeble,unsound
Antonyms:sane,sagacious,astute,wise
Sentence:Imbecilestaffpicksontheweakandignore
everyoneelse.
Immaculate:Flawless(csnkx)
Synonyms:unsullied,spotless,untarnished,untainted
Antonyms:defiled,tarnished,obscene,profane
Sentence: Protecting your car from the weather as
muchaspossiblewillensureitremainsimmaculate.
Immense: Large (fo'kky)
Synonyms:huge,enormous,gigantic,colossal
Antonyms:puny,insignificant,paltry,trifling
Sentence: This site is absolutely immense and
beautifullylaidout.
Immerse:Todipunderwater(;kueXu djuk)
Synonyms:submerge,involve,descend,drown
Antonyms:emerge,uncover,restore,recover
Sentence: Leaves can be completely immersed in
water.
Imminent:Impending(vklUu)
Synonyms:brewing,overhanging,approaching
Antonyms:distant,receding,retreating,withdrawing
Sentence: By the end of the month, military action
appearedimminent.
Immunity:Exemption(izfrj{kk)
Synonyms: prerogative, privilege, exemption, non-
liability
Antonyms:blame,censure,prescription,interdiction
Sentence: Immunityfrom punishment was secured
throughtheabsenceoflocallaw.
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Impair:Toweaken([kjkc djuk)
Synonyms:diminish,deteriorate,decompose,worsen
Antonyms:restore,revive,resurrect,repair
Sentence: A dwelling only occupied by a severely
mentallyimpairedpersonorpersons.
Impart:Togrant(iznku djuk)
Synonyms:divulge,bestow,inform,convey
Antonyms:withhold,conceal,suppress,deny
Sentence:Plasmaeventsresultinginredistributionof
magneticenergyalsoimpartenergytotheions.
Impartial:Fair(fu"i{k)
Synonyms:just,unbiased,equitable,evenhanded
Antonyms:prejudiced,biased,unjust,inequitable
Sentence:Wedonotsellanythingsocankeeptotally
impartial.
Impediment: Hindrance (ck/k)
Synonyms:hurdle,obstruction,retardation
Antonyms:assistance,concurrence,deliverance,aid
Sentence: He has a serious speech impediment,
whichhas,ontheevidence,blightedhislife.
Impertinent: Disrespectful; rude (/`"V)
(SSCCGL2012,Auditor2003)
Synonyms:brazen,impudent,insolent
Antonyms:nice,polite,respectful,mannered,kind
Sentence:Thestudentwassentto detentionforhis
impertinentbehaviortowardshisteachers.
Impetuous: Rash (vfoosdh)
Synonyms:violent,impulsive,imprudence,indiscretion
Antonyms: considerate, composed, discretion,
prudence
Sentence:Impetuousman,quickinhisdecisions.
Impious: Profane (v/ehZ)
Synonyms:irreligious,unholy,irreverent,hypocritical
Antonyms:pious,devout,spiritual,venerate
Sentence: The congregation was offended by her
impious remarks.
Impudence:Shameless,immodesty(csg;kbZ)
(SSCCGL2012)
Synonyms: sauciness, impertinence, insolence,
arrogance
Antonyms: submissiveness, modesty, humility,
meekness
Sentence: Is not that the very man frank had the
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impudencetobringherelasttuesdayweek?
Incentive:Stimulus(izkRs lkgu)
Synonyms:motivation,allurement,inducement,spur
Antonyms: dissuasion, reluctance, deterrent,
discouragement
Sentence: The freedoms they offer provide a new
incentiveforalltoimprove.
Incite:Tostir(mksftr)
Synonyms:instigate,provoke,motivate,arouse
Antonyms:deter,discourage,restrain,dissuade
Sentence:Histotaldisregardofthecrowdsreaction
seemedtoonlyincitemoreangerfrompeople.
Inclination:Liking(>qdko)
Synonyms:affection,proneness,propensity
Antonyms: neutrality, indifference, apathy,
unresponsive
Sentence:Ihadabsolutelynottheslightestinclination
ofwhatwasgoingon.
Incompetent:Lackofability (v{ke)
Synonyms:inefficient,unskilled,immature,unqualified
Antonyms:dexterous,skilled,ingenious,competent
Sentence:Nowoncetheyknowthatthisisthecase
theybecomeconsciouslyincompetent.
Incongruous:Unsuitable,nonharmonious(vlaxr)
Synonyms:inappropriate,absurd,ridiculous,awkward
Antonyms: compatible, harmonious, homogeneous,
consistent
Sentence: The choices he has made do seem
somewhatincongruous,however.
Indigence:Extremepoverty (xjhch)
Synonyms:privation,destitution,insolvency,penury
Antonyms:affluence,abundance,opulence,luxury
Sentence:Indigentcircumstancestofollowthecart
tothegallows.
Indignation:Righteouswrath(vkozQks'k)
Synonyms:resentment,ire,wrath,rage
Antonyms: modesty, tranquility, forbearance,
equanimity
Sentence:Peoplefeelindignationatthepricerising
continusly.
Indispensable:Absolutelynecessary (vifjgk;Z)
Synonyms:essential,expedient,requisite,unavoidable
Antonyms:superfluous,redundant,needless,tranquility
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Sentence: The patient is serious. It is absolutely
indispensabletocalladoctor.
Indolent:Habituallyidle(vkylh)
Synonyms:lazy,listless,languid,sluggish
Antonyms:energetic,vivacious,prompt,agile
Sentence:Hisbrotherisintelligentbuttooindolentto
labourhard.
Indulge:Tofavour (fyIRk)
Synonyms:gratify,pamper,comfort,satisfy
Antonyms:annoy,trouble,torment,displease
Sentence:Hehasneverbeenindulgedincrime.
Industrious:Hardworking (esgurh)
(SSCCGL2010)
Synonyms: active, assiduous, diligent, energetic,
laborious
Antonyms:idle,inactive,indolent,lazy,lethargic,slack
Sentence:Due toher industrious mind and action,
shehasmadearapidprogressinherbusiness.
Inevitable:Unavoidable (vfuok;Z)
Synonyms:ascertained,imminent,substantial
Antonyms:unlikely,doubtful,indefinite,uncertain
Sentence:Itisvirtuallyinevitablethatallinformation
notstrictlykeptunderwraps.
Infringe:Toviolate(mYya?ku djuk)
Synonyms:violate,encroach,transgress,tresspass
Antonyms:comply,concur,conform,observe
Sentence: Those who infringe the law must be
punished.
Ingenious:Clever,skillful(ljy] dq'ky)
Synonyms:deft,proficient,dexterous,adroit
Antonyms: unskilled, incompetent, immature,
unqualified
Sentence:Heisappreciateverywherebecauseheis
quite ingenious.
Ingenuous:Straightforward (Li"Voknh)
Synonyms:undisguised,nave,candid,guileless
Antonyms:wily,crafty,perfidious,treacherous
Sentence: Personal statements personal statements
tendtocomeoverasaratheringenuoushardsell.
Innocuous:Nothurtful (vgkfudj)
Synonyms:salutary,wholesome,innocent,harmless
Antonyms:deleterious,baneful,insanitary,injurious
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Sentence: The government should always take
innocuousdecisionforpublic.
Inquisitive:Curious(ftKklq)
(SSCAuditor2005)
Synonyms:inquiring,curious,searching,studious
Antonyms:distracted,negligent,indifferent,impassive
Sentence:Aninquisitivelearnerlearnsmuch.
Insidious:Machiavellian (diVh)
Synonyms:Artful,astute,crafting,cunning,deceptive,
disingenuous,treacherous
Antonyms:honest,fair,open,sincere,frank
Sentence:Thestalkerwasinsidiousinhisattempts
toreachhisvictimandoutwitthepolice.
Insinuate:Tointroducegentlyandadroitly(b'kkjk
djuk)
Synonyms:communicate,allude,hint,suggest
Antonyms:conceal,camouflage,suppress,mask
Sentence:Thereporterinsinuatedthepoliceandthe
criminalwasarrested.
Insipid:Tasteless(iQhdk)
Synonyms:vapid,savourless,unflavoured
Antonyms:delicious,luscious,pungent,piquant
Sentence: Generally insipid food is served in that
hotel.
Insolvent: Bankrupt (fnokfy;k)
Synonyms:indigent,destitute,bankrupt,defaulter
Antonyms:wealthy,solvent,affluent,substantial
Sentence: The difficulty arises because as i have
describedabove,alargenumber ofshipowners are
now insolvent.
Intimidate:Tomakeafraid,tocow (/edkuk)
Synonyms:frighten,dictate,hopeless,irresolute
Antonyms:console,encourage,appease,hearten
Sentence: They also continued their attempts to
physicallyintimidatetheunitedsidewiththeirplay.
Intricate:Complicated(tfVy)
Synonyms:Abstruse,complex,entangled,labyrinthine,
obscure
Antonyms:Direct,simple,easy
Sentence:Sarahsskillsinsewingweredemonstrated
intheintricateneedleworkdisplayedonthequilt.
Intrinsic:Internal (vkarfjd)
Synonyms:genuine,fundamental,inherent,congenital
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Antonyms:extraneous,incidental,extrinsic,derived
Sentence:Suchactivitiesareconsideredintrinsicto
theproductionoffossilfuels.
Intrigue:Anillicitorsecretloveaffair(lkft'k)
Synonyms: scheme, conspiracy, manipulation,
counterplot
Antonyms:candor,sincerity,bluntness,honesty
Sentence:Theprincess&thepiperasplendidstory
of love and royal intrigue at the palace of king
kafoozalum.
Intricate:Involved(tfVy)
Synonyms:tangled,complicated,formidable,arduous
Antonyms:regulated,orderly,manageable,ductile
Sentence: The natural progression was for them to
becomeintricate.
Intrepid:Withoutfear(fuMj)
(SSCCGL2011)
Synonyms:brave,courageous,valorous,chivalrous
Antonyms:scared,frightened,timid,cowardly
Sentence: Columbus was an intrepid explorer,
showing his endurance, resolute fearlessness and
fortitude.
Invective:Coarselanguage(xkyh&xykSt)
Synonyms: accusation, censure, malediction,
denunciation
Antonyms: approval, acclamation, admiration,
approbation
Sentence:Afteranormaltalk,boththefriendsbecame
invective.
Invidious:Hateful(nos"ktud] ?k`.kkLin)
Synonyms:abominable,detestable,envious,jealous
Antonyms:Friendly,lovable,polite
Sentence: Please do not be invidious, but I am
intransigentandtaciturntosubstantiatethisquestion.
Invincible: Insuperable (vts;)
(SSCCGL2011)
Synonyms:unconquerable,impregnable,unbeatable
Antonyms:effeminate,languid,crippled,fragile
Sentence:Thevictorswouldhavefeltinvincible,the
victimswouldhaveshakentheirfistsatthefates.
Irrepressible: That cannot be repressed (vnE;)
Synonyms: irresistible, unconfined, unhindered,
unshackled
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Antonyms:composed,hesitant,submissive,grave
Sentence:Indianarmyhasirrepressiblestrengthand
courage.
Irreverent:Disrespectful (vuknj;qDr)
(SSCT.A.2004)
Synonyms:derisive,impudent,impertinent,insolent,
unholy
Antonyms:religious,respectful,holy
Sentence:Heactedinanirreverentfashiontowards
theguestspeaker.
J Judicious:Soundinjudgment(U;k;laxr)
Jabber:Chatterrapidlyorunintelligibly
(cUnj dh rjg cM+cMkuk)
Synonyms:babble,chatter,ramble,utter
Antonyms:silent,taciturn,uncommunicative
Sentence:Whydoesthatpersoninsistonjabbering
awayinFrench.
Jaded:tired (Dykar)
Synonyms:Surfeited,fatigued,exhausted,languish
Antonyms:renewal,recreation,restorative,refreshed
Sentence:EverytimeIgotoVeniceIexpecttofeel Kernel:centralorvitalpoint(e;Hkkx] fxjh@nkuk)
jaded,waitingforthemagictowearoff.
Jaunty:Lighthearted (vYgM+)
Synonyms:animated,lively,hilarious,jocose
Antonyms:depressed,lethargic,lifeless
Sentence:Alickoffreshpainthasgiventheoldtown
anoptimistic,almostjauntyair.
Jeopardize:Putatrisk ([krjs esa Mkyuk)
Synonyms:endanger,imperil,risk,threaten
Antonyms:protect,save,guard
Sentence:Donotjeopardizetheacademicintegrity
ofthecourseorprogram.
Jettison:Throughoverboard(cks> fxjuk)
(SSCCGL2010)
Synonyms:abdicate,discard,expel
Antonyms:takein,embrace,keep,retain
Sentence:TheSeaoffaithmustnotjettisonthishalf
ofourtradition.
Jocund:merry(ftankfny)
Synonyms:blithe,elated,jocular
Antonyms:sad,solemn,morose
Sentence:Hangingoutwithmyhighschoolfriends
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alwaysresultsinhavingajocundtime.
Jostle:Shove,bump (/ozQde/ozQdk)
Synonyms:shake,crash,crowd,thrust
Sentence:Solarsystemsdonotjostleeachother in
space.
Jovial:Goodnatured(mYykliw.kZ)
Synonyms:frolicsome,cheerful,merry,jubilant
Antonyms:solemn,morose,sad,melancholy
Sentence:Themoodseemsnaturallyanxiousbutnot
grim,almostjovial,withpeoplesmiling.
Synonyms:thoughtful,prudent,discerning
Antonyms:irrational,foolish,misconception,fatuous
Sentence:Workproceduresshouldbeveryjudicious
abouthowmuchtheydo.
Juvenile:immature (fd'kksj)
Synonyms:Young,tender,youthful,adolescent
Antonyms:dotage,antiquated,senile,old
Sentence:ThereavailabilityofJuvenilecourtinIndia.
K
Synonyms:fruit,centre,core
Antonyms:margin,edge,outside,boundry
Sentence:Fortwo years, wehave both been taking
apricotkernelsdaily.
Killjoy:spoilsport(etk [kjkc djus okyk)
Synonyms:grouch,pessimist
Antonyms:optimistic
Sentence:WhenIwasyoungIremembermymother
referringtoanyonewhowasabitofamiseryasan
oldkilljoy.
Kindle:startafire,inspire(izTofyr djuk)
Synonyms:flame,ignite,light
Antonyms:extinguish,putout
Sentence:Kindletheflashlight.
Kindred:related,similarinnatureorcharacter
(vkReh;)
Synonyms:relation,species,relative,family
Antonyms: unrelated, dissimilar, heterogeneous,
disparate
Sentence:ThepeopleofUPandBiharareKindred.
Knave: Untrustworthy person (/wrZ)
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Synonyms:rogue,scoundrel,dishonest,vagabond
Antonyms:paragon,innocent,benefactor,idealist
Sentence:Thepersonwhodrewuptheagreementis
eitheragreatknaveoragreatfool.
Knead:mix,workdough (xw/a uk)
Synonyms:blend,squeeze
Sentence:Lightlykneadeachpieceintoaball,then
flattenitwiththepalmofyourhand.
Knoll:little,roundhill(Vhyk)
Synonyms:cliff,inclination
Antonyms:flat,lowground
Sentence:Inlateafternoon,weclimbtoarockyknoll
abovethetowntoenjoyanexquisitesunsetonthelake.
Knotty:Tangled(tfVy)
Synonyms:intricate,difficult,complicated,arduous,
onerous
Antonyms:simple,manageable,tractable,flexible
Sentence: Short-term funding and lack of full cost
recoveryareparticularlyknottyproblems.
Kudos:honour (;'k)
Synonyms:praise,acclaim,glory
Antonyms:blame,criticism
Sentence: The test team, along with the live team,
getsahugekudosfrommeforthat.
L Synonyms:burglary,crime,steal,pilfering
Labile:Likelytochange (vLFkk;h)
Synonyms:unbalanced
Antonyms:balance,equilibrium
Sentence:Aswithmostenvelopedviruses,theparticle
isrelativelylabile.
Labyrinth:Maze,complexity(HkwyHkqyS;k)
Synonyms:intricacy,perplexity,complication
Antonyms:clarity,simplicity
Sentence:TheolderistheCretanlabyrinth,whose
classicalformhassevencircuits.
Laconic:briefandtothepoint(uik&rqyk)
Synonyms:brief,condensed,concise,compact
Antonyms:dilated,profused,diffuse,wordy,prolix
Sentence:Afullandsuitablylaconicreportofevents
willfollowinMarch.
Lag:Moveslowly,delay(ihNs jg tkuk)
Synonyms:retard,falter,linger,dawdle
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Antonyms:quicken,accelerate,expedite,spurt
Sentence:Forinstance,theslightresponselagwith
wirelessmicecanbeaproblemforgamers.
Lagoon:Shallowbodyofwaternearasea ([kyht)
Synonyms:gulf,pool,pond
Sentence: Each island is surrounded by a reef
enclosingashallowlagoon.
Lament:Grieve,expresssorrow (foyki)
(SSCAuditor2001)
Synonyms:grieve,deplore,regret,bemoan
Antonyms:amuse,entertain,enliven,solace
Sentence: How long will your bitter lament grieve
yourlordwhoweeps?
Lampoon:Ridicule(fuUnkys[k)
Synonyms:burlesque,caricature
Sentence:Icanneitherlampoon,singintune;much
lesscanIintone.
Languid:Drooping,listless(eqj>k;k gqvk)
Synonyms: pensive, lethargic, exhausted, fatigued,
lackadaisical
Antonyms:lively,animated,refreshed,restored
Sentence: Theyre too similar in mood, both very
languidanddreamy.
Larceny:Theft (pksjh)
Antonyms:pay,return,give
Sentence:Itisalwaysgrandlarceny,neverpetty.
Lassitude: Lethargy (FkdkoV)
Synonyms:languor,tiredness,weariness
Antonyms:vivacity,agility,animate,lively
Sentence:Earlier thisyear hefell preytoageneral
lassitude.
Laudable:Admirable(iz'kaluh;)
Synonyms: deserving, honorable, praiseworthy,
acceptable
Antonyms: vicious, blame, worthy, venomous,
condemnable
Sentence: This has the entirely laudable aim of
preventingthegenocideofanygroup.
Lavish:Splendid (viO;;h)
Synonyms:abundant,excessive,profuse,extravagant
Antonyms:scarce,deficient,frugal,conserve,scanty
Sentence: It bestowed the honor of a very lavish
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triumph.
Lax:Slack,remiss (<hyk)
Synonyms:careless,negligence,indifferent
Antonyms:firm,reliable,meticulous,scrupulous
Sentence: They had therefore become lax in what
theywereofferingtogod.
Legerdemain:Sleightofhand (eDdkjh)
Synonyms:chicanery,deceit,deception,trickery
Antonyms:reality,truth
Sentence: Every body is well known legerdemain,
sonobodyreliesonhim.
Lenient:Mild,permissiveness(mnkj)
Synonyms:compassionate,merciful,moderate,tolerant
Antonyms:cruel,severe,violent,vehement
Sentence:Benotso severe as tocausedisgust, nor
solenientastomakepeoplepresume.
Levitate:Floatinair(mM+ tkuk)
Synonyms:Float,rise,fly
Antonyms:drop,lower
Sentence:Soonaftertakingoff,theaeroplanebegan
to levitate.
Liable:Answerable(mkjnk;h)
Synonyms:accountable,bound,responsible,likely
Antonyms:unaccountable,aptto,irresponsible,exempt
Sentence:ChiefOfficersshouldbevicariouslyliable
fortheactionsoftheirofficers.
Libel:Actofwritingsomethingthatsmearsa
personscharacter (fuanys[k)
Synonyms:aspersion,calumny,defamation,denigration
Antonyms:compliment,praise
Sentence: He has filed a libel suit against the
newspaper.
Liberal:Progressive(mnkj)
Synonyms:Advanced,indulgent,broad
Antonyms:narrow,conservative
Sentence:Alwayspoliticallyliberal,hewasactivein
charityandpoliticalwork.
Liberate:Givefreedom(fjgk djuk)
Synonyms: emancipate, free, rescue, unshackle,
absolve
Antonyms:suppress,manacle,obstruct,detain
Sentence:By thenlarge populationsof slaveswere
alreadyliberated.
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Licentious:Amoral,lewdandlascivious(csyxke)
(SSCCGL2010)
Synonyms: corrupt, lecherous, libertine, libidinous,
lustful
Antonyms:chaste,moral
Sentence: The young girls chose to leave the park
because of the coarse and licentious men who
approachedthem.
Linger:dawdle,continueorpersist
(nh?kZ dky rd jguk)
Synonyms:loiter,prolong,hesitate,delay
Antonyms:hasten,quicken,dart,hurry
Sentence:Helingeredaroundthemalltoavoidgoing
home.
Listless:Withoutenergy (mnklhu)
Synonyms:lazy,inattentivespiritless,incurious
Antonyms:brisk,attentive,diligent,agile
Sentence:IgaveupsmokingonMondayandfeela
bitlistlessinaway.
Loquacious: talkative (okpky)
(SSCCGL2011)
Synonyms:chatty,garrulous,gossipy,verbose,prolix,
wordy
Antonyms:quiet,silent,reticent,uncommunicative
Sentence:Hesippeditwithrelishandsoonbecame
somewhat loquacious.
Lucid:Easilyunderstood(pednkj)
Synonyms:sound,rational,coherent,sane
Antonyms: obscure, hidden, incomprehensible,
unintelligible
Sentence:Thecoverageofterroristattacksisneither
particularlylucidnorparticularlycomplete.
Lucrative:Profitable (ykHkizn)
Synonyms:advantageous,fruitful
Antonyms:unprofitable,unproductive
Sentence:Hehasstartedanewbusinesswhichmay
beprovedlucrativeforhim.
Ludicrous:Laughable(mQViVkax)
Synonyms:absurd,bizarre,preposterous,grotesque
Antonyms:balanced,congruous,consistent,solemn
Sentence:Ontheonehand,Ithinkthatsoundspretty
ludicrous.
Lugubrious:Mournful ('kksdkdqy)
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Synonyms:gloomy,pensive,sad,sorrowful
Antonyms:cheerful,happy,encouraged
Sentence:Afteraccidentofthetraintherewasnothing
butlugubriousvoiceeverywhere.
Luminous:Shining,issuinglight(izdk'k;qDr)
Synonyms:illuminated,incandescent
Antonyms:dark,dim,dull,gloomy
Sentence: It is celebrated by making the place
luminousbyarranginglightsandburningthecrackers.
Lunacy:Craziness,madness(ikxyiu)
Synonyms:delusion,insanity,madness,imbecility
Antonyms:normalcy,sanity,sagacity,shrewdness
Sentence: How can a simple man compete against
suchinspiredlunacy?
Luscious:Delectable,delicious(lqLokn)
Synonyms:palatable,delicious,delectable,delightful
Antonyms:unsavoury,tart,sharp,sour
Sentence:Ishallhavetobeonmyguardasthebroccoli Antonyms:calm,indifferent
islookingluscious.
Luxuriant:Profuse (foyklh)
(SSCCGL2010)
Synonyms:abundant,dense,plentiful
Antonyms:scanty,meager,inadequate,deficient
Sentence:Atthetimeofwhichwewrite,thevegetation
oftheislewasnotveryluxuriant.
M Meddle:Intervene (gLr{ksi djuk)
Macabre:Gruesome,grisly (Hk;adj)
Synonyms:dreadful,frightening,ghastly,horrible
Antonyms:common,living,normal,pleasant,delightful
Sentence:Ihaveaverydarkandsometimesmacabre
senseofhumor.
Machiavellian:Crafty,double-dealing (/wrZ)
Synonyms:artful,cunning,deceitful,shrewd
Antonyms:gullible,kind,naive,honest
Sentence: He resorted to Machiavellian tactics in
ordertogetthejobaheadofhisadversaries.
Maculated:Spotted (fprdcjk)
Synonyms:Mottled,stained,dirty
Antonyms:clean
Sentence:Thepompousyoungpoetsangoftheformer
premiersmaculatedbrow.
Magnanimous:Kindhearted(mnkjpfjr)
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Synonyms:benevolent,charitable,munificent,generous
Antonyms:greedy,malevolent,selfish,unkind
Sentence:Themagnanimouskingwasgenerousand
fairtoallofhissubjects,makingsurethattheirtroubles
wereresolvedandtheirneedsweremet.
Malign:Hurtful;injurious(uqdlkunsg)
Synonyms:baneful,deleterious,detrimental,noxious
Antonyms:benign,helpful,aiding
Sentence:Thefashionindustryisoneofthesectors
so often maligned because of the manufacturing
choicesthatdesignhousesmake.
Masticate: Chew (pckuk)
Synonyms:grind,crunch,munch
Sentence: Youngesters are generally found
masticatingchilgum.
Maudlin:Effusivelysentimental(vfrHkkoqd)
Synonyms:befuddled,confused
Sentence:Thisplaymaybesadintone,butisnever
maudlinorcynical.
Maverick: Rebel (vkokjk)
Synonyms:nonconformist
Antonyms:conformist,obeying
Sentence:There are, however, a few mavericks in
each box or items which would be better placed
elsewhere.
Synonyms:interfere,invade,trespass
Antonyms:bringtogether,join,unite
Sentence:Theladylikedtomeddleinotherpeoples
business.
Meek: Shy (uez] nCcw)
Synonyms:Docile,humble,soft,weak,modest
Antonyms: impertinent, aggressive, bold, brave,
confident
Sentence:Thedadappearedtobemeekindemeanor
untilthediscussionofbedtimearose.
Melodious: Sweet sounding (e/qj)
Synonyms:dulcet,musical,harmonious,sweet
Antonyms:grating,dissonant,discordant,rancor
Sentence:Thebellsweredifficulttoringandnotvery
melodious.
Mendacious: Dishonest (feF;k)
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Synonyms:Deceptive,erroneous,fallacious,perfidious,
spurious
Antonyms:frank,honest,sincere,truthful,trustworthy
Sentence:Thefeudingneighborsfrequentlycalledthe
police to report mendacious complaints about each
other.
Mercenary:Greedy for money (yksHkh)
Synonyms: avaricious, covetous, venal, corrupt,
dishonest
Antonyms:honest,generous
Sentence: The drug company was denounced as
mercenaryforseekingonlytoincreaseitsprofits.
Mercurial:Changeable (papy)
Synonyms:variable,capricious,unstable,erratic
Antonyms:stable,constant,steady,steadfast
Sentence:Hisfriendhasmercurialtypeofnatureso Antonyms:excessive,extravagant,violent,vehement
nonebelievesinhispromis.
Meritorious:Honourable (ljkguh;)
Synonyms: commendable, admirable, deserving ,
praiseworthy
Antonyms:unworthy,infamous,disreputable,culpable
Sentence: Lastly, they can be used to reward
employeesforparticularlymeritoriouswork.
Metamorphosis:Conversion;transformation
(:ikUrj djuk)
Synonyms:alteration,change,translation,mutation
Antonyms:stagnation,sameness
Sentence: My sister loves to watch the
metamorphosisofacaterpillarasabeautifulbutterfly
emergesfromthesilkycocoon.
Mettle: courage (fnysjh)
Synonyms:determination,stamina,spirit
Antonyms:timidity,fear,cowardice,diffident
Sentence:Thisformationdefinitelyhasthedefensive
mettletoshutteamsup.
Militant:Aggressive,combative(mxzoknh)
Synonyms: belligerent, contentious, offensive,
pugnacious,warlike
Antonyms:peaceful,tolerant,compliant
Sentence: Police expect a militant protest when
Obamalosestheelection.
Minute:Small (feuV)
Synonyms:diminutive,miniature,small,microscopic
Antonyms:large,colossal,stupendous,immense
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Sentence: Twins resemble each other closely; only
minutedifferencessetthemapart.
Miraculous:Surprisinglywonderful(peRdkjiw.kZ)
Synonyms: marvellous, extraordinary, astounding,
amazing
Antonyms:ordinary,trivial,familiar,natural
Sentence: She also overcame the dyslexia in a
seeminglymiraculousway.
Mitigate:Check,diminish(de djuk)
Synonyms:alleviate,relieve,lessen,assuage
Antonyms:augment,enhance,intensify,aggravate
Sentence:Mitigateproblemssuchasthere-circulation
ofpollutants,bacteriaandviruses.
Moderate:Calm (mnkjoknh)
Synonyms:limited,reasonable,lenient,temperate
Sentence:Heisanonlinetestingassistantmoderated
byatutorandadminsteredbyawebmaster.
Modest: Shy, bashful (fouez)
Synonyms:reserved,unpretentious,humble,courteous
Antonyms:audacious,arrogant,pompous,vain
Sentence: Ram is modest by nature so he cannot
expresshiswillopenly.
Molest:Physicallyabusive(NsMN + kM+ djuk)
Synonyms:pester,harass,vex,misbehave
Antonyms:console,soothe,comfort,cheer
Sentence: Now a days the news of molesting has
becomecommon.
Mollify:Pacify,soothe('keu djuk)
Synonyms:appease,assuage,relieve,mitigate
Antonyms:irritate,infuriate,aggravate,exasperate
Sentence:Theairlinecustomerservicerepresentative
triedtomollifytheangrypassenger.
Momentous:Important (lc ls vge)
Synonyms:notable,eventful,consequential,stirring
Antonyms: trivial, insignificant, commonplace,
immaterial
Sentence: We are also planning to present a truly
momentous crystal mark.
Monotonous:Same,boring (uhjl)
(SSCAuditor2001)
Synonyms:irksome,tedious,humdrum,insipid
Antonyms:varied,pleasant,appealing,captivating
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Sentence:Paradescanbefun,buttoomuchparading
canmakefestivitylookmonotonous.
Morbid:Giventounwholesomethought(vLoLFk)
Synonyms:diseased,dreadful,depressed
Antonyms:cheerful,happy,pleased,healthy
Sentence:Whatmightsoundmerelymorbidisactually
strangelybeautiful.
Morose:Depressed,pessimistic (mnkl)
Synonyms:dolorous,mournful,gloomy,melancholy
Antonyms:cheerful,happy,optimistic
Sentence:Hecreatedthatdepressingpaintingduring
hismoroseperiod.
Multitude: Large group (HkhM)
Synonyms:crowd,throng,mass,swarm
Antonyms:minority,handful,paucity,scarcity
Sentence: The whole mural is surrounded by a
multitudeofcolorfulflags.
Mundane:Ordinary (lk/kj.k] uhjl)
Synonyms:banal,commonplace,routine,trite
Antonyms: Exciting, extraordinary, wonderful,
supernatural,heavenly
Sentence:Listeningtomusicmakesmundanetasks
morebearable.
Munificent:Giving,generous(nkuh)
Synonyms:liberal,hospitable,benevolent,kind
Antonyms:frugal,penurious,moderate,economical
Sentence:Munificentdonorspreviouslymentioned,
thesouthwinghasbeencalledtheBrookewing.
Murky:Gloomy,obscure(cnyh dk] xank)
Synonyms:dusky,dreary,dismal,bleak
Antonyms:bright,shining,luminous,radiant
Sentence: The water of river yamuna has become
murky
Muster:Gather,assemble (eqvk;uk)
Synonyms:aggregation,collection,group
Antonyms:division,separation
Sentence: Muster the courage to read the book
anyway.
Mutilate:Maim;damage(vax&Hkax djuk)
Synonyms:dismember,vandalize
Antonyms:fix,repair,mend
Sentence:Themassmurderermutilatedhisvictims
bycuttingtheirfacesoncetheyweredead.
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Mutinous:rebellious(ckxh)
Synonyms:recalcitrant,insurgent,unruly,revolutionary
Antonyms:submissive,faithful,complaint,loyal
Sentence: During the journey some of the other
convictsonboardbecamemutinous.
Mutual:Shared,common (vkilh)
Synonyms:joint,identical,correlative,reciprocal
Antonyms:separate,distinct,divergent,individual
Sentence:Mutualrespect,onbothsides,willremove
culturalfears.
N
Nascent:Incipient,comingintobeing(gksugkj)
Synonyms:basic,fundamental,start,initial
Antonyms:grown,mature,developed
Sentence:Nascent entrepreneursfor you to mentor
whowillalsoprovidefeedbackonyourcoachingskills.
Nasty:Disgusting(cqjk)
Synonyms:offensive,defiled,malevolent,malignant
Antonyms:pleasing,gratifying,benevolent,attractive
Sentence:Myonlycriticismisthattheartworklooks
abitnasty.
Native:Innate,inherent (ewy fuoklh)
Synonyms:original,vernacular,indigenous,aboriginal
Antonyms:alien,extraneous,exotic,foreign
Sentence:Thesetreesarereferredtoasnonnative,
oraliens.
Nauseous:Distasteful (?k`.kkLin)
Synonyms:unsavoury,loathsome,abominable,repellent
Antonyms: commendable, worthy, benevolent,
inoffensive
Sentence:Ibelieveatthetimeitmademefeelalittle
nauseous.
Nebulous:Vague,cloudy (vLi"V)
Synonyms:hazy,murky,unclear
Antonyms:clear,plain
Sentence:Yetthereisabroadeningrangeofsitesin
whatisstillnew,andsonebulous,ground.
Nefarious:Bad,sinful (dqfVy)
Synonyms:detestable,atrocious,heinous,unlawful
Antonyms:commendable,worthy,upright,inoffensive
Sentence: It has a single drawback, it is somewhat
nefarious.
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Negligent: Indifferent (ykijokg)
Synonyms:inattentive,careless,heedless,perfunctory
Antonyms:vigilant,careful,considerate,alert
Sentence: Failure to take precautions to keep your
passwordssecretmay beconsiderednegligent.
Nemesis: Someone seeking revenge (izfr'kks/)
Synonyms:adversary,torment,ruin
Antonyms:growth,creation
Sentence:Abravemovebut,asweallknow,Sohanis Sentence: I felt very well-informed and spiritually
followedbynemesis.
Neophyte:Beginner (ukSflf[k;k)
Synonyms:amateur,apprentice,novice,fledgling
Antonyms:expert,professional,mentor,veteran
Sentence:Hewasaneophytetothetrackteamand
hadtheslowesttimes.
Nettle:Annoy,vex (fcNqvk)
Synonyms:harass,pester,exasparete
Antonyms:appease,mollify,please
Sentence: The regular trampling of cattle can wipe
outcommonnettle.
Niggardly:Stingy,parsimonious(datl
w h ls)
(SSCCGL2012)
Synonyms:miserly,covetous,inadequacy,deficiency
Antonyms:generous,profuse,redundant,excessive
Sentence:Theniggardlypittancethewidowreceives
fromthegovernmentcannotkeepherfrompoverty.
Nimble:Active,agile(rst)
Synonyms:prompt,brisk,lively,agile
Antonyms:sluggish,languid,weary,tardy
Sentence: Many companies had proved nimble in
identifyingnewmarketopportunities.
Nominal:Innameonly(ukeek=k)
Synonyms:trifling,insubstantial,bare,negligible
Antonyms: substantial, considerable, excessive,
exorbitant
Sentence: Peoples welfare depends upon real
variables,notnominalvariables.
Nonchalant:Easygoing(csijokg)
(SSCCGL2012)
Synonyms:indifferent,negligent,uncaring,heedless
Antonyms:attentive,considerate,vigilant,scrupulous
Sentence:Hesoundedjustasnonchalantwhenasked
abouttheoverallshapeofhisteam.
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Notoriety:illfame(cnukeh)
Synonyms:Disrepute
Antonyms:fame,renown,dignity
Sentence: It was the resulting press coverage from
histimeherethatgainedhimworldwidenotoriety.
Nourish:Feed(iks"k.k djuk)
Synonyms:sustain,nurture,tend,foster
Antonyms:exhaust,deprive,starve,weaken,enervate
nourishedafterreadingthemagazine.
Novice:Neophyte,personjustlearningsomething.
(u;k)
Synonyms:tyro,beginner,debutant,apprentice
Antonyms:veteran,ingenious,experienced,mentor
Sentence: A novice learner has to face a lot of
troubles.
Noxious: Harmful (gkfudkjd)
Synonyms:baneful,injurious,pernicious,disastrous
Antonyms:healing,profitable,innocuous,salubrious
Sentence:Althoughhehasmanymeritsyethisaction
provesnoxiousforme.
Nullify:Revoke,void(mBk nsuk)
Synonyms:cancel,annul,obliterate,invalidate
Antonyms:confirm,uphold,empower,endorse
Sentence:He hasnullifying attitude to discard any
socialwork.
Numerous:Abundant (vusd)
Synonyms:profuse,various,multitude,plenteous
Antonyms:scarce,deficient,paucity,sparse
Sentence:Suchdisturbancesarequitenumerousin
characterandextent.
O
Obdurate:stubborn (gBh)
Synonyms:adamant,obstinate,relentless
Antonyms:amenable,gentle,submissive
Sentence: Ram has to face a lot of troubles in his
smoothlifebecauseofhisobduratenature.
Obfuscate:causeconfusion (va/sjk djuk)
Synonyms:baffle,puzzle,perplex,obscure,muddle
Antonyms:clear,illuminate
Sentence:Inspiteofhisintelligentteaching,heleaves
thematterobfuscate.
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Obligatory:binding,required(vfuok;Z)
Synonyms:compulsory,binding,mandatory,necessary
Antonyms:voluntary,nonessential
Sentence: English is obligatory in almost all
competitiveexaminations.
Obliterate:destroycompletely(dkVuk)
Synonyms: annihilate, delete, erase, eradicate,
expunge,eliminate
Antonyms:build,construct,create
Sentence:Beyondherethecanalhasbeencompletely
obliteratedbyopencastmining.
Oblivion:obscurity,forgetfulness(foLej.k)
Synonyms:neglect,indifference,disregard
Antonyms:awareness,consciousness
Sentence:Wewereanchoredatthefootofthedivision
facingoblivion.
Obloquy:slander,disgrace,infamy(cnxksbZ] cnukeh)
Synonyms:calumny,aspersion,censure
Antonyms:calmness,praise
Sentence: The passion for wealth gives a kind of
spuriouscouragetofaceobloquy.
Obnoxious: offensive (vizhfrdj] vkked)
Synonyms:pernicious,detestable,abhorrent
Antonyms:attractive,gratifying,beneficial,desirable
Sentence:Imnotusually,justtotheidiotswhopretend
tobedrunkandaresoobnoxious.
Obscure:Noteasilyunderstood (vLi"V)
Synonyms:abstruse,ambiguous,vague,unclear
Antonyms:apparent,clear,explicit
Sentence: His explanation of the problem was so
obscurethatnooneunderstoodit.
Obsequious: Sycophant (pkiywl)
Synonyms:servile,flattering,toadying
Antonyms:disinterested,proud,arrogant
Sentence:Hewassoobsequiouswhenthebosswas
present,thathisco-workersshunnedhimindisgrace.
Obsidian:blackvolcanicrock(ykok dkWp)
Synonyms:dark,murky
Antonyms:while
Sentence:Ispentagesstaringoutofmywindowat
the glassy, obsidian, black example I borrowed last
week.
Obsolete: outdated (vizpfyr)
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Synonyms:outworn,archaic,antiquated
Antonyms: modern, novel, vogue, contemporary,
renovated
Sentence:Themediummaybecomeobsoletewitha
few years.
Obstinate:Stubborn,hardtocontrolortreat(gBh)
Synonyms:stubborn,resolute,unyielding,obdurate
Antonyms:submissive,obedient,amenable,pliable
Sentence:Theywerequiteobstinateintheiropinions
somostofthepeopleshunthem.
Obstreperous: Noisy (izpaM)
Synonyms:boisterous,clamorous,vociferous
Antonyms:calm,quiet,silent
Sentence: If they become obstreperous they often
needseveralpeopletocontrolthem.
Occlude:Shut(jksd nsuk)
Synonyms:close,hinder,block,prevent
Antonyms:allow,help,permit
Sentence:Thewayhasbeenoccludedduetostrike.
Occult:Mysterious(euksxr)
(SSCT.A.2004)
Synonyms:latent,ambiguous,esoteric,elusive
Antonyms: intelligible, transparent, fathomable,
scrutable
Sentence:Hewhostudiestheoccult,studiesallthe
deepestmysteriesofexistenceandnature.
Ominous:Threatening. (eugwl)
Synonyms: threatening, inauspicious, forebode,
menacing
Antonyms: consoling, auspicious, propitious,
comforting
Sentence: New ways of working for social work
soundsominous.
Omniscient:Allknowing(loZK)
Synonyms:Almighty
Synonyms:Ignorant
Sentence: Im not omniscient, you need to tell me
howyouarefeelingifyouwantmetoknow.
Onerous: Burdensome (nqoZg)
Synonyms: arduous, troublesome, inconvenient,
formidable
Antonyms:facile,agreeable,flexible,uncomplicated
Sentence:Theirstrategic,social,economic,andpolitical
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costswouldproveonerous.
Opprobrium:Infamy,vilification(vdhfrZ)
Synonyms:disgrace,blemish,disrespect,ignominous
Antonyms:regard,respect,compliment
Sentence: Like any profession, architecture has its
villainsandtheydeserveopprobrium.
Opulence: extreme wealth (vf/drk)
Synonyms:abundance,affluence,excess,prosperity
Antonyms: poverty, insignificant, frugality, scanty,
meager,penury
Sentence:Themorevarietythebetter-lotsofdifferent
shapeandsizeswillgiveyouareallyopulentlook.
Ordeal:Severetrialoraffliction(vfXUk ijh{kk)
Synonyms:affliction,anguish,agony,suffering
Antonyms:happiness,pleasure
Sentence:Alongtimeheavysmokerheissuffering
themostterribleordeal.
Orifice:Mouthlikeopening,smallopening(fNnz)
Synonyms:aperture,crack,vent,outlet
Antonyms:closing
Sentence: This is achieved by means of a counter
balance chamber of similar area to the valve seat
orifice.
Oscillate:Vibratependulumlike(fgykuk)
Synonyms:fluctuate,vacillate,waver
Antonyms:hold,persist,remain,stay
Sentence:Itisinterestingtonotehowpublicopinion
oscillates between the extreme of optimism and
pessimism.
Osseous: Made of bone (gM~Mhokyk)
Synonyms:hard,bony,skeletal
Sentence:Theinfantsskullgraduallyclosesasnew
osseoustissuefillsinthegap.
Ostensible: Professed, pretended (izdV)
Synonyms:apparent,evident,obvious,overt
Antonyms:concealed,covert,obscure,vague
Sentence:Theostensiblepurposeofthisexpedition
istodiscovernewlands.
Ostentatious:Showy,pretentious (fn[kkoVh)
Synonyms:display,pretention,vaunt,pomposity
Antonyms:modesty,constraint,diffidence,economy
Sentence:Royal casino inAtlanticCityisthemost
ostentatiousgambling place.
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Ostracize:Excludefrompublicfavour
(lekt ls ckgj fudkyuk)
(SSCCGL2010)
Synonyms:ban,boycott,avoid,shun,expel
Antonyms:embrace,welcome,accept
Sentence: Brother returned home, to find himself
permanentlyostracized.
Outlandish:Peculiar,unconventional(fofp=k)
Synonyms:Bizarre,awkward,eccentric,erratic
Antonyms: common, normal, ordinary, usual,
conventional
Sentence: The eccentric professor who engages in
markedly outlandish behavior is a stock figure in
novels.
Overweening: Presumptuous (vkRekfHkekuh)
Synonyms:arrogant,haughty,conceited
Antonyms:modest
Sentence: His overweening pride in his
accomplishmentswasnotjustified.
Overwrought:Extremelyagitated,hysterical
(vfr mksftr)
Synonyms:excited,agitated,ferment,intense
Antonyms:quiet,tranquil,composed,cool
Sentence:Shebecametoooverwroughtbecauseof
thenewsofasuddentragedy.
P
Palliate:Tomakeadiseaseoranillnesslesspainful
orunpleasant(de djuk)
Synonyms:Mitigate,assuage,alleviate,
Antonyms:denounce,condemn,reproach,reprehend
Sentence: We should palliate the sufferings of the
poorandthedestitute.
Pallid:Faintincolour;pale(iQhdk] eqj>k;k)
Synonyms:Wan,anaemic,ashen
Antonyms:ruddy,lively
Sentence:Themirrorshowedherafaceaspallidas
pies.
Palpable:Tangible;Obvious(Li'kZuh;)
Synonyms:Apparent,Blatant,perceptible
Antonyms:concealed,obscure,intangible,covert
Sentence: The tension in the room was almost
palpable.
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Pandemic:Adiseasethatspreadoverawhole
region;widespread(egkekjh)
Synonyms:Rampant,pervasive
Antonyms:limited,controlled
Sentence:A pandemic of the Spanish flu claimed
nearly22millionlivesworldwide.
Pander:tocatertothelowdesireofothers
(cqjs dk;ksZa esa lgk;rk djus okyk)
Synonyms:Gratify,indulge
Antonyms:deny,refuse,satisfy
Sentence:Hesaidthatgovernmenthadpanderedto
theterroristsdemandsfortoolong.
Panoply:Acompleteandmagnificentarray
(/w e /ke] dop)
Synonyms:Range,regalia
Sentence:ThepanoplyofMaharanaPratapcontains
ashieldthatweighsaround20kgs!
Paragon:Modelofperfectionorexcellence(vkn'kZ]
izek.k)
Synonyms:Epitome,exemplar,nonpareil,quintessence
Sentence: We dont expect all the candidates to be
paragonofvirtue.
Paramour:Aloverespeciallyinanadulterous
relationship(izfs edk)
Synonyms:mistress,illicitlover
Sentence: When Prince Charles wed his long time
paramour,itgeneratedaconsiderablefus.
Paraphernalia:Collectionofarticles,stuff
(viuh futh lkexzh)
Synonyms:accoutrements,accessories,oddsandends
Sentence:Get rid ofall cigarettesand ashtraysand
otherparaphernaliaassociatedwithsmoking.
Pariah:Personrejectedbyothers,outcast
(lekt ls ckgj fudkyk x;k O;fDr)
Synonyms:untouchable,leper
Sentence:Formanyyearsthecountrywastreatedas
apariahbywesterngovernments.
Parity:Equality(lerk)
Synonyms:uniformity,consistency
Antonyms:dissimilitude,inequality,imbalance
Sentence:TheOpenUniversitystudentsareatparity
withthestateuniversitystudentsintermsofacademic
standards.
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Parlance:Mannerofspeakingorwriting(cksy&pky)
Synonyms:Jargon,phraseology
Sentence: Under the communist, local councils
became, in official parlance, agencies of the state
authority.
Parley:Discussion(ckrphr)
Synonyms:Consult,negotiate,deliberate
Sentence: Though the problem appears
insurmountable,Iamsurethatparleyscanthroughup
someidea.
Parochial:Narrowinoutlook(ladh.kZ)
Synonyms:myopic,insular,sectional,narrowminded,
restricted
Antonyms:broad,liberal
Sentence:Theyneedtobebetterinformedandless
parochialintheirthinking.
Paroxysm:Suddenoutburstasoflaughter,rage
(vkosx)
Synonyms:spasm,convulsion,outburst
Sentence: Later the same day, he exploded in a
paroxysmofrage,whichcontinuedforhalfanhour.
Parry:Towardoff,avoid(jn~n djuk)
Synonyms:Fendoff,staveoff,rebuff
Antonyms:dealwith,face,meet
Sentence: She parried all questions about their
relationship.
Parsimonious:Tobeverystingy(fdiQk;rh)
Synonyms:Miserly,niggardly,penurious
Antonyms:generous,lavish,liberal
Sentence: Mr. Scrooge is so parsimonious that he
didnotcontributeevenapennytotheChristmascharity
collection.
Pass:Outofdate;oldfashioned (vizpfyr)
Synonyms:archaic,obsolescent,antiquated,defunct
Antonyms:current,fashionable,modern,new
Sentence:Herideasonclothesaredistinctlypass.
Paucity:Scarcity,dearth (deh)
(SSCCGL2010)
Synonyms:meagerness,paltriness,scantiness
Antonyms:abundance,affluence,plenty
Sentence:Thereisnopaucityofnaturalresourcesin
India
Peculation:Misappropriationofpublicfunds(xcu)
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Synonyms:Theft
Antonyms:return
Sentence: The accountant was blacklisted for
peculationofthefirmsfunds.
Pecuniary: related to money (/u&laca/h)
Synonyms:monetary,fiscal,economic,budgetary
Sentence:Shedeniesobtainingapecuniaryadvantage
ofdeception.
Pejorative: Disparaging (kldkjh)
Synonyms: derogatory, denigatory, deprecatory,
slanderous
Antonyms:complimentary,positive,praising
Sentence:IagreeIamambitious,andIdontseethat Sentence:Iwishyouwouldnotbesopertinacious
asapejorativeteerm.
Penance:Atonement (riL;k)
Synonyms:expiation,reparation,amends
Sentence:Thousands of Pilgrims arriveinVaranasi
everyyeartoperformpenancefortheirsins.
Penchant:Astrongliking;Inclination(yxu)
Synonyms:Propensity,affinity,fondness,proclivity,
preference,predilection
Antonyms:dislike,hatred,indifference
Sentence: He had a penchant for playing jokes on
people.
Perdition:Completeandirreparableloss;complete
ruin(ujdHkksx)
Synonyms:Damnation,condemnation
Antonyms:accomplishment,win
Sentence:Hewascondemnedtotheperditionofhis
ownwrongdoingallthroughhislife.
Perfidious:Faithless(csoiQk)
Synonyms: Treacherous, deceitful, duplicitous,
treasonous
Antonyms:faithful,moral,trustworthy
Sentence:Shenowsees the public sector asfull of
perfidiouspoliticiansandcowardlycivilservant.
Perfunctory:Superficial(csijokg)
Synonyms:cursory,shallow,uninterested,desultory
Antonyms:careful,precise,thoughtful
Sentence:Shegivesthelistonlyaperfunctoryglance.
Peripatetic: Roaming (ifFkd)
Synonyms:Itinerant,roving,nomadic,ambulatory
Antonyms:fixed,settled
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Sentence:Herfatherwasinthearmyandthefamily
ledaperipateticexistence.
Pernicious:Causinggreatinjury(gkfudkjd)
Synonyms:destruction,fatal,detrimental,deleterious,
inimical,malevolent
Antonyms:innocuous,helpful
Sentence:IdidwhatIcould,butherbrokersinfluence
was pernicious.
Pertinacious:Stubborn (vkxzgh)
Synonyms:persistent,determined,tenacious,assiduous,
resolute
Antonyms:irresolute,tentative
inyouroutlook.
Peruse:Toreadcarefully (lkspuk)
Synonyms:scrutinize,inspect,examine
Antonyms:neglect,overlook
Sentence:Acopyofthereportisavailableforyouto
peruseatleisure.
Pervasive:spreadingthroughout (O;kid)
Synonyms:prevalent,ubiquitous,omnipresent
Antonyms:limited,narrow,insignificant
Sentence:Until theselfstudydocumentedallthose
thingsIhadnoideahowpervasivetheywere?
Perversion:Corruption,Turningfromrighttowrong
(foo`Qfr)
Synonyms:Depravity,wickedness
Antonyms:decency,goodness,honour,kindness
Sentence:Whatmonstrousperversionofthehuman
spirit leads a sniper to open fire on a bus carrying
children?
Petulant:Childishlybadtempered(<hB] fpM+fpM+k)
Synonyms:irritable,irascible,fractious
Antonyms:happy,pleasant
Sentence:Shecouldnotstandhispetulanceanymore
andgotintothecaranddroveoff.
Philistine:Apersonwhodoesnotlikeorunderstand
art,literature,musicetc.
(ladqfpr fopkjokyk)
Synonyms:ignoramus,primitive,bourgeois
Antonyms:adventurous,inspired
Sentence: She dismissed critics of her work as
philistines.
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Phlegmatic:Acalm,sluggishtemperament(lqLr)
Synonyms:calm,impassive,composed,serene
Antonyms:agitated,annoyed,excited
Sentence:Heisamenofphlegmaticattitude.
Physiognomy:Facialfeatures(eq[kko`Qfr)
Synonyms:countenance,face,outlook.
Sentence: He was fascinated by her physiognomy;
theprominentnose,broodingeyesandthickhair.
Pinnacle:peak,zenith,summit(f'k[kj)
Synonyms:crest,apex,vertex
Antonyms:base,bottom,nadir
Sentence:Johnmajorhasreachedthepinnacleofhis
politicalcareer.
Placate:Toappease,pacify,mollify(rq"V djuk)
Synonyms:soothe,conciliate,propitiate
Antonyms:agitate,upset,worry
Sentence:Hesmiled,andmadeagestureintendedto
placateme.
Plaintive:Mournful,sad(iQfj;knh)
Synonyms:wistful,doleful,melancholy,pitiful,piteous
Antonyms:cheerful,happy
Sentence:Theplaintivecrywasheardbyall.
Plenary:Full,complete(iw.kZ)
Synonyms: unconditional, comprehensive,
plenipotentiary,sweeping
Antonyms:incomplete,limited,partial
Sentence: The council has plenary powers to
administertheagreement.
Plentitude:Abundance,plenty(izpqjrk)
Synonyms:profusion,plethora,cornucopia
Antonyms:insufficiency,need,lack,want
Sentence: The music brought him a feeling of
plentitudeandfreedom.
Pliable:Easilybentormolded,flexible(yphyk)
Synonyms:pliant,supple
Antonyms:defiant,adamant,rigid,obdurate
Sentence:Asbabiesgrowbiggertheirbonesbecome
lesspliable.
Plummet:Tofallsuddenly(vpkud fxjuk)
Synonyms:tumble,plunge,nosedive
Antonyms:ascend,rise
Sentence: In Tokyo, share prices have plummeted
forthesixthsuccessiveday.
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Poignancy:Qualitythataffectsdeeplyandmakes
onefeelverysad (ekfeZdrk)
(SSCCGL2011)
Synonyms:pathos,piteousness,misery
Antonyms:cheer,glee,happiness,joy
Sentence:Aftertrainaccidentthepoignancyofthe
scenewasunexplainabul.
Polemic:Argumentation (fooknkRed)
Synonyms:debate,contention,discussion
Antonyms:accord,harmony,agreement
Sentence:Thebookisbothahistoryandapassionate
polemicfortolerance.
Poltroon:Coward(lkglghu] Mjiksd] L=kSu)
Synonyms:craven,sissy,henpecked
Antonyms:brave
Sentence:Hewaslabeledapoltroonsinceherefused
togooutinthedarkonhisown.
Ponderous:Movingheavilyandslowly
(Hkkjh&Hkjde)
Synonyms:lumbering,cumbersome,graceless
Antonyms:airy,buoyant,delicate,light
Sentence: She watched the cows ponderous
progress.
Pragmatic:Practical (O;kogkfjd)
(SSCCGL2010)
Synonyms:Realistic,logical,expedient
Antonyms:idealistic,unreasonable
Sentence:TheCompanytookapragmaticdecision
basedonlocalconditions.
Precarious:Dependentuponchance,risky
(vfuf'pr)
(SSCCGL2010)
Synonyms:uncertain,insecure,hazardous,perilous
Antonyms:assured,undeniable,reliable,substantial
Sentence:Theworldisaprecariousandanunstable
place.
Precocious:Showingprematuredevelopment
(vlkef;d)
Synonyms:gifted,talented
Sentence: She burst on the world tennis scene as a
precocious14yearold.
Predispose:Togiveanideabeforehand,make
susceptible(vkxs ls Bhd djuk)
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Synonyms:lead,prompt,liable,make,vulnerable
Antonyms:discourage,dissuade
Sentence:Hisattitudepredisposesthathewillcheat
aday.
Preposterous:Absurd,ridiculous (csgwnk)
Synonyms:outrageous,ludicrous
Antonyms:reasonable,sensible
Sentence: The whole idea was preposterous.
Presumptuous: To be forward and arrogant (/`"V)
Synonyms:brazen,impertinent,impudent
Antonyms:unassuming,modest,bashful,unobtrusive
Sentence: It would be presumptuous to accuse
Mohanwithouthavingproofofhisguilt.
Pretentious:Affectedlygrand,Ostentatious
(vfHkekuh)
Synonyms:Flashy,flaunty,grandiloquent
Antonyms:humble,modest
Sentence: His remorse was full of pretentious
nonsense
Prevaricate:Toavoidgivingadirectanswer
(Ny&diV djuk)
Synonyms:equivocate,dodge,fence,beataboutthe
bush
Sentence:Theministerscontinuetoprevaricate.
Pristine:Inperfectcondition,immaculate
(vifjofrZr)
Synonyms:unspoilt,spotless,flawless,unsullied
Sentence:Weenjoyedlosingourselvesinthepristine
surroundingsmorethanweenjoyedthecompetition.
Proclivity:Anaturaltendencyorinclination,usually
abadone (>qdko)
Synonyms: Disposition, propensity, penchant,
predilection
Antonyms:disinclination
Sentence: The government has a proclivity for
spendingmoney.
Procrastinate:dawdle (Vkyuk)
(SSCCGL2011)
Synonyms:Loiter,linger,tarry,wait
Antonyms:accelerate,advance,quicken
Sentence:Winnersdontmakeexcusesandtheynever
procrastinate.
Prodigal:Recklesslywasteful(fiQtwy[kpZ)
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Synonyms:extravagant,lavish,spendthrift,profligate
Antonyms:careful,thrifty
Sentence: They criticized the administration for its
prodigalways.
Prodigy:Ahighlygiftedchild(foy{k.krk)
Synonyms:genius,mastermind,virtuoso
Antonyms:normal,average,mediocre,common
Sentence: The teacher pointed to prodigy of my
youngestson.
Progenitor:Ancestor (vxzxkeh)
Synonyms:antecedent,predecessor
Antonyms:descendent
Sentence:Hewastheprogenitorofadistinguished
family.
Prognosis:Aprediction,forecasting(iwokZuqeku)
(SSCCGL2011)
Synonyms:projection,prophecy
Sentence:Itsmyprognosisthathemightbeabank
PO.
Proletarian:Ordinaryworkingclasspeople (Jethoh
O;fDr)
Synonyms:bourgeois,plebeian,commoner
Antonyms:aristocratic,rich,luxurious
Sentence:Ithinkthatproletarianreferendumdecides
therullingclass.
Proliferate:Toincreaserapidly(la[;k esa c<+uk)
Synonyms:multiply,burgeon,escalate
Antonyms:decrease,deplete,diminish
Sentence:Inrecentyearscommercial,cultural,travel
andothercontactshaveproliferatedbetweenEurope
andChina.
Prophylactic:Preventingorguardingagainst
disease (jksx fujks/d)
(SSCCGL2010)
Synonyms:precautionary,anticipatory,inhibitive
Sentence: Vaccination and other prophylactic
measuresshouldbecarriedoutonchildren.
Propitiate:Conciliate(larq"V djuk)
Synonyms:Assuage,appease,mollify,pacify,placate
Antonyms:Aggravate,incite,provoke,stimulate
Sentence: The criminal offered bribe to propitiate
thepoliceofficerandreleasehim.
Prosaic:Dullandnotshowinganyimagination
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(uhjl)
Synonyms:mundane,trite,humdrum,lackluster
Antonyms:creative,imaginative,interesting
Sentence: His instructor offered a more prosaic
explanationforthesurgeinJohnsinterest.
Proscribe:Toforbid (cfg"dkj djuk] fu"ks/ djuk)
Synonyms:banish,outlaw,prohibit,embargo
Antonyms:solicit,include,permit,sanction
Sentence:Usuallythegovernmentproscribessome
unlicenceddrugs.
Proselytize:Totrytopersuadeotherstoaccept
differentreligionsorbeliefs(/ekZUrj.k djuk)
Synonyms:evangelize,convert,recruit
Antonyms:hold,remain
Sentence: I assured him we had not dropped in to
proselytize.
Protean:Verychangeable,versatile (cgq:fi;k)
Synonyms:variable,kaleidoscopic,fluctuating
Antonyms:stable,unchangeable
Sentence:Heisaproteanstylistwhocangetanyone
attracted.
Protg:Personreceivingprotectionandsupport
frompatron (vkfJr)
Synonyms:trainee,apprentice,charge
Antonyms:leader
Sentence:HehadbeenaprotgofCaptainSingh.
Provenance:Originorsourceofsomething
(mRifk LFkku)
Synonyms:pedigree,etymology,roots
Antonyms:end,finish
Sentence:Theprovenanceofthistrickleisacomplete
mystery.
Puerile:Childish,suitableforchildratherthanan
adult(cpdkuk)
Synonyms:infantile,juvenile,adolescent
Antonyms:wise,profound,sensible
Sentence: Concert organizers branded the groups
actionsaspuerile.
Pugnacity:Combativeness,aggression(>xM+kywiu)
Synonyms:belligerence,hostility
Antonyms:defense,resistance
Sentence: He is known for his fearlessness and
pugnacity.
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Puissant:Powerful,strong(l'kDr)
Synonyms:potent,mighty,stalwart
Antonyms:impotent,ineffective
Sentence:Apuissantmansinfluencesareawesome.
Pulchritude:Physicalbeauty ([kwclwjrh)
Synonyms:comeliness,attractiveness
Antonyms:ugliness
Sentence: Catherines pulchritude took my breath
away.
Punctilious:careful(ckjhfd;ksa ij ;ku nsus okyk)
(SSCCGL2011)
Synonyms: Conscientious, scrupulous, meticulous,
precise
Antonyms:inattentive,incautious,informal
Sentence:Theteachercorrectedtheessayinavery
punctiliousmanner,criticizingthestudentforeventhe
slightestmistakes.
Purgatory:remorse,stateofsuffering
('kqf dk LFkku)
Synonyms:torment,affliction,tribulation
Sentence:Gettingupat4oclockinthemorningis
sheerpurgatory.
Purport:Toclaim,intent(vfHkizk;)
Synonyms:import,allege,profess
Sentence:Thebookdoesnotpurporttobeacomplete
historyoftheperiod.
Pusillanimous:frightened,cowardly
(detksj fny okyk)
Synonyms:fainthearted,timid,timorous
Antonyms:bold,brave,courageous
Sentence: The authorities have been too
pusillanimousinmerelycondemningtheviolence.
Putrid:Decayingandthereforesmellingverybad
(lM+k gqvk)
Synonyms:rotten,decaying,putrefied,decomposing,
fetid
Antonyms:fresh,perfumed
Sentence:Thedrainswereoverflowingwithgarbage
andtheputridstenchwasalmostunbearable.
Q
Quack:Anuntrainedpersonwhopracticesmedicine
fraudulently(uhe gdhe)
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Synonyms:Charlatan,mountebank,imposter,fraudster
Antonyms:genuine,original,real
Sentence:Ihavegotacheck-upwiththequacknext
week.
Quaff:Todrinkalargeamountofsomethingwith
relish(,d gh lkal esa ihuk)
Synonyms:guzzle
Antonyms:eject,vomit
Sentence: They spent the evening quaffing
champagne.
Quagmire:wet,boggyground,adifficultor
inextricableposition(nyny)
Synonyms:Quandary,dilemma,imbroglio
Antonyms:blessing,solution,success
Sentence: His people had fallen further and further
intothequagmireofconfusion.
Quandary:Dilemma;perplexity(vka'kdk)
Synonyms:predicament,impasse
Antonyms:advantage,certainty,solution
Sentence: Sumit was in quandary should he go or
not?
Querulous:Complaining,whining(foykih)
(SSCAuditor2005)
Synonyms:fretful,irascible,peevish,petulant
Antonyms:cheerful,happy
Sentence:Hecomplainedinaquerulousvoiceabout
havingbeenwokenup.
Quiescent:Inactive,inert (ekSu)
Synonyms:latent,dormant
Antonyms:active
Sentence:Wedecided tospend ourweekend inthe
quiescent seaside of Panama Beach.
Quintessence: The perfect example (lkjrRo)
Synonyms:embodiment,exemplar,epitome
Sentence: The temple was the quintessence of
ancientart.
Quixotic:imaginativeideasorplans(foy{k.k)
Synonyms:impractical,idealistic,utopian
Antonyms:practical
Sentence:Hehasalwayslivedhislifebyahopelessly
quixoticcodeofhonour.
Quotidian:Ordinary;common(nSfud)
Synonyms:daily,standard,typical
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Antonyms:exciting,unusual
Sentence: Television has become a part of our
Quotidianexistence.
R
Raconteur:storyteller(c;ku djusokyk)
Synonyms:narrator
Sentence:Hespokeeightlanguagesandwasanoted
raconteur.
Ragamuffin:Personwearingtatteredclothes
(iQVsgky)
Synonyms:Urchin,vagrant,waif
Antonyms:Sophisticate,dandy,stylish,modern.
Sentence:Afewpeopoleareboundtoberagamuffins
inIndia.
Raiment:Clothing(iks'kkd)
Synonyms:Attire,dress,clothes.
Sentence:Iwantnothingbutraimentanddailybread.
Rampant:Growinginprofusion;unrestrained
(vfu;af=kr)
Synonyms: Uncontrolled, excessive, exuberant,
pandemic,prevalant
Antonyms:Controlled,limited,restrained
Sentence:SwinefluehasbecomerampantinSouth
Delhi.
Rancid:Havingthebedsmell,spoiled(cklh)
Synonyms:stale,putrid,foul,noxious
Antonyms:perfumed,sweet
Sentence:Therewasarancidsmellcomingfromthe
kitchen.
Rancour:Acontinuingandbitterhate(fon~o"s k)
Synonyms:malice,spite,malevolence,animosity
Antonyms:kindness,love,respect,sympathy
Sentence: She learned to accept criticism without
rancour.
Rankle:Tomakefeelangryorupsetforalongtime
(iduk)
Synonyms:annoy,nettle,infuriate,pique
Antonyms:delight,please
Sentence: Sunidhi refused to marry Ramesh still
rankleswithhim.
Rapacious:Plundering,greedy (ykyph)
Synonyms:avaricious,ravenous,usurious
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Antonyms:benevolent,generous
Sentence: The oil fields have been depleted by a
rapaciousexploitationpolicy.
Ratification:Approveformally(vuqleFkZu)
(SSCAuditor2003)
Synonyms:Confirm,verify,sanction,permission
Antonyms:rejection,repudiation
Sentence:Aftermanymonthsandmanynegotiations,
theratificationofthetreatywasaccomplished.
Ravage:Todestroyviolently;ruin(uk'k)
(SSCAuditor2005)
Synonyms:pillage,devastate,demolish
Antonyms:aid,assist,help,protect
Sentence:Fortwodecadescountryhasbeenravaged
bycivilwarandforeignintervention.
Ravenous:Wildlyhungry;Voracious ({kq/krqj)
Synonyms:starved,famished,insatiable,gluttonous
Antonyms:full,satisfied
Sentence: Amy realized that she had eaten nothing
sinceleavingBrutonStreetandshewasravenous.
Recalcitrant:Resistant;stubborn;unmanageable
(vfM+;y)
Synonyms:intractable,rebellious,mutinous,refractory
Antonyms:amenable,obedient,passive
Sentence:Recalcitrantemployermightseektoargue
thattheuniondoesnotcomewithcleanhands.
Recluse:Hermit,Solitary (cSjkxh)
Synonyms:Ascetic,monk,introvert
Antonyms:extrovert
Sentence: The 5th duke was an eccentric recluse,
whoshunnedvisitors.
Reconnaissance:Surveillancebyarmy
(tklwlh ns[k&Hkky)
Synonyms:surveillance,exploration,examination
Sentence: The helicopter was returning from
reconnaissance mission.
Rectitude:Integrity,honesty,uprightness(vktZo)
Synonyms:Righteousness,equity,scrupulousness
Antonyms:dishonesty,infamy
Sentence:Theresbigambition,deepresentment,and
fiscalrectitude.
Recumbent:Lyingdown(ysVk gqvk)
Synonyms:leaning,reclining,prostrate,supine
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Antonyms:straight,vertical
Sentence:Heliesrecumbentinhisarmoronabed
ofpebbles,lookingeerilyalive.
Redolent: Sweet smelling (lqxfU/r)
Synonyms:fragrant,aromatic
Antonyms:noxious,putrid,stale,stinking
Sentence:Thedrawingroomisintheoldestpartof
theproperty,stillredolentwith17thcenturycharacter.
Redoubtable:Formidable;Fearsome;imposing
(ngyk nsus okyk)
Synonyms:Daunting,indomitable,resolute,doughty
Antonyms:friendly,harmless
Sentence:Australiawillbearedoubtableopponent
inthefinals.
Refractory:Obstinate;unmanageable;disobedient
(gBhyk@vfM+;y)
Synonyms: Obdurate, recalcitrant, intransigent,
intractable
Antonyms:manageable,obedient
Sentence:Hewasarefractorypriestwhorefusedto
sidewiththeking.
Regale:Toentertain;amuse(izlUu djuk)
Synonyms:fascinate,captivate,beguile
Antonyms:bore,tire
Sentence: He regularly regales friends with
humorousstories.
Relic:Somethingleftfromanearliertime(vo'ks"k)
Synonyms:vestige,trace,artifact
Sentence: These precious relics were surely taken
withoutconsentinthefirstplace.
Remiss:Negligent;Derelict (csijokg)
Synonyms:irresponsible,careless,lackadaisical
Antonyms:careful,scrupulous,thoughtful
Sentence:IshallalwaysregretthatIwassoremiss.
Remonstrate:Toprotest (mykguk)
Synonyms:Expostulate,complain
Antonyms:agree, concede
Sentence: He remonstrated with the referee about
hisdismissal.
Renege:togobackon (budkj)
Synonyms:default;repudiate
Antonyms:admit,approve
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Sentence: In a way I had not reneged on previous
preoccupations.
Repartee:Quick-wittyreply(el[kjkiu dk tokc)
(SSCCGL2011)
Synonyms:Retort,riposte,banter
Antonyms:argument,fight
Sentence:Thissmartreparteehadthedesiredeffect,
andtheyallretiredimmediately.
Repercussion:Consequence (izfrfozQ;k)
Synonyms:Effect,reaction,rebound,reverberation
Antonyms:origin,cause,source
Sentence: If you substitute the word repercussions
forconsequencesanditmakessense,youareusingit
properly.
Replete:Wellfilled;stuffed(ifjiw.kZ)
Synonyms:satiated,gorged,overflowing,brimming
Antonyms:empty,needy,wanting
Sentence: Online articles are often replete with
cutting-edgeinformationonjustabouteverytopic.
Reprehensible:Objectionable;culpable;
blameworthy(nks"kkjksi.k djus ;ksX;)
Synonyms:deplorable,despicable,erring,opprobrious
Antonyms:good,kind,respectable
Sentence:Ithink,frankly,alotofthestoriesthatwent
on were absolutely reprehensible.
Reprimand:Rebukeseverelyorformally(iQVdkj)
Synonyms:admonish,criticize,chastise,chide,upbraid
Antonyms:praise,reward,forgiveness
Sentence:Hewaslaterformallyreprimandedbythe
policefortheattack.
Reprobate:Apersonwhobehavesinanimmoral
way(fujuqeksnu djuk] f/Ddkjuk)
Synonyms:Rogue,rascal,villain,wretch
Antonyms:decent,honorable,trustworthy
Sentence: Christianity reprobates to enernal
punishmentinhellp.
Repudiate:Tobanish,renounce(ifjR;kx djuk)
Synonyms:reject,abandon,disavow,discard
Antonyms:admit,approve
Sentence:Why,inspiteofrepeatedwarnings,didhe
notrepudiatethematthetime?
Rescind:Torevoke;cancel (j dj nsuk)
Synonyms:repeal,abrogate,annul,void
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Antonyms:allow,approve,permit
Sentence:Inspiteoftheproblematictiming,theBritish
didnotrescindtheirinvitation.
Resplendent:Dazzling,splendid (pedhyk)
Synonyms:Radiant,glittering,spectacular,magnificent
Antonyms:cloudy,dull,gloomy
Sentence: The Buddha shines resplendent all day
andallnight.
Restitution:Payfordamage;reimbursement
(eqvkotk)
Synonyms:compensation,indemnity,remuneration
Antonyms:fee,penalty
Sentence:Fullrestitutionofcivilrightstocatholics,
however,hasstillnotbeencompleted.
Resuscitate:Torevive (iquthZfor djuk)
Synonyms:rescue,resurrect,revitalize,rejuvenate
Antonyms:demolish,destroy,ruin
Sentence: It appears to have been assumed that
patientswhowerenotimmediatelyresuscitatedwould
die.
Reticent:Reserved,uncommunicative (vYiHkk"kh)
Synonyms:introvert,diffident,inhibited,withdrawn
Antonyms:communicative,talkative,chatty
Sentence:Mr.Sushilisnormallyareticentman.
Retinue:Followers,attendants(vuqpjoxZ)
Synonyms:encourage,escort
Sentence:Heatoncecalledalltheroyalretinuefor
asuddenmeeting.
Retort:Aquicksharpreply(eqg
a rksM+ tokc)
Synonyms:rejoinder,response,riposte
Antonyms:question,request
Sentence:Hissharpretortclearlymadeanimpact.
Retribution:Severepunishment (izfrdkj)
Synonyms:reprisal,retaliation,nemesis
Antonyms:forgiveness,pardon,sympathy
Sentence:Hedidntwantanyfurtherinvolvementfor
fearofretribution.
Ribald:Obscene,bawdy,wanton (vf'k"V)
Synonyms:lewd,lascivious,vulgar,indecent
Antonyms:chaste,clean,decent
Sentence:Shemadesomeribaldcommentsabouta
fellowguestsbodylanguage.
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Rigmarole:Alongandcomplicatedprocedureto
getsomething(csfljiSj dh ckr] vuki&'kuki)
Synonyms:ceremony,ritual,procedure
Sentence: I had no wish to go through the whole
rigmaroleagainandsoInippedtheprobleminthe
bud.
Ruddy:Lookingredandhealthy(xqykch gksuk)
Synonyms:Rubicund
Antonyms:pale,pallid
Sentence:Hehadanaturallyruddycomplexion,even
moreflushednowfromdancing.
Ruse:Artifice,Stratagem,Poly (pky)
Synonyms:Trick,tactic,contrivance,subterfuge
Antonyms:honesty,openness,truthfulness
Sentence:Shetriedtothinkofarusetogethimout
ofthehouse.
S
Sadistic:Inclinedtocruelty(ijihM+u&dkeqd)
Synonyms:brutal,barbarous,perverted,vicious
Antonyms:Humane,kind,merciful
Sentence:He took sadistic pleasurein taunting the
boy.
Sagacious:showinggoodjudgmentand
understanding (es/koh)
Synonyms:wise,discerning,astute,perspicacious
Antonyms:careless,foolish,ignorant,stupid
Sentence: He is regarded as a wise and sagacious
leader.
Salacious:lustful(dkekrqj)
Synonyms:lecherous,wanton,obscene,ribald
Antonyms:pure,spiritual
Sentence:Keepyourkidsawayfromsalaciousfellow.
Salubrious:Cleanandhealthy(LokLF;izn)
Synonyms:wholesome,salutary
Antonyms:insalubrious,unhealthy,unwholesome
Sentence: The promotion of salubrious hair is a
popularissueinwomensmagazinearticlesofthisera.
Sanguine:Cheerfulandconfidantaboutfuture
(vk'kkoknh)
Synonyms:optimistic,bullish,hopeful
Antonyms: despondent, pessimistic, depressed,
despairing
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Sentence:Weshouldnot,however,betoosanguine.
Satiate:Tosatisfyfully(ifjr`Ir)
Synonyms:Quench,slake
Antonyms:deprive,dissatisfy
Sentence:Itistoohottodayandevencoldwaterdoes
notsatiateourthirst.
Saturnine:Gloomy(xexhu)
Synonyms:morose,somber,melancholy,lugubrious
Antonyms:cheerful,happy,nice,pleasant
Sentence:Hepaintedallthewallsinhishouseadull
lead grey that perfectly matched his saturnine
personality.
Savant:Alearnedperson;eminentscholar(fo}ku~)
Synonyms:philosopher,guru,solomon
Antonyms: amateur
Sentence: Savant skills appear very early in life,
creatingtheappearanceofgeniusorprodigy.
Scourge:Severesufferingortrouble
(pkcqd ls ekjuk] yksdda.Vd] vkiQr)
Synonyms:affliction,bane,curse,misfortune
Antonyms:advantage,benefit,boon,blessing
Sentence: The inspector ordered the constable to
punishthethiefwithscourge.
Heisthescourgeofallmysteriousevents.
Scurrilous:Foul-mouthed(viekutud)
Synonyms:Abusive,indecent,lewd,obscene,ribald
Antonyms:clean,polite,decent
Sentence: His father was a scurrilous man of ill
reputeandneverhonouredanywere.
Sedentary:Requiringsitting;deskbound(vklhu)
Synonyms:inactive,stationary
Antonyms:active,energetic,mobile
Sentence:Theworkatthetypinginstitutemadhima
sedentary worker.
Sedition:Rebellionagainstthegovernmentinpower
(jktnzkgs )
Synonyms:revolt,mutiny,insurrection,fomentation
Antonyms:loyalty,harmony
Sentence:Ifthebannersandflagsareshiftedabout,
seditionisafoot.
Sedulous:Diligent;Assiduous(ifjJeh)
Synonyms:meticulous,industrious,punctilious,
Antonyms:inactive,languid,lethargic
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Sentence:Youmustbeasedulousstudentifyouwant
tomemorizenewvocabulary.
Senility:Mentalweaknesscausedduetooldage
(cq<+kik)
Synonyms:dotage,infirmity,decrepitude
Antonyms:adolescence,childhood,infancy,youth
Sentence:Hissomewhatsenilemindwasstrivingfor
forgottenmemories.
Sepulcher: grave; tomb (lekf/)
Synonyms:vault,mausoleum,crypt
Sentence: The sepulcher of EmperorAkbar is at
FatehpurSikri
Sequester: To set apart (i`Fkd)
Synonyms:separate,isolate,seclude
Antonyms:combine,unite,join
Sentence:Insomecasesthiscouldbelargerthanthe
amountofcarbonsequesteredintrees.
Serenity:Thequalityorstateofbeingcalm('kkafr)
Synonyms:sangfroid,placidity,tranquility
Antonyms:agitation,disruption,excitement,trouble
Sentence: The only hotel of us asked the royal
Caribbeancrystalserenitylast.
Sinuous:Bending;winding(Vs<k+ )
Synonyms:circuitous,serpentine,meandering
Antonyms:straight,untwisted,unwinding
Sentence: The mountanious course of a river is
sinuous .
Slander:Defamation(cnukeh)
Synonyms: calumny, libel, aspersion, vilification,
disparagement
Antonyms:applaud,approve,commend,exalt
Sentence:Letusnotslanderourintelligencetothat
degree.
Sleight:Skilled;dexterity (/wrZrk)
Synonyms:adroitness,deftness,nimbleness
Antonyms:innocence,honesty
Sentence: Sleight of hand magic has won him
numerousawardsalloverthecountry.
Sloth:lazyandunwillingtowork(lqLrh)
Synonyms:lethargy,torpidity,indolence,lassitude
Antonyms:active,diligent,hardworking,industrious
Sentence:Slothishishabit.
Slovenly:Careless;untidy(eSyk&dqpSyk)
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Synonyms:unkempt,sloppy,disheveled
Antonyms:clean,ordered,organized
Sentence: The church ways are kept in a very
slovenly manner.
Solicitous:Showingattentionorconcern (fpark'khy]
;ku j[kus okyk)
(SSCCGL2010)
Synonyms:considerate,thoughtful,interested
Antonyms:unafraid,unworried
Sentence:Heseemstobesolicitousabouthisfriend's
health.
Spasmodic:sporadic;periodic(vfu;fer)
Synonyms:intermittent,fitful,erratic,irregular
Antonyms:resting,uninterrupted
Sentence:Hisspasmodicstudycauseof hisfailure
intheexamination.
Specious:Seemingrightortruebutactuallywrong
(fn[kkSok] mQij ls vkd"kZd)
Synonyms:misleading,deceptive,fallacious,sophistic,
casuistic
Antonyms:real,true,valid,credible
Sentence: In my opinon he has no command over
subject. His boasting has a good teacher is wholly
specious.
Splenetic:Badtemperedandangry (ozQks/h)
Synonyms:peevish,cross,fretful,petulant,irascible
Antonyms:kind,peaceful
Sentence: Normally sweet and kind, she had a
spleneticsidethatoccasionallyshoweditself.
Sporadic:Onandoff(fNViqV)
Synonyms: intermittent, irregular, occasional,
spasmodic
Antonyms:constant,continuous
Sentence: Flowers grown in different soils show
sporadicgrowthspurts.
Spurious:Counterfeit (cukoVh)
(SSCCGL2010)
Synonyms:Deceptive,false,fake,unreal
Antonyms:authentic,genuine,real,true
Sentence:Hisclaimofsuccesswiththecheerleader
was spurious.
Spurn:Torejectorrefuseinaproudway
(frjLdkj djuk)
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Synonyms:despise,disdain,scorn,repudiate
Antonyms:embrace,want,welcome
Sentence:Industryisstillspurnedbytheyoung-or
isitbytheparentsoftheyoung?
Squander:Waste(mM+kmQiu)
(SSCCGL2010)
Synonyms:prodigal,dissipate,lavish,scatter
Antonyms:concise,economy
Sentence: The officer squandered the money
reservedinthedepartment.
Stentorian:Loudandpowerful (cqyan)
Synonyms:Strident,blaring,raucous,sonorous
Antonyms:soft,weak
Sentence:Stentorianvoice,tokeepeveryoneinorder.
Stolid:Notshowingmuchemotionandinterest
(vkosxghu)
Synonyms:impassive,apathetic,phlegmatic,placid
Antonyms:aware,intelligent,interested
Sentence:An idle student has always stolid nature
regardingindustry.
Strident:harsh-sounding;shrill(,dVd)
Synonyms: Grating, vociferous, raucous, jarring,
dissonant
Antonyms:low,mild,moderate,soft
Sentence:Thelastelectioncampaignseemedtome
tobetoostrident.
Stupor:Unconsciousandunabletoactorthink
normally(O;keksg)
Synonyms:daze,torpor,coma,lethargy
Antonyms:consciousness,sensibility,sensitive,feeling
Sentence:Inlargerdosesitcausesstupor,comaand
convulsions.
Subservient: behaving like a slave (v/hu)
Synonyms:servile,deferential,docile,acquiescent
Antonyms:controlling,domineering
Sentence:Thetroubleis,Imnotreallysuitedtohotel
work,andImjustnotsubservientenough.
Subterfuge:deception (Ny)
Synonyms:Artifice,trickery,guile,chicanery,sophistry,
fraudulence
Antonyms:candor,frankness,honesty,innocence
Sentence: He speaks as he sees, without political
subterfuge.
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Succinct:Concise (laf{kIRk)
Synonyms:brief,pithy,compact,laconic,terse
Antonyms:lengthy,wordy,verbose
Sentence: This is necessary to keep the overall
documentsuccinct.
Succor:Tohelporassist(ijs'kkuh esa lgk;rk)
Synonyms:aid,support
Antonyms:hindrance,obstruction
Sentence: Helicopters fly in appalling weather to
succorshipwreckedmariners.
Succulent:Juicy (jlhyk)
Synonyms:luscious,pulpy,delectable,palatable
Antonyms:dry
Sentence:Itseemedtobelongerandmoresucculent
herethananywhereelseinthefield.
Sully:Tosoil;stain;tarnish(eSyk djuk)
Synonyms:besmirch,taint,blemish,contaminate,defile
Antonyms:clean
Sentence: She claimed they were sullying the
Congresspartysgoodname.
Sumptuous:Involvinggreatexpense (oSHko'kkyh)
Synonyms:lavish,luxurious,opulent,extravagant,lush
Antonyms:mean,poor,wanting
Sentence: To maintain a luxurious car is not
sumptuousforawealthybusinessman.
Supercilious:Disdainfulorcontemptuous(naHkh)
(SSCAuditor2005)
Synonyms:haughty,arrogant,condescending,snobbish
Antonyms:humble,modest
Sentence:Hereyebrowswerearchedinsupercilious
surprise.
Supine:Lyingonback;prostate(ykijokg] vkylh)
Synonyms:Recumbent
Sentence: During treatment, patients lay supine on
thetreatmentcouchforaround3hrs.
Surfeit:Surplus;profusion(vfrHkkstu djuk)
Synonyms:abundance,glut,overdose
Antonyms:lack,need,necessity,want
Sentence:Inotherwords,thereisahugeshortageof
moneyandavastsurfeitofdebt.
Surmise:Toguess;conjecture ('kadk)
Synonyms:speculate,infer
Antonyms:calculation,knowledge,measurement
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Sentence: There is so little to go on, we can only
surmise what happened.
Surreptitious:Clandestine;private,hidden
(Ny ls fd;k gqvk)
Synonyms:Covert,secret,stealthy,furtive,concealed
Antonyms:open,public,candid
Sentence: He made a surreptitious entrance to the
clubthroughthelittledoorinthebrickwall.
T Synonyms: boldness, brass, carelessness, daring,
Taciturn:habituallysilent;talkinglittle
(vYiHkk"kh] pqi)
Synonyms:silent,uncommunicative,reticent,quiet
Antonyms:communicative,fluent,talkative,wordy,
Garrulous
Sentence: He was as grave and taciturnas some
cave-keepinganchorite.
Taint:contaminate;causetolosepurity
(nwf"kr djuk] dyafdr djuk)
Synonyms:defect,flaw,pollute,poison
Antonyms:cleanliness,perfection
Sentence:Letusremovethetaintwhichpoisonsthe
veryspringofourreligiousthought.
Taper:verythincandle;gradualdecreaseinthe
widthofalongobject(iryh ekseckh] mQij dh vksj
iryk gksrk tkuk)
Synonyms:abate,dwindle,fade,lessen
Antonyms: go up, increase, rise, enhance, enlarge,
extend
Sentence:Slowlytaperoffintoretirementincomeand
thatlonggoodnight.
Tardy:slow;notontime(<hyk] nh?kZlw=kh] /hek)
Synonyms:dawdling,delayed,dilatory,sluggish
Antonyms:early,ontime,prompt,punctual,ready
Sentence: Of course there will be exceptions when
youhavenochoicebuttobetardy.
Tawdry:cheapandgaudy
(?kfV;k] fn[kykoVh] HkM+dhyk)
Synonyms: crude, flaring, flashy, flaunting, garish,
gaudy
Antonyms:nice,sophisticated
Sentence:Granite,ormarble,orbronzewouldseem
tawdryadditiontothosesublimealtarsofhumanity.
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Tedium:astateofboredomormonotony
(uhjlrk] mckmQiu)
Synonyms:boredom,tediousness,dullness
Antonyms:amusement,animation
Sentence:Scientistsarearguingthattediumisgood
foryourbrain.
Temerity:boldness;rashness
(nqLlkgl] xqLrk[kh] vfoosd)
effrontery,foolhardiness
Antonyms:care,caution
Sentence:ThetemerityofRamtoproposeworngly
cuasedhispunishment.
Tempestuous:stormy;violent;impassioned
(vaf/;kjk] rwiQkuh] izp.M)
Synonyms:agitated, blustering, boisterous, excited,
furious,gusty,heated
Antonyms:calm,gentle,mild,moderate
Sentence:Themoonhadbeenupforsometime,but
hadbeenquiteconcealedbytempestuousclouds.
Tensile:capableofbeingstretched (ruu)
Synonyms: adjustable, bending, ductile, elastic,
extensible,extensile,flexile
Antonyms: brittle, inflexible, resistant, rigid, stiff,
unbendable
Sentence: Tensile wires permit a larger spacing
betweenposts.
Tepid:lukewarm;slightlywarm
(cseu ls fn;k x;k] mRlkgghu] xquxquk)
Synonyms: apathetic, disinterested, halfhearted,
indifferent,languid,mild,moderate
Antonyms: cold, hot, agog, arctic, ardent, avid,
benumbed,bitter,bleak,chill
Sentence:Useonlytepidwaterandamicro-fibercloth
tocleanmirrors.
Therapeutic: curative (mipkjkRed] fpfdRlk lac/a h)
Synonyms:curative,healing,corrective,remedial
Antonyms:adverse,damaging,deleterious,detrimental,
harmful,infectious,injurious
Sentence: Onseveraloccasionsintervieweestoldme
thattheyfoundtheinterviewstherapeutic.
Thermal:pertainingtoheat;producingheat
(xje ikuh dk] m".krk lEcU/h)
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Synonyms:heated,hot,scorching
Antonyms:cool,temperate
Sentence:Thethermalcameraswillalsopickupany
changesintemperature.
Thespian:pertainingtodrama
(ukV~; lac/a h] vfHkusrk)
Synonyms:artist,character,entertainer,star
Antonyms:normal,ordinary,undramatic
Sentence:Hersuccessinschoolplayconvincedher
thatshewasdestinedforathespiancareer.
Thrifty:carefulaboutmoney;economical(fdiQk;rh]
ferO;;h)
Synonyms:conserving,frugal,mean,parsimonious
Antonyms: extravagant, spendthrift, uneconomical,
wasteful
Sentence:Thechildrenoftherichareprivileged,but
manywho donot carryabalanceontheir cardsare
simplyprudentorthrifty.
Throttle:regulatethespeedofwithathrottle
(xyk ?kksVa uk] lkal jksduk)
Synonyms:smother,strangle,strangulate,suppress
Antonyms:restore,resuscitate,revive.
Sentence:Theresatillerhandlewithatwistthrottle
similartoamotorcycleonthesteeringhandle.
Thwart:blockorhinder
(jksduk] O;FkZ dj nsuk] vkM+k r[rk] Vs<k+ )
Synonyms:baffle,balk,check,circumvent,curb
Antonyms:aid,assist,encourage,forward,help
Sentence:Workingtothwartdepartmentsisworking
againstyourself.
Timidity:lackofself-confidenceorcourage
(?kcjkgV] Mj)
Synonyms:bashfulness,quiet,reserve
Antonyms:assurance,audacity,backbone,boldness,
bravery
Sentence: You must lose your timidity for your
successfulfuture.
Timorous:fearful;timid;demonstratingfear
(Mjiksd] Mjk gqvk)
Synonyms:apprehensive,faint,fainthearted,fearful,
hesitant,meek,shrinking
Antonyms:bold,brazen
Sentence:A timorousperson never raises voice
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againsttyrany.
Tirade:longangrydenunciatoryspeech
(funakRed ckrsa ;k fuankRed izcU/)
Synonyms: anger, berating, censure, condemnation,
diatribe,harangue,invective
Antonyms:calm,harmony,peace
Sentence: The customer responded with a verbal
tiradedirectedatthemanagersforeignorigin.
Titillate:tickle;excitepleasantly
(xqnxqnkuk] lgykuk] mksftr djuk)
Synonyms:amuse,arouse,stimulate
Antonyms:disenchant,repulse,turnoff
Sentence: Titillate the curiosity of a medieval
audience.
Torpor:lethargy;sluggishness
(vdeZ.;rk] vkyl] fBBqjkgV)
Synonyms:apathy,disinterest,dormancy,drowsiness,
dullness,idleness,inactivity,languor
Antonyms:ambition,ardor,attention,attentiveness,
awareness
Sentence:Duringwinteritenterstorporeverywhere.
Torque:forceproducingrotation
(lksus ds rkjksa dk cukq gqvk ,d dk.Bk] vk?kw.kZ cy)
Synonyms:force,revolution,turn,twist,twistingforce
Sentence:For theangular momentum principle,the
changeinangularmomentumisequaltothenettorque.
Torrent:rushingstream
(ckSNkj] ewlyk/kj] o"kkZ] ty izokg)
Synonyms:deluge,downpour,effusion,flood
Antonyms:dribble,drip,drought,trickle
Sentence:Halfofthecountrywasaffectedbadlyby
torrent.
Tortuous:winding;fullofcurves
(dqfVy] ?kqekonkj] tfVy] isphnk)
Synonyms:circuitous,convoluted,crooked,curved
Antonyms:direct,linear,simple,straight
Sentence:Thecalculationscanbecomplicatedbythe
tortuousaccountingusedtocalculatetheprivate-equity
industrysreturns.
Tractable:easilymanaged
(lqfo/ktud] vklkuh ls izHkkfor gksus okyk)
Synonyms: acquiescent, complaisant, controllable,
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docile,facile
Antonyms: balky, contrary, contumacious, defiant,
determined,disobedient
Sentence: The narrowing of focus allowed
concentration on problems that were more
tractableandapplicable.
Transcribe:copy;writeacopyof(izfrfyfi djuk)
Synonyms:copyout,duplicate
Sentence:Pleasetranscribewhatwastaughtinthe
class.
Transparent:permittinglighttopassthroughfreely
(lPpk] fu"diV] ikjn'khZ)
(SSCT.A.2004)
Synonyms: cellophane, clear, diaphanous, glassy,
gossamer
Antonyms:ambiguous,clouded,cloudy
Sentence:Itistransparent,withnoobviouscolours
exceptforsomesmallbrownishspots.
Transitory:transient;impermanent
({k.kHkaxqj] {kf.kd] uk'koku] vfuR;)
Synonyms: impermanent, Ephemeral, Evanescent,
transient,fleeting
Antonyms: continuing, deathless, durable, endless,
enduring
Sentence:Senateoppositiontothistreatyortosome
similaragreementisprobablytransitory.
Travail:strenuouswork;laborofchildbirth
(dM+h esgur djuk] izloihM+k)
Synonyms: agony, anguish, childbirth, drudgery,
exertion,suffering
Antonyms: alleviation, amusement, assuagement,
comfort,consolation
Sentence: Students are smart enough to see the
pressuresunderwhichtheirfacultymentorstravail.
Trepidation:fear;nervousapprehension
(?kcjkgV] daidaih)
Synonyms:agitation,apprehension
Antonyms:calm,happiness,confidence,courage
Sentence:Thepublicviewsissuesinvolvinggenetic
research with a combined sense of excitement, awe
andtrepidation.
Tribulation:suffering
(ihM+k] nk:.k nq%[k] vkifk] Dys'k)
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Synonyms:adversity,affliction,ordeal,distress
Antonyms: alleviation, assuagement, comfort,
consolation,relief,solace
Sentence:Divineinspiration,alas,hasgivenwayto
legaltribulation.
Trifling:trivial;unimportant(NksVh] rqPN)
Synonyms:dabble,dally,dawdle
Antonyms:active,all-important
Sentence:Yetthedifferenceinagewastrifling,and
ineducationslight.
Trinket:cheapjewelry
(rqPN oLrq] gydk xguk] lLrk vkHkw"k.k)
Synonyms:knickknack,bauble
Sentence:Theprizeisacheaptrinket,worthfarless
thanthemoneyyoupaidforit.
Trite:commonplace(f?klk&fiVk] th.kZ] iqjkuk)
(SSCCGL2010)
Synonyms:banal,common,hackneyed
Antonyms:absorbing,animating,energizing,engaging,
engrossing,exciting,extraordinary
Sentence: Underthe first scratch ofthe surface the
topicofnetworkcablesappearstobetrite.
Truculence:aggressiveness;ferocity(mxzrk)
Synonyms:aggression,attack,bellicose,belligerence
Antonyms:affability,amenability,amiability,amicability
Sentence:Economistspredictthatgreedwillquickly
weardownforeigninvestorstruculence.
Turgid:swollen;distended(asfromliquid)(vkMEcjh]
iwQyk gqvk] lwtk gqvk)
Synonyms:bloated,distended,inflated,puffy
Antonyms:collapsed,deflated,healthy
Sentence:Thecanvaswasmuchtoobroadandturgid,
thedetailstoonumerousandcomplex.
Turmoil:greatcommotionandconfusion
(cspSu djuk] [kycyh)
Synonyms:anxiety,commotion,confusion,disquietude
Antonyms: calm, ease, orderliness, peacefulness,
quietude,tranquility
Sentence: The resignation of the director brouth
turmoilintheoffice.
Turpitude:depravity;baseness(uhprk] Hkz"Vrk)
Synonyms: corruption, debasement, debauchery,
immorality,improbity,lewdness
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Antonyms:goodness,morality,righteousness,virtue,
probity
Sentence:Thecongresspartyhasbeendefameddue
domoralturpitudeofleaders.
Tutelage:guardianship;training;instruction(laj{krk]
ns[k&js[k] laj{k.k)
Synonyms: apprenticeship, care, coaching, custody,
guidance,instruction
Antonyms:ignorance
Sentence:Manytrapperstodaystartedtheactivityas
schoolboys under the tutelageof a father, brother,
relativeorneighbor.
Typhoon:tropicalhurricaneorcyclone
(rwiQku] izp.M rwiQku)
Synonyms:cyclone,hurricane,storm,tornado,twister
Sentence:Theglobalfinancialtyphooncausedmany
economiesfinancially.weak.
Tyro:beginner;novice(ukSflf[k;k] vkjaHk djusokyk)
Synonyms:amateur,apprentice,learner,neophyte
Antonyms: expert, master, old hand, professional,
veteran
Sentence:Infact,thetyroinmilitarymattersknows
wherethefaultlies.
U
Ubiquitous:beingeverywhere;omnipresent
(ns'kO;kih] loZO;kih)
Synonyms: all-over, everywhere, omnipresent,
pervasive,universal
Antonyms: rare, scarce
Sentence: On the downcast, rainy day the fog was
ubiquitous.
Ulterior:intentionallyhidden;beyondwhatisevident
(xqIRk] ijorhZ)
Synonyms:ambiguous,concealed,covert,cryptic,dark,
enigmatic,hidden,implied,obscure
Antonyms:expressed,known,overt,public
Sentence:Ifyoudowell,peoplewillaccuseyouof
ulteriormotives.Dowellanyway.
Ultimate:final;notsusceptibletofurtheranalysis
(loZJs"B] pje)
Synonyms: conclusive, decisive, end, eventual,
extreme,farout,farthermost,farthest
Antonyms:beginning,first,introductory,opening
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Sentence:Trusteesareauniversitysultimatedecision
makers.
Umbrage:resentment;anger;senseofinjuryor
insult(dksi] Nkag] jks"k)
Synonyms:anger,annoyance,chagrin,exasperation,
fury,grudge,irritation
Antonyms:happiness,like,love,pleasure,calm,forbear,
quiet
Sentence:Itis ariskythingto standagainst sucha
near-universaloutpouringofmoralumbrage
Unanimity:Completeagreement
(,dfprrk] loZlEefr)
Synonyms:accord,concord,concurrence,consensus,
consent,harmony,unison,unity
Antonyms:disagreement,disharmony,disunity
Sentence: He has this funny idea that agreement is
necessary to achieve political goals, and that
unanimityispreferred.
Unctuous:oily;bland;insincerelysuave([kq'kkenh)
Synonyms:fatty,greasy,oleaginous,slick
Antonyms:blunt
Sentence: That clerk always speaks in the tones of
unctuoustoanyofficer.
Undermine:weakengradually;sap
(detksj dj nsuk] [kks[kyk dj nsuk)
Synonyms:attenuate,debilitate,eat away,enfeeble,
erode
Antonyms:strengthen,bolster
Sentence: Unemployment continues to rise, which
couldundermineconsumerconfidence.
Undulating:movingwithawavelikemotion(ygkjku]
rjafxr gksuk)
Synonyms:oscillate,surge,swell,swing,wave
Antonyms:hold,persist,remain,stay
Sentence:Thebumpycountryroadwounddeeperinto
thescrublanduntilatlastanundulatingshapeappeared
inthedistance.
Unearthly-notearthly;supernatural
(jgL;e;] vikfFkZo] vykSfdd)
Synonyms: abnormal, absurd, appalling, demoniac,
Weird,eerie,ethereal,extraordinary
Antonyms:earthly,natural,physical
Sentence: Sunrise and sunset turned the sky to an
unearthlyflameofmanycolorsabovethevastwater.
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Unfledged:nothavingthefeathersnecessarytofly
(ia[kghu] fcuk iad dk)
Synonyms:callow,fledgling,immature
Antonyms:adult,advanced,experienced
Sentence:Thevehicleclosuresaretemporaryandwill
lastaslongasthereareunfledgedploverchicksinthe
area.
Ungainly:Awkwardinmovement;clumsy;unwieldy
(vlq fo/ktud)
Synonyms:awkward,gawky,graceless,lumbering
Antonyms:agile,coordinated,graceful
Sentence:Itwasanungainlycraftthatcreakedand
groanedinflight.
Unguent:ointment(ejge)
Synonyms: balm, cerate, cream, emollient, lotion,
lubricant,ointment
Sentence: They anointed the fingers with some
unguent,andlightedthem.
Unimpeachable:thatcannotbeimpeached
(nks"kjfgr] vlafnX/)
Synonyms:clean,faultless,impeccable,inculpable,
irreproachable,spotless
Antonyms:Blamable,impeachable,culpable
Sentence:Tocherishtheseloyalties,tomakepopular
these ideals, the world needs men and women of
unimpeachable character.
Unison:unityofpitch;completeaccord
(,dk] lkeatL;] ,d Loj)
Synonyms: accord, agreement, alliance, concord,
conjunction,consent
Antonyms:discord,disharmony,conflict,contention,
contest,controversy,disagreement
Sentence:Poleandlinefishingwithsixpolesworking
inunison.
Universal:Characterizingoraffectingall;present
everywhere (lkekU; izR;;] egr~] fo'olEcU/h)
Synonyms:all-inclusive,all-over,astronomical,broad,
catholic,celestial,comprehensive
Antonyms:confined,local,partial,particular
Sentence:Itisunderthisguiseonlythattheproduct
hasbeenbondedforuniversalexport.
Unkempt:disheveled;uncaredforinappearance
(fc[kjs ckyksa okyk] vLrO;Lr)
Synonyms:dirty,disarranged,disarrayed,disheveled,
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disordered
Antonyms:kempt,neat,tidy,trim,clean
Sentence: Some people are concerned that riparian
vegetationwilllookunkempt.
Unruly:disobedient;lawless;difficulttocontrol
(vo';] m.M)
Synonyms:acquiescent,agreeable,amiable,
Antonyms:assertive,bawdy,disorderly,fractious,
headstrong,imprudent
Sentence:Whilesuchanunrulystyledefiesimitation,
itsurelyinspirestheessenceofrelaxation.
Upbraid:reprimand;severelyscold(iQVdkjuk)
Synonyms: admonish, berate, blame, castigate,
censure,chastise
Antonyms:abet,applaud,approve,cheer,countenance,
encourage,endorse,extol
Sentence:Itisbettertoadvicethanupbraid,forthe
onecorrectstheerring;theotheronlyconvictsthem.
Urbane:suave;refinedinmanner;elegant
(Hkyk] fouhr] 'khyoku)
Synonyms: civil, courteous, cultivated, cultured,
debonair,elegant,genteel,gracious
Antonyms:uncivilized,uncouth,unsophisticated
Sentence:Hewasagoodinsurancebroker,urbane
andvigorous,andhecouldsell.
Utopia:idealplace,state,orsociety
(vkn'kZ] jkT;] jke&jkT;)
Synonyms: Elysian Fields, Garden of Eden, bliss,
dreamland,fairyland,heaven
Antonyms:hell
Sentence:Amitwouldhavelikedtorunofftosome
imaginaryutopia.
V
Vacillate:waver;fluctuate;swaytoandfro
(vfuf'prrk] >weuk] Mxexkuk)
Synonyms:alternate,fluctuate
Antonyms:adhere,continue,persist
Sentence:Heseemstovacillatebetweenregretand
arroganceaboutthepositionheisin.
Vagabond:wanderer;tramp(?kqeDdM+] [kkukcnks'k)
Synonyms:aimless,itinerant
Antonyms:immobile,motionless,nonmoving,static,
stationary,still
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Sentence:Vagabondstudentshavenotimeanywhere
forpractice
Vainglorious:boastful;excessivelyconceited (naHkh)
Synonyms:arrogant,blowingonesownhorn,boasting,
bragging,haughty,
Antonyms:bashful,demure,diffident,down-to-earth,
egoless,humble
Sentence: He has always come across as deeply
untrustworthyandextremelyvainglorious.
Valedictory:pertainingtofarewell
(izLFkku ds le; dk LofLrokn] fonkbZ Hkk"k.k)
(SSCCGL2010)
Synonyms:departing,final,goodbye,last,terminal
Antonyms:inaugural,welcoming
Sentence:Hebeganhisvaledictoryinalowvoice,
allweremourned.
Vanguard:forerunners(lsukxz] lsukeq[k] vkUnksyu dk
usr`Ro djus okyk)
Synonyms:front,lead,leaders,leading
Antonyms:establishment,oldguard,rear
Sentence:With smartpower, diplomacywill bethe
vanguardofourforeignpolicy.
Vantage:positiongivinganadvantage
(ykHk] Js"Brk] lqHkhrk)
Synonyms:aid,assistance,convenience
Antonyms:disability,disadvantage
Sentence:Already,theirdistancegivestheseprobes
auniquevantagepoint-abirds-eyeviewofthesolar
system.
Vapid:lackingliveliness;dullandunimaginative
(uhjl] iQhdk] csLokn] cstku)
Synonyms:boring,flavorless,insipid
Antonyms:lively,sharp,spicy,strong
Sentence: Labour hired the hall and plastered its
windowswithitsvapidcampaignslogan,forwardnot
back.
Vaporize:turnintovapour(ekj Mkyuk] Hkki cukuk]
okf"ir gks tkuk)
Synonyms:dissipate,volatize
Antonyms:assemble,constitute
Sentence:Evenwhenyougettotheboilingpoint,you
wouldhavetokeepaddingenergytovaporizethesteel.
Variegated:manycolored
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(cgqjx
a h] jax%fcjaxk] fofHkUu :i ds)
Synonyms:motley,multicolor
Antonyms:achromatic,colorless,decolorized,dull,
faded,faint,monochromatic
Sentence:Growsinsunorshade,butvariegatedtypes
showbettercolorinfullsun.
Vehement:forceful;intenselyemotional
(izpM
a ] izcy] mxz)
Synonyms:angry,ardent
Antonyms:abated,alleviated,calm
Sentence: Some letters include vehement protests
againstanyreductioninthesentenceimposedbyjudge
orjury.
Velocity:speed (xfr] pky)
Synonyms: acceleration, celerity, hurry, impetus,
momentum,pace
Antonyms:languidness,languor,lateness,leisureliness
Sentence: Speed sensors and an accelerometer
measure its velocity and a gyroscope controls
equilibriumanddirection.
Venal:capableofbeingbribed(/uHksnk] fcdkmQ]
ukM+h&laca/h)
Synonyms: amoral, corrupt, dishonest, immoral,
mercenary
Antonyms:ethical,generous,good,honest,incorrupt,
incorruptible,moral
Sentence: Venal politician is never honoured any
where.
Venerable:deservinghighrespect
(vknj.kh;] iwT;] lEekU;)
Synonyms:admirable,dignified,esteemed,honorable
Antonyms: bad, base, contemptible, despicable,
detestable,dirty
Sentence:Theycouldbeseeninavenerableset of
drawingsprovidedbythecollection.
Venial:(ofafaultorsin)forgivable;trivial
(ekewyh xyrh] {ke.kh;)
Synonyms:forgivable,justifiable,minor
Antonyms: abominable, evil, heinous, indefensible,
inexcusable
Sentence:Infact,itsnotthegreatbutthevenialsins
thatyou thinkofwithhorrorwhenyouve readthis
book.
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Veracious:(ofaperson)truthful
(bZekunkj] lR;fu"B] lR;oknh)
Synonyms:faithful,frank,genuine,honest
Antonyms: bluffing, careless, corrupt, corrupted,
deceitful,deceptive
Sentence: A veracious politician can fight for
soverigntyandintegrityofthecountry.
Verbose:wordy ('kCnkMacjiw.kZ)
Synonyms:garrulous,loquacious
Antonyms: abbreviated, abridged, brief, compact,
compendious
Sentence: We had to make some major cuts in his
speechasitwastooverbose.
Verdant:green;coveredwithgreenplantsorgrass;
lushinvegetation(gjk&Hkjk)
Synonyms: flourishing, fresh, grassy, leafy, lush,
verdurous
Antonyms:arid,barren
Sentence: Lots of eucalyptus and oak and flowers
maketheplaceverdantandlush.
Verisimilitude:appearanceoftruth
(lR;kHkkl] lR; dk vkHkkl)
Synonyms:credibility,genuineness
Antonyms:falseness,untruth
Sentence: The mirage is verisimilitude.
Vernacular:languagespokeninacountryorregion
(ns'kh Hkk"kk] Lons'kh)
Synonyms:common,dialectal,domesticated
Antonyms:formal,genteel,grammatical
Sentence: We are literally developing a new
vernacular,anewlanguage,forcommunication.
Vertigo:severedizziness;giddiness
(?kqejh] pDdj] frjfejh)
Synonyms:disequilibrium,giddiness,lightheadedness,
shakiness,spinninghead,unsteadiness,
Sentence:Thegenomicrevolutionhasinducedakind
ofmoralvertigo.
Victuals:food;provisions(vkgkj)
Synonyms:bread,comestibles,eatables,edibles
Antonyms:bane,poison,toxin,venom
Sentence:Theyrunlargelytoforaysforvictualsand
fightswithotheraggressiveanimals.
Vigilant:watchful;watchfullyawake
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(pkSdl] lrdZ] lko/ku)
Synonyms:alert,attentive,cautious,circumspect
Antonyms:absent,absentminded,careless
Sentence:Ithastobevigilantagainstmaliciousrumors
andoutsideinterference.
Vilify:slander;speakevilof
(dyad yxkuk] cnuke djuk] dyafdr djuk)
Synonyms:abuse,asperse,berate,calumny
Antonyms:compliment,praise,acclaim,admire,adore,
applaud
Sentence:Theattempttovilifyhiminanywayhas
fallenflat.
Vindicate:clearfromblame;freefromblame (funksZ"k
Bgjkuk)
(SSCT.A.2004)
Synonyms:absolve,acquit
Antonyms:accuse,arraign,
Sentence:Heowedthepublisherapopularbookand
heapparentlyfeelsnoneedtovindicatehimself.
Vindictive:disposedtorevenge;vengeful
(izfr'kks/h] cnyk ysuos kyk)
(SSCCGL2011)
Synonyms:avenging,rancorous,relentless,resentful
Antonyms:altruistic,benevolent,benign
Sentence: Criticism is silently belittled as political
disagreement,asettlingofscores,asvindictive
Virtuoso:highlyskilledartist(esp.inmusic)(mRd`"B]
xq.kh)
Synonyms:ace,adept,artist,authority,champion
Antonyms:amateur,amateurish,artless,beginning,
Sentence:Broad,loosestrokesofthebrushareapplied
withvirtuosoflair.
Vituperative:abusive;scolding(dVq vkykspukiw.kZ)
Synonyms: castigating, censorious, defamatory,
derisive,disparaging,insolent,insulting
Antonyms:civil,courteous,deferential,encomiastic
Sentence: The brief accompanying the motion is
noteworthyforitsvituperativeanduncivillanguage
Vivacious:livelyoranimated(tks'kiw.kZ)
Synonyms:active,animated,frolicsome,fulloflife,gay,
happy
Antonyms: apathetic, boring, defunct, depressed,
dispirited,dour
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Sentence:Aishwaryaisavivaciousmodel. Voluble:talkative (papy] ckrwuh)

