TM- 4143 METODA ENHANCED OIL RECOVERY (EOR)

(Week-IV)

Prepared by:

David Maurich, MT
 CHAPTER IV:
MACROSCOPIC DISPLACEMENT OF FLUIDS IN A
RESERVOIR
Basic Concepts of Enhanced Oil Recovery

Overall Displacement Efficiency (Er) or RF:

Er = Ed x Ea x Ey = Ed x Ev

Higher Er values are obtained by increasing:

-- Microscopic Displacement Efficiency (Ed).

-- Macroscopic Volumetric Sweep Efficiency (Ev).
Viscous Fingering Terjadi Pada Saat Mobility
Ratio (M) > 1.0 (Green Dkk., 1998)

M = mobility ratio
o = viskositas minyak (fasa yang didesak)
D = viskositas air (fasa pendesak)
The Effect of Gravity on Displacement Efficiency
FLOW REGIMES IN MISCIBLE DISPLACEMENT OF
UNFAVORABLE MOBILITY RATIOS
Example
Consider the displacement of an oil by CO2 in
a linear system. The effective length of the
horizontal reservoir is 500 ft & thickness is
40 ft. The other properties & conditions are
listed below:
Solution
VOLUMETRIC (VERTICAL) SWEEP EFFICIENCY AT BREAKTHROUGH AS
A FUNCTION OF THE RATIOS OF VISCOUS/GRAVITY FORCES, LINEAR
SYSTEM (FROM CRAIG et.al.)
Volumetric Sweep Efficiency (Ev)

Where;

=

 Oil Recovery Factor
General Definition

Er = Np / N

Example: During primary 97 MMSTB

7000 acre hnet =84 ft

= 24% Soi =71%
Boi =1.36 RB/STB

OOIP N = (7758x7000x84x0.24x0.71) / 1.36 = 572 MMSTB

Hence; Er = 97 / 572 = 17%
 Ultimate Oil Recovery Factor
Represents total fraction of OOIP that can be recovered prior
to field abandonment

If three oil recovery processes recovered Np1, Np2 and Np3:

hence; Erult = (Np1 + Np2 + Np3) / N

Example: N = 165 MMSTB

During primary 13 MMSTB
Water injection 25 MMSTB
CO2 flooding 48 MMSTB
After CO2 flooding 6 MMSTB

Total Np = 13+25+48+6 = 92 MMSTB

Hence; Erult =92 / 165 = 56%
Recovery Factor in Oil Displacement
Atotal

Atotal Aswept
Aswept

Areal sweep efficiency Ea Vertical sweep efficiency Ey

= Aswept/Atotal = Aswept/Atotal

Volumetric sweep efficiency Ev = Ea Ey

Unit pore volume Soi , Boi So , Bo

Soi/Boi STB So/Bo STB

Before displacement After displacement

Displacement efficiency Ed = 1 (SoBoi/SoiBo)

Recovery factor Er = Ed Ev = Ed Ea Ey
 Ultimate Recovery Factor
in Oil Displacement Processes
Represents total fraction of OOIP that can be recovered prior to
field abandonment

Primary OOIPsec N Secondary OOIPEOR N- EOR

OOIP = N - Np1 Np1 - Np2

For secondary phase ErSec = EdSecEvSec

Np2 = ErSec (N - Np1)

For EOR phase

In secondary swept region: ErEOR1 = EdEOR1
Np3 = ErEOR1 [(N - Np1)EvSec - Np2)

In additional swept region: ErEOR2 = EdEOR2

Np4 = ErEOR2 (N - Np1)(EvEOR - EvSEC)

hence; Erult = (Np1 + Np2 + Np3 + Np4) / N

 Ultimate Recovery Factor
in Oil Displacement Processes
Example:
 Ultimate Recovery Factor
in Oil Displacement Processes
Example
Common Injection-Production Well Patterns

Injection Production Well Patterns

= injection well

= production well

Direct Line Drive

Common Injection-Production Well Patterns

Injection Production Well Patterns

= injection well

= production well

Staggered Line Drive

Common Injection-Production Well Patterns

Injection Production Well Patterns

= injection well

= production well

Four Spot
Common Injection-Production Well Patterns

Injection Production Well Patterns

= injection well

= production well

Five Spot
Common Injection-Production Well Patterns

= injection well

= production well
Common Injection-Production Well Patterns

Injection Production Well Patterns

= injection well

= production well

Nine Spot
Common Injection-Production Well Patterns

Injection Production Well Patterns

= injection well

= production well

Peripheral Flood
Common Injection-Production Well Patterns

Injection Production Well Patterns

= injection well

= production well

Peripheral & Cluster Flood

Irregular Five-Spot Development