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The cross section data collected from the site

During the period from 6th July to 10th August this year our thesis II team visited the Rasau river four
times to collected the data required in our research, we measured the cross section in eight locations
alongside the river and four of this cross section were in cascade river type.

Cascade river type include four cross sections the following:-

Cross section (2)

Date/Day: 6 JULY 2017 (Thursday)

Rivers Name: Rasau River

Time:11.30am

Total River width:10

Cross section number: CS2 ELEVATION: 43.887m

Bottom to water
Interval Auto level Reading Bottom to tape
surface
0 0.394 0.4 0
0.4 W.E 0.813 0.78 0
1 1.139 1.03 0.35
2 1.212 0.995 0.425
3 1.265 1 0.485
4 0.826 0.51 0.035
5 1.148 0.82 0.36
6 1.203 0.89 0.415
7 1.135 0.875 0.35
8 1.14 0.94 0.355
9 1.013 0.905 0.225
9.5 W.E 0.815 0.77 0
Cross section (4)

Date/Day: 13 JULY 2017 (Thursday)

Rivers Name: Rasau River

Time:12.30PM

Total River width:6m

Cross section number: CS4 ELEVATION: 45.152m

Interval Auto level Reading Bottom to tape Bottom to water


surface
0 0.29 0.19 -
1 1.065 0.887 -
2 1.075 0.810 -
3 W.E 1.327 1.042 0.102
4 1.502 1.187 0.266
5 1.498 1.163 0.255
6 1.374 1.044 0.110
7 1.479 1.159 0.175
8 1.420 0.980
9 W.E 1.326 1.121 -
10 0.677 0.658 -

Cross section (5)

Date/Day: 13 JULY 2017 (Thursday)

Rivers Name: Rasau River


Time: 1.00pm

Total River width:4m

Cross section number: CS5 ELEVATION: 45.589m

Interval Auto level Reading Bottom to tape Bottom to water


surface
0 0.570 0.359 -
1 0.928 0.712 -
2 W.E 1.125 1.012 0.067
3 1.133 0.872 -
4 1.139 1.266 0.157
5 1.165 1.394 0.224
6 1.245 1.273 -
7 1.134 0.9 -
8 W.E 0.840 1.099 -
9 0.39 1.071 -
10 0.705 1.054 -

Cross section (6)

Date/Day: 20 JULY 2017 (Thursday)

Rivers Name: Rasau River

Time: 2.50pm

Total River width: 5.85m

Cross section number: CS6 ELEVATION: 45.653m

Interval Auto level Reading Bottom to tape Bottom to water


surface
0 0.45
0.55 1.288
1 1.777
2 1.915
3 1.972
4 1.93
5 1.667
6 1.41
6.4 1.293
7 1.116
8 0.914
9 0.6
The total discharge is calculated be the method of mid-sections as follows:

=
=1

Where = discharge in the th segment


1
= (depth at the th segment) ( width to the left)
2

1
+ width to right) X (average velocity at the th vertical)
2
=
+1

+
2 2

For the first and last sections, the segments are taken to have triangular areas and area
calculated as

1 = 1 y1
2
1 + 2
Where 1
2
2 1
=

and = 1 1

+ 1 2
where 2
2
1=

to get 1 = 1 . 1 and 1 = 1 1

EXAMPLE 4.1 the data pertaining to a stream-gauging operation at a gauging site are given
below.

The rating equation of the current meter is = 0.51 + 0.03 /

Calculate the discharge in the stream.

Streamflow Measurement / 111

Distance from left water dege 0 1.0 3.0 5.0 7.0 9.0 11.0 12.0
(m)
Depth (m) 0 1.1 2.0 2.5 2.0 1.7 1.0 0
Revolutions of a current meter 0 39 58 112 90 45 30 0
kept at 0.6 depth
Duration of observation (s) 0 100 100 150 100 100 100 0

SOLUTION: The calculations are performed in a tabular form.

For the first and last sections,

2 2
Average width. 1+ 2
= = 2.0
21
2 2
For the rest of the segments, = + = 2.0
2 2

Since the velocity is measured at 0.6 depth, the measured velocity is the average velocity at that
vertical .

The calculation of discharge by the mid-section method is shown in tabular form below.

Distance from Average width Depth (m) Velocity (m/s) Segmental


left water edge (m) discharge
3
(m) (m /s)
0 0 0 - -
1 2.00 1.1 0.229 0.504
3 2.00 2.0 0.326 1.304
5 2.00 2.5 0.411 2.055
7 2.00 2.0 0.336 1.344
9 2.00 1.7 0.260 0.884
11 2.00 1.0 0.183 0.366
12 0 0 -
Qi = 6.457

3
Total discharge = 6.457m /s

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