Vociferous:clamorous
(dksykgyiw.kZ] 'kksjxqy djusokyk] fpYykusokyk)
(SSCCGL2012)
Synonyms: boisterous, loud-mouthed, noisy,
obstreperous,shouting
Antonyms:calm,noiseless,quiet,silent
Sentence:Theovervociferousanti-drugpeoplehave
alonghistoryofexaggerationandlies.
Volatile:changeable;mercurial
(cgus okyk] ok"i'khy inkFkZ] mM+us okyk)
Synonyms: buoyant, capricious, effervescent,
ephemeral,erratic,fleeting,flighty
Antonyms: certain, constant, dependable, durable,
immutable,invariable,
Sentence:Thesituationisvolatileandcoloredbya
historyofracisminthecityandthroughoutournation.
Volition:actofusingoneswill
(bPNk] bPNk'kfDr] pkg] ladYi)
Synonyms:accord,choice,choosing,determination,
election,preference
Antonyms:coercion,compulsion,constraint,duress,
duty,force,
Sentence:Everyonewhoparticipatesinafightshould
dosobytheirownvolition.
Synonyms:bigmouthed,chatty,garrulous,fluent,glib
Antonyms:reticent,taciturn,untalkative
Sentence:Theyrenotvoluble,andsothatsalltaken
againstthem.
Voluminous:havinggreatvolume
(Hkkjh&Hkjde] izpqj] cgqr cM+k)
Synonyms: abundant, ample, bulky, capacious,
comprehensive,copious
Antonyms:dwarf,infinitesimal,Lilliputian,little,
Sentence: Paper filing systems can become
voluminous,andarenotcosteffectivetoduplicateor
distribute.
Vulnerable:susceptibletowoundsorattack
(vk?kkr ;ksX;] osnuh;] lqHksn~;)
Synonyms:accessible,assailable,defenseless,exposed
Antonyms:covered,defendable,defensible
Sentence:Itisavulnerablebridge.
Vulpine:likeafox;crafty(ykseM+h tSlk)
Synonyms: clever, crafty, cunning, foxy, ingenious,
shrewdness,skillful,tricky,wily
Antonyms:naive,unclever,unintelligent
Sentence:Andwithhissharp,vulpinefeaturesand
airofgeneralizedfurtiveness,hestirsupsuspicionand
hostilitywhereverhegoes.

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2.SPELLINGOFWORDS

Rule 1. Words ending in a consonant preceded by two vowels do not double the final consonant
before a suffix beginning with a vowel; as
boor +ish =boorish meet +ing =meeting
cook +ing =cooking repeat +able =repeatable
cool +ing =cooling shout +ed =shouted
look +ing =looking teem +ing =teeming
Rule. 2 Words ending in silent E usually drop the silent E before addding vowel suffix
(e.g., -ing, -able, -ous); as
Drop-e
admire +ation =admiration desire +ous =desirous
admire +able =admirable divide +ing =dividing
allure +ing =alluring dine +ing =dining
arrange +ing =arranging explore +ation =exploration
arrive +ing =arriving fame +ous =famous
become +ing =becoming give +ing =giving
care +ing =caring hope +ing =hoping
come +ing =coming imagine +ary =imaginary
compare +able =comparable imagine +able =imaginable
deplore +able =deplorable live +ing =living
love +able =lovable name +ing =naming
lose +ing =losing note +ed =noted
move +able =movable

The e is retained when a suffix beginning with a consonant letter (e.g., -ment, -ful) is added.
Retain -e
arrange +ment =arrangement hate +ful =hateful
care +ful +careful like +ness =likeness
extreme +ly =extremely lone +ly =lonely
force +ful =forceful move +ment =movement
After c or g, if the suffix begins with a or o, the e is retained to indicate the soft sound of c or g.
(e.g., -ous, -able)
Retain -e
advantage +ous =advantageous outrage +ous =outrageous
change +able =changeble peace +able =peaceable
courage +ous =courageous service +able =serviceable
manage +able =manageable trace +able =traceable
Rule 3.Words ending with ee or oo add suffixes without change; as
Agree+able =agreeableglee +ful =gleeful
Coo +ing =cooing see +ing =seeing

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Flee+ing =fleeingwoo +ing =wooing

Rule 4. When a suffix that begins with a consonant is added to a word that ends in silent e, the e is,
with a few exceptions, retained; as
When the suffix -ly is added to an adjective that ends in silent e, the e is usually retained.
entire +ly =entirely nice +ly =nicely
false +ly =falsely polite +ly =politely
fine +ly =finely safe +ly =safely
late +ly =lately sure +ly =surely
Exceptions to the retention of e when -ly is added:
true +ly =truly whole +ly =wholly
If the adjective ends in -le, the -le is dropped when the suffix -ly is added.
gentle +ly =gently;noble +ly=nobly;idle+ly =idly
The -le is also dropped from adjectives ending in -able and ible when the suffix -ly is added.
comfortable +ly =comfortably pleasurable +ly =pleasurably
fashionable +ly =fashionably sensible +ly =sensibly
forcible +ly =forcibly honourable +ly =honourably
When the suffix - tion is used to form a noun from a verb ending in silent e after t, the letters te
are dropped.
associate +tion =association create +tion =creation
celebrate +tion =celebration dictate +tion =dictation
communicate +tion =communication frustrate +tion =frustration
complete +tion =tioncompletion pollute +tion =pollution
When the suffix is added to a noun ending in silent e to make an adjective, the e is dropped.
bone +y =bony smoke +y =smoky
ease +y =easy snake +y =snaky
ice +y =icy stone +y =stony
noise +y =noisy taste +y =tasty
When the suffixes - ful, -hood, -less and -ment are added, the e is retained.
hope +ful =hopeful wire +less =wireless
use +ful =useful advertise +ment =advertisement
false +hood =falsehood amaze +ment =amazement
care +less =careless amuse +ment =amusement
home +less =homeless announce +ment =announcement
hope +less =hopeless tire +less =tireless
excite +ment =excitement use +less =useless
Note When ment is added to judge, acknowledge and abridge two spelling are generally accepted:
judge +ment =judgment,orjudgement
acknowledge +ment =acknowledgmentoracknowledgement
abridge +ment =abridgmentorabridgement
Rule 5. Words ending in two or more consonants usually remain unchanged when a suffix is added;
as
call +ed =called roll +ing =rolling
till +ed =tilled will +ed =willed

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pull +ed =pulled thrill +ing =thrilling

shell +ed =shelled toll +ing =tolling
Rule 6. When a word of one syllable ends in a single vowel and a single consonant, the consonant
is usually doubled when a suffix with a vowel is added; as
Comparative and superlative suffixes, -er, and -est
big bigger biggest sad sadder saddest
hot hotter hottest thin thinner thinnest
The suffix -er, meaning person or thing that does something
cut +er =cutter run +er =runner
hit +er =hitter sin +er =sineer
rub +er =rubber swim +er =swimmer
The suffix -ing, present participle and gerund
bid bidding drag dragging
brag bragging get getting
cram cramming plan planning
cut cutting run running
dig digging sin sinning
din dinning sit sitting
The suffix -ed, past tense and past participle
beg begged map mapped
drag dragged rag ragged
drop dropped rub rubbed
fit fitted sin sinned
hop hopped strap strapped
The suffix -y, making adjective from nouns
fog foggy mud muddy
fun funny sun sunny
Rule7. In a word of one syllable, the final consonant is not doubled before a suffix beginning with
a consonant; as
fat fatness man manhood
fit fitful sad sadness
glad gladness sin sinful
Rule 8. Words of more than one syllable, ending in a single consonant preceded by a single
vowel, if accented on the last syllable, usually double the final consonant before adding a vowel suffix;
as
admit admitted admitting admittance
control controlled controlling controller
regret regretted regretting regrettable
forbid forbidden forbidding
forget forgotten forgetting
prefer preferred preferring
prefer preferred preferring

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When adding a suffix in words of more than one syllable, the accent is shifted to a preceding
syllable, the foregoing rule does not apply.
infer inference combat combative

excel, excellence, excellent

In words of more than one syllable, the final consonant is not doubled before a suffix beginning
with a consonant; as
equip equipment profit profitless
regret regretful unfit unfitness
The final consonant is not doubled if the stress in on the first syllable and if the verb ends in -en
or -er, as
happen happened happening
listen listened listener
open opened opener
offer offered offering
The final consonant is doubled if the stress in on the first syllable of the verb ... if it ends in -al,
-el or -il; as
cancel cancelled cancellation
equal equalled equalling
level levelled leveller
pedal pedalled pedalling
travel travelled traveller
parallel paralleled
If the stress is on the first syllable, and if the verb ends in -ap or -ip, the final consonant is
doubled; as
kidnap kidnapped kidnapper
worship worshipped worshipper
Rule 9. Words of more than one syllable, ending in a single consonant preceded by a single vowel
if not accented on the last syllable, usually do not double the final consonant before a suffix beginning
with a vowel; as as
bigotbigoted;despotdespoticdespotic;reddenreddened;rivetriveted.
handicaphandicapped;outfitoutfitted
Rule 10. When a verb ends in y with a consonant preceding it, the y becomes i before the suffixes -es
and -ed. They y remains unchanged before the suffix-ing; as
bury buries buried burying
carry carries carried carrying
copy copies copied copying
defy defies defied defying
deny denies denied denying
hurry hurries hurried hurrying
marry marries married marrying
multiply multiplies multiplied multiplying
pity pities pitied pitying
rely relies relied relying

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reply replies replied replying

satisfy satisfies satisfied satisfying
study studies studied studying
try tries tried trying
Rule 11. If a verb ends in y with a vowel preceding, the y generally remains unchanged before the
ending -s, ed and -ing; as
annoy annoys annoyed annoying
destroy destroys destroyed destroying
enjoy enjoys enjoyed enjoying
obey obeys obeyed obeying
play plays played playing
pray prays prayed praying
stay stays stayed staying
lay lays laid laying
pay pays paid paying
say says said saying
Rule 12. If the suffix -ing is added to verbs ending in ie, the i becomes y and the e is omitted; as
die dies died dying
lie lies lied lying
tie ties tied tying
Rule 13. When a noun or adjective ends in y with a consonant preceding the y usually becomes i
when a suffix is added ; as
dry,drier,driest,drily;happy,happier,happiest,happily,happiness;pity,pitiful,pitiless;plenty,plentiful;
plentiful;tidy,tidier,tidiest,tidily,tidiness;twenty,twentieth.
Rule 14. Words ending in y preceded by a consonant use i instead of y before additions other than
those beginning with i; as
beauty beautiful happy happiness
deny denial justify justifies
fly flier study studious
Rule 15. Words ending in n do not drop the n before adding the suffix -ness; as
clean cleanness green greenness
Rule 16. If the adjective ends in l, the adverb formed by adding ly will contain two ls immediately
before the y; as
cool coolly final finally
formal formally hopeful hopefully
real really useful usefully
Rule 17. If the adjective does not end in l, the adverb formed by adding ly will contain only one l
immediately before the y; as
evident evidently grim grimly
fluent fluently quick quickly
Rule 18. Word ending in ll usually drop one l when compounded; as
all +most =almost dis +till =distil
all +ready =already doubt +full =doubtful

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all +thought =although use +full =useful

all +together =altogether un +till =until
all +ways =always well +come =welcome
Rule 19. In words with ie or ei when the sound is long ee, use i before e except after c; as
achieve chief niece shield
belief cashier piece shriek
believe field pierce siege
brief fierce priest thief
besiege grief relieve wield

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3.COMMONLYMISSPELLEDWORDS
Abbreviation Aesthetic
Abscess Affect
Absence Affiliation
Abysmal Afforestation
Accessible Aggravate
Accessories Aggravation
Accommodate Aggregate
Accompaniment Aggression
Accumulate Aggressive
Accurate Aghast
Accustomed Agnosticism
Achieve Agoraphobia
Aching Agreeable
Acknowledge Agreed
Acknowledgement/acknowledgment Aisle
Acquaint Alcohol
Acquaintance Alfresco
Acquiesce Alibis
Acquiescence Align
Acquire Alignment
Acquit Allege
Acquittal Allergic
Acreage Alleys
Across Alligator
Actual Allocate
Additional Allotment
Address Allottedalmond
Adequate Alms
Adieu Alphabetically
Adjacent Already
Admittance Although
Admissible Aluminium
Adolescence Ambiguous
Adolescent Amethyst
Advantageous Ammunition
Advertisement Anachronism
Advice Anaesthetic
Advise Analyse
Aerate Analysis
Aerial Anarchist

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Ancestor Asphyxiation
Ancestry Assassin
Anemone Assassinate
Angrily Assessment
Anguish Assistance
Annihilate Associate
Annihilation Asthma
Anniversary Asthmatic
Announcement Astrakhan
Annulled Atheist
Annulment Atrocious
Anonymous Attendant
Anorak Attitude
Answered Aborigine
Antarctic Auburn
Antibiotic Auctioneer
Antithesis Audible
Anxiety Aural
Apartheid Automatic
Apologize Autumn
Appalling Awful
Apparently Awkward
Appearance B
Appendicitis Bachelor
Appreciate Bagatelle
Approval Baggage
Aquarium Bailiff
Aquiline Ballast
Arbiter Ballerina
Arbitrary Banana
Arbitration Banister
Archaeology Bankruptcy
Architectural Banquet
Arctic Barbecue
Arguably Barometer
Arrangement Barrister
Arrival Basically
Artichoke Basis
Ascend Battalion
Ascent Bazaar
Asphalt Beautiful
Asphyxiate Befriend

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Beguile Bruise
Behaviour Brusque
Beleaguer Buccaneer
Belief Buddhist
Believe Budding
Belligerent Budgerigar
Benefited Budgeted
Bequeath Buffeted
Berserk Bulletin
Besiege Bumptious
Bettered Bungalow
Beveled Buoyancy
Bewitch Buoyant
Bias Bureau
Bicycle Bureaucracy
Biennial Business
Bigamous Buttoned
Bigoted C
Bilingual Cabbage
Biscuit Cafeteria
Bivouacked Caffeine
Blancmange Camouflage
Blasphemous Campaign
Blasphemy Campaigned
Bleary Cancelled
Blitz Cancerous
Bodily Candour
Bonfire Cannabis
Bootee Cannibal
Borough Canvassing
Bouquet Capability
Bourgeois Capillary
Boutique Capitalist
Bracketed Caravan
Braille Carbohydrate
Brassiere Carburettor
Breadth Career
Breathalyser Caress
Brief Caries
Broccoli Carriage
Brochure Catalogue
Bronchitis Catarrh

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Cartoonist Clique
Cashier Coalesce
Cassette Cocoa
Castanets Coconut
Casualty Coffee
Catechism Cognac
Catering Coincidence
Cauliflower Colander
Cautious Collaborate
Ceiling Collapsible
Cellophane Colleague
Cemetery Colonel
Centenary Colossal
Centilitre Comically
Centimetre Commandeer
Centainty Commemorate
Champagne Commentator
Championed Commercial
Chancellor Commiserate
Changeable Commission
Channelled Commissionaire
Characteristic Commitment
Chasm Committal
Chauffeur Committed
Cheetah Committee
Cherish Communicate
Chief Commuter
Chilblain Companion
Chintz Comparative
Chiropody Comparison
Chisel Compatibility
Choreographer Compelled
Choreography Competitive
Chronically Computer
Chrysanthemum Conceal
Cigarette Concealment
Cinnamon Conceit
Circuitous Conceive
Cistern Concession
Civilian Concurrent
Claustrophobia Concurrent
Clientele Concussion

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Condemned Correspondent
Condescend Corridor
Confectionery Corroborate
Conference Corrugated
Confetti Cosmopolitan
Congeal Cosseted
Congratulations Councillor
Conjunctivitis Counselling
Conned Counterfeit
Conniosseur Courageous
Conscience Courteous
Conscientious Creche
Conscious Credible
Consequently Credited
Consignment Crematorium
Consolation Creosote
Conspicuous Crescent
Constitute Crisis
Consumer Criterion
Contemptible Crocheted
Continent Crocodile
Continuous Croupier
Contraception Crucial
Contradictory Crucifixion
Controlled Cruelly
Controller Cruise
Controversial Cryptic
Convalesce Cubicle
Convenient Cupful
Convertible Curable
Conveyed Curiosity
Convolvulus Curious
Coolly Currency
Cooperate Curriculumvitae
Cooperative Customary
Coordinate Cynic
Copying Cynicism
Coquette Cynosure
Corduroy D
Co-respondent Dachshund
Coronary Daffodil
Correspondence Dahlia

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Dais Detachable
Damage Detergent
Dandruff Deterred
Darkened Deterrent
Debatable Deuce
Debauched Develop
Debility Development
Deceased Diabetes
Deceit Diagnosis
Deceive Dialogue
Deciduous Diametrically
Decipher Diaphragmtant
Decoyed DisinhDiarrhoea
Decrease Difference
Decreed Different
Defamatory Dilapidated
Defeat Dilemma
Defendant Dilettante
Defied Diminish
Definite Diminution
Definitely Dinosaur
Dehydrate Diphtheria
Deign Diphthong
Deliberate Disadvantageous
Delicatessen Disagreeable
Delicious Disagreed
Delinquent Disagreement
Delirious Disappearance
Demeanour Disappeared
Demonstrate Disappoint
Dencuement Disapproval
Denunciation Disastrous
Dependence Disbelief
Depth Disbelieve
Derailment Discipline
Dermatitis Discotheque
Derogatory Discouraging
Descend Discourteous
Descendant Discrimination
Desiccate Discussion
Desperate Disease
Detach Disguise

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Dishevelled Duress
Dishonourable Dutiful
Disillusion Dynamite
Disinfec Dysentery
erited Dyspepsia
Dismissal E
Disobeyed Eccentric
Disparage Ecclesiastic
Dispelled Ecologically
Disposal Economically
Dispossess Ecstasy
Dissatisfaction Eczema
Dissatisfy Effective
Dissect Effervescence
Dissseminate Efficacious
Dissent Efficient
Dissimilar Effrontery
Dissipated Eightieth
Dissipation Elaborate
Dissociate Electrician
Dissolute Elevenses
Dissuade Eligible
Distilled Emancipate
Distillery Embarrass
Distinguish Embarrassment
Distraught Emergence
Disuse Emergent
Divisible Emoulument
Documentary Emotional
Doggerel Emphasize
Domineering Employee
Donate Emptied
Doubt Enable
Dragooned Encourage
Drastically Encyclopedia
Draughty Endeavour
Drooled Endurance
Drooped Energetically
Drunkenness Enervate
Dubious Engineer
Dumbfounded Enough
Dungarees Ensuing

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Entailed Faeces
Enthusiasm Fahrenheit
Enumerate Fallacious
Epilepsy Fanatic
Equalize Farcical
Equalled Fascinate
Equipped Fatigue
Erroneous Fatuous
Erudite February
Escalator Feeler
Escapism Feign
Espionage Ferocioj
Essence Festooned
Essential Feud
Estranged Feudal
Etiquette Fevered
Euthanasia Fiasco
Eventually Fibre
Evidently Fictitious
Exaggerate Fiend
Exaggeration Fierce
Exalt Fiery
Exasperate Filial
Exceed Finesse
Exceedingly Flabbergasted
Excellent Flaccid
Excessive Flammable
Exchequer Flannelette
Excommunicate Fluent
Exercise Fluoridate
Exhaust Fluoride
Exhibit Fluoridize
Exhilarate Foliage
Exorcise Forcible
Explanation Foreigner
Exquisite Forfeit
Extinguish Forthwith
Extraneous Fortieth
Extravagant Fortuitous
F Fortunately
Fabulous Frailty
Facetious Frankincense

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Fraudulent Gnash
Freedom Goitre
Freight Gossiped
Frequency Government
Friend Graffiti
Frolicked Grammar
Fuchsia Grandeur
Fugitive Gratetully
Fulfil Gratitude
Fulfilled Gratuitous
Fulfillment Greetings
Fullness Gregarious
Fulsome Grief
Furious Grieve
Furniture Grovelled
Furthered Gruesome
G Guarantee
Gaiety Guarantor
Galloped Guard
Garrison Guardian
Garrotted Guest
Gases Guillotine
Gateau Guinea
Gauge Guise
Gazetter Guitar
Geisha Gymkhana
Generator Gypsy/gipsy
Genuine H
Gerbil Haemoglobin
Gesticulate Haemorrhage
Ghastly Halcyon
Ghetto Hallucination
Gigantic Hammered
Gingham Handfuls
Giraffe Handicaapped
Glamorous Handkerchief
Glamour Happened
Glimpse Harangue
Global Harass
Gluttonous Harlequin
Glycerine Haughty
Gnarled Hazard

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Hearse Ideological
Height Idiosyncrasy
Heightened Ignorance
Heinous Illegible
Heir Illegitimate
Herbaceous Illiberal
Hereditary Illiterate
Heroism Imaginative
Hesitate Imitation
Hiccup,hiccough Immaculate
Hideous Immediate
Hierarchy Immemorial
Hieroglyphics Immoral
Hijack Immovable
Hilarious Impasse
Hindrance Impeccable
Hippopotamus Imperative
Holiday Imperceptible
Holocaust Imperious
Homonym Impetuous
Honorary Implacable
Honour Impresario
Hooligan Imprisoned
Horoscope Imprisonment
Horrible Inaccessible
Horticulture Inadmissible
Hullabaloo Inappropriate
Humorous Inaugural
Humour Incandescent
Hurricane Incessant
Hurried Incipient
Hygiene Incognito
Hyphen Incommunicado
Hypnosis Inconceivable
Hypochondria Incongruous
Hypocrisy Incontrovertible
Hypotenuse Incorrigible
Hypothesis Incredulous
Hypothetical Incriminate
Hysterical Incubator
I Incurred
Icicle Indefatigable

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Indefinable Intercept
Indefinite Interference
Independence Interior
Independent Intermediate
Indescribable Intermittent
Indict Interpret
Indictment Interpretation
Indigenous Interrogate
Indigestible Interrupt
Indomitable Interview
Ineligible Intrigue
Inescapable Intrinsically
Inexcusable Intuition
Inexhaustible Intuitive
Infallible Invariably
Infatuated Inveigle
Inferred Inveterate
Infinitive Involuntary
Inflamed Involvement
Inflammable Irascible
Inflationary Irrelevant
Ingratiate Irreparable
Ingratiate Irreplaceable
Ingredient Irresistible
Inhabitant Irresponsible
Inheritance Irresistible
Inhibition Irresponsible
Iniquitous Irrevocable
Initiate Irritable
Initiative Italicize
Innate Itinerant
Innocuous Itinerary
Innumerable J
Innumerate Jackal
Inoculate Jeopardize
Insecticide Jettisoned
Inseparable Jewellery
Inseparable Jodhpurs
Insincere Juggernaut
Insistence Jugular
Instalment
K
Instantaneous
Kaleidoscopic

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Karate Lilac
Keenness Limoufine
Khaki Lineage
Kidnapped Linen
Kilometre Lingerie
Kiosk Linguist
Kitchenette Liqueur
Kleptomania Literature
Knick-knack Litre
Knowledgeable Livelihood
Kowtow Loneliness
L Loosened
Labelled Loquacious
Laboratory Luggage
Labyrinth Lugubrious
Lackadaisical Luminous
Laddered Lorgnette
Lager Lucrative
Language Lucre
Languor Luggage
Languorous Lugubrious
Laryngitis Luminous
Larynx Luscious
Lassitude Lustre
Latitude Luxurious
Laundered Lyric
Launderette M
Layette Macabre
League Maelstrom
Leanness Magician
Ledger Magnanimous
Legendary Mahogany
Legible Maintenance
Legitimate Malaise
Length Malaria
Lengthened Malignant
Leukaemia Manageable
Levelled Management
Liaise Mannequin
Liaison Manoeuvre
Lieu Mantelpiece
Lieutenant Manually

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Margrarine Mortgage
Marijuana Mosquito
Marquee Mountaineer
Martyr Moustache
Marvellous Multitudinous
Marzipan Muscle
Masochist Museum
Massacre Mysterious
Matinee Mythical
Mayonnaise N
Meagre Nave
Measurement Narrative
Medallion Naughty
Medieval Nausea
Mediocre Nautical
Melancholy Necessary
Meningitis Necessity
Meringue Negligence
Messenger Negligible
Meteorological Negotiate
Metropolitan Neighbourhood
Microphone Neither
Midday Neurotic
Migraine Neutral
Mileage Niche
Milieu Niece
Millionaire Ninetieth
Mimicked Ninth
Mimicry Nocturnal
Miniature Nonentity
Miraculous Notably
Mirrored Noticeably
Miscellaneous Notoriety
Mischief Nuance
Mischievous Numbered
Misogynist Numerate
Misshapen Numerous
Misspell Nutrient
Misspent Nutritious
Modelled
O
Modelling
Obedient
Morgue
Obese

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Obituary Pessimistically
Oblige Pesticide
Oblique Phantom
Oblivious Pharmacy
Obnoxious Pharyngitis
Obscene Pharynx
Obscenity Phenomenon
Obsessive Phial
Obstetrician Phlegm
Occasion Physician
Occupancy Physiotherapist
Occupier Picketed
Occupying Picnic
Paroxysm Picnicked
Parquet Picturesque
Partially Pioneered
Participant Pious
Particle Piteous
Partner Pitiful
Passenger Plaintiff
Passers-by Plausible
Pastime Pleurisy
Patterned Pneumonia
Pavilion Poignant
Peaceable Politician
Peculiar Pollution
Pejorative Polythene
Pencilled Porridge
Penicillin Portrait
Peppered Portray
Perceive Positive
Perennial Possession
Perilous Possibility
Permissible Posthumous
Permitted Potatoes
Pernicious Precede
Perpetrate Precedent
Persistence Precinct
Personnel Precipice
Persuasion Precocious
Perusal Preference
Pessimism Preferred

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Prejudice Quintet
Preliminary R
Prepossessing Rabies
Prerequisite Radioed
Prerogative Radios
Prescription Railing
Presence Rancour
Preservative Ransack
Prestige Rapturuous
Prestigious Reassurance
Pretentious Rebelled
Prevalent Rebellious
Priest Recalcitrant
Primitive Receipt
Procedure Receive
Proceed Recommend
Procession Reconnaissance
Professional Reconnoitre
Profiteering Recruitment
Prohibit Recurrence
Promiscuous Redundant
Pronunciation Referee
Propeller Reference
Proposal Referred
Proprietor Regatta
Prosecute Regrettable
Protagonist Regretted
Protein Rehabilitation
Provocation Reign
Prowess Relevant
Psalm Relief
Psyche Relieve
Psychiatric Reminisce
Psychic Reminisce
Publicly Reminiscence
Pursuit Remuneration
Putative Rendezvous
Pyjamas Repertoire
Q Repetitive
Quarrelsome Reprieve
Questionnaire Reprisal
Queue Requisite

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Rescind Salvage
Resemblance Sanctuary
Reservoir Sandwich
Resistance Sanitary
Resourceful Sapphire
Responsibility Satellite
Restaurant Scaffolding
Restaurateur Scandalous
Resurrection Scenic
Resuscitate Sceptre
Retrieve Schedule
Reunion Scheme
Reveille Schizophrenic
Revelry Schooner
Revenue Sciatica
Reversible Science
Rhapsody Scissors
Rheumatism Scruple
Rhododendron Scrupulous
Rhomboid Scurrilous
Rhubarb Scythe
Rhyme Secretarial
Rhythm Secretary
Ricochet Sedative
Righteous Sedentary
Rigorous Sensitive
Rigour Separate
Risotto Sergeant
Riveted Serrated
Rogue Serviceable
Roughage Serviette
Roulette Settee
Royalty Shampooed
Rucksack Shattered
Ruinous Sheikh
Rummage Sheriff
Rumour Shield
S Shovelled
Sabotage Shuddered
Sacrilege Siege
Saddened Significant
Salmon Silhouette

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Simply Strait-laced
Simultaneous Straitjacket
Sincerely Strategic
Sixtieth Strength
Skeleton Strenuous
Skilful Stupor
Slanderous Suave
Slaughter Subpoena
Sleight Subtle
Sleightofhand Succeed
Sluice Successful
Smattering Successor
Smithereens Succinct
Snivelled Succulent
Soccer Succumb
Solemn Suddenness
Solicitor Suede
Soliloquy Sufficient
Soloist Suffocate
Sombre Suicide
Somersault Sullenness
Sophisticated Summoned
Sovereign Supercilious
Spaghetti Superfluous
Spectre Supersede
Spherical Supervise
Sphinx Supervisor
Sponsor Supplementary
Spontaneity Surgeon
Spontaneous Surveillance
Squabble Surveyor
Squandered Susceptible
Squawk Suspicious
Staccato Sweetener
Staggered Sycamore
Stammered Symmetry
Statistics Sympathize
Statutory Symphony
Stealth Synagogue
Stereophonic Syndicate
Stirrup Synonym
Storage Syringe

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T Tortuous
Tableau Totalled
Taboo Tourniquet
Taciturn Towelling
Taffeta Traffic
Tangerine Trafficked
Tangible Tragedy
Tattoo Traitorous
Technique Tranquillity
Teenager Tranquillizer
Televise Transcend
Temperature Transferable
Tenuous Transferred
Terrifically Transparent
Terrifying Travelled
Territory Traveller
Terrorist Tremor
Therapeutic Trilogy
Therefore Troublesome
Thief Trousseau
Thinness Truism
Thirtieth Trustee
Thorough Tsetse
Thoroughfare Tuberculosis
Threshold Tumour
Thrombosis Tunnelled
Throughout Tureen
Thwart Turquoise
Thyme Twelfth
Tightened Typhoon
Titivate U
Tobacconist Unanimous
Toboggan Unconscious
Toffee Undoubted
Tomatoes Unduly
Tomorrow Unequalled
Tonsillitis Unique
Topsyturvy Unnecessary
Tornadoes Unremitting
Torpedoes Unrequited
Torpor Unrivalled
Tortoiseshell Upheaval

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V Watered
Vaccinate Weakened
Vacuum Wearisome
Vagune Wednesday
Vanilla Weight
Variegate Weird
Vehement Whereabouts
Vendetta Wherewithal
Veneer Widened
Ventilator Width
Verandah Wield
Vermilion Wintry
Veterinary Witticism
Vetoes Wizened
Versa Woebegone
Vice Wooden
Vicissitude Woolen
Vicissitudes Worsened
Vigorous Worship
Vigour Worshipped
Viscount Wrapper
Visibility Wrath
Vivacious Wreak
Vociferous Writhe
Voluminous X
Volunteered Xylophone
Vulnerable Y
W Yield
Walkie-talkie Yoghurt
Walloped Z
Warrior Zealous
Wastage Zigzagged

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4.BASICWORDPARTS
Words are made up of word parts: prefixes, suffixes and roots or stems. A knowledge of these word
parts and their meanings can help you determine the meanings of unfamiliar words.
ES
Prefixesarefixedbeforeawordoraroottoconveyamodifiedversionofthewordortheroot.Someimportant
GreekandLatinprefixeswithasetofillustrativewordsareasfollows:
1. Prefix='ante' "before"
Word Meaning
Antecedent preceding
Antediluvian beforetheflood;ancient
Antenatal ofcarebeforebirth(duringpregnancy)
Anterior tothefront;before
Ante-meridien beforenoon
2. Prefix='dia' "across"
Word Meaning
Diagonal connectingline
Diaspora thebreakingupandscatteringofapeople;peoplesettledfarfromtheir
ancestralhomelands
Dialectic artofarguing
Dialect localvarietyoflanguage
Diameter straightlinefromsidetrosideoffigure
3. Prefix='ultra' "beyond"
Word Meaning
Ultramarine verydeepinblue
Ultramodern verymodern
Ultra violet beyondviolet;atthevioletandofspectrum
Ultrasonic soundwavesbeyondtherangeofhumanear
4. Prefix='trans' "over, across"
Word Meaning
Transcend gobeyond
Transverse eyeingacross;atrightangles
Transgress break(law)
Transient fleeting,notpermanent
5. Prefix = 'super' "over, beyond"
Word Meaning
Superior ofgreaterrank
Supercilious displayingarrogantpride
Supernumerary inexcessofnormalnumber
Supersede taketheplaceof;setaside

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Supervise oversee;direct;inspect
Superlative in/ofhighestdegreeorquantity
6. Prefix='Epi' "over, on, of"
Word Meaning
Epiderm outerskinlayer
Epiphany festivaloftheannouncementofChrist'scoming.
Epigraph inscription
Epicentre Focusofearthquake
7. Prefix='Hypo' "under, below"
Word Meaning
Hypocrisy falsevirtue
Hypodermic belowtheskin
Hypothesis suggestedexplanationofsomething
Hypogastric oforrelatedtolowermedianregionoftheabdomen
Hypochondria morbid depression without reason about one's own health, extreme
depression of mind or spirits often centered on imaginary physical
ailments
8. Prefix= 'Hper' "over/above/excessive/abnormally high"
Word Meaning
Hyperactivity toomuchactivity
Hyperesthia excessivesensoryfeeling
Hyperbole personpronetoexaggeratedspeaking
Hyper kinesia excessiveamountofspasms
Hyperventilation excessivebreathing
Hyperbaric greaterthannormalpressure
Hyperacid theconditionofcontainingmorethanthenormalamountofacid
9. Prefix='ab' "from/away"
Word Meaning
Absent notpresent
Abstemious sparinginfoodanddrink
Abstraction preoccupation
Abnegate giveup,renounce
Abolish doawaywith
Abrade scrape away
10. Prefix='ad' "totowards"
Adhere stickto
Adumbration tosuggestordisclosepartially,giveavagueindication
Ad hoc foraparticularpurposeonly
Adinfinitum endlessly

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Adinterim forthemeantime
Adjunct added,joined
Adjudge decide,declare
Adlib improviseandspeakspontanceouly
Adjourn postponetemporarily
Adrem tothepoint
Ad valorem accordingtothevalue
Advert turnthemindorattentiontowards
Adulterate makeimpassebyadding
Adumbrate giveoutlineof,indicate
11. Prefix='Ambl' "both sides"
Word Meaning
Ambient onallsides
Ambiguity obscure
Ambivalent simultaneousexistenceoftwodifferentopinions
Ambidextrous abletousebothsides
12. Prefix='Peri' "around,about"
Word Meaning
Peripatetic walkkingaround
Periphery cricumference
Perimeter outerboundary
Perihelion pointinorbitofplanetorcometnearesttosun.
13. Prefix= 're'/'retro' "back"
Word Meaning
Return goback
Retrospect lookback
Retroflex curved backwards
Retrograde goingbackwards,reverting
Retard makeslow
Retort retaliate,reply
14. Prefix='clrcum' "path"or"orbit"
Word Meaning
Circumpolar circlesaroundthepolarregion
Circumsolar circlesaroundtheSum
Circumspect criclesaroundthefences
Circumlocation roundaboutorevasivespeech
15. Prefix='a'/'an' "without"
Word Meaning
Anemia blooddeficiency

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Amoral notmoral
Anaesthetic causinglossofsensation
Achromatic withoutcolour
Anachronism mistakeoftime
16. Prefix='anti' "against"
Word Meaning
Antidote remedy
Antipathy dislike,aversion
Antipyretic effecitiveagainstfever
Antiseptic preventinginfection
Antigen substancestimulatingproductionofantibodiesintheworld
17. Prefix='counter''contra' "against"
Word Meaning
Counterfeiter forger
Contary opposite
Constrain force,compel
Contraband illegal,smuggledgoods
18. Prefix='dys' "bad"
Word Meaning
Dysfunctional badlyfunctioning
Dyspepsia indigestion
Dyslexia impairedabilitytoread
19. Prefix = 'eu' "good, well"
Euphony sweetsounding
Eulogy speechorwritinginpraiseof
Euphoria senseofwellbeingorelation
20. Prefix='inter' "between"
Interloper intruder
Interlude interval
Intermediate comingbetween
21. Prefix='meta' "besides/ with"
Word Meaning
Metamorphose transform
Metathesis transposition
Metaphorical figurative
22. Prefix='Sym/syn' "together"
Word Meaning
Synergy unifiedaction
Symmetrical balanced

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Synchronise happenatthesametime
Symbiotic livingtogetherformutualbenefit
Symphony harmonyofsounds
23. Prefix = 'be' "around/on"
Word Meaning
Beside bysideof
Bespatter tosplashwith
Besiege tosurroundonallsides
24. Prefix='for' "apart/away"
Word Meaning
Forbid prohibit
Forbear case,refrain
Fortorn Forsaken desperate
25. Prefix='mis' "bad/wrong"
Word Meaning
Mistake error
Misnomer wrongname
Mishap minoraccident
Misfit notasuitableperson
26. Prefix='fore' "before"
Word Meaning
Foresee indicationinadvance,predict
Forestall prevent

SUFFIXES
Suffixes are added to the end of a word or a root and can sometimes lead to a difference in the
meaning of the original word or root. Some of the common suffixes of Greek, Latin and Geman origin
are discussed below:

LatinSuffixes
1. Suffix-'age' "place/collection"
Word Meaning
Personage minister'shouse
Steerage cheapestaccommodationonaship
Peerage bodiesorgroupofpeers
2. Suffix='arium'/'ary' "place"
Word Meaning
Aquarium placeforkeepinglivefish

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Library placeforstoringbooks
Sanatorium hospitalforchronicallyill
Seminary collegeforpriests
Apiary placewherebeesarekept
Some Important Words Derived from common Suffixes:-
1. Suffix='ist'
InisaGreekSuffix,whichdenotespeoplewhoperformcertainactions,areexpertsincertainfields
orareadherentstospecificbeliefs.
Word Specialist in
Verbalist words
Purist traditions
Geneticist heredity
Arborist Tree care
Agronomist cropproduction
Entomologist insects
Numismatist coins
Philatelist stamps
Toxicologist poison
Semanticist wordmeanings
Meteorologist weather
2. Suffix='Sis' "state of/'process"
Word Meaning
Synthesis formationofwholefromdifferentparts
Osmosis diffusionofiluidsthroughamemberane
Prognosis forecastedrecoveryfromillness
Necrosis deathoflivetissue
Dialysis separaticofsubstancesinashlution
Hypnosis physicallyinducedsleeplikecondition
Metastasis spreadofdiseaseinthebody
3. Suffix='ancy'
LatinSuffix,whichmeans"state,actionorprocess",andisfrequentlyusedinwordswhichdescribe
waystoforetellthefuture.
Word Meaning
Bibliomancy forecastingfuturethroughbilicalbooks
Anthropomancy forecastingthroughstudyinghumanentrails
Cubomancy forecastingthroughuseofdice
Ostemancy forecastingthroughobservingbones.
Cheiromancy forecastingbyreadingthepalms.
Graphomancy forecastingthroughobservinghandwriting

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4. Suffix='oid' "like/shape of"

Word Meaning
Hypsiloid letter'v'
Xiphoid sword
Scaphoid boat
Sigmoid letter'c'
Schizoid split
Cuboid cube
Actinoid star
Belonoid needle
Pemphigoid bubble
Ovoid egg
Helicoid screw
5. Suffix='ent' "being/manifesting/possessing"
Word Meaning
Truculent aggression
Imminent Pendingdanger
Flocculent woolliness
Innocent purity
Indigent need/poverty
Intransigent stubbornness
Dilligent earnestness
Effulgent radiance
Plangent expressivesound
Nocent harm
Continent restraint
Ambivalent uncertainty
Prudent Wisdom/judiciousness
GermanicSuffixes
SomeimportantGemanicsuffixesillustratedwithexamples,areasfollows:-
1. Suffix='dom' "state/quality"
Word Meaning
Freedom liberty
Kingdom stateruledbyking
Officialdom stateruledbyofficials
Dukedom stateruledbyduke
2. Suffix='ard' "onewho/characteristic of"
Word Meaning
Dullard stupidperson

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Pollard hornlessanimal
3. Suffix='hood' "state/quality"
Brotherhood alliance
Widowhood stateofbeingawidow
4. Suffix='ling' "havingthecharacteristicof/minor"
Word Meaning
Yearling yearoldanimal
Fingerling babyfish
5. Suffix = 'ness' "condition/state"
Word Meaning
Goodness decency
Populusness stateoflargepopulation
Business occupation
Wickedness beingbad
6. Suffix='ship' "state/rank/skill"
Word Meaning
Penmanship artofwriting
Craftsmanship artofmakingcrafts
Township unitoflocalgovernment
Musicianship skillofamusician
7. Suffix='ful' "fullof/providing"
Word Meaning
Healthful promotinghealth
Plentiful havigplenty
Earful lotofinformation
8. Suffix='fold' "increased by"
Word Meaning
Tenfold multipliedbyten
Manifold manytimes
9. Suffix='ish' "somewhat like"
Word Meaning
Childish childlike
Churlish ill-bred,rustic
Impish imp-like,naughty
10. Suffix='wise' "inthemannerof/withregardto"
Word Meaning
Dollarwise withrespedtodollars
Weatherwise withregardtoweather
Moneywise withregardtomaney

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Healthwise withrespecttohealth
REEKROOTS
Chron = time
Chronology = arrangementofeventsinorderofoccurrence.
Chronicle = historicalrecord
Chronograph = astopwatchthatrecordstimewithgreataccuracy.
Chronic = lastingalongtime
Chronometer = timepiece
morph = form
Morphology = formandstructureofanorganism
Metamorphosis = changeofform
poly = many
Polyglot = competentinmanylanguages
Polygon = ageometricalplanefigurewiththreeormorestraightlines.
Polynomial = usedtodescribeamathematicalexpressionwithmorethan
twoterms.
Polymath = knowledgeableinavarietyofsubjects.
Polyandry = awomanwhohasmorethanonehusband.
Polygamy = amanwhohasmorethanonewife.
pan = all
Panhuman = forallhumanity
Pantheism = abeliefthatGodiseverything.
Panorama = anallroundview.
Pantropic = foundthroughoutthetropics.
meter = measure
Ammeter = deviceusedtomeasurecurrent
Voltmeter = deviceusedtomeasurevoltage
Altimeter = devicethatmeasurealtitude
Pedometer = instrumentusedtomeasuredistancecoveredbywalking.
Meteorology = scientificstudyofearthsatmosphere.
neo = new
Neophyte = beginner,recentconvert
Neologism = newwordormeaning,newlycoinedword.
Neonate = anewbornchild.
pyr = fire
Pyre = pileofburningmaterial
Pyrogenic = producingheat
Pyromaniac = personwhosetsfiretothings.
Pyrotechnics = relatingtofireworks.

