CESSNA SECTION 5

MODEL 172N PERFORMANCE

SECTION 5
PERFORMANCE

TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page

Introduction 5-3
Use of Perfornance Charts 5-3
ll
Sample Problem 5-3
tlr Takeoff 5-4
rli
Cruise 5-5
t;,
Fuel Required 5-5
llr
Landing 6-7
Figure 5-1, Airspeed Calibration - Normal Static Source 5-8
Airspeed Calibration - Alternate Static Source 5-9
Figure 5-2, Temperature Conversion Chart 5-10
Figure 5-3, Stall Speeds 5-11
Figure 5-4, Takeoff Distance - 2300 Lbs 5-1?,
Takeoff Distance -2100 Lbs and 1900 Lbs 5-13
Figure 5-5, Rate Of Climb - Maximum 5-14
Figure 5-6, Time, Fuel, And Distance To Climb 5-15
Figure 5-7, Cruise Performance . 5-16
Figure 5-8, Range Profile - 40 Gallons Fuel -L7
'Range Profile - 50 Galtons FueI
5-18
Figure 5-9, Endurance Profile - 40 Gallons Fuel 5-19
Endurance Profile - 50 Gallons FueI 5-20
Figure 5-10, Landing Distance 5-21

6-Ll(6-2 blank)
(,:I.]SSNA 4OO MARKER BEACON PILOT'S OPERATING HANDBOOK I'ILOT'S OPERATING HANDBOOK CESSNA 4OO MAITKIIi BEACON
('r'YtlE R-402A) SUPPLEMENT SUPPLEMENT (1'YI'Il It-402A)

1. OFF/VOLUME CONTROL - The small, inner control turns tho sot orr or ol'l rrrrl
adjusts the audio Iistening level. Clockwise rotation turns tho sol, rl r,rlrl
increases the audio level.

2. DIM/BRT CONI'ROL - The large, outer control provides light dimmins lirr.t,tro
marker Iights. Clockwise rotation increases light intensity.
3. TEST SWITCH - ( 152 Model Series Only) When the press-to-test switch buttou is
depressed, the marker beacon lights wiII illuminate, indicating the Iights u,r.o
operational (the test position is a Iamp test function only).
LO/ HI SENS SWI'I'C ll - ( 152 Model Series OnIy) In the LO position (Up), receiver
sensitivity is positiorrod for ILS approaches. In the HI position (Down), receiver
sensitivity is positionod for airway flying.
TYPICAL INSTALLATION
ON ALL 152 MODI,)L SERIES 5. SPEAKER/PHONIi SWI'lCH - Selects speaker or phone for aural reception.

MARKER BEACON I N I )ICATOR LIGHTS - Indicates passage of outer, middle

and inner markor' llor,(:ors. 'I'he OUTER light is blue, the MIDDLE light is amber
and the INNER liglrl, is white.

HI/LOlTEST SWI'l'(ll I - (AlI Models Except 152 Model Series) In the HI position
(Up), receiver sorrsil,ivil,.y is positioned for airway flying. In the LO position
(Center), receivol nolsil,ivity is positioned for ILS approaches. In the TEST
position (Down, tlro rnrlrker lights wiu illuminate, indicating the lights are
operational (tho tosl, rosition is a lamp test function only).

TYPICAL INSTAI,I,ATION
ON ALL MODELS I'XCEPT
152 MODEL SEI1IES

l,'lp.ru'r, l. Cessna 400 Marker Beacon Operating Controls and Indicator ligure 1. Cessna 400 Marker Beacon Operating Controls and [ndicator
Lights (Sheet 1 of 2) Lights (Sheet 2 of 2)

B
CESSNA SECTION 6
MODEL 172N PEN ORMANCE

INTRODUCTON
Performance data charts on the following pages are presented so that
you may know what to expect from the airplane under various conditions,
and also, to facilitate the planning of flights in detail and with reasonable
a,ccuracy. The data in the charts has been computed from actual flight tests
with the airplane and engine in good condition and using average piloting
techniques.
It should be noted that the perforrnance information presented in the
range and endurance profile charts allows for 45 minutes reserve fuel
based on 46Vo power. Fuel flow data for cruise is based on the recommended
lean mixture setting. Some indeterminate variables such as mixture
leaning technique, fuel metering characteristics, engine and propeller
condition, and air turbulence ma,y a,ccount for variations of 107o ormore in
range and endurance. Therefore, it is important to utilize all available
information to estimate the fuel required for the particular flight.

