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The software described in this manual is furnished under license and may
only be used or copied in accordance with the terms of the license.
Manual release date: 6/8/2006.
Written by, Nancy Whitehead. Please send comments or questions to
info@geosoft.com
Copyright Geosoft Inc. 2006. All rights reserved. No part of this
publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted, in
any form, or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photo-copying, reading, or
otherwise, without prior consent from Geosoft Inc.
Program Copyright Geosoft Inc. 2006. All rights reserved.
Geosoft and Oasis montaj are registered trademarks of Geosoft Inc.
GEOSOFT, Oasis are trademarks of Geosoft Inc.
Windows, and Windows NT are either registered trademarks or
trademarks of Microsoft Corporation.
Geosoft Incorporated
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Web Site: www.geosoft.com
E-mail: info@geosoft.com
Contents
Geosoft License Agreement 1
Importing Data 6
Data Integration 21
Displaying a Grid 21
Selecting Holes 24
Section Plots 28
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3
2. Specify a New project name (Prospect) and specify the Maximum holes as (500)
and you can leave the Maximum data fields per dataset to the default value of
(100). We recommend that you specify a number that is representative of the final
estimated project size. This strategy ensures that you have enough space available
in your project while not consuming excessive storage space.
3. The Project directory displays your current working directory to change this,
click the [Directory] button to specify a new working directory.
4. Click the [OK] button. The collar database with the project name (Prospect) is
displayed.
Importing Data
The Drill Hole Import Wizard guides you through the import process, and
automatically displays your data in a Spreadsheet window. The spreadsheet window
is similar to Excel in appearance with specialized Earth Science capabilities,
including built-in data manipulation tools.
The purpose of this tutorial is to help you become aware of the key components and
capabilities of the Drillhole import process to prepare you for plotting your results in
plan and section maps. In this exercise, you will be importing collar, survey,
geochemical assay, and geology data.
example below, the Azimuth, Dip, and Depth are also included in the collar
file.
From to Data From-To data is data acquired over specified depth intervals
down the hole; for example, at a 1 m interval with a measurement starting at 0
m and extending to 139 m. In this tutorial, we will import two types of From-
To data: a geochemical assay dataset and a geological rock codes dataset.
The Drillhole system automatically detects the type of data that is being imported, as
discussed above.
There are two ways to define drillholes and add data to your project in Drillhole:
Import data already stored in CSV/text or XLS/database data format. A
common example is a geochemical assay file, which is commonly delivered to
you on disk or via email by an assay laboratory in Excel XLS format.
Depending on project needs, you may also initially have geological data,
collar data or survey data in text or data files.
Manually enter data. If you are performing a grassroots exploration project,
you may only have one or two holes to work with initially. In this case, you
may just want to add some basic collar location or projected survey
information to your project.
In this part of the tutorial, we will work through the import process of collar, survey,
assays and geology data from CSV files. The purpose is to demonstrate standard data
formats and show how Drillhole handles each of these situations.
2. Using the [Browse] button, select the Collars.csv file from your working
directory.
Note: The Import Mode enables either a previously created database to be
overwritten (Overwrite) or new and/or updated drillhole information can be
added to a previously created database (Append/Merge). For more
information, click the [Help] button.
3. Click the [Wizard] button. The Drill Hole Import Wizard dialog is displayed.
4. Note that the system has determined that the Data Input format is ASCII Data
and has intuitively predicted that the Types of Data to import is Hole Collar
Data.
Tip: The Drill Hole Import Wizard enables you to easily import data from any
ASCII spreadsheet or data file. The Import Wizard supports both Delimited
and Fixed Field ASCII files. The Import Wizard also imports Microsoft
Excel Comma Seperated Value (CSV), Comma Delimited, White Space
Delimited and Tab Delimited data files. The window at the bottom of the
dialog box shows the file that is being imported. For more information about
Tutorial 1: Drillhole Tools 10
the Drill Hole Import Wizard settings click the [Help] button on the individual
Wizard dialog boxes.
5. Use the horizontal scroll bar to see all of the fields in the file or simply click the
[Next>] button. The system displays the second dialog box in the Drill Hole
Import Wizard.
6. In this case, the system has determined that the File Type containing the data is
Delimited (i.e. separated by commas).
7. In the four fields in the middle of the dialog box specify which line in the file
contains the data headings (i.e. channel names), data units (m or ft etc.),
which line to begin importing data and the number of lines to display in the
preview window.
8. Click the [Next>] button. The system displays the third dialog box in the Drill
Hole Import Wizard.
Tutorial 1: Drillhole Tools 11
9. Specify the Column delimiters as Microsoft Excel CSV for the type of character
used to separate the column text. In this case, the system displays the data in
columns by drawing lines in the preview window indicating the way in which it is
preparing to import your data.
10. Click the [Next>] button to continue. The system displays the fourth and final
dialog box in the Drill Hole Import Wizard.
Tutorial 1: Drillhole Tools 12
11. The Import Wizard has scanned your data and determined the type of data with
which you are working (i.e. Channel Type). It is always good practice to review
your data to ensure that the wizard has selected the correct columns. The
Parameters area in the dialog box shows the name and type of data of the column
highlighted in the preview window.
Note: In the Parameters section, the Data Type for channels that contain
alphanumeric data (for example, sample numbers, rock codes etc.) must be
classified as String.
12. Click the [Finish] button. The system imports the data (Collars.csv) and displays
it in the spreadsheet window.