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Pyrophobia = excessivefearoffire
astro = star/ space
Astronomy = scienceofstars
Astrologer = personwhopracticesorstudiesastrology.
Astronaut = spacetraveller
ped = child
Pediatrician = doctorwhotreatschildren
Pedodontics = concernedwithdentalcareandtreatmentofchildren
Pedology = studyofphysicalandmentaldevelopmentofchildren
soma = body
Somatotype = bodytype
Somatic = ofbody
Psychosomatic = physicalillnesswhichismentallyinduced
Somatology = studyofphysiologyandanatomyofbody.
gam = marriage
Monogamist = marriedtooneperson
Bigamist = marriedtotwopeople
Polygamist = marriedtomany
Misogamist = onewhohatesmarriage.
Theo = God
Theology = studyofGodorReligion
Theocracy = governmentbyGods
Theomacy = battleamongGods
onym = name
Pseudonym = penname
Antonym = wordoppositeinmeaning
Synonym = wordsimilarinmeaning
Toponym = wordderivedfromnameofplace
Homonym = wordwithsamespellingorsound
path = feeling
Sympathy = compassionforsomeoneelsespain
Empathy = feelsomeoneelsespainandsympathise
Apathy = indifference,lackofinterestorenthusiasm
bibli=book
Bibliopole = bookseller
Bibliophile = loverofbooksorcollectorofbooks.
Bibliography = alistofbooksandarticlesconsultedbooksources.
Bibliomania = extremefondnessorobsessionforbooks.
soph = wisdom
Philosophy = loveofwisdom
Sophist = ancientGreekphilosopher

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Sophisticated = urbane,classy,complex
misain/misein = to hate
Misanthropy = hatredofmankind
Misanthropist = onewhohatesmankind.
Misogynist = onewhohateswomen
Misogamist = onewhohatesmarriage
Misobiblic = onewhohatesbooks.
anthropos = mankind
Anthropology = studyofdevelopmentofhumanrace
Philanthropist = onewholovesmankind
Phil = to love
Philology = loveoflanguage/words
Philosophy = loveofwisdom
Philanthropy = loveofmankind
Philanthropist = onewholovesmankind.
Philadelphia = cityofbrotherlylove
Philharmonic = loveofmusic/harmony
Bibliophile = loverofbooks
Anglophile = admirerofBritishculture,peopleetc.
Philatelist = onewhocollectsorstudiesstamps
Logy = studyof
Anthropology = studyofhumanrace.
Astrology = studyoflivingthings
Archaeology = studyofthebuilding,gravesetc.ofthepast
psyche = mind,spirit,soul
Psychosis = amentaldisorder
Psychiatrist = amindhealer
Psychotic = onewholosestouchwithreality
Psychedelic = thatwhichcauseseffectonmind
Psychic = havingspecialmentalability
Archy/cracy = ruleby
Monarchy = rulebyonekingorqueen
Autocracy = governmentbyasingleperson/singlegroup
Democracy = governmentbyelectedrepresentatives
Aristocracy = rulebyhighsocialclass
Theocracy = ruleofGods
Plutocracy = rulebytherich
Anarchy = stateofnaturewherethereisnogovernment
Diarchy = dualrule

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Oligarchy = rulebyfewpowerfulpeople
Patriarchy = oldestpersonismadetheheadoffamily
Bureaucracy = Governmentbyofficials
macro,mega = large/big
Macroscopic = Visibletothenakedeye
Megalith = hugestone
Megastar = verygreathero
Megahertz = verygreatfrequencyofradio
Megaphone = instrumentneededtoamplifyvoice
Megalopolis = universe,verylargecitycontainingmanycities.
micro = small
Microbe = tinyorganism
Microcosm = miniaturerepresentationofsomething
Microfilm = miniaturerecordofdocumentsorafilm
Microlight = verysmall,lightaircraftwithlargewings
andr/gyn = man
Androgen = malehormone
Gynecoid = characteristicofwoman
Polyandry = havingmultiplehusbands
ideo = idea
ideology = systemofsocialbeliefs
ideologue = anideologist
ideography = useofgraphicalsymbolstoconveryideas
LATIN ROOTS
scribe = towrite
Prescribe = usedinthecontextofmedication
Inscribe = towriteorengravewordsonasurface
Scribble = writeillegibly
Describe = writeindetail
Proscribe = toprohibitorbansomething.
brev = short
Abbreviation = shortendform
Brevity = briefness
Breviary = summary,abridgement
later = side
Bilateral = two-sided
Unilateral = one-sided
Multilateral = many-sided
Lateral = attheside
Magni = large
Magnify = makelarger

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Magnitude = greatnessofsize
Magniloquent = employingimpressivewordswhilespeaking.
Magnificent = impressive,splendid
Magnanimous = verygenerous,largehearted
omni = all
Omniscient = allknowing
Omnipotent = allpowerful
Omnipresent = present everywhere
Omnibus = asinglebookcontainingseparateworksasacollection.
Omnificent = withunlimitedpowertocreate
rect = straight
Rectify = tocorrectorstraighten
Rectitude = righteousness
Rectilinear = straightline
cide = tokillorcut
Ceticide = killingofwhales
Mariticide = killingofhusband
Parricide = killingofparent(eitherfatherormother)
Filicide = killingofchildren
Fratricide = killingofbrother
Patricide = killingoffather
Matricide = killingofmother
Fungicide = killingoffungi
Insecticide = killingofinsect
uxoricide = killingofwife
Suicide = killingofoneself
Sororicide = killingofsister
Genocide = killingofraces
Homicide = killingofhumanbeing
Infanticide = killingofinfant
Lapicide = killingofpets
Foeticide = killingofanunbornchild.
mort, nec = death
Mortal = subjectofdeath
Mortuary = placeofdeadbodies
Necrology = listofthedead,obituary
Necromancy = predictionusingspirits
Necropolis = cityofdead,cemetery
Necropsy = autopsy

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Mortification = deepshameandhumiliation
dormorsomn = to sleep
Dormant = asleep
Insomnia = inabilitytosleep
Somnambulist = walksinhissleep
Somnambulism = sleepwalking
Somnolent = feelingsleepy
aqua = water
Aquatic = ofthewater
Aquarium = containerforfish
Aquaculture = farmingoffishandaquaticplant
fract/frag = break
Fracture = break
Fragile = easilybroken
Fragment = breakintosmallpieces
Infraction = failuretoobeyalaworcontract
mal = bad
Malevolent = harmful,
Malnutrition = lackofhealthyfoodinadiet.
Malignant = evil,fullofevil
Malady = illness,disease
Malinger = topretendillnessespeciallytoavoidwork
Malediction = curse,toutteracurse
cred = believe
Credible = believable
Incredulous = sceptical
Incredible = astonishing
Credential = prooftoability,trustworthiness
Credulous = readytobelieve
sens/sent = feeling
Sensible = reasonable
Sentiment = emotion
Sensory = relatingtosensationorsenseorgans
Sensitive = acutelyperceptive
Sentient = conscious,capableoffeeling
Sensitise = makesensitive
Bel = war
Belligerent = warring
Bellicose = warlike

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Antebellum = precedingawar
vor = eat
Carnivore = flesheater
Herbivore = planteater
frugivore = fruiteater
Omnivore = whoeatseverything
Nectarivore = nectareaterijkxjuiceofflavour
Insectivore = insecteater
Gramnivore = grass eater
Granivore = graineater
alter = other
Altruism = thephilosophypracticedbyaltruists
Alternate = skiponeandtaketheother
Alternative = theotherchoice
Alteration = change
Altercation = averbaldispute
Alterego = otherself
Altruistic = interestedinthewelfareofothers.
'crde', 'ceed' and 'cess' = movement
Precede = comebefore
Proceeding = courseofaction
Process = methodofdoingsomething
Suceed = goahead,besuccessful
Proceed = gobefore
Exceed = goaheadof
Recede = goback
Recession = depressionineconomicactivity
centr = center
Centrist = onewithmoderateviews
Centrifugal = awayfromcenter
Centripetal = towards center
Egocentric = selfish
Eccentric = unconventionalinawhimsicalway.
Heliocentric = withthesunatthecentre
nihil = nothing
Annihilate = kill,reducetonothing
Nihilism = rejectionoroppositiontoallauthority
mar = sea
Marine = ofsea

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Marina = smallharbor
Maritime = ofthesea
Mariner = onewhosailsornavigatesvesselsatsea
doc = to teach
Indoctrinate = instructoneinbasics
Doctrine = ruleorprinciple
Doctor = medicallyqualified
doctrinaire = determinedtouseatheory
luc = light
Elucidate = makeclear
Lucid = clear/transparent
Pellucid = transparent
flect/flex = means to bend
inflect = furn
influx = inwardflow
flexible = adaptable
flexography = printingusingaflexibleplate
Genuflect = bendingestureofrespect
tract/tang = touch
Infact = untouched
Tangible = real/canbetouched
Intangible = cannotbeseenortouched
Tactile = oftouch
Loqu/locut = speak
Circumlocution = evasive speech
Soliloquy = speakingalone
Eloquence = persuasivespeech
Interlocution = conversation
Somniloquy = speakinsleep
Elocution = publicspeaking
Grandiloquence = speech
Colloquality = informalspeaking
Allocution = formalspeaking
Magniloquence = bombasticspeech
Colloquim = scholarlyconference
cogn, sci = knowabletounderstand
Recognize = understand
Science = factualknowledge
Unconcionable = morallyunacceptable

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Conscious = abletounderstand
Unconscious = experiencinglossofsenses
Quasi = resemblingorverysimilar to
Quasi-judicial = semi-judicialpowersresembling
Quasi-dictatorship = adictatorshiphidingunderanotherform
Quasi-scientific = supposedlyscientificbutnotbackedbyfact
Quasi-periodic = somethingthatisalmostpredictable
Ego = I
Egoist = excessivelyhighopinionofoneself
Egocentric = onewhoisexcessivelyfixateduponhisownneeds.
Egomaniac = morbidly,excessivelywrappedupinoneself
Verto = toturn
Introvert = toturnyourthoughtsinwards
Extrovert = toturnyourthoughtsoutward
Ambivert = toturnyourthoughtsinbothdirections
MANIAS
Bibliomania anobsessionwithrarebooks
Demonmania amorbiddelusionofbeingundertheinfluenceofanevilspirit
Dipsomania amorbidcompulsiontodrink
Dromomania amorbidcompulsionfortravel
Egomania amorbidobsessionwithoneself
Graphmania amildmanicforwriting
Hypomania amildmanicexcitement
Kleptomania amorbidcompulsiontosteal
Logomania amaniafortalking
Macromania adelusionthatonesbodyhasbecomeverybig
Micromania adelusionthatonesbodyhasbecomeverysmall
Megalomania amorbiddelusionofonesgrandeur
Monomania singlefixedobsession
Nymphomania excessivesexualdesireinafemale
Pseudomania amaniaformakingfalseandexaggeratedstatements
Pyromania Compulsiontosetfireforthrill
Scribblemania amaniaformakingmeaninglessmarksonpaper
Theomania adelusionthatonehasbecomeagod
PHOBIAS
Acrophobia Morbidfearofhighplacesorheights
Agoraphobia Morbidfearofwideopenplaces
Algophobia Morbidfearofpain
Anglophobia MorbidfearofEnglandandEnglishthings
Anthropphobia Morbidfearofmankind
Astraphobia Morbidfearoflightning,thunderandstorms

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Astrophobia Morbidfearofcelestialspace
Ballistophobia Morbidfearofmissiles
Chirophobia Morbidfearofhands
Claustrophobia Morbidfearofclosed,confinedplaces
Demophobia Morbidfearofcrowds
Dendrophobia Morbidfearoftrees
Ergophobia Morbidfearofwork
Francophobia MorbidfearoftheFrench
Gynaephobia Morbidfearofwomen
Hematophobiaor
hemophobiaor
hemeratorphobia Morbidfearofblood
Hippophobia Morbidfearofhorses
Hydrophobia Morbidfearofwater
Monophobia Morbidfearofbeingalone
Mysophobia Morbidfearofcontaminationorgerms
Nyctophobia Morbidfearofdarkness
Ochlophobia Morbidfearofcrowd
Panophobia Morbidfearofeverythingingeneral
Pathophobia Morbidfearofdisease
Peccatophobia Morbidfearofsinningorhavingsinned
Pedophobia Morbidfearofchildren
Phonophobia Morbidfearoflight
Podophobia Morbidfearoffeet
Pyrophobia Morbidfearoffire
Russophobia MorbidfearofRussians
Sitophobia Morbidfearoffood
Syphilophobia Morbidfearofsyphilis
Thanatophobia Morbidfearofdeath
Toxophobia Morbidfearofbeingpoisoned
Trichophobia Morbidfearofhair
Triskaidekaphobia Morbidfearofthenumber13
Xenophobia Morbidfearofforeigners
Zoophobia Morbidfearofanimalsorsomeparticularanimal

KILLERWORDS B
A filicide thekillingofoneschildren
aqicide thekillingofbees fratricide thekillingofonesbrother
avicide thekillingofbirds genocide thekillingofraceofpeople
homicide thekillingofhumanbeings
canicide thekillingofdogs
infanticide thekillingofonesinfant
germicide thekillingofgerms
matricide thekillingofonesmother
herpeticide thekillingofsnakes parricide thekillingofonesparents
insecticide thekillingofinsects patricide thekillingofonesfather
pesticide thekillingofpests

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populicide thekillingofpopulations animosity activeenmity

regicide thekillingofking antagonism activeopposition
sororicide thekillingofonessister antipathy constitutionalaversion
suicide thekillingofoneself contentiousness quarrelsomeness
uxoricide thekillingofoneswife diatribe pieceofbittercriticism
THEANGRYMAN indignation feelingofsurprisedanger
irascibility angrybehaviour
You have, in English, language, very many
tantrum afitofill-temper
words to express anger in its myriad forms.
virulence fullofhatred
acrimony bitternessoftemper
wrath indignation;greatanger
altercation quarrel

RULESANDFORMSOFGOVERNMENT
You know cracy is an element meaning rule. You find it in the word democracy which means the
rule of the people. There have been many other types of rules such as these:
Aristocracy rulebythenobility
Autocracy rulebyabsolutemonarch
Bureaucracy rulebydeskofficials
Gerontocracy rulebyoldmen
Gynecocracy rulebywomen
Kakistorcracy rulebytheworstcitizens
Mobocracy rulebymob
Neocracy rulebynew,inexperiencedofficials
Pantisocracy rule(government)byall
Phutocracy rulebywealthypeople
Theocracy rulebychurchauthorities
And look at these, too :
Anarchy astatewithoutgovernment
Autarchy governmentofacountrybyonepersonwithunlimitedpower
Biarchy governmentbytwopeople
Endarchy governmentfromaninnercentreofcontrol
Monarchy governmentbyamonarch(king)
Oligarchy governmentinthehandsofafew
Panarchy governmentbyall;universalrule
Pentarchy governmentbyfiverulersorpowers
Polyarch governmentbymanypersons

KNOWYOURDOCTORS
In the field of medicine- ologist denotes a specialist in a specific type of disease. Let is introduce
to you ten of these specialists with the diseases they specialize in.
Cardiologist specializesinheartdiseases
Dermatologist specializesinskindiseases
Endocrinologist specializesindiseasesofglandsofinternalsecretion

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Gerontologist specializesindiseasesofoldage
Gynecologist specializesinfemalediseases
Neurologist specializesinnervediseases
Ophthalmologist specializesineyediseases
Otologist specializesineardiseases
Pathologist specializesindetectingthenatureandoriginofdiseases
Rhinologist specializesinnosediseases
And these, too :
Orthodontist specializesintreatingpersonswithcrookedteeth
Osteopath specializesintreatingpersonwithbonedisplacement
Pediatrician specializesinchildrensdiseases
Podiatrist specializesinfeetailments
Psychiatrist specializesintreatingpersonwithmentalaberrations
BRANCHESOFSCIENCEANDLEARNING

Science Scientist Subject

Archaeology Archaeologist prehistoricremains
Astronomy Astronomer heavenlybodies
Anthropology Anthropologist mankind
Entomology Entomologist insects
Etymology Etymologist derivationofwords
Botany Botanist plantlife
Biology Biologist physicallife
Chromatology Chromatologist colours
Geology Geologist rocks
Graphology Graphologist handwriting
Ecology Ecologist environment
Embryology Embryologist beginningoflife
Ethnology Ethnologist racesofmankind
Lexicography Lexicographer dictionarycompiling
Meteorology Meteorologist weather forecast
Numismatics Numismatist coinsandmedals
Ornithology Ornithologist livesandhabitsofbirds
Phrenology phrenologist skullandbrain
Philology Philologist languages
Pomology Pomologist fruits
Psychology Psychologist thehumanmind
Radiology Radiologist radioactivity
Paleontology Paleontologist fossilsandotherformsofearlylife
Seismology Seismologist earthquakes
Speleology Speleologist caves
Sociology Sociologist societiesandhumanbehaviouringroups

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Zoology Zoologist differentkindsofanimals

Phonology Phonologist speechsoundofalanguageorlanguages
Philately Philatelist stampcollecting
Cartography Cartographer mapdrawing
Choreography Choreographer balletdesigning
Lithography Lithographer stoneengraving
Topography Topographer physicalfeaturesofaplacethroughmaporchart
Demography Demographer statisticsofhumanpopulation
PROFESSIONS
Architect Hedrawsplansforabuilding.
Astronaut A space-traveler
Bookmarker Hetakesbets,especiallyonhorseraces,andwritesdowninhisnotebook.
Balloonist Heascendsinaballoon.
Chemist Hesellsmedicines.
Chauffeur Hedrivesamotorcar.
Collier Heworksinacoalmine.
Compositor Hesetstypeinaprintingpress.
Curator Anofficialinchargeofamuseumorartgallery
Custodian Caretakerofapublicbuilding
Cobbler Menderormakerofshoes
Dietician Anexpertinfoodandnutrition
Draper Hesellscloth,fabric.
Druggist Hesellsmedicines.
Ferrier Heshoeshorses.
Fishmonger Hedealsinfish.
Flautist Afluteplayer
Florist Apersonwhogrowsorsellsflowers
Fruitier Apersonwhodealsinfruit
Glazier Apersonwhosetsglassinwindows,doors,etc.
Grazier Apersonwhopasturescattleforthemarket
Hawker Hetravelsfromplacetoplacesellingmiscellaneousarticles.
Invigilator Apersonwhowatchesoverstudentstakinganexamination
Ironmonger Apersonwhodealsinironorhardware
Jockey Aprofessionalhorseriderinarace
Lapidist Hecutspreciousstones.
Librarian Apersoninchargeofalibrary
Milliner Apersonwhomakesandsellsladieshats,etc
Oculist Heisaneye-doctor.
Optician Aspecialistinmakingeyeglasses
And look at these, too :
Optometrist Heprescribescorrectivelenses.
Pawnbroker Helandsmoneyandkeepsgoodsassecurity.
Physician Heattendstosickpeopleandprescribesmedicines.

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Playwright Hewritesplays.
Plumber Herepairswater-pipesandcisterns.
Potter Hemakespots,cups,etc.
Scavenger Heisarefuge-collector.
Sculptor Hecarvesmarbleorstone.
Surveyor Hemeasuresland.
Technician Heisatechnicalexpert.
Tinker Hegoesfromplacetoplace,mendingpots,pans,etc.
Tobacconist Hesellstobaccoandcigarettes.
Usurer Helendsmoneyatanexorbitantrateofinterest.
Violinist Heplaystheviolin.
TRAITS
Supercilious apersonwhoisoverbearing,proudandhaughty
Misanthrope apersonwhohatesmankind
Libertine apersonwithoutamoral
Impetuous apersonwhoactssuddenlyandwithoutthought
Pugnacious apersonhavinganinclinationtofight
Rapacious apersonhavingagraspingnature;greedy
Malicious apersonwhoisfullofmaliceandillwill
Insidious apersonwhodoesharmsecretlyandcraftily
Petulant apersonunreasonablyimpatientorirritable
Hypocrite apersonwhoisfeigningtobewhatheisnot
Extrovert apersonmoreinterestedinwhatgoesonaroundhimthaninhisownthoughts
andfeelings
Introvert apersonmoreinterestedinhisownthoughtsandfeelingsthaninthings
outsidehimself
Egoist apersonwhoalwaysthinksofhimself
Egocentric apersonwhoisself-centered
Gregarious apersonwholikesthecompanyofothers
Judicious apersonwhopossessesasoundjudgment
Boisterous apersonwhoisnoisyandcheerful
Taciturn apersonwhoishabituallysilentorreserved
Erudite apersonwhoisscholarlyandlearned
Punctilious apersonwhoispreciseintheobservanceofformsorceremonies
Epicurean apersonwholovestherefinementsofpleasureandbelievesthatpleasure
isthechiefgood
Stoic apersonwhoisunmovedbyjoyorgrief
Atheist apersonwhodeniestheexistenceofGod
Catholic apersonwhoisbroadinoutlook
Philistine apersonofmaterialistictasteindifferenttoartandliterature
Fastidious apersondifficulttoplease
Connoisseur apersonwhoisacriticaljudgeinmattersoftaste
Antiquarian apersoninterestedinthestudyofancientthings

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Ascetic apersonwhopracticesself-denialandleadsanausterelife
Gourmet apersonwhohasagoodtastesforfood
Optimist Helooksatthebrightsideoflife.
Pessimist Helooksatthedarksideoflife.
Martinet Heisasticklerfordiscipline.
Aesthete Hehasahighlydevelopedsenseofbeauty.
Pedant Hemakesadisplayofhislearning.
Sycophant Heisaservileflattereroftherichandpowerful.
Hedonist Heleadshislifepurelyforpleasure,especiallyphysicalpleasure.
Infidel Hehasnobeliefinaspecificreligion.
Suave Heispolishedinmanner.
Docile Heisquietandeasilycontrolledmanagedorinfluenced.
Conservative Heisopposedtogreatorsuddenchange.
Misogynist Hehateswomen.
Philanthropist Helovesmankind
Pronographer Hetreatsofsexualsubjectsinpicturesorwritinginawaythatismeantto
causesexualexcitement.
Eccentric Heisapersonwhoispeculiar,notnormalinbehaviour.
Misogamist Hehatestheinstitutionofmarriage.
Misologist Hehateslearningandknowledge.
Gullible Heiseasilytrickedandpersuadedtobelievesomething.
Recluse Helivesincompleteseclusion.
Termagant Sheisnoisy,quarrelsomewoman.
Imperious Heiscommanding,haughtyandarrogant.
Impertinent Heisimpudent,saucyandhedoesnotshowrespect.
Henpecked Heisruledbyhiswife.
Garrulous Hetalkstoomuchaboutunimportantthings.
Egalitarian Hefavoursthedoctrineofequalrightsandopportunitiesforallcitizens.
Plagiarist Hetakesandusessomebodyelsesideas,words,etcasiftheywerehis
own.
Chauvinist Heisapersonwithunreasoningpartialitytohisplaceorgroup.
Debonair Heissuaveandlight-hearted.
Amiable Heiseasyandpleasanttotalkto.
Dilettante Hestudiessomethingbutnotseriouslyandnotwithrealunderstanding:a
dabblerinart,scienceorliterature.
ANIMALTRAITS
Adjectives Description
aquiline eaglelike
asinine asslike
bovine oxlikeorcowlike
canine doglike
elephantine elephantlike
equine horselike

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Adjectives Description
feline carlike
leonine lionlike
ovine sheeplike
porcine piglike
serpentine snakelike
ursine bearlike
vulpine wolflike
MANSATTITUDETOGOD
Atheism disbeliefinGod
Agnosticism skepticismaboutGod
Deism beliefintheexistenceofaDivineBeing,butwithoutacceptanceofrevelation
orreligiousdogma
Henotheism beliefinoneofagroupofgods,withoutassertingthatheistheonlyGod
Monotheism beliefinoneGod
Pantheism beliefthatGodisnature
Polytheism beliefinmanygods
Theism beliefintheexistenceofoneGod,CreatorandRuleroftheuniverse,but
withoutthedenialofrevelation
APPROPRIATEVERBS
7tofomenttrouble tograbtheland
toexplodecrackers tocombthewholearea
toapprehenddanger towastetime
toscotchtherumour(putanendto) tosquandermoney
tovitiatetheatmosphere(spoil) tofritterawayonesenergy
toslingmudatsomeone toexactanexorbitantrateofinterest
toflingremarks
totarnishsomebodysimage toflexthemuscle(bendandmove)
topryintosomebodysaffairs tomollifyonesanger
tonabthecriminal(arrest) tostooplow
toremandonetojailcustody tofoilanattempt
toamasswealth topacifytheangrymob
tohoardgrains tognashonesteeth
topoolonesresources toapportionblame(todivideandshareout)
tocourtdanger
toascertainthefact tosetthebones
tocurrysomebodysfavour(win) toamputateanarm(cutoff)
tolullababytosleep toextractthetooth
tosingalullaby toconveneameeting
torefurbishtheimage(tomake todeliverafieryspeech
brightandfreshagain)
totiltthebalance totakeoutaprocession

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tonurseagrudge tobreakthepolicecordon
toharbourillwill topeltstones
torectifyamistake(putright) tofastuntodeath
tostriketerror togoonstrike
todefyauthority(disobey) tocalloffthestrike
tostruggleagainstodds tocontroltheunrulymob
toclimbstairs tocastvote
toscalethewall tounfurlorhoisttheflag
tomopthefloor tobareonesbosom
todustthebooks toexpungeanobjectionableremark
totwirlthemoustache toboxtheears
tocastaspersiononsomeone toacknowledgesomeonesclaim
tolobtheball toconcedethedemand(admitastrue)
tospoonacatch tochooseacareer
toassignreason toembarkonanadventure
tociteprecedent todrawupaplan
toconcoctastory toexecuteaplan
toofferpleas totossthecoin
toconfirmanappointment tospilleveryounceofonesenergy
toratifyatreaty toflashanews
toinflictawound toleapwithjoy
todressthewound tobaskinthesunshine
tofeelthepulse tocommitacrime
toadministeroxygen tocommitacrime
tocommittomemory
totransfuseblood tostitchclothes
tografttheskin tosewonthebuttons
totransplanttheheart toplaytheviolin
todrawaninference toinvokethegods
toplaythehost toaddressthechair
tolaythetable tosetfiretosomething
toroastmeat tosetsomethingonfire
tofryfish tokindleafire
tobakebread topropoundatheory
tocookrice topromulgateanordinance
towhetonesappetite tocommunicatenews
tosatiateoneshunger tochannelizeonesenergy
toquenchonesthirst towringwetclothes
todeploytroops todistortfacts
todemolishanunauthorized todisfigureonesface
structure toseverconnections
todesecrateaplaceofworship todisruptameeting

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(touseinanunworthyway) tolyncharapist
toextortmoney tolauncharocket
togreasesomebodys(showoff) tooppressthepoor
toeradicatecrime,poverty tomalignaninnocentperson
towalkthedistance torespondtokindness
todiscardaworngarment torivetonesattention(toattract)
torevokeawill andholdstrongly)
toabjureonesreligion toextortaconfessionfromsomeone
tosuppressarebellion togenerateheat,electricity
torestrainanaction tounfoldaplan
tofulfilapromise toaironesgrievances
toopposeameasure topeeloffanorange
toresistanattack toweavethreadstogether
toforgenewfriendship toforetellthefutureevents
torenewoldcontact topropitiatethegods(winthefavourof)
toburythedead toencouragethetimid
tospitblood,venom tosuccortheendangered
todelineateacharacter tosupporttheweak
tobragaboutsomething torepulseanattack
COMMONLYUSEDVERBS
A particular noun needs a particular verb to express what is done to it. As for example do
research, take an exam, give a talk, play a game, make an effort, perform a task, have a rest. The
verbs commonly used with particular nouns are plentiful. You will do well to know them in their right
combinations. Here are a few common expressions:

breakfast awalk agoodtime

lunch aride aniceevening
tea agameofcards abadday
dinner arest athought
coffee alie-down anidea
ameal asleep atalk
adrink adream achat
aglassofjuice a headache aconversation
aparty anillness arow
ashave afit aquarrel
abath anaccident afight
awash anoperation awordwithsomebody
ashower aholiday ababy(givebirth)
aswim adayoff anervousbreakdown
atry ago asetback

anaccusation ajourney
anarrangement love
anattempt ameal(prepareameal)

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amistake
aboat money
achange anoise
acomment anoffer
adecision peace
aneffort aplan
anestimation progress
anexception aprofit
anexcuse apromise
afuss arecommendation
agesture arequest
aguess astatement
animpression(onsomeone) war

action alikingto
advantage(ofsomethingorsomeone) alook
abath medical/legaladvice
care mywordforit(believeme)
charge(of) notice(ofsomething)
achance(onsomething) anobjectionto
courage offence(atsomething)
adeepbreath (great)painsoversomething
adegrre(obtain) apill
drivinglessons aquicklookround
anexceptionto responsibility(for)
afancyto risks
fright(atsomething) a seat
heart somethingtoheart
hold(ofsomething) ataxi
aholiday thingseasy
libertieswith yourtimeoversomething(nothurry)

Yourbest
business(withsomeone) (someone)agoodturn/harm
acourse(ofstudy) yourhomework
somedamage thehousework
adance ajob
thewashing-up research
yourduty theshopping
(someone)afavour yourhair
good usthehonour

(someone)achance
achaseto a performance
acommand permission
details anopinion
evidence (somebody)aring(telephonehim)

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information atalk/lecture
aparty way

cards aduty bald

fair(fairly) afunction blind
agame anoperation crazy
thegame(observetherulesofthegame) apieceofmusic grey
theman(actlikeaman) aplay mad
amusicalinstrument tricks rusty(iron)
(some)music sour(milk)
apart stale(bread)
prank(onsomeone)
arecord(cassette,tape,etc) wrong(machine)
arole
atrick(onsomebody)
atune

Atrainmovesofffromtheplatform. Aboatputsofffromtheshore.
Atreeshedsitsleave. Abirdcastsoffitsfeathers.
Youscrubthefloor. Youpolishthecar.
Youshakeyourhead. youshrugyourshoulders.
Youwastetime. BUT Yousquandermoney.
Yousharpentheknife. Youquickenyoursteps.
Youunravelasecret. Youunearthaburiedtreasure.
Youcookrice. youbakebread.
Yousitfor/takeanexam Youmark/setanexam
(ifyoureastudent). (ifyoureateacher)
Youparethenails. Youclipthemoustache.
Trainsrumble. Wheelsrattle.
IDIOMATICNOUNPHRASES

anarmyofsoldiers
anassemblyofrepresentatives
acontingentofarmypersonnels,boyscouts
acorporationofpeople
acorpsofvolunteers,soldiers
acouncilofministers,advisers
acrewofsailors
acrowdofpeople
aflurryofattentivecallers
abrigadeofcavalry,infantry,artillery
acongressofrepresentatives,delegates
abandofmusicians,followers
abatchofpupils,candidates
abattalionofsoldiers
abenchofjudges
abevyofgirls,ladies
aboardofdirectors,trustees,examiners
abodyofmen,soldiers,police,laws,etc
agangofrobbers,thieves,convicts,prisoners
agatheringofpeople

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acaravanofpilgrims,merchants aguildoftradesmen,artisans
achoirofsingers ahordeofbarbarians,savages
acricleoffriends,acquaintances ahostofpeople
aclassofpersons,students amobofrioters
acliqueofschemers amultitudeofpeople
acolonyofpeople amusteroftroops
acompanyofactors,merchants apanelofjudges,jurymen
aconcourseofpeople apackoffools,knaves
aconferenceofpreachers,delegates apartyofmusicians,people
aconfregationofpilgrims,worshippers aplatoonofsoldiers,musketeers
aposseofpolicemen aprocessionofpeople
aschoolofthinkers,learnedmen aqueueofpeople
asyndicateofmerchants,businessmen aregimentofsoldiers
asenateofcouncilors,universitymembers ateamofplayers
athrongofpeople asquadofsoldiersdrilling
atrainoffollowers asquadronofsoldiers,ships
atribeofaborigines astaffofteachers,officials,servants
atroopofsoldiers astreamofpeople,visitors
atroupeofdancers,artistes astringofcoolies
aunionofworkers,tradesmen

Collectionofanimals,birdsandinsects

anarmyofants aleashofhares,hounds
abevyofswans alitterofpuppies,kittens,piglings
abroodofchickens (broughtforthatonebirth)
acolonyoftermites amusterofpeacocks
acolumnofants anestofants
acoveyofpartridges(flyingtogether) apackofasses,hounds,wolves
aschoolofwhales,porpoises adroveofcattle(whendriven)
ashoalofherrings,fishes aflightofbirds,locusts,insects
astringofcamels aflockofsheep,geese,chickens
astudofponies,horses agaggleofgeese
aswarmofflies,ants,bees,locusts ahauloffishes(takeninanet)
ateamofhorses,oxen aherdofdeer,swine,cattle(whenpasturingordriventogether)
atrainofdonkeys atroopoflions,monkeys
ahiveofbees

Collectionofthings

analbumofphotos,snapshots,stamps abarrageofquestions
anallianceofstates,powers,etc abasketoffruits
ananthologyofpoems abatchofloaves(bakedtogether)
anarchiveofpublicrecords abeamofrays
anassortmentofjobs ablockofflats,houses

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abaleofcotton,wool abouquetofflowers
aboutofillness aforestoftrees
abudgetofletters,news agalaxyofstars
abunchofflowers,grapes,plantains,keys agalleryofpicturesagarlandofflowers
acacheofarms aglutofinjuries
acatalogueofbooks(ietheirnames) agroupofislands
agroveoftrees acargoofwheat
aheapofstones,ruins,sand acarillonofbells
ahoardofjewels,gold acatchoffishes(takeninanet)
ahostofsubjects acavalcadeofmemories
achainofmountains,events aleagueofpower,states,nations
achestofdrawers alibraryofbooks
acloudofdust alumpofmud,coal,lead
aclumpoftrees amassofcloud,ruins
aclusterofstars,islands,nuts amazeoftanglewook,worldlyaffairs
aclutchofeggs acodeoflaws
acommonwealthofnations amineofinformation
aconfederationofstates,powers amuseumofart
aconsignmentofgoods anosegayofflowers
aconstellationofstars anoutfitofclothes
aconvoyofhelicopters,lorries apackofplaying-cards
acourseoflectures,events apacketofcigarettes
acropofweeds,hair apealofthunder,bells
acurriculumofstudies apencilofrays
afaggotoftwigs,sticks apileofarms,woods,books
afallofleaves,snow,rain apoolofblood
afamilyofplants,languages aquiverofarrows
afleetofcars,ships arangeofmountains,hills
aflightofsteps,stairs ariotofcolours
aflotillaofboats,ships arollofnames
arosaryofbeads astockpileofnucleararms,gunpowder
aroundofshots,duties,applause arowofchairs,trees
astormofprotest aseaoftroubles
astretchofwheatfiled aseriesofevents,lectures
astringofPearls,beads asetofrules,tools
asuiteofrooms,apartments,furniture asheafofarrows,cornstalks
ashockofhair asyllabusofstudies
ashowerofarrows,abuses,rains,bullets atissueoflies
atrainofwagons aspeciesofanimals,plants
atreasuretroveofsunkenships astackofarms,hay,wood(piledtogether)
atuftofgrass,hair,feathers avolleyofquestions,abuses,shots

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MASCULINEANDFEMININE headmaster headmistress

heir heiress
People hero heroine
Masculine Feminine host hostess
actor actress husband wife
author authoress instructor instructress
bachelor spinster son daughter
boy girl son-in-law daugther-in-law
bridegroom bride stepfather stepmother
brother sister steward stewardess
brother-in-law sister-in-law tutor governess
conductor conductress waitor waitress
Masculine Feminine widower widow
count countess wizard witch
duke duchess instructor instructress
earl countess Animals
emperor empress bear she-bear
father mother billy-goat nanny-goat
father-in-law mother-in-law boar sow
fiance fiancee buck doe
friar nun cull cow
gentleman lady drake duck
King queen fox vixen
landlord landlady gander goose
lord lady he-goat she-goat
male female leopard leopardess
man woman lion lioness
manservant maidservant bullock heifer
master mistress cock hen
monk nun cock-sparrow hen-sparrow
negro negress colt filly
nephew niece dog bitch
poet poetess peacock peahen
priest priestess ram ewe
prince princess stallion mare
proprietor proprietress steer heifer
salesman salesgirl tiger tigress
shepherd shepherdess tom-cat tabby-cat
sir madam YOUNGONES
god goddess Adult Young one
godfather godmother bear cub
grandfather grandmother cat kitten

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cow calf Birds, Fish and Insects

deer fawn ant grub
dog puppy been grub
fox cub butterfly caterpillar
frog tadpole cockroach nymph
goat kid duck duckling
hare leveret eagle eaglet
hen chicken,chick goose gosling
horse colt,filly,foal housefly maggot
leopard cub mosquito wriggler,larva
lion whelp moth caterpillar
ram lamb owl owlet
sheep lamb salmon Parr
stage fawn swan cygnet
tiger cub trout fry
wolf cub
WORDSDENOTINGMOVEMENT,PLACESANDHOMES

Movement
(a) Birds (b) Animals
Abirdflies Abearlumbers
Acockstruts Adeerbounds
Acrowflies Adonkeytrots.
Aduckwaddles. Anelephantambles.
Aneagleswoops. Ahorsegallops,trots.
Alarksoars. Ahoundbounds.
Anowlflits. Alambfrisks.
Asparrowflits Alionprowls
Aturkeystruts. Amousescampers
Avultureflaps,risesorhobbles. Arabbitleaps.
Awolflopes.
(c) Persons
Aperson
hobbles,dawdles,limps,lumbers,meanders,
marches,plods,shuffles,paces,slouches,
staggers,strides,strolls,waddles,walks.
(d) Walking Verbs
Wewalkatvaryingpacesandinavarietyofways.Asforexample,ababytoddles,anidlerslouches,a
soldiermarches,andafarmer,afterthedaystoil,plodshiswearywayhome.Andsoon.
Youwillfindheretwosetsofverbs:walkingverbsandverbsofmovement.
WalkingVerb Definition
Totoddle towalkwithshorttotteringsteps(asdoesababy)

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Tolimp towalkasiflame
Tostrut towalkinanaffectedmanner/proudly
Tostride towalkwithlongsteps
Tostroll towalkinaquiet,unhurriedway
Toslouch towalkinalazy,tiredway
Tostagger towalkormoveunsteadily(fromweakness,aheavy
burden,drunkenness,etc)
Toplod towalkslowlyandwearily
Todawdle towalkslowly,wastingtime
Tolumber tomoveinaheavy,clumsy,noisyway
Tomarch towalksmartlyinsteps
Tomeander tofollowawindingpath,movingslowlyandgently(egmeanderingriver)
Nov look at these verbs of movement.
Swoop comedownwitharush(likethebirdofprey)
Skim glideoverwithanoccasionaltouch
Scamper runquicklylikeafrightenedanimal
Sprint runashortdistancewithspeed
Bolt runawayquickly,dartoff
Bound runawayquickly,dartoff
Flash movesoswiftlyastobevisibleforashrottime
Flit flyormovelightlyandquickly(Beesflitfromflowertoflower.)
Hasten movewithspeed
Run movewithquicksteps(fasterthanwalking)
Rush gowithspeed
Lookat these, too.
Tremor shakingmovementoftheground
Shiver movementofbodyduetocold
Vibrate regularmovementbackwardsandforwards
Oscillate regularmovementofasuspendedthingfromonepointtoanother
Flicker movementoftheflame
(e) Specific movement words
Ababytoddles. Atiredtravelerplods.
Akingstrideson Alamepersonlimpsorhobbles.
Adrunkardstaggers. Aconceitedfellowstruts.
(f) Miscellaneous
Thenoseblows Thewindblows
Theearthrotates Waterflows
Thewatchticks Thefanwhirls
Thewoundbleeds Arrowsshoot
Thetrainruns Themachineworks
Places
(a) Where things are made

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Beerinabrewery Bread,cakesinabakery
Filmsinastudio Flourorpaperinamill
Goodsofallkindsinafactory Ironimplementsinasmithy
Leatherintannery Milkproductsinadairy
Money(coins)inamint Shipsinadockyard
Alcoholicdrinksinadistillery
(b) Where games are played
Badmintononacourt Boxinginaring
Billiardsonacloth-coveredtable(abilliardtable)
Cricketonapitch Chessonachessboard
Footballonaground,field Hockeyonaground,field,astroturf
Runningonatrack,course Skatinginarink
Tennisonacourt Waterpoloinaswimmingpool
Wrestlinginanarena
(c) Where persons, things, animals, etc are kept, grown, exhibited, stored
Aeroplanesarekeptinahangar.
Athleticcompetitionsareheldinastadium.
Athleticexercisesareperformedinagymnasium.
Astronomicalobservationsaremadeinanobservatory
Beesarekeptinanapiary.
Birdsarekeptinacage,anaviary.
Birdsandanimalsareexhibitedinazoo.
Clothesarekeptinawardrobe
Clothesorlinenarewashedandironedinalaundry
Deadbodiesareburiedinacemetery
Deadbodiesarecrematedinacrematorium
Fishesarekeptinanaquarium
Fruittressaregrowninanorchard
Gasisstoredinacylinder
Goodsarestoredinadepot
Grainsarestoredinagranary
Grapesaregrowninavineyard
Gunsarekeptinanarmoury.
Historicalrelicsorcuriosarekeptinamuseum
Luggageatarailwaystationiskeptinacloakroom
Medicinesarecompoundedinadispensary
Motorcarsarekeptinagarage
Plates,dishes,potsandothercookingutensilsarewashedinascullery
Scientificexperimentsareconductedinalaboratory
Sickpeoplearetreatedinahospital
Shipsarebuiltorrepairedinadock
Shipsareloadedorunloadedinaquay.

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Wateriscollectedandstoredinareservoir
Wildanimalsarekeptinamenagerie,zoo
Wineandotherprovisionsarestored(underground)inacellar
Youngplantsgrowinanursery.
Homes
(a) Persons (b) Creatures
AnArabinadowar Beesinahive
Aconvictinaprison Abirdinanest
AnEskimosinanigloo Acowinabyre,pen
Agypsyinacaravan Adoginakennel
Ahermitinahermitage Aneagleinaneyrire
Akingoraqueeninapalace Afoxinahole
Aknightinamansion Afowlinacoop
Alumbermaninalogcabin Ahareinaburrow
Alunaticinanasylum Ahorseinastable
Amonkinamonastery Alioninaden
Anoblemaninacastle Amouseinahole
Anuninaconvent,nunnery Anowlinabarn,onatree
Aparsoninaparsonage Apiginasty
Apeasantinacottage Apigeoninadovecote
Apriestinapresbytery Arabbit(tame)inahutch
Aprisonerinacell,jail Arabbit(wild)inaburrow,warren
ARedIndianinawigwam,tepee Asheepinapen,fold
Asoldierinbarracks,camp Aspiderinaweb
ASwissinachalet Asquirrelinadrey
Avagrantonthepavement Atigerinalair
AZuluinakraal Awaspinanest
Wildanimalsinden,lair
WORDSDENOTINGVARIOUSSOUNDS
Cries ofAnimals, Birds and Insects
Animals
Apesgibber Dogsbark(atsomebody)
Asses bray yelporwhine(inpain)
Bulls(Oxen)bellow snarlorgrowl(inanger)
Calveslow bay(atthemoon)
Camelsgrunt howl(indistress)
Donkeysbray Catsmew,purr,caterwaul(whentheyquarrel)
Elephantstrumpet Foxesyelp,bark
Cattlelow Frogscroak
Cowslow,moo Goatsbleat
Crocodilesgrunt Hogsgrunt
Horsesneigh,snort,whinny Oxenlow,bellow

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Houndsbay Pigsgrunt,squeak
Hyenaslaugh Puppiesyelp
Jackalshowl Rabbitssqueak
Kittensmew Serpentshiss
Lambsbleat Sheepbleat
Lionsroar Snakeshiss
Micesqueak Tigersgrowl,roar
Monkeyschatter,gibber Wolveshowl,yelp
Birds
Birdstwitter,chirp,carol,sing, Owlshoot,screech,scream
warble,chirrup Parrotsscreech,chatter,talk
Cockscrow Pea-fowls scream
Crows caw Pigeonscoo
Cuckooscoo Ravenscrock
Dovescoo Rookscaw
Ducksquack Sea-gullsscream
Eagles scream Sparrowschirp,twitter
Geesecackle,gobble,hiss(inanger) Squirrelssqueak
Hawks scream Swallowstwitter
Henscackle,cluck,chuckle Swanscry
Kitesscream Thrusheswhistle
Larkssing,warble Turkeysgobble
Magpieschatter Vulturesscream
Nightingalessing,warble
Insects
Beeshum,buzz,murmur Cricketschirp
Beetlesdrone Fliesbuzz
Miscellaneous Sound
thebabblingofabrook thechurningofseawater
thebeatofadrum theclangingofarms
theblaringofloudspeaker,trumpet theclangourofabell,ahammer,atrumpet
theboomingofcannons,guns theclankingofchains
thebuzzofatelephone,conversation theclatterofhoofs,plates,spoons,knives
thechimingofbells,clock theclickingofknittingneedles
theclinkingofcoins,sword therumblingofheavyvehicles,cloud
thecrackofawhip thecracklingoffire,dryleaves,wood
therustlingofleaves,clothes,wind,paper thecrashofshells
theshufflingoffeet thecrinklingofpaper
thesighingofbreeze thegnashingofteeth
theslamofadoor thegonaofbells
thesplashingofwater,oars thegratingofmachines
theswishingofcane,ladiesskirts thegurglingofwater

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thetappingatthebolteddoor thehissingofsteam
thethuddingofcannons,coconuts thejinglingofcoins
thethunderingofclouds thelappingofwater,waves
thetickofaclock thepatteringofrain
thetinklingofbracelets,glasses thepealofchurchbells,thunder,laughter
thetollingofbells thetootingofahorn
thepoppingofcorks thetwangingofbowstrings
theprattlingofabrook thewhirringofanaeroplane,wings,computers
thepurringofmotorcars therattlingofwheels,cart,carriage
thewhistlingofwind thewhizzingofarrows,motorcars
theripplingofwater,rain thezoomingofaeroplanes
theroaringofthunder,cannon,waves,laughter
Armsclang Keysjingle
Babieslisp Leavesrustle
Bellsring,chime,peal,jingle,tinkle,toll Railwayengineshoot,whistle,roar
Rainpatters Brakes screech, rasp
Reedswhisper Buglesblow
Bulletswhizz Silkrustles
Chainsclank Steelclinks
Coinsjingle,tinkle Streamsbabble
Doorscreak Teeth chatter
Drumsbeat Thunderroars,rumbles,rolls
Footstepssound Trumpetsblare
Gunsboom,explode,roar Waterripples
Hoofsclatter Windwhistles,sighs
NATIONANDNATIONALITY
NationalityWords
CountryPersonNationAdjective
Belgium aBelgian theBelgians Belgian
Bulgaria aBulgarian theBulgarians Bulgarian
Germany aGerman theGermans German
Italy anItalian anItalian theItalians Italian
Mexico aMexican theMexicans Mexican
Morocco aMoroccan theMoroccans Moroccan
Nigeria aNigerian theNigerians Nigerian
Norway aNorwegian theNorwegians Norwegian
Russia aRussian theRussians Russian
USA andAmerican anAmerican theAmericans
American
Czechosovakia aCzech theCzechs Czech
Greece aGreek theGreeks Greek
Thailand aThai theThais Thai

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Burma aBurmese theBurmese Burmese

China aChinese theChinese Chinese
Guyana aGuyanese theGuyanese Guyanese
Japan a Japanese theJapanese Japanese
Lebanon a Lebanese theLebanese Lebanese
Portugal aPortuguese thePortuguese Portuguese
Switzerland aSwiss theSwiss Swiss
Britain aBriton/Britisher theBritish British
Denmark a Dane theDanes Danish
England anEnglishman/Englishwoman theEnglish English
Finland aFinn theFinns Finnish
France aFrenchman/Frenchwoman theFrench French
Holland/the aDutchman/ theDutch Dutch
Netherlands Dutchwoman
Poland aPole thePoles Polish
Scotland aScot theScots Scottish
Spain aspaniard theSpanish Spanish
Sweden aSwede theSwede Swedish
Turkey aTurk theTurks Turkish
Wales aWelshman/Welshwoman theWelsh Welsh
PLURALFORMSOFCERTAINPROBLEMATICNOUNS
SingularPluralSingularPlural
addendum addenda forum forums,fora
alga algae fresco frescoes
alumnus alumni fulcrum fulcrums,fulcra
analysis analyses fungus fungi
antenna antennae genesis geneses
apex apexes,apices genius geniuses
appendix appendices(books,theses,etc.) genushalf generalhalves
appendixes(in hoof hooves,hoofs
antomy) hypothesis hypotheses
aquarium aquaria,aquariums impetus impetuses
axis axes index indexes(tobooks,
bacillus bacilli theses,etc)
bacterium bacteria indices(inMaths)
bamboo bamboos kilo kilos
basis bases knife knives
beau beaux lacuna lacunae,lacunas
bonus bonuses larva larvae
cactus cacti maestro maestros,maestri
corps corps matrix matrices

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corrigendum corrigenda maximum maxima

crematorium crematoria medium media
crisis crises memorandum memoranda
criterion criteria menu menus
crux cruces minimum minima
curio curios momentum momenta,
monentums
datum data
desideratum desiderata mother-in-law mothers-in-law
dictum dicta narcissus narcissi,
narcissuses
dynamo dynamos
emporium emporia nebula nebulae
erratum errata nucleus nuclei
facsimile facsimiles oasis oases
focus focuses,foci(inscientific phenomenon phenomena
context) plateau plateaux,plateaus
formula formulae,formulas prospectus prospectuses
quiz quizzes syllabus syllabuses,syllabi
quorum quorums symposium symposia
quota quotas tableau tableaux
radio radios terminus termini,
terminuses
radius radii thesis theses
sanatorium sanatoria, tornado tornadoes
sanatoriums torpedo torpedoes
serf serfs trauma traumata,traumas
series series ultimatum ultimatums,
ultimata
serum sera sheaf sheaves
vacuum vacuums,vacua solo solos
species species spectrum spectra
vertebra vertebrae, sphinx sphinxes
stadium stadiums,stadia virtuoso virtuosi
stimulus stimuli virus viruses
stratum strata vista vistas
substratum substrata vortex vortices,vortexes
THEYGOINPAIRS
In idiomatic phrases there are certain words that always go in pairs, as for example, kith and kin,
root and branch. The right words are to be placed in the right order. You just cant alter the order of
words. It will be silly of you if you say, kin and kith, or branch and root.
Here is a list of words that generally go in pairs:
bagandbaggage friendsandfoes loavesandfishes

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blackandwhite godsandgoddesses lockandkey

blackandblue goldandsilver menandwomen
boysandgirls haleandhearty partandparcel
breadandbutter heartandsoul princeandprincess
carrotsandradishes hearthandhome questionsandanswers
catsanddogs hereandthere rootandbranch
cupsandsaucers highandlow rackandruin
darkanddreary horseandcarriage slowandsteady
doctorsandnurses hotandcold sonsanddaughters
doorsandwindows hueandcry spickandspan
dukeandduchess insandouts stoutandstrong
dullanddrab joysandsorrows sumandsubstance
EastandWest knivesandforks toothandnail
fairandsquare ladiesandgentlemen upanddown
farandwide lawandorder upsanddowns
fatandflabby leanandthin wealandwoe
BITSANDPIECESOFTHINGS
In English there are many words to talk about a piece of something. The substance may be solid
(a piece of wood), may not be solid (a drop of wine), may be solid but quite thin (a slice of bread), or
solid but small (a grain of salt), or solid but not so small (a block of stone).
Hereislist ofsuch words.It will letyou knowwhat substancesthesewordsreferto.
abarofchocolate/soap alumpofcoal/earth/clay
abitofbread/paper/clay/wood apatchofcloud/grass
ablockofstone/wood apieceofbread/paper/wood/clay
achip/flake/splinter/sliverofstone/wood apuff/wispofsmoke
arasherofbacon achunk/hunkofbread/meat
arayoflight aclodofearth
ascrapofcloth/paper aclotofblood
ascrap/shredofpaper/cloth acrumbofbread/cake
asegmentoforange adash/squirt/squeezeoflemonjuice/oil
ashredofcloth/paper aslabofstone/cheese
adripofwater asliceofbread/cake
adropofwater/wine/oil asplinter/sliverofglass
anearofcorn asquareofchocolate
aflakeofsnow astripofland/lawn/sandybeach
afragmentofmatter atabletofstone
agrain/pinchofsalt atractofland
agrainofsand awadofcotton

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DIMINUTIVES
Diminutives are such words that denote small specimen of big things. They are nouns that
express smallness, either actual or imputed, token of affection or contempt. The chief suffixes
forming diminutives are: et (coronet), let (streamlet) en (chicken), ock (hillock,), ling (sapling).
Thelistofcommonlyuseddiminutivesgivenbelowwillbeofimmensehelptoyouinthechoice
ofrightwords.

Word Diminutives scythe sickle

animal animalcule seed seedling
ankle anklet shade shadow
ball ballot star asterisk
bird birdie statue statuette
book booklet stream streamlet
car chariot table tablet
cigar cigarette top tip
city citadel tower turret
corn kernel umbrella parasol
crown coronet village hamlet
dame damsel wagon wagonette
dear darling weak weakling
Word Diminutives Look at these words, too :
drop droplet reticule asmallnethandbag
eye eyelet ridicule small,mockinglaughter
flower floweret,floret molecule atinyparticleofmatter
globe globule funicle asmallcord
hill hillock fledgling ababybird;aninexperienced
home hamlet
person
lance lancet
gosling ababygoose
lock locket
princeling aprinceofasmallcountry
man manikin
sapling averyyoungtree;youth
mouth muzzle
Look at these, words, too :
nave navel
morsel averysmallpieceoffood
nest nestling
globule asmalldropofaliquidormelted
nose nozzle
solid
part particle
infinitesimal sosmallthatitcannotbemeasured
pill pillow
poet poetaster ANNIVERSARY
puss pussy semicentennial 50thanniversary
ring ringlet centennial 100thanniversary
river rivulet sesquicentennial 150thanniversary
room roomette bicentennial 200thanniversary
rose rosette tercentennial 300thanniversary
sack satchel tetracentennial 400thanniversary

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pentacentennial 500thanniversary octennial occurringonceineightyears

hexacentennial 600thanniversary decennial occurringonceintenyears
Lookatthesewords,too: HOWOLDAREYOU?
They denote the varying periodic occurrence of Im15yearsold. Imanadolescent.
an event.
Im60to69yearsold. Imasexagenarian.
biennial occurringonceintwoyears
Im70to79yearsold. Imaseptuagenarian.
triennial occurringonceinthreeyears
Im80to89yearsold. Imanoctogenarian.
quadrennial occurringonceinfouryears
Im90to99yearsold. Imanonagenarian.
quinquennial occurringonceinfiveyears
Im100yearsold. Imacentenarian.
sexennial occurringonceinsixyears
septennial occurringonceinsevenyears

COMMONPLACECPMPARISONS
The English language abounds in striking similes in which one thing is likened to another in such
a way as to clarify and enhance an image. As for example, as dead as a dorrnail, as blind as a bat,
and as cool as cucmber.
Here is a comprehensive list of comparative phrases of as.......as pattern:
A
Asactiveasquicksilver Asdarkasmidnight,asadungeon,aspitch
Asagelessasthesun Asdeadasadoornail,asaherring,asmutton,
Asagileasamonkey,asacat Asdeadasadodo
Asalikeastwobeans,astwopeas Asdeafasanadder,asabeetle,asapost
Asambitiousasthedevil,asLadyMacbeth Asdearaslife
AsaridasthesandsoftheSahara Asdeepastheocean,asawell
Asbaldasabilliardball,asacoot,asanegg, Asdesolateasatomb.
asabadger
Asdevotedasafaithfuldog
Asbashfulasaschoolgirl Asdifferentaschalkfromcheese
Asbeautifulasarainbow,asthesunset Asdirtyasditch-water
Asbigasanelephant,asawhale Asdistantasthehorizon
Asblackasacrow,ascoal,asebony,asjet,as Asdryasabone,asdust,asamummy,asastick
pitch,asmidnight,asaraven,assoot,asink Asdumbasastatue
Asblindasabat,asamole,asabeetle AseasyasABC,aslying
Asblueastheindigo,asthesky AseloquentasCicero
Asboundlessastheocean Aselusiveasquicksilver
Asbounteousasnature Asemptyasspace
Asbraveasalion Asfaitthfulasadog
Asbriefasadream,astime,asacandle Asfastasahare,aslight
Asbrightasabutton,asday,aslight, Asfickleastheweather
asanewpin,assilver
Asbrightassilver Asferociousasalion
Asbrittleasglass Asfierceasatiger

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Asbusyasabee Asfirmasarock,assteel,asfaith
Ascheapasdirt Asfitasafiddle
Ascheerfulaslark Asflatasabilliardtable,asaboard,asapancake
Asclearascrystal,asdaylight,asnoonday Asflatasapancake
Ascoldascharity,asafrog,asstone,asmarble,asice Asfreeastheair,asabird
Asfreshasadaisy,asarose,asdew
Ascoolasacucumber Asgayasalark
Ascosyasabirdsnest Asgentleasdove,asalamb,asafawn
Ascountlessasthedesertsands,asthestars Asgloomyasnight
Ascrispasnewbanknotes Asgloriousasthesun
Ascrookedasacorkscrew Asgoodasgold
Ascrossastwosticks Asgracefulasaswan
Ascruelasdeath,aswinter Asgreedyasadog,asahog,asawolf
Ascunningasafox Asgreenasgrass
Asgreyassmoke AssimpleasABC
Asgrimasdeath,ashell Asslipperyasaneel,asaserpent
Ashardasflint,asamarble,asgranite,asnails Asslowasasnail
Asharmlessasababe,asadove Asslyasafox
Asheavyaslead,assand Assmoothasbutter,asoil,asvelvet
Ashelplessasababe Assnugasbuginarug
Ashighasheaven,asthestars Assoftasbutter,asfur,assilk,aswax,aswool
Ashonestastheday Assolidasarock
Ashungryasachurchmouse,asawolf Assolitaryasatomb
Asimpatientasalover Assoundasabell
Asindustriousasanant Asspinelessasajellyfish
Asinevitableasdeath Asspotlessassnow
Asinnocentasababe,asadove Assteadfastasthesun
Aslargeaslife Assteadyasarock
Aslightasafeather,asabutterfly,asair Asstealthyasacat
Aslivelyasacricket Asstraightasanarrow,asalance
Asmadasahatter,asaMarchhare Asstubbornasamule
Asmeanasamiser Assuperstitiousassailors
Asmeekasadove,aslamb Assureasdeath,asfate
Asmischievousasakitten,asmonkey Assweetashoney,assugar
Asnaturalaslife Asswiftasanarrow,asthought,aslightning,
Asnewasday asthewind
Asobstinateasamule Astalkativeasamagpie
Asoldasthehills Astallasamaypole,assteeple
Aspaleasdeath,asaghost Astenderasabud,aslamb,asachicken
Aspeacefulassleep Astoughasleather,asnails
Aspiercingaslight Astransparentasglass
Asplainasapikestaff Asuglyasascarecrow

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Asprettyasapicture Asuncertainastheweather
Asprogressiveastime Asunchangeableasthepast
Asproudasapeacock Asvainasapeacock
Aspunctualasclockwork Asvariableastheweather
Aspureasalily Asvenomousasasnake
Asredasblood,ascrimson,asarose,asfire, Aswaryasafox
asscarlet Aswatchfulasahawk,asasentinel
Asregularasclockwork Aswhiteassnow,aswool
Assacredasshrine Aswilyasafox
Assharpasaneedle,asarazor AswiseasSolomon
LOVERWORDS
Loverofbooks Bibliophile
Loverofchildren Paedophile
Loverofanimals Zoophile/Zoophilist
Loveroftrees Dendrophile
Loverofhands Cheirophile
Loveroffeet Podophile
Loverofhorses Hippophile
Loverofknowledge Bibliologist
Loverofwords Philologist
Loverofnomadiclife Nomads
Loverofvegetables Vegetarian
Loverofmeat Carnivore
Loverofhumanflesh Cannibal
Loverofgrandeur Megalomaniac
Loverofwar Warmonger
Loverofpeace Pacifist,Peace-loving
Loverofdemocracy Democrat
Loverofdictatorship Dictator
Loverofmobocracy Mobocrat
Loverofonescountry Patriot
Loverofgoodfood Gourmet
Loverofgoodtasteinart,painting,etc Connoisseur
Loveroftravellingroundtheworld Globetrotter
LoverofGodandreligion Theist
Loverofalcoholicdrink Drunkard
Loverofsociety Sociable
Loverofmoney Mercenary
Loverofsportsandgames Sportsfan,Sportsman
Loverofmankind Humanitarian,Philanthropist
Loverofmaterialthings Materialist
Loverofself Narcissist

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HATERWORDS
Haterofwomen Misogynist
Haterofmankind Misanthrope
Haterofknowledge Misologist
Haterofalcoholicdrinks Teetotaller
Haterofwar Pacifist
Haterofidolworship Iconoclast
Haterofpompandshow Austere
Haterofmarriage Celebate,Misogamist
Haterofworldlylife Recluse
GRAPHYWORDS
Autobiography storyofapersonslifewrittenbyhimself
Biography storyofapersonslifewrittenbysomeoneelse
Calligraphy eleganthandwriting
Chronography arecordofpasttime;history
Demography studyofbirths,deaths,diseases,etctoshowthe
conditionofacommunity
Epistolography theartofletter-writing
Geography scienceoftheearthssurface,physicalfeatures,
divisions,climate,products,population,etc
Homography processofprintingfrompartsofaflatstoneorsheet
ofzincoraluminumthatarepreparedtoreceivea
greasyink
Microcomography adescriptionofamanasmicrocosm
Orthography writingwithcorrectpenmanshipandspelling
Polygraphy literaryproductiveness;writingonavarietyofsubjects
Seismography thestudyofearthquakes
Photography artorprocessoftakingphotographs
Topography descriptionofthefeatures,egrivers,valleys,roads,of
aplaceordistrict
Telegraphy thetechniqueofsendingmessagebyelectricalsingals
Videography therecordingofsoundandvision,egoftelevision
programmesbymagnetictape
Xeroxography ascientificmethodofphotostating

LOGYWORDS Angiology Study of Blood Flow And

Different Forms of ScienceandStudies LymphaticSystem
Acoustics ScienceofSound Anthropology StudyofHumanCultures
Aerology StudyofTheAtmosphere Apiology StudyofBees
Aeronautics StudyofNavigationThroughAir Arachnology StudyofSpiders
orSpace Arthrology StudyofJoints
Anatomy StudyofTheStructureofThe Astrology Study of Influence of Stars on
Body People

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Astronomy StudyofCelestialBodies Herpetology Study of Reptiles and

Astrophysics StudyofBehaviourofInterstellar Amphibians
Matter Hippology TheStudyofHorses
Bibliology Study0fBooks Histology Study of The Tissues of
Biology StudyofLife Organisms
Botany StudyofPlants Histopathology StudyofChangesinTissueDue
Cardiology StudyofTheHeart toDisease
Cartography The Science of Making Maps Horticulture StudyofGardening
andGlobes Hydrology StudyofWaterResources
Chemistry Study of Properties of Ichthyology StudyofFish
Substances Immunology StudyofImmunity
Chirography Study of Handwriting or Kinetics Study of Forces Producing or
Penmanship ChangingMotion
Chiropody MedicalScienceofFeet Lexicology StudyofWordsandTheir
Cosmology StudyofTheUniverse Meanings
Cynology ScientificStudyofDogs Lexigraphy ArtofDefinitionofWords
Cytology StudyofLivingCells Limnology StudyofBodiesofFreshWater
Dendrology StudyofTrees Linguistics StudyofLanguage
Dermatology StudyofSkin Lithology StudyofRocks
Ecology StudyofEnvironment Mathematics StudyofMagnitude,Number,
Economics StudyofMaterialWealth andForms
Electrochemistry Study of Relations Between Mechanics Study ofAction of Force on
ElectricityandChemicals Bodies
Electrostatics StudyofStaticElectricity Metallurgy StudyofAlloyingandTreating
Metals
Entomology StudyofInsects
Meteorology StudyofWeather
Epidemiology StudyofDiseases;Epidemics
Microbiology StudyofMicroscopicOrganisms
Epistemology StudyofGroundsOfKnowledge
Mycology StudyofFunguses
Ethnology StudyofCultures
Myology StudyofMuscles
Ethology Study of Natural or Biological
Character Mythology StudyofMyths;Fables;Tales
Etiology The Science of Causes; Nephrology StudyofTheKidneys
EspeciallyofDisease Neurology StudyofNervousSystem
Etymology StudyofOriginsofWords Numerology StudyofNumbers
Euthenics Science Concerned With Numismatics StudyofCoins
ImprovingLivingConditions Obstetrics StudyofMidwifery
Gastronomy StudyofFineDining Odontology StudyofTeeth
Geography Study of Surface of The Earth Ombrology StudyofRain
andItsInhabitants Oncology StudyofTumours
Geology StudyofEarthsCrust Oology StudyofEggs
Gerontology StudyofTheElderly;Aging Ophiology StudyofSnakes
Glaciology StudyofIceAgesAndGlaciation Ophthalmology StudyofEyeDiseases
Heliology ScienceofTheSun Optics StudyofLight
Hematology StudyofBlood Ornithology StudyofBirds
Hepatology StudyofLiver Orology StudyofMountains

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Orthography StudyofSpelling MedicalApplications

Osmology StudyofSmellsandOlfactory Rheology ScienceofTheDeformationor
Processes FlowofMatter
Osteology StudyofBones Rheumatology StudyofRheumatism
Paedology StudyofChildren Rhinology StudyofTheNose
Palaeontology StudyofFossils Seismology StudyofEarthquakes
Papyrology StudyofPaper Semantics StudyofMeaning
Pathology StudyofDisease Semantology ScienceofMeaningsofWords
Pedagogics StudyofTeaching Sociology StudyofSociety
Pedology StudyofSoils Spectrology StudyofGhosts
Petrology StudyofRocks Stasiology StudyofPoliticalParties
Pharmacognosy Study of Drugs ofAnimal and Teleology StudyofFinalCauses;Analysis
PlantOrigin inTermsofPurpose
Pharmacology StudyofDrugs Theology Study of Religion; Religious
Philately StudyofPostageStamps Doctrine
Philosophy Science of Knowledge or Thermodynamics Study of Relation of Heat To
Wisdom Motion
Physics StudyofPropertiesofMatterand Thermology StudyofHeat
Energy Topology Study of Places and Their
Physiology StudyofProcessesofLife NaturalFeatures
Piscatology StudyofFishes Toxicology StudyofPoisons
Planetology StudyofPlanets Trichology StudyofHairandItsDisorders
Podiatry Study and Treatment of Urology StudyofUrine;UrinaryTract
DisordersoftheFoot;Chiropody Virology StudyofViruses
Potamology StudyofRivers Vulcanology StudyofVolcanoes
Psychology StudyofMind Xylology StudyofWood
Pyrgology StudyofTowers Zoology StudyofAnimals
Radiology Study of X-Rays and Their Zymology ScienceofFermentation