USE OF PERFORMANCE CHARTS

Performance data is presented in tabular or graphical forrn to illus-
trate the effect of different variables. Sufficiently detailed information is
provided in the tables so that conservative values ca,n be selected and used
to determine the particular performance figure with reasonable accuracy.

SAMPLE PROBLEM
The following sample flight problem utilizes information from the
various charts to determine the predicted performance data for a typical
flight. The following information is known:
AIRPLANE CONFIGUR,ATION
Takeoff weight 2250 Pounds
Usable fuel 40 GaIIons

TAKEOFF CONDITIONS
Field pressure altitude 1500 Feet
Temperature 28'C (16oC above standard)
Wind component along runway 12 Knot Headwind
Field length 8500 Feet
 CESSNA SECTION 5
SECTION 5 CESSNA PER,FORMANCE
MODEL 172N MODEL 172N
PERFON,MANCE

CRUISE
CR,UISE CONDITIONS
Total distance 460 Nautical Miles
5500 Feet The cruising altitude should be selected based on a consideration of
Pressure altitude trip length, winds aloft, ardthe airplane's performance. Atypical cruising
Temperature zO"C (16oC above standard)
Knot Headwind attitudJana the expected wind enroute have been given for this sample
Expected wind enroute 10
problem. However, the power setting selection for cruise must be deter-
minea based on several considerations. These include the cruise perfor-
rf LANDING CONDITIONS mance characteristics presented in figure 5-7, the range profile chart
Field Pressure altitude 2000 Feet
z50c presented in figure 5-8, and the endurance profile chart presentedin figure
I TemPerature 5-9.
Field length 3000 Feet
The relationship between power and range is illustrated by the range
TAKEOFF profile chart. Considerable fuel savings and longer rarge result when
lower power settings are used.
Thetakeoffdistaneechart'figureS-4,shouldbeconsulted,keepingin
mind that the distances shown re based on the short field technique' The range profile chart incates that use of 65Vo powet at 5500 feet
Conservative distances can be established by reading the chart at the next yields a predicted range of 523 nautical miles with no wind. The endurance
il trigtt". value of weight, altitude and temperaturg' For example' in tlis profile chart, figure 5-9, shows a, corresponng 4.7 hours.
ri pa"rticular sample prblem, the takeoff distance information presentedfor
weight of 2300 pounds, pressure altitude of 2000 feet and atemperature of
-a
l, The range figure of 523 nautical miles is corrected to account for the
[, SO.C should be used and results in the following: expected 10 knot headwind at 55) feet'
Ground roll 1075 Feet
Range, zero wind 523
Tota1 distance to clear a 50-foot obstacle 1915 Feet
Decrease in range due to wind
(4.7 hours , 1O knot headwind) 47
These distances are well within the available takeoff field lenglh' flowev- Corrected ra,nge 76-Nautical Miles
er, a correction for the effoct of wind may be made based on Note 3 of the
takeoff chart. The correction for a 12 knot headwind is: This indicates that the trip can be made without a fuel stop using
approximat ely 66Vo Power.
x Lovo = 137o Decrease
ffi The cruise performance chart, figure 5-?, is entered at 6000 feet altitude
and 20oc above standard temperature. These values most nearly corres-
This results in the following distances, corrected for wind: pond to the planned altitude and expected temperature conditions. The
ngine speed chosen is 2500 RPM, which results in the following:

Ground roll, zero wind 1075 Power 64Vo

Decrease in ground roll True airspeed 114 Knots
(1075 feet * LSVo) 140 Cruise fuel flow 7.1GPH
Corrected ground roll 935 Feet
The power computer may be used to determine power and fuol consump-
tion more accurately during the flight.
Total distance to clear a
50-foot obstacle, zero wind 1915 FUEL REOUIRED
Decrea,se in total distance The total fuel requirement for the flight may be eetlmatcd uolng the
(1915 feet , lSVo) 249
performance information in figures 5-6 and 5-7. For thlg rample problem'
Corrected total distance
to clear 5O-foot obstacle 1666 Feet iig,rr" 5-6 shows that a climb frbm 2000 foetto 6000 feet requlrea 1.3 gallons