13. At this point, we recommend that you examine the database carefully. Start by
confirming that all columns of data in the original CSV file are present in the
database.
Note: If you have problems with your data file, the system will attempt to open an
ASCII file (dhimp_collar.log) and display a list of warnings or errors. If you
have not yet configured a text editor in your system, you may be prompted for
one. In this case, search your system for your text editor (i.e. Notepad), which
can be located in the Windows directory.
Before importing data, you must make sure that you have all fields as shown in one of
these configurations (i.e. these fields are required on import).
By convention:
Depth is the distance measured into the hole from the collar, increasing from
zero.
Azimuth is in degrees, increasing positively in a clockwise sense from North
(i.e. N is 0 degrees, E is 90 degrees).
Depth, Easting, Northing and Elevation are in the same units as default units
set in DH-Data\Preferences dialog.
T O I MPORT S URVEY D ATA:
1. On the DH-Data menu click Import, and then click the Text file. The Drill Hole
ASCII Import dialog is displayed.
2. Using the [Browse] button, select the Surveys.csv file from your working
directory and click the [Wizard] button. The system scans the file and displays
the first of four dialog boxes from the Drill Hole Import Wizard.
3. Note that, the system has determined that the Data Input Format is ASCII Data.
The Types of Data to import should default to Dip-Azimuth Survey.
Tutorial 1: Drillhole Tools 14
4. Continue clicking the [Next>] button and work your way through the remaining
three dialog boxes. Watch the sequence of screens and note the differences from
the Collar Import procedure.
5. In the final dialog box click the [Finish] button. The system imports the data
(surveys.csv) and displays it in the spreadsheet window.
2. Using the [Browse] button, select the Assays.csv file from your working
directory and click the [Open] button. The system returns you to the Drill Hole
ASCII Import Wizard dialog box and displays the file name you wish to import.
3. Click the [OK] button. The system scans the file and displays the first of five
dialog boxes from the Drill Hole Import Wizard. Note that the system has
determined that the Data Input Format is ASCII Data. The Types of Data to
import should default to From-To Data.
4. Continue clicking the [Next>] button while watching the sequence of dialog
boxes and the differences from the previous import procedures.
Note: When importing Assay data all elements are assigned the Class ASSAY
(Channel Type). Standards and Duplicates are also identified, enabling
Chimera Geochemistry users to extract the information using the normal
Chimera tools.
5. Before the import is complete, the system displays a fifth dialog box. The purpose
of this dialog box is to enable you to specify a unique name or description for
your data. The name chosen will be appended to the corresponding holes in the
database for easier access and recognition of your data.
Tutorial 1: Drillhole Tools 16
6. Specify a Data Name for this data and click the [Finish] button. The system i
mports the data (Assays.csv) and displays it in the spreadsheet window.
1. On the DH-Data menu click QAQC. The Drill hole - QAQC tools dialog is
displayed.
2. From the Data Type to QAQC dropdown list, select the data type you want to
perform the QA/QC test on. To see the list of options that the select data type will
use for testing, click the [Options] button. In this case, the QA/QC Collar data
options dialog is displayed.
Tutorial 1: Drillhole Tools 18
3. Once you have modified your test options, click the [<Back] button to return to
the Drill hole - QAQC tools dialog.
4. Click the [OK] button to run the test. If no errors are found the Drillhole QA/QC
dialog will be displayed telling you that no errors were detected.
2. On the Page Layout tab, in the Map Name Tag box, specify (Prospect). The Plan
Map Parameters dialog includes intelligent defaults that enable quick plan map
creation. You can accept the remaining defaults, and click the [OK] button. The
PlanCProspect map is displayed.
Tutorial 2: Plan Maps and Data Integration 21
3. For more information on the Plan Map Parameters, click the [Help] button on the
individual tab dialogs.
Data Integration
The ability to quickly and easily integrate multi-disciplinary data into your plan (and
section) maps is one of the advanced visualization capabilities of the Drillhole
system. For example, you may have a magnetic grid supplied by a Geophysicist, or a
topography grid that you want to place on your plan view for comparison with your
drillholes.
Displaying a Grid
In this exercise, you will be working with a previously created magnetic grid file
(mag.grd). Note that, a topography grid file (topo.grd) is also available for
experimentation. The steps of opening grid files are the same for all supported grid
formats.
Note that, you can now also plot a Voxel slice on a Plan map from the Voxel tab. To
create a Voxel using the 3D Kriging gridding method use the Voxel|Gridding|Grid
Voxels menu.
T O D ISPLAY A G RID :
1. Select the Plan map with which you want to work (PlanCProspect.map).
2. On the DH-Plot menu, click the Plan map menu item. The Plan map parameters
dialog is displayed.
Tutorial 2: Plan Maps and Data Integration 22
3. Select the Plan Grid tab and check ( ) the Plot grid or image in plan view box.
Using the [Browse] button, select the Grid or image file File name (mag.grd)
from your working directory.
4. Leaving the Colour zones File name as the default, click the [OK] button. The
grid is displayed on the PlanCProspect.map.
2. In the dialog box, highlight the group you want to hide, in this case we want to
hide the grid (or aggregate) AGG_mag.
3. You can do one of two things; you can remove the check ( ) from the box
directly in front of the group icon
or
4. You can move the Transparency slider, at the bottom of the View/Group Manager
Tool, all the way to the left (Transparency 0%).
5. Using one or both methods, make the grid hidden from view and click the [OK]
button on the View|Group Manage Tool to close the tool.