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5.SOMEIMPORTANTPHRASALVERBS
Accountfor (dkj.k crkuk)% Heaskedhertoac-
countforthedownfalloftheMughalEmpire.
Acton/upon (vlj Mkyuk)% Thismedicinecan
actontheheart.
Addto (c<+kuk)% Thegardenaddstothebeauty
ofthehouse.
Addup (dk ;ksx djuk)% Iaskedhimtoaddup
tenfigures.
Allowfor (;ku esa ysuk)% Itwilltakealmostan
hourtoreachthestation,allowingfortrafficde-
lays.
Allowof(xqatkb'k j[kuk)% Thepatinent'scondition
allowsofnodelay.
Answerback(f<BkbZ ls tokc nsuk)% Agoodboy
shouldnotanswerbackhiselders.
Answerfor(ftEesnkj gksuk)% Icannotanswerfor
hismisconduct.
Askafter (ds ckjs esa iwNuk)% Heaskedafterher
health.
Askfor (ekaxuk)% Sheaskedmeforhelp.
Askin(vUnj cqykuk)% Iwasstandingatthegate
buthedidnotaskmein.
Backdown (vius vf/dkj ;k fopkj R;kxuk] nkok
NksM+ nsuk)% Shesaidthatshehadsomeshareinthis
propertybutlateronshebackeddown.
Backoff (nkok NksM+ nsuk)% Heclaminedthatthe
recoveredradiowashisbutwhenhewasasked
toproducethepapers,hebackedoff.
Backout(IkhNs gVuk] oknkf[kykiQh djuk] eqdj tkuk)%
She backed out from her promise of marrying
him.
Backup(leFkZu nsuk] lgk;rk nsuk] izksRlkfgr djuk)%
Webackedhimupinthiselection.
Bail out (tekur nsuk)% The high Court bailed
himout.
Bankon/upon(Hkjkslk djuk] fuHkZj djuk)% Wedo
notbankonyourhelp.
Bargainwith(lkSnk djuk)% Ibargainedwiththe
farmerforthepieceofland.
Bargainfor(Lohdkj djus ds fy, rS;kj gksuk)% He
didnotbargainformysingingsowell.
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Beoff(pyk tkuk)% Allofusmustbeoffnow.
Bearon/upon(mUeq[k gksuk] laxr;qDr gksuk)% Your
suggestiondoesnotbearon/uponmyproblem.
Bearout(leFkZu djuk] leFkZu nsuk] lkFk nsuk] iqf"V
djuk)% wewillbearouthisstatement.
Bearup (gkSlyk j[kuk)%
(i) Mohanboreupwellagainstallhismisfor-
tunes.
(ii) Tellthemtobearup.
Beat down (de djuk)%
(i) Hedemandedeightythousandforthecarbut
Ibeathimdown.
(ii) Ibeatdownhisprice.
Beatup([kwc fiVkbZ djuk] [kwc ihVuk)% Thethief
wasbadlybeatenup.
Bendto(>qduk)% Icannotbendtohistermsand
conditions.
Bebenton (,d fuf'pr ms'; ds :i esa j[kuk)%
SheisbentonmasteringFrench.
Block up (can dj nsuk] jksduk)% All the roads
wereblockedupbyheavysnowfall.
Blot out (n`f"V ls fNik nsuk)% The mist came
downandblottedouttheview.
Blotout(cckZn dj nsuk] feVVk nsuk)% TheIndian
armyblottedoutthetraceoftheenemytroops.
Blowin/into('kksjxqy djrs gq, ;k izlUurkiwoZd izo's k
djuk)% Theboysbrokethedoorandblewin/into
theroom.
Blowout(cq> tkuk_ cq>k nsuk)% Thecandleblew
out.Thecandlewasblownoutbythewind.
Blowup (foLiQksV gksuk] cjckn gksuk)% Thegas
cylinderblewup.
Boardout(?kj ls ckgj Hkkstu djuk)% Iliveinhis
housebutIboardout.
Boilaway(dqN Hkh vo'ks"k u jgus rd mcyrs jguk)%
Thewaterhadallboliedawayandthekettlewas
empty.
Boildown(ek=kk esa de gksuk)% Itallboileddown
tothis.
Boilover(mcy tkuk] mcydj fxj tkuk] miQudj
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137

fxjuk)% Themilkboiledover.
Borderon/upon (ln`'k gksuk)% Yoursuggestion
borderson/uponafool's.
Branchoff(dkj] Vsu vkfn dk) eq[; ekxZ NksM+dj
vU; ekxZ ls pyuk)% WhentheDanapur-Howrah
Expressderailednear
Bankaghat,allothertrainsbranchedofftwodays.
Branchout ('kk[kkvksa dh rjg iSQyuk)% Hisbusi-
nessisbranchingout.
Breakaway(vyx gks tkuk] Hkkx tkuk)%
(i) AseniorJ.D.leaderbrokeawayandformed
anewparty.
(ii) Hebrokeawayfromherandracedforthe
door.
Breakdown(u"V djuk] fxjk nsuk% fcxM+ tkuk)%
(i) Thelawandordersituationinthestatehas
broken down.
(ii) Some anti-social elements have broken
downtheacademicatmosphereofthiscol-
lege.
Breakin(tcnZLrh ?kj esa ?kqluk)% Someburglars
hadbrokeninwhilewewereawayonleave.
Breakeinto (rkykcan edku ;k dejs esa tcnZLrh
?kqluk)%Somethievesbrokeintohishouselast
night.
Breakoff (lEcU/] vkfn rksM+u)% Shehasbroken
offherengagement.
Breakout (,dk,d iSQyuk] vpkud izdV gksuk)%
Cholerabrokeoutinmyvillagelastyear.
Breakup(VqdM+&s VqdM+s gksuk)% Thesteamerdashed
againstabigrockandbrokeup.
Breakwith(nksLrh lekIr djuk_ vknr NksM+uk)
(i) Shebrokewithherbosomfriend.
(ii) Everybodyshouldbreakwithbadhabits.
Breathe upon (dya d yxkuk (uke ij)] /Cck
yxkuk)% Sheelopedwithherloverandthereby
breatheduponherfamily'sperstige.
Bring along (lkFk ykuk)% I asked her to bring
herfriendsalong.
Bringback(iqu% ykuk)% Nobodywillliketobring
backtheSati-System.
Bringdonw(fxjkuk_ ekj Mkyuk_ r[rk iYkVuk)%
The Congress party brought down the Deve
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Gowdagovernment.
Bringforth (tUe nsuk] iSnk djuk] mRiUu djuk)%
Shebroughtforthtwochildren.
Bringforward(izLrqr djuk] fn[kkuk_ vkxs ys tkuk)%
(i) Hebroughtforwardtheideaofopeninga
school.
(ii) Themeetinghasbeenbroughtforwardto
Saturday.
Bringin(izLrqr djuk] mRiUu djuk] vk;krk djuk]
ykHk igqp
a kuk)% Thegovernmentintendstobringin
legislationtopreventtheexploitationofwomen.
Bringoff (fdlh dk;Z dks liiQyrkiwoZd djus dk
iz ca / djuk)% It was not an easy task but we
broughtitoff.(=manageditsuccessfully).
Bringoff(cpk ysuk] [kkldj nq?kZVukxzLr ikuh okyk
tgkt ls)% The passengers and the crew were
broughtoffbytheMumbaiBoatClub.
Bringon(vfHkizsfjr djuk_ vkxs c<+kuk)% Hewas
outalldayintherainandthisbroughtonabad
cold.
Bringout(izdkf'kr djuk_ Li"V djuk_ izLrqr djuk)%
(i) Whenarethepublishersbringingoutyour
newbook?
(ii) Shedidnotbringoutthemeaningofthis
poem.
Bringround(gks'k esa ykuk)% Twoplayersfainted
inthescorchingheatbuttheyweresoonbrought
round.
Bringto (gks'k esa ykuk)%
(i) Theybroughtthegirltowithsmellingsalts.
(ii) Theybroughtyouto.
Bringunder(nck nsuk_ 'kkfey djuk)%
(i) Thegovernmentbroughttherebelunder.
(ii) These points can be brought under three
mainheads.
Bringup(ikyu&iks"k.k djuk_ i<+kuk&fy[kkuk)% She
hasbroughtupthreechildren.
Brood on/over (yacs le; rd (fdlh dfBukbZ]
vkfn) ds ckjs esa lkspuk)
Shesitstherebroodingonwhetherlifeisworth
living.
Brushaway (gVk nsuk] Hkxk nsuk)% Shebrushed
awayaflyfromhernose.
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138

Brush aside (;ku u nsuk] mis{kk djuk)% He
brushedasideallobjections.
Buildon/upon(fuHkZj djuk)% Sheshouldnotbuild
onherlover'spromises.
Buildup(teuk_ c<+uk)% Trafficisbuildingup.
Buildup (/hjs&/hjs cukuk] gkfly djuk)% Hehas
builtupagoodbusiness.
Burnaway(cckZn gks tkuk)% Halfthecandlehas
burntaway.
Burndown(tykdj cckZn dj nsuk_ tydj cckZn
gksuk)
(i) Thehouseburntdown.
(ii) Thehousewasburntdown.
Burnout (cq> tkuk)% Thefireburntout.
Burn up (//duk)% She put some wood on the
fireandmadeitburnup.
Burstin(ck/k Mkyuk)% Nobodycantolerateyour
burstingin.
Burstinon(vpkud vk tkuk)% Theywillburst
inonusanymoment.
Burston/upon (vpkud vkuk)% Theviewburst
uponoursight.
Buy off (NqVdkjk ikuk)% He bought the black-
maileroff.
Buyout(vnk;xh nsdj eqDr djuk] NqVdkjk ikuk)%
Iboughtthemoneylenderout.
Buy over (dqN nsdj] ?kwl nsdj viuh vksj feyk
ysuk)% He bought the Magistrate over and got
theverdictgiveninhisfavour.
Callat(fdlh ds ?kj] fdlh LFkku] vkfn ij tkuk)%
Icalledatherhousebutfoundherabsent.
Callback(okfil cqykuk)% Callthesoldiersback.
Calldwon(izkFkZuk djuk)% Hecalleddowncurses
onhiswife'shead.
Callfor (ekaxuk] vko';drk eglwl djuk)% Some
politicalpartiescalledfortheresignationofthe
ChiefMinister.
Callin(vUnqj cqykuk)% Shedoesnotcallanybody
in.
Calloff(lekIr djuk] okfil ysuk] j djuk)% The
proposedstrikewascalledoff.
Callon/upon (fdlh O;fDr ds ;gka tkuk_ izkFkZuk
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djuk)% ShecalledontheChiefMinister.
Call out (cqykuk)% The fire brigade was called
outtogetcontroloverthefire.
Callup(VsyhiQksu djuk)% AssoonasIreachDelhi,
Iwillcallyouup.
Callup(Lej.k djuk)% Icalluptheeventsofmy
childhood.
Care about (fpa frr gksuk)% He does not care
abouthiscareer.
Carefor(ns[kHkky djuk)% Whowillcareforher
ifherhusbanddies?
Carefor(ilan djuk)% Idonotcareforadrink.
Carryaway(vkis ls ckgj djuk_ mksftr djuk)%
Oneshouldnotbecarriedawaybyone'senthusi-
asm.
Carryoff(thruk)% Shecarriedoffalltheschool
prizes.
Carryon(tkjh j[kuk] pykuk_ fuHkkuk)% Youmust
carryonyourstudies.
Carryout (vkKk dk ikyu djuk)% Asoldieral-
wayscarriesouttheordersofhiscommander.
Cast aside (NksM+ nsuk] R;kx dj nsuk)% He cast
asidehisfirstwife.
Catchup(with) (vkxs fudyuk)% Goahead,she
willsooncatchup/catchupwithyou.
Catch out (xsan dks yid dj vkmV djuk)% I
caughthimout.
Cheer up (<+k<+l ca/kuk] c<+kok nsuk)% Your visit
hascheeredupthesickchild.
Cheerup(izlUu gksu)% Thechildrencheeredup
ontheirresults.
Clearaway(NwV
a tkuk)% Thecloudshavecleared
away.
Clearoff(NqVdkjk ikuk)% Iclearedhimoff.
Clearout (izLFkku djuk] pyk tkuk)% Thepolice
areafterhim,hehadbetterclearout.
Climb down (uhsp dh vksj vkuk] mrjuk)% He
climbeddownthetree.
Climbup(p<+uk)%youshouldnottrytoclimbup
anelectricpole.
Closedown(iwjh rjg can djuk))% Theworkers
forcedtheManagertoclosedownthefactory.
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Close in on/upon (<ad nsuk)% Snow closed in
ontherocks.
Close with (Lohdkj djuk (HksaV] vkfn)% She did
notclosewithhisofferofmarryinghim.
Cloud over (vLi"V djuk)% His eyes were
clouded over with tears.
Cloudover(vLi"V gksuk)% Theskycloudedover.
Come about (gks uk)% How did all this come
about?
Comeabout(?kfVr gksuk)% Itcameaboutinthis
way.
Comeacross (vpkud feyuk ;k eqykdkr gksuk)%
While I was going to market. I came across a
saint.
Come after (ihNk djuk)% The villagers came
afterthethieves,withsticksandspears.
Comealong (tYnh djuk)% Comealongifyou
wanttoseeyourwould-behusband.
Comeat(igqapuk_ izkIr djuk)% Youcan'tcomeat
thetruth.
Come at (geyk djuk)% The robbers came at
himwithdaggers.
Comeawayfrom(ls vyx gksuk] tqnk gksuk)% The
handlecameawayfromthedoor.
Comeback (ykSVuk] okil] vkuk)% Hewillcome
backfromLondonnextweek.
Come between (lEcU/ esa gLr{ksi djuk)% It is
not advisable to come between a man and his
wife.
Comeby(iz;kl ls izkIr djuk)%
(i) Youcannotcomebyajob.
(ii) Wasthemoneyhonestlycomeby?
Comedown(mrjuk] ?kVuk)%
(i) Temperaturehascomedown.
(ii) Priceswillnotcomedown.
Comeforward(vius&vki dks izLrqr djuk)% No
onehascomeforwardasacandidate.
Comefrom(tUe&LFkku ds :i esa j[kuk)% Icome
fromSultanpurWest.
Comein(vUnj vkuk_ leiZ.k djuk)% Iaskedhim
tocomein.
Comeinfor(gkfly djuk)% Hehascomeinfor
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agoodfortune.
Comeinfor(vkdf"kZr djuk_ dk fo"k; gksuk)% Her
love affair with an old man has come in for a
greatdealofcriticism.
Comeinon (Hkkx ysuk)% Thinkcarefullybefore
youcomeinonthisscheme.
Comeof(larku gksuk] ls vkuk)% Meeracomesof
arichfamily.
Comeoff (gksuk)% Hermarriagecomesoffnext
month.
Comeoff(ls vyx gksuk)% Abuttonhascomeoff
yourshirt.
Comeon(ihNs vkuk)% Yougofirst,Ishallcome
onlater.
Comeout (ckgj fudyuk)% She does not come
outofherroomlateatnight.
comeout(izdkf'kr gksuk)% Whenwillhisnextbook
come out ?
Comeoutwith (dguk)% Theoldwomancome
outwithamostinterestingstory.
Come over (nw j ls vkuk)% They are coming
overtoShimlaforaholiday.
Come round (pDdj dkVdj vkuk)% The road
was blocked so we had to come round by the
fields.
Come through (xaHkhj chekjh] ?kko vkfn ls paxk
gksuk)% Withsuchaweakheart,shewasluckyto
come through.
Cometo(gks'k esa vkuk] gks'k izkIr djuk)% Hecame
toafterthreehoursoftheaccident.
Comeunder (vaxrZu gksuk] ds v/hu gksuk)% Your
pointcannotcomeunderthisheading.
Comeup(izLrqr djuk_ mBuk)% Noquestionhas
comeupyet.
Comeupagainst(lkeuk djuk] ijs'kkuh] vkfn dk)%
Don'tgiveuphopes,comeupagainstdifficul-
ties.
Come up to (igqapuk)% The water came up my
neck.
Comeupto(cjkcj gksuk)% Yourachievementdoes
notcomeuptomyexpectation.
Come upon (vke.k djuk)% Fear should not
come upon us.
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Cooldown ('kkar gksuk)% Ifeelyourpassionfor
herhascooleddown.
Counton/upon(Hkjkslk djuk)% Inevercounton
yourhelp.
Cropwith (cksuk)% Hecroppedtwoacreswith
wheat.
Cropup(vk'kk ds foijhr mBuk ;k fn[kkbZ iM+uk)%
Manyproblemshavecroppedupinthisproject.
Crowd round (xksycan gksuk)% People crowded
roundthespotoftheaccident.
Crydown(fuank djuk)% Manystepsofthepresent
governmenthavebeencrieddown.
Cryoff (le>kSrk rksM+ nsuk] eqdj tkuk)% Shehad
promisedtohelpme,butshecriedoffatlast.
Cry up (iz'kalk djuk] c<+k&p<+kdj dguk)% Her
performancewasnotwellbutShecrieditup.
Cutacroos[T;knk NksVk ekxZ (eSnku] vkfn) ls xqtjuk]:
As the road was bad, we had to cut across a
field.
Cutaway(dkVdj gVk nsuk)% Hecutawayallthe
deadbranchesofthetree.
Cut back (?kVkuk)% The workers did not work
properlyandcutbacktheproductionofthefac-
tory.
Cutdown(dkVdj fxjkuk] NksVk djuk)% Weshould
stopcuttingdowntrees.
Cutdownon ([kir esa deh djuk)% Youshould
cutdownonwine
Cutinto (gLr{ksi djuk)% Hecutintomystory.
Cutinon(gLr{ksi djuk)% Don'ttrytocutinon
theconversation.
Cutoff (dkVdj vyx djuk] foPNsn djuk_ ekj
Mkyuk)% Thebutchercutofftheheadofthecow.
Cutout(dk;Z djuk can dj nsuk)% Theengineof
thecarhascutout.
Cutout(dkVdj gVkuk)% Thisarticleisnotimpor-
tant,soIwanttocutitout.
Cutout (gjkuk)% Wehavetocutoutallourri-
vals.
Cutup(VqdMs&
+ VqdM+s djuk)% Shecutupfish.
Cutup(cckZn dj nsuk)% Ourarmywillcutupthe
armyofPakistan.
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Dealin (dk O;olk; djuk] cspuk)% Mohandeals
indiamond.
Deal with (lEcU/ j[kuk)% I do not deal with a
liar.
Dealwith(ds ckjs esa gksuk)% Thisbookdealswith
theburningproblemsofIndia.
Dealwith[O;olk; djuk (fdlh O;fDr ds lkFk)]%
IdonotdealwithMohan,thegrocer.
Dieaway({kh.k gks tkuk] 'kkar gks tkuk)%
(i) Thecommotiondiedaway.
(ii) Thenoisediedaway.
Die down ({kh.k gksuk] de gksuk (mkstuk] vkfn)%
Hisangerdieddown.
Diefor(xgjh bPNk ;k pkg j[kuk)% Sheisdying
foradrink.
Dieoff (,d&,d dj ejuk)% Theleavesofthis
treearedyingoff.
Die out (foyhu gksuk] foyqIr gksuk)% Many old
customshavediedout.
Digout ([kksn dj fudkyuk)% Theydugoutthe
snakeandkilledit.
Digup(m[kkM+ isQduk)% Wedugthetreesupby
theroots.
Disposeof (csp Mkyuk] fuiVkuk)%
(i) Shehasdisposedofhernecklace.
(ii) Youmustdisposeofallthisworktoday.
Doawaywith(feVk nsuk_ NqVdkjk ikuk)% TheSati
Systemwasdoneawaywith.
Dodown(/ks[kk nsdj) fdlh ls iQk;nk ysuk)% One
shouldnottrytodoone'sfriendsdown.
Dofor(fdlh ds fy, ?kj ds) j[kokyk ds :i esa dke
djuk)% Hisjuniorshavebeendoingforhimsince
hiswifedied.
Doin (ekj nsuk)% Thedogwasdoneinafter it
hadgonemad.
Do over (fiQj ls ltkuk)% The drawing room
needs doing over.
Doup(O;ofLFkr djuk_ ejEer djuk)%
(i) Thismonumentneedsdoingup.
(ii) Yourhouseneedstobedoneup.
Dowith(mi;ksx djuk] dke pykuk)% Induisdo-
ingwiththemoneyyouhavegivenher.
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Dowithout (ds fcuk dke pykuk_ ij vkfJr u
gksuk)%
(i) Howishedoingwithoutmoney?
(ii) Wemusttrytodowithoutothers.
Draginto(tcnZLrh ?klhVuk] 'kkfey djuk)% Sheis
notinterestedinparties,butherhusbanddrags
herintogoing.
Dragon(lqLr <ax ls pyuk)% Alltheworkinthis
officedragson.
Drag on (yEck [khapuk)% He drags out a meet-
ing.
Dragup(cqjs <ax ls ikyu&iks"k.k djuk)% Thecare-
lessparentsdraguptheirchildren.
Drainaway/off(rjy inkFkZ dks) cgkuk] fudkyuk)%
Theydugtrenchestodrainthewateraway/off.
Drainaway/off[(rjy inkFkZ dk) cguk] fudyuk)%
Thedirtywaterwillsoondrainaway/off.
Drawback(vfuPNk tkfgj djuk_ fn[kkuk_ ihNs
gVuk)%Hedrainbackfrommyproposal.
Drawin (T;knk NksVk gksuk)% Thedaysbeginto
drawinaftermidsummer.
Drawon(igqapuk)% Nightisabouttodrawon.
Drawon(vkdf"kZr djuk_ iqQlykuk)% Shedrewa
richmanon.
Drawout (foLrkfjr djuk)% Iwanttodrawout
thesubjectintofivevolumes.
Draw out (yEck djuk)% The goldsmith heated
thegoldbiscuitanddrewitoutintoalongwire.
Drawup[ fdlh (Vehicle dk) #duk]% Allthe
taxisdrewupinfrontthestation.
Dreamaway (lqLrh ls xqtjuk)% Whydoesshe
dreamawayhertime?
Dress down (dBksjrk ls crkZo djuk_ cqjh rjg
ekjuk)% Heisimpudent,soIdresshimdown.
Drinkin(lks[kuk_ pwluk)% Blottingpaperdrinks
inink.
Drinkdown/off/up(,d ckj esa xVxV dj ih tkuk)%
Hewasverythirsty,sohedrankabottleofwater
down/off/up.
Drink to [ (LokLF; dh 'kqHkdkeuk ds fy,)efnjk
ihuk] (fdlh ds uke dk I;kyk ihuk]% Hedrinksto
yourhealth.
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Drive out (Hkxk nsuk)% He drove out the cows
fromthefield.
Dropaway[(la[;k@ek=kk esa) de gks tkuk)]% The
membersofthispartyaredroppingawayoneby
one.
Dropacross[(vpkud feyuk])% WhileIwasgo-
ingtomarket.IdroppedacrossManoj.
Dropback[vyx gks tkuk]% Aminorriftmadethe
twoloversdropback.
Dropin[fdlh ds ;gka vdLekr tkuk ;k dHkh&dHkh
tkuk)% I dropped in for a few minutes to ask
abouthishealth.
Dropoff (la[;k ;k ek=kk esa de gks tkuk)% Her
friendsdroppedoffonebyone.
Drop out (vyx gks tkuk] gVkuk)% Five of the
runnersdroppedout.
Dryup(iwjh rjg lw[kkuk ;k lw[kuk)%
(i) Shedriedupherhair.
(ii) Thisriverhasdriedup.
Dwell on/upon (fdlh pht ds ckjs esa foLrkj ls
lkspuk] cksyuk ;k fy[kuk)% Hedwellsontoomuch
abouthispast.
Eatinto ([kk tkuk] u"V djuk)% Rust eats into
iron.
Eatup ([kk tkuk)% Hehaseatenupallthebis-
cuits.
End off (lekIr djuk)% As him to end off his
speech.
Enterinto (izkjaHk djuk_ [kksyuk)% Sheentered
intoaconversationwithherfriends.
Enterinto (ds lkFk lgkuqHkwfr fn[kkuk)% Sheen-
teredintoherfriend'sfeelings.
Enter on/upon (vkjaHk djuk)% He entered on/
upon a career.
Explainaway(O;k[;k }kjk le>kuk fd dksbZ O;fDr
nks"kh D;ksa ugha gS)% Itisdifficultforyoutoexplain
awayyourmisconductwithher.
Fadeaway(eqj>k tkuk)% Theflowersinmygar-
denhavefadedaway.
Fadeaway(/hjs&/hjs utjksa ls ;k ;knnk'r ls xk;c
gksuk)% Daylightfadedaway.
Fallaway(f[klduk] NksM+uk)% Hisfollowershave
beguntofallaway.
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Fall back (gkj ekuuk] ihB fn[kkuk)% When we
advanced,ourenemiesfellback.
Fallbackon (fdlh vPNh pht ds vHkko esa fdlh
lkekU; pht dk iz;ksx djuk)% Wewillhavetofall
backonthesebrokenchairsasgoodchairsare
notavailablehere.
Fallbehind (fIkNM+ tkuk] ihNs NwV tkuk)% Inthe
racehestartedtorunfastbutlateronhefellbe- Getahead(c<+uk] izxfr djuk] vxzlj gksuk)% My
hind.
Falldownon(vliQy gksuk)% Shefelldownon
herpromises.
Fallflat(fu"izHkko gksuk)% Allhisplanshavefallen
flat.
Fallfor(eqX/ gks tkuk] izHkkfor gksuk)% Hefallsfor
everybeautifulgirlhesees.
Fallin[(Hkou vkfn dk) /al tkuk] njkj iM+ tkuk]%
Theroofofmyclassroomfellin.
Falloff(la[;k ;k ek=kk es)
a de gksuk)% Thenumber
ofstudentsinyourinstituteisfallingoff.
Fallon/upon(VwV iM+uk] vke.k djuk)%
(i) Someterroristsfellon/uponthepolice.
(ii) Themobfellonthedacoitsandbeatthemto
death.
Falloutwith(>xM+k djuk] erHksn gks tkuk] ?kfVr
gksuk)% Hefelloutwiththegirlhehadwantedto
marry.
Fallthrough (vliQy gksuk] O;FkZ gksuk)% Allhis
schemesfellthrough.
Fellfor(VVksyuk] [kkstuk)% Shewasfeelinginhis
pocketforacoin.
Feel out (nwljs dk fopkj tkuus dh lok/kuhiwoZdZ
dksf'k'k djuk)% Iwillfeeloutthestudentsofthe
class.
Fellupto(;ksX; gksuk)% Mygrandfatherdoesnot
feeluptoalongwalk.
Fightdown (nck nsuk] dqpu nsuk)% Iwill fight
downthemutinyintheparty.
Fightoff(Hkxk nsuk_ ds fo# la?k"kZ djuk)% Hewas
redadytofightoffacold.
Fillout(iwQy tkuk)% Hischeekshavefilledout.
Fill up (iwjk Hkjuk)% He asked the petrol pump
operatortofillupthetankofthecar.
Findout(irk yxkuk] [kkst fudkyuk)% Thepolice
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havefailedtofindoutthekidnappers.
Finishoff/up(iwjh rjg [kk tkuk)% Theyfinished
off/upeverythinggiventothem.
Followout(var rd vuqlj.k djuk_ tkjh j[kuk)%
Hewillfollowoutthisplan.
Getabout(/hjs&/hjs iSQy tkuk)% Thenewsofhis
deathwascensored,butitsoongotout.
brotherhasgotaheadofalltheboysintheclass.
Get along (izca/ djuk)% We cannot get along
withoutbooks.
Getalongwith(lger gksuk)% Ifhewantstocon-
tinuehere,heshouldlearntogetalongwithhis
boss.
Getat(igqapuk)% Wecannotgetatthekidnapped
girl.
Getaway(cpdj fudy tkuk] Hkkx tkuk)% Allthe
dacoitsgotaway.
Getback (lkk esa ykSVuk)% TheCongresshopes
togetbackatthenextelection.
Getby(ftUnk jguk)% Itisdifficultforyoutoget
bysuchlowwages.
Get down (fuxy tkuk)% He got the big tablet
down.
Getin (igqapuk)% Shegotinfiveminuteslate.
Getinto(iguuk)% Thisshirtistoosmallforher
tobegotinto.
Getoff(izLFkku djuk)% Weshouldgetoffimme-
diatelyafterthecararrives.
Geton(vkxs c<+uk] le` gksuk)% Ifyouarelabori-
ous,youaresuretogetoninlife.
Getonwith(somebody):(nksLrkuk :i ls jguk ;k
dke djuk)% Shedoesnotgetonwithanybody.
Get on with(something) (tkjh j[kuk)% Please
askhertogetonwithherwork.
Get out (izdV gksuk] [kqy tkuk)% After all, the
secret got out.
Get over (Hkwyuk)% He cannot get over his be-
loved.
Getround (iqlyk ysuk] iQalk ysuk)% Heknows
howtogetroundhisparents.
Getthrough (igqapuk)% Heshouldstartassoon
asthelettergets through.
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Getthrough(ijh{kk] vkfn es)
a liQy gksuk)% Mohan
failedtwicebutthistimehewillgetthroughas
heworksveryhard.
Getup(mBuk_ p<+uk)% Weshouldgetupbefore
sunrise.
Give away (forj.k djuk)% The Principal gave
awaytheprizes.
Giveinto(eku tkuk] >qd tkuk)% Hewillnotgive
intoyourarguments.
Giveout (lekIr gksuk)% Mypatiencehasgiven
out.
Giveup (R;kx nsuk)%
(i) Hehasgivenupsmoking.
(ii) Shesaysthatshecannotgiveupgambling.
Go about (Hkze.k djuk)% He has stopped going
about.
Goahead(mUufr djuk] fodkl djuk)% Theyare
going ahead fast.
Goalongwith (lkFk nsuk)% Icangoalongwith
youthere.
Go at (vke.k djuk)% He went at his enemy
andkilledhimbycuttingoffhisthroat.
Goaway(pyk tkuk)% Heaskedhismaidservant
togoaway.
Goawaywith(ds lkFk iQjkj gksuk)% Hisservant
wentawaywithhiscar.
Gobackon(fdlh oknk] vkfn ls) eqdj tkuk% He
cannotgobackonhisword.
Goby(xqtjuk)% Timegoesbyslowly.
Godown (Mwcuk)% Isawashipgoingdown.
Godown(deuk] ?kVuk)% Itseemsthatthecostof
livingwillnevergodown.
Gofor (vke.k djuk)% Ifyouarenotcautious,
thedogmaygoforyou.
Goforward(vkxs c<+uk)% Doestheinspectiongo
forwardwell?
Goin (izos'k djuk)% Thekeydoesnotgoin.
Gooff(foLiQksV gksuk) (cUnwd] vkfn) dk NwVuk)%
Thepistolwentoffbychance.
Goon (tkjh j[ku] vkxs c<+uk)% Heisgoingon
withhisnewproject.
Goout (cq> tkuk)% Thecandlehasgoneout.
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Goover(tkap&iM+rky djuk] Nkuchu djuk)% We
mustgooverthecarbeforewebuyit.
Gothrough(ikj djuk] ls gksdj xqtjuk] lguk)% He
hastogothroughhardship.
Gothrough(vuqeksfnr gksuk] ikl gksuk)% ThisBill
willnotgothrough.
Gounder (vliQy gksuk] fnokfy;k gksuk)% This
companywillsurelygounderunlessitimproves
itscondition.
Goup(mBuk)% Thetemperatureisgoingupev-
eryday.
Growon/upon (vf/d fu;a=k.k izkIr djuk] T;knk
tM+ tek ysuk)% Somebadhabitshavegrownon/
uponyou.
Grow up (ifjiDo gksuk] cM+k gksuk)% His eldest
daugterhasgrownup.
Handdown(ijaijkxr :i ls nsuk ;k lkSaiuk)% The
kinghandeddownthethronetohiseldestson.
Handover (nwljs dks nsuk] Hkstuk)%
(i) Don'tkeepmybooksthere-handthemover
atonce.
(ii) I want to hand over my place on the
committe.
Handover(lkSai nsuk)% Themurderwashanded
overtothepolice.
Handabout(fcuk fdlh ms'; ds [kM+k jguk_ HkVduk)%
Theyarehaningaboutatthestreet.
Hang back (fgpfdpkuk] vfuPNk tkfgj djuk)%
When volunteers were asked for, not one man
hung back.
Hangon(tdM+dj idM+uk)% Theyhungonuntil
theropebroke.
Hangout(fn[kkuk] iznf'kZr djuk)% WhentheChief
Ministerarrived,someofthevillagershungout
blackflags.
Have (sth) back (okil ikuk)% You will have
yourbooksbacknextweek.
Hearout(vUr rd lquuk)% Icannotdeclarehim
guiltyunitlIhearhimout.
Helpout[fdlh ijs'kkuh esa] fdlh dh) enn djuk]%
Whenhewasincrisis,shehelpedouthim.
Help out (iwjd cuuk)% Her beauty helps out
hershortheight.
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Hitout(tcnZLr izgkj djuk] tcnZLr geyk djuk)%
Theleaderoftheoppositioinhitoutagainstthe
stategovernment.
Hiton/upon(gkFk vkuk] lw> iM+uk)% Hehitupon
aplanformakingmoney.
Holdback(fgpfdpkuk] vfuPNk tkfgj djuk)% Why
areyourcustomersholdingback?
Hold back (izxfr esa ck/d gksuk)% His financial
crisisisholdinghimback.
Holdin(fu;a=k.k esa j[kuk] jksduk)% Sherequested
himtoholdinhistemper.
Holdoff(nwj jguk)% Whenthecriminalssawthe
police,theyheldoff.
Holdoff(ijs j[kuk] nwj j[kuk)% Holdyourdogoff.
Holdon[(ijs'kkuh] vkfn esa) MVs jguk)]: Hehas
learnttoholdouttheseattacks.
Holdover(LFkfxr djuk)% Themeetingwasheld
over for a week.
Holoup(jksddj j[kuk_ ywVus ds fy, jksdu)%
(i) Hewasheldupbythepolice.
(ii) Some travellers were held up by some
dacoits.
Hold with (dk i{k ysuk] leFkZu djuk] vuqeksnu
djuk)% Idonotholdwithdrinkinginpresenceof
children.
Huntdown([kkst Mkyuk] Nku ekjuk_ gLrh feVkuk)%
Thepolicewillhuntdownthecriminal.
Huntfor ([kkstuk] <wa<+us dk iz;kl djuk)% I am
huntingformylostbooks.
Huntout([kkstrs gq, ikus dk iz;kl djuk ([kkldj
og pht tks dgha j[k nh xbZ gS vkSj ;kn ls ijs gS)% His
fatherishuntingoutthediaryof1958.
Hushup(fNikuk_ nck ysuk_ 'kkar gksuk)% Hetried
unsuccessfullytohushupthefactthatthewoman
wholivedwithhimwashiskept.
Jumpat(mRlqdrk ls Lohdkj djuk)% Shejumped
athisproposalofmarriage.
Jumpon/upon (geyk djuk_ fuank djuk)% He
jumpedonhisrival.
Keepaway(fromsomething)(nwj jguk)% Keep
awayfromtheelephant.
Keepback(jksd ysuk] nck ysuk)% Shewasdoing
wellindance,butherhusbandkeptherback.
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Keepdown (nck snuk] neu djuk)% Hefails to
keepdownhisanger.
Keep in with (ds lkFk nksLrkuk ;k vPNk lEcU/
cuk;s j[kuk)% Youmustkeepinwithyourfollow-
ers.
Keepoff (nwj jguk] ugha vkuk)% Itseemsthatthe
rainswillkeepoffforalongtime.
Keepon (tkjh j[kuk)% Shekeptondancingal-
thoughshewastired.
Keep out (ckgj jguk)% We must keep out of
theirquarrels.
Keep to (rd Lo;a dks lhfer j[kuk)% Without
tryingtobefoolus,keeptothesubject.
Keepunder (v/hu djuk] nck nsuk)% Thepolice
mangedtokeeptherebelsunder.
Keepup(tkjh j[kuk_ vPNh voLFKk esa cuk, j[kuk)%
Keepupgoodwork.
Keepupwith(leku nwjh ;k LFkku ;kpky esa vkuk)%
Icannotkeepupwithyoubecauseyouarevery
rich.
Kickout(fu"dkflr djuk)% Whywashekicked
outofthebar?
Knockabout (ckj&ckj pksV ;k ;k Bksdj ekjuk)%
Theshipwasknockedaboutbystorms.
Knockabout (b/j&m/j ?kweuk_ ;k=kk djuk vkSj
vuqHko izkIr djuk)% Manyofhisfriendsknock
aboutalloverIndia.
Knockdown(ekjdj fxjk nsuk)%
(i) Sheknockedtheurffiansdown.
(ii) Aboywasknockeddownbyajeep.
Knockoff (can dj nsuk] (dke) NksM+ nsuk)% Itis
timetoknockoffforlunch.
Knockout(/Ddk nsdj ;k vk?kkr ls) fudky nsuk]
ekjdj vpsr dj nsuk)% Heknockedhisopponent
out.
Knockup(txkuk)% Pleaseknockherupatfive
o'clock.
Lashout (rhoz izgkj djuk)%
(i) Thehorselashedoutathim.
(ii) The leader of the opposition lashed out
againstthegovernment.
Laughat(dk migkl mM+kuk)% Weshouldnotlaugh
atamanwhoisinttrouble.
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Laughdown (galrs gq, vLohr dj nsuk)% She
laughedtheproposaldown.
Laughoff(galdj cpuk_ NqVdkjk ikuk)% Helaughs
offanembarassingsituation.
Launchout/Launchoutinto (izkjaHk djuk)% He
triedtolaunchoutintoanewdebate.
Layabout(pkjksa vksj izgkj djuk)% Helaidabout
hisenemieswithasword.
Lay aside (cpr djuk)% One should lay aside
somemoneyforbaddays.
Laybefore(mifLFkr djuk)% Thepolicelaidthe
culpritbeforetheJudge.
Laydown(j[kuk)% TheChiefMinisterlaiddown
thefoundationofabridge.
Layoff(ys j[kuk] tek djuk)% Wheatwaslaidin
stores.
Layoff(vLFkk;h rkSj ij fudky nsuk)% TheMan-
agerlaidoffsomeoftheworkers.
Layoff (vkjke djuk_ dke cUn dj nsuk)% The
doctortoldhimtolayoffforamonth.
Layon(yxkuk)% Itisdifficultforustoliveinthis
flatuntildoorsandwindowsarelaidon.
Layout(O;; djuk)% Don'tlayoutmoneycare-
lessly.
Lay under (vf/dkj esa djuk)% You cannot lay
underacriminallikehim.
Layup(fcLrjs ij iM+s jgus ds fy, ck; gksuk)% He
islaidupwithfever.
Leaveoff (#d tkuk_ can dj nsuk)%
(i) Therainhasnotleftoffyet.
(ii) Itistimetoleaveoffwork.
Leaveout[(gVk nsuk (chp&chp esa ls)]% Hehas
leftoutmanywordsfromthispassage.
Leaveover (LFkfxr djuk)% Thatmatter canbe
leftoveruntilwemeetagain.
Letin(izos'k djus nsuk)% Thathighwalldoesnot
letinlightinmyroom.
Letoff({kek djuk_ ck; u djuk_ ltk u nsuk)% A
guiltymanshouldnotbeletoff.
Letout(fudkyuk] cgkuk)% Heletthedirtywater
outofthecooler.
Letthrough(ijh{kk] vkfn esa) liQy gksus nsuk)% He
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gotonlyfifteenmarksinthispaper,sohewasnot
let through.
Letup (de gksuk)% Theraindidnotletup.
Lieback(vkjke dh eqnzk esa iM+s jguk)% Heislying
backinanarmchair.
Lieon/upon(vkfJr gksuk)% Asheisunemployed,
hestilllieson/uponhisoldfatherforhispocket
money.
Lie over (Hkfo"; ds fy, NksM+ fn;k tkuk)% The
mattershouldlieoverforthenextmeeting.
Livedown (dyad nwj djuk)% Shehopestolive
downthesexualscandal.
Liveon(thuk tkjh j[kuk)% Itisnowdifficultto
liveoninavillage.
Liveon(something)(Hkkstu ds :i esa ysuk)% The
cow lives on grass.
Liveto (yEch vk;q rd thuk)% Amanofdisci-
plinedlifelivestoagreatage.
Live upto (viuk fo'okl ;k flkarksa dks vey esa
ykuk@tks mEehn fd;k tk ldrk gS ml ekin.M rd
igqapuk% Youdonotliveuptoyourreputation.
Lookaboutfor(ds fy, [kkst esa jguk)% Heisstill
lookingaboutforajob.
Lookafterns[kHkky djuk% Oneshouldlookafter
one'soldparents.
Lookdownon(frjLdkj dh n`f"V ls ns[kuk)% She
looksdownonthefemalereceptionists.
Lookfor (<wa<-uk] [kkstuk)% Sheislookingfora
job.
Look forward to (vk'kk djuk)% I am looking
forwardtoseeingyousoon.
Look in (on somebody) (FkksM+h nsj ds fy, HksaV
djuk)% Please,tellhimtolookin(onme)next
week.
Look into (fujh{k.k djuk] vuqla/ku djuk)% The
Minister assured us that the matter would be
looked into soon.
Lookon(n'kZd gksuk_ ns[kuk)% Heisnotacricket
playerbuthelooksoncricketmatches.
Lookout(rS;kj jguk_ rkd esa jguk)% Sheislook-
ingoutforherlover.
Look over (Nkuchu djuk] ijh{k.k djuk)% We
mustlookovertheflatbeforewebuyit.
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Lookround(dksbZ fu.kZ; djus ls igys laHkkoukvksa ij
fopkj djuk)% Don'tmakehasteintakinganydeci-
sion,lookroundwellfirst.
Lookthrough(nqgjkuk] v;;u djuk)% Youmust
lookthroughyournotesbeforetheexamination.
Look to (fuHkZj djuk)% We are looking to our
leaderforhelp.
Look up (<wa< fudkyuk)% Can he look up this
wordinadictionary?
Lookupto (bTtr djuk)% WelookuptoMr.
Sinhaasourguide.
Makeafter (ihNk djuk)% Thedogmadeafter
thethief.
Make at (vkked gksrs gq, c<+uk)% The angry
youngmanmadeattherickshawpuller.
Makeawaywith(vkRegR;k djuk)% Whydidshe
makeawaywithherself?
Makefor(ij vke.k djuk)% Themaddogmade
formeandIhadtorun.
Makeof(le>uk_ O;k[;k djuk)% Sheisunableto
makeofherfriend'sbehaviour.
Makeoff[(cpus ds [;ky ls) tYnh djuk]% The
carknockedhimdownandmadeoff.
Makeoff(something) (pqjkdj Hkkx tkuk)% His
servantmadeoffwithhisT.V.andtaperecorder.
Makeout(fudkyuk] irk yxkuk)% Heisunableto
makeoutthemeaningofthispassage.
Makeover (ifjofrZr djuk)% Nobodycanmake
overhispersonalityinaday.
Makeup(iwjk djuk)% Youhavetomakeupthe
coursewithintwomonths.
Makeupfor({kfriwfrZ djuk)% Herbeautycannot
makeupforherimpudence.
Meetwith (vuqHko djuk)% Hemetwithaseri-
ousaccidentlastweek.
Messabout[ew[kZrkiw.kZ O;ogkj djuk] (dksbZ dke)
fcuk fdlh fuf'pr ;kstuk ds djuk]% Wedonotlike
him,heoftenmessesabout.
Mess up (xM+cM+ djuk] ?kiyk djuk)% The late
arrivaloftheplanemessedupallourplans.
Movein (u;s ?kj esa izo's k djuk)% Iboughtaflat
andmovedin.
Movvin (u;s ?kj esa izo's k djuk)% Iboughtaflat
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andmovedin.
Moveon[pyuk] c<+uk] (flikgh ds pyus dk ladrs
djuk)]% TheS.P.orderedthepolicementomove
on.
Partwith(R;kx nsuk] NksM+ nsuk)% Amisercannot
partwithhismoney.
Passaway(ej] tkuk] xqtj tkuk)% Thesickman
passedawaylastnight.
Passfor(Lohr gksuk)% HeissimplyaB.A.but
hepassesforalearnedmaninthissmallvillage.
Passoff[?kVuk vkfn) gksuk] lEiUu gksuk]:Ourmeet-
ingpassedoffpeacefully.
Pass off [(nnZ] ladV] vkfn) lekIr gksuk)% My
headachehasnotpassedoff.
Pass on (ej tkuk)% I am grieved to learn that
yourbelovedwifehaspassedon.
Passout[(Ldwy] dkWyst] vkfn dksbZ ijh{kk ikl djus
ij) NksM+uk]:ShedoesnotgotoschoolnowasShe
has passed out.
Passover(vuns[kh djuk] ;ku u nsuk)% Hepassed
meoverandsupportedmyrival.
Passthrough (ls xqtjuk] >syuk)% You have to
pass through a lot of problems if you want to
marryagirlofyourchoice.
Payback[(.k ykSVkuk] pqdkuk)% Themoneythat
Iborrowedfromhimhasbeenpaidback.
Payfor[(nnZ ;k ltk ds :i esa) dher vnk djuk]:
Youwillhavetopayforyourdishonesty.
Payoff(pqdrk djuk] csckd djuk rFkk eqDr djuk ;k
gksuk)% Ihavepaidoffmycreditors.
Payup(iwjk pqdrk djuk] csckd djuk)% Hedidnot
payup,sohewastakentocourt.
Pickoff (ukspuk] rksM+uk vyx djuk)% Don'tpick
offflowersinmygarden.
Pickout(NkaV ysuk] pqdj vyx djuk)% Hepicks
outhisfriendsinacrowd.
Pickup(idM+dj mBk ysuk)% Theboypickedup
thepencilandwentaway.
Playat[(fliQZ vkUkUn ds fy,) [ksyuk] Hkkx ysuk)%
Gohimproperly,youareonlyplayingatboxing.
Playon/upon(ls ykHk mBkuk)% Don'ttrytoplay
onourhelplessness.
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Playwith (ds lkFk f[kyokM+ djuk)% Itiswrong
foramantoplaywithawoman'saffection.
Pullabout (cqjs <ax ls O;ogkj djuk)% Therude
letterwaspulledapart.
Pulldown (/oLr djuk)% Thecontractorpulled
downtheoldbuildingtoconstructanewone.
Pulloff [(izfr;ksfxrk es)
a thruk] liQy gksuk_)% She
pulledoffsomegoodwinsattherace.
Pullout (vyx dj nsuk)% Thepublisherpulled
outthesupplementofthemagazineandproduced
itintheformofabook.
Pullin(vkdf"kZr djuk)% Thisfilmwillsurelypull
inlargeaudience.
Pullround[(chekjh] detksjh] vkfn) ls paxk gksuk)%
Thesickwomanhaspulledround.
Pullthrough(ijs'kkfu;ksa] [krjksa dks Vkyus esa liQy
gksuk)% Beingintelligentandcourageous,heoften
pulls through.
Pullup(MkaVuk] iQVdkjuk)% Childrenshouldnot
alwaysbepulledup.
Pullup(jksduk)% Hepulledupyourbusinessby
disturbingyourcustomers.
Pushalong (fdlh O;fDr dks NksM+uk_ dksbZ LFkku
NksM+uk)% ImustpushalongasIfeelsomediffi-
cultyhere
Pushoff(tkuk] izLFkku djuk)% Askthewickedgirl
topushoff.
Pushover(fxjk nsuk] myV nsuk)% Manyoldmen
andwomenwerepushedoverinthestampede.
Pushthrough(fo'ks"k iz;kl ds }kjk fdlh pht dks
fu"d"kZ dh fLFkfr esa ykuk ;k igqapkuk)% Thislegisla-
tionshouldbepushedthrough.
Push up (ew Y;] vkfn dks) c<+ us ds fy, ck;
djuk)% Theblackmarketeerspushuptheprices
ofcommodities.
Putabout[(viQokg vkfn) iQSykuk)% Arumour
wasputabouttotheeffectthatshehadeloped Ruboff(jxM+dj lkiQ djuk)% Sherubbedoffthe
withherlover.
Putacross[(fdlh pht dks) liQykriwoZd izLrqr
dj nsuk] crk nsuk]:Itisdifficultforhimtoput
acrosshisideas.
Putaside[(cpkuk] cpr djuk)]:Putasidesome
moneyforfuture.
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Putaway[(njkt] vkyehjk] ikWdsV vkfn esa) ;Fkk
LFkku j[kuk]:Putyourtoysaway.
Putback(ihNs gVkuk] xfrjks/ djuk] LFkfxr djuk]:
Itseemsthatthemeetingwillbeputbackagain.
Putby(cpkdj j[kuk)% Itisalwaysagoodideato
havesomethingputby.
Putdown(neu djuk] nck nsuk)% Thegovernment
shouldputdowngamblingandprostitution.
Putdownto(Js; nsuk)% Hisfailurewasputdown
tohiscarelessness.
Putdownfor[(fdlh lwph esa) uke ntZ djuk]:He
willputyoudownforacontributionoftwenty
fivethousandrupees.
Putin(nsuk] lefiZr djuk)% Heputintwohours
orsocampaigning.
Putinfor(ds fy, vkosnu djuk)% Heputinfor
thepostofaccountant.
Putoff(LFkfxr djuk)% Weshouldnotputoffthe
meeting.
Puton (igy ysuk] /kj.k djuk)% Sheputonher
glassesandwentout.
Putout(cq>kk nsuk)% Radhaputoutthelampand
wenttosleep.
Putthrough (tkjh j[kuk)% Heaskedhissonto
putthroughhisbusinessdeal.
Putup (mBkuk] [kM+k djuk)% Theyputuptheir
handsinfavourofmyproposal.
Putupon(vuqfpr ykHk mBkuk)% Wedonotliketo
beputupon.
Putupwith(cnf'kr djuk)% Icannotputupwith
suchaninsult.
Readout(cksydj i<+uk)% Shewasforcedtoread
outtheletter.
Rubin(fdlh ckr ij iwjh rjg tksj nsrs tkuk ftls dksbZ
O;fDr ;kn ugha djuk pkgrk gS)% Allright,thereisno
needtorubitin.
dirtwithherhand.
Rubout(fy[kh gqbZ pht dks diM+k ;k jcj ls jxM+dj
feVk nsuk)% Hewroteafewlinesinhiscopyand
rubbedthemout.
Ruleout(;ksX; ugha ekuuk] ds iz'u ls ckgj ekuuk)%
TheB.J.P.ruledoutthepossiblityofanyalliance
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withtheR.J.D.
Runacross (vukSipkfjd :i ls FkksM+h nsj ds fy,
tkuk)% IranacrossMohantoborrowsomebooks.
Runafter(idM+us dh dksf'kdk djuk)% Don'trun
afterwealth.
Runaway(Hkkx tkuk)% Seeingthepolice,thethief
ranaway.
Rundown(dqpy nsuk)% Aboywasrundownby
aspeedybus.
Runin (fgjklr esa ysuk)% Thedrunkenoldman
wasruninforteasingayounglady.
Runinto(ds lkFk Vdjk tkuk)% Thecargotoutof
controlandranintoatree.
Runoff(pqjkuk vkSj ysdj Hkkx tkuk)% Theaccoun-
tantranoffwithallthemoney.
Runoff(pqjkuk vkSj ysdj Hkkx tkuk)% Mypatience
hasrunout.
Run over (dqpy nsuk] jkSan Mkyuk)% A bus ran
overalittleboy.
Runthrough (mM+k nsuk] [kpZ dj nsuk)% Sheran
throughthemoneyshehadborrowedfromher
friend.
See about (izca/ djuk] bartke djuk)% She has
decidedtoseeaboutthefeast.
Seeoff(fonk djuk)% Heisgoingtothestationto
seeoffhisparents.
See out (}kj ls ckgj rd igqapk nsuk_ var rd
ns[kuk)% Hissevantwillseeyouout.
See over (i;Zos{ k.k djuk)% We must see over
thehousewewanttobuy.
Seethrough(le>uk] Hkkiuk] ls /ks[kk ugha [kkuk)%
ThepoliceInspectorsawthroghtheevildesign
oftheculprit.
Seeto(ns[k&js[k djuk)% Ihaveappointedapeon
toseetotheinstitute.
Sellout (lkjk csp nsuk)% Therearenocopiesof
thatbooklelt.Ihavesoldthemout.
Sell out[(fdlh O;fDr ds }kjk fdlh O;olk; dk
viuk FkksM+k fgLlk ;k lkjk fgLlk) csp ysuk]% My
friendsoldouttheshareofhisbusinessandwent
intoretirement.
Selloff[(iSls ds vHkko esa) lLrs esa csp nsuk])% He
soldoffhiscarforthetreatmentofhisson.
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Senddown[(fu"dkflr dj nsuk] uke dkV nsuk)]%
Hewassentdown for misbehaving witha girl
student.
Send down (fxjkuk)% The heavy rain sent the
temperaturedown.
Sendfor (cqyk Hkstuk)% Theconditionofthepa-
tientisserious,sendforadoctor.
Sendout(iSQykuk] cakVuk)% Firesendsoutheat.
Sentout (iSnk djuk] mRiUu djuk)% Trees send
outnewleavesinspring.
Setabout('kq: djuk] gkFk esa ysuk)% Heisgoingto
setaboutabusiness.
Setagainst (fHkM+k nsuk)% Thenaughtyboyseta
dogagainstthebeggar.
Setapart (fdlh [kkl ms'; ds fy, vyx djuk rFkk
mlh ms'; ds fy, mi;ksx esa ykuk)% Weshouldset
apartsometimedoingthewelfarework.
Setaside[(Hkfo"; esa mi;ksx ds fy,) vyx j[kuk
;k djuk]% Ihavesetasidesomefortuneforfu-
ture.
Setaside[(legal) vLohr dj nsuk]%
(i) herclaiminthepropertyofherfatherwas
set aside.
(ii) TheHighCourtsetasidetheverdictofthe
lowercourt.
Setback(mUufr esa #dkoV Mkyuk)% Thecultural
revolutionsetbackthemodernizationofChina
formanyyears.
Setdown[(cl vkfn) jksddj mrkj nsuk]:
(i) Wouldyousetmedownhere?
(ii) Thebussetusdownoutsidethestation.
Setfour[ ?kksf"kr djuk] (fdlh fopkj] cgl ds ckjs
esa) ckr djuk]% Hesetforthistheoriesonchild
educationinthisbook.
Setin (izkjaHk gksuk)% Therainyseasonhassetin.
Setoff[izLFkku djuk] (;k=kk) 'kq: djuk]:Theyhave
setoffonajourneyroundIndia.
Seton(vke.k djus ds fy, izkRs lkfgr djuk)% He
setadogonher.
Set out (dksf'k'k djuk)% He set out to find out
thesoultiontothisproblem.
Setout (izLFkku djuk] jokuk gksuk)% Theysetout
alongthebeach.
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Setto[(yxuk] tks'k ls 'kq: djuk] (dke esa) tqV
tkuk]: Wesettoandmadethevoterscastetheir
votesinfavorofourcandidate.
Setup ([kM+k djuk] izkjaHk djuk)% Heisgoingto
setupanindustry.
Setupon(geyk djuk)% Weweresetuponbya
swarmofbees.
Settledown(vkjke ls CkSBuk ;k ysVuk)% Hesettled
downinhisarmchairtowatch.T.V.
Settle down (lqO;ofLFkr gksuk)% He has settled
downwellinthisjob
Settlein(u;s ?kj esa jgus ds fy, pyk tkuk)% They
haveboughtaflatandhavesettledin.
Settle on [(fdlh O;fDr dks (lEifk vkfn) vius
thou dky rd mi;ksx esa ykus ds fy, nsuk]:He
seettledpartofhisstateonhiseldestson.
Settleon(pquuk] ysus ds fy, fu.kZ; djuk)% They
havesettledonaplacetomeet.
Settleupwith(pqdrk dj nsuk] vnk dj nsuk)% As
soonasmoneyarrives.Iwillsettleupwiththe
grocer.
Shakeoff(ls vius vki dks vktkn] eqDr dj ysuk)%
Thethiefranfastandsoonshookoffthepolice
whowerechasinghim.
Shakeoff(NqVdkjk ikuk)% Trytoshakeyourself
offthefitofdepression.
Shakeout(iSQy tkuk] fNrjk tkuk_ iSQy nsuk] fNrjk
nsuk)% Thetroopswereorderedtoshakeout.
Shakeup (feykuk)% Shakeupthebottlebefore
takingmedicine.
Showin/into(vUnj ys tkuk)% Theguideshowed
usintothecave.
Showoff(izn'kZu djuk] fn[kkok djuk] bBykuk)% I
donotlikeamanwhoisalwaysshowingoff.
Showout(ckgj ys tkuk)% Pleaseshowthislittle
girlout.
Standoff (vyx jguk] vyx gV tkuk)% Allthe
membersareonthecommitteebuttheChairman
isstandingoff.
Standout(izeq[k gksuk] Li"V fn[kkbZ nsuk] Js"B gksuk)%
Doesherperformancestandoutfromthatofoth-
ers.?
Standwith(ds vuqdqy gksuk] ls laxr gksuk)% How
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doesshestandwithhermaster?
Stayout(?kj ls ckgj Bgjuk)% Thechidrenshould
notstayoutatnight.
Stayout(gM+rky ij jguk)% Theworkersstayed
outforaweek.
Stayup(fcNkou ij ugha tkuk)% Heoftenstaysup
readinguntilmidnight.
Stepout (ckgj fudyuk] ckgj dne c<+kuk)% You
shallnotstepoutwithoutmypermission.
Stepdown(bfLriQk nsuk] R;kx i=k nsuk)% Thelead-
ers of top position always pressure the P.M. to
step down.
Stepin (gLr{ksi djuk)% IftheChairmanhadnot
steppedin,thesceneintheassembywouldhave
becomeugly.
Step up (c<+kuk)% The workers worked hard to
stepuptheproduction.
Stickup(ckgj dh rjiQ fudyuk)% Thetwigwas
stickingupoutofwater.
Stickon (mQij jguk)% Itisdifficultforherto
stickonahorseforfivehours.
Showover/round/around(fn[kkus ds fy, tkuk)%
.Theguideshowedusovertheoldfort.
Showup(vklkuh ls fn[kkbZ iM+us yxuk)% Hersin
showed up.
Show (somebody/something) up (iksy [kksyuk]
dybZ [kksyuk)% Wemustshowupafraud.
Smileupon(i{k ysuk] enn djuk)% Fortunedoes
notsmileuponeverybody.
Shutdown[fdlh iSQDVh] nqdku] O;kolkf;d laLFkku
dk) can gksuk]:Thefactoryhasshutdown,sothe
workersareunemployed.
Shutoff[(e'khu] vkfn dk) can gksuk] djuk]%
(i) Theengineofthecarshutoffautomatically.
(ii) Ishutofftheenginebecauseithadbecome
veryhot.
Sleepon(lksuk tkjh j[kuk)% Don'twakethebaby
up;letitsleeponforanotherhour.
Shutout (jksduk] Hkhrj u vkus nsuk)% Iwasshut
outfromtakingpartinthatculturalprogramme.
Shutup(tcku dks yxke nsuk] pqi dj nsuk)%
(i) Oh,shutup!Idonotwanttohearanything
againstmyfriend.
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(ii) Ishuthimupbypointingouthisdemerits.
Sitback(iqu% vkjke ls cSB tkuk)% Hesatbackin
hisarmchairandstartedreadinganovel.
Sitdown (cSB tkuk] LFkku xzg.k djuk)% Thean-
nouncerrequestedtheaudiencetositdown.
Siton/upon[(fdlh Hkh) tkap ds fy, cSBuk] btykl
cSBuk]: Thejuryhasbeensittingonmyapplica-
tionforamonth.
Sitout (fcuk Hkkx fy, vyx cSBs jguk] 'kkfey u
gksuk)% Shewillsitoutthecomingexamination.
Sit out (ckgj cSBuk)% We should sit out in the
gardenasitistoohotindoors.
Situp(mB cSBuk)% Thepatientisnowwellenough
tositupinbed.
Stand against (dk fojks/ djuk] jksM+k vVdkuk)%
Nobody dares to stand against that notorious
criminal.
Standback (ihNs ykSVuk)% Theofficer ordered
thesoldierstostandback.
Standby(dk leFkZu djuk] dk i{k ysuk] fuHkkuk)%
Wewillalwaysstandbyourleader.
Standdown(lk{kh dk dV?kjs ls mrjuk_ fdlh ds
i{k esa viuh mEehnokjh okil ysuk ;k fdlh ds i{k esa
gV tkuk)% TheJudgeaskedthewitnesstostand
down.
Stand for (mEehnokj gksuk)% Ten candidates are
standingforParliamentaryelectionshere.
Stand in (fgLlk ckaVuk)% Let me stand in with
youifitisexpensive.
Stickat[(dksbZ pht) tkjh j[kuk]:Istickatmy
workatleasttwelvehoursaday.
Stickout(ckgj fudyuk)% Thenaughtyboysticks
outhistongueathissister.
Stickto[(ds izfr) fo'oklh gksuk]:Wemuststick
toourfriends.
Stickto(MVs jguk)% Youshouldsticktothisreso-
lution.
Stickupfor(cpko djuk] i{k ysuk)% Iamreadyto
stickupforhim.
Stickwith(oiQknkj gksuk)% Hedoesnotstickwith
hiswife.
Stopby (FkksM+h nsj ds fy, vkuk ;k tkuk)% She
stoppedbymyhometheotherday.
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Stopoff[(;k=kk esa) e; foJke djuk] iM+ko Mkyuk]:
OnthewaytoDelhi,IstoppedoffatAllahabad.
Stopout(?kj ls ckgj Bgjuk)% Whydoesshestop
outallnightthesedays?
Stopover[(;k=kk es)
a e;foJke djuk] iM+ko Mkyuk)%
WestoppedoverinDelhiovernightwhilegoing
toKashmir.
Strikeat(ij okj djuk] ij izgkj djuk] dks fu'kkuk
cukuk)% Hestruckatadeerwithanarrow.
Strikedown (ekjdj fxjk nsuk)% Hewasstruck
downbyanunidentfiedcriminals.
Strikeoff(uke dkV nsuk] gVk nsuk)% Thisdoctor's
namehasbeenstruckofffromtheMedicalReg-
ister.
Strikeon (vpkud ;k vk'kk ds foijhr ikuk)% He
hasstruckonasolutiontothisproblem.
Strikeup[(nksLrh] ifjp;) 'kq: djuk]:Theseboys
havestruckupafriendship.
Sumup(ftruk laHko gks lds mruk la{ksi esa crkuk ;k
o.kZu djuk)%
(i) Hesummedupthestoryofhisloveaffiaris
(ii) Icannotsumuphiswholetheoryinoneword
Switchoff[(fctyh ds midj.kksa dk) cVu nckdj
dk;Z djuk can dj nsuk)%
(i) Switchofftheradio.
(ii) Switchthelightoff.
Switchon[(fctyh ds midj.kksa dk) cVu nckdj
pkyw djuk)% Sheaskedherservanttoswitchon
thetaperecorder.
Talkbackto (mn.Mrk ls tokn nsuk)% Thestu-
dentsshouldnottalkbacktotheirteachers.
Talkdown(eqga can dj nsuk_ cPpk le>dj le>kuk)%
Hetalkeddownalltheworkersoftheparty.
Talk over/round (le>k ysuk] viuh ckr euok
ysuk)% IthinkIwilltalkthemover/roundtoour
wayofthinking.
Takeafter [leku gksuk] ln`'k fn[kuk ([kkldj ekrk
;k firk ;k fdlh lEcU/h ds)]:Monatakesafter
hermother.
Take(away)from(de djuk] detksj djuk] ?kVkuk)%
Havingelopedwithagirl,ourleadertookaway
fromthepublicimage.
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Takeback(okil ys ysuk)% Hecannottakeback
whathehassaid.
Takeoff[(tgkt dk) mM+ku Hkjuk]:Theplanehas
takenoff.
Takedown(fy[k ysuk)% Thechiefreportertook
downthespeechoftheFinanceMinister.
Takein[(fdlh cso'k dks) ?kj esa txg nsuk]:Youare
kindtotakethisorphanin.
Takeoff(mrkjuk_ gVkuk)% Whenhereturnsfrom
theoffice,hetakesoffhisshoesfirst.
Takeon(ysuk_ gkFk esa ysuk)% Withpromotion,he
hastakenongreaterresponsibilities.
Takeout(fudkyuk] nwj djuk_ gVkuk)% Thedentist
tookouttwoofhisteeth.
Takeover (mkjnkf;Ro ysuk] dk Hkkj ysuk)% The
company wants me to take over as Manager
whenMr.Sinhaleaves.
Taketo(vkdf"kZr gksuk rFkk ilan djuk)% Idonot
knowwhetherhehastakentoMissSmith.
Taketo[(fu;fer vknr dh rjg) 'kq: djuk] izkjaHk
djuk]:Hetooktowearingblackshirts.
Takeup (mBkuk)% Hetookupapenandstarted
writinghername.
Takeup(withsomebody) [ds ckjs esa fy[kuk ;k
cksyuk]:IwilltakeupthismatterwiththeChief
Minister.
Tearapart(iQkM+dj VqdM+&s VqdM+s dj nsuk)% Isaw
thatshirtsotornapartthatnoonewouldever
wantitagain.
Tearaway(from)(gVuk_ dksbZ dke djuk can dj
nsuk)% ShenevertearsherselfawayfromT.V.
Teardown(iwjh rjg ls cckZn dj nsuk)% Whyhave
youtornthisoldbuildingdown?
Tearup(VqdM+&
s VqdM+s dj nsuk)% Shetoreupyour
letter.
Tellapart(vUrj djuk)% Iamstillunabletotell
thetwinsapart.
Tellfrom(vUrj djuk)% CanyoutellMaryfrom
hertwinsister?
Telloff(MkaVuk] iQVdkjuk)% Heneverlikesbeing
toldoffevenbyhisfather.
Thinkback[(xqtjh gqbZ phtksa dks) ;kn djuk]:Iam
thinkingbacktomyownexperienceasateacher.
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Thinkof(fopkj djuk)% Youmustthinkofvery
possibility.
Think out [lko/kuhiwoZd lkspdj (fdlh pht ds
fy,) ;kstuk cukuk]% Thisstepofyoursneedsthink-
ingout.
Thinkover (iqu% fopkj djuk] xkSj djuk)% You
mustaskhertothinkovermyproposal.
Thinkthrough (fdlh gkykr ds lkjs izHkkoksa rFkk
urhtksa ij fopkj djuk)% Ihavenotreallythought
thewholebusinessthroughinmymind.
Thinkabout[tkapuk] fopkj djuk ([kkldj dksbZ
;kstuk] fopkj] vkfn ij ;g tkuus ds fy, ;g djus
;ksX; gS ;k ugha]:Pleasethinkaboutmyproposal
andletmeknowaboutyourviewstomorrow.
Thinkup (lksp fudkyuk)% Nobodycanpredict
whatshewillthinkupnext.
Throwabout(fc[ksj nsuk] iSQyk nsuk)% Weshould
notthrowwastepaperaboutinthepark.
Throwaway (ew[kZrk ds dkj.k [kks nsuk)% Hehas
thrownawayagoodchanceofbecominganof-
ficer.
Throwin(fcuk ewY; c<+kskjh ds dqN vfrfjDr pht
dh vkiwfrZ djuk)% YoucanhavethiscoolerforRs.
4000withthestandthrowingin.
Throwoff(NqVdkjk ikus esa liQy gksuk)% Hehasgot
successinthrowingoffthatgirl.
Throwon/upon(ij NksM+ nsuk)% Hehasthrown
himselfon/uponthemercyofthejudge.
Throwout[vuk;kl (cksy nsuk)% Ihavethrown
outasuggestion.
Throwover (R;kx nsuk] NksM+ nsuk)% Don'tthrow
overanoldfriend.
Throwup(bfLriQk nsuk] R;kx i=k nsuk)% Hehas
thrownuphis job becausehe wasnot pleased
withthebehaviourofhisemployer.
Touchup(fdlh rLohj] ys[k] vkfn dks csgrj djus
ds fy, FkksM+k cgqr ifjorZu djuk)% Hetouchedup
thepainting.
Touchon/upon(dk mYys[k djuk] FkksM+k&lk izdk'k
Mkyuk)% Duringhislongspeech,theP.M.touched
on/upontheKashmirproblem.
Tryon[(fdlh oL=k] vkfn dks) vktek dj ns[kuk)%
Myfriendtriedonhisnewsuit.
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Tryout(dh ijh{kk ysuk_ vktekuk)% Wearetrying
outanotherideatohelptheblindstudents.
Tumbledown(fxj tkuk)% Thisoldbuildingisin
dangeroftumblingdown.
Tumbleover(yq<d
+ iM+uk] fxj iM+uk)% Thelittle
girltumbledoverandbrokeherlegs.
Turnagainst (nq'eu cuk tkuk)% Hehasturned
againsthisbrothers.
Turnaway[(ukSdjh ls) fudky nsuk_ gVk nsuk)% As
my servant was dishonest, I have turned him
away.
Turnback(ykSVuk] okil vkuk_ ykSVkuk] okil dj
nsuk)%
(i) Ramanhasnotturnedbackyet.
(ii) Shehasturnedbackallyourletters.
Turndown(vLohdkj djuk] j dj nsuk)% Mohini
hasturneddownMohan'sproposalofmarriage.
Turninto(gks tkuk] cu tkuk)% Waterturnsinto
iceato'centigrade.Waterturnsintovapourwhen
itisheated.
Turnoff[fn'kk cnyuk] nwljh lM+d ds fy, (,d
lM+d NksMu+ k)]:Weshouldturnoffhere.
Turnon(fuHkZj djuk)% Thesuccessofourpicnic
willturnontheweather.
Turnout(fudky ckgj djuk)% Heturnedouthis
tenant.
Turnover(yq<d
+ uk_ yq<d
+ kuk)%
(i) Heturnedoverinbed.
(ii) Thedoctorturnedthechildoverandgave
aninjectioninhisrightbuttock.
Turnto(dh vksj eqM+uk ;k mUeq[k gksuk_ dh lgk;rk
ekaxuk)% Therecameatimewhenhehadtoturn
tohisenemiesforhelp.
Turnup (mifLFkr gksuk)% Veryfewpeopleturned
uponhisnuptials.
Turnupon (ij vkfJr gksuk)% Don'ttrytoturn
uponothers.
Waitabout/around (fdlh ls feyus ds iwoZ fcuk
eryc ds cgqr le; xqtkj nsuk)% Please,don'tkeep
herwaitingabout/aroundatthegate.
Waiton(ukSdj ds :i esa lsok djuk)% Shewaits
onherhusband.
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Waitup(ltx jguk_ izrh{kk esa tkxrs jguk)% Wait
up,shecancomehereanytime.
Waitupon(bartkj djuk_ lsok esa izLrqr jguk)% He
alwayswaitsuponhismistress.
Wakeup (txuk)% Hewakesupbeforesunrise.
Wakeup(txkuk)% Wakehimupbeforesunrise.
Wakeupto (pkSd mBuk_ gks'k esa vkuk)% Lastly,
peoplebegantowakeuptothedangertheywere
facing.
Walkawayfrom(vklkuh ls NksM+ nsuk@Uk"V dj nsuk)%
Isshegoingtowalkawayfromhermarriage?
Walkinto(esa iaQl tkuk)% Shehaswalkedinto
trouble.
Walkinon(ijs'kku djuk)% Hewalkedinonme
whileIwaspreparinganote.
Walkoff (NksM+uk_ vyx gksuk_ ihNk NqM+kuk)% He
walkedoffhisheadachebyhavingawalkinthe
morning.
Walkoffwith(pqjk ys tkuk_ fcuk iwNs ys tkuk)% He
walkedoffwithmywatch.
Walkout(fojks/ Lo:i pys tkuk_ gM+rky ij pyk
tkuk)% The workers of his factory walked out
yesterday.
Walkup (igqapuk)% Abeggar walkedupto me
andaskedformoney.
Washaway/off/out(/ksdj gVkuk)% Thewasherman
haswashedawaythebloodstains.
Washdown (/ks Mkyuk)% Heorderedhisservant
towashdownthecar.
Washup[(crZu vkfn) ekatuk]% Themaidservant
willwashupthedinnerset.
Watchfor (ds ckjs esa lko/ku jguk)% Wehaveto
watchforthepartyproblem.
Watchout(lko/ku jguk] lrdZ jguk)% Unlessyou
watchout,hemaykillyou.
Watchover(ns[k&js[k djuk)% Godwatchesover
us.
Waveaside ([kkfjt dj nsuk] njfdukj dj nsuk)%
Thejudgewavedyourobjectionaside.
Wavedown(gkFk fn[kkdj xkM+h jksduk)% WhileI
wasreturningfromthecinemalatelastnight,a
policemanwavedmedown.
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Waveoff (fonk djuk)% Iwent tothe airport to
waveoffmyfriend'schildren.
Winddown[can djuk (dksbZ O;olk;)]:Heisgo-
ingtowinddownhisbusiness.
Windup(lekiu djuk)% Itisnowtimetowind
upthegame.
Wipeaway/off(iksN
a Mkyuk] iksN
a dj gVk nsuk)%
(i) He wiped away her tears with a handker-
chief.
(ii) Sheneedsahandkerchieftowipoffthesand.
Wipeout (vfLrRo feVk nsuk)% Epidemicsbroke
outinthisvillageandwipedoutallthepopulation.
Wipeup(fdlh pht ls@ij ls /wy] rjy dks diM+k
ls gVk nsuk)% Thewaiterwipedupthetable.
Work off [(xqLlk] ijs'kkuh] vkfn ij) dkcw ikuk]
NwVdkjk ikuk)% Sheworkedoffherangerbybeat-
ingherchildren.
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Workon/upon(izHkkfor djuk] mksftr djuk)% Her
sufferingsworkeduponmyfeelingssomuchthat
Igaveherallthehelpsheneeded.
Workout (gy djuk)% Sheworkedoutallthe
problemswithoutanydifficulty.
Workup (mksftr djuk] HkM+dkuk)% He worked
himselfupintoastateofhysteria.
Write(somebody)down(ds :i esa o.kZu djuk)%
Iwillwriteherdownasararebeauty.
Writedown[(fy[kuk] fyfic djuk (dkxt ij):
Youmaywritedownmyaddress.
Writeout(iwjk fy[kuk@lfoLrkj fy[kuk)% Write
outacopyoftheagreementbetweenus.
Writeup(izdk'ku ds fy, jpuk djuk_ ys[kd dk
dke djuk)%
(i) Heiswritingupanovel.
(ii) Mis. Mehtais writingupfor the newspa-
pers.
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6.SOMETROUBLESOMEWORDS
1. Abatement (lekiu] deh] NwV] dVkSrh)% Thear-
rivalofthepolicehelpedtheabatementinthe
incidenceofcrimes.
Abetement (nq"izsj.k] mdlkgr)% Her abetment
inmakingthesituationfrombadtoworseisnow 11. Advice (lykg)% Wemust followthe advice of
anopensecret.
2. Accede(LFkku izkIr djuk] Lohdkj djuk)% Queen
Victoriaaccededtothethronein1837.
Exceed (vfre.k djuk] lhek ls ckgj tkuk)%
Theirsuccess exceededall expectations.
3. Accent (Lojk?kkr] mPPkkj.k fp)% The speaker's
accentwasnotwell.
Assent(lger gksuk] Lohfr nsuk)% Myfatherdid
notassentyourproposal.
4. Accept (Lohdkj djuk)% She offered me a gift
andIacceptedit.
Except (flok;)% Everyone except Raju came.
5. Accomplish (iwjk djuk] laokjuk] fu[kkjuk)% We
hopetoaccomplishtheconstructionworkofthis
projectintime.
Accomplice (lgvijk/h] lgdehZ)% His accom-
pliceinthebankrobberywasshotdeadinanen-
counterwiththepolice.
6. Acetic (rstkch vEyh;)% Vinegar is always ace-
ticintaste.
Ascetic (oSjkxh_ lU;klh)% A group of ascetics
cametothetempleofmyvillage.
7. Action (deZ] dk;Z ] dk;Zokgh)% The police took
sternactionagainstthekidnappers.
Auction(uhyke_ uhyke djuk)% Ibougthatelevi-
sionsetintheauction.
8. Adage (dgkor] yksdksfDr)% 'Unitedwestand,di-
videdwefallisanadage.
Edge(fdukjk] Nksj)% Thesharpedgeoftheblade
cutmytoebadly.
9. Addition (;ksx] tksM+] ladyu)% She is good at
additionandsubtraction.
Edition(laLdj.k)% ThisisthelatesteditionofA
mirorofCommonErrosr.
10. Adopt(xksn ysuk] viuk cukuk)% Mrs.Singhadopted
anorphanboy.
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Adapt(vuqdwy cukuk] vuqdy w djuk)% Oneofmy
friendsadaptedhimselftotheneworganisation.
Adept (fuiq.k] dq'ky] n{k)% SachinTendulkar is
adeptincricket.
ourelders.
Advise (lykg nsuk)% The teacher advised the
studentstoworkhard.
12. Affection (Lusg] yxko)% Shehasalotofaffec-
tionforme.
Affectation (<ksx
a ] cukoVhiu] fn[kkok)% Hislittle
affectationirriatedher.
13. Affluence (foiqyrk] izpqjr)% He quicklyrose to
affluenceandbecamewealthy.
Effluence (cfg"izokg] cfg%L=kko)% The effluence
fromtheleatherfactoryshouldbestrictlystopped.
14. Air (gok] ok;q)% Pollutedaircanbethecauseof
ourdeath.
Heir(mkjkf/dkjh)% Mr.Sendidnotleaveanheir
behindhim.
15. Alien (ijk;k] fons'kh)% AsIamanalien,Ihave
noprivilegetocastmyvote.
Align (iafDrcdjuk] le>kSrk djuk)% Pakistan is
notreadytoalianwithIndiaontheKashmiris-
sue.
16. Ailment (chekjh)% Her ailment made me anx-
ious.
Element (rRo] vo;o)% Justice is an important
elementofagoodgovernment.
17. Allready(iw.kZ rS;kj)% Thepolicewereallready
tonabthecriminals.
Already(igys ls gh] igys gh)% Shehadalready
dancedbeforeIcame.
18. Allright('allisright'):Allright,Iwillseeyou
soon.
Alright:Note:"alright"isanincorrectformand
itshouldbeavoided.
19. Allround(pkSrjiQk] loZrkse[
q kh)% Heisanallround
sportsman.
Allaround(pkSrjiQk)% Youwillfindthesandall
aroundthere.
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20. All together (,d lkFk] lkFk&lkFk)% The sheep
movedalltogetherinthesamedirection.
Altogethe (iw.kZr)% Idon'taltogetheragreewith
you.
21. Allude(bZ'kkjk djuk] ladr
s djuk)% Youalludedto
certainlatestdevelopmentsinyourspeech.
Elude (cp fudyuk] Vkyuk)% Heeludedthepo-
liceforweeks.
22. Altar(osnh)% Shelaidtheofferingsonthealtar.
Alter (cnyuk)% Herdecisionneveralters.
23. Amoral(uhfr ck] uhfr fujis{k)% Suchthingsare
amoralbynature.
Immoral(vuSfrd)% Somepeoplestillthinkitim-
moraltohavesexbeforemarriage.
24. Angel(nsonwr] LoxZnwr] iQfj'rk)% Angelsareusu-
allyshowninpicturesashumanbeingsdressedin
whitewithwings.
Angle (dks.k] n`f"Vdks.k)% We must look into the
casefromadifferentangle.
25. Antic(fofp=k] foy{k.k gjdr tks nwljksa dks galkus ds
ms'; ls dh tk,)% Peoplelaughattheclown'ssilly
antics.
Antique (izkphu] iqjkru)% He deals in antique
objects.
26. Appraise(ewY;kadu djuk)% Itwouldbeunwiseto
buythehousebeforehavingitappraised.
27. Artist (dykdkj] dykizseh[ laxhrdkj)% He is a
greatartist.
Artiste(uV] vfHkusrk] xk;d] dkjhxj)% Amongthe
artistesapperaringonthestagetonightwehave
KumarShanu.
28. Ascent (mRFkku] vkjksg.k] p<+kbZ)% Who was the
firstmantomakeanascentonMountEverest?
29. Aspire (vdka{kk djuk] egRokdka{kk j[kuk] mQapk mBuk)%
Aspiringmusiciansmustpractisemanyhoursa
day.
Expire (cq>uk] vUr ;k [kRe gksuk)% Ourpresent
leaseoftheflatexpiresnextmonth.
Inspire(izsfjr djuk] izsj.kk nsuk] fnekx esa fcBkuk)%
Hisnobleexampleinspiredtherestofustomake
greater efforts.
30. Assay ('kqrk dh ijh{kk] tka p] fu/kZj.k] iz ;ksx)%
Makeanassayofanore.
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Essay (fuca/] lkfgfR;d jpuk] izFke ys[ku)% We
havetowritethreeessaysinthisexamination.
31. Assess (dj yxkuk] tqekZuk djuk] ewY;kadu djuk]
fukkZfjr djuk)% AssessthedamageatRs35000.
Ashes(HkLe] jk[k)% Asheswereallthatremained
ofherbooksafterthefire.
32. Attach(yxkuk] tksM+uk] tCr djuk] lfEefyr djuk)%
Please,attachalabletoeachpieceofluggage.
Attache (jktnwr&lgk;d)% Iamgoingtotalkto
the U.S.attache.
33. Aught (d.k] fdafpr] dksbZ oLrq] va'k)% Tell me
aughtyouknowaboutthismatch.
Ought (pkfg,)% Weoughttostartatonce.
34. Aural (d.kZ lac/a h] dku ls lac)% Mr.Sinhaisan
auralsurgeon.
Oral (ekSf[kd] tckuh] eq[korhZ)% He is eager to
giveanoraltest.
35. Axle (/qjh] dhyh] v{k)% Thebackaxleofthecar
isbroken.
Excel(ls c<+dj gksuk] vkxs fudy tkuk] mR"V dk;Z
djuk)% Thefirmexcelsinproducingcheapra-
dios.
36. Bacon(lwvj dk ekal)% Shedidn'tlikebacon.
Beacon (chdu] ladrs izdk'k] |ksrd] vkdk'knhi)%
TheteachingsofLordBuddhaservedasabea-
contomeinmystruggleforsuccess.
37. Bad (cqjk] [kjkc] v;ksX;] ?kfV;k] vuqi;qDr)% You
can'ttakephotographsifthelightisbad.
Bed('k ;k)] fcLrj] iyax] pkjikbZ)% Thebeggar's
bedwasaparkbench.
38. Bag(FkSYkk] cksjk] >ksyk)% Shegavemeabagfullof
fruit.
Beg (Hkh[k ekaxuk] izrh{kk esa cSBs jguk] mRlqdrk ls
ekaxuk)% Hewassopoorthathehadtobegfrom
passers-by.
39. Bait(tkuoj ;k eNyh idM+us ds fy, pkjk yxkuk)%
Baitahookwithaworm.
Bat(fpexknM+_ cYyk)% Hehasnotseenabat.
40. Bale (xV~Bj] xkaB] caMy)% Theclothwaspacked
inbales.
Bail (tekur] izfrHkwfr])% The magistrate granted
himbail.
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Ball (xsan] danqd] xksyk)% Theboyswereplaying
footballinthefield.
41. Bawl(fpYykuk] ph[kuk)% Thatboyhasbeenbawl-
ingforhours.
Bowl(I;kyk] dVksjk] fdlh oLrq dk Hkhrjh xksykdkj
fjDr Hkkx)% Hedrankthewaterfromabigbowl
42. Bare ([kqyk gqvk] vuko``r] uaxk] ttZj] FkksM+k)% Ido
notliketorunbarefoot.
Bear(jhN] Hkkyw] eanfM+;k)% Agrislybearbecame
thecentreofattractioninmyvillage.
Beer (tkS dh 'kjkc] fc;j)% Mr. Sinha drinks a
bottleofbeerinaday.
43. Baron (lkear] uokc] tehankj)% Mr Shahay be-
cameoneofthetopbaronsinmydistrict.
Barren(cka>] vuqoZj] catj] uhjl] fujFkZd)% Abar-
renladyadoptedabeautifulgirl.
Barn([kfygku] dksBkj)% Hesleepsinhisbarnat
night.
44. Batter(isQ
a Vuk] fcxkM+uk] pdukpwj djuk)% Hebat-
teredthedoordown.
Better (vf/d vPNk] mUur] ifj'kq] vf/d ikyq)%
YouareabettermanthanI(am).
Better (lq/kjuk)% I hope you will better your
performancethistime.
45. Beach(leqnz rV)% Iliketotakeasunbathonthe
beach.
Bitch (dqkh)% Hehasalovelybitch.
46. Beatify (vkuafnr djuk] /U; ?kksf"kr djuk)% After
hearingtheteachingsofmyguruIfeelbeatified.
Beautify (laqnj cukuk)% Mr.Kunalwasengaged
inbeautifyinghisgarden.
47. Beet (pqdanj)% I likeeating beet-roots.
Beat(ihVuk] ekjuk] pksV igqapkuk)% Somebodywas
beatingatthedoor.
48. Bellow(xjtuk] xtZu djuk] ph[kuk] Mdjuk)% The
tigerbellowedangrily.
Below(uhps] ds uhps] fupys LFkku ij)% Pleasedo
notwritebelowthisline.
49. Berth (xkM+h esa lksus dh txg)% Icouldnotgeta
berthinthetrain.
Birth(tUe)% Idonotknowthedateofhisbirth.
50. Beside (cxy esa)% A stranger sat beside me.
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Besides (vykok)% She presented me a tie be-
sides a suit.
51. Biannual(lky esa nks ckj gksus okyk)% Abiannual
meetingwasheldinmycollege.
Biennial (}Sokf"kZd] f}o"kZO;kih)% The biennial
tournamentendedsuccessfully.
52. Block ([kaM] fiaM] lkapk] BIik] iz[kaM] Nkik)% He
beatthethiefwithablockofwood.
Bloc (xqV] ny)% Therearemanypoliticalblocs
inourcountry.
53. Blonde (lqugjh] xksjh)% Who was that blonde
girlIsawyouwithlastnight?
Blond (lqugjk] xksjk)% Isawablondboyinthe
cinemahall.
54. Brake (czsd] jksd] jks/d)% Hisbrakesfailedona
steephill.
Break (rksM+uk] foHkDr djuk] VqdM+s djuk)% She
droppedtheplateanditbrokeintopieces.
55. Breath ('okla] lkal] ne)% His breath smelt of
garlic.
Breathe (lakl ysuk] lkal [khapuk] ne ysuk)% He
wasbreathinghardafterrunningforthetrain.
56. Bridal(fookg lac/a h] oSokfgd)% Iattendedabridal
partylastnight.
Bridle (yxke] fu;a=k.k] ckxMksj)% I bridled his
tongue.
57. Bustard(fuyksj] lksgu fpfM+;k)% Isawabustare
inthezoo.
Bastard(o.kZladj larku] gjkeh] uktk;t larku)% I
wasshockedtohearthatSohanwasabastard.
58. Callous(dBksj] l[r] fu"Bqj)% Ineversawacal-
lousmanlikeyou.
Callus (peM+s dk eksVk ;k ?kuk Hkkx)% Mywound
hashealedbutthatpartoftheskinhasturnedcal-
lus.
59. Canal(ugj] fo'kk[kk)% TheSuezCanaljoinsthe
MediterranceanSeaandtheRedSea.
Kennel (dqDdqj'kkyk] ykseM+h dh ekan])% Imadea
beautifulkennelformydog.
60. Cannon (rksi] ukykfLFk)% Indian military forces
destroyedtheenemywithheavycannonfire.
Canon(dkuwu] fu;e] vf/fu;e] flkar)% Thisfilm
breaksallthecanonsofgoodtaste.
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61. Canvas (fdjfep] dSuol] iky] ckncku)% Isolda
canvasbagforRs.50.
Canvass (oksV ekaxuk] vkWMZj ysuk)% The labour
candidate will canvass the constituency next
month.
62. Capital (jkt/kuh] eq[; oLrq)% Patnaisthecapi-
talofBihar.
Capitol (laln Hkou (U.S.) (jkse esa tqihVj dk
eafnj) dSihVksy)% Ifyoutrytointrudeintothecapi-
tol,youwillbepreventedbytheguards.
63. Career(thou] is'kk] thou dkfyd] thou mUufr)%
Ilikeacareerinofdoctor.
Carrier (lkeku j[kus okyk)% Thecarrierofthis
bicycleisbig.
64. Careless (ykijokg)% Acarelessdriverisadan-
gertothepublic.
Carefree(fparkeqDr] izlUUk)% Heleadsacarefree
life.
65. Cast(isQduk] >kM+uk] iVduk] fNrjkuk)% Theangler
casthisliveintothewater.
Caste (o.kZ] tkfr] oxZ] lkekftd foHkktu)% It is
difficultforthelowestcastetoliveinyourvillage.
66. Cease(#duk)% Hostilitiesbetweenthetwosides
ceasedatmidnight.
Seize(tCr djuk] idM+ ysuk)% Sheseizedmeby
thewrist.
67. Cell (canh df{kd] dksBjh] dqfV;k] xqiQk] dksf'kdk)%
Humantissueismadeupofcells.
Sell(cspuk] fo; djuk] O;kikj djuk)% Theysell
eggs.
68. Censer (/qiznku] /wfi;k)% I bought a censer for
thepriest.
Censor (izdk'ku&fu;a=kd] nks"kkUos"kd)% The cen-
sororderedtheproducertoremovemanyscenes
fromthefilm'Bombay'.
Censure(ijfuank] fuank] vkykspuk)% TwoMPswere
censured by the speaker.
69. Cereal (vukt] nky] f}&ny vUUk)% I like good
cereal breakfast.
Serial (dgkuh dk fed ;k /kjkokgh izdk'ku)%
'Shaktiman'becameapopularT.V.serial.
70. Cession (leiZ.k] LoRo R;kx)% The question of
cessionofveenaninchoflandtoPakistandoes
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notarise.
Session (vklu] cSBd] lHkk] vf/os'ku] l=k)% I
attendtheconferenceinthesecondsession.
71. Cafe(LFkku tgka ij O;fDr 'kjkc] dkWiQh] vkfn ;
djds ih ldrs gSa)% Thereare fivecafesinthis
town.
Chafe(jxM+uk] eyuk] jxM+dj [kqjnjk dj nsuk)% A
stiffcollarmaychafeyourneck.
Chaff (rq"k] Hkwlh] dqV~Vh] pksdj)% Thefarmerwas
removingchafffromthegrainforanimals.
72. Choir(xk;d eaMyh] xk;u LFky)% Shesingsinthe
schoolchoir.
Coir(ukfj;y dk tVk)% Shewantedtobuyacoir
mattress.
Chord(lkt dk ,d rkj] thok] jTtq)% Iboughta
harp,whichhadabrokenchord.
Cord(Mksjh] jLlh)% Theseparcelsaretiedwitha
pieceofcord.
73. Cite(mr djuk)% Shecitedsomeexamplesfrom
the Ramayana.
Site(fdlh dke ds fy, pquh gqbZ txg)% Ipickeda
beautifulsiteforthetent.
Sight(n`f"V_ n`';)%
(i) Somedrugscanaffectyoursight.
(ii) Whatabeautifulsightitis
74. Coat (dksV] vksojdksV] vkoj.k] ysi)% Ilikeawa-
terproofcoat.
Quote(mr djuk] gokyk nsuk)% Healwaysquotes
versesfromtheBible.
75. Comparable (rqyuk djus ;ksX;)% Madhuri and
Manishaarecomparableheroines.
Comparative (rqyukRed)% Thisbookpresentsa
comparativestudyofDonneandMilton.
76. Complacent (larq"V] vkRerq"V)% Wemustnotbe
complacentaboutourachievements,thereisstill
alottobedone.
Complaisant (vuqxzgh] Hknzrk] fou;)% Rakesh is
popularamonghisfriendsbecauseheiscomplai-
sant.
77. Complimentary (vfHkoknu |ksrd] ekukFkZ HksaV)%
Shewashighlycomplimentaryaboutmypaint-
ings.
Complementary(iwjd] laijw d)% Hisgoodheight
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iscomplementarytoherbeauty.
78. Comprehensive (O;kid] foLr`r)% He gave me
acomprehensivedescriptionoftherobbery.
Comprehensible(iwjh rjg ls le> esa vkus ;ksX;)%
AMirrorofCommonErrorsisaneasilycompre- 87. Cymbal (eathjk] djrky] >ka>] vkfn ok| ;a=k)%
hensible book.
79. Concur (lger gksuk] laxkeh gksuk] gkeh Hkjuk)% She
hasexpressedheroppositiontotheplan,andIfully
concurwithherinthismatter.
Conquer(thruk] fotsrk gksuk] iz;Ruiwod
Z izkIr djuk)%
TheNormansconquredEnglandin1066.
80. Confident (fo'oklh] vk'oLr] lkglh)% Iamcon-
fidentofmyvictory.
Confidant(fo'oklik=k] varjax fe=k)% Rohanisno
moremyconfidant.
Confidante (fo'oklik=k (efgyk] va r ja x fe=k
(efgyk))% Radhaismyconfidante
81. Confirm(iDdk djuk] iqf"V djuk] LFkkfir djuk)%
Therumoursofherelopmentwereconfirmed.
Conform(vuq:i djuk] ln`'k djuk] vuqlkj gksuk)%
Thebuildingdoesnotconformtosafetyregula-
tions.
82. Corporal ('kkjhfjd] nsg/kjh] HkkSfrd)% Corporal
labourtochildrenshouldnotbeallowed.
Corporeal (nSfgd] dkf;d] ikfFkZo)% He is very
religiousandthecorporealworldhaslittleinter-
estforhim.
83. Corpse ('ko yk'k)% Policegatheredallcorpses
afterthetrainaccident.
Corps(dksj] ny] lewg)% Ramisamemberofthe
RoyalArmyMedicalCorps.
84. Council (ifj"kn~ dkSafly] ea=k.kk lHkk)% Thelocal
councilisinchargeoftheseroads.
Counsel(ijke'kZ] lykg] ;kstuk] ms';)% Youmust
takecounselwithyourlawyer.
Counsel (lykg nsuk] ijke'kZ nsuk)% Icounselled
himtogiveupsuchariskyplan.
85. Credible(fo'oluh;)% Yourstorydoesnotseem
tobecredible.
Creditable(iz'kalk ds ;ksX;)% Herachievementis
creditable.
Credulous (lgt fo'oklh)% Youarecredulous,
soyouarecheated.
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86. Critic (vkykspd] lekykspd] leh{kd)% Thisplay
hasbeenpraisedbythecritics.
Critique (lekykspuk] leh{kk)% Thebookpresent
acritiqueofthegovernment'seconomicpolicies.
LastnightIplayedthecymbal.
Symbol(izrhd] ladrs] fp] ladr
s k{kj)% Thegunis
thesymbolofviolence.
88. Daily(nSfud] izfrfnu)% Themachinesareinspected
daily.
Dally (f[kyokM+ djuk] [ksyuk] eu cgykuk] le;
xaokuk)% She dallies over her work and rarely
finsihesit.
89. Dairy (nqX/'kkyk] nqX/kkxkj)% Iboughtmilkfroma
dairy.
Diary (nSfudh] jkstukepk] fnup;kZ ys[k)% Hepre-
sentedmeanexceptionallybeautifuldiary.
90. Damp (ue] vknzZ] lhyu Hkjk)% Don't sleep be-
tweendampsheets.
Dump (cks> mrkjuk] fons'k Hkstuk (lkeku)] /e ls
fxjkuk)% Somepeoplejustdumptheirrubbishin
theriver.
91. Dear(fiz;] I;kjk] egaxk] nqyZHk)% Helosteverything
thatwasdeartohim.
Deer (fgj.k) Thedeeraregrazing.
92. Descent (mrkj&<yko] vojksg.k] oa'k ijaijk)% The
planebeganitsdescentinParis.
Dissent (folEer gksuk] fojks/ djuk)% Thosewho
dissented from Anglican teachings could be
heavilyfined.
Decent ('kkyhu] lqlH;] lyhdsnkj] izfrf"Br)% He
isathroughlydecentman.
93. Desert (ohjku] mtkM+] e#LFky] e#Hkwfe)% Vastar-
easoflandhavebecomedesert.
Dessert (Hkkstuksijkar [kk;s tkus okys iQy] esok]
fe"VkUu)% Ilikedessertafterameal.
94. Die(ejuk] e`R;q gksuk] ej tkuk)% Hediedafterthe
accident.
Dye(jaxu] jaftr djuk] /Cck yxkuk)% TodayIdyed
awhitedressblue.
95. Draught (?kwaV] e|iku] [kqjkd)% He emptied his
glassatonedraught.
Drought (lw[kk] vuko`f"V] 'kq"drk)% Most of the
160
159

