Week 10

1.0 Area Calculation

1. Select shapefile Open Attribute Table Table Options Add Field
Name: (the unit you want to know, eg. Hectares/square kilometers;
Type: float/doubles;
Precision:17;
Scale:5
OK
(fairly large number for precision/space as we are calculating a large area)
(Make sure selection is clear)
2. RC hectares column Calculate Geometry
Property: Area;
Coordinate system: leave it as the same the layer interested;
Units: depending the units interested, eg. hectares
OK
3. RC hectares column Statistics Sum = total area
(other info provided in statistics: Count, Minimum, Maximum, Mean, Standard Deviation)

2.0 Buffer
1. Geoprocessing/ (ArcToolbox Proximity) Buffer
Input feature: interested feature, eg. roads;
Output feature class: same folder;
Linear unit: distance around input feature eg. 300 meters;
Dissolve type: depends on the case where generally choose ALL
OK

3.0 Clone frame

1. LC RC on Layer Copy Edit Paste
2. Rename the Data frame eg. original, clones, etc.
3. RC data frame Properties Fixed Scales (depends on question)
4. Layout view Isolate/ organize them

4.0 Erase
1. ArcToolBox Overlay Erase (comp labs, below: doing it manually if missing erase tool)
2. Shapefile (Lakes) Open Attribute Table Add a field
Name: To_erase;
type: Short integer
RC on To_erase column Field Calculater 1 OK
(Erase the shapefile out of the buffer)
3. Arctoolbox Spatial Analyst Overlay Union down arrow Select Shapefile(lakes)
& Shapefile(Lake_buff) Name: Toeraselakes1
4. RC shapefile (Toeraselakes1) Select by Attributes toerase = 0 Apply
(we want the 0 to remain as we want those areas away from the lake)
5. RC shapefile (Toeraselakes1) Data Export Data Save file at same folder,
Name: Outside_lake_buffer Remove shapefile (Toeraselakes1)
 6. Comp LAB METHOD: ArcToolBox Analysis Tool Overlay Erase
Input Feature : buffer shapefile;
Erase Feature: Normal Shape File
OK

5.0 Multipart
1. ArcToolBox Data Management Tools Features Multipart to Singlepart Select
shapefile Output name(dfoiasdf) OK
(If you open the attribute table and it only show 1 data for many polygons, to explode the
attribute table: use multipart to singlepart)

6.0 Union
1. ArctoolBox Analysis Tools Overlay Union Down arrow Shapefile
(roadbuffer_300m) & Shapefile (Outside_ lake_buffer) Name:Union_lake_road
2. RC Shapefile (Union_lake_road) Open attribute table Select by Attributes
insd_buff=1 AND insd_rbuf=1 Apply
(Only 3 row in attribute table when there should be more, the file has compressed the
data, use multipart to extract)
3. RC Shapefile (Union_lake_road) Data Export Data Name: Acceptable_Areas OK
(save in the same folder)

7.0 Variable with Buffer

(Eg. Big lakes with big buffer, Medium lakes with medium buffer and Small lakes with small buffer)

1. RC Shapefile (Lakes) Open Attribute Table Add Field

Name: Buff_dist;
type: Long Integer
OK
2. Select by Attribute Size_CLS = 1 Apply RC buff_dist column Field Calculator
50 (Distance for the small buffer around the small lakes) Size_Cls=2
(This example: establish buffer distance by size class)
3. Size_Cls=2 RC buff_dist column Field Calculator 150
(Distance for the medium buffer around the medium lakes)
4. Size_Cls=2 RC buff_dist column Field Calculator 500
(Distance for the large buffer around the large lakes) Clear Selection
5. Geoprocessing Buffer
Input features: Lakes;
Output feature class: lake_buff;
Distance: Field: buff_dist;
Dissolve type: ALL
OK
6. Adjust the shape file order by moving the shapefile upwards so that it is display above the
shapefile below it.
7. To remove the lakes from buffer: use Erase
8.0 Random Trend

1. ArcToolBox Data Management Tools Feature Class Create Random Points

Output location: L12(same folder);
Output Point Feature class: ran1000;
Constraining Extent: Same as layer chirdem (active layer);
Number of Points: long: 1000;
Minimum Allow distance: depends on question eg. linear: 80m
OK
(number of points are 80m wide 90m, make sure not within that distance, dont want
same samples in the same cell)

2. ArcToolbox Spatial Analyst Tools Extraction Extract Value to Points

Input point features: ran1000;
input raster: chirdem;
Output point features: extractran1000
OK

3. RC Extract_ran10001 Open attribute table Raster value column the value associates
with each of the points, the value where that point occurs.

4. ArcToolBox Spatial Analyst Tools Interpolation Trend

Input point features: Extract_ran10001;
Z value field: RASTERVALU;
Polynomial order: 3;
type of regression: LINEAR;
Output point feature: Trend_Extrac1
OK

5. ArcToolbox Spatial Analyst Tools Surface Analysis Contour

Input surface: Trend_Extrac1;
Output features: trendcont
OK
(Calculate the contours)
9.0 Systematic Sample

(Create a set of sampling points and use those to sample data, in this case use to demonstrate
interpolation)

1. ArcToolBox Data Management Tools Feature Class Create Fishnet

Output Feature Class: Fishnet200.shp;
Template Extent: Same as layer chirdem;
Cell Size Width: 830 (precalculated);
Cell Size Height: 830;
Number of Rows: 29 [(ymax ymin)/cell size width];
Number of columns: 34 [(xmax xmin)/cell size height];
OK untick then remove shapefile (fishnet1000) (Lines)