6. The grid is no longer visible on the Plan map (PlanCProspect.map).
Tutorial 3: Section Maps and Data Interpretation 24
Selecting Holes
A key requirement for the geologists and geochemists that are evaluating and
presenting drillhole data is the ability to select various combinations of drillholes for
optimal visualization and plotting. The Drillhole system provides a comprehensive
set of options for performing this task. The basic methods of hole selections are listed
below.
Selecting (or Deselecting) All Holes: Enables quick development of master
plan maps or resetting of drillholes prior to making new selections.
Selecting Holes by Name: Enables batch selection of multiple holes with
systematic drillhole identifiers. Requires standard drillhole naming scheme for
identifying related holes. For information on Name Mask parameters, click the
[Help] button on the Select holes by name dialog.
Selecting Holes by List: Enables custom selection of single or multiple holes
via a list of all the holes in the database. Requires pre-existing knowledge of
holes.
Selecting Holes by Plan map: Enables rapid visual selection of single or
multiple holes by using a polygon defining tool to select holes along regular
or irregular sections, on a plan map. Useful for quick evaluation of project
data.
Select Holes by Collar table data: Enables custom selection of holes based
on values from a channel in the collar table channel. Once a channel from the
Tutorial 3: Section Maps and Data Interpretation 25
collar table has been selected, the two-panel selection tool is displayed with
all the available items which can be selected. Select one or more, and then all
holes with corresponding matching values will be selected.
Select Holes by polygon File: Enables the selection of holes based on a
polygon (PLY) file. This is useful for claims boundaries, etc.
Select Holes by the Selection Tool: Enables interactive selection of single or
multiple holes by area. The Hole Selection Tool includes a plan view of the
drill survey area as well as display and selection tools.
In addition, the system also enables you to save and load your selections.
Save and/or Load Selections: Enables you to save the current hole selections,
or load previous hole selections from a selection file (*.sel).
9. Using this tool you can select All holes, Selected holes and holes that include
Full Traces or Hole Labels.
10. The drill hole plan view area can be modified using the Zoom In button ( ), the
Zoom Out button ( ) and the Zoom Data Extents button ( ).
11. Using the Selection Tools you can click the [Select All] or [Select None] buttons,
14. When finished click the [OK] button and 19 drillholes in the centre of the survey
area will be selected for plotting.
2. Using this tool you can scroll down through the list of drill holes in the Selected
and Not Selected lists to verify that the correct holes have been selected.
3. Using the arrow button select or deselect additional drillholes as needed. Click
[OK] to exit the dialog.
Section Plots
Drillhole section plot options are provided in easy-to-use tab menus, enabling quick
access to all the settings from a single dialog. The dialog include sensible defaults;
enabling easy creation of drillhole sections.
In this exercise, we will construct a East-West section displaying the nineteen
selected drillhole traces. The drillhole section map will include the following:
Local topography profile plotted across section
Geology data displayed along traces using rock code patterns
Assay data displayed along traces in a bar chart format
Plan map window containing collar locations and magnetic data grid
Profile window containing Au assay data profile
Tutorial 3: Section Maps and Data Interpretation 29
2. From the Template dropdown list, select (landscape A4) and for organizational
purposes you may want to specify the Map Name Tag the same as the "Project"
name (i.e. Prospect).
3. To specify the section map layout, click the [Map Layout] button. The Section
Map Layout dialog is displayed.
4. This dialog enables you to specify the layout of your section map. To accept the
layout and return to the Page Layout tab, click the [OK] button.
Tutorial 3: Section Maps and Data Interpretation 30
5. Select your Legend parameters and specify the Titles text. To determine Map
scale based on the data extents and the selected map template, click the [Auto]
button.
6. To specify the section location parameters, select the Section Location tab.
7. Select Section Azimuth as (E-W) and click the [Default] button to set the
Location and Orientation parameters.
Note: If you select multiple sections each section will be displayed in individual
maps. To plot multiple sections on a single map, see the Stacked Sections
option.
8. To plot a topography profile across the section, select the Topography tab and
select the Plot topography box to enable the topography parameters.
Tutorial 3: Section Maps and Data Interpretation 31
9. Click the [Browse] button and the Select File Type dialog will be displayed.
10. Use this dialog to specify the type of file to be displayed on the section as
Gridded topography. You can select any one of the following data types,
Gridded topography (GRD, DEM), Datamine Wireframe (DM), or Surpac Vision
DTM data. Click the [OK] button and the Select topography grid dialog will be
displayed. Using this dialog select the topography grid file (topo.grd) to use to
calculate the topographic profile across the section.
11. Click in the Line style box. The Line Attributes tool will be displayed.
Tutorial 3: Section Maps and Data Interpretation 32
12. Use this tool to define the line attributes of the topographic profile. Click the
[OK] button to accept the line attributes and return to the Section Parameters
dialog.
Note: To plot a second or third topography profile, check the appropriate boxes to
enable their parameters.
13. To plot geology and assay data along the hole traces in the section, select the Data
tab.
Note: The Plot boxes enable/disable the Data selection dropdown list. This is a
convenient way to select or de-select individual data plots, without clearing or
re-selecting the data from the Data lists.
Tutorial 3: Section Maps and Data Interpretation 33
14. Using the Data dropdown lists, select the data channels available in the current
project to plot (Au [Assays] and Rock [Geology]).
Note: The selections combine the name of the channel, along with the identifier for
the project database in which the channel is found.
15. Using the Plot Type dropdown lists, select the plotting types (Bar plot and Rock
patterns).