-
,{
SECTION 5 CESSNA SECTION
MODEL 172N,r CESSNA
PERFORMANCE MODEL 172N PERFON,I\4ANOE

of fuel. The corresponding distance during the climb is 9 nautical miles. The total estimated fuel required is as follows:
These values are for a standard temperature and are sufficiently accurate
for most flight planning purposes. However, a further correction for the Engine start, taxi, and takeoff 1.1
effect of temperature may be made as noted on the climb chart. The CIimb 1.5
approximate effect of a non-standard temperature is to increase the time' Cruise 30.5
fuel, and distance by lOTo for each 10oC above standard temperature, dueto
the lower rate of climb. In this case, assuming a temperature 16"C above
Total fuel required ffi Gauons
standard, the correction would be: This will leave a fuel reserve of:
16oC - 1^d- - tao/^ t.
LUYo = Lb"/o rncrease 40.0
i' -33.1
6.9 Gallons
With this factor included, the fuel estimate would be calculated as follows:
Once the flight is underway, ground speed shecks will provide a more
FueI to climb, standard temperature 1.3 accurate basis for estimating the time enroute and the corresponding fuel
Increase due to non-standard temperature requred to complete the trip with ample reserve.
(1.3 x l6Vo) 0.2
Corrected fuel to climb 1.5 Gallons IANDING
A procedure similar to takeoff should be used for estimating the
Using a similar procedure for the distance to climb results in 10 nautical Ianding distance at the destination airport. Figure 5-10 presents landing
miles. distance information for the short field technique. The distances corres-
ponding to 2000 feet and 30oC are as follows:
The resultant cruise stance is:
Ground roll 590 Feet
Total distance 460 Total distance to clear a 50-foot obstacle 1370 Feet
Climb distance -10
Cruise distance 450 Nautical Miles A correction for the effect of wind maybe made based on Note 2 of the
landing chart using the same procedure as outlined for takeoff.
With an expected 10 knot headwind, the ground speed for cruise is
predicted to be:
LL4
-10
104 Knots

Therefore, the time required for the cruise portion of the trip is:
4!Q Nautical Miles = 4.8 flours
104 Knots

The fuel required for cruise is:

4.3 hours , 7.1 gallons/hour = 30.5 GaIIons

 CESSNA SECTION 6
\
SECTION 5
PERFOR,MANCE MODEL 172N PERFORMANCE

AIRSPEED CALIBRATION AIRSPEED CALIBRATION

ALTERNATE STATIC SOURCE
l.l
NORMAL STATIC SOURCE
HEATER/VENTS AND WINDOWS CLOSED
FLAPS UP

NORMAL KIAS 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 't20 130 140

I

rlr
ALTERNATE KIAS 39 51 61 71 82 91 101 1't 1 121 131 141
ri rLAPS loo

40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 NORMAL KIAS 40 50 60 70 80 85

il
49 55 62 70 80 89 99 108 118 128 138 ALTERNATE K,IAS 4,o5161718185
lr
FLAPS 4OO

40 50 60 70 80 NORMAL KIAS 405060708085

19 55 62 71 80
85
85
ALTERNATE KIAS 38 50 60 70 79 83
HEATER,/VENTS OPEN AND WINDOWS CLOSED
FLAPS UP
40 50 60 70 80 85
40 50 60 70 80 90 100 't'to 120 130 140
47 54 62 71 81 86
NORMAL KIAS
ALTERNATE KIAS 36 48 59 70 80 89 99 108 118 128 139
FLAPS IOO
Figure 5-1. Airspeed Calibration (Sheet 1 of 2)
NORMAL KIAS 40 50 60 70 80 85
ALTERNATE KIAS 38 49 59 69 79 84
FLAPS 4OO

NORMAL KIAS 40 50 60 70 80 85
ALTERNATE KIAS 34 47 57 67 77 81

WNDOWS OPEN
FLAPS UP

NORMAL KIAS 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 f40

ALTERNATE KIAS 26 43 57 70 82 93 103 113 123 133 143
FLAPS lOO

NORMAL KIAS 4,o5060708085

ALTERNATE KIAS 25 43 57 69 80 85
rLAPS 4oo

NORMAL KIAS 405060708085

ALTERNAE KIAS 25 41 54 67 78 84

Figure 5-1. Airspeed Calibration (Shoet 2 ot Z)

t'l
SECTION 5 CESSNA
PERFORMANCE MODEL 172N CESSNA SECTION
MODEL 172N PEN,FOR,MANCE

TEM PERATU RE CONVERSION CHART

STALL SPEEDS
120

CONDITIONS:
Power Off

NOTES:
1. Maximum altitude loss during a stall recovery may be as much as 180 feet.
2. KIAS values are approximate.