areasofAfricaareaffectedbydrought.
96. Dual (}Sr] nksgjk] f}fo/)% Shehasplayedadual
inyouraffairs.
Duel (}U} ;q] >xM+k] yM+kbZ)% Hedefeatedmein
thatduel.
97. Edict(jktkKk] iQjeku] /ekZns'k)% Weshouldobey
theedictsofparliament.
Addict(vkfn gksuk] yr yxkuk] O;lu yxkuk)% He
wasaddictedtodrinking.
98. Electric (fo|qr lEcU/h_ fctyh ls lEcfU/r)% He
dealsinelectricgoods.
Electrical(fo|qr)% Sheisanelectricalengineer.
99. Elementary (izkFkfed] izkjafHkd] ewy)% I want to
teachhimelementarymathematics.
Alimentary (iks"k.kkRed] vkgkj laca/h)% His ali-
mentarycanalisbadlydamaged.
100. Eminent (izfl] Js"B)% Mr.Anand is an emi-
nentscholar.
Imminent(lkfUudV_ 'kh?kz gksus okyh (?kVuk)% A
stormisimminent.
101. Envelop(<duk] can djuk] fNikuk)% Ababywas
envelopedinablanket.
Envelope(fyiQkiQk)% Iboughtanairmailenve-
lope.
102. Extant(izpfyr] fo|eku] ekStwn)% Ihaveseenthe
earliestextantmanuscriptofhispoem.
Extent(foLrkj] iSQyko] lqfoLr`r {ks=k)% Iwasamazed
attheextentofhisknowledge.
103. Fair(lqanj] mTtoy] pednkj] lkiQ)% Farmersare
hopingforfairweather.
Fare(HkkM+k] fdjk;k] ;k=kh)% Whatisthebusfare
toLondon?
104. Final (vafre] vk[kjh] fu.khZr)% Today I read the
finalchapterofhisbook.
Finale (var] lekfIr] lekiu (laxhr jpukesa))% I
sawthegrandfinaleofapantomimelastnight.
105. Flair(varcksZ/] varizjs.kk] Vksg ysu dh {kerk] tUetkr
izo`fk)% Hedoesn'tshowmuchflairforthepiano.
Flare(HkHkd] yiV] mkst] iznhfIr)% Thefireflared
upasIputmorelogsonit.
106. Foul (xank] efyu] v'yhy] ?k`f.kr] ?kfV;k)% This
medicinetastesfoul.
Fowl(ikyrw eqxhZ] eqxhZ)% Wekeepafewfowlsand
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somegoats.
107. Gate(}kjk] iQkVd] izo's k }kjk)% Thegardengateis
veryhigh.
Gait (pky] pyus dk <ax] dne pky)% Shewalks
withanunsteadygait.
108. Gauge or Gage (eki] uki] xst] ekud)% What
gaugeofwireshouldweuseforthewiringwork.
Gauze(tkyh)% Agauzepatchwasappliedtohis
wound.
Gaze(VdVdh_ VdVdh yxkdj ns[kuk)% Hegazed
atabeautifullookinggirl.
109. Genteel (dqyhu] f'k"V)% Sheistoogenteeltobe
criticised.
Gentle (Hknz] lqTtu] dksey] ean)% I like a man
withagentle heart.
110. Hail (vksyk] vksyko`f"V)% Ahail-stormlashedthe
town.
Hale (LoLFk] etcwr rxM+k)% I never saw a hale
manlikeyou.
111. Hare ([kjxks'k] [kjgk)% Thehunterkilledahare
withaknife.
Hair (ds'k] cky] jksoka)% There is a hair in my
soup.
Heir (mkjkf/dkjh)% Hehasnoheir
Here (;gk)% Come here soon.
Hear(lquuk@lquokbZ djuk)% Thejudgeishearing
the case.
112. Heal(vkjksX; ;k LoLFk cukuk] ?kko Hkjuk)% Thecut
soonhealed,butitleftascar.
Heel (,aM
s h)% Ihavesomepaininmyheel.
113. Heroin(eknd inkFkZ] gSjkbu] ekWfiZQu ls O;qRiUu inkFkZ)%
Youraddictiontoheroinhasruinedyou.
Heroine (ohjkMuk] ukVd dh ukf;dk)% Madhuri
Dixitistheheroineofthefilm'Tejab'.
114. Hey (izlUUrk] iz'ulwpd] ;kukd"khZ vO;;)% Hey,
comeandlookatthis.
Hay(lw[kh ?kkl] 'kq"d ?kkl)% Theyareplayingina
hay-field.
115. Historic (bfrgkl izfl] ,sfrgkfld)% Jolotagave
ahistoricprogrammeherelastnight.
Historical (,sfrgkfld] bfrgkl lEcU/h)% Shehas
visitedalotofhistoricalplaces.
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116. Hoard(xksnke] [ktkuk] dks"k] xqIrLFkku)% Lastnight
Ifoundamiser'shoard.
Horde ([kkukcnks'k tkfr] HkhM+ >qaM)% Therewere
hordesofpeopleoneithersideoftheroad.
117. Holy ('kq ikou] /ekZRek] ifo=k)% Ihavebathedin
theholywateroftheGanga.
Holey(Nsnnkj] lqjkxnkj] fNfnzy)% Thisbookisall
holey,soitlooksbad.
118. Homely(?kjsyw] ifjfpr] lknk] lk/kj.k] Hksksyk&Hkkyk)%
Iwantahomelyservantformyhouse.
Homily(mins'k] izopu] /eksZins'k)% Ireadthebook
inwhichthe homilliesofM.K.Gandhiare de-
scribed.
119. Hop(,d Vkax ij dwnuk] iqQnduk] yaxM+kuk)% Hehad
hurthisleftfootandhadtohopalong.
Hope (vk'kk] mEehn] Hkjkslk] vkdka{kk)% Ourhope
forfineweatherwasnotdisappointed.
Hoop (NYyk] ?ksjk] vaxwBh)% Hehasboughtabar-
relboundwithironhoops.
120. Human(ekuoh;)% Humanlifeisfullofupsand
down.
Humane (n;kyq)% M.K. Gandhi was a man of
humancenature.
121. Imaginary (dkYifud)% He is talking about an
imaginarycountry.
Imaginative (dYiuk'khy)% Wordsworth was an
imaginativepoet.
122. Except (flok] vfrfjDr)% I like everybody ex-
cept Ram.
Expect (vk'kk djuk] mEehn djuk)% Youcannot
expecttolearnaforeignlanguageinaweek.
123. Informant (lwpd] lwpuknkrk] tkudkjh nsuo s kyk)%
Thejournalistdidnotwanttorevealtheidentityof
theinformant.
Informer (eq[kfcj] lwpuk nsus okyk O;fDr)% He
waskilledbycriminalsbecausehewasaninformer
ofpolice.
124. Ingenious (es/koh] dq'ky] izoh.k)% An ingenious
mindcansolvethisdifficultcrosswordpuzzle.
Ingenuous (ljy] lPPkk] fu"diV] laHkzkar): Ilike
aningenoussmileofman.
125. Industrial(vkS|ksfxd)% Ahamadabadisanindus-
trialtown.
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Industrious (m|eh] ifjJeh] v;olk;h)% This
factory needs a large number of industrious
workers.
126. Jest (gkL;kLin pht] etkd] fnYyxh] pqVdqyuk)%
Manyatruewordisspokeninjest.
Zest(mRlkg)% ThezestoftheIndiancricketteam
inSharajhwasremarkable.
127. Kettle(dsryh] nsxph)% Cleanthekettleandmake
sometea.
Cattle (i'kq] eos'kh)% Theprisonerswere herded
likecattle.
128. Knot(xkaB] fookg ca/u] eqlhcr] laqnj D;kjh)% Make
aknotattheendoftherope.
Nought ('kwU;] dqN ugha])% Write three noughts
ontheblackborad.
129. Later (nsj djds] nsj ls] nsj rd)% Atfirstthings
wentwell,butlateronweranintotrouble.
Latter(ckn dk)% Hedidnotgivemetheanswer
tothelatterpartofthequestion.
130. Lather (isQu] >kx)% Makeupalatheronyour
chinbeforeshaving.
Leather (peZ] peM+k)% This sofa is covered in
real leather.
131. Lesser (de] NksVk] y?kqrj] ?kfV;k)% This is the
lesserofthetwoevils.
Lessor (iV~Vknkrk] iVVkdkkZ)% Iamthelessorof
thisfield.
132. Licence(vuqKfIr] vuqKk i=k)% Thisusedtobea
pubbutthelandlordhaslosthislicence.
License (vuqKk i=k nsuk)% These shops are li-
censedtoselltobacco.
133. Locale(LFkku] fLFkfr)% Thedirectorislookingfor
asuitablelocaleforhisnewfilm.
Local (LFkkuh;) There is no local train for this
station.
134. Loose (<hyk] eqDr] ca/ueqDr] LoPNan)% She likes
to wear a loose frock.
Lose([kks nsuk] oafpr gks tkuk] volj [kks nsuk)% He
lostaleginanaccidentinthefactory.
Loss (gkfu] ?kkVk] {k;)% Thelossofhiswifewas
agreatblowtohim.
135. Mail(Mkd FkSyk] iklZy] Mkd xkM+h)% Hesentmea
letterbyairmail.
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Male (iqfYayx] uj)% Amalehorsecanrunvery
fast.
136. Marshal(lsUkk;{k] iqfyl dk eq[; vf/dkjh] dkjkxkj
vfkdkjh)% Afieldmarshalorderedhimtojump 146. Pail (ckYVh] Mksy)% They offered me a pail of
fromthewall.
137. Martial (;q ;k lsuk&laca/h] ;q fiz;] ;ksk)% Ilike
tohearamartialsong.
Marital (oSokfgd] ifr&iRuh lEcU/h)% Ram and
Sitaescapefromtheirmaritalresponsibilities.
138. Maze (HkVdko] my>ko] pO;wg] Hkwy&HkwyS;k)% We
gotlostinHamptoncourtmaze.
Maize (eDdk] edbZ)% MuchMaizeis produced
inthePunjab.
138. Maze (HkVdko] my>ko] pO;wg] Hkwy&HkwYkS;k)% We
gotlostinHamptoncourtmaze.
Maize (eDdk] edbZ)% Much maizeis produced
inthePunjab.
139. Miner ([kku deZpkjh] [kfud)% The life of coal
minersisverybad.
Minor(vo;Ld] ukckfyd O;fDr)] NksVh oLrq] y?kq
in)% I am still a minor, and so I cannot think
aboutmarriage.
140. Mourn('kksd gksuk] nq%[k gksuk] ekre djuk] 'kksd ls
foyki djuk)% Weallmournthedestructionofa
well-lovedbuilding.
Morn (izkr%] lqcg] losjk)% Ihave beenpainting
theroomallmorn.
141. Naughty(uV[kV] 'kjkjrh] nq"V)% Youwerenaughty
topullthecat'stail.
Knotty(xkaBnkj] dfBu] mcM+&[kkcM+] tfVy] isphnk)%
Trellmehowyoucansolvethisknottyquestion.
142. Naval (tgkth] leqnzh] ukS&lsuk laca/h)% A naval
officerdiedinacaraccident.
Navel (ukfHk)% Hehitherinthenavel.
143. Night (jkr] fu'kk] va/dkj)% OnthenightofFri-
dayIstayedatahotel.
Knight[lkear] 'kwjohj] ?kksMk+ ('krjat dk)]:Aknight
killedfiverobbers.
144. Pain(nnZ] ihM+k] rdyhiQ] osnuk] O;Fkk)% Shefeels
somepainintheback.
Pane(f[kM+dh esa yxh dkap dh iV~Vh)% Ibrokemy
windowpanelastnight.
145. Pair(tksM+k] ;qXe] ;qxy] uj&eknk)% Iboughtapair
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ofshoesandgaveittomybrother.
Pare (Nhyuk] drjuk] dkVuk] NkaVuk] ?kVkuk] de
djuk)% TodayIparedmyfingernails.
milk.
Pale (ihyk] iQhdk] /qa/yk] ean] fuLrst)% She has
palecomplexion.
147. Peace ('kkafr] ;qfojke] laf/] lqyg)% After years
offightingthepeoplelongedforpeace.
Piece (VqdM+k] [kaM] fgLlk] jpuka'k] va'k)% Helost
oneofthepiecesofhismodelengine.
148. Pectoral (Nkrh ;k lhus ij iguus ds fy,)% The
bishop'spectoralcrosssetwithjewelsattracted
everybody'sattention.
Pictorial(fp=kh;] fp=kkRed] lkfo=k] fp=ke;] ltho)%
I say a pictorial record of the wedding of my
friend.
149. Physique ('kjhj&xBu] MkSy&MkSy)% Hedoes not
havethephysiqueforsuchheavywork.
Physic (vkS"kf/] mipkj] bykt)% We should take
effective physic.
150. Pick([kksnuk] rksM+uk] pquuk] pqjkuk)% Onlythebest
playerswerepickedtoplaythenextmatch.
Peak (pksVh] f'k[kj] 'kh"kZ] uksd)% The climbers
madecamphalfwayupthepeak.
151. Plain(lery] likV] pkSjl] ljy] lh/k)% Theroad
isquiteplain.
Plan (;kstuk] uD'kk] ekufp=k] :ijs[kk)% Whatare
yourplansfortheholidays?
Plane(ry] lery] fpduk] ok;q;ku] gokbZ tgkt)%
Humanspecieshasreachedahigherplaneofde-
velopment.
152. Plantiff (oknh] eqbZ] vfHk;ksxh)% Theplaintiffof
thiscaseisabsenttoday.
Plaintive('kksdiw.kZ_ 'kksdkdqy)% Whyareyoulaugh-
inglikeafoolinthisplaintiveatomsphere?
153. Plait(pquu] pquV] flyoV] f'kdu] >qjhZ)% Thereare
twoplaitsinyourshirt.
Plate (ifV~Vdk] pknj] r'rjh] Fkkyh)% Weshould
usepaperplatesinafunction.
154. Polish(ped] ikWfy'k)% Shedoesnotuseanynail
polish.
Police (iqfyl] vkj{kh] iqfyl ds flikgh] vkj{kd)%
163
162

Therewereover100policemenondutyatthe 163. Relive(fiQj ls thuk] iqu% thou ikuk] fiQj ls gks'k esa
railwaystation.
155. Pore (ja/z] fNnz] jkse dwi)% He was sweating at
every pore.
Pour(cgkuk] izokfgr djuk_ cguk)% Iturneddown
overthebucketandthewaterpouredalloverthe 164. Right(Bhd] lgh] U;k;iw.kZ] U;k;ksfpr] vPNk)% You
floor.
156. Practice (vH;kl)% The idea would never work
inpractice.
Practise (vH;kl djuk)% I am not practising
enoughtowinthisrace.
157. Pray(fourh djuk] ;kpuk djuk] oanuk djuk] iwtk
djuk)% TheyprayedtoGodforanendtotheir
sufferings.
Prey(f'kdkj_ f'kdkj djuk_ ywVikV] djuk)% The
lionwaseatingitsprey.
158. Quarry([kqyh [kku] [kknku] lwpuk dk lzkr
s )% Sheis
thedaughteroftheownerofamarblequarry.
Query(iwNrkN] tkap&iM+rky] lansg)% Yourreport
raisesseveralimportantqueries.
159. Quite (iw.kZr;k] iwjh rjg] lepqp] oLrqr%)% The
theatrewasnotquitefull.
Quiet('kkafr] ekSu] fLFkj] xaHkhj] lkSE;)% Theteacher
askedtheboytobequiet.
160. Refuse (budkj djuk)% She refused to marry
him.
Refuge (vkJ;)% They sought refuge from the
storm.
161. Region({ks=k] bykdk] izn's k] vf/dkj {ks=k)% Ihave
painintheabdominalregion.
Reason(dkj.k] rdZ] nyhy] ;qfDr)% Givetherea-
sonsforthedownfalloftheMughalEmpire.
162. Reign(jkT;] 'kklu] lkezkT;] 'kkludky)% Therevo-
lutionwasfollowedbyareignofterror.
Rain (o"kkZ] o`f"V] ckSNkj] cjlkr)% Don'tgooutin
therain.
Rein (yxke] ckxMksj] jkl)% Theriderpulledthe
reinofthehorse.
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vkuk)% Irelivedthatfatefuldayoverandoverin
mymind.
Relieve(vkjke nsuk] NqVdkjk nsuk] eqDr djuk] ?kVkuk)%
Thisdrugwillrelieveyourpain.
werequiterightindecidingtorefuseheroffer.
Rite (/kfeZd laLdkj)% His last rites were per-
formedlastnight.
Write(fy[kuk] jpuk djuk] i=k Mkyuk)% Theteacher
askedtheboytowritealetter.
165. Rubble(jksM+]s vux<+s iRFkj)% Thisroadismadeof
rubble.
Rabble(HkhM+] tekoM+k] fuEu oxZ)% Thecruelrabble
destroyedthebuilding.
166. Sail(iksr ls vkxs c<+uk] iksr ls lSj djuk)% Theship
sailsalongthecoast.
Sale(fo;] fch] fofue;)% Iamsorrythispaint-
ingisnotforsale.
Sell(cspuk] fo; djuk] iQjks[r djuk)% Canshe
bepersuadedtosellthehorse?
167. Sore (nq%[kh)% Shebecomesabitsoretoremem-
bertheaccident.
Soar(gok esa mQij&uhps tkuk] mM+uk)% Thejetsoared
inthesky.
168. Soul (vkRek)% Doyoubelieveintheimmortality
ofthesoul?
Sole (,dkadh] vdsyk)% The failure of the brake
wasthesolecauseoftheaccident.
169. Story(dgkuh)% Shetoldmeabeautifullovestory.
Storey(eafty)% Hehasbuiltafivestoreybuild-
ing.
170. Weak(detksj)% Sheistooweaktowalk.
Week(lIrkg)% Meenakshicomestoseemetwice
a week.
171. Zealous (mRlkgh)% Indianswerezealousforlib-
ertybefore1947.
Jealous(bZ";kZyq] Mkgh)% HewasjealousofRam's
success.
164
163

7.VERBS,ADJECTIVES&NOUNSFOLLOWED
BYPREPOSITIONS
VerbsFollowedbyPrepositions
1. Abound(cgqrk;r esa gksuk] vf/drk esa gksuk) inor
withsomething
2. Absolve (iki] nks"k vkfn ls eqDr djuk) oforfrom
a charge
3. Abstain (ijgst djuk) fromwine,somking
4. Accede (Lohdkj djuk) toarequest
5. Accord(lger gksuk_ esy [kkuk) withsomething
6. Accrue (lwn vkfn ds :i esa c<+uk) tosomebody
7. Accuse (vfHk;ksx yxkuk] nks"kkjksi.k djuk) some-
bodyofsomething(theft,murder,etc.)
8. Acquiesce(lger ;k jkth gksuk) insomething(a
decision,etc.)
9. Acquit(vijk/ ;k vfHk;ksx ls eqDr djuk) aperson
ofallcharges/allcomplicity.
10. Adapt (vuqdwy cukuk) tonewsurroundings
11. Adhere (fpiduk] fdlh er ij n`<+ jguk) to a
plan/arule/aprinciple
12. Admit(eku ysuk] Lohdkj ysuk) oforintoasecret
13. Admonish(lk/jk.k psrkouh nsuk] MkaVuk) oforfor
afault
14. Agree (lger gksuk] ,der gksuk) toaproposal
Agree (lger gksuk] ,d er gksuk) onsomematter
15. Aim(y{; cukuk] ms'; cukuk] fu'kkuk yxkuk) ata
target
Aimatdoingsomething
16. Alight (lokjh ij ls mrjuk) fromabus/atrain,
etc.
Alight (mrjuk) ontheground
17. Allude (ladsr dj dguk) toafact
18. Answer(mkj nsuk) toaperson
Answer(mkj nsuk) formisconduct/something.
19. Apologize({kek ;k ekiQh ekaxuk) tosomebody
Apologize ({kek ekaxuk) for something (rude-
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ness,etc.)
20. Appeal(iqufoZpkj dh izkFkZuk djuk ;k vihy djuk)
tothejudge/somebody
Appeal (iqufoZpkj dh izkFkZuk djuk) for mercy/
something.
Appeal (iqufoZpkj dh viyh djuk] ;ku vk"V
djuk) againstasentence
21. Apply(vkosnu djuk) toaperson
Apply (vkosnu djuk) forsomepost/something
23. Argue(rdZ ;k cgl djuk) withapersonforor
againstapoint
24. Arrive(igqapuk] izkIr djuk) ataconclusion
Arrive (igqapuk) atastation/aplace
Arrive (igqapuk) inacountry
25. Ask (ekaxuk] ;kpuk djuk) forsomething(assis-
tance, etc.)
Ask(iwNrkN djuk) oforfromsomebody
26. Associate (feyuk] lekxe djuk) withagroup
27. Attribute (Js; nsuk) Somethingto somebody/
somebody'shelp,etc.
28. Blame (nks"k yxkuk) apersonforsomething
Blame (nks"k yxkuk) somethingonsomebody
29. Blush[(vkuan] yTtk vkfn ls) eq[k eaMy yky gksuk]
atsomethought,anembarassingsituation,etc.
Blush[(yTtk ls) eq[k eaMy yky gksuk] for/
withshame
30. Border (fdukjk gksuk] lhek gksuk) onaplace
31. Borrow (m/kj ysuk] .k ysuk) of or from a
friend/somebody
32. Breakthenews(lekpkj nsuk) ofsomebody'sdeath
Breakbadnews(cqjk lekpkj nsuk) toafriend/to
somebody
Break(rksMu
+ k fudkyuk) (sever/cutrelations)with
somebody
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164

33. Bring(ykuk) athingtolight
Bring (izLrqr djuk) athingundernotice
34. Burstintolaughter(BBkdj galuk)
Burstintotears(iwQV&iwQV dj jksuk)
35. Buy ([kjhnuk) somethingformapersonorshop
36. Call(fdlh O;fDr ds ;gka tkuk) onaperson
37. Canvassforvotes(er&;kpuk djuk)
38. Care(ilan djuk] ns[kjs[k djuk) forapersonor
thing
Care (fpUrk djuk] #fp ysuk] ns[kjs[k djuk) about
(feelinterest,anxietyorsorrow)something
39. Caution(lko/ku djuk) apersonagainstadan-
ger
40. Challenge (yydkjuk) amantocombat/fight
41. Charge(vke.k djuk_ vfHk;ksx yxkuk) aman
withacrime
Charge(ewY; ekaxuk] yxkuk) paymenttoaperson 63. Converse (ckrphr djuk] okrkZyki djuk) witha
42. Clear(eqDr djuk] cjh djuk) apersonofblame
43. Cling(fpiduk) toapersonorthing.
44. Closewith (Lohdkj djuk) anoffer.
45. Coincide(lger gksuk) withone'sopinion.
46. Compbat(yM+uk) withdifficulties
47. Comeintofashion(izpyu esa vkuk)
48. Commence(vkjEHk djuk) withathing
49. Communicate (lwpuk ;k [kcj nsuk) athingto
somebody
Communicate(ckr&phr djuk)
50. Compare(rqyuk djuk)
51. Compensate(iwfrZ djuk] uqdlku Hkjuk)aperson
forhisloss
52. Compete(Li/kZ ;k izfr;ksfxrk djuk) withsome-
bodyforaprize/something
53. Complain (vkifk djuk] vlarks"k izdV djuk] f'kdk;r
djuk) tosomebody
Complain(f'kdk;r djuk) againstsomebody
Complain (f'kdk;r djuk) of/aboutsomething
54. Conceal(fNikuk) factsfromsomebody
55. Concede (Lohdkj djuk] eku ysuk) tosomede-
mand
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56. Concur(lger gksuk] jkth gksuk) withaperson
Concur(lger gksuk] jkth gksuk) inanopininon
57. Condemn (naM nsuk] vijk/h Bgjkuk) apersonto
death
58. Conform(vuqdwy cukuk] vuq:i gksuk] ikyu djuk)
toanorm/arule
Conform(lger gksuk) withone'sopinion
59. Congratulate (c/kbZ nsuk] eqckjdokn nsuk) some-
bodyonhissuccess.
60. Consist (ls cuk gksuk) ofmaterials
Consistin (esa jguk) something
61. Consult (jk;] e'kfojk djuk) on/about some
matterwithone'sfriends
Note: Consult a person/a lawyer/a map/a dic-
tionary. (take advice, get information etc. vFkkZr~
lykg ysuk] lwpuk izkIr djuk)
62. Contribute(va'knku djuk] lgk;d gksuk) toafund
personaboutsomething
64. Cope (liQyrkiwoZd izcU/ djuk] laHkkyuk) witha
situation/difficulties
65. Correspond(i=kkpkj djuk_ vuq:i gksuk) witha
person/something
Correspond(lerqY; gksuk) tosomething
66. Count (fUkHkZj djuk] vkfJr gksuk) onsomebody/
something
67. Cure (vkjksX; djuk] lajf{kr djuk) a man of a
disease
68. Cut (dVuk_ dkVuk] NkaVuk) thinginorintopieces
Cut(dkVuk) athinginhalf
69. Dash(VDdj nsuk] Vdjkuk) againstawall/shore/
something
70. Dash (rsth ls xqtjuk) overanything
71. Debar (euk djuk] fu"ks/ djuk) fromdoingaything
72. Decide (fu.kZ; djuk) the issue in somebody's
favour
73. Defer (LFkfxr djuk) toalaterdate
74. Degenerate (Hkz"V gks tkuk] fxjuk) intoalower
position
75. Defraud (/ks[kk nsuk] Bxuk) apersonofhismoney
76. Depend(vkfJr gksuk) onapersonorthing
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165

77. Deprive (oafpr djuk) apersonofathing
78. Desist (NksM+ nsuk) fromanattempt
79. Despair(fujk'k gksuk) ofsuccess
80. Deviate(iFkHkz"V gksuk] xqejkg gksuk) fromacertain
course
81. Determine (r; djuk] fuf'pr djuk) ondoing
something
82. Die(ejuk) ofadisease/anillness/hunger/star-
vation/thirst/grief/shame
Die (ejuk) fromawound/overeating/overdrink-
ing/foodpoisoning
Die(ejuk) byviolence/one'sownhand
Die (ejuk) throughneglect.
Die(ejuk) forone'scountry/one'sbelief
Die(ejuk) inone'sbed/battle/accident.
Die (ejuk) inharness
Diewith (ds lkFk lekIr gks tkuk@foyqIr gks tkuk)
somebody
83. Differ (vlger gksuk] erHksn gksuk) with/froma
persononasubject
Differ(vleku gksuk) fromsomething
84. Different (fHkUu) fromsomething
85. Dig([kksnuk) forsomething
86. Digress (izlax ls cgduk) fromthepath
87. Disagree (vlger gksuk) withaperononsome
matter
88. Disapprove (vLohdkj djuk] ukeatwj djuk) of
something
89. Dispute (>xM+uk) with a person about some-
thing
90. Dissent (folEer gksuk) fromanopinion
91. Dissuade (jksduk] fopkj cnyoku) fromanaction
92. Distinguish (iQdZ crykuk] fHkUurk izdV djuk)
betweentwothings
Distinguish (iQdZ crykuk] fHkUurk izdV djuk)
onethingfromanother
93. Dwell (cluk) insomeplace
94. Embark ('kq: djuk) on/upon the right path/
somebusiness
95. Encroach (vfre.k djuk) onone'sauthority
96. Enlist (HkrhZ djuk) inthearmy
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97. Enter ('kkfey gksuk) intoanewera/aconversa-
tion/one'splan
Enter ('kq#vkr djuk) uponacareer
98. Entrust(lkSia uk] lqin
q Z djuk) somethingwithsome-
thing
Entrust(lqiqnZ djuk) (somethingtosomebody
99. Escape (cpdj fudy tkuk) fromacage/jail
100. Excel(mR"V gksuk) insomething
101. Exchange (fofu;e djuk) onethingforanother
Exchange (fofu;e djuk) somethingwithaper-
son
102. Excuse ({kek djuk) forsomething
Excuse (eqDr djuk_ NwV nsuk) fromsomething
103. Exempt (eqDr djuk] cjh djuk) apersonfroma
fine
104. Exonerate (funksZ"k Bgjkuk cjh djuk) a person
fromblame/somecharge
105. Fail (vliQy gksuk) inanattempt
Fail(vliQy gksuk) ofapurpose
106. Fall(iaQl tkuk) amongthieves
Fallinlovewithaperson(fdlh O;fDr ds fy, izse
ls Hkj tkuk)
Fall(gksuk) intoerror
Fall(geyk djuk] VwV iM+uk) ontheenemy
Fall (vpkud iM+ tkuk) uponevildays
107. Fill(Hkjuk) withsomething
108. Fire (xksyh pykuk) on/attheenemy/somebody
109. Flirt(izse dk Lokax djuk) withsomebody
110. Free (eqDr djuk) of / from something/some-
body
111. Glance (fuxkg Mkyuk] 'kh?kzrk ls ns[kuk) at an
object
Glance fuxkg Mkyuk] 'kh?kzrk ls ns[kuk) over a
letter
112. Glory ([kq'kh eukuk] izlUu gksuk) insuccess
113. Grieve (nq%[kh gksuk] 'kksd eukuk) at/for/aboutan
event
Grieve (nq%[kh gksuk] 'kksd eukuk) forsomebody
114. Grumble (>qa>ykuk) atsomebody/something
115. Guard(lqj{kk djuk) againstsomething
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116. Guess(vuqeku yxkuk) atsomething
117. Hanker (ykylk gksuk] rhoz mRdaBk gksuk) after
riches/wealth
118. Happen(gksuk] ?kfVr gksuk) tosomebody
119. Hide(fNikuk) somethingfromsomebody
120. Hint(b'kkjk djuk) atsomething
121. Hope(vk'kk djuk) forsomething
122. Hover (eaMjkuk) overanest
123. Hunt([kkstuk) afterorforsomething
124. Import (vk;kr djuk) goodsintoacountry
Import (vk;kr djuk) goods/thingsfromacoun-
try
125. Impress (eu ij xgjk izHkko Mkyuk) anideaon
somebody
Impress (eu ij xgjk izHkko Mkyuk) somebody
withanidea
126. Impute(vjksi yxkuk] nks"k yxkuk] nks"kkjksi.k djuk)
blametoapersonsomething
127. Inform (lwpuk nsuk] lwfpr djuk) somebodyof
something
Inform(lwpuk nsuk] lwfpr djuk) againstsome-
body
128. Insist(vkxzg djuk] tksj Mkyuk) onapoint
129. Intermingle (ijLij fefJr djuk ;k gksuk) one
thingwithanother
130. Invite(vkeaf=kr djuk) apersontodinner/aparty
131. Involve(iQalkuk) somebodyindebt/something
132. Jeer(f[kYyh mM+kuk_ galh mM+uk) ataperson
133. Join(fgLlk ysuk] 'kkfey gksuk) inagame
Join(feykuk] tksM+uk) onethingtoanother
134. Judge(fu.kZ; djuk) ofsomethingbysomething 152. Interfere (gLr{ksi djuk) with a person in his
135. Jump (dw nuk) atanoffer
Jump(igqapuk) toaconclusion 153. Intersect (foHkkftr djuk) witheachother
136. Knock(ekjuk) one'sheadagainstawall 154. Intrigure ("kM;a=k djuk) withtheopposition/
Knock ([kM+[kM+ dh vkokt djuk_ [kM+[kM+kuk) at
thedoor
137. Labour(ifjJe djuk) underamisapprehension
Labour(ifjJe djuk) forthepublicgood
Labour(ifjJe djuk) inagoodcause
Labour(ifjJe djuk) atsometask
138. Lament (foyki djuk] [ksn izdV djuk) forthe
dead/somethinglost
139. Languish(fu#Rlkfgr gks tkuk) forhome
Languish(fu#Rlkfgr gksuk_ lqLr gksuk) inprison/
jail
140. Lead(ys tkuk] igqapkuk) tosomeplace
Lead(my>k nsuk] iQalk nsuk) intosomething
141. Lean(lgkjk ysdj [kM+k gksuk) againstthewall
Lean(>qduk_ lgkjk ysdj [kM+k gksuk) onastaff
Lean(>qduk] fdlh vksj eqM+uk) toacertainopin-
ion
142. Listen (lquuk) toaperson/complaints/some-
thing
143. Live(thuk)forrichesorfameorsomething
Live(thfodk dekuk)byhonestlabour
Live (fdlh pht dks [kkdj ;k ihdj thou&;kiu
djuk) onfruit/vegetables/juice/milk/oxygen/
water
Live(thou xqtkjk djuk) withinone'smeans
144. Long(pkg j[kuk) forsomething
145. Indulge(fyIr gksuk) inundesirableactivites
Indulge(fyIr gksuk) oneselfwithwine
146. Infer(fu"d"kZ fudkyuk) onefactfromanother
147. Inflict (d"V nsuk] naM nsuk) painonaperson
148. Inquire(Nkuchu djuk) intoacase/something
149. Infring(vfrya?ku djuk) onone'srights
150. Insqire(iwNrkN djuk) ofapersonaboutorcon-
cerningsomematter
151. Inspire(izsfjr djuk) amanwithcourage/some-
thing)
affairs
somebody
155. Introduce (ifjp; djkuk) amantoothers.
Introduce(fuos'k djuk] Mkyuk) somethingintoa
story
Introduce (vkjaHk djuk) into/ tosomeplace /
something
156. Invest (in ij cSBkuk] vf/dkj nsuk) amanwith

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authority
157. Marry ('kknh djuk] fookg djuk) onepersonto
another
158. Marvel(vpaHkk gksuk) atsomesightorreport
159. Match(esy feykuk @ djkuk) onethingwithan-
other
160. Mediate (;ku djuk) onanissue
162. Mortgage (fxjoh ;k ca/d j[kuk) landtoaper-
son
163. Mourn('kksd djuk) forthedead
164. Murmur (f'kdk;r djuk) at or against some-
thing
165. Occur(;ku esa vkuk) toone'smind
166. Object (vifk djuk@ trkuk) tosomething
167. Penetrate(pqHkksuk] cs/u djuk_ vkj&ikj tkuk_ pqHkuk)
intosomething
168. Originate(mRiUu gksuk) inathingorplace
Originate('kq# djuk @ gksuk) withsomebody
169. Part(tqnk gksuk) withsomebodyorsomething
170. Participate (Hkkx ysuk] lfEefyr gksuk) with a
personinsomething
171. Perish(u"V gks tkuk ;k u"V djuk) bythesword
Perish (u"V gks tkuk] cckZn gks tkuk) withpoverty
172. Plot ("kM;a=k djuk) againstsomebody
173. Plunge (xksrk yxkuk] Mqcdh yxkuk) intoariver,
somework
174. Ponder (fpUru djuk] euu djuk) on/over a
subject
175. Pray (izkFkZuk djuk) toGodforsomething
176. Prepare(rS;kj gksuk) fortheworst
Prepare(rS;kj gksuk] lk/u tqVkuk) againstdisas-
ter
177. Proceed(vkxs c<+kuk] tkjh j[kuk) withabusiness
(alreadybegun)
Proceed(vxzlj gksuk) onaprinciple
Proceed (izkjaHk djuk) to a business (not yet
begun)
Proceed(mRiUu gksuk) fromsomething
Proceed (dkuwuh dk;Zokgh djuk) againstsome-
body
178. Prohibit(fu"ks/ djuk) fromdoingsomebody
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179. Protect(cpkuk) fromdisaster/something
180. Protest (fojks/ djuk) against injustice some-
thing
181. Provide(vko';drk dh iwfrZ djuk) forone'sfamily
children
Provide (cpr djuk] rS;kj j[kuk) againstarainy
day
Provide(iznku djuk)oneselfwithsomething
182. Punish(ltk nsuk) somebodyforsomething
183. Qualify(;ksX; cukuk) oneselfforapost
184. Quarrel (>xM+k djuk) with somebody over/
aboutsomething
185. Quote (mr djuk) fromanauthor/abook
186. Rail(nks"k fudkyuk_ rh[kk f'kdk;r djuk) against
somebody
187. Reason (rdZ djuk_ fopkj&foe'kZ djuk) with
somebodyaboutsomething
188. Rebel(fonzkg
s djuk) againstauthority
189. Reconcile(fuiVkjk djuk) toasituation
Reconcile(eS=kh djuk) withanopponent
190. Recover(paxk gksuk) fromailment
191. Refer(mYys[k djuk] gokyk nsuk] ladr
s djuk) toa
subject
192. Refrain(nwj jguk] cprs jguk) fromsomething
193. Rejoice ([kq'k gksuk) atthesuccessofaperson
Rejoice ([kq'k gksuk) inone'sownsuccess
194. Relapse (iwoZfLFkfr esa ykSVkuk) intoidleness
195. Relieve (eqDr djuk) oforfrom duty
196. Rely(fuHkZj djuk) onsomebodyorsomething
197. Remind(;kn fnykuk) someoneofsomething
198. Replace(izfrLFkkfir djuk) somethingbysome-
thing
199. Yield(>qduk) topersuation/something
Yield(vkReliiZ.k djuk) tosomebody
200. Repose (foJke djuk) onabed
201. Reprimand (iQVdkjuk) apersonforafault
202. Result(?kfVr gksuk) fromasituation
Result (ifj.kke fudyuk) inconsequence
203. Retaliate (izfr'kks/ ysuk) onanenemy
204. Revolt (fonzkg
s djuk) againstauthority
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205. Rob (oafpr dj nsuk) ofdues
206. Rule('kklu djuk) overacountry
207. Save (cpkuk) somebodyorsomethingfromharm
208. Substitute(LFkkuki=k djuk) somethingforsome-
thing
209. Talk(ckrphu djuk) to/withaperson
Talk(ckrphu djuk) of/aboutaneventorsome-
thing
210. Translate (vuqokn djuk) Into alanguage
211. Supply (miyC/ djkuk] vkiw f rZ djuk) some-
thingtosomething
212. Sympathise (lgkuqHkwfr fn[kkuk) withsomebody
inhistrobules
213. Trespass (gLr{ksi djuk) againstrules
Trespass(vfre.k djuk) on/uponsomebody's
privacy/land/time
214. Wait(bUrtkj djuk] izrh{kk djuk) atbutstop/table
Wait (bUrtkj djuk] izrh{kk djuk) forapersonor
thing
215. Warn (psrkouh nsuh) apersonofdisaster/danger/
consequence
Warn(psrkouh nsuk) apersonagainstaperson/
thing/doingsomething
Adjectives&ParticiplesFollowedBy
Prepositions
1. Absorbed (rYyhu] exu) inabook/one'sbusi-
ness/one'sstudies/something
2. Acceptable (Lohdk;Z) to a person
3. Accessible (lqyHk] lqxe) to somebody
4. Accessory (lgk;d) to a crime
5. Accomplished (dq'ky) inanart/something
6. Accountable mkjnk;h) toaperson
Accountable(mkjnk;h) forathing
7. Accruing(tek gksus okyk] c<+us okyk) toaperson
fromsomething
8. Accurate (;FkkFkZ] Bhd) inone'sstatistics
9. Accused (vfHk;qDr) of a crime (murder/ theft/
robbery,etc.)
10. Acquainted(tkuadkj] ifjfpr) withaperson/a
thing
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Acquitted(fjgkbZ] NqVdkjk) ofacharge
11. Addicted (O;luh] vkfn) to gambling/smoking/
drinking
12. Adequate (i;kZIr) toaperon'swants
13. Adjacent(fudV] ikl&ikl) tosomething
14. Adverse (izfrdwy to a person's interests
15. Affectionate (fiz;] Lusgh) toaperson
16. Afraid (Hk;Hkhr) ofsomething(death,etc.)
17. Afflicted(nq%[kh] ihfM+r) withpain/rheumatism
18. Aggravated (vio`f] mez) at a thing
Aggravated (fcxkM+) withaperson
19. Agreeable (lqgkoku] #fpdj] Lohdk;Z) to one's
wishes
20. Akin(leku gksuk) toaperson'sorthing
21. Alarmed(lrdZ) atarumour
22. Alien (izfrdwy] vlaxr) toaperson'scharacter
23. Alienated (foyx] vlac) from the party
24. Alive (thfor] lpsr) totheproblems
25. Amazed (pfdr] vk'pf;Z r ) at a person's
behaviour/something
26. Ambitious (egokdka{kh) ofsomething
27. Amused(fouksfnr) atsomething
28. Angry (ksf/r] q) at a thing
Angry (ksf/r] q) with a person
29. Annoyed(ukjkt) ataremark/something
Annoyed (ukjkt) with a person for saying or
doingsomething
30. Answerable(ftEesnkj] mkjnk;h) toapersonfor
something
31. Anxious fpfUrr) forone'ssafety
Anxious (mRlqd] cspSu) abouttheresult
32. Appalled (Hk;Hkhr) atthesight
33. Apparent (n`';eku) toeveryone
34. Applicable (ykxw] iz;ksT;) toasituation
35. Apprehensive (vk'kafdr] Hk;Hkhr) ofthe result
36. Apprised (lwfpr) ofamatter
37. Appropriate (vuqdwy) toanoccasion
38. Assiduous (yfTtr) ofone'sconduct
39. Assiduous (ifjJeh) inone'sstudies
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40. Associated (lg;ksxh] Lkk>h) insomebusiness
Associated (lEc) with a person
41. Assured (vk'oLr] lqfuf'pr) ofthetruth
42. Astonishing (pfdr djus okyk] fofLer djus okyk)
toaperson
43. Astonished (pfdr] fofLer] HkkSapDdk) at one's
rudeness,misconduct
44. Averse (izfrdwy] foeq[k) to hard work/ some-
thing
45. Bereft (oafpr] eg:e) ofone'sparents
46. Blessed (lq[kh] vkUkUne;) withgoodhealth
Blessed (lkSHkkX;'kkyh) inone'schildren
47. Blind (va/k) in one eye/ the right eye/ the left
eye
Blind (vufHkK] va/k] ns[kdj vuns[kk cuuk) to
somebody'sfaults
48. Born(iSnk gqvk] tUek gqvk) ofrichparents
49. Busy (O;Lr) with/atone'slessons/work
50. Capable(;ksX;] leFkZ) ofimprovement
51. Cautious (lko/ku) ofsomething
52. Characterised(pfj=k&fp=k.k fd;k x;k) byathing
53. Charged ([kkrs esa fy[kk) toone'saccount
Charged(cUnwd] vkfn Hkjk gqvk) withabullet
Charged(lqiqnZ fd;k x;k) withsomeimportant
work/tasks/duty
Charged(vkjksfir) withacrime
54. Committed (opuo) to a course of action
55. Comparable(rqyuh;) tosomethingelse
56. Compatible (vuq:i] vuqdy
w ] laxr) withone's
temper
57. Competent (l{ke] leFkZ] ;ksX;] fuiq.k) forcer-
tainwork
58. Composed (cuk gqvk) ofmaterials
59. Committed (opuc) to something
60. Concerned (fpafrr] ijs'kku) at/aboutsomething/
somemishap
Concerned(fpafrr] ijs'ku) about/forsomebody
Concerned (O;Lr) insomebusiness
Concerned (fpafrr) for one's welfare
61. Conducive (izjsd] lgk;d) to a situation/suc-
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cess
62. Confident (fuf'pr] fo'oLr) of success
63. Congenial (vqu:i] vuqdy
w ) toone'stastes
64. Congratulated (c/kbZ fn;k x;k) onone's suc-
cess
65. Conscious (lpsru] pSrU;) ofafault/something
66. Contrary (fo#) to a rule
67. Convicted (vijk/h Bgjk;k x;k) ofacrime
68. Convinced (larq"V] rdZ ;k izek.k ls lger) ofa
fact
69. Covetous (yksHkh) ofother men'sgoods
70. Creditable (iz'kalk ds ;ksX;) toone'sjudgement
71. Cured(paxk] fujksx) ofadisease
72. Customary (izFkkxr) foraperson
73. Deprived (oafpr) ofrights
74. Derogatory (viekuiw.kZ) toone'scharacter
75. Destitute (vHkkoxzLr) formoney
76. Devoid(jfgr] fcuk] fjr) ofsomething
77. Dexterous (n{k) inoratdoingsomething
78. Effective (izHkko'kkyh) forapurpose
79. Eligible(;ksX;] l{ke) forapost/something
80. Eminent(mR"V) forone'swriting
81. Endowed(laiUu) withnaturalability
82. Engaged (O;Lr) insomework
Engaged(lxkbZ gqvk) toaperosn
83. Entitled (vf/r) to a person
84. Estranged (fofPNUu] fojDr) fromafriend
85. Estranged(fu<ky] Fkdk&ekank) withrunning
86. Exonerated(nks"k eqDr) fromblame
87. Faithful(fo'oklh_ oiQknkj) tosomebody
88. Familiar(ifjfpr) withsomebody/facts
Familar(tkudkj) toalanguage
89. Famous (izfl) for something
90. Fascinated(vkdf"kZr) with/bysomebody
91. Fond (izseh) ofsomething
92. Free (eqDr) from blame
93. Gifted (izfrHkk lEiUu) withabilities
94. Grateful(rK] ,glkuean) tosomebodyforsome-
thing
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95. Greedy (ykyph) of/after/forriches
96. Guilty(nks"kh) oftheft/something
97. Hopeful (vk'kkoku] vk'kkfUor) ofsuccess
98. Horrified (Hk;Hkhr) atthesight
99. Hostile(izfrdwy] izfri{kh) toconducivesituation
100. Hungry (ykykf;r) for/afterwealth
101. Ignorant(vufHkK) ofsomething
102. Ill (chekj) withfever
103. Impertinent (vlaxr] vlac) to something
104. Incumbent(ykfteh] t:jh) on/uponaperson
105. Indebted(vkHkkjh] vuqx`fgr) toaperson
Indebted(vkHkkjh] vuqx`fgr) forsomegoodness/
something
Indebted (.kh) in a lagre sum
106. Innocent (funksZ"k) ofacharge
107. Insensible (psrukghu] cs[kcj) toshame
108. Inspired(izsfjr) withhope
109. Interestecd (#fp j[kus okyk) in somebody or
something
110. Intimate (?kfu"B_ vrjaxr) withaperson
111. Introduced(ifjp; djk;k x;k) toaperson
Introduced(izos'k djk;k x;k) intoaplace
112. Invested (vf/r) with full powers
Invested (fuosf'kr] fuos'k fd;k x;k) instockas
shares
113. Involved(iQalk gqvk] my>k gqvk) insomething
114. Irrelevant (folaxr] vlac) to a topic
115. Liable (tokcnsg) toanerror/aheavyfine
Liable (dkuwuh :i ls ck;, ftEesokj) forpay-
ment
116. Limited (lhfer) toacertainarea
117. Loyal(oiQknkj) tosomebody
118. Mad(ikxy) withdisappointement
119. Married (fookfgr) tosomebody
120. Mindful (lko/ku) ofsomething
121. Mistaken (Hkzeiw.kZ) for/aboutsomething
Mistaken (xyr) inabelief
122. Moved (n; dks nzfor fd;k gqvk) totears
Moved(n; dks nzfor fd;k) withpity/compas-
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sion
Moved(n; nzfor gqvk) atthesight
Moved (n; nzfor gqvk) byentreaties
123. Natural (LokHkkfod) tosomebody
124. Necessary (vko';d] t:jh) tosomething
125. Negligent (ykijokg) ofduty
Negligent (ykijokg) inone'swork
126. Obliged(vkHkkjh] ,glkuean) toaperson
Obliged(vkHkkjh] ,glkuean) forsomething
127. Oblivious (foLej.k'khy) ofthepast
128. Obnoxious (fuanuh;] gkfudj) toaperson
129. Occupied(O;Lr) withsomeworkindoingsome-
thing
130. Offended (ukjkt] ksf/r) withaperson
Offended(ukjkt] ksf/r) atsomethingdone
131. Offensive (vkked) to a person
132. Overwhelmed (nck gqvk] vfHkHkwr) withgrief
133. Pertinent(mi;qDr] izklafxd)toaquestion/topic
134. Polite (fouez] f'k"V) inmanners
Polite (fouez) toall/somebody
135. Popular(yksdfiz;) withone'sfriends/class-mates
136. Precious (cs'kdherh] vewY;) to somebody
137. Preferable (vf/ekU; ls vf/d vPnk) to some-
thing
138. Proficient(izoh.k] dq'ky) insomething/asubject
139. Profitable (ykHknk;d] iQk;nsean) tosomebody/
aninvestor
140. Profuse (izpqj] vR;f/d) withone'smoney
141. Profuse (izpqj] vR;f/d) insomething
142. Prodigal (viO;;h) ofsomething
143. Prompt(rRij) indoingsomething
144. Ready(rS;kj) foraction/something
Ready (rS;kj) inone'sasnwers
145. Related (lEcfU/r) to somebody
146. Relevant (izklafxd] lac) to the statement/ the
point/aquestion
147. Replete (ifjiw.kZ) withexamples
148. Requisite (visf{kr) forsomething
Requisite (visf{kr) forapurpose
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149. Respectful(vknjiw.kZ] lEekuiw.kZ) to/towardsone's
superiors
150. Responsible(mkjnk;h) tosomebodyforsome-
thing
151. Sanguine (vk'kkiw.kZ) ofsuccess
152. Satiated(r`Ir) withpleasure/something
153. Sensitive (laosnu'khy) tocriticism
154. Short (vYi) ofmoney/funds/space
155. Similar(leku) toapersonorthing
156. Suspicious(lansgkLin) ofsomething
NounsFollowedbyPrepositions
1. Abhorence(?k`.kk) ofsomething(ingratitudeetc.)
2. Ability (;ksX;rk] {kerk] lkeF;Z) for or in some
work
3. Abstinence(ijgst] la;e] egkR;kx) fromwine
4. Abundance (izpqjrk] cgqrk;r] ckgqY;] cgqyrk) of
wealth/food
5. Access (igqap] izo's k] iSB) toapersonorplace
6. Accession(vf/feyu] ifjxzg.k] jkT;kjksg.k] in xzg.k)
tothethrone
7. Accomplice (lgvijk/h] lgdehZ) withaperson
inacrime
8. Accusation(vfHk;ksx] vfHk;kstu] nks"kkjksi.k) offorg-
ery
9. Inaccordance (jtkeanh] laxfr] vuq:irk) with
somerule
10. Affinity(yxko] ukrk] vkd"kZ.k) withsomething
Affinity (yxko] vkd"kZ.k) betweentwo person;
to/forsomebody
11. Adherence(fpidko] yxko) toarule/plan/cause
12. Afffection(>qdko] pkg] Lusg] izse) forsomebody
13. Alliance(eS=kh] fookg lEcU/] laf/) withaperson
orstate
14. Allusion(b'kkjk] ladr
s ] funsZ'k] vLi"V mYys[k) to
something
15. Alternative (fodYi) toamethod/something
16. Ambition(egRokdka{kk) forsomething
17. Analogy(vuq:irk] rqY; :irk) betweenthings
18. Animosity(nq'euh] oSeuL;rk)againstsomebody
19. Answer(mkj) toaquestion
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20. Antidote (izfrdkjd] izfrfo"k] fo"kgj) againstin-
fection
Antidote(izfrdkjd] izfrfo"k] fo"kgj) tosomepoison
21. Apology({kek ;kpuk) forsomefault
22. Apprehension (cks/] vk'kadk] fxjrkjh] le>) of
danger
23. Approach(mixeu] vfHkxeu] igqp
a ) tosomeplace/
something
24. Arrival(vkxeu) inacountry
Arrival(vkxeu) ataplace(thestation/theair-
port/thebus-stopetc.)
25. Assault(izgkj] geyk) onapersonorthing
26. Attack (geyk] vke.k) (n/c) on a country/
somebody
27. Attraction(vkd"kZ.k) toortowardsathing
28. Authority (vf/dkj) over a person
Authority (fdlh fo"k; dk egku~ fo}ku) on a
subject
Authority (vf/dkjh) forsayingordoing
29. Aversion (fo#fp] foeq[krk) toorfromaperson
orthing
30. Candidate(izR;k'kh] mEehnokj) forapost
31. Care(ftEesnkjh) forsomebody'ssafety
Care(ijokg djuk] fpUrk djuk) ofone'sbooks
32. Charge (vkjksi] vfHk;ksx) ofmurder
33. Claim(nkok) onoragainstsomebody
Claim(nkok) toproperty/something
34. Compact(le>kSrk) withaperson
35. Comment (leh{kk] fVIi.kh) onsomething
36. Comparison(rqyuk) to/withsomebodyorsome-
thing
Comparisonofonethingwithanother
By/incomparison(rqyuk) with
37. Compassion(d#.kk] n;k) forsomebody
38. Competition(izfr;ksfxrk) withsomebody
Competition(izfr;ksfxrk) forsomething
39. Complicity(cqjs dk;ks esa lg;ksx) inacrime
40. Compliance (vuqikyu] vuqo`fk) witharequest
41. Condemnation(nks"kkjksi.k) todeath
42. Confidence (fo'okl) in somebody
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43. In comfomity (rnuqlkj] mlds vuqdwy) with
anyone'sviews/request
Conformity(vuqdwyrk] vuq:irk) torule/fashion
44. Compensation (eqvkotk] {kfriwfrZ) foraloss
45. Connection (laca/] la;kstu) with a person or
thing
46. Connivance (ekSukuqdwyrk] p'eiks'kh] fdlh vijk/
esa lg;ksx) ofsomebodyat/inacrime
47. Consciousness (osruk] gks'k) ofguilt/something
48. Consideration (fopkj] egRo) for somebody's
feelings
49. Contact(lEidZ) withsomebody/something
50. Contempt(?k`.kk] frjLdkj] mis{kk) forapersonor
thing
51. In contrast (fojks/] izfrdwyrk] fo"kerk) with a
personorthing
52. Contrast (fojks/] izfrdwyrk] fo"kerk) toaperson
orthing
Contrast (fo"kerk] fojks/) between two things
53. Controversy (fookn) onoraboutsomething
Controversy (fookn) withsomebody
54. Contribution(lg;ksx] pUnk] va'knku) toafund
Contribution (lg;ksx] pUnk] va'knku) towards
someproject
55. Conversation (ckrphr] okkkZ) withsomebody
56. Correspondence (i=kkpkj) withaperson
Correspondence(lekurk] vuq:irk) toathingL
Correspondence (lekUkrk] vuq:irk) between
twothings
57. Decision(fu.kZ;] iSQlyk) onsomecase
58. Decline (iru) ofanempire
Decline (voufr] kl) inmoral/price
59. Degradation (fuEuhdj.k] inkofur) from some
position/rank
60. Delight (vkuUn) inmusic/something/somebody
61. Descent (oa'k&e) from ancestros
62. Dependence (fuHkZjrk) onapersonorthing
63. Desire(bPNk) forwealth/something
64. Disagreement (vlgefr) with somebody
65. Disgust (?k`.kk) atmeanness/something
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66. Dislike(ukjktxh] fp<+) of/forapersonorthing
67. Distaste (v#ph) formathematics/something
68. Doubt('kadk) oforaboutsomething
69. Duty (dkZO;) toaperson/acountry
70. Encroachment (vf/e.k] vfre.k) on/upon
one'srights
71. Engagement (opucrk) with somebody
Engagement (O;Lrrk) insomework
Engagement (lxkbZ) toaperson
72. Entrance (izos'k) intoaplace
73. Enmity('k=kqrk) with/forsomebody
74. Esteem (lEeku] Jk) for somebody
75. Exception (viokn) toarule
76. (Make) anexception (viokn)of somebody or
something
77. Excuse(ekiQh) foramistake
78. Exemption (eqDrh] cjh) from a penatly/some-
thing
79. Experience (vuqHko) of something
Experience (vuqHko) indoingsomething
80. Failure(foiQyrk) ofelectricity/aplan
81. Failure (foiQyrk] vliQyrk) ofsomebodyin
something
82. Faith(fo'okl) insomebodyorsomething
83. Familiarity (?kfu"Brk] ifjp;) withapersonor
thing.
84. Freedom(eqfDr] Lora=krk) fromcare
85. Glance(n`f"V) atapersonorthing
Glance (n`f"V) overawidesurface
86. Gratitude(rKrk] vkHkkj) forathing
Gratitude(rKrk] vkHkkj) toaperson
87. Grief (nq%[k) atanevent
Grief (nq%[k) foraperson
88. Guess(vuqeku) atthetruth/something
89. Harmony(lkeUtL;] leUo;) withanything
90. Hartred(?k`.kk) oforforsomebody
Hatred(?k`.kk) ofathing
91. Heir (mkjkf/dkjh) tosomeproperty
Heir (mkjkf/dkjh) ofsomebody
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92. Hindrance (ck/k) to something
93. Hint(ladsr] b'kkjk) atsomereward/something
94. 'Hope'(vk'kk) ofbetterluck/something
95. Hostility('k=kqrk) toapersonorcause
96. Identiy(igpku) withsomebody/something
97. Immersion(fueTtu] nckuk) intowater
Immersion (mYk>ko] my{ku) insomecrime
98. Implication(my>ko] my{ku) onsomeone
99. Imputation(yka{k.k) ofguilt
Imputation (yka{k.k] vfHkjksi) againstsomebody
100. Incentive(izsjd] izkRs lkgd) toaworkerorindus-
try
101. Inclination (>qdko] vfHk#fp) to/forsomething/
study
102. Indifference(mnklherk) tosomething
103. Indulgence (rq"Vhdj.k] i{kikIr) to a beautiful
woman/somebody
Indulgence (yr] vklfDr) inwine/something
104. Influence (izHkko) overorwithsomebody
Influence (izHkko) on anyone's actions/ some-
thing
105. Inquiry(iwNrkN] tkap) intocircumstances/acase/
somematter
106. Insight(varn`f"V] Kku) intosomething/somebody's
character
107. Interference (gLr{ksi) in/with somebody's af-
fairs
108. Intimacy(?kfu"Brk] xgjk Lusg) withsomebody
109. Jurisdiction(U;k; djus dk vf/dkj) inalawsuit
Jurisdiction ({ks=kkf/dkj) overaprovince
110. Justification (vkSfpR;] cpko] leFkZu) of or for
somecrime
111. Key (pkHkh] dqath) tounderstandingoftheprob-
lem/amystery
112. Liability(ck;rk) toanillness/disease
113. Libel (fyf[kr ekugkfu] vieku) against some-
body
114. Liking(ilUn) forsomebody/something
115. Longing(rhoz bPNk) for/aftersomething
116. Lust(ykylk) forlife/money/something
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117. Malice(b";kZ] }s"k] nzkg
s ) againstanenemy/some-
body
118. Neglect (vogsyuk ;k mis{kk) ofduty
Neglect(mis{kk] vogsyuk) indoingathing
119. Nomination(ukekadu) ofamember/somebody
Nominatioin (fu;qfDr) toapost
120. Opportunity (volj] ekSdk) for going abroad/
doingsomething
121. Partnership(lk>snkjh] lk>k) withapersonina
thing
122. Power (vf/dkj] izHkqRo) over a person
123. Precaution (cpko] iwoksZik;) against infection/
something
124. Preface (izLrkouk] Hkwfedk) toabook
125. Preference(ilan] ojh;rk) foronething
Preference(ilan] ojh;rk) to/overanotherthing
126. Preparation(rS;kjh] iwoZ;kstuk) forexamination/
something
127. Proof(izek.k] lcwr) againsttemptation
Proof(izek.k) ofguilt/something
128. Qualification(;ksX;rk] vgZrk) forapost
129. Quarrel(>xM+k] fookn] dyg) withsomebody
Quarrel(>xM+k] fookn] dyg) betweentwoper-
sons
130. Readiness(rRijrk) inresponding/answering
Readiness('kh?kzrk) forajourney/something
131. Reference (gokyk) toapersonorthing
132. In/withregard (lEcU/] lanHkZ esa) tothatmatter
133. Regard(vknj ;k lEeku djuk) foraperson
134. Relation (lEcU/) ofonethingtoaperson
Relation (lEcU/] fj'rk) between two things
Relation (lEcU/] fj'rs) withsomebody
135. Remonstrance (vkifk] ,rjkt) against
somebody'sconduct
Remonstrance(vkifk] ,rjkt) withsomebody
136. Remonstrance(mkj nsuk) toaletter
137. Request (vuqjks/ djuk] fou; lfgr ekaxuk) fora
thing
138. Resemblance(lkn`';] vuq:irk] lkH;) toaper-
sonorthing
175
174