Note: Plot Types displayed are based on the data type of the selected Data.
Numeric channel selections include; Bar plot, Grid: Kriging, Grid: Min
curvature, Grid: TIN based, Numeric bands, Post values, Profile and
Structural Ticks. String or text channel selections also include;
Comments, Post text, Rock patterns, and Text bands.
16. Click the [Define] button beside the Bar plot Plot Type to define the bar plot
parameters. The Bar Plot Parameters dialog is displayed.
Tutorial 3: Section Maps and Data Interpretation 34
17. Using this dialog, you can define the plotting parameters for the Au Assay bar
plot. Select the Fill as a Zone File (Au_edited.itr) and click the [Define] button
to display the Define Colour Zones dialog.
18. Use this dialog to specify the # Zones, the Distribution and the Maximum Value of
the zones. Click the [OK] button to close the dialog and return to the Bar Plot
Parameters dialog.
19. We will leave the rest of the parameters to the default values. Click [OK] to
return to the Section Parameters dialog.
Tutorial 3: Section Maps and Data Interpretation 35
20. Click the [Define] button beside the Rock patterns Plot Type to define the rock
parameters. The Pattern Bands Rock Codes dialog is displayed.
21. In the Plot Parameter box, select Left side (the Bar plot is being plotted on the
right side). Then, using the Rock Code File [Browse] button, locate the
(Lithology.csv) file from your working directory. Leave the remaining
parameters to the default values and click the [OK] button to return to the Section
Parameters dialog.
Note: An example Rock Code file (AGSO.csv) is also available in your C:\Program
Files\Geosoft\Oasis montaj\csv directory. For a detailed view of this file, see
Appendix 3: AGSO Rock Code File (page 73).
22. To specify the plan map window parameters, select the Plan View tab.
Tutorial 3: Section Maps and Data Interpretation 36
23. To enable the plotting of a Plan view window on the Section Map, select (check)
the Plot plan view box and specify the Trace Style as (Collars) and then to enable
the plotting of a grid in the plan view window, select the Plot grid or image in
plan view box. Using the [Browse] button, locate and select the grid file to
display (mag.grd).
24. To specify the profile window parameters, select the Profiles tab.
Tutorial 3: Section Maps and Data Interpretation 37
25. To enable the plotting of a profile window, select the Plot grid data profiles box.
Using the [Browse] button, locate and select the grid file to use (mag.grd) to
calculate the profile across the section. Selecting the Line Type box displays the
Line Attributes dialog and clicking the [Define] button displays the Profile
Options dialog.
Tutorial 3: Section Maps and Data Interpretation 38
26. Use this dialog to specify the profile parameters and click the [OK] button to
return to the Section Parameters dialog.
27. Click the [OK] button on the Section Parameters dialog. The section map
(S12401NProspect.map) is displayed.
Tutorial 3: Section Maps and Data Interpretation 39
E DITING A G ROUP :
how to use these tools to draw an interpretation from your geological drillhole data
using the following steps:
Zoom for better viewing detail
Create a new group
Drawing lines or polylines
Z OOM FOR B ETTER V IEWING D ETAIL
There are six different Zoom options available on the Navigation Bar to enable you to
enlarge an area of interest for better viewing detail. For more information on these
tools, see the online help topic Navigation Tools Bar using the Search tab in the
Oasis montaj Help (Help|Help Topics).
C REATE A N EW G ROUP
Before you add new lines or polylines to your map, you must create a new map
group.
T O C REATE A N EW G ROUP :
1. On the DH-Plot menu, click New group. The Create a new empty group in a view
dialog is displayed.
2. Using the View dropdown list, select Section and then, type Interp in the New
group name box.
3. Click the [OK] button and the Map Group Editing Bar will be enabled.
You can use the Line ( ) and the Polyline ( ) tools to draw linear features, for
example drawing geological interpretations of similar rock types between the
drillhole traces.
T O D RAW P OLYLINES TO C ONNECT S IMILAR F EATURES :
3. When you are finished, right-click the mouse button and select Done from the
popup menu.
For more information on using CAD tools, see the online help topic Draw
Interpretations using the Search tab in the Oasis montaj Help (Help|Help Topics).
Tutorial 4: Strip Logs and Compositing Tool 42
2. Specify the Layer Name Tag as (Prospect) and in the Holes to plot box, select the
Specified hole(s) radio button and from the hole/mask dropdown list select
(SKC247).
3. To Plot Legend check the box and type your legend text in the appropriate boxes.
4. To specify the hole trace parameters, select the Hole Trace tab.
7. Using the Data dropdown lists, select the data channels available in the current
Drillhole project you want to plot (see dialogs above). Note, to advance to the
second screen, click the Arrow button(s) ( ) above the [Define] buttons.
Note: The selections combine the name of the channel, along with the identifier for
the project database in which the channel is found.
8. Using the Plot Type dropdown lists, select the plotting type for the data.
Note: Plot Types displayed are based on the type of selected data.
9. To specify the legend parameters, select the Legend tab.
Tutorial 4: Strip Logs and Compositing Tool 45
10. To enable the plotting of a legend, check the Plot Legend box.
11. Select the Location as (Right) and in the Width (cm) box specify (10).
12. To enable the plotting of data information, check the Plot data info box and then
select the data information you wish to plot in the legend.
13. Click the [OK] button on the Strip Log Parameters dialog. The strip log map
(SKC247Prospect.map) is displayed in the map window and the Project
Explorer.
