SEGUNDA PRCTICA DE ANLISIS MATEMTICO

I. Indicar el orden y grado de cada una de las siguientes ecuaciones diferenciales:

1. ()1/3 = [1 + ()2 ]5/2

.
1 5
()3 [1 + ()2 ]2 = 0
1 5
(()3 )3 ([1 + ()2 ]2 )3 = 0
15
3 [1 + ()2 ] 2 =
0 . . 2 2 .

2 2
2. {( )3/2 }
2 2
=0

.
2 3
4 (2)
=0
4 2
4
= 0 . . 4 1
4
2 /2 3
3.
0
= 2

.
.
()
(()) (())
() = (()) (())

()

2
Dnde: () = /2
() =
() = 0
2 2 (0) 3 2
/2 0 /2 =

2 /2 3
2 = 0 . . 1 1

2
2 ( 2 ) 2
2
4. 2 = 2

2 ( 2 ) 2
2 () 2
+ = 2
2 2
2 2
( )
2 + ( 1) = 0
2
4 1
II. Comprubese si la funcin dada es solucin de la ecuacin diferencial
correspondiente:

1) = +1 , = ()
Solucin:
+1 +1 1
= +1 = ( +1 )2
= +1
( +1 ) + = 1
1
( +1 + ) = 1 = +1 +
Reemplazando y e y en:

= () ++ = + .No es la solucin de la E.D.O
(( ))

2) = ; ( + ) =

Solucin

= ; ( + ) =
= + ()

()
= +

= +
= ( + 1)
1
=
( + 1)
Con = /
1
=
( + 1)

( + ) =

3) 2 + 2 = 2 ; ( )2 + 2 = + 1
Desarrollo:
2 2
+ 2 =
2
= 2 2 = 2 2 2
Reemplazando estos valores en la ecuacin diferencial:
( )2 + 2 1 = 0
2 2 2
2 2 [ ] + 2 [ ] 2 2 1 = 0
2 2 2 2 2 2
2 2 2 2
2 2 [ ]+ 1=0
2 2 2 2 2 2
2 2 2 2
+ 1=0
2 2 2 2 2 2
2 2 2 +2
1=0
2 2
1 = 0
4) = 1 + 1 =

= 1 + , , :
= (1 + ) , :

= , : = (1 + )1 ,
1 +
:
() = ( )

( ) + 1 = (1 + )1 ,
1 +
+ 1 + 1
= (1 + )1 = ,
1 + 1 +

.

5) = 0 ( 2 ) ; , = , + 2 ( 2 )
Despejando y

=
0 ( 2 )


0 ( 2 ) ( 2 )
= 2
[0 ( 2 ) ]

Reemplazando en la ecuacin:

0 ( 2 ) ( 2 ) 2 ( 2 )
= { 2 } + 2
0 ( 2 ) [0 ( 2 ) ] [0 ( 2 ) ]

0 ( 2 ) 2 ( 2 ) + 2 ( 2 )
2 =0
[0 ( 2 ) ] 0 ( 3 )

0 ( 2 )
2 =0
[0 ( 2 ) ] 0 ( 3 )

=0
0 ( 2 ) 0 ( 3 )
III. Hllese una ecuacin diferencial para cada una de las siguientes curvas en el
plano XY:

1) Circunferencia con radio fijo r y tangente al eje X

( + )2 + ( )2 = 2 1 (; )
Derivando implcitamente
2( + ) + 2( ) = 0
( + ) + = 0
Derivando implcitamente
1 0 + ()2 + = 0

( 1) + ()2 + 1
=

Remplazando en 1
2
( 1) + ()2 + 1
( + )2 + [ ] = 2

2
( 1) + ()2 + 1
( + )2 + [ ] = 2

2
()2 + 1
( + )2 + [ ] = 2

[()2 + 1]2
( + )2 + = 2
()2

2) Todas las circunferencias.