139. Inrespect (ds lEcU/ esa) ofsomequality
140. Rival(izfrLikZ] izfr}a}h) foraposition
Rival (izfrLikZ] izfr}a}h) insomething
141. Rivalry (izfr;ksfxrk] LikZ] izfr}af}rk) withaper-
son
142. Search([kkst] ryk'k) fororafterwealth
Insearch([kkst esa] ryk'k esa) ofwealth/ajob
143. Share (va'k] fgLlk] Hkkx) inthe property/some-
thing
share(fgLlk] Hkkx) withsomebody
Share(fgLlk] Hkkx) ofathing
144. Sin(iki] nq"deZ) againstgod/mankind/humanity
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145. Sympathy(lgkuqHkwfr) withorforsomebody
Sympathy (lgkuqHkwfr) with a cause/a person's
views
146. Temptation (izyksHku] ykyp) toevil
147. Trespass (vfre.k] fcuk vf/dkj izo's k) against
thelaw
148. Warrant(fxjrkjh) forsomebody'sarrest
149. Withaview (n`f"V] fopkj] ms';) toverbting
150. Witeness (lk{kh] xokg] xokgh) ofortoacase/an
event
151. Wonder(vk'p;Z] vpaHkk) atsomebody'sbehaviour
something
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8.SOMEIMPORTANTVERBS&THEIRFORMS

(v1) (v2) (v3) (v4) (v5)

abide(n`<r
+ k ls ikyu djuk) abode abode/abided* abiding* abides
arise(mBuk] n`f"Vxkspj gksuk) arose arisen arising arises
ask(iwNuk) aasked asked asking asks
awake(tkxuk] txkuk) awoke awoke/awaken awaking awakes
avoid(nwj jguk] cpuk) avoided avoided avoiding avoids
bear(tUe nsuk) bore born/borne bearing bears
beat(ihVuk] ekjuk) beat beaten beating beats
become(gksuk) became become becoming becomes
beget(tUe nsuk] iSnk djuk) begot begot/begotten* begetting begets
begin('kq: djuk@ 'kq: gksuk) began begun beginning begins
behave(O;ogkj djuk) behaved behaved behaving behaves
behold(ns[kuk] fugkjuk) beheld beheld/beholden* beholding beholds
behove('kksHk nsuk) behoved behoved behoving behoves
bend(>qduk_ >qdkuk)] eksMu + k) bent bent bending bends
bereave(oafpr djuk] ywV ysuk) bereaved/bereft bereaved/bereft bereaving bereaves
beseach(izkFkZuk djuk] fourh djuk) besought besought beseaching beseaches
bet(ckth yxkuk] nkao yxkuk) bet bet betting bets
bid(uhykeh esa cksyh yxkuk) bid bid bidding bids
bid (vkeaf=kr djuk bade bidden bidding bids
bind (cka/uk) bound bound/bounden* binding binds
bite (nkarksa ls dkVuk) bit bitten biting bites
blame(nks"kh Bgjkuk) blamed blamed blaming blames
bleed([kwu cguk) bled bled bleeding bleeds
blend(fefJr djuk) blended blended blending blends
blow(cguk] pyuk) blew blown blowing blows
blush('keZ ls psgjk yky iM+ tkuk) blushed blushed blushing blushes
break(rksMu + k) broke broken breaking breaks
breathe(lkal ysuk) breathed breathed breathing breathes
breed(iSnk djuk] ikyuk) bred bred breeding breeds
bring(ykuk) brought brought bringing brings
build(cukuk) built built building builds
burn(tyuk@tykuk) burnt/burned burnt/burned burning burns
burst(iQVuk) burst burst bursting bursts
bury(tehu esa xkM+ nsuk) buried buried buying buries
buy([kjhnuk) bought bought buying buys
carry(<+ksuk] ys tkuk) carried carried carrying carries
cast(isQ
a duk] fxjuk) cast cast casting casts

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catch(idM+uk] yiduk) caught caught catching catches

change(cnyuk] ifjorZu gks tkuk) changed changed changing changes
charge(nks"kkjksiu djuk) charged charged charging charges
cheat(Bxuk) cheated cheated cheating cheats
chide(MkaVuk@iQVdkjuk) chided/chid chided/chid chiding chides
choose (pquuk) chose chosen choosing chooses
cleave(iQkM+uk] phM+uk) clove/cleft cloven/cleft cleaving cleaves
climb(p<+uk) climbed climbed climbing climbs
clinch(dhy xkM+uk) chinched clinched clinching clinches
cling(dldj fyiV tkuk) clung clung clinging clings
clink(Vu Vu dh vkokt djuk) clinked clinked clinking clinks
collide(Vdjk tkuk] VDdj gks tkuk) collided collided colliding collides
come(vkuk] igqapuk) came come coming comes
commence(izkjaHk djuk) commenced commenced commencing commences
cost(ykxr gksuk] [kpZ gksuk) cost cost costing costs
count(fxurh djuk) counted counted counting counts
creep(jsx a uk) crept crept creeping creeps
crow(dkao&dkao djuk) crowed crowed crowing crows
cry(fpYykuk) cried cried crying cries
cut(dkVuk) cut cut cutting cuts
dab(FkiFkikuk) dabbed dabbed dabbing dabs
deal(crkZo djuk_ O;kikj djuk) dealt dealt dealing deals
debase(ewY; ;k eku ?kVkuk) debased debased debasing debases
dig([kksnuk] xM~<k+ djuk) dug dug digging digs
dim(/qa/yk iM+ tkuk) dimmed dimmed dimming dims
do(djuk) did done doing does
draw([khapuk) drew drawn drawing draws
dream(LoIu ns[kuk) dreamed/dreamt dreamed/dreamt dreaming dreams
drift(cg tkuk] gok esa mM+ tkuk) drifted drifted drifting drifts
drink(ihuk) drank drunk/drunken* drinking drinks
drive(gkaduk) drove driven driving drives
drizzle(fjef>e o"kkZ gksuk) drizzled drizzled drizzling drizzles
droop(>qduk] >qdkuk) drooped drooped drooping droops
drop(cwna &cwna fxjuk_ fxjkuk] R;kx nsuk) dropped dropped dropping drops
dry(lw[kuk ;k lw[kkuk) dried dried drying dries
dwell(jguk) dwelt dwelt dwelling dwells
eat([kkuk] Hkkstu djuk) ate eaten eating eats
fail(vliQy gksuk_ vuqkh.kZ gksuk) failed failed failing fails
fall(fxjuk) fell fallen falling falls
feed([kkuk f[kykuk) fed fed feeding feeds
feel(Li'kZ djuk_ eglwl djuk) felt felt feeling feels

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fell(fxjkuk% isM+ dks dkVuk) felled felled felling fells

fight(yM+uk) fought fought fighting fights
fill(Hkjuk] Hkj nsuk) filled filled filling fills
find(feyuk] [kkstuk) found found finding finds
fine(tqekZuk yxkuk) fined fined fining fines
flee(Hkkxuk) fled fled fleeing flees
fling(tksj ls isQ
a duk) flung flung flinging flings
flit(iqQnduk) flitted flitted flitting flits
flow(cguk) flowed flowed flowing flows
fly(mM+uk) flew flown flying flies
fold(eksM+uk) folded folded folding folds
fondle(ykM+ djuk] nqykjuk) fondled fondled fondling fondles
forbear(cprs jguk_ lgu djuk) forbore forborne forbearing forbears
forbid(jksduk_ vuqefr u nsuk) forbade forbidden forbidding forbids
forget(Hkwy tkuk_ ;kn u jguk) forgot forgotten forgetting forgets
forgive({kek djuk_ n;k fn[kkuk) forgave forgiven forgiving forgives
forgo(R;kxuk_ NksMu + k) forwent forgone forgoing forgoes
forsake(lkFk NksM+ nsuk) forsook forsaken forsaking forsakes
found(uhao Mkyuk_ LFkkfir djuk) founded founded founding founds
freeze(teuk) froze frozen freezing freezes
frown(R;ksjh p<+kuk] ks/ fn[kkuk) frowned frowned frowning frowns
get(ikuk) got got/gotten* getting gets
give(nsuk) gave given giving gives
glare(rsth ls peduk) glared glared glaring glares
go(tkuk) went gone going goes
grant(nsuk] Lohdkj djuk) granted granted granting grants
grind(ihluk) ground ground grinding grinds
groan(nnZ ds dkj.k fpYykuk) groaned groaned groaning groans
grow(mxkuk] fodkl gksuk_ mxkuk) grew grown growing grows
hang(yVdkuk) hung hung hanging hangs
hang(iQkalh nsuk) hanged hanged hanging hungs
have(j[kuk) had had having has
hear(lquuk) heard heard hearing hears
hide(fNikuk_ fNiuk) hid hidden hiding hides
hit(cy yxkdj ekjuk_ vuqfpr hit hit hitting hits
izgkj djuk)
hold(etcwrh ls idM+uk_ /kj.k djuk) held held holding holds
hurt(pksV igqapkuk) hurt hurt hurting hurts
keep(j[kuk) kept kept keeping keeps
kneel(?kqVuksa ds cy >qduk) knelt knelt kneeling kneels
knit (cquuk) Knitted/knit knitted/knit knitting knits

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know(tkuuk) knew known knowing knows

lay(fcNkuk_ j[kuk_ Mkyuk_ fyVk nsuk) laid laid laying lays
lead(usr`Ro djuk) led led leading leads
lean(>qduk_ Vs<k+ gksuk) leaned/leant leaned/leant leaning leans
leap(dwnuk) leaped leaped/leapt leaping leaps
learn(lh[kuk_ KkuksiktZu djuk learnt learned*/learnt learning learns
leave(NksMu + k) left left leaving leaves
lend(m/kj nsuk) lent lent lending lends
let(vkKk nsuk) let let letting lets
lie(ysVuk] foJke djuk) lay lain lying lies
lie(>wB cksyuk) lied lied lying lies
light(izdkf'kr djuk] tykuk) lighted/lit lighted/lit lighting lights
loot(ywVuk) looted looted looting loots
lose([kks nsuk_ foghu gksuk) lost lost losing loses
make(cukuk) made made making makes
mean(vFkZ crkuk) meant meant meaning means
meet(feyuk) met met meeting meets
melt(fi?kyuk) melted melted/molten* melting melts
mislead(cgdkuk_ iFk Hkz"V djuk) misled misled misleading misleads
mistake(xyrh djuk) mistook mistaken mistaking mistakes
owe (.kh gksuk) owed owed owing owes
pay(pqdkuk] vnk djuk) paid paid paying pays
prove(fl djuk] lkfcr djuk) proved proved proving proves
put(j[kuk) put put putting puts
quit(NksMu + k] R;kxuk) quitted/quit quitted/quit quitting quits
quieten('kkar djuk ;k gksuk) quietened quietened quietening quietens
read(i<+uk) read read reading reads
rid(NksMu + k] NksM+ nsuk) rid rid ridding rids
ride(lokjh djuk) rode ridden riding rids
ring(ctuk@ctkuk) rang rung ringing rings
rise(mxuk_ mBuk) rose risen rising rises
rot(lM+uk) rotted rotted/rotten* rotting rots
run(nkSMu + k) ran run running runs
save (cpkuk) saved saved saving saves
saw(vksj ls ydM+h phM+uk) sawed sawed sawing saws
say(dguk) said said saying says
see(ns[kuk_ feyuk) saw seen seeing sees
seek([kkstuk) sought sought seeking seeks
sell(cspuk) sold sold selling sells
send(Hkstuk) sent sent sending sends
set(O;ofLFkr djuk_ Mwcuk) set set setting sets

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sew(lhuk] flykbZ djuk) sewed sewed/sewn* sewing sews

shake(fgykuk_ fgyuk) shook shaken shaking shakes
shave(nk<+ha cukuk) shaved shaved/shaven* shaving shaves
shear(dkVuk] dkVdj vyx djuk) sheared sheared/shorn* shearing shears
shed(fc[kjkuk_ fxjuk_ [kwu cgkuk) shed shed shedding sheds
shine (peduk) shone shoned shining shines
shoot(xksyh ekjuk) shot shot shooting shoots
show (fn[kkuk) showed showed showing shows
shrink(fldqMu + k) shrank shrunk/shrunken shrinking shrinks
shut(can djuk) shut shut shutting shuts
sing(xkuk) sang sung singing sings
sink(Mwcuk) sank sunk sinking sinks
sit(cSBuk) sat sat sitting sits
slay(dRy djuk) slew slain slaying slays
sleep(lksuk) slept slept sleeping sleeps
slink(pqids ls fudyuk) slunk slunk slinking slinks
smell(egduk_ lw?a kuk) smelt smelt smelling smells
sow[cksuk] cht) Mkyuk] sowed sown sowing sows
spped(pyuk] rst pky ls pyuk) speeded/sped speeded/sped speeding speeds
spell('kCnksa ds v{kjksa dks crykuk] fgTts spelled/spelt spelled/spelt spelling spells
djuk)
spend([kpZ djuk) spent spent spending spends
spill(iSQykuk_ fxjkuk_ Nyduk) spilled/spilt spilled/spilt spilling spills
spin(lwr dkruk) spun/span spun spinning spins
spit(Fkwduk) spat spat spiting spits
split(VqdM+&
s VqdM+s djuk_ foHkkftr djuk) split split splitting splits
spoil(csdkj djuk) spoiled/spoilt spoiled/spoilt spoiling spoils
spread(iSQyuk_ iSQykuk) spread spread spreading spreads
spring(mNyuk) sprang sprung springing springs
stand([kM+k gksuk) stood stood standing stands
steal(pqjkuk] pksjh djuk) stole stolen stealing steals
stick(fpids jguk) stuck stuck sticking sticks
sting(fcPNw dk Mad ekjuk) stung stung stinging stings
stink(cncw djuk) stank/stunk stunk stinking stinks
strew(dksbZ oLrq iSQykuk] fc[ksjuk) strewed strewed/strewn strewing strews
stride(yEcs Msx ekjuk_ yka?kuk) strode stridden striding strides
strike(ekjuk] izgkj djuk) struck struck/stricken striking strikes
string(Mksjh ;k rkar yxkuk) strung strung stringing strings
strip(gVk nsuk] uaxk djuk) stripped stripped striping strips
strive(iz;Ru djuk_ la?k"kZ djuk) strove striven striving strives
stumble(Bksdj [kkuk_ Vdjkuk) stumbled stumbled stumbling stumbles

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stun(ewfNZr djuk eqDdk ekjdj) stunned stunned stunning stuns

swear('kiFk ysuk) swore sworn swearing swears
sweep(cqgkjuk] >kM yxkuk) swept swept sweeping sweeps
swell(lwtuk_ ?ke.M ls Hkj tkuk) swelled swelled/swollen swelling swells
swim(rSjuk) swam swum swimming swims
swindle(Bxuk] (/ks[kk nsuk) swindled swindled swindling swindles
swing(>wyuk_ >wykuk) swung swung swinging swings
swipe(>iVuk_ cy yxkdj ekjuk) swiped swiped swiping swipes
take (ysuk) took taken taking takes
teach(i<+kuk) taught taught teaching teaches
tear(iQkM+uk) tore torn tearing tears
tell(dguk) told told telling tells
think(lkspuk) thought thought thinking thinks
thrive(le` gksuk_ iQyuk_ iwQyuk) throve/thrived thriven/thrived thriving thrives
throw(isQ
a duk)_ mNkyuk) threw thrown throwing throws
thrust(tksj ls /Ddk nsuk) thrust thrust thrusting thrusts
tread(ikao ls dqpyuk) trod trod/trodden treading treads
tumble(vpkud fxjuk] flj ds cy tumbled tumbled tumbling tumbles
fxjuk)
undergo(vuqHko djuk_ lgu djuk) underwent undergone undergoing undergoes
understand(le>uk) understood understood understanding understands
undertake(dksbZ dke djus ds fy, undertook undertaken undertaking undertakes
jkth gksuk_ ok;nk djuk)
undo(xkaB [kksy nsuk] <hyk djuk) undid undone undoing undoes
wake(tkxuk] txkuk) woke/waked woke/woken waking wakes
wear(iguuk) wore worn wearing wears
weave(cquuk) wove woven weaving weaves
weep(jksuk) wept wept weeping weeps
win(thruk) won won winning wins
wind(yisVuk_ Vs<& s + es<s+ jkLrs ls tkuk) wound wound winding winds
wind(xa/ ls irk yxkuk) winded winded winding winds
withdraw(fudky ysuk_ okil ysuk) withdrew withdrawn withdrawing withdraws
withold(jksd j[kuk] u nsuk) withheld withheld withholding withholds
withstand(izfrjks/ djuk) withstood withstood withstanding withstands
work(dke djuk) worked worked working works
wrestle(dq'rh yM+uk) wrestled wrestled wrestling wrestles
write(fy[kuk) wrote written writing writes

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9.ONEWORDSUBSTITUTION-1

1. Abattoir: (dlkbZ[kkuk)A place whereanimals 22. Anarchist: (vjktd) person who seeks to
arekilledforfood overturntheestablishedGovernment

2. Abstinence: ([kkus& ihus esa la ;e j[kus okyk) 23. Anecdote: (fdLlk)A shortamusing story
Carefulineatinganddrinking 24. Anorexia:(v#fp)Aprolongeddisorderofeating
3. Abstruse: (le>us es a eq f 'dy) Difficult to duetolossofappetite
understand 25. Anthology: (dkO;&la x z g ) Book of literary
4. Acoustics: (ofu'kkL=k) Science of sound selectionbyvariousauthors

5. Acrophobia: (mkqaxrk&Hkhfr)Fearofheight 26. Antidote:(tgj uk'kd)Aremedytocounteract

poison
6. Actuarial: (chekafdd) Pertaining to insurance
27. Aphasia:(Lojgkfu)Lossofspeechduetoinjury
statistics
orillness
7. Addendum: (ifjf'k"V) A section of extra
28. Apiary: (e/qef{kdky;) A place where bees are
informationthatisaddedattheendofthebook
kept
8. Adulterate: (nw f "kr djuk) Make impure by
29. Apostate: (Lo/eZ R ;kxh) One who abandon his
addinginferiorortaintedsubstances
religiousfaith
9. Aerie: (ekalkgkjh i{kh dk ?kksl
a yk)Nest offlesh
30. Apotheosis: (xq . kxku) An ideal example of
eatingbird
something
10. Agnostic: (vKs;okn) One who is skeptical of
31. Arbiter:(e;LFk)Apersonwhosettlesadispute
theexistenceofGod
betweentwoparties
11. Alimony: (rykd ds ckn nh tkus okyh jde)
32. Arboretum: (r#okfVdk)A facilitywheretrees
Paymentmadetoanex-spouseafterdivorce
andshrubsarecultivatedforexhibition
12. Allegory:(izrhd dFkk)Storyinwhichcharacters
33. Archaeology: (iqjkrRo) Study ofArtifacts and
areusedassymbols
relicsofearlymankind
13. Alliteration: (vuqizkl) Repetition of beginning
34. Archipelago:(}hilewg)Groupofcloselylocated
soundinpoetry
islands
14. Altruist:(ijksidkjh)Soildepositleftbyrunning
35. Aristocracy: (vfHktkr oxZ )A government by
water
thenobles
15. Alluvial:(ck<+ ls ykb gqbZ feV~Vh)Soilmadeand
36. Arsenal:('kL=kkxkj)Storageplaceformaterials
scatteresbyflood.
ofwar
16. Ambidextrous: (nksuksa gkFkksa esa fuiq.k)Capbleof
37. Artisan:(dkjhxj)Amanuallyskilledworker
movingbothhandswithequalease
17. Ambrosia: (ve`r)FoodofGod 38. Ascetic:(riLoh)Livingalifeofseverediscipline
andhardship
18. Amnesia: (foLej.k) Loss of memory
39. Atavism: (iw o Z t rk) Resemblance to remote
19. Amphibian:(mHk;pj)Animalswhichliveboth ancestorsratherthantoparents
onlandandinwater
40. Atheist: (ukfLrd)Personwhodoesnotbelieve
20. Amphitheatre:(jaxHkwfe)Ovalbuildingwithtears intheexistenceofGod
ofseats
41. Autopsy: ('ko ijh{kk) Examination of a dead
21. Anachronism: (le; dh x.kuk esa v'kq f) An body
errorintime
42. Avalanche: (fgeL[kyu) Great mass of falling
snoworice

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43. Barb: (dafV;k)Sharpprojectionfromfishhook
orotherobject
44. Ballistic: (cksfyLVhd) Related to the study of
dynamicsoftheprojectile
45. Bankrupt: (fnokfy;k)Personunabletopayhis
debts
46. Bequeath: (olh;r djuk) Leave to someone
bymeansofawill
47. Bibulous: ('kjkch) Addiction to or fond of
alcoholicliquor
48. Biennial: (f}okf"kZ d ) That which happens in
everytwoyears
49. Bilingual: (f}Hkk"kh) One who can speak two
languages
50. Biped: (f}in)A creaturehaving two feet
51. Blasphemy: (bZ'k&fuank) Speaking irreverently
aboutGodorsacredthings
52. Bludgeon: (iq f yl dk Ma M k) A heavy headed
weapon
53. Bohemian: (cksg sf u;k dk) One who does not
followusualnormsofsociallife
54. Brittle: (Hkaxqj)Hardbuteasilybroken
55. Buccaneer:(Mkdw djuk)Asailorwhoattacked
shipsatseaandstolefromthem
56. Bureaucracy:(ukSdj'kkgh)Governmentbygroup
ofpaidofficials
57. Cacophony: (dksykgy) Unpleasant sound
58. Calligraphy:(lqy[
s k)Artofbeautifulhandwriting
59. Camaraderie:(lkSgknZ)Feelingoffriendshipand
trustamongpeoplewhoworkorspendalotof
timetogether
60. Cannibal: (ujHk{kd) The man who can eat
humanflesh
61. Carcinogenic: (dklhutu) Causing cancer
62. Carillon:(?kaVk cktk)Setofbellscapableofbeing
played
63. Carnage: (ujlagkj)Killingoflargenumberof
people
64. Carnival: (dkfuZ oy) Public merrymaking and
feasting
65. Cartography:(ekufpdkjh)Artofmapmaking
66. Catechism:(ftjg)Bookforreligiousinstruction
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67. Cemetery: (dfczLrku) Place for corpses to be
buried
68. Centrifugal: (dsn
a zR;kxh)Movingawayfromthe
centre
69. Centripetal: (dsUkfHkeq[k) Tending towards the
centre
70. Chauvinist: (va / jk"V h oknh) Blindly devoted
patriot
71. Chiropodist:(iknfpfdRld)Onewhotreatsthe
ailmentsoffeet
72. Circumlocution: (diViw. kZ ckrsa) Roundabout
wayofexpression
73. Clairvoyant: (Hkfo";oDrk) Fortune teller
(Havingforesight)
74. Coerce: (etcw j djuk) Use of force to get
someonetoobey
75. Cognate: (vkReh;) Having the same source or
origin
76. Collateral: (laikf'kZ"kd)Securitygivenforloan
77. Conflagration: (vkx)Hugedestructionbyfire
78. Connoisseur: (ikj[kh) person having sound
judgmentinthefieldofart
79. Connubial: (oSokfgd)Pertainingtomarriageor
matrimonialstate
80. Contagious: (la ked) Which spreads by
physicaltouchorcontact
81. Coquette:(u[kjk fn[kkuk)Awomanorgirlwho
flirts
82. Cornucopia: (cdjh dk lha x ) Symbol of
abundance
83. Coronation: ( j k T ; k fH k " k s d ) Ceremony of
crowning
84. Cosmopolitan: (loZ n s' kh;) Belonging to the
wholeworld
85. Cynosure: (=k`{k)Centreofattraction
86. Defrock:(ppZ esa iknjh dks gVk nsuk)Toofficially
removeapriestfromhisjob
87. Delirium: (izyki) Mental disorder marked by
confusion
88. Demagogue: (nyifr) A political leader who
deliverssentimentalspeeches
89. Democracy: (yksdra =k)A government by the
people,ofthepeople,andforthepeople
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90. Demographic: (tulka f [;dh;) Related to
populationbalance
91. Dermatologist:(Ropk fo'ks"kK)Onewhostudies
skinanditsdiseases
92. Destitution: ( f u " d k l u ) Lacking basic
necessitiesoflife
93. Detrimental: (gkfudkjd) Causing harm and
damage
94. Dexterous: (fuiq.k)Skilfulathandlingthings
95. Dialectical: (}a } kRed) Related to the art of
debate
96. Diatribe: (fookn) Bitter and violent attack in
words
97. Diffidence:(vkRela'k;)Lackofselfconfidence
98. Dinghy: (d'rh)A small boat
99. Diorama:(lw;ksZn;)Threedimensionalscenefrom
natureorhistory
100. Dipsomaniac: ('kjkc dh yr) A person who
hasastrongdesireforalcoholicdrinks
101. Dirge: (efjl;k)Asongsungatburial
102. Disenfranchise: (ukxfjdrk ls oa f pr djuk)
Depriveoftherighttovote
103. Disputatious: (csyxke) Fond of arguing
104. Dissertation: (fuca/) A long piece of writing
onaparticularsubject
105. Diurnal:(izfrfnu)Activeduringthedaytime
106. Doggerel: ([kksVk)Worthlessorfoolishpoetry
107. Dorsal:(i`"Bh;)Relatedtothebackofananimal
108. Drudgery: (dfBu ifjJe)Hardboringwork
109. Dynasty: (jktoa ' k) Succession of rulers
belongingtoonefamily
110. Dyspeptic: ( e a n k f Xu x z Lr ) Suffering from
indigestion
111. Ecologist: (ifjfLFkfrfoKku 'kkL=kh) Person
concernedwiththeinterrelationshipbetweenthe
livingorganismandtheenvironment
112. Edible: ([kk|)Somethingfittobeeaten
113. Effeminate: (lzkS.k) A person having womanly
traits
114. Effigy: (iqryk)Statueofafamousperson
115. Egoism: (vga d kj) Excessively interested in
onesself
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116. Elegy: ('kksdxhr) A poem or song expressing
lamentation
117. Ellipsis: (vaMkdkj) Omission of words from a
text
118. Emetic:(mcdkbZ dh)Substancecausingvomiting
119. Emigrant: (mRizoklh) Apersonwholeaveshis
owncountryandgoestoliveinanother
120. Empathy:(lgkuqHkwfr)Abilitytoidentifyanother
personsfeeling
121. Endearment: (eksg)A word or expression that
isusedtoshowaffection
122. Epicure:(jfl;k)Personfondofdeliciousfood
123. Epidemic: (egkekjh) Disease affecting a wide
area
124. Epigram: (pq Vdq y k)A short poem with witty
saying
125. Epilogue:(milagkj)Ashortspeechatconclusion
ofadramaticwork
126. Epitaph:(Le`fr ys[k)Inscriptioninthememory
ofadeadperson
127. Epithet: ( f o ' k s " k . k ) Words or phrase
characteristicallyusedtodescribeapersonorthing
128. Epistemologist: (Kku eheka l k okyk O;fDr)
Philosopherwhostudiesthenatureofknowledge
129. Epitome: ( i z r h d ) Perfect example or
embodiment
130. Equinox:(fo"kqo)Periodofequaldaysandnight
131. Etymology: (O;qRifk)Studyofwordparts
132. Eugenic: (;qtfud) The science of improving
thequalityofhumanrace
133. Euphemism: (O;atuk)Mildexpressioninplace
ofanunpleasantone(Theexpressionhepassed
awayisaeuphemismofhedied)
134. Euphoria:(mRlkg)Astrongfeelingofhappiness
135. Euphonic: (lqjhyk)Pleasanttolisten
136. Euthanasia:(lq[ke`R;q)Practiceofkillingaperson
withoutpainwhoissufferingfromadiseasethat
cannotbecured
137. Eviscerate: (va r Mh fudkyuk) to remove the
internalorgansofthebody
138. Exegesis: (Vhdk) Explanation and elucidation
ofscripture
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139. Exorcise:(tknw nsuk)Tofreeapersonfromevil
spirits
140. Expurgate:('kksf/r djuk)Removeobjectionable
materialfromabooketc.
141. Fastidious: (nqjkjk;)Difficulttoplease
142. Fatalist: (HkkX;oknh) One who depends on and
believesinfaith
143. Fauna: (oU;tho)Animalsofaregion
144. Filial: (lgk;d] csVk&csVh laca/h)Pertainingtoa
sonordaughter
145. Filibuster: (dk;Z es a foyEc djokuk) Block
legislationbymakinglongspeeches
146. Filigree:(pkanh ds eghu tkyh dk dke)Delicate
decorationmadefromgoldorsilverwire
147. Flora: (isM+ ikS/s)Plantsofaregionorera
148. Fluke: (i.kZfe) Stroke of fortune
149. Fratricide:(HkzkRk`?kkr)Killingofonesbrother
150. Galleon: (xSyhvku)Largesailingship
151. Gargoyle: (ijukyk) Water spout carved in
grotesquefiguresonabuilding
152. Gastronomy: (ikd&dyk) Science and art of
preparingandeatinggoodfood
153. Genealogy: (oa'kkoyh)Study offamilyhistory
154. Genocide: (ujla g kj) Murder of a race or
community
155. Genuflect: (?kqVus ds cy cSBuk) Bend knee in
worship
156. Gerontocracy:(o`&ra=k)Governmentrunbyold
people
157. Gerrymander:(tkylkth djuk)Changevoting
districtlinesinordertofavorapoliticalparty
158. Glutton:([kkmQ)Onewhoeatstoomuch
159. Gossamer: (iryk) Very fine thread made by
spiders
160. Gourmand: (pVks j k] is V w ) Person who takes
excessivepleasureinfoodanddrink
161. Gratuitous:(vgsrqd)GivenFreely(Gratuitous
comments)
162. Gregarious: (;wFkpkjh)Likingtobewithother
people
163. Gyroscope: (?kw j f.kdk) Apparatus used to
maintainbalance
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164. Heckler:(gsdyj)Personwhoverballyharasses
others
165. Hedonist: (lq [ koknh) One who believes that
pleasureissoleaiminlife
166. Hegemony:(uk;dRo)Dominanceofonenation
overothers
167. Henchman: (erkoyach) Faithful supporter
168. Henpecked: (lzho'k)Excessivelyfondofones
wife
169. Herbivorous: ('kkdkgkjh) A vegetarian animal
orhumanbeing
170. Herculean: (vR;au dfBu) Having enormous
strengthorsize
171. Hierarchy: (ine) Arrangement by rank or
standing
172. Hieroglyphic: (fp=kfyfi laca/h)Picture writing
173. Hinterlands: (Hkhrjh iz n s ' k] unh ;k leq n z ds
fdukjs dk izns'k@{ks=k)Areasofthecountrythat
areawayfromthebankofalargeriver
174. Holocaust: (izy;) Destruction by fire
175. Homicide:(ekuo gR;k)Killingofahumanbeing
176. Horticulture: ( c k x o k u h ) Art of growing
vegetablesandfruitsetc
177. Hypochondriac: (jks x Hka z e h) A person unduly
worriedabouthishealth
178. Iconoclastic: (ewfrZ Hkatu ls lacaf/r) Criticizing
popularbeliefsandestablishedcustomsandideas
179. Illegible: (viBuh;) Incapable of being read
180. Immigrant:(vkizoklh)Apersonwhocomesto
acountryfromanotherinordertosettlethere
181. Impalpable: (vLi`';)That cannot betouched
182. Impenetrable: (vHks|)Incapableofpenetration
183. Imperialism: (lkezkT;okn) Policy of extending
acountrysempire
184. Impertinent:(/`"V)Notshowingproperrespect
185. Imposter: (Bx) One who assumes a character
todeceiveothers
186. Impregnable: (vHks|] vts;) Which cannot be
defeated
187. Impromptu: (vk'kq ) Something done without
preparation
188. Impunity: (na M ls eq fDr) Freedom from
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punishment
189. Incendiary: (vkx yxkus okyk) Which causes
fireburning
190. Incorrigible:(vlq/k;Z)Thatcannotbecorrected
191. Incredible: (vfo'okluh;) Which cannot be
believed
192. Indefatigable: (vFkd)Incapableofbeingtired
193. Indelible: (vfeV) That cannot be erased
194. Indemnity: ({kfriwfrZ)Compensationforloss
195. Inevitable: (vifjgk;Z ) Incapable of being
avoided
196. Inexplicable: (vdFkuh;) That cannot be
explained
197. Infallible:(vpwd)Alwaysrightorneverwrong
198. Infanticide:(f'k'kqgR;k)Killingofaninfant
199. Infectious: (la ked) Disease which spreads
throughair
200. Inimitable: (vuuqdj.kh;) Matchless
201. Insolvent:(fnokfy;k)Onewhoisunabletopay
debts
202. Insurrection: (foIyo) Rebellious against
government
203. Invincible:(vts;)Whichcannotbeconquered
204. Invulnerable:(vHks|)Incapableofbeingharmed
205. Irrevocable:(vVy)Incapableofbeingchanged
206. Jingoist:(dV~Vj ns'kHkDr)Extremelyaggressive
andmilitantpatriot
207. Juggernaut: (jFk] fo'kkydk; okgu] izH kko'kkyh
'kfDRk)Irresistiblecrushingforce
208. Juxtapose: (feykuk) Place side by side
209. Kaleidoscope: (cgq : in'kZ d ) Tube in which
patterns made by the reflection in mirrors of
coloredpiecesofglass
210. Labyrinth: (Hkwy Hkq y S;k) Complicated series of
passages
211. Lachrymose: (jksuk) Tear producing
212. Lagoon: ([kyhtk) Shallow body of water near
sea
213. Larceny:(pksjh)Crimeofstealingsomethingfrom
someone
214. Lilliputian:(NksVs yksx)Extremelysmall
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215. Levee: (lsrq) Earthen of stone embankment to
preventflooding
216. Lexicographer: (dks ' kdkj) Compiler of a
dictionary
217. Linguist: (Hkk"kfon~ ) Person speaking many
languages
218. Malingerer:(jksx<kasxh)Onewhopretendsillness
toescapeduty
219. Mariticide:(ifr gaRkk)Killingofoneshusband
220. Marsupial: (FkSyh tSlk) One of the family of
mammalsthatnursetheiroffspringsinapouch
221. Martinet: (vuq' kklu dk iDdk) No talking at
meals
222. Martyr: ('kghn) One who voluntarily suffers
deathforanoblecause
223. Masochist: (ihM+k lq[kHkksxh)Person who enjoys
hisownpain
224. Materialist: (HkkSfrdoknh) Person who consider
moneyormaterialgainasmostimportantthing
225. Matriarch:(egkekrk)Womanwhorulesafamily
ofgroup
226. Matricide: (ekr`gR;k) Murderer of ones own
mother
227. Mealy-mouthed: (viz R ;{k Hkk"k.k) Indirect in
speech(Mealy-mouthedpoliticians)cunning
228. Megalomania: (vagdkjksaUekn) Mania for doing
grandiosethings
229. Menagerie: (oU; i'kq'kkyk) Collection of wild
animals
230. Mercenary: (HkkM+s dk lSfud] yksHkh)Greedyfor
money
231. Metallurgical:(eSVyftZdy)Pertainingtotheart
ofremovingmetalfromores
232. Metamorphosis: ( d k ; ki y V ) Change in
appearance
233. Metaphor:(:id)Awordorphrasethatisused
todescribesomethingelseinawaythatisdifferent
fromitsnormaluse
234. Meticulous: (lw{ en'khZ ) Very particular about
smalldetails
235. Mirage: (e`xr`".kk) Unreal reflection or optical
illusion
236. Misanthrope: (euq " ;nz k s g h) One who hates
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mankind
237. Misogamy: ('kknh ls ?k` . kk) Hatred from
marriage
238. Misogynist:(ukjh }s"kh)Amanwhohateswomen
239. Monarchy:(jktrU=k)Governmentunderasingle
ruler
240. Monastery: (eB)Place where monklives
241. Monotheism: (,ds'ojokn) Believe in one God
242. Moratorium: (jks d ) Authorized delay in an
activity
243. Moribund: (ej.kklUu)Comingtoanend
244. Mortuary:(eqnkZ?kj)Aplacewheredeadbodies
arekept
245. Myriad: (vla[;)Verylarge number
246. Narcissist: (vReeksgh) Conceited person
247. Nautical:(leqnhz )Pertainingtoshipsornavigation
248. Necromancy: ( d k y k t k n w ) Practice of
connectingwiththedead people ofanexisting
word
249. Neologism: (fuvks y fxTe) A new word or
expressionoranewmeaninguofufeZr iz;ksx
250. Nepotism: (HkkbZ & Hkrhtkokn) Undue favor to
onesownrelative
251. Niggle: (dkykiO;;) Spend too much time on
minorpoints
252. Nihilist: (u kfLr oknh ) One who considers
traditionalbelievestobegroundlessandexistence
meaningless
253. Nirvana: (fuokZ.k) The ideal state in which the
individualloseshimselfintheattainmentofan
imperialbeatitude
254. Nocturnal: (jkr dk)Activeatnight
255. Nonentity: (rqPNrk)Personofnoimportance
256. Nonpareil: (vrqy) Person or thing which has
noequal
257. Nostalgia: (fo"kkn)Longingforthepast(Home
sickness)
258. Nuance: (vfr lw{e varj)Shadeofdifference
inmeaningorcolour
259. Numismatist: (U;w f etekfVLV) Person who
collectscoins
260. Nursery: (ulZjh)Placewhereyoungplantsare
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grown
261. Obelisk: (vksfcfyLd) Tall column tapering and
endinginapyramid
262. Obituary: (e`R;qys[k)Deathnotice
263. Obsequy: (nkg&laLdkj) Funeral ceremony
264. Obsolete: (vizpfyr) No longer used because
somethingnewhasbeeninvented
265. Octagon: (v"Vdks.k) A figure with eight sides
andangles
266. Olfactory: (lw?kusokyk)Concerningthesenseof
smell
267. Oligarchy: (dq y hura = k) Government by a
privilegedfew
268. Omnipotent: (loZ'kfDreku)All powerful
269. Omnipresent: (txnh'oj) Present everywhere
270. Omniscient: (loZK) Knowing everything
271. Onomatopoeia: (vFkkZuqj.ku) Words formed in
theimitationofnaturalsounds
272. Opaque: (vikjn'khZ ) Which cannot be seen
through
273. Optimist: (vk'kkoknh)Personwholooks onthe
brightside
274. Oratorio: (vksj Vksfjvks) Dramatic poem set to
music
275. Ornithologist: (i{kh dk v;;u djus okyk)
Scientificstudentofbirds
276. Orthography: (beyk)Correctspelling
277. Ostracize: (lekt ls ckgj fudkyuk) To turn
outofsociety
278. Oviparous: (vaM ksR iUUk) Bearing eggs and not
youngones
279. Pachyderm: (isdhMeZ)Thickskinnedanimal
280. Pacifist:('kkafroknh)Personopposedtoviolence
281. Palatable: (Lokfn"V) Food or drink that are
pleasanttotaste
282. Palimpsest: (peZ i =k dk nks c kjk mi;ks x )
Parchmentusedforthesecondtimeafteroriginal
writinghasbeenerased
283. Panacea: (loZjksxgkjh)Remedyforaldiseases
284. Pandemonium:(foIyo)Wildandnoisydisorder
285. Panegyric: (Lrou) Formal praise
286. Pantomime:(ewdkfHku;)Actingwithoutdialogue
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287. Parable:(n`"VkUr)Shortsimplestoryteachinga
moral
288. Paranoia: (ikxyiu) Psychosis marked by
delusionsofgrandeur
289. Parasite: (ijthoh) Animal or plant living on
another
290. Parricide:(ns'k&nzkg
s h)Killingofeitherofparents
291. Patriarch:(dqyifr)Fatherandrulerofafamily
292. Patricide: (firk dk o/) Murder of ones own
father
293. Pauper: (daxky)Verypoor person
294. Pedagogy: (f'k{k.k'kkL=k) Art of education
295. Pedantic:(iafMrkmQ)Displayofknowledgeand
learning
296. Perennial:(ckjgeklh)Somethinglonglasting
297. Perspicacious: (tghu) Mentally quick and
observant
298. Pessimist: (fujk'kkoknh) Person who looks on
thedarksideofthethings
299. Prehensile: (le>nkj) Capable of holding
something
300. Philanderer:(L=khyksyqi)Faithlesslover
301. Philanthropist:(yksdksidkjd)Loverofmankind
302. Philatelist:(Mkd fVdV laxzkgd)Stampcollector
303. Philistine: (vf'kf{kr) Narrow minded person
304. Philology: (Hkk"kk'kkL=k)Studyoflanguage
305. Placebo: (dw V Hks " kt) Harmless substance
prescribedasadummypill
306. Plagiarism:(lkfgR;d pksjh)Tostealothersidea
andpassthemofasonesown
307. Platitude: (lk/kj.k ckr) Statement that is
obviouslytrueorcommonplaceremark
308. Plutocracy: (/fud rU=k)Governmentruled by
wealthy
309. Polygamy: (cgqfookg) Custom of having more
thantwospouseatatime
310. Polyglot: (cgq H kk"kh) Person who speaks many
languages
311. Posthumous: (ej.kksijkar) After death
312. Premonition:(psrkouh)Forewarningfordanger
313. Prologue: (izLrkouk)Introductiontoapoemor
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play
314. Promiscuous: (vus d ) Having many sexual
partners
315. Punctilious: (t:jr ls T;kn ifj'kq)Minutely
attentivetofinepoints
316. Pyromania: (nguksUekn) Person with an insane
desiretosetthingsonfire
317. Quadruped: (pkSik;k)Fourfooted animal
318. Quarantine: (laxjks/) Isolation of a person or
shipfromaplacetopreventspreadofinfection
319. Quorum: ( d k s j e ) Number of members
necessarytoconductameeting
320. Ragamuffin: (iQVs g ky) Person wearing old
clothesthataretornanddirty
321. Rampart:(fdys dh nhokj)Adefensivewallof
stoneorearthwithapathontop
322. Recapitulate: (iq ujko` fk djuk) To repeat the
mainpoints
323. Recluse: (oSjkxh) Personwho livesalone
324. Reconnaissance: ( e k U; r k ) Information
gatheringactivityaboutenemyforces
325. Redtapism:(ykyiQhrk'kkgh)Toomuchofficial
formality
326. Regicide: (jkT; gR;k)Killingofaking
327. Relegate:(ckgj fudky nsuk)Reducetoalower
position
328. Relinquish: (R;kxuk) Give up something with
reluctance
329. Remission: (NwV) Cancellation or forgiveness
ofdebt
330. Rendezvous: (feyu LFky) Place fixed for
meeting
331. Renegade: (ik[ka M h) Person who changes his
religiousbeliefsorpoliticalparty
332. Repartee: (gkftj tokch)Wittyorclever reply
333. Repercussion: (izfr?kkr)Effectofsomeevent,
actionordecision
334. Replica: (izfrfr)Copyofaworkofart
335. Repository: (dks"k) Store house
336. Reprimand:(iQVdkj)Criticizeseverely
337. Requiem:(iQkrgk)AChristianceremonyfora
personwhohasrecentlydead
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338. Restitution: (cgkyh) Pay for damage
339. Reticent: (vYiHkk"kh) One who speaks less
340. Retribution:(izfrdkj)Punishmentforoffences
341. Rhapsodize: (vfr iz'kalkiwoZd dguk) To speak
orwriteinanexaggeratedenthusiasticmanner
342. Rhetoric: ( H k k " k. k d k y ) Art of effective
communication
343. Rostrum:(O;k[;ku pcwrjk)Platformforspeech
making
344. Rotunda:(jksVksM
a k)Circularbuildingcoveredwith
adome
345. Saboteur: (oald)Onewhocommitssabotage
ordestroyerofproperty
346. Sacrilegious: (ifo=k oLrq nw"kd) Treating holy
thingwithoutrespect
347. Sacrosanct: (iq.;e;) Most sacred
348. Sanctimonious:(ik[kaMh)Displayinghypocritical
devoutness
349. Sartorial:(nthZ)Pertainingtotailors
350. Savage:(taxyh)Violentanduncivilized
351. Scapegoat: (cyh dk cdjk) Someone who
bearstheblameforothers
352. Scavenge: (eka t uk) Hunt through discarded
materialsforusableitems
353. Scurry:(ckSNkM+)Movehurriedlywithshortsteps
354. Scrutinize: (rkduk) Examine closely and
carefully
355. Seismic: (Hkwadi lac/a h)Pertainingtoearthquakes
356. Seminary: (enjlk) School for training future
ministers
357. Serendipity: (vkdfLed ykHko` fk) Accidental
orbychancediscovery
358. Sibylline: (xq I r) Mysterious or difficult to
understand
359. Siesta:(>idh)Periodofrestorsleepafterlunch
360. Simian: (canj dk)Monkeylike
361. Sinecure:(PkSu dh ukSdjh)AWellpaidposition
withlittleresponsibility
362. Skullduggery: (vuS f rd O;ogkj) Dishonest
behavior
363. Smother: (cq>kuk)Killbysuffocation
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364. Sojourn: (Msjk Mkyuk)Stayforashorttime
365. Soliloquy: (vkReHkk"k.k)Talkingtooneself
366. Solstice:(v;ukar)Pointatwhichsunisfarthest
fromtheequator
367. Somnambulist: (uhan esa pyus okyk) One who
walksinsleep
368. Somniloquist: (uhan esa cMcM+kus okyk O;fDRk)
Onewhotalksinsleep
369. Sonorous: (mPp 'kCndkjh) Having pleasant
sound
370. Soporific:(fuanklk)Sleepcausing,Sleepy
371. Sorocide: (cgugark)Killingofonessister
372. Spartan:(la;eh)Lackingluxuryandcomfort
373. Spoonerism: (vk|{kj dk ysu&nsu) Accidental
transpositionofsoundinsuccessivewords
374. Sporadic:(fNViqV)Occurringirregularlyandnot
atregulartimeintervals
375. Stoic: (mnklhu)Apersonwhois indifferent to
pleasureorpain
376. Stultify: (ew[kZ cukuk)Causetoappearstupidor
foolish
377. Suffragist: (ukjh ervkf/dkjokn) Advocate of
votingrightsforwomen
378. Sybarite: (fo"k;h)Lover ofluxury
379. Sycophant: (pkiywl)Personwhoflatterothers
380. Symbiosis: (lgtho) Independent mutually
beneficialrelationship
381. Synagogue: (;gw n h miklukx` g ) Place where
Jewsworship
382. Tantalize: (cgq r d"V igq a p kuk) Torture with
disappointment
383. Tantamount:(leku)Equivalentineffectorvalue
384. Tantrum:(xqLls dk vkos'k)Asuddenshortperiod
ofangriness
385. Tarantula:(VkjsV
a ;qyk)Venomousspider
386. Tautological:(vuqykfid)Needlesslyrepetitious
387. Taxonomist: (oxhZdkj.k oSKkfud) Specialist in
classifyinganimalsorplants
388. Teetotalism: (e|R;kx) Practice of abstaining
totallyofalcoholicdrinks
389. Theist: (vkfLrd)PersonwhobelievesinGod
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390. Theocracy: (/eZ r U=k) Government run by
religiousleaders
391. Trajectory:(iz{ksio)Pathtakenbyaprojectile
392. Truant:(csdkj ?kweus okyk)Onewhostaysaway
fromworkorschoolwithoutpermission
393. Ubiquitous: (loZ O ;kid) Something that is
present everywhere
394. Ursine: (lwvj dh rjg)Bearlike
395. Usury:(lwn[kksjh)Lendingmoneyatillegalrates
ofinterest
396. Uxoricide: (iRuhgark)Killerofoneswife
397. Uxorious:(L=khHkDr)Foolishlydevotedtoones
wife
398. Vendetta: ( i z f r ' k k s / ) A long and violent
disagreementbetweentwofamiliesorgroupsin
whichpeoplearemurderedinreturnofprevious
murders
399. Ventriloquist: (x#M+o knh) Someone who can
makehisorhervoiceseemtocomefromanother
personorthing
400. Verbatim: ('kCn'k%) Word for word
401. Verso: (dh vksj)Anylefthandpageofanopen
book
402. Vespers: ('kke dh izkFkZuk) Evening prayers in
church
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403. Vicarious: (izR;f/r) Felt or experienced by
watchingorreadingratherthanbydoinginyourself
404. Vindicate: (laHkyuk)Clearfromblame
405. Vindictive:(rkefld)Havingdesireforrevenge
406. Viviparous:(thfor)Bearinglivingyoungones
andnoteggs
407. Vivisection: (foHkktu) Act of dissecting living
animals
408. Voracious:(isVw)Eatingorwantinglargeamount
offood
409. Vulnerable: (Hks | ) Susceptible to attack or
damage
410. Vulpine: (eDdkj) Like a fox
411. Wanderlust:(liQj dk vuqjkx)Stronglonging
totravel
412. Warren: ([kjxksa'kksa dk taxy)Tunnelsinwhich
rabbitlives
413. Whinny:Neighlikeahorse
414. Xenophobia: (fons'kh yksxksa dks uk ilUn djuk)
Fearorhatredfromforeigners
415. Yeoman:({ks=kiky)Manowningsmallestateor
middleclassfarmer
416. Zealot:(dV~VjiaFkh)Personwhoshowsexcessive
zealorenthusiasm
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10.ONEWORDSUBSTITUTION-2
1. Aministerrepresentingasovereignorastate
inaforeigncountry = ambassador
2. Apersonsentonamission = emissary
3. Apersonwhospendshismoneyrecklessly = spendthrift
4. Apersonwhocanneitherreadnorwrite = illiterate
5. Apersonwholivesatthesametimeasanother = contemporary
6. Aloverofmankind = philanthropist
7. Aloverofwomankind = philogynist
8. Aloverofoneself = egoist
9. Aloverofothers = altruist
10. Aloveroffood = gourmand
11. Apersonwholoveshisowncountry = patriot
12. Apersonwhoregardsthewholeworldashiscountry = cosmopolitan
13. Apersonwhobelievesinthetotalabolitionofwar = pacifist
14. Apersonwhoisfondoffighting = bellicose
15. Amanwhoiswomansihinhishabits = effeminate
16. Apersonwhoisdevotedtothewelfarcofwomen = feminist
17. Onewhoisall-powerful = omnipresent
18. Onewhoispresenteverywhere = ommniprnestly
19. Onewhoknowseverything = omniscient
20. Onewhobelivesinfate = fatalist
21. Onewhosupplicatesorentreatsearnestly = supplicant
22. Onewhohasnarrowreligiousviews = bigot
23. Onewhoplaysforpleasure = amateur
24. Onewhoplaysformoney = professional
25. Onewhoeatstoomuch = glutton
26. Onewhofeedsonvegetables = vegetarian
27. Onewhoeatshumanflesh = cannibal
28. Onewhobreaksimagesandidols = iconoclast
29. Onewhoisover-enthusiasticaboutsomereligious
principlesorbeliefs = fanatic
30. Onewhowalksinsleep = somnambulist
31. Onewhotalksinsleep = somniloquent
32. Onewhomakesascientificstudyoflanguage = linguist
33. Onewhoknowsmanylanguages = polyglot
34. Onewhoenjoysanotherpersonsconfidence = confidant
35. Onewhoisappointedbypartiestosettledisputes = arbitrator
36. Onewhobreaksinahousetosteal = burglar
37. Onewhosailsaroundstoppingandrobbingshipsatsea = pirate
38. Onewhoabstainsfromalcoholicdrink = teetotaler

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39. Apersonwholeaveshisowncountryandgoestolive
inanother = emigrant
40. Apersonwhocomestoonecountryfromanothertosettle = immigrant
41. Tosendoutofonesnativecountry = expatriate
42. Onewholeadsothersinanyfield = pioneer
43. Onewhocommitsthefirstactofattack = aggressor
44. Onewhospeaksforothers = spokesman
45. Onewhowastesmoneyforluxury = extravagant
46. Onewhoisunabletopayhisdebt = insolvent/bankrupt
47. Onewhoabandonshisreligiousfaith = apostate
48. Onewhomakesaneloquentpublicspeech = orator
49. Onewhoundergoesthepenaltyofdeathfor
Persistenceinhisfaith = martyr
50. Achildwhoseparentsaredead = orphan
51. Amanwhosewifeisdead = widower
52. Awomanwhosehusbandisdead = widow
53. Apersonwhotakesadvantageofeverychangefor
Success,sometimestootherpeoplesdisadvantage = Opportunist
54. Agirlorwomanwhoflirts,thatis,triestoattract
Peopleandmakeadvancesinlovesimplyto
Satisfyhervanity = coquette
55. Apersonwhohasalongexperienceofanyoccupation = veteran
56. Apersonwhodoesclevertrickswhichappearmagical = conjuror
57. Apersonwhotravelsintoorthroughacountry
forthepurposeoflearningaboutit = explorer
58. Adiseasethatcanbespreadbytouch = contagious
59. Adiseasethatisfoundregularlyinaparticularplace = endemic
60. Adiseasethatcausesdeath = fatal
61. Achildbornafterthedeathofitsfather = posthumous
62. Achildbroughtupbypersonswhoarenotitsparents = foster-child
63. Havingatendencytobreakthelawtodosocially
unacceptablethings = delinquent
64. Adiseasecausedbybacteriaandpassedfromone
Persontoanother = infectious
65. Aremedyforallkindsofdiseases = panacea
66. Amedicinethatinducessleep = narcotic
67. Anofficewhichhasnoworkbuthighsalary = sinecure
68. Agameorbattleinwhichnopartygainsvictory = drawn
69. Aroundaboutwayofexpression = circumlocution
70. Astoryinwhichideasaresymbolizedaspeople = allegory

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71. Ashortsimplestorydesignedtoteachamoral
Orreligiouslesson = parable
72. Ashortstoryinwhichanimalsorobjectsspeaka
storythatgiveswholesomemorallesson = fable
73. Atalkbetweentwopeople = dialogue
74. Anoldstoryaboutgreateventsandpeople
Inancienttimes,whichmaynotbetrue = legend
75. Alongspeechforasingleactororactress,
usuallyaloneonastage = monologue
76. Anintroductiontoalongpoem,aplay,etc. = prologue
77. Aspeechmadebyoneoftheactorsattheendofaplay = epilogue
78. Astringofbeadsusedforprayer = rosary
79. Theactofspeakingaloudonesthoughtswhenalone = soliloquy
80. AspeechwhichisdeliveredwithoutanypreviousPreparation = extempore
81. Thefirstventureofaperson = maiden
82. Thelife-historyofamanwrittenbyhimself = autobiography
83. Thelife-historyofamanwrittenbysomeoneelse = biography
84. Animalswhichlivebothonlandandinwater = amphibians
85. Animalswhichliveinflocks = gregarious
86. Animalswhichgivemilkandsuckletheiryoungones = mammals
87. Ananimalwhichlivesonthefleshofothers = carnivorous
88. Animalswhichliveinwater = aquatic
89. Astylefullofwords = Verbose
90. Astyleinwhichawriterdisplayshisknowledge = pedantic
91. Repetitionorwritingwordforword = verbatim
92. Matterwrittenbyhand = manuscript
93. Wordsoppositeinmeaning = antonym
94. Wordsdifferentinmeaningbutsimilarinsound = homonym
95. Wordssimilarinmeaning = synonym
96. Anythingwhichisnolongerinuse = obsolete
97. Articlesoldbyonecountrytoanother = export
98. Articleboughtbyonecountryfromanother = import
99. Astatewhichisimpartialtoallreligions = secular
100. Thatwhichcannotbeheard = inaudible
101. Thatwhichcannotbeconsumedbyfire = incombustible
102. Thatwhichcannotbebelieved = incredible
103. Thatwhichcannotbeblotted = indelible
104. Thatwhichcannotbedeniedforquestioned = indisputable
105. Thatwhichcannotbecured = incurable
106. Thatwhichcannotbecorrectedorreformed = incorrigible
107. Thatwhichcannotbeexplained = inexplicable

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108. Thatwhichcannotbeexpressedinwords = inexpressible

109. Thatwithoutwhichonecantdo = indispensable
110. Thatwhichcannotbeextinguished = inextinguishable
111. Thatwhichcannotbeavoided = inevitable
112. Thatwhichnevertiresout = inexhaustible
113. Thatwhichcannotbeeasilyreached = inaccessible
114. Thatwhichcannotbeadmittedorallowed = inadmissible
115. Thatwhichcannotbedefended = indefensible
116. Thatwhichcannotbeexcused = inexcusable
117. Thatwhichcanbeeasilysetonfire = inflammable
118. Thatwhichneverfails = infallible
119. Thatwhichcanbeseenthrough = transparent
120. Thatwhichcannotbeseen = invisible
121. Thatwhichcannotberepaired = irreparable
122. Thatwhichcannotbeperceivedbythesenses = inperceptible
123. Thatwhichcannotbechanged = irrevocable
124. Thatwhichisnottothepoint = irrelevant
125. Thatwhichcannotbetakenbyforceorarms = impregnable
126. Incapableofbeingread = illegible
127. Incapableofbeingwounded = invulnerable
128. Incapableofbeingdivided = indivisible
129. Incapableofbeingdissolved = insoluble
130. Incapableofbeingunderstood = unintelligible
131. Incapableofbeingimitated = inimitable
132. Incapableofbeingpracticed = impracticable
133. Fittobechosen = eligible
134. Thatwhichcannotbeseenthrough = opaque
135. Thatwhichhappenseverytwoyears = biennial
136. Thatwhichhappenseveryfouryears = quadrennial
137. Thatwhichhappenseveryhalfyear = semiannual
138. Thatwhichoccurstimeaftertime = perennial
139. Thatwhichhappensonceinthreeyears = triennial
140. Amanwholeadsanimmorallife = libertine
141. Amedicinetocounteracttheeffectofpoison = antidote
142. Amedicinewhichcanloosenthebowels = laxative
143. Thescienceofspeechsound = phonetics
144. Thescienceofreasoning = logic
145. Thesciencewhichdealswiththederivationofwords = etymology
146. Relatedtothesun = solar
147. Relatedtothemoon = lunar

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148. Thepracticeofmarryingonlyonce = monogamy

149. Thepracticeofhavingtwowives/husbandsatime = bigamy
150. Thepracticeofmarryingmorethanonewifeatatime = polygamy
151. Thepracticeofmarryingmorethanonehusbandatatime = polyandry
152. Allowanceduetoawifeonlegalseparationfromherhusband = alimony
153. Propertyinheritedfromonesfatherorancestor = patrimony
154. Ofunknownorunadmittedauthorship = anonymous
155. Animaginarynameassumedbyanauthorfordisguise = pseudonym
156. Thecessationofwarfarebeforeatreatyissigned = armistice
157. Theactofviolatingthesanctityofthechurch = sacrilege
158. Theactofspeakingdisrespectfullyaboutsacredthings = blasphemy
159. Anofficeforwhichnosalaryispaid = honorary
160. Thesumpaidtoamanforhislabour = remuneration
161. Yearlyreturnofadate = anniversary
162. Compulsoryenlistmentofmilitaryandotherservices = conscription
163. Ofonesownfreewill = voluntary
164. Allofonemind = unanimous
165. Occurringatthesametime = simultaneous
166. Givetitfortat = retaliate
167. Afigurewithmanyanglesandsides = polygon
168. Totallossofvoice = aphonica
169. Onewhowalksonfoot = pedestrian
170. Onewhoisfoundofentertainingguests = hospitable
171. Onewhoisouttodestroyallgovernment,lawandorder = anarchist
172. Onewhoisrevengeful = vindictive
173. Onewhoisinterestedinoldthings,worksofartorbooks = antiquarian
174. Onewhodeceivesbypretendingtobesomeoneelse = impostor
175. Theworshipofidolsorimages = idolatry
176. Theoriginalinhabitantsofacountry = aborigines
177. Personswhoworkinthesamedepartmentofanoffice = colleagues
178. Asoldierwhofightsfortheshakeofmoney = mercenary
179. Aformalwrittenchargeagainstapersonforsome
Crimeofoffence = indictment
180. Forensicexaminationofadeadbody = postmortem
181. Engagedinwar = belligerent
182. Apersonwhohasmanyloveaffairswithoutintendingtomarry = philanderer
183. Apersonwhohelpsahelpesspersonsorstranger = Samaritan
184. Onewhocanuseeitherhandwithperfectease = ambidextrous
185. Thestateofabstentionfrommarriage = celibacy
186. Landthatgrowsthingsinabundance = fertile
187. Landthatdoesnotgrowanything = barren

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188. Adiseasethatspreadsoveralargearea = epidemic

189. Ahousewhichisvisitedbyghosts = ?
190. Theplacewhereclothesarekept = wardrobe
191. Apoliticalleaderwhotriestoappealtothefeelings
ofpeopletostirthemup = demagogue
192. Aplaceofrestandrecuperationforthesick = sanatorium
193. Aplacefortheburialofdeadbodies = cemetery
194. Aplacewherebirdsandbeastsarekeptforpublictosee = zoo
195. Apersonwhointroducestheperformers,speakersetc. = compere
196. Aplacewherebooksarebound = bindery
197. Aboastfulfellowwhobehavesrecklessly = swashbuckler
198. Aplacewherestone,slate,etc.isobtainedfor
building,road-makingetc. = quarry
199. Astructureerectedinremembranceofapersonorevent = monument
200. Agamblingden = casino
201. Closedvehicleforcarryingsickorwoundedpeople = ambulance
202. Forceofaircraftusedtoprotectamilitaryornavaloperation = air-cover
203. Listofthingstobedone,businesstobediscussed
byacommittee = agenda
204. Arecordoflistofonesancestorsintheorderof
successionofdescent = genealogy
205. Animaginaryplacewhereideallyperfectsocialand
politicalconditionsaresupposedtoexist = utopia
206. Paradiseoraplacewhereonegetssupremedelight
andpoliticalconditionsaresupposedtoexist = Elysium
207. Asmallsetorcommitteeoftopleaderswhichruns
theelectionfortheparty = caucus
208. Personwhopilotsortravelsinballoon,airshiporotheraircraft = aeronaut
209. Personwhowritesfromdictationfromsomebody = amanuensis
210. Personwhobelievesthatnothingcanbeknown
aboutGodorofanythingexceptmemorialthings = agnostic