Tutorial 4: Strip Logs and Compositing Tool 46
3. You can specify the interval over which to determine the composite value by
manually entering the interval in the From and To boxes, or you can select the
range of depths interactively from the strip log map, by clicking the [Range]
button.
Note: When the [Range] button is clicked, the cursor changes to a cross. Click once
on any location in the map to define the top or bottom of the interval. The
"Box" cursor is then displayed. Move the cursor up or down to the other end
of the interval and click a second time to select the full interval. Control is
then returned to the compositing tool, and the "From", "To" and "Range"
buttons are updated to the selected interval. In addition, the composite values
for any selected data will also be updated.
4. Select the range of Au values as shown below:
Tutorial 4: Strip Logs and Compositing Tool 48
5. The selected range and calculated length will be displayed in the From, To and
Length boxes. Using the Selected data dropdown list, you can select up to five of
the plotted hole graphs, select (7: Au(ppm)). Note that, the graphs are numbered
beginning on the left of the Composite map.
6. Click the [Options] button to select how the composite value label is to be
displayed with the selected data. The Labelling Options dialog is displayed.
7. Using this dialog you can specify labelling options when plotting composite
intervals on the strip log map. For more information on labelling options, click the
[Help] button. Click the [OK] button to return to the Compositing Tool.
Tutorial 4: Strip Logs and Compositing Tool 49
8. Click the button to plot that particular composite value to the selected
data on the strip log map.
Tutorial 5: Drill 3D Tool 50
Note: Because we had previously selected holes to plot sections, we need to first
deselect all holes. Then, we will select a new different group of holes for 3D
plotting.
2. On the DH-Plot menu, select Select holes|Deselect all holes. All drillholes will be
deselected.
3. On the DH-Plot menu, select Select holes|From plan map. The Define polygon
dialog will be displayed.
6. When finished, click the right mouse button and select Done from the popup
menu. The system selects the holes within the defined boundary.
2. Using this tool you can verify that the holes from the correct location have been
selected.
3. If additional holes need to be added or removed there are a number of methods for
doing so using the Hole Selection Tool? For more information click the [Help]
button, click [OK] to exit the dialog.
4. In the Voxel file to Generate box, specify the name of your new Voxel file as
Au_voxel. Note that the extension (.geosoft_voxel) will be added to your voxel
name.
5. In the Error Voxel to Generate box, specify the name of the error voxel file
(optional) as Au. Then, using the Channel to Grid dropdown list, select Au. The
remaining default parameters are acceptable.
6. To access advanced gridding parameters, click the [Advanced>] button.
However, you can leave these parameters to the intelligent default values and
click the [OK] button to continue, the Place a Voxel in a 3D view dialog will be
displayed.
7. Click the [OK] button and the 3D Controls dialog is displayed. This dialog is
used to specify the 3D Voxel viewing parameters. We will accept the default
parameters and click the [OK] button to create the voxel file
Au_voxel.geosoft_voxel and display the Voxel in a 3D view.
Tutorial 5: Drill 3D Tool 55
8. When you display a 3D Voxel grid in the 3D Viewer the 3D Tool is also
displayed. The 3D Tool now also includes a Voxels tab that enables you to modify
a variety of Voxel parameters to enhance your view of the Voxel. For example,
you can specify the transparency of the Voxel and the data range for the Data, and
the X, Y and Z coordinates of the Voxel. For more information, select the Voxel
tab on the 3D Tool and press the <F1> key, to display the 3D Voxel Tab online
help topic.
9. You can close the 3D Viewer window and the map file (Au_voxel.map) as we
will be using the Voxel grid file when we create our Drill3D Map.
5. This tab dialog includes the following drillhole trace parameters; Width and
Colour of the hole trace, the Hole Labels including location, annotations, text
size, colour and font, and Depth Ticks (annotations etc.) along the hole trace.
Change the Tick Interval (m) to (50) and we will accept the remaining default
values and select the Data tab.
Tutorial 5: Drill 3D Tool 58
6. The Data and Plot type is selected from dropdown lists, just as you would select
data for your Plans or Sections. For this exercise, we selected Au (Assay) to be
plotted as Numeric bands and Rock (Geology) as Post Text.
Note: In Drill3D only two sets of data can be plotted down hole along the trace (Left
side and Right side). When these data appear in the 3D Viewer, the point-of-
view will always remain the same, no matter how the image is rotated, panned
or zoomed; i.e. the Au numeric band will always appear down the left-hand
side of the trace in this 3D view.
7. Plan oriented Gridded data can also be created from this tab. In this case, we will
grid the Au data using a minimum curvature technique (Kriging and a TIN based
technique are also available).
8. To define the Gridded data parameters, click the [Define] button. The Minimum
Curvature Gridding dialog is displayed.
14. Using the Log option dropdown list, select (log) and in the Log minimum box,
specify (0.01). Note that, the minimum value for the Au channel (column) is 0.01.
Click the [OK] button to return to the previous dialog.
15. The final parameter on the gridding parameters dialog is the Transparency. Using
the slider you can control the level of transparency of the gridded data in the 3D
view. For this exercise, we set the slider to approximately half way or 50%.
16. Click the [OK] button to return to the previous dialog.
17. Select the Topography tab.
Tutorial 5: Drill 3D Tool 60
18. Check the Plot topography box to enable the topography parameters.
19. Using the [Browse] buttons, locate (in your working directory) the Topography
grid file topo.grd and the Overlay grid on topography file mag.grd. Note that, in
this case we are using the topography grid to display the surface relief and
colouring the surface using a magnetic grid image.