( )2 + ( )2 = 2 , despejando y
= 2 ( )2 +
1
1 ()
= 2 ( 2 ( )2 )2 [2( )]=
2 ()2
2

=
[ 2 ( )2 ] 2 ( )2
3 2 ( )
= 5
( 2 ( )2 )
Haciendo:
( )2
( )2 + 1 = +1
2 ( )2
2
( )2 + 1 =
2 ()2
.(1)
Tambin:
4
( )2 == 2
[ ()2 ]3
4 ()
( )2 ( ) == 7 (2)
[ 2 ()2 ]2
 Dividiendo (1)(2)
4 ( )
7
( )2 ( ) [ 2 ( )2 ]2
=
( )2 + 1 2
)2
2 (
2
( ) ( ) 2 ( )
= 5
( )2 + 1
( 2 ( )2 )
( )2 ( )
=
( )2 + 1 3
[( )2
+ 1] = 3( )2 ( )

3) las cnicas centrales con focales + = 1, con a y b fijos
+ +

Solucin:

Derivando la ecuacin:
2 2
2 + 2 = 0 2( 2 + ) + 2(2 + ) = 0
+ +
(22 +2 2 )
(2 + 2) = (2 2 + 22 ) = (2+2)

Reemplazando k en la ecuacin:

(2 + 2) (2 + 2)
+ =1
(2 + 2) (2 + 2 ) (2 + 2) (2 2 + 22 )
2 2

(2 + 2)( 2 + 2 ) = , entonces:

(2 + 2) ( 2 (2 (2 + 2) (2 2 + 22 )) + 2 (2 (2 + 2)
(2 2 + 22 ))) = ( 2 (2 + 2) (2 2 + 22 ))( (2 + 2) +
(2 2 + 22 ))

(2 + 2)((2 + 2)( + ) (2 + 2)(2 2 + 22 )(+ )) =

( 2 (2 + 2) (2 2 + 22 ))( (2 + 2) + (2 2 + 22 ))

( + )( + ) ( + )( + )( + )

( + )) ( + ) =

IV. Determinar para que valores de m, cada una de las siguientes ecuaciones
diferenciales tiene soluciones de la forma: =
 a). + 2 = 0
Desarrollo:
+ 2 = 0 (1)
= =
Reemplazando estos valores en la ec. (1)
+ 2 = 0
( + 2) = 0
= 0 ( + 2) = 0
= (0) =2
""

b) = 0
= , = , = 2 , reemplazando
2
=0
(2 1) = 0
= 0 (2 1) = 0
( 1)( + 1) = 0 = 1

d.- 3 + 2 = 0
Solucin:
Derivando:
= , = 2 , = 3
Reemplazando:
3 32 + 2 = 0
(3 32 + 2) = 0
()(2 3 + 2) = 0 ( = 0)( = 1 = 2)
= {, , }

(e) 2 + 5 + 2 = 0

Solucin

2 + 5 + 2 = 0
23 + 2 5 + 2 = 0
Factorizando
( + 2)(2 1)( 1) = 0

1 = 2
2 = 1/2
3 = 1
Remplazando

= 1 2 + 2 2 + 3

V. Determinar para que valores de m, cada una de las siguientes ecuaciones

diferenciales tiene soluciones de la forma: =
 a) 2 + 4 + 2 = 0 , > 0
Solucin

=
= 1
= 2 2

Remplazando en la ecuacin
2 (2 2 ) + 4( 1 ) + 2( ) = 0
2 + 4 + 2( ) = 0
(2 + 4 + 2) = 0

= 0 (2 + 4 + 2) = 0
( + 2)2 = 2
= 2 2

b) 2 4 + 4 = 0, > 0
: =
= 1 ; = ( 1) 2
:
2 (( 1) 2 ) 4( 1 ) + 4 = 0
( 1) 4 + 4 = 0 , > 0
:
[( 1) 4 + 4] = 0 , > 0
: = 0
=0 =0 =0 =0
> 0, > 0, :
[( 1) 4 + 4] = 0 , :
2 5 + 4 = 0, :
( 4)( 1) = 0
=4 =1

VI.

a) Demustrese que si = 1 () = 2 ()son dos soluciones diferentes de la

ecuacin
+ 3 4 = 0, entonces = 1 () + 2 () tambien es una solucin
siendo A y B constantes.
= 1 (), = 1 () = 1 () + 3 4 = 0
()
1 + 31 () 41 () = 0

