CC DNG CU B NG C BIT

nh c cc dng cu b ng ny chng ta hy nm chc cc loi ng t to

infinitive, bare infinitive, gerund...

1. Chuyn cu ch ng c s dng to-V thnh b ng:

ACTIVE: S + V + Sb + to-V + O

Mu A: S + V + to be + PP.2 + (by Sb)

Mu B: S + V + O + to be + PP.2 + (by Sb)

Mu C: Sb + be + PP.2 + to-V + O

* Cch 1: Nu tn ng sau to-V trong cu ch ng cng chnh l ch ng trong cu b

ng ta dng mu A

Ex: I want you to teach me

> I want to be taught by you.

* Cch 2: Nu tn ng sau to-V trong cu ch ng khc vi ch ng trong cu b ng

ta dng mu B

Ex: I want him to repair my car

> I want my car to be repaired by him

* Cch 3: C th dng Sb trong cu ch ng lm Ch ng ca cu b ng ta dng mu

c

Ex: People dont expect the police to find out the stolen car.

> The police arent expected to find out the stolen car.

2. THNH LP CU B NG VI V + TO V

- S + (V) + to V + O (ch ng)

= S + V + to be + PP (b ng)

EX : They started to respect John = John started to be respected

=> Nhng ng t p dng trong trng hp ny: appear, seem, start, begin, come,
continue, tend

- S + (V) + O + to V (ch ng)

= S + (be) + pp + to V (b ng).
 => Nhng ng t dng trong trng hp ny: advise, invite, ask, beg, order, persuade,
remind, tell, warn

EX : The doctor advised him to eat more = He was advised to eat more. (BY THE
DOCTOR

S + V + V-ing + O +
> S + V + (that) + O + should be + P.P2 +

Ex: She suggests drinking beer at the party.

> She suggests that beer should be drunk at the party.

S + V + Sb + V-ing + O
> S + V + being + P.P2 +

Ex: She remembers people taking her to the zoo=> She remembers being taken to the
zoo.

* Trong mu cu 2 v 3, V1 l nhng V i hi c theo sau bi V-ing

4. Chuyn cu ch ng dng Bare-Infinitive (ng t nguyn th khng cTo)

sau cc V ch gic quan thnh cu b ng :

S + see / hear / watch / look /catch + Sb + V + O .

Sb + be + seen / heard / watched / looked / caught + to-V + O .

*Cch chuyn: i V thnh to-V khi chuyn sang b ng

Ex: I sometimes see him go out. => He is sometimes seen to go out.

5. Chuyn cu ch ng c V-ing sau cc V ch gic quan sang b ng:

S + see / hear / watch / look / catch + Sb + V-ing + O .

=> Sb + be + seen / heard / watched / looked / caught/ + V-ing + O .

* Cch chuyn: Khi chuyn sang b ng, V-ing vn gi nguyn l V-ing

Ex: I see him bathing his dog now. => He is seen bathing his dog now.

We heard her singing loudly .=> She was heard singing loudly.

6. Chuyn cu mnh lnh ch ng => b ng: Dng LET

Khng nh: V + O -> Let + O + be + P.P2

Ph nh: Dont + V + O -> Dont let + O + be + P.P2

Ex: Do the exercise! > Let the exercise be done!

Dont leave him alone! >Dont let him be left alone!

* Cu mnh lnh ch ng cng c th chuyn thnh b ng vi SHOULD trong

mt s tnh hung:

Ex: Dont use the car in case it breaks down.

> The car shouldnt be used in case it breaks down.

Dont let + Sb + V + you

> Dont let + yourself + be + P.P2

Ex: Dont let the others see you -> Dont let yourself be seen.

It + be + adj + to-V + O ..
> It + be + adj + for O + to be + P.P2 .

Ex: Its very difficult to study English. -> Its very difficult for English to be studied.

It + be + my/your/her/his/our/their + duty + to-V + (O)

> I/You/She/He/We/They + be + supposed + to-V + (O)

Ex: Its their duty to do this job. > They are supposed to do this job.