MOST REARWARD CENTER OF GRAVITY

ANGLE OF BANK
F
U
rz WEIGHT FLAP
6o 30() 450 600
U LBS DE F LECTION
,
KIAS KCAS KIAS KCAS KIAS KCAS KIAS KCAS
+o
a UP 42 50 45 54 50 59 59 71
U
U
(E
(, 2300 1oo 38 47 40 51 45 56 54 66
u
o20
400 36 44 38 47 43 52 51 62

MOST FORWARD CENTER OF GRAVITY

ANGLE OF BANK
WEIGHT F LAP
6o 300 450 600
LBS DEF LECTION

KIAS KCAS KIAS KCAS KIAS KCAS KIAS KCAS

UP 47 53 51 57 56 63 66 75

44 47 62 1a
2300 100 51 55 52 61
DEGHEES - CELSIUS
4oo 41 41 44 5f 4g 56 58 66

Figure 5-2. Temperature Conversion Chart

Figure 5-3. Stall Speods

6. t0
 'l
T
SECTION 5 CESSNA CESSNA SECTION 5
PERFORMANCE MODEL 172N MODEL 172N PERFORMANCE

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SECTION 5 CESSNA CESSNA
PERFORMANCE MODEL 172N MODEL 172N ,r*"B'""*H?,t;

RATE OF CLIMB TIME, FUEL, AND DISTANCE TO CLIMB

MAXIMUM MAXIMUM RATE OF CLIMB

CONDITIONS:
Flaps Up
CONDITIONS:
Full Throttle
Flaps Up
Full Throttle Standard Temperature

NOTE: NOTES:
Mixture leaned above 3000 feet for maximum RPM. 1. Add 1.1 gallons of fuel for engne start, taxi and takeoff allowance.
2, Mixture leaned above 3000 feet for maximum RPM.
3, lncrease time, fuel and distance by 10% for each 10oC above standard temperature.
4. Dstances shown are based on zero wind'

FROM SEA LEVEL

PR ESSU R E CLIMB RATE OF
WEIGHT TEMP
ALTITUDE og SPEED CLIMB
LBS TIME FUEL USED DISTANCE
FT KIAS FPM
NM
MIN GALLONS

WEIGHT
PR ESS CLIMB RAE OF CLIMB - FPM
73 770 o o.o o
ALT SPEE D 2300 S.L. 15
LBS
FT KIAS -200c 00c 200c 4ooc
1 000 13 73 725 1 0.3 2
2300 S. L. 73 875 815 755 695
2000 705 650 590 2000 11 72 675 3 o.6 3
72 765
4000 71 655 600 545 485
6000 70 545 495 440 385 3000 I 72 630 4 0.9 5
8000 69 440 390 335 ,?:
10,ooo 68 335 285 230 4000 7 71 580 6 1.2 B

12.OOO 67 230 180

5000 5 7'l 535 8 1.6 10

Figure 5-5. Rate of Climb 6000 3 70 485 10 1.9 12

7000 1 69 440 12 2.3 15

8000 -1 69 390 15 2.7 19

9000 -3 68 345 17 3.2 22

10,ooo -5 68 295 21 3.7 27

1 1,OOO -7 67 250 24 4.2 32

12,OOO -9 67 200 29 4.9 3B

Figure 5-6. Time, Fuel, and Distance to Climb

5-lF
t1.14
SECTION 5 CESSNA SEOTION !
PERFORMANCE MODEL 172N PER,FORMANOE

CRUISE PERFORMANGE RANGE PROFILE

45 MINUTES RESERVE
CONDITIONS: 40 GALLONS USABLE FUEL
2300 Pounds
Recommended Lean Mxture CONDITIONS:
23OO Pounds
Recommended Lean Mixture for Cruise
2OOC BELOW STANDARD ABOVE
2OOC Standard Temperature
STANDARD TEMP TEMPERATURE STANDARD TEMP Zero Wind
PRESSURE
RPM
ALTITUDE % % NOTES:
FT KTAS GPH KTAS GPH KTAS GPH
BHP BHP BHP 1. This chart allows for the fuel used for engine start, tax, takeoff and climb, and the
2000 2500 75 116 8.4 71 115 7.9 dstance during climb as shown in figure 5-6.
2400 72 111 8.O 67 111 7.5 63 1ro 7.1 2. Reserve fuel is based on 45 minutes at 45% BHP and is 4.1 gallons.
2300 64 106 7.1 60 105 6.7 56 105 6.3
2200 56 101 6.3 53 100 6.1 50 99 5.8
2100 5p 95 5.8 47 94 5.6 45 93 5.4