20. Check the Grid Clipping box, and specify 10 metres (ground units) for the Border
size.
21. Using the Transparency slider set the transparency of this plane to approximately
50%. Then, select the Voxel tab.
Tutorial 5: Drill 3D Tool 61
22. Check the Plot voxel file box to enable the voxel parameters.
23. Using the [Browse] button, locate (in your working directory) the Voxel grid file
Au_voxel.geosoft_voxel. Then, using the [Browse] button, locate (in the Geosoft
tbl directory) the Colour zone file colour.tbl.
24. Using the Transparency slider set the transparency of the Voxel to approximately
50%.
25. The final tab Load/Save is used to save the map and data parameters to file for
either sharing with other users or so these particular map settings can be used at a
later date. For the purposes of this tutorial, we will not save.
26. Click the [OK] button and the Drill3D map will be created and display in your
current project.
Tutorial 5: Drill 3D Tool 62
27. Using the Voxel tab on the 3D Tool move the Transparency slider approximately
50% and change the left Data value box to (0.3) (i.e. window the data between the
lowest value and 0.3). Your Drill3D.map should look similar to the map above.
Note: To select the View/Group Manager Tool in the Project Explorer, select the
Drill3D.map file in the Project Explorer, right-click and from the popup
menu select Show View/Group manager tool for this map.
Tutorial 5: Drill 3D Tool 63
tab enables you to modify the overall view of the 3D View on a map.
tab enables you to modify the individual planes within each 3D View
tab enables you to add labels, axis, and a box around the 3D View.
tab enables you to adjust the rendering resolution in the 3D tool.
tab enables you to modify the appearance of the Voxel in your 3D View
V IEW T AB
The View tab displays the visualisation controls for viewing in 3DRotate, Zoom
and Pan (these controls can also be selected from the popup menu, displayed when
you right click in the 3D Viewer).
The Centre button resets the focus point of the view and the current 3D View is
centred in the 3D Viewer (independent of the zoom).
The Slider bar controls the brightness of the image.
The Inclination, Declination and Distance are the current viewing parameters,
relative to the central point. Inclination and declination can be fixed, so when
Tutorial 5: Drill 3D Tool 64
rotating, that particular angle will always be used (e.g. fixing inclination at 25 degrees
will only allow a rotating view around the central point where the point of view is
locked at 25 degrees above the horizon).
P LANES T AB
The Planes tab enables you to modify the individual planes within each 3D View.
This tab controls the display and viewing characteristics of surfaces and images
displayed in the 3D Viewer.
All the planes in the 3D view are listed in the drop down box; in the example in this
tutorial the three gridded image of Au are listed as planes (225RL,275RL and
325RL) and the topography that we draped the magnetics image over is listed as
surface (by default).
If the Plane is a flat surface, i.e. the image is not draped over a topographic relief
surface, only the Offset and the Transparency can be controlled. If the Plane has a
topographic surface (i.e. has X, Y and depth components) there are additional
controls:
Sample the sampling resolution of the relief surface grid (16 to 512, 256 is the
default)
Base the base value of the grid relative to the Z-axis. Zero (0) implies that the relief
surfaces Z values are relative to the Z-axis.
Scale the vertical exaggeration of the relief surface. A scale of 1 indicates that the
relief surface is to true scale.
Clip min and max minimum and maximum values in the relief grid. These can be
set to clip higher or lower values in a surface.
A XIS T AB
The Axis tab enables you to annotate the X, Y and Z-axis with whatever nomenclature
you wish to use. For clarity, we entered; Easting, Northing and Depth for this
tutorial.
3D C ON
The 3Dcon tab enables you to set the rendering resolution for 3D Views. Full
rendering occurs every time you modify the 3D view and the view is redrawn, fast
rendering occurs when the image is constantly in motion; for example while rotating,
zooming or panning.
For users with graphics cards that are of low memory (below 64Mb) and/or slower
processors, then it is recommended to leave these at the default settings while
working in the 3D environment as it makes heavy use of the resources in the video
card.
Note: The controls on this tab are system controls and changes made to this tab will
affect all 3D maps in your Oasis montaj system.
For more information on working in 3D Views download the technical note, Drill3D
from the Geosoft web site at: http://www.geosoft.com/resources/technotes/index.asp
Tutorial 5: Drill 3D Tool 65
V OXEL T AB
The 3D Voxel tab enables you to modify the appearance of the Voxel in your 3D
view. For example you can select the Colour Tool, Voxel statistics, add a Box around
the Voxel, display Voxel grid lines, specify the transparency of the Voxel and the data
range for the Data, and the X, Y and Z coordinates of the Voxel.
For more information on working in 3D Views download the technical note, Drill3D
from the Geosoft web site at: http://www.geosoft.com/resources/technotes/index.asp
Appendix 1: Setting Drillhole Preferences 66
2. You can use this dialog to set the specified global variables as shown in the chart
below:
Map template Select a standard template to be used to define the map layout. The map
layout includes the media size, map margins and page orientation.
Rock codes list file Two rock codes data files (asgo.csv and rockcode.csv) are provided, and
(*.csv) can be found in the C:\Program Files\Geosoft\Oasis montaj\user\csv
directory. You can specify one of these files or your own standard rock
codes list file (in CSV format). If you generate your own CSV files these
should be stored in the /Oasis montaj\user\csv directory.