= 2 (), = 2 () = 2 () + 3 4 = 0
2 () + 32 () 42 () = 0

= 1 () + 2 ()
= 1 () + 2 () = 1 () + 2 ()
1 () + 2 () + 3[1 () + 2 ()] 4[1 () + 2 ()] = 0
[ 1 () + 31 () 41 ()] + [2 () + 32 () 42 ()] = 0
1 () + 2 () = 0
 b) Verifique que = 4 e = son soluciones de la ecuacin diferencial de ()
y, por consiguiente, que = 4 + tambin es una solucin.
Desarrollo:
b.1) verificando con = 4
= 4 4
= 16 4
Verificando si es solucin de la ecuacin diferencial:
+ 3 4 = 0
16 4 + 3(4 4 ) 4( 4 ) = 0
0 = 0
b.2) verificando con =
=
=
Verificando si es solucin de la ecuacin diferencial:
+ 3 4 = 0
+ 3( ) 4( ) = 0
0 = 0
b.3) verificando con = 4 +
= 4 4 +
= 16 4 +
Verificando si es solucin de la ecuacin diferencial:
+ 3 4 = 0
16 4 + + 3(4 4 + ) 4( 4 + ) = 0
16 4 + 16 4 = 0
0 = 0

VII. Obtngase la ecuacin en derivadas parciales de primer orden qu tenga como

primitiva a:

a) = 2 + 2
Solucin
= 2 + 2

= 2 + 2

= ( 2 + 2 )
( 2 + 2 ) + = 0

d) = 2 ( + )
Desarrollo:

= +
(,)

= [ 2
+ 2(, )]
(,)

= [ 2 + 2 (, )]
(,) (,)
= [ 2 + 2(, )] + [ 2
+ 2 (, )]

VIII. Aplicando el mtodo de las isclinas, trazar las curvas integrales de las
ecuaciones diferenciales ordinarias siguientes:
 ) =
SOLUCIN:
1. = (, ) = =
=

2 . Determinando las isclinas particulares

=
= ; = +
= ; = +
= ; = +
= ; = +
= ; = +

3. Analizando los mximos y mnimos

= =
` < 0
` > 0

4. Analizando los puntos de inflexin y la concavidad

= (, ) =
= (, )
(, ) (, )
= + (, )

= + ( )
= ; =
=+ ,
> 0
= ; = +
= ; = +
= ; = +
> 0
< 0
= ; =
= ; =
= ; =
< 0
5. Analizando el teorema de existencia y unicidad
(, ) =
(, ) =
(, ) =

6. Graficando

) = +
SOLUCIN:
1. = (, ) = + =
= ( + )
= (, )

2 . determinando las isclinas particulares

+ = ; = ( + )
+ = ; = ( + )
+ = ; = ( + )
+ = ; = ( + )
+ = ; = ( + ) +
+ = ; = ( + ) +

3. Analizando los mximos y mnimos

= = ( + )
` < 0
` > 0
4. Analizando los puntos de inflexin y la concavidad
= (, ) = +
= (, ) = +
(, ) (, )
= + (, )

= + + ( + )()
= + ; =
= ,
> 0
+ = ; =
+ = ; =
+ = ; = +
> 0
< 0
+ = ; =
+ = ; =
+ = ; =
< 0
5. Analizando el teorema de existencia y unicidad
(, ) = +
(, ) =

(, ) = [; + >
Graficando
IX. Resulvase cada una de las ecuaciones:
a) (1 + ) = , (0) = 1
Solucin:

(1 + ) = (1 + ) = 0
2
1+ = 0 2 |1 + |=c
Reemplazando, tenemos:


()=C

b) ( 2 + ) + ( 2 ) = 0, = 1
Solucin:

( 2 + 1) + ( 2 1) = 0 , mediante variables separables:

2 + 2 = 0
1 +1
1 1
+ = 0 [ + ]=C ( + ) =
2 2 2 2
1
2
(()) = = 2
( )( + ) = Ecuacin general

(C) = (() ())

Solucin
= (() ())
= () ()
( () + 1) = ()
Integrando
()
=
( () + 1)
1 1 ()
=
(() + 1)

1
= () +

= ()
1 1
+ ()