2. ArcToolbox Spatial Analyst Tools Extraction Extract Values to Points

Input point feature: Fishnet1000_label;
Input raster: Chirdem;
Output point features: Extract_fishnet1.shp
OK
Remove fishnet1000 Untick chirdem
(Because in Extract_fishnet1 attribute table, it has no data, by extraction, a new column
with RASTERVALU loaded there)

3. ArcToolBox Spatial Analyst Tools Interpolation IDW (inverse distance weighted)

Input point Features: Extract_fishnet1;
Z value field: RASTERVALU;
Output raster: Idw_sysP2_12;
Search radius: variable;
Number of points: 12;
OK
Untick Extract_fishnet1

4. ArcToolbox Spatial Analyst Tools Surface Analysis Contour default

(I have sample from the dataset using a systematic grid and then assign it to that
systematic grid using that extract from point. Then I use that set of points to estimate
surface using IDW then I done the contour on the surface to have an idea on what the
surface looks like)
10.0 Strat Spline

(Stratify random sampling: Apply spline interpolation, sometimes you want to sample the higher
frequency in different portion in map, in this case, if I want to estimate elevation, I might go out
and collect my field sample more frequent where elevation changes more and less frequent where
elevation changes less)

1. ArcToolBox Spatial Analyst Surface Analysis Slope

Input surface: Chirdem;
Output measurement: Degree;
Output raster: slope
OK

2. Spatial Analyst Reclassify Input raster: slope Classify

Method: Natural Breaks (Jenks);
Classes: 3 (steep, immediate, flat);
Break values: 1.5% (flat), 18% (immediate), 71.828% (steep, highest value)
OK Output raster: Name: reclass (Make sure same folder) OK Recolour reclass
(Convert that to classes so I can have polygons for the area that is the steepest, immediate
and flattest then assign the area based on polygon)

3. ArcToolBox Spatial Analyst Tools Generalization Majority Filter

Input raster: reclass;
Number of neighbours: 8 (above, below, side and corners);
Replacement threshold: Majority
OK Recolour polygon
(REPEAT this step several times to get large enough polygons (about 5 times))
(Smoothing to get rid of speckle (small polygons))

4. ArcToolBox Spatial Analyst Tools Neighbourhood

Focal statistic (calculate the focal and local mean)
Input raster: Ma5 (last MF);
Output Raster: focmean;
Neighborhood: rectangle;
Neighbourhood settings: height: 9, Width: 9;
Statistic type: Median
(want to keep the value intact, dont want to get a value like 2.7 or 2.3
but rather want my category, my class)
OK
(If the majority filter doesnt work through generalization (still have presence of small
speckles), use spatial analyst neighbourhood tools to have a more generalize set)
5. ArcToolBox Spatial Analyst Convert Raster to Features
Input raster: focmean;
Field: VALUE;
Output Geometry type: Polygon;
Output Features: Stratpoly;
generalize line: Untick (does too much funky smoothing)
OK
(Convert these areas to polygon)

6. RC stratpoly properties Symbology Category Unique values

Value Field: GRIDCODE Add All Values use the same colour scheme
OK (Recolour stratpoly)

7. RC stratpoly Open Attribute Table Add Field

Name: area;
Type: Float (want whole area);
Precision: 18 (have pretty big numbers for areas);
Scale:6 (have pretty small numbers for areas)
OK
(At attribute table, only have gridcode (the value indicates the steepness), therefore
requires a new column for area)
(Our stratification scheme is based on steepness and area, Need more sample points and
larger polygons and more sample points at the steeper polygon)

8. RC area column Calculate geometry Units: Square Kilometers (depends on question)

OK

9. Options Add a field

Name: samp_num;
Type: Long Integer;
Precision: 8
OK
(want 1000 points and want 10 times as many points in the steep area as in the flat area
and 3 times as many points in the immediate area, i.e. (P,3p,10p) = (72,214,714) )
(Weighted set: add a field here: store the number of points I want in the polygon, the
number of points is going to be the function above the area and the grid code)

10. RC samp_num column Field Calculator Int(number of points*[area]/total area)

(Int = integer, ignore this step)
(distribute the number of points over the individual polygon over the total area for that
class, therefore need sum to find the total area for that class, shown in step 12-14)
11. RC GRIDCODE column Summarize
Select a field to summarize: GRIDCODE;
2. Area: sum: tick;
Specify Output Table: Sum_Output.dbf
OK
scroll down, RC Sum_ Output.dbf Open attribute table
Note down the sum of areas for each Gridcode

12. Options Select by Attributes GRIDCODE =3 Apply RC samp_num column

Field Calculator Int(711*[area]/211.4) OK

13. Options Select by Attributes GRIDCODE =2 Apply RC samp_num column

Field Calculator Int(214*[area]/192.5) OK

14. Options Select by Attributes GRIDCODE =1 Apply RC samp_num column

Field Calculator Int(72*[area]/268.4916) OK
Selection Clear Selected feature

15. ArcToolBox Data Management Tools Feature Class Create Random Points
Output Location: Same Folder;
Output Point Feature Class:stratran;
Constraining Feature Class: stratpoly;
Number of Points: Field: samp_num
OK

16. ArcToolBox Spatial Analyst Tools Extraction Extract Values to Points

Input point feature: Stratran;
Input raster: Chirdem;
Output point features: Extract_strata1.shp
OK

17. ArcToolBox Spatial Analyst Tools Interpolation Spline

Input point features: Extract_strata1;
Z value field: RASTERVALU;
Output raster: Spline_Extra1;
Spline type: TENSION;
Weight: 0.1;
Number of Points: 20
OK