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11.IDIOMS&PHRASES
1. To do something above board (fdlh dk;Z dks
[kqYye [kqYyk djuk): to do something openly,
withoutanysecrecyordeception
Allthepoliticalpartiescriticizeoneanotherabove
board
2. To settle ones account with (fglkc fdrkc
pqdrk djuk):topaywhatoneowestosomeone
Shehassettledheraccountwithme.
3. On account of (ds dkj.k): because of
Sheisabsentfromdutyonaccountofillness.
4. Withinanaceof (cky cky cp tkuk):failing,
escapingbyanarrowmargin
Thisoldmanwaswithinanaceofbeingrundown
byaspeedycar.
5. Toaddfuel tofire (?kh dk dke djuk):tosay
somethingthatmakespeoplereactmorestrongly
orfiercely
The leader added fuel to fire by provoking the
angrymobtoattackthepolicevan.
6. Rolling in the aisles (ga l h ls csg ky) : much
amused,helplesswithlaughter
Thiscomedianwillhavetheaudiencerollingin
theaisles.
7. Visits like those of angles (cgq r de vkuk
tkuk):rarevisits
Thesedayshervisitstoyourhousearelikethose
ofangles.
8. Ever and anon (;nk dnk) : now and then,
occasionallyHevisitsmyhouseeverandanon.
9. Upontheanvil (fuekZ.k ;k rS;kjh dh fLFkfr es)
a :
inthestateofformationorpreparation
Allhisprojectsareon/upontheanvil.
10. Godsape(tUe tkr eq[kZ):abornfool
SheisaGodsape.
11. To keep up appearances (ckgjh fn[kkok cuk;s
j[kuk) : to maintain a public impression of
prosperitydespiteunfavourableconditions
Mr.Sinha triedtokeepupappearancesdespite
heavylossinbusiness.
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12. Applepieorder (iw.kZ :i ls O;ofLFkr):perfect
order Shealwayskeepsherbooksinapplepie
order.
13. To upset the apple cart (lkjh ;kstuk, foiQy
dj nsuk):tothrowallplansinconfusion
Johns carelessness upset the apple cart of my
business.
14. Withopenarms ([kqys fny ls):cordially
The chief minister welcomed the advice of the
leaderoftheoppositionwithopenarms.
15. InthearmsofMorpheus(funzk dh xksn es) a :in
thelapofsleep
Aftercryingforanhour,thebabywentinthearms
ofMorpheus.
16. Atdaggersdrawn (dV~Vj 'k=kqrk es)
a :atgreat
enmityThebrethren of thiscommunity always
remainatdaggersdrawn.
17. Have an axe to grind (O;fDrxr LokFkZ j[kuk):
tohaveaselfishmotive
Ourleaderhasanaxetogrindinhelpingthese
children.
18. To be on ones back (chekj gksdj pkjikbZ ij
iM+ tkuk):tobeillinbed
Mr.Rajan,whousedtoworkformorethantwelve
hoursadayisonhisbacknow:a:days.
19. Back bite (ihB ihNs cq jkbZ djuk) : denounce
somebodyinhisabsence
Everyoneshouldavoidbackbiting.
20. A bag of bones (nqcyk iryk vkneh): a lean
andthinperson
Cancerhasmadehimabagofbones.
21. Tohold/keepsomebodyatbay (djus okys dks]
utnhd vkus ls jksduk):toprevent(anenemy,
purser)fromcomingnear
Wemusthold/keepourenemiesatbay.
22. To be at ones beads (iw t k ikB djuk) : to
workshipMyfatherisathisbeadseveryday.
23. Totellonesbeads (ekyk tiuk):tosayones
prayerWhydoesshetellherbeadsallday?
24. To spill the beans (xqIr lwpuk nsuk): to give
awaysecretinformation
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Thevillagerssplitthebeanstothepoliceabout
thekidnappedboy.
25. Abeargarden (dksykgy dk LFkku ;k nz';):a
placeorsceneoftumult
There was a bear garden in the meeting of the
ChiefMinister.
26. Tobearthelioninhisden ('ksj dh mldh ekaM
esa yydkjuk): to visit somebody important to
challengehim
Itisnotwiseforyoutobearthelioninhisden.
27. Tobeataboutthebush (b/j m/j dh csdkj dh
ckrs djuk):toapproachasubjectwithoutcoming
tothepoint
TheFinanceMinisterbeataboutthebushanddid
notgiveanyanswertothequestionoftheleader
oftheopposition.
28. Tobeatblackandblue(cgqr cqjh rjg ls ihVuk):
tobeatseverely
Theshopkeepersbeatthethiefblackandblue.
29. To beat the clock (fu/kZfjr le; ds vUnj dke
iwjk dj ysuk):todoorfinishsomethingwithinor
beforethetimeallowed
Hehasbeatentheclockinpayingoffhisdebts.
30. Bed and board (Hkkstu rFkk fuokl): food and
lodgingStudentsshouldbegivenproperbedand
boardinthehostel.
31. A bed of roses (iw Q yks a dh ls t ) : an easy,
comfortablesituation
Lifeisnotabedofroses.
32. A bed of thorns (dka V ks a dh ls t ) : a very
uncomfortablesituation
Lifeisabedofthorns.
33. To bear the bell (izFke LFkku izkIr djuk): to
getthefirstposition
Shehasbeenpraisedeverywhereforbearingthe
bellintheUniversityexamination.
34. Below the belt (vuqfpr :i ls): contrary to
theprinciplesoffairness
Hehithisenemybelowthebelt.
35. To tighten ones belt (de [kpZ djuk) : to
undergohardshippatiently;tobemorefrugal
Thesoldiersshouldtightentheirbeltswhilefighting
theirenemies.
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36. Onesbetterself (Lo;a dh egkurk):thehigher
partofonesnature,includingconscienceandgood
judgement
Tohonourthegeneralpublicisaleadersbetter
self.
37. Betweenthedevilandthedeepsea(,d rjiQ
dqvka nwljh rjiQ [kkbZ):inadilemmaHaving
helpedacriminallikehim
Mrs.Sinhahasfallenbetweenthedevilandthe
deep sea.
38. Grow too big for ones boots (vgadkj ls Hkj
tkuk):tobefilledwithpride
HavingstoodfirstintheUniversityExamination,
MissRimagot/growtoobigforherboots.
39. Totalkbig ('ks[kh ekjuk): toboast
HetalksbigofhisknowledgeinEnglish.
40. To kill two birds with one stone (,d rhj ls
nks f'kdkj djuk):toachievetwothingswitha
singleeffort
Acunningleaderlikehimoftenkillstwobirds
withonestone.
41. To bite ones lips (viuh Hkkouk dks Nq ikus dk
iz;kl djuk):torepressonesemotion
Knowingthefactthathissonhadstolenthemoney,
hebithislips.
42. Once bitten twice shy (,d ckj /ks[ kk [kkdj
lkokku):aperson,whohasbeencheated,hurt
etc.,islikelytobecautiousafterwards
Iwasoncebittentwiceshyintheauction.
43. Blackdog (mnklh):melancholy,theblues
Whenshelostthematch,theblackdogappeared
onherface.
44. Blackintheface (cgqr vf/d xqLlk):darkred
withanger
Hewasblackinthefacewhenhewasquarrelling
withhisnextdoorneighbor.
45. Blindmansbluff (yqdk fNih dk [ksy):game
ofhideandseek
Iamnotinterestedinablindmansbluff.
46. In cold blood (tku cw > dj) : deliberately;
ruthlesslyTheoldmankilledhisdaughterincold
blood.Bloodandthunder:sensationalliterature
Studentsshouldnotreadbloodandthunder.
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47. Abloodhorse (vjc uLy dk vaxzsth ?kksM+k):an
EnglishhorseofArabbreeds
Abloodhorseisverystronganduseful.
48. Blue blood (dqyhurk): alleged superiority by
reasonofbirth
JawaharlalNehruwasamanofblueblood.
49. To keep the pot boiling (thfodk pykuk): to
procurethenecessariesoflife
Thedeprivedsectionofthesocietyfeelsproblems
inkeepingthepotboiling.
50. Aboneofcontention(>xM+s dh oLrq):athing/
subjectofdispute
Kashmir is a bone of contention for India and
Pakistan.
51. Bornwithasilverspooninonesmouth (cgqr
/uh ifjokj esa tUe):borninaveryrichfamily
JawaharlalNehruwasbornwithasilverspoonin
hismouth.
52. Bottomdollar (vafre iSlk):thelastpenny
Hehasspentthebottomdollarhehad.
53. In the same box (,d gh LoHkko dk) : of the
samenature
Thehusbandandwifeareinthesamebox.
54. Brain drain (mPp iz f 'kf{kr yks x ks a dk vf/d
fodflr ns'k esa pyk tkuk):thelossoftrained
professionalpersonsasdoctors,engineersetc.to
a higher developed country India is facing the
problemofbraindrain.
55. To tax ones brain (fdlh dfBu dk;Z ds fy,
fnekx ij tksj nsuk):tosetoneselftoadifficult
task
I taxed my brain to solve this sum and finally
succeeded.
56. To make ones bread (vkthfodk dekuk): to
earnlivelihood
Imakemybreadbyhonestlabour.
57. Bread buttered on both sides ( c g q r
HkkX;'kkyh):fortunatecircumstances;verylucky
Mr.vermaenjoysthebreadbutteredonbothsides.
58. To break the ice (vkjEHk djuk) : to make a
beginning;toovercomereserve
Thehostbroketheicebyintroducingallhisguests
tooneanother.
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59. To hold ones breath (MkDVjh ijh{kk esa vFkok
v kos'k esaFkksM+
h nsj d s fy , l ka
l j ksd uk) :tostop
breathingforashorttime
Sheheldherbreathwhilethedoctorwasexamining
her.
60. To take away ones breath (vpEHks es a Mky
nsuk):tosurprise
Thenewsofhissonsdeathinanaccidenttook
awayhisbreath.
61. Tobridgethegulf (le>kSrk djuk):toremove
thedifferencesandreconcile
The two enemies bridged the gulf and became
friends.
62. Toprickthebubble (fdlh pht+ ds ckjs esa fdlh
dk Hkze Hkax djuk):todestroysomebodysillusion
aboutsomething
Herfailureintheexaminationprickedthebubble
ofherbrilliance
63. A drop in the bucket/ocean (cgqr gh ge): a
quantitytoosmalltomakeanimpact
Thebonusgiventotheemployeesisadropinthe
bucket/ocean.
64. Tobuildcastlesintheair (gokbZ fdys cukuk):
toindulgeindaydreamingorvisionaryschemes
Onlyafoolbuildscastlesintheair.
65. A bull market (oLrq v ksa ds ew Y ; esa o` f okyk
ckt+kj):marketwherepricesarerising
Patnamarketisabullmarket.
66. Abullseye(y{; fcanq):thecentreofthetarget
To get a government job is a bulls eye for an
unemployedyouth.
67. Totake abull bythe horns (fdlh eqf'dy dk
fgEer ls lkeuk djuk):tofaceadifficultyor
danger boldly. Whenever he finds himself in
trouble,hetakesabullbythehorns.
68. Toburythe hatchet (nq'euh lekIr djds nksLr
cu tkuk):tostopquarrellingandbecomefriends
Thetwoenemiesburiedthehatchetyesterday.
69. To miss the bus (ekSdk gkFk ls xaok nsuk): to
loseanopportunity
Awisemandoesnotmissthebusinlife.
69(b).Tobeataboutthebush:toavoidcomingtothe
point(vlyh ckr ij uk vkuk)
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Boththepartieswerebeatingaboutthebushin
court.
70. To call spade a spade (Li"V ckr djuk): to
speakinplainterms
Theaccusedcalledspadeaspadeincourt.
71. Toswallowacamel (cgqr lgu'khy gksuk): to
haveagreatpoweroftolerance
Hewascheatedbyhisfriendbutswallowinga
camelhedidnotgrumbleatall.
72. Feathers in ones cap (xkS j o dh okLrq ) :
somethingofwhichonemaybeproud
BecominganI.A.S.isfeathersinMohanscap.
73. Tothrowupthecards (vkReleiZ.k djuk):to
surrender
PakistanthrewupthecardsintheKargilWar.
74. To cast pearls before swine (HkSal ds vkxs chu
ctkuk):tooffervaluablethingstopersonswho
cannotappreciatethem
The famoussinger sanga classical song in the
function of the political leaders but it was like
castingpearlsbeforeswine.
75. To cast ones bread upon the waters (us d h
dj nfj;k esa Mky):todogoodthingswithout
expectinganythinginreturn
Atruesaintcastshisbreaduponwaters.
76. Tobellthecat(fcYyh ds xys esa ?kaVh cka/uk):to
attemptsomethingdangerous
Veryfewpeopledaretobellthecatthesedays.
77. Likea cat on hotbricks (cgqr ijs'kku): very
nervous.Youareleadingalifelikeacatonhot
bricks.
78. A cat and dog life (dyiw.kZ thou): a life in
whichparentsareconstantlyquarrelling
Myneighbourisleadingacatanddoglife.
79. A cats paw (nwljks ds gkFk dh dBiq ryh): a
personwhoisusedasatoolbyanother
Sheisacatspawofherboss.
80. Toraincatsanddogs (ewlyk/kj o"kkZ gksuk):to
rainveryheavily
Ithasbeenrainingcatsanddogssincelastnight.
81. Tolickoneschops:towaitwithpleasure
Iwaslickingmychopsfortheannouncementof
theresult.
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82. To work against the clock (tYnh tYnh dke
djuk):toworkfast
Thelabourersworkedagainsttheclockandwent
home.
83. Intheclouds(dkYifud lalkj es) a :inanunreal
world/imaginaryworld
HelivesinthecloudsofmarryingaMissIndia.
84. To carry coals to Newcastle (cka l cjs y h ys
tkuk):totakegoodstoaplacewheretheyare
alreadyplentiful
Offeringloanstoarichmanislikecarryingcoals
to Newcastle.
85. A cog in the machine/wheel (,slk O;fDr tks
fdlh cM+s laLFkku esa egRoghu in ij gks): a
person who plays a minor role in a large
organization,activityetc.
Peopledonotknowherbecausesheisjustacog
inthemachine(wheel).
86. Coldfish(,slk O;fDr ftlesa lkalkfjd ekuork dk
vHkko gks):personlackinginnormalcordiality,
sympathyorotherfeelings
Myfriendisacoldfish,soveryfewpeoplelike
him.
87. Prosandcons(rdZ&fordZ):argumentsforand
againstsomething
Theprosandconsofthestrikewerediscussedin
detail.
88. Tokeeponeselfcool (vius vkidksa 'kkar j[kuk):
toremaincalm
Shekeepsherselfcooleveninacriticalsituation.
89. To turn the corner: to pass through a crisis
safely
Onlythebraveturnthecorner.
90. Rough corners (xok#a O;ogkj) : boorish or
unsophisticatedmannersorcharacteristics
Heisnotoriousforhisroughcorners.
91. To count the cost (dke 'kq : djus ls igys
laHkkfor tksf[keksa ij fopkj djuk):toanticipate
theriskinvolvedinundertakingaventure
Awisemanalwayscountsthecost.
92. Dutchcourage('kjkc ihus ls vkus okyh fgEer):
couragethatcomesfromdrinking
He committed this crime because of his Dutch
courage.
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93. Fromthecradle (cpiu ls):sincechildhood
Hehasbeenluckyfromthecradle.
94. Cream ofthe shop (loksZke): the best
Pujaisthecreamoftheshopinthiscollege.
95. By hook or by crook (tS ls Hkh gks) : by one
meansoranother
HebecameaProbationaryOfficerbyhookorby
crook.
96. Off the cuff (vukSipkfjd :i ls fdlh ckr dh
lwpuk nsuk):(impartinginformation)unofficially
orinformally He has given me this
informationoffthecuff.
97. Toliftthecurtainon(lcdks crk nsuk):tomake
knownorpublic
He lifted the curtain on the secret marriage of
RamandSita.
98. Cut throat competition (cgq r vf/d Li/kZ ) :
verytoughcompetition
Thereisacutthroatcompetitionineverykindof
business.
99. SwordofDamocles(laHkkfor [krjk):imminent
dangerHefailedtoseetheswordofDamocles
andmetwithhisdestruction.
100. Deadtotheworld (xgjh uhan es)
a :fastasleep
The theft took place when the members of the
familyweredeadtotheworld.
101. Indeepwater(xgu ladV es)
a :ingreatdifficulty
Shedoesnotlosecourageandpatienceevenin
deepwater.
102. Togivethedevilhisdue ('k=kq ds lkFk Hkh U;k;
djuk):togivedeservedcrediteventoaperson
onedislikes
Itisthe demandofjusticetogivethedevilhis
due.
103. To raise the devil ('kksjxqy djuk): to cause a
disturbance
Theleaderoftheoppositionraisedthedevilinthe
assembly.
104. Todieinaditch (dk;j dh Hkkafr ejuk):todie
acowardlydeath
Abravesoldierhatesdyinginaditch.
105. To die in shoes (gR;k dj fn;k tkuk): to be
murderedAnhonestleaderoftendiesinshoes.
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106. To die in harness (vfUre le; rd dke
djrs&djrs ejuk):todiewhilestillworking
Hisfatherdiedinharness.
107. Dimanddistant (cgqr le; igys):longpast
TheSatiSystemwasinvoguedimanddistantin
oursociety.
108. Dull as dish water/Dull as ditch water (cgqr
T;knk mckmQ):extremelydull,boring
Mr.Sinhasspeechwasdullasdishwater/dullas
ditchwater.
109. A dogs chance (rfu Hkh vk'kk ugha): no hope
atall
Thereisadogschanceinhersurvival.
110. Awordinonesears (xqIr :i ls):secretly
He conveyed his message to her aword in her
ears.
111. A bad egg (,d csdkj ;k cksbZ e ku O;fDr) : a
worthlessordishonestperson
Thereisnoplaceforabadegginthisoffice.
112. To end in smoke (csdkj tkuk): to waste
Allhiseffortstomarryherendedinsmoke.
113. Aneyeforaneye (tSls dks rSlk):retaliation
Thepolicyofaneyeforaneyeisnotgood.
114. Afairweatherfriend(lkFk NksM+ nsus okyk nksLr):
apersonwhoceasestobeafriendwhenoneisin
trouble
Bewareofafairweatherfriend.
115. Afairweathersailor (eYykg ftlus rwiQku dk
lkeuk ugha fd;k gS):onewhohasneverfaceda
storm
Afairweathersailormayputyouindanger.
116. Tochewthefat (xi yM+kuk):tochat
Afoolwasteshistimechewingthefat.
117. To find favour with (fdlh dk leFkZ u iz k Ir
djuk):tobeapprovedofbysomeone
Ramsproposalfoundfavourwithamajority.
118. To feel in ones bones (vkus okyh fdlh ?kVuk
ds ckjs esa iwokZ H kkl gksu k) : to know or sense
somethingintuitively
Hefeltinhisbonesthathewouldbekilled.
119. Ononesfeet([kM+s gq,):inastandingposition
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Whyhaveyoukeptthelittlegirlonherfeet?
120. To play first fiddle (eq[;k Hkwfedk fuHkkuk): to
playtheprominentrole
Hehasplayedfirstfiddleinyourmarriage.
121. To burn ones finger (vfoosdiw.kZ <ax ls dksbZ
dk;Z djds ?kk;y gksuk):tosufferinjurybyacting
rashly
Heburnthisfingerbyslappingacriminal.
122. To play with fire (vkx ls [ksy uk) : to take
foolishrisk
Beatingacriminalwaslikeplayingwithfirefor
Manoj.
123. Tofightfirewithfire (tSls ds lkFk rSlk O;ogkj
djuk):returnlikeforlike
The policy of fighting fire with fire should be
avoided.
124. To go through fire and water (fdlh [krjs dk
cgknqjh ls lkeuk djuk):tobraveanydangeror
endureanytrial
Weshouldgothroughfireandwatertoprotect
theintegrityofourcountry.
125. Todrinklikeafish (vR;f/d efnjkiku djuk):
todrinkexcessively
Hecannotbehaveproperlybecausehehasdrunk
likeafish.
126. Other fish to fry (;ku nsus ;ksX; vU; ckrs):
othermattersrequiringattention
ImustgonowbecauseIhaveotherfishtofry.
127. Tofitsomebodylikeaglove(Bhd fiQV gksuk):
tofitthewearerperfectlyinsizeandshape,tobe
verysuitableandaccurate
Hercoatfitsherlikeaglove.
128. Fleshandblood (viuh Hkkoukvksa vkSj detksfj;ksa
ds lkFk ekuo LoHkko): human nature with its
emotions,weaknesses,etc.
Fleshandbloodcanstandmorethanhumannature
canbear.
129. To make a persons blood creep (Hk;Hkhr dj
nsuk):tofrightenorhorrifyhim
Theterroristsmademybloodcreep.
130. Tofoamatthemouth (cgqr ks/ esa gksuk): to
beextremelyangry
The headmaster foamed at the mouth to see
Mohanteasingagirl
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131. To act/play the fool (ew[kZrkiw.kZ O;ogkj djuk):
tobehavestupidly
Itisnotexpectedfromaprofessortoact/playthe
fool.
132. Tobenobodysfool (le>nkj): tobewise
Ramsfatherissurethatheisnobodysfool.
133. Totryonesfortune(tksf[ke Hkjk dne mBkuk):
totakeariskystep,totryonesluck
Hetriedhisfortuneingambling.
134. Withafreehand(mnkjrk ls):generously
Ihelptheneedypersonwithafreehand.
135. To make ones blood freeze (fdlh dks cgq r
vf/d Mjkuk):tofillonewithterror
Dontmakeachildsbloodfreeze.
136. To play the game (fu;ekuqlkj O;ogkj djuk):
tobehaveinaccordancewiththerules
Everypublicservantshouldplaythegame.
137. Togetintohotwater (ijs'kkuh esa iaQl tkuk):
togetintotrouble
BeingcaughtredhandedbytheC.B.I.,shehas
gotintohotwater.
138. To get the right scent (fdlh jgL; dk lq jkx
ikuk):togetacluetosomemystery
Thepolicehavegottherightscentoftherobbers.
139. Togiveuptheghost (ej tkuk):todie
TherenownedfilmstarAmrishPurigaveupthe
ghoston12thjan.,2005.
140. Tobehandinglovewith (pksyh nkeu dk lkFk
gksuk):tobeveryintimatelyassociated(with)
SeemaishandinglovewithSunita.
141. Tohandlesomebodywithkidgloves (lw>&cw>
ls O;ogkj djuk):totreatwithextremetactor
gentleness
Weshouldhandleourchildrenwithkidgloves.
142. The golden rule (Lof.kZ e fu;e) : a very
importantruleofconduct
Hospitalityisthegoldenruleoflife.
143. Good for nothing (csdkj): worthless
Hisoldcoatisgoodfornothing.
144. To cook ones goose (v/q j s fo'okl ds lkFk) :
toruinoneschancesorplanscompletely
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I disclosed my secrets and cooked my goose
myself.
145. Withgoodgrace (LosPNk ls):willingly
Shehelpsherfriendswithgoodgrace.
146. With a grain of salt (iwj h rUe;rk ls) : with
reservations
Ibelieveherwithagrainofsalt.
147. Grapes from thorns (fdlh vla H ko pht dh
mEehn):expectationofsomethingimpossible
Itisfoolishofyoutogetgrapesfromthorns.
148. To have one foot in the grave (e`R;q ds djhc
gksuk):tobeneardeath
Thisseriouspatienthasonefootinthegrave.
149. Gravytrain (lqxe vkSj vkdfLed /u dk Lkzksr):
sourceofmuchoreasymoney
Smugglingisagravytrain.
150. Green eyed (bZ";kZyq): jealous
Nobodylikesagreeneyedman.
151. Likegrimdeath (n`<+rk ls):veryfirmly
Heclimbedthetreelikegrimdeath.
152. The daily grind (fnu&iz f rfnu dk dke) :
everydaywork
Studentsshouldcompletethedailygrindregularly.
153. Tosplithairs (cky dh [kky fudyuk):tofind
faultwith
Hesplithairsofmyeveryachievement.
154. Haleandhearty (Hkyk paxk):veryhealthy
Thebeggarishaleandhearty.
155. Hammer and tongs (iwj s tksj 'kksj ds lkFk) :
withgreatnoiseorvigour
Thevictoryofthepartywascelebratedhammer
andtongs.
156. Tohandinonescheek (ej tkuk):todie
MyelderbrotherhandedinhischeeksintheKargil
war.
157. Tofly offthe handle (cgqr mksftr gksuk): to
becomeveryagitatedorangry
Whenheteasedher,sheflewoffthehandle.
158. Hardandfastrules (l[r fu;e):strictrules/
principles
Ourschoolhasmadesomehardandfastrulesfor
boysandgirls.
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159. Hatinhand(fouezrk ls):humbly,respectfully
Hetalkedtomehatinhand.
160. Underoneshat (xqIr):confidential;private
Theirloveaffairsundertheirhatsarenowknown.
161. To take up the hatchet (;q dh rS;kjh djuk):
topreparefororgotowar
TheIndianArmyistakingupthehatchet.
162. Tohavecleanhands (iwjh rjg ls funksZ"k gksuk):
tobeveryperfectlyinnocent
Hehascleanhandsinthefodderscam.
163. To have irons in the fire (gkFk es a dbZ dke
gksuk):tohavemanyprojectsinhand
IdonotvisityouthesedaysbecauseIhaveirons
inthefire.
164. To keep ones head above water (dfBukbZ esa
larqyu cuk, j[kuk): to manage or survive a
difficultexperience
Awiseandbravemankeepshisheadabovewater.
165. Tohavetheheartofstone (dBksj n; gksuk):
tofeelnopity
Herhusbandhastheheartofstone.
166. In the seventh heaven (lkros vkleku es a ) :
extremelyhappy
Hearing the news of his selection in the P.O.
examination,hewasintheseventhheaven.
167. Heavy tidings (cqjs lekpkj): bad news
Shewasshockedtoheartheheavytidingsofher
dismissal.
168. Cat in hells chance (fdlh izdkj dh lEHkkouk
u gksuk):nochanceatall
Itisacatinhellschanceofhiscomingtoday.
169. Highanddry (vlgk; NksM+ nsuk):abandoned
Highanddry childrenshould be helped bythe
government.
170. Highandmighty (?keaMh):arrogant
Thehighandmightyisnothonouredinsociety.
171. Highdays and holidays (R;kSgkj rFkk mRlo ds
volj):festivalsandoccasions
Weenjoyhighdaysandholidaysverymuch.
172. Ahillofbeans (de ewY; dh oLrq):athingof
littlevalue
Youroldwatchisahillofbeans.
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173. Tohitthedeck(tehu ij fxj tkuk):tofallto
theground
Theoldmanhitthedeckandbrokehisrightleg.
174. Toholdoneshorses (vius ij fu;a=k.k j[kuk):
torestrainoneself
Eveninangerareasonablemanholdshishorses.
175. Fromthe horsesmouth (fo'oluh; Lkzksr ls):
fromareliablesource
Ihavegotthisinformationfromthehorsesmouth.
176. Hot under the collar (ks/): angry
ThePrincipalwashotunderthecollartoknow
thatsomeoftheteachershadplottedagainsthim.
177. Theinnsandouts(fdlh fo"k; dk foLr`r Kku):
Thedetailsandcomplexities
Iknowtheinsandoutsoftheproblem.
178. To have too many irons in the fire (dbZ dk;Z
,d lkFk dju):Topayattentiontomanypieces
of work at the same time; Do various things
simultaneously
Ourministerhastoomanyironsinthefire.
179. To force the issue (fdlh fo"k; ij dksbZ fu.kZ;
Fkksiuk):Tocompeldecisiononsomematter
Theprincipalforcedtheissuewithoutknowing
the views of the members of the management
committee.
180. To take issue ( v l g e r g k s u k ) : To be in
disagreement
Itookissuewithhimonthismatter.
181. ToJumpthelight(;krk;kr ds fu;eksa dk mYYka?ku
djuk):Toviolatethetrafficrules
Hewasdetainedbythetrafficpoliceforjumping
thelight.
182. To wait for the cat to jump (dk;Zokgh djus esa
foyEc djuk tc rd fLFkfr lkiQ u gks tk,):To
delaytakingactionoradecisionuntilitbecomes
clearhoweventswillturnout
Thegovernment waitsforthecattojumpover
theKashmirissue.
183. Tokeepaneyeon (xkSj ls fuxjkuh djuk):To
watchoverclosely
Theguardkeepsaneyeontheschoolchildren.
184. Under lock and key (iwjh lqj{kk): Under great
safety
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Theprisonerswerebroughttothedistrictcourt
underlockandkey.
185. Tobedressedtokill (,sls lqanj oL=k iguuk dh
ns[kus okyk jh> tk,): To be dressed so as to
attractattention,admirationespeciallyfromthe
oppositesex
Sheisdressedtokillayoungman.
186. Undertheknife (O;k[kh;k ds vUrxZr):Undera
surgical
Heisundertheknifefortheremovaloftumour.
187. Likeaknifethroughbutter (cgqr vklkuh ls):
Veryeasily
Shegotherworkdonelikeaknifethroughbutter.
188. A lame duck (osdkcw) : One who is disabled,
helpless,ineffectiveorinefficient
Hiswifeisalameduck.
189. Thelaststraw(igys gh cgqr dke):Anaddition
toataskwhichstrainsonespatiencetothelimit
Thelaststrawbecamethecauseofhisdeath.
190. Toputthelasthandto (lekIr ;k iwjk djuk):
Tofinishorcomplete
Thepainterputthelasthandtothepicturewithin
thelasttenminutes.
191. Alaughingstock (migkl dh oLrq):Anobject
ofridicule
Myfriendsbrotherisalaughingstock.
192. Toleadbythenose (fdlh dks iwjh rjg fu;af=kr
djuk):Tocontrolsomebodycompletely
Thecriminalleadsmanyamanbythenose.
193. French leave (fcuk vuq e fr ds vuq i fLFkfr) :
Absencewithoutpermission
TheclerkisenjoyingFrenchleavetoday.
194. Tobeall legs (paxk gksdj pyus):Tobeavery
tallandthinperson
Mr.RamisalllegsbecauseofT.B.
195. Tobeononesleg (yEck vkSj cgqr nqcyk O;fDr
gksuk):Tobewellenoughtowalkaboutafterillness
Thispatientisonhislegsnow.
196. The leisured classes (vkjkeryc yks x k) :
Luxuriouspeople
The leisured classes waste their time in merry
making
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197. Outonalimb([krjukd fLFkfr es)a :inadangerous
situation
Thelivesofthesesoldiersareoutonalimb.
198. The limb of the devil/Satan ('kS r ku cPpk) :
mischievouschild
Hisyoungestsonisthelimbofthedevil/Satan.
199. To escape with life and limb (tku cp tkuk
rFkk ?kko Hkh uk gksuk):toescapeunhurt
Thecriminalescapedwithlifeandlimbinthis
encounterwiththepolice.
200. Thelionsshare(T;knk cM+k ;k lcls cM+k Hkkx):
largerorlargestpart
Theleaderofthegangtakesthelionssharein 213. Tomeettheear (lqukbZ iM+uk):tobeaudible
thebooty.
201. Lion in the way (ck/k): a hindrance
Abravemanovercomesallthelionsinthewayof 214. Tomeetonesmatch (vius tSlh ;ksX;rk] {kerk
hisgoal.
202. Lions mouth ([krjukd fLFkfr): a dangerous
situation
ThepoliceInspectorisinthelionsmouththese
days.
203. Loaves and fishes (O;fDrxr ykHk) : personal
profitas amotiveforreligious,professional or
publicservice
Thehonesthateloavesandfishes.
204. Lock,stockandbarrel(iwjh rjg ls):completely
ThecriminalhascapturedMr.Ramlalsfactory
lock,stockandbarrel.
205. To lower ones sights (de egRodka{ kh gksuk):
tobelessambitious
Iadvisedhimtolowerhissights.
206. Thedevilsownluck (cgqr vPNk HkkX;): Very
goodluck
Shewasbornwiththedevilsownluck.
207. Tomakeamanbleed (fdlh dk 'kks"k.k djuk):
tovictimizesomebody
Itiswrongtomakeamanbleed.
208. Tomakeaonesmark (liQyrk izkIr djuk):
toattainsuccess;toachieveonesambition
AnupJalotahasmadehismarkasasinger.
209. Man of letters (lkfgfR;d vkneh) : man of
literature
RavindranathTagorewasamanofletters.
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210. Tothelastman(gj vkneh):withnoexception;
everyone
Thesoldierswerehonouredtothelastman.
211. Man in the moon (dfYir O;fDr) : very rare
person
Dr.Vermahasbecomeamaninthemoonthese
days.
212. Dead mens shoes (fdlh ds ,dk,d pys tkus
ls izkIr dh xbZ izksUufr):jobthatonetakesover
fromsomebodywhohasleftunexpectedlyordied
He got early promotion by stepping into dead
mensshoes.
Your argument has met the ear of the higher
authority.
vkSj nz<+rk okys O;fDr ls eqykdkr gksuk) :tomeet
somebodywhohasasmuchskill,determination,
etc.asoneselfandperhapsmore
HethoughthimselfascholarinEnglishbuthehas
methismatchnow.
215. Middleof theroad (vkSlr ntsZ dk): average
Heisastudentofthemiddleoftheroad.
216. To be in two minds (vleatl esa iM+uk): in a
dilemma
IwasintwomindswhenIhadtotakeadecision.
217. Tomindthedoor (gksf'k;kj jguk):tobealert
Weshouldmindthedooroftheantiparty.
218. Manymoonsago (cgqr le; iwoZ):alongtime
ago
Thisincidenttookplacemanymoonsago.
219. Inamuck (cqjh gkyr es)
a :inanuntidystate
Youshouldnotleaveyourbooksinamuck.
220. Music to ones ears ([kq'k[kcjh): good news
Shewasoverjoyedtohearmusictoherears.
221. Tooth and nail (iwjh 'kfDr ls): with all ones
resourcesorenergy
IndiafoughttoothandnailagainstPakistan.
222. Onthenails (rRdky):onthespot,atonce
Objectivequestionshavebeensolvedonthenails.
223. Brave new world (,d uk;d lq / kjoknh ;q x
ftlesa kafr dkjh ifjorZu ys x, gks):anewera
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resultingfromrevolutionarychanges,reforms,etc.
insociety
Abravenewworldhascomeinpolitics.
224. Tofollowones nose (varcksZ/ ls viuk ekxZn'kZu
djuk):toguideoneselfbyinstinct
The man/woman who follows his/her nose is
honourable.
225. To pay through the nose (vf/d ewY ; nsuk):
topayanexcessiveprice
We have to pay through the nose even for the
onion.
226. To poke ones nose into (gLr{ksi djuk) : to
interfere
Itisyourbadhabittopokeyournoseintomyprivate
matter.
227. Next to nothing (djhc&djhc u ds cjkcj) :
almostnothing
Heinheritedfromhisancestorsnexttonothing.
228. Hard/toughnut (tocrack) (dfBu leL;k): a
difficultproblemorsituation
Airpollutionisatoughnuttocrack.
229. The nuts and bolts (cqfu;knh fooj.k) : basic
practicaldetails)
Theministerhasthenutsandboltsofhisportfolio.
230. Notfornuts(fdlh Hkh gkyr esa ugha):underno
circumstances
Iwillmarryhernotfornuts.
231. Toputonesoarin (fcuk ekaxs lykg nsuk):to
interferewith
Dontputyouroarinwhentwomenaretalking.
232. Topullagoodoar (dq'ky ukfod gksuk):tobe
efficientoarsmen
Heshouldpullagoodoar.
233. To rise to the occasion (volj iM+us ij viuh
{kerk fn[kkuk):toproveoneselfabletodealwith
anunexpectedsituation,problemetc.
MyfriendrosetotheoccasionwhenIneededhis
help.
234. Oddandeven (HkkX; fu.kZ; dk [ksy):gameof
chance
Shewononethousandrupeesinoddandeven.
235. Tooilsomeoneshandorpalm (?kwl nsuk):to
bribesomeone
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Oiltheofficershandandgetyourworkdone.
236. Tooilonestongue (uezrk ls cksyuk):tospeak
politely
Heoilshistonguewhenhetalkstome.
237. Toholdouttheolivebranch ('kkafrokrkZ ds fy,
rS;kj jguk):tobereadytohaveapeacetalk
Pakistanshouldholdouttheolivebranch.
238. Once in a blue moon (cgq r gh de) : very
rarely
Goldenchancescomeonceinabluemooninlife.
239. By ones and twos (,d&,d ;k nks&nks djds):
oneortwoatatime
Audiencebegantoleavethemeetingbyonesand
twos.
240. With open arms (cM+ s iz s e ls ) : with great
affection
Theywelcomedtheguestswithopenarms.
241. Likeanoven (cgqr T;knk xje): veryhot
Theenvironmentislikeanoventoday.
242. Over and above (blds vfrfjDr): besides
IhaveashirtoverandabovetwoT-shirts.
243. Tothrowoverboard(ifjR;kx djuk):toreject
orabandon
After failing in the first match, he has thrown
overboardbytheteam.
244. Togetones back (cnyk ysuk): to take ones
revenge
Sumitisafraidlesthisfriendshouldgethisown
backonhim.
245. At a snails pace (dNq , dh pky ls) : very
slowly
Heissickthesedaysandmovesatasnailspace.
246. Topaddleonesowncanoe(vius vki ij fuHkZj
jguk):todependononeselfalone
Hewastedmuchmoneytofindservicebutnow
heispaddinghisowncanoe.
247. Pain in the neck (ijs'kku djus okyk O;fDr ;k
oLrq):annoyingorboringpersonorthing
Yourfriendisidle;heisactuallypainintheneck.
248. Beyond the pale (lhek ls ijs): beyond the
limitsofpropriety,courtesy,protection,safety
Hispleadingwasbeyondthepale.
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249. Toputpentopaper (fy[kuk izkjaHk djuk): to
begintowrite
ThepressreporterputpentopaperwhentheChief
Gueststartedspeaking.
250. Tobreakthepeace ('kkafr Hkax djuk):tocause
disturbance
Indisciplinedstudentsbreakthepeaceintheclass.
251. To set/put (somebody) on a pedestal (vf/d
vknj nsuk):toglorify,idealize
Hesetshisteacheronapedestal.
252. To peg away (at something) (MV dj dke
djuk):toworkhardandpersistently
Hepeggedawayatfactorylastyearandearned
alotofmoney.
253. To pick holes in anothers coat (fdlh esa nks"k
ryk'kuk ;k voxq.k <wa<uk):toseekoutfaultsin
himorinhisconduct
Goodpeopledontpickholesinanotherscoat.
254. To be in the picture (ekeys ls ifjfpr gksuk):
tobefamiliarwiththematter
Sheisinthepictureinthiscrime.
255. Pieinthesky(>wBh vk'kk,):theillusoryaspects
offuturebenefits
Weshouldnotdependonpieinthesky.
256. Onespigeon(mkjnkf;Ro):onesresponsibility
orbusiness
It is not my pigeon to manage money for her
marriage.
257. Topipeoneseye(iwQV&iwQVdj jksuk):toweep
bitterly
Heispipinghiseyeathisfathersdeath.
258. Topay thepiper (fdlh pht dk [kpZ mBkuk):
topaythecostofsomething
Youwillhavetopaythepiperforwhatyoudo.
259. Tobepolesapart(,d nqljs ls dkslksa nwj gksuk):
tobewidelyseparated
Thegovernmentanditsemployeesarepolesapart
ontheissueofdemands.
260. Topopthequestion (fookg dk izLrko j[kuk):
toproposemarriage
Hepoppedthequestiontoherandsheaccepted
it.
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261. To be beaten at the post (va f re{k.k es a gkj
tkuk):toloseatthelastmoment
India was beaten at the post in hockey against
Australia.
262. To pour cold water (fu#Rlkfgr djuk) : to
discourage
Dontpourcoldwateronhisplan.
263. Topouroilontheflames (vkx esa ?kh Mkyuk):
to make anger more intense, make a quarrel
bitterer
Youshouldnotpouroilontheflames.
264. Printers devil (eqnz .kky; esa dke lh[kus okyk
yM+dk): the youngest apprentice in a printing
office
Thisboyisaprintersdevil.
265. Puddingface(iwQyk gqvk psgjk):largefatface
Yourgrandfatherhasapuddingface.
266. Tohuffand puff (cqjh rjg Fkd tkus ds dkj.k
xgjh lkal ysuk):tobreatheheavilyorrapidly
becauseoneisexhausted
Hewashuffingandpuffingwhenhereachedthe
schoolrunning.
267. To pull somebodys leg (etkd esa Vkax f[kpkbZ
djuk):tomakefunofsomebody
Ihavewarnedhimofpullingmyleg.
268. To pull no punches (fdlh Hkh iz dkj ls viuh
vkykspuk de u djuk):nottosoftenonescriticism
inanyway
Ramupullednopunchesandhumiliatedher.
269. To pull ones punches ({kerk gksrs gq, Hkh tksj
ls vke.k u djuk):toattacklessvigorously
thanoneisableto
Hepullshispunchesevenwhenhisenemyattacks
him.
270. Born in purple (jkt?kjkus esa tUe): born in a
royalfamily
Sheisborninpurple.
271. To push ones luck ( [k rj k mB k uk ] Hk kX ;
vktekuk) : to take ever increasing risks or
chances
Everyoneshouldpushhisluck.
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272. Asixty-four-dollarquestion(,slk egRoiw.kZ iz'u
ftldk mkj dfBu gks):an/theimportantquestion
thatisverydifficulttoanswer
WhetherIndiawillsignCTBTisasixty-four-dollar
question.
273. Fromragstoriches(vR;ar xjhch ls oSHko rd):
fromextremepovertytowealth
Hehasabettertasteoflifefromragstoriches.
274. Togo off therails (xM+cM+ gks tkuk ;k dkcw ls
ckgj gks tkuk):tobecomedisorganizedorgoout
ofcontrol
Hermindhasgoneofftherailsthesedays.
275. A red letter day (eaxy fnol): an/auspicious
day
The15thAugustisaredletterdayinthehistoryof
India.
276. Torideforafall ([krjk eksy ysuk): totakea
risk
IwillrideforafalltoswimacrosstheGanga.
277. To rip open old sores (iqjkuk >xM+k fiQj 'kq:
djuk):toresumeonolddispute
Myneighbourtriestoripopenoldsores.
278. To rise and shine (fcLrj NksM + u k vkS j lf;
gksuk):togetoutofbedandbeactive
Thefatheraskedhissontoriseandshine.
279. To rise to ones feet ([kM+ k gks u k tkuk) : to
standup
Asthecommandantordered,thesoldiersroseto
theirfeet.
280. To rule the roost (fdlh lewg esa ize q[ k O;fDr
gksuk):tobeadominantpersoninagroup
NitishKumarrulestheroostintheJD(U).
281. Undertherose (xqIr :i ls):privately
Theirmarriagewasarrangedundertherose.
282. To gather lifes roses (thou dh [kqf'k;ka ryk'k
djuk):toseekthepleasuresoflife
Dosomethinggood,stopthehabitofgathering
lifesrosesinmisdeeds.
283. A rough diamond (LoHkko dk vPNk fdUrq
vlqlLa r O;fDr):aperson,whoisgoodnatured,
butlackingpolishedmanners,education,etc.
Yourelderbrotherisaroughdiamond.
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284. Ahardrowtothehoe(dfBu dk;Z):adifficult
taskorassignment
Beingalazystudent,hefindsstudyahardrowto
thehoe.
285. Tocutandrun(Hkkx tkuk):tomakeaquickor
sudden escape
Theprisonercutandranawayquickly.
286. Toruninthesamegroove(feytqydj pyuk):
toadvanceinharmony
Thegovernmentandtheoppositionshouldrunin
thesamegroovefortheprosperityofthecountry.
287. Sadder but wiser (dVq vuqHko us ftudh vka[ksa
[kksy nh gks):havinglearntsomethingimportant
fromamistakeorfailure
Hisfailureshavemadehimsadderbutwiser.
288. To scrimp and save (cgqr de iSlksa ls xq tjk
djuk):tomanagetoliveonverylittlemoney
Hehadtoscrimpandsavetopayoffhisdebts.
289. A sea of troubles (eq lhcr dk ?kj) : an
overwhelmingmassoftroubles
Politicsisaseaoftroubles.
290. A word in season (mi;q D r volj ij nh xbZ
lykg):adviceatatimewhenitislikelytobe
useful
Youradviceisawordinseason.
291. Asettledweather (LoPN;k 'kkar ekSle):clear,
calmweather
Theyvisitedmyhouseinasettledweather.
292. To keep ones shirt on ('kkar jguk): not lose
onestemper
Yourbrotherkeepshisshirtoneveninacritical
situation.
293. To die in ones shoes (dkZO; ikyu djrs tgq,
ej tkuk):todieinharness
Somesoldiersdiedintheirshoesattheborder.
294. Torub shoulders with (fdlh ds lkFk laidZ esa
vkuk] ?kqy fey tkuk):tominglewith
He lives peacefully rubbing his shoulders with
othersinsociety.
295. To sit on ones hands (gkFk ij gkFk j[ks cS Bs
jguk):todonothing
Youcannotearnyourlivelihoodsittingonyour
hands.
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296. A sitting duck (og O;fDr ;k oLrq ftl ij
vklkuh ls geyk fd;k tk lds):apersonofthing
thatisaneasytargettoattack
Thepoorvillagers are thesitting ducks forthe
terrorists.
297. Slipthroughonesfingers (idM+ esa uk vkuk):
failtograspanopportunity
Thechanceslippedthroughmyfingers.
298. A snake in the grass (vkLrhu dk lka i ) : a
secretenemy
Yourfriendisasnakeinthegrass.
299. Sons ofa gun (cnek'k): rogue, rascal
Avoidthecompanyofthesonsofagun.
300. Fairlyandsquarely(bekunkjh ls):honestly
Theheadmasterdealswithhis staffsfairlyand
squarely.
301. Anarrowsqueak (cky&cky cpuk):anarrow
escape
The passengers escaped a narrow squeak in a
busaccident.
302. Tostealtheshow:toattractthemostattention
andpraise(especiallyunexpectedly)
Thefilmhasseveralactorsbutthenewonehas
stolentheshow.
303. To steer clear of (vyx jguk): to stay away
from
The doctor advised him to steer clear of
intoxication.
304. Astick-in-the-mud(:f<+oknh):apersonwho
resistschange
Yourgrandfatherisastick-in-the-mud.
305. A storm in a tea cup (csd kj dk gks& gYyk) :
muchadoaboutnothing
Thenuisancewasastorminateacup.
306. A cock and bull story (rdZghu] csrqdk cgkuk):
anabsurdandimprobablestoryespeciallyoneused
as anexcuse)
HetoldmeacockandbullstorywhenIasked
himthereasonforhisbeinglate
307. A yellow streak (dk;jrk) : cowardice in
somebodyscharacter
He has a yellow streak, so he cannot take any
riskinlife.
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308. Atfullstretch(iw.kZ {kerk ds lkFk):tothelimit
ofonesability
Sheispreparingfortheexaminationatfullstretch.
309. To keep on a string (iwj k&iwj k dkcw j[kuk ;k
fu;a=k.k djuk):tohavecontrolorholdover(a
person)Hisfatherkeepsonastringoverhim.
310. Onthestroke (Bhd oDr ij): at right time
Hespokethetruthonthestroke.
311. A stumbling block (vojks/): an obstacle
Idonthaveanystumblingblockonthepathof
myprogress.
312. Betweensunandsun (lw;ksZn; ls lw;kZLr rd):
fromsunrisetosunset
Heworkshardbetweensunandsun.
313. Toseethesun (tUe ysuk):tobeborn
Shesawthesunin1992.
314. AmonthofSundays (le; dh yEch vof/):A
longperiodoftime
It passed a month of Sundays and my work
remainedincomplete.
315. All and sundry (fcuk Hks n &Hkko ds lHkh) :
Everyonewithoutdistinction
Grains and clothes were distributed to all and
sundry.
316. Tosweeptheboard(lkjs buke thruk):Towin
alltheprizes
Beingashrewdgamblerheswepttheboard.
317. Togowithaswing (iwjh y; j[kuk):Tohavea
strongrhythm
The singer went with a swing in the party last
night.
318. Swingsandroundabouts (ykHk&gkfu ds larqfyr
gksus dh oLrq):Amatterofbalancingprofitsagainst
losses
The businessman must have swings and
roundaboutsinthebusiness.
319. Atonefellswoop(,d gh >iVs es)
a :inasingle,
deadlyaction
Therobberssnatchedthemoneybagatonefell
swoopandfled.
320. Todrawthesword(yM+kbZ 'kq: djuk):tobegin
a war
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Shehasdrawntheswordwithherinlawsagainst
exploitation.
321. Tosheatheasword (yM+kbZ dk var djuk):to
stopafight
Pakistan should sheathe a sword and make
friendshipwithIndia.
322. Totake(somebody) heed (lpsr jguk):tobe
careful
Takeheedlestyoushouldfail.
323. To get tanked up (u'ks esa /q r gksuk) : to get
drunk
Ranagottankeduplastnight.
324. Wearandtear(lkekU; iz;ksx ds dkj.k gksus okyh
{kfr):damagecausedbyordinaryuse
The carpet could not stand up to the wear and
tearofcontinueduse.
325. Thekingofterror (e`R;q): death
Everybodyhastomeetthekingofterror.
326. Thick and fast (tYnh&tYnh ,oa i;kZ Ir la[;k
es)
a :rapidlyandingreatnumbers
Thevolunteerswerecomingthickandfastinthe
floodaffectedareas.
327. Tobeskatingonthinice (uktqd elys ij ckrs
djuk):totalkaboutordosomethingthatcan
causedisagreement,protestorothertrouble
Youshouldbetactfulinskatingonthinice.
328. To cut ones own throat (vius ikao esa vius
vki dqYkgkM+h ekjuk):tobringaboutonesown
ruin
She cut her own throat quarrelling with her
husband.
329. Tobeinthethroesof(la?k"kZ djuk):struggling
withthetaskof
Thearmywasinthethroesofreorganization.
330. To go with the tides (le;kuqlkj dk;Z djuk):
workaccordingtocircumstances
Thepeople,whogowiththetidesnever,suffer
loss.
331. Totietheknot:tomarry
Shewilltietheknotnextyear.
332. Fulltilt(iwjh rkdr ds lkFk):withfullspeedor
force
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Thecarcametousatfulltiltalongthedeserted
road.
333. Inthenickoftime(,d oDr ij):onlyjustin
time
Thepolicesavedhimfromthemurdererinthe
nickoftime.
334. A kick in the teeth (:dkoV): an unpleasant
andoftenunexpectedaction
Thewrongdecisionofthesecretaryisakickin
theteethfortheemployees.
335. Tooth and nail (iwjh 'kfDr yxkdj): with all
onesresourcesorenergy;fiercely)
Indiaplayedtoothandnailbutlostthematch.
336. Tothrowinthetowel (gkj Lohdkj djuk):to
admitthatoneisdefeated
TheCongressPartythrewinthetowelintheBihar
Assemblyelections.
337. Toturnthecorner(eqlhcr dk oDr Vy tkuk):
topassthroughacrisissafely
When the doctors reportcame, I knew he had
turnedthecorner.
338. Toturnones back (Mj ds dkj.k Hkkx tkuk):
toflee,torunawaywithfear
Thesoldierturnedhisbackfromthebattlefield.
339. Totakethe veil (lU;kfluh cuuk): to become
arun
Shedidntmarryandtooktheveil.
340. An iron hand in a velvet glove (e/q j vkpj.k
esa fNih dBksjrk):ruthlessnessconcealedbysoft
speechorgoodmanners
Amritatreatsheremployeeswithanironhandin
avelvetglove.
341. Abirds-eye-view(mQaps LFkku ls ns[kk x;k uhps
dk utkjk):(ofsomething)generalviewfroma
highpositionlookingdown
ThePrimeMinisterhadabirdseye:viewofthe
floodsituationinBiharfromahelicopter.
342. To warm the cockles (of somebodys heart)
(fdlh dks [kq'k djuk):tomakesomebodyfeel
pleasedorhappy
Iwarmedthecocklesofherheartbyinforming
herofherhusbandsarrival.
343. Tomuddythewaters (xqM xkscj dj nsuk):to
makeasituationconfusedandunclear
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Themagistratehasmuddiedthewatersinourcase.
344. Weal and woe (vuq d w y rk ,oa iz f rdw y rk) :
prosperityandadversity
Myfatherhasanexperienceofwealandwoe.
345. To pull ones weight (vius fgLls dk dke dj
nsuk):tocontributeonesrightfulshareofwork
toaprojectorjob
Iwillpullmyweighthonestly.
346. Wet behind the ears (vukMh ;k vuq H koghu):
immatureorinexperienced
Saritaistoowetbehindtheearstobecalledan
expertplayer.
347. Awetblanket ([kqn mnklhu gksus ds dkj.k nqljs
ds jax esa Hkax Mkyus okyk O;fDr):apersonwho
spoils other peoples pleasures because he is
gloomydull,pessimistic,etc.
Idontliketogowithhimtothecinemabecause
heisawetblanket.
348. A wild cat strike (vukf/r gM+r ky) : illegal
strike
Theunionhascalledawildcatstrike.
349. To raise the wind (eq l hcr es a :i;k bdV~ B k
djuk):toraisethemoneywhenhardpressed
Thestorm hasdestroyed herhousecompletely,
sosheisraisingthewind.
350. Toseeawolf (Mj tkuk):togetfrightened
Whenthetruantmethisteacher,hesawawolf. 359. Betonthewronghorse (xyr iSQlyk djuk):
351. Neck of the woods ( i M + k s l ) : area,
neighbourhood
Thesocialworkersaredoinggoodintheneckof
thewoods.
352. Keeping up with the Joneses (ns [ kk ns f [k) :
Tryingtomatchthelifestyleofonesmoreaffluent
neighbours
TheirbuyinganewSUVisjustanotherattempt
tokeepupwiththejoneses.
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353. Lower your sights: reduce ones goals or
aspirations OncehegotthejobIhadappliedfor,I
hadtolowermysights.
354. Movethegoalposts (ifjorZu ykuk):Tochange
therulesinasituationinawaythatisnotfair,
usually in order to make it more difficult for
someonetoachievesomething
Myteacherisneversatisfied.WheneverIthinkI
havedonewhathewants,hemovesthegoalposts.
355. Flyonthewall(nhokjksa ds dku):Someonewho
observesasituationwithoutbeingnoticed
Inthepurestformofflyonthewalldocumentary
making, the camera crew is as unintrusive as
possible.
356. Red herring (viQokgs a ) : False information
intendedtothrowyouropponentoff
The speculation that the two murdered women
hadsomethingtodowithoneanotherturnedout
toberedherring.
357. Pay through the nose (Hkkjh dher nsuk) : To
payahighprice
Onehastopaythroughonesnoseforpursuing
higherstudiesthesedays.
358. Againstthegrain(vuSfrd):Againstthenatural
orderofthings
Theplanningofwoodinthewrongdirectioncauses
thegraintotearratherthanliesmoothly
Misjudgeacomingevent,notchosethewinning
personorsolution
Hebetonthewronghorseintheelection.
360. Tight Fisted (da t w l ) : Very frugal; who is
unwillingtospendmoneyunnecessarily
Mr.Sonuistootightfistedtogivedonationsfor
theinternetclubofourlocality.
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12.THESAMEWORDUSEDASDIFFERENT
PARTSOFSPEECH
Adv:
(a) alittlemoreorlessthan;alittlebeforeofafter;
approximately.
Idroveforabouttenkilometres.
Heisaboutthesameageasyou.
(b) nearly
Iamaboutready.
(c) hereandthereallaround.
Manypeopleweresittingaboutonthegrass.
Hisbooksarelyingaboutonthefloor.
(d) movingaround.
Therewasnobodyabout.
Hewillsoonbeaboutagain.
(e) somewherenear;notfaroff.
Sheissomewhereabout.
(f) facingaround.
Itisthewrongwayabout.
Putthecarabout.
Prep:
(a) hereandthereinaplaceinmanydirections.
Hewaswalkingaboutthevillage.
Ishalltravelabouttheworld.
(b) (indicatingpositin,etc)atpointsthroughout;here
andthere.
Papersarestrewnaboutintheroom.
(c) notfarofffrom:neartoaplace,
Idroppedmypursesomewhereabouthere.
(d) inconnectionwith;concerningorregarding:on
thesubjectofsomebody/something.
Thisisabookaboutflowers.
Heiscarelessabouthispersonalappearance.
Prep:
(a) beyondthereachofbecausetoogood,great,and
soon.
Sheisabovesuspicion.
(b) toogood,etc,forsth.
Hewouldnotlie-heisabovethat
Sheisabvoedeceit.
(c) upstreamfromaplace.
Lookatthewaterfallabovethebridge.
Adj:
(a) notpersentatsth;atanotherplace.
Hewasabsentformschoolyesterday.
Doyourememberyourabsentfriends.
(b) notexisting;lacking.
Lovewastotallyabsentfromhischildhood.
Happinessisabsentinthefamily.
V: notbepresentatsomething;stayawayfromsome-
thing.
Shedeliberatelyabsentedherselffromthemeet-
ing.
N:
(a) deed:thingdone.
Itisanactofkindnesstohelpthepoor.
(b) anyofthemaindivisionsofaplay.
Itisaplayinfiveacts.
TheherodiesinAct4.Scene3.
(c) lawordecreemadebyalegislativebody.
Parliamenthaspassedanactwhichmakessuch
sportsillegal.
(d) wayofbehavingwhichisnotgenuine,butwhich
is adoptedfor the effect it will haveon others;
pretence.
Don'ttakeherseriouslyitisallanact.
Sheisjustputtingonanact.
(a) dosomething;performactions;
Youactedwiselybyignoringsuchunsoundad-
vice.
Thetimefortalkingispast;wemustactatonce.
(b) dowhatisexpectedofoneasaprofessionaloran
officialperson.
Thepolicerefusedtoactwithoutmoreevidence.

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(c) performapartinaplayorfilm.
Sheactswell.
Haveyoueveracted?
Adj:
(a) goingbeforeothers.
Hewasamemberoftheadvanceparty.
(b) doneorprovidedinadvance.
Igavehimadvancewarningofthedanger.
Hemadeanadvancebookingfortheplay.
N:
(a) forwardmovement.
Theenemy'sadvancewashalted.
(b) progress.
This is a book about the continued advance of
civilisation.
(c) moneypaidbeforeitisdue,orforworkonlypar-
tiallycompleted;loan,
ThebankmadehimanadvanceofRs.10,000.
Sheaskedforanadvanceonhersalary.
(d) attemptstoestablishafriendlyoranamorousora
sexualrelationship.
Hemadeadvancestoher.
V:
(a) comeorgoforward.
Themobadvancedtowardsusshoutingangrily.
Ourtroopshaveadvancedtenkilometres.
(b) makeprogress.
Trytoadvanceinyourcareer.
(c) moveorputsomebody/somethingforward.
Thegeneraladvancedhistroopsatnight.
(d) helptheprogressofsomething.
Suchconductisunlikelytoadvanceyourinter-
ests.
(e) makeorpresent(aclaim,suggestion,etc)
Scientistshaveadvancedanewtheorytoexplain
thisphenomenon.
(f) paymoneybeforeitisduetobepaid,lendmoney.
Heaskedhisemployertoadvancehimamonth's
salary.
Thebankadvancedhimtenthousandrupees.
(g) bringaneventtoanearlierdate.
Thedateofthemeetingwasadvancedfromthe
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10thtothe4thAugust.
(h) (ofprices,costs,etc)rise.
Propertyvaluescontinuetoadvancerapidly.
Adj:
attentiveandquicktothinkoract.
Heisalerttopossibledangers.
Althoughheisoverninety,hismindisstillremark-
ablyalert.
Areyoumentallyveryalter?
N:
(a) specialwatchfulnessbeforeorduringanattack.
Thetroopswereplacedonfullalert.
(b) warninggiventopreparefordangeroranattack.
Thepolicegavethepublicthealertforsuspected
dacoits.
V:
(a) warntowatchfordangerandbereadytoact.
Thepolicehavealreadybeenalerted.
(b) makesomebodyawareofsomething.
Youshouldalertthestafftocrisisfacingthecom-
pany.
N:
(a) strongfeelingofdispleasureandhostility.
Hespokeinangerabouttheplightofthepoor.
Hewasfilledwithangeratthewayhehadbeen
tricked.
Islappedherinamomentofanger.
V:
fillsomebodywithanger;makeangry.
Yourrudebehaviourangeredher.
N: dress;clothes.
Hewaswearingcostlyattire.
V: dresssomebody.
Thechildwasattiredinwhiteclothes.
N:
toolwithahandleandaheavymetalblandused
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forchoppingwood,cuttingdowntrees,etc. (b) store(ofvaluableinformation,things,etc.)

Hecutdowntwotreeswithanaxe.
Note:Get the axe is an idiom. It means be dis-
missed or remvoed form a job,
Example: Severalofourworkersgottheaxeyes-
terday.
V:
(a) removesomebody/somethingordismisssomebody.
Hehasbeenaxed.
Herjobhasbeenaxed.
(b) greatlyreduce(costs,service,etc)
Schoolgrantswillbeaxednextmonth.
Hehasbuiltupabankofusefuladdresses,refer-
ences,information,andsoon.
(c) groundnearariver.
TheTajissituatedonthebankoftheYamuna.
V:
(a) baseone'shopesonsomebody/something.
Iambankingonyourhelp.
Hewasbankingonthetrainbeingontime.
(b) haveanaccountataparticularbank.
Wheredoyoubank?

N:
N: foolishtalk.
hairgrowingonthechinandthelowercheeksof
Nobodylikesyourbabble. a man's face.
V:
Whoisthemanwiththebeard?
(a) talkinawaythatisdifficultorimpossibletoun-
Hehasgrownabeard.
derstand.
V:
Stopbabblingandspeakmoreslowly.
opposebravely,defysomebody/somethingopenly.
(b) chatterinathoughtlessorconfusedway.
Whatareyoubabblingabout? Canyoubeardatiger?
Canyoubeardyouremployer?

N:
(a) fussy,unattractiveorbad-temperedwoman. Adj:
Sheisanawfuloldbag. (a) ofthemostexcellent,desirable,suitable,etc,kind.
(b) containermadeofflexiblematerial. Sheismybestfriend.
Hehasboughtabag. ThatwasthebestdinnerIhaveeverhad.
(c) allthebirds,animals,etc,shotorcaught. Itisbesttogobybus.
Wegotagoodbagtoday. Note:The term best man means male friend or
V: relative of a bridegroom who supports him at
(a) putintoabag. his wedding.
Theyhavebaggedupwheat. Example: Heactedasmybestman.
(b) killorcatchsomething. Adv:
Theybaggedfourbirds. (a) inthemostexcellentmanner.
(c) takesomethingwithoutpermissionbutwithoutin- Iworkbestinthemornings.
tendingtosteal. Doasyouthinkbest.
Whohasbaggedmypen? Sheisthepersonbestabletocopewiththetask.
(d) sagorhangloosely,lookinglikeaclothbag. (b) most,tothegreatestdegree.
Hewaswearingtrousersthatbagattheknee. Ienjoyedherfirstnovelbest.
Heisthebest-knownpolitician.
N:
N:
(a) establishmentforkeepingmoney,valuables,etc. (a) that which is best; the outstanding thing or
personamongseveral.
Ihavenomoneyinthebank.

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Shewantsthebestofeverything. (c) obligedbydutyorlawtodosomething.

Hewasactingfromthebestofmotives. IamboundtosaythatIdisagreewithyouonthis
Wearethebestoffriends. point.
(b) mostimportantadvantageoraspectofsomething. N: boundingmovement;leap.
Thebestwecanhopeforisthatnobodygetskilled. Thedogclearedtheateinonebound.
Thatisthebestofhavingacar. V:
V: (a) formtheboundaryofsomething;limit.
(Colloquial)defeatsomebody;outwit. IndiaisboundedontheeastbyBangladeshand
Ibestedhimatchess. Myanmar.
Canyoubesthiminadebate? (b) jumporspring;runwithjumpingmovements.
Heboundedintotheroomandannouncedthathe
wasgettingmarried.
Adj:
(a) unabletosee.
Adj:
Heisblindman.
courageous;havingnofear,readytofaceanden-
(b) unableorunwillingtounderstandornoticesome-
duredanger,painorsuffering.
thing,unawareofsomething.
Youareabraveman.
Sheiscompletelyblindtoyourfaults.
Itwasbraveofhertogointotheburningbuilding.
(c) withoutreasonorjudgement.
Hewasverybraveabouthisoperation.
Peoplehaveblindfaithinyourleadership.
V:
(d) concealed;hidden.
endureorfacesomething/somebodywithoutshow-
Adv: withoutbeingabletosee;withtheaidofin-
ingfear.
strumentsonly.
Ialwaysbravemycritics.
Youshouldnotflyblind.
Canyoubravedangers?
N:
Wedecidedtobravethebadweather.
(a) thingorpersonusedinordertodeceiveormis-
lead. Note:The term, brave, is a noun. It means brave
people. It takes a plural verb.
Hisjobasadiplomatisablindforhisspying.
Example: Doyouhonourthebrave?
(b) screenforawindow.
Tellthesevanttoraisetheblinds.
V: Adj:
(a) makesomebodytemporarilyorpermanentlyblind. (a) short;lastingonlyforashorttime.
Twosoldierswereblindedintheexplosion. Ihadabriefconversationwithherlastevening.
(b) deprivesomebodyofreason,judgementorgood Hislifewasbrief.
sense.
(b) concise;usingfewwords.
Herpassionateloveforhimblindedhertohisfaults.
Givemeabriefaccountoftheaccident.
Pleasebebrief.
Adj: Note: The experssion, in brief is an idiom. It de-
notes in a few words.
(a) goingorreadytogointhedirectionof.
Example: Inbrief,yourworkisbad.
Iamboundforhome.
N:
ThistrainisboundforBombay.
(a) summaryofthefactsofalegalcasepreparedfor
(b) certaintodosomething.
alawyer.
Theweatherisboundtogetbettertomorrow.

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Letmehavealookatthebriefofthecase. Afterthestorm,cameacalm.
(b) casegiventoalawyer. V: causesomebodytobecomecalm.
Willyouacceptthisbrief? Justcalmdownabit.
(c) Instructionsandinformationrelatingtoaparticu- Haveacupofcoffeeitwillhelptocalmyoudown.
larsituation.
Itisnotpartofmybrieftotrainnewemployees.
V:
(a) giveabrieftosomebody. N: prudence;beingcarefultoavoiddangerormis-
Thecompanyhasbriefedatoplawyertodefine takes.
it. Proceedwithcaution.
(b) givesomebodydetailedinformationoristurction Youshouldexerciseextermecautionwhendriv-
inadvanceaboutsomething. inginfog.
ThePrimeMinisterwasfullybriefedbeforethe V:
meeting. (a) warnsomebodytobecareful.
Wewerecautionednottodrivetoofast.
(b) warnoradvisesomebodyagainstsomething.
N: Icautionedhimagainstundueoptimism.
(a) roadbywhichtrafficcangoroundatown,busy,
area,etc,insteadofthroughit.
If we take the bypass, we shall avoid the con- N:
gested areas. (a) attractiveness;powerofpleasing,fascinatingor
(b) alternativepassageforbloodtocirculatethrough attractingpeople.
duringasurgicaloperation,especiallyontheheart. Sheisayoungwomanoftermendouscharm.
Heunderwentabypasssurgery. V:
V: (a) delight;please,fascinateorattractsomebody.
(a) ignor(arule,procedure,etc)orfailtoconsultsome- Shecharmseveryoneshemeets.
bodyinordertoactquickly.
Iwasgreatlycharmedbyhervivacity,stunning
Hebypassedhiscolleaguesontheboardandwent beautyandhighspirits.
aheadwiththedeal.
(b) influenceorprotectsomebody/somethingbyoras
(b) goaroundoravoidsomething,usingabypass. ifbymagic.
Wemanagedtobypasstheshoppingcentrebytak- Hehasacharmedlife.
ingside-streets.
(c) provide(atown,etc)withabypass.
Thisisaplantobypassthetowncentre. Adj:
(a) nearinspaceortime.
Thetempleisclosetothecollege.
Adj:
(b) nearinrelationship.
(a) notwindy.
Heisacloserelativeofmine.
Itisacalmcloudlessday.
(c) intimate;dear.
(b) quiet,untroubled;notexcited,nervousoragitated.
Sheisaclosefriendofmine.
Itmustbeborneinmindthatisisberyimportant
(d) carful;thorough.
tokeepcalminanemergency.
Paycloseattentiontowhatyourparentssay.
Thecityiscalmagainafteryesterday'sriots.
(e) humid.
N: calmconditionorperiod.
Itisveryclosetoday.
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(f) reticent;secretive.
Heiscloseabouthisgirlfriend.
(g) mean;stingy.
Heisveryclosewithhismoney.
(h) neartothesurface;veryshort.
Anewrazorgivesacloseshave.
Adv: leavinglittlespacebetween;inacloseposi-
tion.
Theylivequiteclose.
Shestoodcloseagainstthewall.
Note:The expession, close on is an idiom. It
means almost; nearly.
Example: Sheiscloseontwenty.
N: endofaperiodoftimeoranactivity.
Hearrivedhereatthecloseoftheday.
V:
(a) shut.
Closethedoor.
(b) movesoastocoveranopening.
Thelidofthisboxdoesnotcloseproperly.
(c) beordeclaresomethingtobenotopen.
Theshopscloseat7.30p.m.
N: confidencetrick;instanceofcheatingsomebody.
Thisso-calledbargainisjustacon.
Heisarealconmerchant.
V: swindleorpersuadesomebodyaftergaininghis
trust.
Youcannotconmeyouarenotreallyill.
Hewasconnedintobuyingadilapidatedhouse.
Sheconnedmeoutofthousandrupees.
N: fully-grownfemaleofanyanimaloftheoxfamily.
Hehasacow.
V: makesomebodydoasonewantsbyfrightening
him;intimidatesomebody.
Themenwerecowedtotalsubmission.
Hewaswearingacowedlook.
Adj:
(a) angry;bad-tempered.
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Shegavemeacrosslook.
Whatareyousocrossabout?
Iwascrosswithherforbehavingrudely.
(b) (ofwinds)opposed;contray.
Strongcrosswindsmakeitdifficultfortheboats
toleavetheharbour.
N:
(a) markmadebydrawingonelineacrossanother.
Theplaceismarkedonthemapwithacross.
(b) mixtureoftwodifferentthings.
Thisplayisacrossbetweenfarceandtragedy.
(c) sourceofsorrow,worry,etc;problem.
Thereisnogainsayingthefactthatweallhave
ourcrossestobear.
V:
(a) go across; pass or extend from one side to the
othersideofsomething.
Theriveristoodeep;wecannotcrossit.
Letuscrosstheroad.
Electricitycablescrossthevalley.
(b) meetandpasseachotherontheway.
Wecrossedeachotherontheway.
Ourletterscrossedinthepost.
(c) obstruct,oppose,thwart.
Hedoesnotliketobecrossed.
Shecrossesmeineverything.
Hewascrossedinlove.
N:
(a) largenumberofpeoplegatheredtogetherinthe
open.
A crowd had already collected outside the em-
bassy gates.
(b) audience;massofspectators.
Thematchattractedalargecrowd.
(c) group;company.
Idon'tassociatewiththatcrowd.
V:
(a) gathercloselyaroundsomebody.
Peoplecrowdedroundtogetabetterview.
Pupilscrowdedroundtheirteachertoaskques-
tions.
(b) harass;Putpressureonsomebody.
Don'tcrowdme;givemetimetothink.
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(d) control;managesomebody/something.
Pushpadirectedtheplanningofthefestival.
Adj: Hedirectedthefilm.
(a) lovedbysomebody;greatlyvalued. (e) turnoraimsomethinginaparticulardirection.
Youaremydearfriend. Hedirectedmyattentiontowhatshewasdoing.
Helosteverythingthatwasdeartohim. (f) command;order.
(b) expensive. Theofficerdirectedthesoldierstoadvance.
Hewaswearingadeardress.
Clothesaregettingdearer.
Thatshopistoodearforme. N:
Adv: atahighcost. (a) personwhohasbeentrainedinmedicalscience.
Ifyouwanttomakemoney,buycheapandsell Ashefellill,wehadtocallthedoctor.
dear. (b) personwhohasreceivedthehighestuniversityde-
N: lovableperson. gree.
Howareyou,dear? HeisadoctorofPhilosophy.
Now,mydears,comewithme. V:
Thankyou,youareadear. (a) givemedicaltreatmentforsomethingortosome-
Beadearandgivemethatbook. body.
Hewasdoctoredbyafamousphysician.
(b) addsomethingharmfulto(foodordrink)
Adj: Theydoctoredherfruitjuicewithposion,andshe
(a) goingstraight. died,
ArethereanydirectflightstoKolkata? (c) changesomethinginordertodeceive.
Hehadgonedirecttothelounge. Hedoctoredtheevidence.
(b) frank;straightforward. Thereportabouttheaccidenthasbeendoctored.
Ihaveadirectwayofspeaking.
(c) exact;complete.
Yourreplytodayisindirectcontradicitontothat
yousaidlastweek. N: commondomesticanimalthatisoftenkeptasa
Adv: petorusedtoguardorhuntthings.
(a) usingastraightroute;withoutinterruptingajour- Ihaveadog.
ney. V:
ThetraingoestoMadrasdirect. (a) followsomebodycloselyandpersistently.
(b) Personally;withnooneinbetween. Shehasbeendoggingmeallday.
Iperfertodealwithherdirect. Thepolicedoggedthesuspecteddacoit.
V: (b) keepaffecting.
(a) tellorshowsomebodyhowtogetsomewhere. Badluckhasdogeedmealltheyear.
Directhertotheairport. Hercareerwasdoggedbymisfortune.
(b) address(aletter,etc.) Theprojecthasbeendoggedbyanumberoftech-
Directthelettertohishomeaddress. nicalproblems.
(c) intendthataparticularpersonorgroupshouldno-
tice.
Adj: defective,worthless.
Letmedirecttheseremarkstopostgraduatestu-
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Thisisdudbattery. attention,etc)
Igaveheradudchequefortenthousandrupees. Thepoliceemployedforcetoopenthedoor.
N: Personorthingthatfailstoworkproperly. Employyoursparetimebetter.
Thenewgeneralmanagerisacompletedud. Hewasbusilyemployedinwashinghisclothes.
Thenewsystemisadud.
Theselightbulbsareduds.
Thisbatteryisadud. Adj:
(a) precise;correctineverydetail.
Sheisinhermid-twenties;well,twenty-fourtobe
Adj: exact.
(a) notbrightorclear: Whatwerehisexactwords?
Itisadullcolour. (b) capableofbeingpreciseandaccurate.
Heisdullofhearing. Heisaveryexactperson.
(ThissentenceisequivalenttoHeisslightlydeaf.) V:
(b) slowinunderstanding;stupid (a) demandandenforcethepaymentofsomething.
Heisadullpupil. Thekidnappersexactedaransomoftenlakhru-
Doyouhaveadullmind? peesfromthefamily.
(c) lackinginterestorexcitement;boring;monotonous. (b) insistonandobtainsth.
Theconferencewasdeadlydull. Heexactsobediencefromhisstaff.
Ithoughtthebookdullandunoriginal. (c) require;makesomethingnecessary.
Itiwllbesodullherewithouther. Her workexacts greatcare andattentiontode-
tail.
(d) notsharp.
Itisadullknife.
(e) (oftrade)slow:notbusy. N:
ThereisalwaysadullperiodafterJanuarysales. (a) organofsight.
(g) (offeelings)notintense. Ihavetwoeyes.
Istaredatherindulldiscomfort. Heisblindinoneeye.
V: makeorbecomedull. (b) observation;powerofseeing.
Watchingtelevisiondullsone'swits. Ihavesharpeyes.
Shetookmedicinetodullthepain. Hiseyesfelluponanadvertismentinanewspa-
Timehaddulledtheedgeofhisgrief. per.
V:
(a) observe or watch somebody/domething in the
specifiedway.
N: Serviceoremployment. Sheeyedmewithsuspicion.
Shehasbeeninmyemployforaspanofalittle (b) lookatsomethingwithlonging.
overtwoyears.
Thechildrenwereeyeingthesweets.
Heleftmyemployafteranargument.
V:
(a) giveworktosomebodyforpayment. N:
Iemployedhertolookafterthebaby. (a) frontpartofthehead.
Hehasnotbeenemployedforfourmonthsnow. Goandwashyourface.
(b) makeuseofsomebody/something;occupy(time, (b) expressionshownonaface.

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Shehadafacelikethunder. Thehousewasinflames.
Iamagoodjudgeoffaces. (b) personwithwhomonewasonceinlove;sweet-
V: heartorlover.
(a) beoppositeto;haveorturnthefacetowardssome- Sheisanoldflameofmine.
body/something. V:
Thewindowfacesthestreet. (a) burnwithabrightflame.
Thepicturefacespage10. Waxflamesquikly.
Turnroundandfaceme. (b) gloworshinelikeflames.
(b) meetsomebody/somethingconfidentlyordefiantly. Hehasflamingredhair.
Heturnedtofacehisattackers. Herfaceflamedwithanger.
(c) confront,requiretheattentionofsomebody/some-
thing.
Manyproblemsfacethegovernment. N:
(a) wildanimalofthedogfamily.
Thefoxisknownforitsclevernessandcunning.
N: (b) personwhoiscleverandabletogetwhathewants
(a) rapid;movingquickly. bydeceivingormanipulating.
Heisafastrunner. Heisaslyoldfox.
(b) happeningquickly. V:
Itwasafasttrip. (a) betoodifficultforsomebodytounderstand;baffle
(c) (ofawatchorclock)showingatimelaterthan orconfuse.
thetruetime. Hewascompletelyfoxedbyherbehaviour.
Thisclockistenminutesfast. (b) discolour(thepagesofabook)withbrownmarks.
(d) reckless,spendingtoomuchtimeandenergyon Thisvolumeisfoxedontheflyleaf.
pleasureandexcitement.
Sheleadsafastlife.
(e) Close;loyal;veryintimate. N:
Sheisfastfriendofmine. (a) fearoranxiety.
Adv: Hewasinafinkaboutchangingjobs,
(a) quickly (b) coward.
Icanrunfast. Areyouafunk?
Nightwasfastapproaching. V: avoidsomethingordoingsomethingbecauseof
(b) firmly;tightly;securely. fear.
Hewasfastasleep. Hefunkedtellinghiswifethathehadlosthisjob.
V: gowithout(certainkindsof)food,especiallyfor
religiousreasons.
N: continuoustrivialchatter.
ShefastsonTuesdays.
Stopyourgab.
Youshouldfastonceaweak.
V: chatteraboutunimportantthings.
N: periodofgoingwithoutfood.
Shehasbeengabbingonthephoneforaboutan
Hewasonafastofthreedays.
hour.

N:
(a) Portionofburninggas;visiblepartoffire.