4000 2550 75 118 8.4 71 118 7.9

2500 76 116 8.5 71 115 8.O 67 115 7.5
2400 68 111 7.6 64 110 7.1 60 109 6.7
2300 60 105 6.8 57 105 6.4 54 't04 6.1
2200 54 100 6.1 51 99 5.9 48 98 5.7 12,OOO
-118 KTASr 109 96 KTAS
2100 48 94 5.6 46 93 5.5 44 92 5.3
III L((,, KTAS
tt
tlttt
6000 2600 75 120 8.4 71 't20 7.9
2500 72 116 8.1 67 115 7.6 64 114 7.1
2400 64 110 7.2 60 109 6.8 57 109 6.4
2300 57 105 6.5 54 104 6.2 52 103 5.9
2200 51 99 5.9 49 98 5.7 47 97 5.5
2100 46 93 5.5 44 92 5.4 42 91 5.2 8000
F I
122J 115_-f :106 KTA{
8000 2650 75 122 8.4 71 122 7.9
uJ
rJ KTAS. KTAS- tl ll
2600 76 120 8.6 71 120 8.0 67 119 7.5 u- tll ttt
I
2500 68 115 7.7 64 't14 7.2 60 113 6.8 lJ 6000
240A 61 110 6.9 58 109 6.5 55 108 6.2 o
2300 55 104 6.2 52 103 6.0 50 "t02 5.8 l
F
2200 49 98 5.7 47 97 5.5 45 96 5.4
E
ttttr
L"118 I 11 I l 03 KTAS-
2650 122 7.5 \92 KTASI
10.ooo
2600
2500
76
72
65
122
120
1't4
8.5
8.1
7.3
71
68
61
119
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67
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2400 58 109 6.5 55 108 6.2 52 107 6.0 -f-o --ffo -c
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2300 52 103 6.0 50 102 5.8 48 101 5.6 2000u8 ---J- O- -H1 _$
2200 47 97 5.6 45 96 5.4 44 95 5.3
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2400 56 108 6.3 53 107 6.0 51 106 5.8 500 550 600 650
2300 50 102 5.8 48 101 5.6 46 100 5.5 RANGE - NAUTICAL MI LES
2200 46 96 5.5 44 95 5.4 43 94 5.3

Figure 5-7. Cruise Performance Figure 5-8. Range Profile (Sheet 1 of 2)

6-17
 \
CESSNA SECTION 5
SECTION 5 CESSNA MODEL 172N PERFORMANCE
PERFORMANCE MODEL 172N

RANGE PROFILE
45 MINUTES RESERVE
50 GALLONS USABLE FUEL
CONDITIONS:
CONDITIONS: 2300 Pounds
23OO Pounds ii Recommended Lean Mixture for Cruise
Recommended Lean Mixture for Cruise ,i Standard Temperature
Standard Temperature ,,1

Zero Wind NOTES:

1. Ths chart allows for the fuel used for engne start,
NOTES: time during clmb as shown in figure 5-6.
l.- ins chart allows for the f uel used for engne start, tax, takeoff and climb, and the 2. Reserve fuel is based on 45 minutes al 45% BHP an{ is 4.1 gallons.
distance during climb as shown'in figure 5-6.
2. Reserve fuel is based on 45 minutes at 45% BHP and is 4.1 gallons'

12,OOO

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2000

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650 700 750
ENDURANCE - HOURS
RANGE - NAUTICAL MILES

Figure 5-9. Endurance Profile (Sheet 1 of 2)

Figure 5-8. Il,ange Profile (Sheet 2 of.Z)
SECTION 5 CESSN CESSNA SECTION 6
PERFORMANCE MODEL MODEL 172N PERFON,MANCE

ENDURANCE PROFLE e
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CONDITIONS: G
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Standard Temperature
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Figure 5-9. Endurance Profile (Sheet 2 of.2) 8s & 9.n i =

5-2Ll(5-ZZ blank)