Appendix 1: Setting Drillhole Preferences 67
Structure codes list The structure codes and their associated colours are normally used with
file (*.csv) point (single-depth) data and are used to colour structure symbols such as
structural ticks, tadpole plots, and symbols in Stereonet plots.
Order for polynomial This parameter is used for the Polynomial Fit resurveying method,
fit described above. The order of the polynomial is reduced to no greater
than the number of (dip, azimuth, depth) values, and a maximum of 20.
The larger this number, the more accurately the dip and azimuth are
matched at each surveyed hole depth. The smaller the number, the
smoother the final hole traces.
Hole discretization The resurveying process calculates the hole location at a spacing
interval determined by this interval. This interval also determines the accuracy of
intersection and cut-off points, such as when a hole leaves or enters the
current view "slice", and also averaging functions used when plotting
graphs of data down the holes.
Hole survey dip Drillhole has always used the convention that dip is negative downward,
angle sign so that vertically downward is 90.0.
(downward) Normally, though, vertically down is +90 degrees, and selecting the
"positive" setting will cause Drillhole to interpret all dip values in a
Drillhole database in this manner. This simplifies the import of data from
other packages or formats where dips are positive downward. This
convention is applied at plotting time, so if all your holes go up instead
of down change this convention to correct things.
Right/left for posted Use the dropdown list to select the method for posting data on a map.
data Two methods are currently available:
Hole reference, the side on which data is plotted is decided with
reference to the direction of the hole. If you turn the map so that the
collar is "up" and the hole runs down, then left and right are as viewed at
that time.
Map reference, Drillhole looks at the orientation of the hole on the
current map, and adjusts the plotting side accordingly. This is done with
reference to the collar orientation, so cases where a hole plots nearly
horizontally in a map can give somewhat unpredictable results.
N-S Sections face. Use the dropdown list to select the direction N-S sections face.
By default, N-S sections are defined with an azimuth of 0 degrees, facing
west; so that South is to the left and North is to the right, and the northing
value increases from left to right.
Traditionally, N-S sections have been defined with an azimuth of 180
degrees, facing east; so that North is to the left, South is to the right, and
Appendix 1: Setting Drillhole Preferences 68
Auto-convert If Yes, all values in channels set to be ASSAY type are scanned on
negatives on Import? import, and those values less than zero are replaced by positive values
one-half the size (e.g. values are multiplied by 0.5).
Use mask channel If a default mask channel is specified (see note below), then you may use
for plotting/export? enable the usage of the mask channel to select and deselect individual
data points when plotting data, or exporting data to a file.
Note: As of v5.1.3, the initial values in the mask channel are set to 1,
so all points are automatically selected upon import of data.
Previous to v5.1.3, these values were initialized to dummy
"*", so they must be re-set manually to 1 in order for your data
to be selected once you enable the use of the mask channel.
Failure to set any values to 1 may result in errors such as the
inability to determine the range of selected data (since no data
is selected).
Default mask If a mask channel is specified, and if the use of a mask channel is enabled
channel (above), then only those data values where the corresponding mask value
is not a dummy "*" will be used for plotting, or when exporting data.
(NOTE: that "0", although logically a "NO", is treated as a non-dummy,
so the data remains selected. Only the dummy "*" can be used to mask
out data. Values can be set to dummy by selecting them in the database,
then pressing the space bar.)
When plotting, those points or intervals which are "masked out" will not
appear, nor will depth ticks appear for these values.
If no mask channel is specified, no masking occurs, even if the "use mask
channel" value is set to "yes".
The default mask channel has its "Class" set to "MASK", and so is
recognized inside Chimera as a valid mask channel. Only the "Mask"
channel or those channels with "MASK" class are listed in the drop-down
box.
Azimuth magnetic Many down-hole surveys are conducted with a Kodak-Eastman survey
declination device, which records the azimuth in relation to a magnetic compass
correction bearing. In this case the azimuth values recorded in the collar table and
dip-azimuth survey databases do not give the "true" azimuth measured
relative to north. This value will be added to the collar table and survey
database azimuth values before the resurveying of holes for plotting in
plans, sections etc.
For instance, if magnetic north is 10 degrees west of true north, and the
stored azimuth values are given relative to this value, put the value "-10"
as the correction. An azimuth of 10 will then be corrected to 0 (true
north) before the hole is re-surveyed. In effect, holes are rotated around
the collar position by the correction angle.
3. Click the [OK] button to accept the Drillhole Preferences.
Note: For more information on Drillhole Preferences, click the [Help] button.
Appendix 2: Setting QA/QC Options 69
Duplicated Duplicated collar locations are flagged. Though multiple holes can be drilled from the
Locations same collar, this may indicate a data entry error.
Reversed A simple test is performed on each collar location: The area covered by all the collars if
Easting/Northing each hole location (one at a time) is specified with Easting and Northings reversed is
compared to the original area. This test succeeds because reversing the two values
generally produces a location far away from the rest of the collars, and the total area
covered by all the holes changes markedly. This test can break down if more than a
single collars Eastings and Northings are reversed.
Dip out of range 90 Dips outside this range (which are not dummies) are flagged. On import, dummy dips
to 90 are set to 90 or 90, depending on the defined dip sign convention.
Azimuth out of Azimuths outside this range (which are not dummies) are flagged. On import, dummy
range -360 to 360 azimuth values are set to 0.
Dip sign If a dip value has the opposite sign of the current dip convention, it is flagged. This
discrepancy would indicate a hole heading back to the surface.