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N: fastunintelligiblespeech.
Nobodylikeyourgabble.
V: talkquicklyandindistinctly.
Takeyourtimeanddon'tgabble.
N:
(a) hot-tastingspicyrootusedasaflavouringagent.
(b) energy;spirit;liveliness.
Ourfootaballteamneedsabitmoregingerinit.
Adj:
(a) flavouredwithginger.
Givemeagingercake.
V: makesomebody/somethingmorevigorousorlively.
Letushavesomedancingtogingeruptheparty.
ThePrimeMinisterappointedsomenewminis-
terstogingeruphisadminstration.
V: cause somebody to receive, hold, have or own
something.
Thisropehastoomuchgiveinit.
Don'tworryiftheshoesseemabittightafirst,
theleatherhasplentyofgiveninit.
Adj:
(a) ofhighquality.
HerEnglishisverygood.
(b) thorough;complete;round.
Igavehimagoodbeating.
(c) suitable;appropriate.
Sheisgoodforthejob.
(d) validfor.
Thisticketisgoodforfivemonths.
(e) notlessthan;rathermorethan.
Iwaitedforherforagoodhour.
Itisagoodtwokilometrestothestation.
N:
(a) thatwhichgivesbenefit,advantage,etc.
Workhardforthegoodofthecountry.
Itisforyourgood.
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(b) thatwhichismorallyrightoracceptable.
Communismclaimedtobeaforceforgood(of
mankind)?
N:
(a) fool;sillyorstupidperson.
Areyouagoof?
(b) stupiderror.
Sorry,thatwasabitofagoofonmypart.
V: makeamessof;failtodosomethingproperly.
Shehadagreatchance,butshegoofedagain.
N:
(a) placewhereoneliveswithone'sfamily.
Thedoctorvisitspatientsintheirhomes.
(b) placefromwhichsomethingoriginates.
Greeceisthehomeofdemocracy.
Adj:
(a) oforconnectedwithone'shome.
Ihaveahappyhomelife.
Heenjoyshomecomforts.
(b) domestic;inone'sowncountry.
Doyourbestforthegoodofthehomeindustries.
Adv:
(a) at,inortoone'shomeorcountry.
Hehasgonehome.
Sheisonherwayhome.
Ishehomeyet?
WilltheIndianauthoritiessendhimhomefortrial?
N: mantowhomawomanismarried.
Whatisyourhusband?
Hewillmakesomeoneaverygoodhusband.
V: trytosave;usesomethingsparinglyandeconomi-
cally.
Youshouldhusbandyourresources.
Doyouhusbandyoursalary?
N:
(a) importanceorsignificance.
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Itisamatterofgreatimport.
(b) meaningofsomething;whennotdirectlystated.
Whatisthehiddenimportofhisspeech?
(c) importedgoods,services,andsoon.
Hugeimportoffoodgrainswasaheavydrainon
foreignexchangereserves.
V:
(a) meanorconveysomethingtosomebody.
Whatdidthesedevelopmentsimporttoyou?
(b) bringgoods,ideas,etcfromaforeigncountryinto
one'sowncountry.
ThesecarshavebeenimportedfromJapan.
N:
(a) makingofsecretplanstodosomethingbad;con-
spiracy.
Itisanovelofmysteryandintrigue.
(b) secret arrangement.
Tellmesomethingaboutyouramorousintrigues.
V:
(a) makeandcarryoutsecretplansorplotstodosome-
thingbad.
Some of the members of the club had been in-
triguingtogetthesecretarydismissed.
(b) arousesomebody'scuriosityorinterest.
Whatyousayintriguesme;tellmemore.
Iintriguedherwithanexcitingstory.
N: suddenroughbloworthrust.
Hegavemeajabinthearm.
V: pokeorpushatsomebody/somethingroughly.
Shejabbedmeintheribswithherelbow.
N: badluck,curse.
Someonehasputajinxonthiscar;itisalways
givingmetrouble.
V: bringbadlucktosomebody/something.
Hehasbeenjinxed.
Ithinkthiscomputermustbejinxeditisalways
breadkingdown.
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N:
(a) metalinstrumenttomovetheboltofalock,orto
lockorunlocksomething.
Turnthekeyclockwisetoopenthelock.
(b) generaltoneorstyletosomething.
Hisspeechwasallinthesamekey.
(c) asetofanswerstoexerciseorproblems.
ThisisabookofHinditests,completewithkey.
(d) thingthatprovidesaccess,controlorunderstand-
ing.
Dietandexercisearethekeytogoodhealth.
Thekeytothewholeaffairwasherjealousy.
Adj: veryimprortantoressential.
Sheisakeyfigureinthedispute.
Heholdsakeypositionintheorganisation.
V:
(a) makesomethingsimilartosomethingelse.
Shekeyedhermoodtothatoftheotherguests.
(b) makesomethingsuitableforsomethingelse.
The farm was keyed to the needs of the local
people.
(c) makesomebodyexcited,nervousortense.
Themanagerwarnedusnottogettookeyedbe-
forethematch.
N:
(a) Chiloryoungperson.
Howareyourwifeandkids?
Halfthekidsroundherareunemployed.
(b) younger.
Whereisyourkidbrother?
(c) younggoat.
Hehasboughttwokids.
V: deceivesomebody,especiallyplayfully;tease.
Don'tkidher.
Don'tkidyourselfitwon'tbeeasy.
N: Sleep
Didyouyouhavesomekipnight?
V: liedowntosleep.
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Ishallkipheretonight.
Hekippedoutinafield.
Shekippeddownonthefloor.
V:
(a) gotooslow;failtokeepspacewithothers.
Thesmallboysoonbecametiredandlaggedfar
behindtherestofthewalkers.
Pricesarerisingsharply,whileincomesarelag-
gingfarbehind.
(b) periodoftimeseparatingtwoevents,especially
anactionanditseffect,delay.
Therewasalogofseveralsecondsbetweenthe
lightningandthethunder.
Therewillbeaone-yearlagbetweenthetimeI
writethisbookanditspublication.
Adj:
(a) comingafterallothersintimeororder.
Decemberisthelastmonthoftheyear.
Theywerethelasttwopersonstoarrive.
(b) latest;mostrecent.
IcalledonheronFridaylast.
Ithoughtthatyourlastbookwasoneofyourbest.
(c) final;onlyremaining.
Thisisourlastcupoftea.
(d) leastlikelyorsuitable.
Sheisthelastpersontotrustwithasecret.
Ishallnotmarryyouifyouwerethelastperson
onearth.
N: personorthingthatislastormentionedlast.
Thesearethelastofourapples.
IinvitedAnil,SunilandAnitathelastbeingAnil's
sister.
Note:
(a) Lastcanbeusedeitherinthesingularorinthe
plural.
(b) Theexpression,toortillthelast,isanidiom.It
denotesconsistently,untilthelastpossiblemoment.
Example: Shediedprotestingherinnocenceto
thelast.
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Adv:
(a) afterallothers.
Hecamelastintherace.
Thiscountryrankslastinindustrialoutput.
(b) mostrecently;ontheoccasionbeforethepresent
time.
IlastsawhiminPairsfouryearsago.
V:
(a) endure;continueforaperiodoftime.
Thewarlastedtwoweeks.
Hewillnotlastlonginthatjobitistootough.
Howlongdoyouthinkthisfineweatherwilllast?
(b) beadequateorenough.
Wehaveenoughfoodtolastfourdays.
(c) bestrongenoughtosurviveorenduresomething.
Heisveryillandprobablywillnotlastthenight.
N: series of names, items, figures, etc, written or
printed.
Makealistofthingsyoumustdo.
V:
(a) makealistof
Listyourengagementsfortheweek.
(b) Putthingsonalist.
Thebooksarelistedalphabetically.
Adj:
(a) havingagreatextentinspace.
HowlongistheRiverYamuna?
Itisalongwaytoherhouse.
(b) havingagreatdurationorextentintime.
Hehasbeenillforalongtime.
Ourholidaysarethreeweekslong.
(c) seemingtobelongerthanitreallyis.
IspentsixlongyearsinNewYork.
Adv: foralongtime.
WereyouinKolkatalong?
Stay(here)aslongasyoulike.
(b) throughoutaspecifiedtime.
Heworkedalldaylong.
Ihavewaitedforthismomentmywholelifelong.
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V: wantsomethingverymuch;haveanintensede-
sireforsomething.
Iamlongingtoseeheragain.
Shelongedforhimtoaskhertodance.
N:
(a) strongsexualdesire.
Curbyourlust.
Hegratifiedhislusts.
(b) intensedesireforsomethingorenjoymentofsome-
thing.
Hehasalustforpower.
Dowehavealustforfameandglory?
Ihavenolustformoney.
Thegeneralwasfilledwiththelustofbattle.
V: feelastrongdesireforsomebody/something.
Don'tlustafteruglywomen.
Helustedforrevenge.
N:
(a) adultmalehumanbeing.
Theseareclothesformen.
Areyouagoodman?
(b) person;humanbeingofeithersex.
Allmenmustdie.
(c) mankind;thehumanrace.
Manismortal.
(d) husband,malelover,boyfriend,andsoon.
Shewantedtobringhermantotheparty.
Hermanhasbeensentabroadbyhisemployers.
(e) malepersonundertheauthorityofsomebodyelse.
Themanagergavethemen(i.e.,theworkers)their
instructions.
(f) valet;manservant.
Mymanwilldriveyouhome.
(g) malepersonwiththequalitiesofcourage,tough-
ness,etc,oftenassoBeaman.
Theyacquittedthemselveslikemen.
V: supplysomethingforseviceortooperatesome-
thing.
Theymannedthetelephonesallthroughthenight.
Idon'tknowhowtomanthismachine.
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Adj: nothingmorethan;nobetterormorethan.
Sheisamerechild.
Heisnotamereboxer,heisaworldchampion.
Merewordswon'thelp.
N: pond;smalllake.
Thereisamereinthisvillage.
N:
(a) qualityofdeservingpraiseorreward;excellence;
worth.
Heisamanofmerit.
Thereisnotmuchmeritinthisplan.
Itisaworkofhighliterarymerit.
(b) fact,action,quality,etc, thatdeservespraiseor
reward.
Wejudgedheronhermerits.
Themeritsoftheprojectarequiteobvious.
V: deserve;beworthyofsomething.
Hissuggestionmeritsconsideration.
Thisexperimentmeritscloserexamination.
Itwasnotimportantenoughtomeritaspecialdis-
cussion.
N:
(a) largedisorderlycrowd.
Thefansrushedontothepitchinanexcitedmob.
Thepolicefacedamobthrowingbricksandpetrol
bombs.
(b) gangofcriminals.
Whosemobareyouwith?
V: crowdroundsomebodynoisilyingreatnumbers,
eithertoattackoradmire.
Theactorwasmobbedbyteenagers.
Popstarsarealwaysmoaningaboutbeingmobbed
bytheirfans.
N: thecelestialbodythatmovesroundtheearthonce
everytwenty-eightdaysandshinesatnightbylight
reflectedfromthesun.
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Canyouexplorethesurfaceofthemoon?
Ihaveseentelevisionpicturesofamanwalking
onthemoon
V: wanderaboutaimlesslyorlistlessly.
She spent the whole summer mooning about at
home.
Stopmooningandgetonwithsomework.
V:
(a) giveanametosomebody/something.
TheynamedtheirchildSundariDevi.
(b) identify;givethenameofsomebody/something.
Hecannamealltheplantsinthisgarden.
(c) specify;statesomethingprecisely;mention.
Wehavenamedadateforthemeeting.
(d) nominatesomebodyfor,orappointsomebodyto,a
position.
Hehasbeennamedasthenewdirector.
N:
(a) wordorwordsbywhichaperson,place,thingor
an animal is known and sopken to or of. Ram,
Patna,Delhietc.
(b) reputation;fame.
Ramesh Publishing House has a name for hon-
estyandrelibility.
(c) famousperson.
MahatmaGandhiisanameinhistory.
V: talkinformallyandaimlessly(Usuallytooneself)
Henatteredabouthiswork.
N: informalconversation.
Theyhadaquicknatter.
Adj:
(a) withinashortdistanceortimeformsomebody/
something;notfar.Hisflatisverynear(fromthis
place).
Ihopetobuyanewcarinthenearfuture.
(b) closelyrelated.
Heisanearrelationofmine.
(c) similar.
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ThiscopyisnearertheoriginalthantheothersI
have seen.
Wedon't havethat colour instock this is the
nearest.
Adv:
(a) atashortdistanceformtimeorspace.
Pleasecomenearandlistentome.
Herweddingdayisdrawingnear.
(b) similarto.
Mostviewswerefairlynearthetruth.
(c) atashortdistanceaway.
Areyouallsittingnearenoughthescreen?
Wefoundafewshopsquitenear.
Prep:
Withonlyashortdistanceortimebetween.
FaridabadisnearDelhi.
Don'tsitnearthedoor.
HisbirthdayisverynearDiwali.
V: approach;comeclosetosomebody/somethingin
spaceortime.
Ourexaminationisnearing.
Thedayisnearingwhenwewillhavetodecide.
Adj:
(a) gonebyintime.
Thetimefordiscussionispast.
(b) justendedorfinished;gonebyrecently.
Thepastmonthhasbeenadifficultoneforhim.
Ihaveseenlittleofherinthepastfewweeks.
(c) belongingtoanearliertime.
Pastandpresentstudentsofthecollegewerein-
vited.
N:
(a) timethathasgneby.
Ihavebeentheremanytimesinthepast.
(b) aperon'spastlifeorcareer,speciallyonethatis
discreditable.
Iknownothingofherpast.
Prep:
(a) Laterthansomething;after.
Itwaspastmidnightwhenwegothome.
Itistenminutespastsix.
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(b) olderthan. I presentedmy newlady secretary tothe Chief

Heisanoldmanpastseventy.
Sheispastherthirties. (c)
(c) fromonesidetotheothersideofsomething/some-
body;onthefarsideof.
Shehurriedpastmewithoutstopping. (d)
Hewalkedpastthestop.
(d) beyondtheageof.
Sheislogpastretiementage.
Heispastplayingwithdolls.
V: write(aletter,etc)
Shepennedmealongletterafewdaysago.
Ishallpenyoualetterwithintendays.
N:
(a) instrumentforwritingwithink. Adj:
Ihaveapen.
(b) writing,especiallyasaprofession.
Ilivebymypen.
(c) smallpieceoflandsurroundedbyafenceforkeep- ment.
ingcattle,sheep,poulty,etc,in.
(d) bomb-proofshelterforsubmarines.
Submairnesneedapentoescapegettingbombed.
Adj:
(a) beingintheplaceinquestion.
Thousandsofpeoplewerepresentatthemeeting.
(b) existingorhappeningnow.
Whatareyourpresentproblems?
N:
(a) thepersenttime;thetimenowpassing.
Historical romances offer an escape form the
present.
(b) thingsgivenorreceivedasagift.
Thisbookwasapersentfrommybrother.
V:
(a) giveorhandoversomethingtosomebody.
Ipresentedherwithasareeandablouseonthe Wewerewellprimedforthejourneywithalarge
happyoccasionofherseventeenthbirthday.
(b) introducesomebodyformallytosombodyofhigher
rank,status,etc.
Minister.
offersomethingforconsideration.
Hepresentedhisdesignsfortheapprovalofthe
committee.
offersomething.
IpresentedmyDiwaligreetingstoher.
(e) appearorattend.
Youwill be askedtopersentyourself for inter-
view.
(f) revealorshowsomethingtosomebody.
Thisjobpresentsmanydifficultiestothenewre-
cruit.
(g) offerabill,cheque,andsoon,inordertobepaid.
The cheque was presented for payment yester-
day.
(a) mostimportant;chief;fundamental.
Herprimemotivewaspersonalambition.
Theprimecauseofthetroublewasbadmanage-
Itisofprimeimportance.
(b) excellent;ofthebestquality.
Thisisaprimesitefordevelopment.
(c) havingalltheexpectedortypicalqualities.
ThatisaprimeexampleofwhatIwastellingabout.
N:
(a) stateortimeofgreatestbeauty,strength,vigour,
etc.
Whenisamaninhisprime.
(b) thebestpart;stateofhighestperfection.
Sheisintheprimeofyouth.
V:
(a) supplysomebodywithfactsorinformationinad-
vance,sometimesdishonestly,sothathecandeal
withasituation.
Thewitnesshasbeenprimedaboutwhattosay.
(b) givesomebodyplentyoffood,etc,inpreparation
forsomething.
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Adj:
(a) movingfastordoingsomethinginashorttime.
Areyouquicktolearn?
Thethiefgotawayhewastooquickforme.
(b) doneinashorttime.
Goandhaveaquickmeal.
Hehasaquickeyeforimperfections.
Hisquickwitssavedtheboy'slife.
(d) sensitive;easilyroused.
Sheisalwaysveryquicktotakeoffence.
Becarefulnottoannoyhimhehasgotaquick
temper.
(e) intelligent;competent.
Heisnotasquickashissister.
Hisspellingsarepoorbutheisveryquickatfig-
ures.
Adv: quickly.
Comeasquickasyoucan.
Everyoneistryingtogetrichquicknow-a-days.
Idon'tknowwhoranquickest.
N: softslenderflesh,especiallybelowthefinger-nails.
Hehasbittenhisnailstothequick.
N: rubbish;wasteorworthlessmaterial.
Throwawaythekitchenrefuse.
Thatisadumpforrefuse.
V: sayorshowthatoneisunwillingtogive,accept,
grant,ordosomething.
Sherefusedhisproposalofmarriage.
Herefusedtohelpme.
N: typeofgunwithalongbarrel.
Ihavetworifles.
V: searchandrobsomething.
The safe had been rifled and many documents
taken.
Adv:
(a) exactly;directly.
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Heissittingrightbesideyou.
(b) alltheway;completely.
Gorighttotheendoftheroad.
Theapplewasrottenrightthrough.
Hefellrighttothebottomofthestairs.
(c) correctly;properly;satisfactorily.
Nothingseemstobegoingrightformeatthemo-
ment.
Haveyouguessedrightorwrong?
(d) immediately.
Imustanswerthatphone,butIshallberightback.
(e) totherightside.
Turnrightattheendofthestreet.
N:
(a) whatisgood,just,honourable,andsoon.
Do you know the difference between right and
wrong?
(b) properclaimtosomething;orauthoritytodosome-
thing.
Youhavenorighttodothis.
(c) thingonemaydoorhavebylaw.
Everyonehasarighttoafairtrial.
(d) right-handsideordirection.
Goaheadandtakethefirstturningontheright.
V:
(a) returnitsefl/somethingtoproper,correctorupright
position.
Imanagedtorightthecarafterisskidded.
The ship righted itself after the big wave and
passed.
(b) correctitself/something.
Thefaultwillrightitselfifyougiveittime.
Canyourightawrong?
N:
(a) common white substance obtained from mines,
presentinseawater.usedforflavouringandpre-
servingfood.
Givemeagrainofsalt.
(b) thingthatmakessomethingmoreinteresting,lively,
andsoforth.
Herhumouraddedsalttoherconversation.
V: topoutsaltonorinfoodtoseasonit.
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Haveyousaltedthevegetable? (e) make something unnesessary; make it unneces-

Adj: containing,tastingoforpreservedwithsalt. saryforsomebodytousesomething,spendsome-
Doyouneedsaltwater? thing,etc.
Orderthegoodsbyphoneandsaveyourselfajour-
ney.
N: Thatwillsaveusalotoftrouble.
(a) vigourorenergy. Thegiftofmoneysavedourhavingtoborrowfrom
Sheisfullofsapandreadytostart. the bank.Walking to office saves me spending
moneyonbusfares.
(b) stupidperson.
N: (infootball,etc)actofpreventingagoalfrombe-
Areyouasap?
ingscored.
(c) liquidinaplantthatcarriesfoodtoallitsparts.
Thegoalkeepermadeabrilliantsave.
Thesaprisesintreesinspringtime.
prep: except.
(d) tunnelorcoveredtrenchdugtogetnearertothe
enemy. Iknownothingabouthersavethathersurnameis
Gupta.
V:
Allsavehimcalledonme.
(a) graduallyweakensomebody/somethingbytaking
awaystrength.vitality.etc. Novisitorsareallowedsaveinthemostexcep-
tionalcases.
Hewassappedbyillness.
The curtained stage was empty save for a few
Shehasbeensappedofheroptimism.
piecesoffurniture.
(b) graduallytakeawaysomebody'sstrength,vitality,
etc.
Stopsappinghisconfidence. N:
Theconstanttensionatworkwassappingmyen- (a) proverb;adage;saying;aphorism,maxim.
ergy.
Remebmertheoldsaw,Morehaste,lessspeed.
Lackofplanningissappingthecompany'seffi-
(b) cutting tool that hasa longblade witha sharp-
ciency.
toothededge,workedbyhandbypushingitback-
wardsandforwardsormechanically,andusedfor
cuttingwood,metal,etc.
V:
Theyarecuttinglogswithapowersaw.
(a) make or keep somebody/something safe (from
V:
harm,loss,etc)
(a) useasaw;cutsomethingwithasaw.
Isavedherformdrowning.
Theysawedalogintoplanks.
Shesavedmylife.
(b) maketoandfrommovementasifwithasaw.
(b) notspend;keep(money)forfutureuse.
Thechildwassawingathisfiddle.
Youshould;savepartofyoursalaryeachmonth.
Shewassawingthebreadwithabluntknife.
(c) keepsomethingforfutureuse;notuseupsome-
thingcompletely. Note: The past tense and the past participle of the
verb, saw, sawed and sawn respectively.
Don'teatallthecakenow;savesomefortomor-
row.
Saveyourstrengthforthehardworkyouwillhave
todolater.
N: Powertodecided.
(d) avoidwastingsomething.
Hehasnosayinthismatter.
Saveontimeandmoneybyshoppingatthesuper-
market. Iwantasayinthemanagementofthebusiness.
Peoplewantamuchgreatersayinhowthecoun-

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tryshouldbegoverned.
V:
(a) tellsomethingtosomebody,usuallyinwords.
Shesaidnothingtomeaboutit.
IfindithardtosaywhatIfeel.
(b) pronounce.
Iaskedhimtosayashortprayer.
Trytosaythatlinewithmoreconviction.
(c) make(thoughts,feelings,etc)cleartosomebody
byusingwords,orelsebygestures,behaviour,etc.
Thispoemdoesnotsaymuchtome.
Herangryglancesaideverything.
N:
(a) institutionforeducatingchildren.
Thereisaschoolforsmallchildrenhere.
(b) institutionforteachingaparticularsubject.
Whereistheartschool?
Letusvisitthesecretarialschool.
(c) processofbeingeducatedinaschool.
Hehatesschool.
Ihavetwomoreyearsofschool.
Areyoustillatschool?
Heleftschoolwhenhewassixteen.
(d) timewhenteachingisdoneinaschool;lessons.
Imeetfriendsbeforeschool.
Schoolbeginsat8.30a.m.
Therewillbenoschooltomorrow.
Willyoucomeforawalkafterschool.
(e) experinceoractivitythatprovidesdisciplineorin-
struction.
Iwastrainedinthehardschoolofadversity.
V: train,disciplineorcontrolsomebody/oneself/an
animal.
Youshouldshcoolyourselftobepatient.
Mychilderenarewell-schooledingoodmanners.
Note: There is another shcool not related to the
school dealt with above. This school means
large number of fish, whales, etc, swimming
together, school.
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Example: Isawaschooloffishinthelake.
N:
(a) largestunitofgrammar,usuallycontainingasub-
ject,averb,anobject,etc,andexpressingastate-
ment,questionorcommand.
(b) punishmentgivenbyalawcourt.
Themagistratepassedsentenceontheprisoner.
He has served his sentence, and will now be
relased.
Hehasbeengivenasentenceoftenyears'rigor-
ousimprisonment.
Heisundersentenceofdeath.
V: statethatsomebodyistohaveacertainpunish-
ment.
Thejudgesentencedthedacoittonineyearsrig-
orousimprisonment.
HehasbeensentencedtopayafineofRs.850.
Adj:
(a) small,notserousorimportant.
Hehadaslightheadache.
Shetakesoffenceattheslightestthing.
(b) slender;frail.
Sheisaslightgirl.
N: act,remarks,etc,thatoffendsomebody.
Myremarkwasnotmeantasaslightonyou.
Shesufferedmanyaslightfromhercolleagues.
V: treat somebody withoutproper respect or cour-
tesy;snub.
Shefeltslightedbecausenoonespoketoher.
Adj:
(a) ingoodcondition.
Doyouhaveasoundmind?
Hehasaverysoundhealth.
Thisisahousebuiltonsoundfoundations.
(b) basedonreason,sense,orjudgement,dependable.
Shegavemeasoundpieceofadvice.
Oursisasoundbusinessfirm.
Headvancedasoundarument.
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(c) thorough;fullandcomplete.
Igaveherasoundthrashing.
(d) accurateandcareful;competent.
Itisasoundpieceofwriting.
Heisasoundtennisplayer.
(e) (ofsleeporasleeper)deep;peacefulanduninter-
rupted.
Areyouasoundsleeper?
V:
(a) giveaspecificimpressionwhenheard.
Hervoicesoundsweet.
Doesyourvoicesoundhoarse?
ShesoundsjustthepersonIneedforthesecre-
tarialjob.
Yourexcusesoundsunconvincing.
Hisexplanationsoundsreasonable.
(b) pronouncesomething.
Youdon'tsoundthe'h'inhour.
The'b'indumbisnotsounded.
N:
(a) sensationdetectedbytheear.
Soundtravelsmoreslowlythanlight.
Canyoumeasurethespeedatwhichsoundtrav-
els?
(b) thingthatcanbeheard.
Iheardastrangesoundoutside.
Hecreptupstairswithoutasound.
(a) greatattration,fascination,etc,causedbyaper-
sonorthing;stronginfluence.
Iamnotunderthespellofherstunningbeauty.
(b) charm;wordswhichspokenonethoughttohave
magicalpower.
Givemeabookofspells.
Thewizardrecitedaspell.
(c) stateorconditioncausedbythespeakingofsuch
words.
Hewasunderaspell.
Themagiciancastaspellonhim.
(d) periodoftimeduringwhichsomethinglasts.
Herestedforashortspell.
Therewasalongspellofwarmweather.
DoyoulikethecoldspellinJanuary?
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V:
(a) nameorpenlettersofawordintheircorrector-
der.
Howdoyouspellyourname?
ThatwordisspeltwithaPH,notanF
WespellhernameM-O-H-I-N-I.
(b) putthelettersofwordstogethrinthecorrector
acceptedorder.Thesechildrencannotspell.
(c) havesomethingasaresult;mean.
Thefailureoftheircropsspeltdisasterforthepeas-
ant farmers.
N:
(a) personorthingthatisbeingdiscussedordescribed.
Itisaninterstingsubjectofconversation.
(b) branchofknowledgestudiedinaschool,etc.
Englishandhistoryaremyfavouritesubjects.
(c) Personorthingthatcausesaspecifiedfeelingor
action.
Hisappearancewasthesubjectforsomecritical
comment.
(d) wordorwordsinasentencenamingwhoorwhat
doesorundergoestheactionstatedbytheverb.
(e) any member of a State apart from the supreme
ruler.
IamanIndianbybirthandanAmericansubject
bymarriage.
V:
(a) causesomebody/somethingtoexperienceorun-
dergosomething.
Wesubjectedhimtoridicule.
Hewasrepeatedlysubjectedtotorture.
Wereyousubjectedtobittercriticism?
(b) bringacountry,etc,orapersonundercontrol.
AncientIndiasubjectedmostofAsiatoitsrule.
Adj:
(a) underthecontrolofsomebodyelse;notpolitically
independent.
Thatisasubjectprovince.
Theyaresubjectpeoples.
(b) undertheauthorityofsomebody/something.
Wearesubjecttothelawoftheland.
Manypeasantsaresubjecttothelocallandowner.
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(c) oftenhaving,sufferingorundergoingsomething; Stopmessingaround,yousillytwit.

liabletosomething. V: makefunofsomebodyinafriendlyway.
Areyousubjecttocolds? Hisunmarriedfriendstwittedhimabouthiswed-
Trainsaresubjecttodelayaftertheheavyrain- dingplans.
fall.
Thetimetableissubjecttoalteration.
(d) dependingonsomethingasacondition. Adj:
Theprojectissubjecttothechairman'sapproval. (a) oforatafairlyhightemperature,betweencool
andhot.
Theweatherisabitwarmertoday.
N: smallchild. Foodforababyshouldbewarm,nothot.
ThisisaTVprogrammefortinytots. (b) havingthenormalbodytemperature.
Areyouatot? Thepatientmustbekeptwarm.
V: (c) showingenthusiasm;hearty.
(a) addup. Isentherawarminvitationtostaywithus.
Totupyourexpenses. Shegavemeawarmreception.
(b) equalsomething. (d) affectionateorsympathetic.
ThebilltotteduptoRs.600. Hehasawarmheart.
Doyouhavewarmfeelingsofloveandgratitude?
N:
Aj: (a) warm atmosphere.
(a) inagoodorder;nearandtidy. Comeoutofthecoldstreetintothewarm.
Ikeepmygardentrim. (b) actbywarming.
(b) elegantorslim. She gave the sheets a warm by the fire before
Vandanahasatrimfigure. puttingthemonthebed.
V: V: makeorbecomewarmorwarmer.
(a) makesomethingneatorsmoothbycuttingaway Themilkiswarmingonthestove.
irregularparts. Tellthemaidtowarmthemilk.
Hetrimmedhisbeard. Warmyourhandsbythefire.
Trimthetopofthehedge.
(b) remove something or reduce something by cut-
ting. N:
Yourarticleistoolong.Pleasetrimitbyaquarter. (a) sourceofsomething.
Hetrimmedaninchoffthehemofthisskirt. Thisbookisawellofinformationaboutouran-
Wehadtotrimalotourtravelbudget. cientheritage.
(c) decorateorornamentsomething. (b) shaftduginthegroundforobtainingwaterfrom
Tellhimtotrimthedresswithlace. anundergroundsource.
Thisisahattrimmedwithflowers. Thevillagersgettheirwaterfromawell.
N: trimmingofhair,lawan. (c) (inalawcourt)spaceinfrontofthemagistrate/
Yourhairneedsatrim. judgewherelawyerssit,separatedfromtherest
ofthecourtbyrailing.
V: floworriselikewaterfromawell.
N: stupidorannoyingperson. Terarwelledupinhereyes.
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Bloodwaswellingoutfromthewound.
Adj:
(a) ingoodhelath
Areyouquitewell?
Isshewellenoughtotravel?
(b) inasatisfactorystateorposition.
IamverywellwhereIam.
Alliswellthatendswell.
Itseemsthatallisnotwellathome.
(c) advisableordesirable.
Bearinmindthatitwouldbewelltostartearly.
Adj:
(a) inagood,rightorsatisfactorymanner.
MridualDevispeaksEnglishverywell.
Icanreadwellenoughwithoutglasses.
Ihopeverythingisgoingverywellwithyou.
Thingsdidnotgowellforusatfist,buteverything
isfinenow.
(b) inakindmanner.
Shetreatedmeverywell.
(c) thoroughly;completelyorcarefully.
Shakethemixturewellbeforeuse.
Readthedocumentwellbeforeyousingit.
Iamwellabletomanageonmyown.
(d) withpraiseorapproval.
Shealwaysspeakswellofme.
(e) justifiably;reasonablyorprobably.
Youmaywellberight.
Imightwellconsieritlater.
Icannotverywellleavenow.
Itmaywellbethatthetrainisdelayed.
(f) toaconsiderableextentordegree.
Shelookswellovertwenty.
Hewasdrivingatwelloverthespeedlimit.
Heleanedwellbackinhischair.
Itwaswellworthwaitingforher.
N: habit;custom.
He went for a walk after breakfast, as was his
wont.
Adj: inthehabitofdoingsomething;accustomedtodo-
ingsomething.
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Hewaswonttogivelengthyspeeches.
Adj: oftheleastexcellent,suitable,desirable,etc,king.
ThisistheworstessayIhaveread.
Whatyouhavetoldmeconfirmsmyworstfears.
Adv: mostbadly.
HeisoneoftheworstdressedmenIknow.
Manufacturingindustrywasworstaffectedbythe
fuelshortage.
Gitaplayedbadly,Ritaplayedworse,andIplayed
worstofall.
N: themostbadpart,state,event,possibility,etc.
Theworstofthestorminnowover.
Whentheydidnothearfromher,theyfearedthe
worst.
Hewasalwaysoptimistic,evenwhenthingswere
attheirworst.
V: defeatsomebodyinfightorcompetition.
Ihavebeenworstedbymyenemy.
Shewasworstedbymeatbadminton.
Note:
(i) 'worst'isnowrarelyusedasaverb.
(ii) Itsuseasaverb,thoughrare,isusuallymadein
thepassivevoice.
Adj:
(a) unjust;notmorallyright.
Itiswrongtosteal.
(b) nottrueorcorrect.
Yourestimateofthecostwascompletelywrong.
Hedidthesumbutgotthewronganswer.
(c) mistaken.
CanyouprovethatIamwrong?
Youarewronginthinkingthatitisgettingcolder.
(d) notrequired,suitableorthemostdesirable.
Youaredoingitthewrongtrain.
Hecamethewrongway.
You are wearing your jumper the wrong way
round.
Heisthewrongmanforthejob.
Yourdecisionprovedtobewrong.
(e) Inabadcondition.
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Whatisthewrongwiththeengine?
ThereissomethingwrongwithmyeyesIcan-
notseeproprly.
(f) notasitshouldbe.
Isanythingwrong?Youlookill.
Whatiswrongwithyou?
Adv:
(a) inawrongmannerordirection;withincorrectre-
sults.
Youguessedwrong.
Youhavespeltmynamewrong.
N:
(a) whatiswrong.
Hedoes notknow the difference betweenright
andworng.
(b) unjustaction;injustice.
Shecomplainedofthewrongsshehadsuffered.
Youhavedonemeagreatwrong.
V:
(a) dowrongtosomebody;treatsomebodyunjustly
orbadly..
Issheawrongedwife?
(b) Judgesomebodyunfairly;attributeabadmotive
tosomebodymistakenly.
YouwrongmeifyouthinkthatIonlydiditfor
selfishreasons.
HewrongedmewhenhesaidthatIwasenvious.
V: talkcontinuouslyandoftennoisilyaboutsthunim-
portant.
Shekeptyackingaboutthewedding.
N: chatter;persistentortrivialconversation.
Hewashavingagoodoldyackwiththeneighbours.
V: Pullsomethingwithasuddensharptug.
Sheyankedtheropeanditbroke.
N: suddensharptug.
Theoldchainonlyneededacoupleofyanksbe-
foreitsnapped.
N:
(a) fibresthathavebeenspunforkniting,weaving,
etc.
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Vocabulary PDF
(b) story;traveller'stale.
Tellustheyarnaboutyourtravelalloverthecoun-
try.
V: tellyarns.
Westayedupyarninguntilmidnight.
V:
(a) utteralod,sharpcry,orcriesasofpain,excite-
ment,etc.
Sheyelledathermischievouschild.
Heyelledwithlaughter?
(b) speakorsaysomethinginayellingvoice.
Sheyelledatherhusbandabouthisconstantdrunk-
enness.
Thecrowdyelledencouragementattheplayers.
N: loudsharpcryofpain,excitement,etc.
Heletoutanear-splittingyell.
Iheardayellofterror.
Adj:
(a) ofthecolourofripelemonsorgold.
Thisshirtisyellow.
(b) cowardly.
Shesaysthatyouareayellowperson.
N:
(a) thecolouryellow.
(b) yellow substance, material or covering; yellow
clothes.
Shewaswearinginyellow.
V: makeorbecomeyellow.
Themanuscripthadyellowedwithage.
V:
(a) bear,produceorprovide.
Thesetreesdonotyieldfruit.
Ourexperimentsyieldednewinsights.
Myinvestmentinbusinessyieldedhighprofit.
(b) allowoneselftobeovercomebypressure;cease
oppositiontosomeboyd/something.
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Sheyieldedtotepmation,andhadanotherapple.
Thegovernmenthasnotyieldedtopublicopinion.
Thetownwasforcedtoyieldafteralongsiege.
(c) bend or break under pressure; be forced out of
theusualornaturalshape.
Despiteallourattemptstobreakitopen,thelock
didn'tyield.
Thedameventuallyyieldedandcollapsedunder
theweightofwater.
(d) bereplacedorsupersededbysomething.
Thecinemahaslargelyyieldedtothehomevideo.
Increasingly,farmlandisslowlyyieldingtoprop-
ertyevelopment.
(e) deliversomebody/somethingtosomebody;reluc-
tantlygivecontrolofsomethingtosomebody.
Thehijackersoftheplanehaveyieldedfourof
theirhostagestothepolice.
(f) revealsomething;disclosesomething.
Theuniverseisslowlyyieldingupitssecretsto
scientists.
(g) concede;admitthatoneisinferiortosomebody/
something.
Iyieldtonooneinmyadmirationforhiswork.
N: amountofthatwhichisyieldedorproduced.
Whatistheyieldofwheatperacre?
Whatistheannualmilkyield?
N:
(a) shapedpieceofwoodfixedacrossthenecksof
twoanimals,especiallyoxen,pullingacart,plough,
andsoon.
(b) twooxenworkingtogether.
Hehasfiveyokeofoxen.
Note: Theword,yokeisalsopusedintheplural.
(c) oppressivecontrol;burdensomerestraint.
Don'tworkundertheyokeofacruelemployer.
Throwalltheyokeofslavery.
N: loudwailingcry.
Didyouhear the yowl comingfrom thatdirec-
tion?
V: utterayowl.
Thebabywaskeptawakeascatswereyowling
allthenight.
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Vocabulary PDF
Adj: amusinglyridiculous;eccentric.
Heleadsazanylifestyle.
Hehadazanyhaircut.
N: comicaloreccentricperosn.
Peoplesaythatyouareazany.
Nobodylikesazany.
V:
(a) destroysuddenlyandforcefully.
TheBoforszappedtheenemyguns.
(b) causetomovesuddenlyorquicklyinthespecified
direction.
Thetidezappedusuptowardsthecoast.
N: vigour;feelingofenergy,liveliness,etc.
Ihighlyadmirehergrandexpressionofzapatthe
dancingparty.
N:
(a) lowedstpoint;nothing;nil.
Economicgrowthisatzero.
Prospectsofsuccessinthetalkwereputatzero.
(b) freezingpoint.
Itwasfourteenbelowzerowhentheywokeup.
Adj: nothingatallofaparticularthing.
Wedroveinzerovisiblity.
Itsrunningcostswerezero.
N: line,path,etc,formingazigzag.
Canyoudefineazigzag?
Adj: (ofapath,line,etc)turningrightandleftalter-
natelyatsharpangles.
Theroadtotheairportiszigzag.
Don'tgobythatzigzagstreet.
V:
(a) moveforwardbygoingatananglefirsttotheright
andthentotheleft.
Wezigzaggedlaboriouslyupthetrack.
Thenarrowpathzigzagsupthehillside.
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13.PROVERBS&THEIRUSAGE
1. Avariceistherootofallevils-Greedisthemainreasonbehindallevils.
ykyp cqjh cyk gSA
Incorrect : Avariceistherouteofallevils.
Correct : Avariceistherootofallevils.
2. Blackwilltakenootherhue-Evilisall-pervading.
lwjnkl dh dkyh defj;k p<+s u nwtks jaxA
Incorrect : Blackshalltakenootherhue.
Correct : Blackwilltakenootherhue.
3. Aburntchilddreadsthefire-Oneisforeverscaredofthethingthatcausedpainorhurt.
nw/ dk tyk NkWN Hkh iwaQd&iawQd dj ihrk gSA
Incorrect : Aburntchildfearsthefire.
Correct : Aburntchilddreadsthefire.
4. Truthisbitter-Truthoftenisveryunpleasanttohearandtackle.
lPph ckr lcdks dM+oh yxrh gSA
Incorrect : Truthissour.
Correct : Truthisbitter.
5. Ill-gottengoodsseldomproper-Moneyearnedthroughcorruptmeansiseasilylost.82
pksjh dk /u eksjh esa tkrk gSA
Incorrect : Ill-gottenarticlesseldomprosper.
Correct : Ill-gottengoodsseldomprosper.
6. Ifyouwantathingwelldone,doityourself-Donotdependonthersifyouseekperfection.
fcuk vius ejs LoxZ ugha fn[kkbZ iM+rkA
Incorrect : Ifyouwantathingwelldone,makeityourself.
Correct : Ifyouwantatingwelldone,doityourself.
7. Thereisnosmokewithoutfire-Thereisalwaysabasisfortalkshoweveruntruetheymayappear.
fcuk vkx ds /qvka ugha mBrkA
Incorrect : Thereisnoemberwithoutfire.
Correct : Thereisnosmokewithoutfire.
8. Romewasnotbuiltinaday-Adifficultaimcannotbeachievedallatonce.
gFksyh ij ngh ugha terkA
Incorrect : Romewasnotmadeinaday.
Correct : Romewasnotbuiltinaday.
9. WheninRome,doastheRomansdo-Inanaliensettingoneshouldfollowtheconductofthelocals.
tSlk nsl] oSlk HkslA
Incorrect : WheninRome,actastheRomansdo.
Correct : WheninRome,doastheRomansdo.
10. Sparetherodandspoilthechild-Occasionallyitisgoodtoenforcestrictdiscipline.
NM+h yxs pu&pu fo|k gks, /e&/eA
Incorrect : Sparethecaneandspoilthechild

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Correct : Sparetherodandspoilthechild.
11. Unionisstrenght-Thestrengthisinnumbers.
,d gh cy gSA
Incorrect : Unioniscourage.
Correct : Unionisstrength.
12. Everycloudhasasilverlining-Evenintheapparentbybadsituationsthereissomethingpositive.
gj jkr dh lqcg gksrh gSA
Incorrect : Everycloudhasasilverstreak.
Correct : Everycloudhasasilverlining.
13. Allisfairinloveandwar-Inthefaceofextremesituations,onecanresorttoactionsthatmaynotbe
presribed.
izse vkSj ;q esa lHkh dqN tk;t gSA
Incorrect : Allisfareinloveandwar.
Correct : Allisfairinloveandwar.
14. Afigureamongciphers-Amongtheignorantmany,themanwithlimitedknowledgeisthepersonwith
importance.
vU/ksa esa dkuk jktk
Incorrect : Afigurebetweenciphers.
Correct : Afigureamongciphers.
15. Beggarscannotbechoosers-Apersonwhoisinwantofsomethingcannotaffordtobefussy.
nku dh cfN;k ds nkar ugha ns[ks tkrsA
Incorrect : Buggers cannot be choosers.
Correct : Beggars cannot be choosers.
16. Dianondcutsdiamond-Itneedsathigorpersonofequalstrenghtorstatustobeatanother.
yksgk yksgs dks dkVrk gSA
Incorrect : Diamondbreaksdiamond.
Correct : Diamondcutsdiamond.
17. Toomanycooksspoilthebroth-whenoneisdongsomethingwiththeadviceofmany,thethingissure
nottomeetsuccess.
cgqr ls tksxh eB mtkM+A
Incorrect : Toomanycooksspoilthekitchen.
Correct : Toomanycooksspoilthebroth.
18. Striketheironwhileitishot-Thingsshouldbedonewhenthesituationisconducivetoit/opportunities
shouldnotbelost.
le; dk mfpr mi;ksx djksA
Incorrect : Striketheironasitishot.
Correct : Striketheironwhileitishot.
19. Oneinsearchoftruthmustdivebelow-Whenonewantsunravelthetruth,itiswisetogotherootof
thematter.
ftu [kkstk fru ikb;ka] xgjs ikuh iSBA
Incorrect : Oneinsearchoftruthmustgobelow.
Correct : Oneinsearchoftruthmustdivebelow.

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20. Pennywise,poundfoolish-Whenyoulosehigherstakesbecauseyouwentforthelowerandthenon-
importantones.
v'kfiQZ;ka yqVkdj dks;ys ij eksgjA
Incorrect : Pennywise,poundstupid.
Correct : Pennywise,poundfoolish.
21. Oncebittentwiceshy-Oneisveryscaredofthesituation,whereinanearlierexperienceofthesamewas
unpleasant.
nw/ dk tyk NkaN Hkh iwaQd&iwaQd dk ihrk gSA
Incorrect : Oncebeaten,twiceshy.
Correct : Oncebitten,twiceshy.
22. Learningbreedscontroversy-Knowledgemakesapersonsoaware,soastoquestionandnotaccept
unconditionally.
fo|k esa fookn gksuk LokHkkfod gSA
Incorrect : Learning creates controversy.
Correct : Learningbreedscontroversy.
23. Hardnuttocrack-Difficulttosolve.
yksgs ds pus pckuk
Incorrect : Hardnuttocreak.
Correct : Hardnuttocrack.
24. Itisnousebuildingcastlesintheair-Oneshouldnotmakeconclusionsthatarenotbasedonreality.
gok esa fdys cukukA
Incorrect : Itisnousemakingcastlesintheair.
Correct : Itisnousebuildingcastlesintheair.
25. Halfaloafisbetterthannobread-Whenoneisneedy,hehastosettleforsomethinglessthatmaynot
fulfilthedesirebutsatisfytheneed.
ugha ekek ls dkuk ekek vPNkA
Incorrect : Halfaloafisbitterthannobread.
Correct : Halfaloafisbetterthannobread.
26. Hejestsatscarswhoneverfeltawound-Onewhowasneverfeltpaincannotunderstandthatofthe
others.
tkds iSj u iQVh fcokbZ] lks D;k tkus ihj ijkbZA
Incorrect : Hejestsatscarswhoneverfaultawound.
Correct : Hejestsatscarswhoneverfeltawound.
27. Exampleisbetterthanprecept-Practisewhatyoupreach.
mins'k djus ls Lo;a djuk HkykA
Incorrect : Exampleisbitterthanprecept.
Correct : Exampleisbetterthanprecept.
28. Giveadogabadnameandhanghim-Givingapersonabadnamewilleventuallyensurehisdemise.
fdlh dks ekjuk gS rksbYtke yxkdj ekjksA
Incorrect : Giveadogabednameandhanghim.
Correct : Giveadogabadnameandhanghim.
29. Goodhealthisabovewealth-Itisbettertobehealthythanrich.60

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rUnq:Lrh gtkj fu;ker gSA

Incorrect : Goodhealthisoverwealth.
Correct : Goodhealthisabovewealth.
30. Arottenappleinjuresitscompanions-Onebadpersonnegativelyinfluencesallothersaroundhim.
,d eNyh lkjs rkykc dks xUnk dj nsrh gSA
Incorrect : Arottenappleattacksitscompanions.
Correct : Arottenappleinjuresitscompanions.
31. Doevilandlookforlikeforlike-Onewhodoesevilthingstootherscanexpectthesameforhimself.
dj cqjk] gks cqjkA
Incorrect : Doevilandlookforalike.
Correct : Doevilandlookforlike.
32. Itisworkthatmakesaworkman-Onecanattainperfectiononlybyrepeatingthethingtimeandagain/
practicalexperiencemakesforperfection.
dke dks dke fl[kkrk gSA
Incorrect : Itisworkthatbuildsaworkman.
Correct : Itisworkthatmakesaworkman.
33. Gatherthistlesandexpectpickles-Onegetstheresultsaccordingtotheworkthatwasdone.
cksos isM+ ccwy dk vke dgka ls [kk;A
Incorrect : Gatherthistlesandhopepickles.
Correct : Gatherthistlesandexpectpickles.
34. Moneybegetsmoney-Onlywhenonehasinvested,returnsareassured.
/u ls /u dek;k tkrk gSA
Incorrect : Moneycreatesmoney.
Correct : Moneybegetsmoney.
35. Nopains,nogains-Withoutexperiencingdifficultyonecannotexpectsuccess.
fcuk lsok esck ugh feyrkA
Incorrect : Nopains,noprofits.
Correct : Nopains,nogains.
36. Theinnocenthavenothingtofear-Whenoneisinthepathofrightandtruth,hecanexp[ectnoharm.
lkap dks vkap ughaA
Incorrect : Theinnocenthavenothingtobeafraidof
Correct : Theinnocenthavenothingtofear.
37. Tomakeamountainoutofamolehill-Toblowathingoutofproportion.
jkbZ dk igkM+ cukuk
Incorrect : Tomakeamountainfromamolehill.
Correct : Tomakeamounainoutofamolehill.
38. Barkingdogsseldombite-Peoplewhoareaggessiveoftendonothurtothers.
tks xjtrs gS oks cjlrs ughaA
Incorrect : Burkingdogsseldombite.
Correct : Barkingdogsseldombite.
39. Afriendinneedisafriendindeed-Afriendisonewhostandsbyonessideduringdifficulttimes.

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fe=k ogh tks eqlhcr esa dke vk,A

Incorrect : Afriendonneedisfriendindeed.
Correct : Afriendinneedisafriendindeed.
40. Alittleknowledgeisadangerousthing-Apersonwithlimitedknowledgecannotbetrusted.
pkj fnu dh pkanuh fiQj va/sjh jkrA
Incorrect : Alessknowledgeisadangerousthing.
Correct : Alittleknowledgeisadangerousthing.
41. Aninedayswonder-Somethingthatisunexpectedandlastsforaveryshorttime.
pkj fnu dh pkanuh fiQj va/sjh jkrA
Incorrect : Aninedayswnader.
Correct : Aninedayswonder.
42. Healthiswealth-Healthisthemostimportantthing.
,d rUnq:Lrh gtkj fu;kerA
Incorrect : Healthismoney.
Correct : Healthiswealth.
43. Greatcry,littlewool-Makingastatementbutnothavinganythingsubstantialtobackit.
mQaph nqdkju] iQhdk idokuA
Incorrect : Greetcry,littlewool.
44. Foolspraisefools-Apersonwhoisfoolishwouldpraiseonelikehim.
x/s dks x/k [kqtykrk gSA
Incorrect : Follsflatterfools.
Correct : Follspraisefools.
45. Deathpaysalldebts-Oneescapesfromallpastobligationsondying.
ej x,] eqdj x,A
Incorrect : Deathclearsalldebts.
Correct usage : Deathpaysalldebts.
46. Awolfinlambsclothing-Apersonwhomeansothersharmbutactslikeasaint.
bUlku dh 'kDy esa 'kSrkuA
Incorrect : Awolfwithlambsclothing.
Correct : Awolfinlambsclothing.
47. Evendeathcannotbehadfortheasking-Onecannotgetanyghingwithoutworkingforit.
ekaxs eaqg ekSr Hkh ugha feyrhA
Incorrect : Evendeathcannotbehadontheasking.
Correct : Evendeathcannotbehadfortheasking.
48. Betterwearyourshoesthanyourbedclothes-Itisbettertohavesomethinginsteadofnothing.
[kkyh ls csxkj HkyhA
Incorrect : Itisbettertowearyourshoesthanyourbadclothes.
Correct : Itisbettertowearyourshoesthanyourbedclothes.
49. Manyalittlemakesamickle-Itistheaddingofsmallthingsthatleadstosomethingbigoneday.
cwan&cwan djds ?kM+k Hkjrk gSA
Incorrect : Manyalittlecreatesmickle.

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Correct : Manyalittlemakesamickle.
50. Allarenotalike-Notwopersonsorsituationsinlifearesimilartoeachother.
ikapksa maxkfy;ka cjkcj ugha gksrhA
Incorrect : Allarenotlike.
Correct : Allarenotalike.
51. Abadmanisbetterthanabadname-Ithardlymettershowbadyourareuntileyougetcaught.
cn vPNk cunuke cqjkA
Incorrect : Abedmanisbetterthanabadname.
Correct : Abadmanisbetterthanabadname.
52. Ahoneytongue,aheartofgall-Apersonwhotalkssweet,buthasevilintentions.
eq[k esa jke] cxy esa NqjhA
Incorrect : Ahoneytongue,ahartofgall.
Correct : Ahoneytongue,aheartofgall.
53. Illgot,illspent-Moneyearnedthroughwrongmeansisoftenlostandiseventuallyofnouse.
iki dk /u izk;f'pr esa tkrk gSA
Incorrect : Illgot,eelspent.
Correct : Illgot,illspent.
54. Likecureslike-Ashrewdpersoncanbeeffectivelydealtwithshrewdness.
tgj dks tgj ekjrk gSA
Incorrect : Liketreatslike.
Correct : Likecureslike.
55. Letthepastburythedead-Itisbettertoforgetthepastandcarryon.
chrh dks xkM+k]s ;k Hkwy tkvksA
Incorrect : Letthepastforgetthedead.
Correct : Letthepastburythedead.
56. It is too late to lock the stable door when the steed is stolen -After the event or the thing has
happened,itistoolatetomakeamends.
vc iNrk;s gksr D;k tc fpfM+;ka pqx x;h [ksrA
Incorrect : Itistoolatetoclosethestabledoorwhenthesteedisstolen.
Correct : Itistoolatetolockthestabledoorwhenthesteedisstolen.
57. Puregolddoesnotfeartheflame-Apersondoinggooddeedshasnothingtofear.
lkap dks vkap ughaA
Incorrect : Puregolddoesnotworryabouttheflame.
Correct : Puregolddoesnotfeartheflame.
58. Onenaildrivesoutanother-Peopleofequivalentcapabilitiesaresuitedtocompetewitheachother.
dkaVs ls dkaVk fudyrk gSA
Incorrect : Onenaildrivesafteranother.
Correct : Onenaildrivesoutanother.
59. Richeshavewings-Moneyiseasilyspentanddoesnttstayforlong.
y{eh papyk gksrh gSA
Incorrect : Riches possess wings.

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Correct : Richeshavewings.
60. Povertybreedsstrife-Povertyleadstomisunderstandingsandproblems.
nfjnzrk dyg dh tM+ gSA
Incorrect : Poverty spreads strife.
Correct : Poverty breeds strife.
61. Cryinginwilderness-Makingsuggestinsthatarenotlikelytobefoolwed.
HkSl ds vkxs chu ctkukA
Incorrect : Cryingonwilderness.
Correct : Cryinginwilderness.
62. Misfortunesnevercomealone-Duringabadphase,allthingsaroundusgobad.
eqlhcr vdsys ugha vkrhA
Incorrect : Misfortunesnevervisitalone.
Correct : Misfortunesnevercomealone.
63. Amissisasgoodasamile -ifonefailsinsomehingitmakesnodifferencehowclose onecameto
succeding
gkj rks gkj gh gSA
Incorrect : Amissisasniceasamile.
Correct : Amissisasgoodasamile.
64. Themorethemerrier-Themorethepeopleorthingstherearethebetter.
ftrus T;knk mruk etkA
Incorrect : Themoretheneater.
Correct : Themorethemerrier.
65. Allswellthatendswell-Whentheresultturnsouttobegood,thennomatterhoweverbadtheprocess
was,itcanbesetaside.
vUr Hkyk rks lc HkykA
Incorrect : Allswellthatfinisheswell.
Correct : Allswellthatendswell.
67. Drowningmancatchesthestraw-Apersonindirestraitslookstowardssupportfromeventhemost
inconsequentialthings.
Mwcrs dks fruds dk lgkjkA
Incorrect : Drowningmancatchesuponstraw.
Correct : Drowningmancatchesthestraw.
68. Cutyourcoataccordingtoyourcloth-Oneshoulddesireaccordingtoonescapabilities.
rsras ikao ilkfj;s tsrh yach lSjA
Incorrect : Cutyourcoataccordingtoyourclothe.
Correct : Cutyourclothaccordingtoyourcloth.
69. Mightisright-Apersonwithpowerisoftenprovedtoberighteventhoughhemightnotbeso.
ftldh ykBh mldh HkSlA
Incorrect : Mightisrite.
Correct : Mightisright.
70. Perseveranceprevails-Devotiontoonesworkpaysoffintheend.
/hjt esa izkfIr gSA

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Incorrect : Perseverance commands.

Correct : Perseverance prevails.
71. Emptyvesselsmakemorenoise-Menwithlittleknowledgearetheoneswhomaketallstatements.
FkksFkk puk ckts ?kukA
Incorrect : Emptyvesselsmakemoresound.
Correct : Emptyvesselsmakemorenoise.
72. Abasecoinneverruns-Evilneversucceeds.
[kksVk flDdk lnk ykSV vkrk gSA
Incorrect : Avasecoinneverruns.
Correct : Abasecoinneverruns.
73. Abadworkmanfindsfaultwithhistools-Apersonwithoutabilityblamesothersforhismistakes.
ukp u vkos vkaxu Vs<k+ A
Incorrect : Abadworkmanfightswithhistools.
Correct : Abadworkmanfindsfaultwithhistools.
74. Manproposes,Goddisposes-Sometimeseventhebestlaidplansdonotsucceedduetofactorsbeyond
ourcontrol.
esjs eu dqN vkSj vkSj gS] drkZ ds dqN vkSjA
Incorrect : Manwishes,Goddisposes.
Correct : Manproposes,Goddisposes.
75. Forced labour is better than idleness - Even though one has to work under duress it is better than
remainingidle.
csdkj ls csxkj HkyhA
Incorrect : Forcedlabourisbetterthanlaziness.
Correct : Forcedlabourisbetterthanidleness.
76. Everypotterpraiseshispot-Allofusfindourownworkabovefaultsormistakes.
viuk iwr LkHkh dks I;kjkA
Incorrect : Everypotterpraiseshispat.
Correct : Everypotterpraiseshispot.
77. Honestyisthebestpolicy-Beinghonestandtruthfulisthebestpathtofollwo.
bZekunkjh lcls vPNh uhfr gSA
Incorrect : Honestyisthegoodpolicy.
Correct : Honestyisthebestpolicy.
78. Ittakestwotomakeaquarrel-Apersoncanntohaveadisagreementwhenalone;inanydosputethere
wouldatleastbetwopartiesinvolved.
,d gkFk ls rkyh ugha ctrhA
Incorrect : Ittakestwotobuildaquarrel.
Correct : Ittakestwotomakeaquarrel.
79. Itisnowusecryingoverspiltmilk-Itisirrelevanttothinkovermattersthathavealreadyhappened.
chrh rkfg fclkj ns] vkxs dh lqf/ ys;A
Incorrect : Itisnousecryingoverspoiltmilk.
Correct : Itisnousecryingoverspiltmilk.
80. Likefather,likeson-Peopleofthesamefamilyoftenbehavealike.

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tSlk cki] rSlk csVkA

Incorrect : Asfather,asson.
Correct : Likefather,likeson.
81. Likedrawslike-Peopleofthesamenaturetendtokepeachotherscompany.
pksj&
s pksj ekSljs HkkbZA
Incorrect : Likeattractslike.
Correct : Likedrawslike.
82. Makehaywhilethesunshines-Oneshouldderivemaximumbenefitswhenthesituationisconduciveto
it.
cgrh xaxk esa gkFk /ksukA
Incorrect : Makestrawwhilethesunshines.
Correct : Makehaywhilethesunshines.
83. A bird in hand is wort two in the bush - What one possesses is better than what one would have
possessed,itistherealitythatmatters.
ukS uxn us rsjg m/kjA
Incorrect : Abardinhandisworthtwointhebush.
Correct : Abirdinhandisworthtwointhebush.
84. Asyousowsoshallyoureap-Onegetstheresultsasperone'sdoing.
tSlh djuh oSlh HkjuhA
Incorrect : Asyouso,soshallyoureap.
Correct : Asyousow,soshallyoureap.
85. Tolockthestabledoorafterthehorsehasbolted-Tomakeamendsafterthedamagehasbeendone.
D;k o"kkZ tc f"k lq[kkuhA le; pwfd iqfu dk iNrkuhA
Incorrect : Toshutthestabledoorafterthehorsehasbolted.
Correct : Tolockthestabledoorafterthehorsehasbolted.
86. Whistlingmaindsandcrowninghenarefitneitherforgodsnorformen-Anythingeventhoughvery
beautifullosesitsvalueifitdoesnothaveatimelyrelevance.
/ksch dk dqkk u ?kj dk u ?kkV dkA
Incorrect : Whistlingmaindsandcryinghenarefitneitherforgodsnorformen.
Correct : Whistlingmaindsandcrowninghenarefitneitherforgodsnorformen.
87. Tocastpearlsbeforetheswine-Itisuselesstoplaceathingofvaluebeforeapersonwhodoesnot
knowitsrelevance.
CkUnj D;k tkus vnjd dk LoknA
Incorrect : Tothrowpearlstheswine.
Correct : Tocastpearlsbeforetheswine.
88. Silenceishalfconsent-Keepingquietoveranissuemaybetakenasanapprovaltoit.
pqi ekus vk/h ejthA
Incorrect : Silenceishalfapproval.
Correct : Silenceishalfconsent.
89. Tothegood,theworldappearsgood-Apersonwhohasgoodnessinhisheart,belivesinthegoodness
ofothers.
vki Hkyk rks tx HkykA

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Incorrect : Tothegood,theworldisgood.
Correct : Tothegood,theworldappearsgood.
90. Tomakecastlesintheair-Todreamaboutsomethingandcometoconclusionsevenbeforetheevents
havehappenedinreality.
gok esa iqy cka/ukA gokbZ fdys cukukA
Incorrect : Tobuildcastlesintheair.
Correct : Tomakecastlesintheair.
91. Beneaththeroseliestheserpent-Thereissomeevildormantevenwhenoneissurroundedbygood-
ness.
fc"k&jl Hkjk dud&?kV tSlAs
Incorrect : Beneatharoseliestheserpent.
Correct : Beneaththeroseliestheserpent.
92. Crowsareneverthewhiterforwashing-Bad/evilcannotbeturnedaroundbymereadvice.
uhe u ehBh gks; lhpks xqM+&?kh lsA
Incorrect : Crowsareneverthewhiterafternwashing.
Correct : Crowsareneverthewhiterforwashing.
93. Adropintheocean-Alittleeffortwhentheneedisofamassiveone.
mQaV ds eqga esa thjkA
Incorrect : Adripintheocean.
Correct : Adropintheocean.
94. Familiaritybreedscontempt-Oneceasestobefullyawareofandtoappreciatethequalitiesofsomeone
tooclose.
?kj dk tksxh tksxM+k vku xkao dk flA
Incorrect : Familiarityproducescontempt.
Correct : Familiaritybreedscontempt.
95. Hewhowouldsowwillmustreapwell-Apersonwhohastakenwisedecisionsoftengetsgoodresults
forthem.
vPNk djks vPNk ikvksaA dj Hkyk] gks HkykA
Incorrect : Hewhowouldsowwell,mustripwell.
Correct : Hewhowouldsowwell,mustreapwell.
96. Ittakesallsortstomaketheworld-Inthisworldtherearepeopleofallkindsandtypes.
rqylh ,fg lalkj esa] Hkkafr&Hkkafr ds yksxA
Incorrect : Ittakesallsortstobuildtheworld.
Correct : Ittakesallsortstomaketheworld.
97. Nooneknowstheweightofanother'sburden-Onewhoisnotinvolvedwouldnotgrasptheother's
problems.
tkds ikao u iQVh fcokbZ lks dk tkus ihj ijkbZA
Incorrect : Nooneknowsthewaitofanother'sburden.
Correct : Nooneknowstheweightofanother'sburden.
98. Oneflowermakesnogarland-Nosituationin life canbedealtwithonlyidea, aholisticpictureis
necessary.
,d iwQy ls ekyk ugha curhA

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Incorrect : Oneflowerbuildsnogarland.
Correct : Oneflowermakesnogarland.
99. Self-praiseisnorecommendation-Praisingoneselfdoesnotproveone'sworth.
vius eqag fe;ka feV~Bw cuus ls dke ugha pyrkA
Incorrect : Self-praiseisnopraise.
Correct : Self-praiseisnorecommendation.
100. Wherethereisawill,thereisaway-Whateverthedifficulty,ifthereisthewishtooverrideit,itcanbe
done.
tgka pkg] ogka jkgA
Incorrect : Wherethereisadetermination,thereisaway.
Correct : Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.
101. Letbygonesbebygones-Itisbettertocarryonforgettingthepast.
Ckhrh lks chrh] chrh rkfg folkj ns] vkxs dh lqf/ ysxkA
Incorrect : Letbygonesgobygones.
Correct : Letbygonesbebygones.
102. Hardworkalwayspays-Onealwaysgetstheresultofhardwork.
ifjJe gh lcls cM+k /u gSA
Incorrect : Hard work ever pays.
Correct : Hardworkalwayspays.
103. Idlenessistherootcauseofallills-Idlemindisthedevil'sworkshop.
lqLrh lHkh jksxksa dh tM+ gSA
Incorrect : Idlenessistherootcauseofallevils.
Correct : Idlenessistherootcauseofallills.
104. AllroadsleadtoRome-Onecanattainaparticulargoalbyadoptingallpossiblewaysandmeans.
jkLrs vyx&vyx] ij eafty ,d
Incorrect : AllroadsgotoRome.
Correct : AllroadsleadtoRome.
105. Vowsmadeinstorm,areforgottenincalm-Resolutionstakenduringadversetimesareforgottenthe
momenttimeschangeforthebetter.
nq%[k esa lqfeju lc djS] lq[k esa djS u dks;A
Incorrect : Vowscreatedinstormareforgottenincalm.
Correct : Vowsmadeinstormareforgottenincalm.
106. Respect yourself and you will be respected -To gain respect from others we must first respect and
valueourselves.
viuh bTtr vius gkFkA
Incorrect : Respectyourselfandyouwillgetrespected.
Correct : Respectyourselfandyouwillberespected.
107. Livingfromhandtomouth-Livinginabsolutepoverty.
jkst dqavk [kksnuk jkst ikuh ihukA
Incorrect : Livingbyhandtomouth.
Correct : Livingfromhandtomouth.

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108. Handsomeis,thathandsomedoes-Apersoninjudgedgood,byhisgoodactions.
lqUnj og tks lqUnj dke djsA
Incorrect : Handsomeis,thathandsomeworks.
Correct : Handsomeis,thathandsomedoes.
109. Adividedhousecannotstand-Withoutunitythereareliabletobequarrels.
ftl ?kj esa iwQV gks] og [kM+k ugha jg ldrkA
Incorrect : Adividedhomecannotstand.
Correct : Adividedhousecannotstand.
110. Betweentwostoolswecometotheground-Toreachhighergoalswehavetoundergoseverestruggles.
nqfo/k esa nksuksa x,] ek;k feyh u jkeA
Incorrect : Betweentwostoleswecometotheground.
Correct : Betweentwostoolswecometotheground.
111. Dogoodandcastitintotheriver-Oneshouldnotexpecttheresultsofgoodnessdone,isshouldbedone
foritself.
usdh dj nfj;k esa MkyA
Incorrect : Dogoodandcastittotheriver.
Correct : Dogoodandcastitintotheriver.
112. Courtesycostsnothing-Toextendcivilitydoesnottakeanyextraeffort.
'kjkiQr esa dqN [kpZ ugha gksrkA
Incorrect : Courtesycastsnothing.
Correct : Courtesycostsnothing.
113. Everyassloveshisbray-Eachofusisappreciativeofhis/heractionsirrespectiveofthefactthatitmay
notbesogood.
gj x/s dks viuh vkokt lqjhyh yxrh gSA
Incorrect : Everydonkeyloveshisbray.
Correct : Everyassloveshisbray.
114. Goodmarksmanmaymiss-Everyonehoweverexpertmaymakemistakes.
?kksM+s dk lokj Hkh fxjrk gSA
Incorrect : Goodmarksmanmaylose.
Correct : Goodmarksmanmaymiss.
115. Hiswitsaregoneawoolgathering-Whenoneactswithoutasemblanceofthoughtorrationality.
mldh vDy pjus xbZ gSA
Incorrect : Hiswitsareonawoolgathering.
Correct : Hiswitsaregoneawoolgathering.
116. ItishardtoliveinRomeandfightthePope-Onecannotalwaysfightwiththepeopleandcircum-
stancesoneliveswith.
ty esa jgdj exj ls cSj djuk mfpr ughaA
Incorrect : ItishardtoliveinRomeandquarrelthePope.
Correct : ItishardtoliveinRomeandfightthePope.
117. Measureformeasure-Blowforblow.
gR;k ds cnys iQkalh@tSls dks rSlkA
Incorrect : Measurebymeasure.

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Correct : Measureformeasure.
118. Nothingisstableinthisworld-Everysituationisliabletochangeanymoment.
lalkj esa dqN Hkh LFkk;h ughaA
Incorrect : Nothingisstableatthisworld.
Correct : Nothingisstableinthisworld.
119. Onetodayisbetterthantwotomorrows-Thepresenthoweverunsatisfactoryisbetterthanthedreams
ofabeautifultommorow.
ukS uxn u rsjg m/kjA
Incorrect : Onetodayisbetterthentwotomorrow.
Correct : Onetodayisbetterthantwotomorrow.
120. Prasisingyouatyourfaceisflattery.
eqag ij dh xbZ iz'kalk [kq'kken gksrh gSA
Incorrect : Praisingyouinyourfaceisflattery.
Correct : Praisingyouatyourfaceisflattery.
121. Sociteymouldsman-Thenatureandbehaviourandbehaviourofapersonisdependentuponhissur-
roundingbothmanimateandanimate.
[kjcwtas dks ns[kdj [kjcwtk jax idM+rk gSA
Incorrect : Society creates man.
Correct : Societymouldsman.
123. Theoncelostcannotberegained-Whathadhappenedinthepastcannotbeerased,onecanonlybein
commandoftherpresent.
x;k oDr fiQj gkFk ugha vkrkA
Incorrect : Timeiflostcannotberegained.
Correct : Timeoncelostcannotberegained.
124. Somethingisbetterthannothing-Whatlittleyouownisbetterthannothing.
ugha ls dqN Hkyk@ukgha ekek ls dkuk ekek vkPNkA
Incorrect : Somethingisbitterthannothing.
Correct : Somethingisbetterthannothing.
125. Thewearerbestknowswheretheshoepinches-Thepersonwhoisundergoingasituationbestknows
thedifficultiesinvolved.
ftldk nq%[k ogha turk gSA@tkds ikao uk iQVh fcokbZ] lks D;k tkus ihj ijkbZA
Incorrect : Thebearerbestknowswheretheshoepinches.
Correct : Theweareybestknowswheretheshoepinches.
126. Prosperitygainsfriends,but adversitytriesthem-Whentimesaregood,friendsareaplenty.Only
whenwefacebadtimesdoesonegettoseethetruecoloursofthesepeople.
[kq'kgkyh fe=k cukrh gS] ijUrq foink mudks ij[krh gSA
Incorrect : Prosperitygainsfriends,butadversityteststhem.
Correct : Prosperitygainsfriends,butadversitytriesthem.
127. Manyheads,manyminds-TheMorethemen,themoretheideastheyoffer.
ukuk eqfu ukuk efrA
Incorrect : Manyheads,manymoods.
Correct : Manyheads,manyminds.

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128. HighwindsblowonhighhillsThebiggeryouarethebiggerthedifficultiesyouarelikelytoface.
cM+kas dh cM+h ckrA
Incorrect : Highwindsblowonhighheels.
Correct : Highwindsblowonhighhills.
129. experienceteachestheunskilled-Repeatedactionis the waytoperfection.
dke dk dke fl[kkrk gSA
Incorrect : Experiencetrainstheunskilled.
Correct : Experienceteachestheunskilled.
130. Goodmind,goodfind-Amanwithgoodintentionsviewstheworldinthesamemanner.
vki Hkyk rks tx HkykA
Incorrect : Goodmind,gooddiscovery.
Correct : Goodmind,goodfind.
131. Guiltyconscienceisalwayssuspicious-Onewhoisintheworing,doubtsallaroundhim.
pksj dh nk<+h esa frudkA
Incorrect : Guiltyconscienceiseversupicious.
Correct : Guiltyconscienceisalwayssuspicious.
132. Everythinglooksyellowtothejaundicedeye-Apersonwhoisperjudicedandwithevilintentions,
thinksthesameofallaroundhim.
cqjh utj ls cqjk gh nh[krk gSA
Incorrect : Everythinglooksyellowwiththejaundicedeye.
Correct : Everythinglooksyellowtothejaundicedeye.
133. Hebreakshiswife'sheadandthenbuysaplaster forit-Hurtingintentionallyandthenproviding
solaceandbalmfortheinjury.
pwgk ekjdj xkscj lq?a kkukA
Incorrect : Hebreakshiswife'sheadandthanbyusaplasterforit.
Correct : Hebreakshiswife'sheadandthenbuysaplasterforit.
134. Outofthefryingpanintothefire-Fromonebadsituationtoanother.
vkleku ls Vidk, [ktwj esa vVdkA
Incorrect : Outofthefryingpanforthefire.
Correct : Outofthefryingpanintothefire.
135. Manisaslavetohisstomach-Alleffortsaredonemerelytosatisfythehungerofourstomach.
vkneh isV dk nkl gSA
Incorrect : Manisaslaveforhisstrmach.
Correct : Manisaslavetohisstomach.
136. Hewhowouldcatchthefishmustnotmindgettingwet-Apersonwhoaimshighmustnotbebothered
byitsassociatedproblems.
ukpus mBs rks ?kw?a kV dSlk
Incorrect : Hewhowouldholdthefishmustnotmindgettingwet.
Correct : Hewhowouldcatchthefishmustnotmindgettingwet.
137. Hethatiswarmthinksallareso-Apersonwhoisgoodandhappythinksthesameofeveryonearound
him.
vki lq[kh rks tx lq[khA

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Incorrect : Hethatiswormthinksallareso.
Correct : Hethatiswarmthinksallareso.
138. Fortunefavoursthebrave-Apersonwhomakestheeffortsistheoneliabletogettheresult.
iq:"k flag ts m|eh] y{eh rkdh psfjA
Incorrect : Fortunesupportsthebrave.
Correct : Fortunefavorusthebrave.
139. Giveloan,enemyown-Extendingcreditisthesurestwaytomakeenemies.
m/kj nhts] nq'eu dhtsA
Incorrect : Givecredit,enemyown.
Correct : Giveloan,enemyown.
140. Comingeventscasttheirshadowsbefore-Oneisoftenforwarnedbeforeahappening.
gksugkj fcjoku ds gksr phdus ikrA
Incorrect : Comingeventscosttheirshadowsbefore.
Correct : Comingeventscasttheirshadowsbefore.
141. Astheking,soarethesubjects-Thenatureoftheleaderisreflectedinhisfollowers.
tSls jktk oSls iztk
Incorrect : Astheking,sucharethesubjects.
Correct : Astheking,soarethesubjects.
142. Athingisvaluedwhereitbelongs-Thevalueofeverythingifjudgedaccordingtoitsappropriatnss.
taxy esa eksrh dh dnz ugha gksrhA
Incorrect : Athigisvaluedwhereitstays.
Correct : Athingisvaluedwhereitbelongs.
143. Cattledonotdiefromcrow'scursing-Goodcannotbeharmedbymereevilwishes.
fcYyh ds ljkis Nhdk ugha VwVrk
Incorrect : Cattledonotdieatcrow'scursing.
Correct : Cattledonotdiefromcrow'scursing.
144. Deep rivers move with silent majesty, shallow brooks are noisy -A person with conviction moves
aheadwithconfidence,it'stheonewhoisinself-doutthatactsotherwiseattractingalotofattention.
tSls ek;k oSls x;kA
Incorrect : Deepriversmoveinsilentmajesty,shallowbrooksarenoisy.
Correct : Deepriversmovewithsilentmajesty,shallowbrooksarenoisy.
145. Fooltoothers,tohimselfasage-Onewhohasaveryhighopinionofhimselfispiteofthepoorthought
ofothers.
vius eqag fe;ka feV~BwA
Incorrect : Folltoothers,tohimselfasaint.
Correct : Fooltoothers,tohimselfasage.
146. Onelieleadstoanother-Whenwetryto'justifyone'slies,wemerelyendupwithmoreliesinorderto
coverupthefirstone.
>wB dk vUr ugha
Incorrect : Onelietakestoanother.
Correct : Onelieleadstoanother.
147. The more haste, the worse speed -When we hurry, we end up making more mistakes that slow us

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down.
vkxs nkSM+] ihNs NksM+A
Incorrect : Themorehaste,theslowerspeed.
Correct : Themorehaste,theworsespeed.
148. Truthliesatthebottomofthewell-Thequestfortruthisardous,asitliessurroundedbymanylies.
eksrh xgjs ikuh esa gksrk gSA
Incorrect : Truthliesattheendofthewell.
Correct : Truthliesatthebottomofthewell.
149. Tocountone'schickensbeforetheyarehatached-Torejoiceabouttheresultsbeforetheconlusion
havebeenreached.
?kj ?kksM+k udkl eksyA
Incorrect : Tocountone'schickensbeforetheyareborn.
Correct : Tocountone'schickensbeforetheyarehatched.

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