Remplazando el valor de u
[ (() + 1)]
(d) () () + = 0
() () + = 0

() + =0
()
Integrando

() + =0
()

= () =
 1 2
= =
2
2 2
() + +
2 2 ()
2 2
() + +
2 4 ()

e). + + (3 + ) = 0
Desarrollo:
+ + (3 + ) = 0
+ + 3 + = 0
(1 + ) + (1 + 3) = 0
(1+3) (1+3)
+ =0

(1+3) (1+3)
+ = 0
() + 3 + () + =

( ) + 3 + =

3 2
f). + 2 = 0
Desarrollo:
3 2
+ 2 = 0
3 2
2 + = 0
3 2
2 + = 0
3
2
2 + = 0

3 2
2 + = 0
1 3 1 2
3
+ 2 =

g) = 10+ , (0) = 2
10+ = 0
10+ = 0
10 10 = 0

10 = 0
10

10 = 0
10
10 10 = 0
10 10
=
(10) (10)
(10 +10 )
(10)
= , (0) = 2
10 + 100
2
[ ]=
(10)
101
= [ ]
(10)
 +
i)
+ (2
)
= ( 2 )
+
+ ( ) ( )=0
2 2
+ +
2 + 2 2
+ 2 ( ) ( 2 )=0
2 2

+ 2 ( ) ( ) = 0
2 2

+ 2 ( ) ( ) = 0
2 2

+ 2 ( ) = 0
(2) 2

( ) + 2 ( ) = 0
2 2

2 ( ) + 4 ( ) = 0
2 2

2 (2) + 4 (2 ) = 0

| ( ) ( )| + 4 ( ) =
2 2 2

j.- + (3 3) + ( + ) = 0 ; :
( + ) + (3 3 + ) = 0,
( + 1) + ( + 3)( 1) = 0
1
: ; :
( + 1)( 1)
+3
+ = 0; :
( 1) +1
+3
+ = 0 ; :
( 1) ( + 1)
1 2
(1 + ) + (1 + ) =
( 1) ( + 1)
1 1
1 + (1) + 1 + (+1) = , integrando:
+ | 1| + + 2| + 1| =

k.- (1 + 2 )( 2 ) (1 + ) = 0, :
(1 + 2 ) 2 [(1 + ) + (1 + 2 ) ] = 0
[(1 + ) + (1 + 2 ) ]
2 = 0; :
(1 + 2 )
[(1 + ) + (1 + 2 ) ]
2 = 0
(1 + 2 )
1+
2 =
(1 + 2 )
1
2 =
(1 + 2 ) (1 + 2 )
1 1
2 () ( 2 + 1) =
2 2
 ). ( 2 2 + 1) + ( 2 2 + 2 + 2 2 + 2) = 0
Solucin
( 1)( 2 + 1) + ( 2 2 + 2)( + 1) = 0
(1) (+1)
2 2+2
+ (2 +1) = 0 Integrando
( 1) ( + 1)
+ 2 =
2
2 + 2 ( + 1)
1 1
( 2 2 + 2) + ( 2 + 1) + () =
2 2
1
). ( 2 + 2 ) + 2 = 0 , ( ) = 1
2
Solucin
2 + 2 + 2 = 0
3 1
3
+ 2 + 2 = = 2 ; = 1
(1/2)3 1
+ 12 + 2(1) =
3 2
11 3 11
= 24 ; 3
2
+ + 2 = 24

2 2
m) =
2 + 2
Solucin
( 2 2 ) ( 2 + 2 ) = 0
= ( 2 2)
; = ( 2 + 2 )
=
= +xdu

( 2 ()2 ) ( 2 + ()2 )( + ) = 0
2 (1 2 ) 3 3 = 0
3
= 0
3
1 2

+ 2 = 0 Integrando
+1
3
+ 2 =
+1
2 1
() + 2 + =
+1
2 + 1 2
() + 2 2 2 + =
+1 +1 2
1 5
1 + 2 4 2
() + (2 + 1) 2 + =
5 1 5 2
2 ( + +
4 2 4)

=

1 5
2 1 +2 4 2
() + (( ) + 1) 2 + 2 =
5 1 5 2

2 4 ( + 2 + 4)