Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Data
Unit weight of Backfilled material - 20 kNm-3
Internal angle of friction, 30
Allowable minimum bearing pressure of the soil as per 58.4 kNm-2
mackingtosh test
Coefficient of friction - 0.4
Unit weight of reinforced concrete 24 kNm-3
Surcharge load - Wsc 10 kNm-2
Minimum design dead load from CMU wall ( 125 pcf 2.68 - 2.87 kNm-2
unit )
Fcu 30 KNm-2
Fy 460 KNm-2
Neglect Coefficient of passive Soil Pressure, Kp
Page 1 of 11
1 sin
=
1 +
Ka = 0.33
SLIDING
Consider the forces acting on a 1 m length of wall. Horizontal force on wall due to backfill, FA, is
FA = 0.5(pa)h + psch
= 0.5x(16.67)x2.5 +3.33x2.5
= 29.17 KN
OVERTURNING
Taking moments about point A (see above), sum of overturning moments (Mover) is
Page 3 of 11
GROUND BEARING PRESSURE
Wt = 113.04 KN
0.0204 2.6
= = 0.0001805 < = = 0.433
Wt 113.04 6 6
Therefore, the maximum ground pressure occurs at the toe, Ptoe, which is given by
Ptoe, =
113.04
2.6
6.0204
+ 2.62 = 43.5 2 < (58.4 kNm-2 ) OK
Page 4 of 11
BENDING REINFORCEMENT
Wall Height of stem of wall, hs =2m. Horizontal force on stem due to backfill, Fs, is
Fs = 0.5kahs2
= 0.5 x 0.333 x 20 x 22
= 13.33 KNm-1
=
3
1.4 13.33 2
= 3
= 12.441 KNm
Effective depth
d = 500 cover /2
= 500-50-6
= 444 mm
Mu = 0.156fcubd2
= 0.156 x 30 x 103 x 4442 x 10-6
= 922.6 KNm
Steel area
=
2
12.441 106
= 30 103 4442
= 0.002103
z = d[0.5+ ( 0.25-K /0.9)]
= 444[ 0.5+( 0.25-.002103 /0.9)]
= 442.96 mm
As=
0.87
Page 5 of 11
As min = 0.13%bh
= 0.13% x103 x 400 =520 mm2/m
Hence T12 at 200 mm centers (As =560 mm2/m in near face (NF) of wall. Steel is also required in the front face (FF)
of wall in order to prevent excessive cracking. This is based on the minimum steel area too.
Base
Heel
A B C D
Toe Heel
P3 P2
P1
(67.2 x 1.2)/2 + (31.2 x 1.4 x 1.2)/(2.6x2) - (60.844x 1.22) /2 ((60.874-60.844) x1.22)/2x3 = 40.32+10.08-43.807-
.0072 KNm = 6.586KNm
d = 500 cover /2
= 500-50-6
= 444 mm
=
2
Page 6 of 11
6.586 106
= 30 103 4442
= 0.00111
z = d[0.5+ ( 0.25-K /0.9)]
= 444[ 0.5+( 0.25-.00111 /0.9)]
= 443.45 mm
As= 0.87
As min = 0.13%bh
= 0.13% x103 x 400 =520 mm2/m
Hence T12 at 200 mm centers (As =560 mm2/m) in top face (T) of base.
Toe
=
2
10.805 106
= 30 103 4442
= 0.00183
z = d[0.5+ ( 0.25-K /0.9)]
= 444[ 0.5+( 0.25-.00183 /0.9)]
= 443.1 mm
As=
0.87
As min = 0.13%bh
= 0.13% x103 x 400 =520 mm2/m
Hence T12 at 200 mm centers (As =560 mm2/m) n bottom face (B) of base and as distribution steel in base and stem
of wall.
Page 7 of 11
REINFORCEMENT DETAILS
The sketch below shows the main reinforcement requirements for the retaining wall. This only for the illustration
purposes. For reasons of buildability the actual reinforcement details may well be slightly different.
Page 8 of 11
CMU boundary Wall
Page 9 of 11
Page 10 of 11
Page 11 of 11