Top of hole depth While the collar may be located at a distance down the hole from the original Top
less than 0 value, it cannot be located before the start of the hole itself.
This error is reported just once per hole in any single database.
Hole depth less The hole depth should be greater than or equal to 0. Hole depths in the range 0 to 1.0
than 0 are reset to 1.0 on import so that the start of the hole will plot on maps.
This error is reported just once per hole in any single database.
Hole depth less The total depth of the hole must exceed the location of the start of the hole.
than top of hole
Appendix 2: Setting QA/QC Options 70
Depth less than Values of depth less than the defined hole top depth are flagged.
hole top
This error is reported just once per hole in any single database.
Depth greater than Values of depth greater than the defined hole bottom depth are flagged. The hole bottom
hole bottom depth is automatically reset to the maximum hole depth defined in the survey.
This error is reported just once per hole in any single database.
Duplicated Depths Duplicated depth values are flagged. Only one dip-azimuth value can be defined at a
single depth.
Out-of-sequence Depths that decrease from the previous value are flagged. Depths should increase. Out-
Depths of-sequence depths may indicate an error in the depth values. In practice, depths are
sorted before the hole is re-surveyed.
Dummy Dip or Flags dip or azimuth values which are undefined. The last dip and azimuth for a hole
Azimuth may be left undefined (dummy).
Dip out of range 90 Dips outside this range (which are not dummies) are flagged. On import, dummy dips
to 90 are set to 90 or 90, depending on the defined dip sign convention.
Azimuth out of Azimuths outside this range (which are not dummies) are flagged. On import, dummy
range -360 to 360 azimuth values are set to 0.
Dip sign If a dip value has the opposite sign of the current dip convention, it is flagged. This
discrepancy would indicate a hole heading back to the surface.
Max curvature - One indication of erroneous depth, dip or azimuth values is the creation of a hole that
degrees per meter bends crazily at a certain location. Curvature is the mathematical description of how fast
(or feet) the borehole bends. If this value is left blank, or zero, no check is performed. A
maximum of 10 degrees per meter means that it would be okay if the hole could be
formed into a circle with a circumference of 36 meters.
Duplicated Duplicated depth values are flagged. Only one dip-azimuth value can be defined at a
Locations single depth.
Appendix 2: Setting QA/QC Options 71
Reversed A simple test is performed on each surveyed location: The horizontal (East-North)
Easting/Northing distance between successive hole locations is measured, then compared with the
distance if the East and North values in the second location are reversed. This test
succeeds because reversing the two values generally produces a location far away from
the rest of the points, but has the opposite effect if the values were reversed to begin
with. This test can break down if more than a single locations Eastings and Northings
are reversed.
Broken trend in RL Generally a descending hole continues to descend and an ascending hole continues to
ascend. This test flags locations where the change in successive RL changes sign. This
can occur legitimately when a hole passes through the horizontal, but normally occurs
due to an error in the RL value.
Max curvature - One indication of erroneous east, north or RL h values is the creation of a hole that
degrees per meter bends crazily at a certain location. Curvature is the mathematical description of how fast
(or feet) the borehole bends. If this value is left blank, or zero, no check is performed. A
maximum of 10 degrees per meter means that it would be okay if the hole could be
formed into a circle with a circumference of 36 meters.
From greater than Intervals are flagged if the From value is greater than the To value. Intervals cannot
To have negative thickness.
From equals To Intervals are flagged if the From value is equal the To value. Some Point data sets
are represented as From-To data sets with the From and To values equal, so this test is
not always desired.
From or To less No data can be plotted above the top of the surveyed hole. In practice, intervals are
than hole top truncated to the top of the surveyed hole depth.
This error is reported just once per hole in any single database.
From or To greater No data can be plotted beyond the surveyed hole depth. In practice, intervals are
than hole bottom truncated to the surveyed hole depth.
This error is reported just once per hole in any single database.
Duplicated From-To Only a single data definition can exist for any given From-To interval, so duplicates will
intervals be ignored when plotting.
Out-of-sequence Intervals that decrease from the previous value are flagged. Depths should increase.
Intervals Out-of-sequence intervals may indicate an error in the depth values. In practice,
intervals are sorted before plotting.
Overlapping Intervals are flagged if they overlap with the previous interval. The From of the second
intervals interval must be greater than or equal the To of the previous interval.
Missing intervals Intervals where the From value is greater than the previous intervals To value are
flagged. In practice, this situation is often valid. Its presence in data that is supposed to
be complete in depth may indicate an error in one of the From or To values.
Duplicated sample In some data sets, such as geochemical data, each measurement is identified with a
numbers unique sample number or code. This test looks for duplicated sample numbers (codes).
Dummy Depth Values of depth that are dummy values are flagged.
Depth less than No data can be plotted above the top of the surveyed hole In practice, no data points
hole top less than the surveyed hole top depth are plotted.
Depth greater than No data can be plotted beyond the surveyed hole depth. In practice, no data points
hole bottom greater than the surveyed hole depth are plotted.
Duplicated Depths Only a single data definition can exist for any given depth, so duplicates will be ignored
when plotting.
Out-of-sequence Depths that decrease from the previous value are flagged. Depths should increase. Out-
Depths of-sequence depths may indicate an error in the depth values. In practice, data are
sorted by depth before plotting.
Duplicated sample In some data sets, such as geochemical data, each measurement is identified with a
numbers unique sample number or code. This test looks for duplicated sample numbers (codes).
Appendix 3: AGSO Rock Code File 73