10. Mu cu vi have/get:

S + have + Sb + V0 + O
> S + have + O + PP.2 + (by+ Sb)

Ex: I had him repair my bike. > I had my bike repaired by him.

S + get + Sb + to-V + O
> S + get + sth + PP.2 (by + Sb)

Ex: We get him to look after our house when we are on business.

> We get our house looked after (by him) when we are on business.
 S + make / let / help + Sb + V0 + O
>Sb + be + made / helped + to-V + O

Ex:She made me work harder > I was made to work harder

* Ch :

Mu cu ch ng vi to let khi chuyn sang b ng nn c thay th bng dng b

ng ca ALLOW + to-V:

S + let + sb + V + (O) > Sb + be + allowed + to V + O.

Ex: She let him enter the room. > He was allowed to enter the room.

Sb + need / deserve + to-V + Sth +

> Sth + need / deserve + V-ing +

Ex: We need to water the plants everyday.

> The plants need watering everyday.

13. Cu b ng c ng t tng thut

- Ch ng: S1 + V1 + that + S2 + V2 + O + ..

* Nhng ng t tng thut (Reporting Verbs = V1) thng gp:

think consider know believe say

suppose suspect rumour declare

*i vi loi cu ny, S thng l People/They v thng c dch l Ngi ta ...

C th bin i cu ch ng ny theo cc trng hp sau:

a. V1 Hin Ti n V2 sau That cng Hin Ti n

Active: S1 + V1-s/es + that + S2 + V-s/es + O + .

Passive: It is + PP2 ca V1 + that + S2 + V-s/es + O + .

S2 + am/is/are + PP2 ca V1 + to + V + ..

Ex: People say that he always drink a lot of wine.

> It is said that he always drink a lot of wine.

Or: He is said to always drink a lot of wine.

b. V1 Hin Ti n V2 sau That Qu Kh n

Active: S1 + V1-s/es + that + S2 + Vp1 + O + .

Passive: It is + PP.2 ca V1 + that + S2 + Vp1 + O + ..

S2 + am/is/are + PP.2 ca V1 + to + have + PP.2 ca Vp1 + O + .

Ex: Villagers think that he broke into her house.

> It is thought that he broke into her house.

Or: He is thought to have broken into her house.

c. V1 Qu Kh n V2 sau That cng Qu Kh n

Active S1 + V1-ed + that + S2 + V-ed + O + .

Passive : It was + PP.2 ca V1 + that + S2 + V-ed + O + ..

S2 + was/were + PP.2 ca V1 + to + V + O + .

Ex: The police believed that the murderer died.

> It was believed that the murderer died.

Or: The murderer was believed to die.

* Ngoi ra, cn c th gp mt s trng hp khc ca mu cu ny:

d. V1 Hin Ti n V2 sau That Hin Ti Tip Din

Active: S1 + V1-s/es + that + S2 + am/is/are + V-ing + O + .

Passive: It is + PP.2 ca V1+ that + S2 + am/is/are + V-ing + O + ..

S2 + am/is/are + PP2 ca V1 + to + be + V-ing + O + .

Ex: They think that she is living in London

> It is thought that she is living in Lodon.

Or: She is thought to be living in London.

e. V1 Hin Ti n V2 sau That Qu Kh Tip Din

Active:S1 + V1-s/es + that + S2 + was/were + V-ing + O + .

Passive: It is + PP2 ca Reporting Verb + that + S2 + was/were + V-ing + O + .

S2 + am/is/are + PP2 of Reporting Verb + to + have + been + V-ing + O +

Ex: We think that they were doing homework.

> It is thought that they were doing homework.

> They are thought to have been doing homework.

* Ch :

- Nu V mnh trc v sau THAT trong cu ch ng c chia cng thi th

khi chuyn sang b ng ta dng to-V

Ex: They rumored that the man killed his wife. > The man is rumored to kill his wife.

- Nu V mnh trc v sau THAT trong cu ch ng c chia 2 thi khc

nhau, khi chuyn thnh b ng, ta dung to + have + PP.2

Ex: They rumor that the man killed his wife. > The man is rumored to have killed his
wife.