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AO DE LA CONSOLIDACIN ECONMICA
Y SOCIAL DEL PER
TRABAJO:
ANLISIS MATEMTICO II
HUANCAVELICA PER
2010
Universidad Nacional de Huancavelica EAP Ingeniera Civil - Hvca
PRLOGO
Los alumnos
a) (, ) = + + =
3 2
= = ( + 2 2 + 2 2 ) = 2 2
3 2
= = ( + 2 2 + 2 2 ) = 23
2 2 2
= = =
23 3
b) (, ) = + + =
=
=
3
(2 2 + 2 2 + 2 2 ) = 2 2
EAP Ingeniera Civil - Hvca
2 3 2 2 2 2 2
22 2 2
22 + 3 2 2 3
= = ( + + )= 3 + =
3 3 3
3
2 2 6 2 4
= = =
22 + ( 2 2 )(3 3)3 3 22 + 3 2 2 3
c) (, ) = + + + / + + + =
= = (2 2 2 3 + 2 + 2 3 + 6 2 3/5 + 3 2 2 + 6 + 1)
3
= 2 2 + 6 2 + 12 3/5 + 6 2 + 6
= = (2 2 2 3 + 2 + 2 3 + 6 2 3/5 + 3 2 2 + 6 + 1)
18 2
2
= 4 6 + 2 + 2/5 + 6
5
2 2 3 + 6 2 + 12 3/5 + 6 2 + 6
= =
4 6 2 + 2 + 18 2 5 2/5 + 6
d) (, ) = / + =
3
= = ( 5 4 2 2/3 + 2 2 ) = 3 2 8 2/3
3 5 2 2/3 2 4
8 2
= = ( 4 + 2 ) = 4 1/3 + 4
3
3 2 8 2/3
= =
4 4 4 8 2 3 1/3
DIFERENCIALES
Sea f una funcin definida sobre un intervalo abierto que contiene a
( + ) ( ) + ( )
().DIFERENCIAL
a) (, ) = + + =
= +
2 4
= ( + 2 3 + 4 2 1) = (2 4 + 2 3 + 4 2 )
2 4
= ( + 2 3 + 4 2 1) = (4 2 3 + 6 2 + 8)
= + = (2 4 + 2 3 + 4 2 ) + (4 2 3 + 6 2 + 8)
b) (, ) = + + + =
= +
= ( 5 + 3 2 + 2 3 3 8 + 4)
3 2
= ( 5 + + 6 2 3 8)
2
=
( 5 + 3 2 + 2 3 3 8 + 4)
EAP Ingeniera Civil - Hvca
3
= ( 5 + 2 + 6 2 3 8)
2
3 3
= ( 5 + 2 + 6 2 3 8) + ( 5 + 2 + 6 2 3 8)
2 2
c) (, ) = + + =
3
= ( + 3 6 + 2) = (3 2 6)
3
= ( + 3 6 + 2) = (3 2 6)
= (3 2 6) + (3 2 6)
d) (, ) = () () + () () =
= (() () + 2 2 () 2 2 ())
() 3 ()
= () + 22 () +
2 2
2 ()() 5 ()()
+
= (() () + 2 2 () 2 2 ())
3 () () 3 ()()
= () +
2 2
2
2 ()()
EAP Ingeniera Civil - Hvca
2 () +
() 3 ()
= [() + 22 () +
2 2
2 ()() 5 ()()
+ ]
3 ()
+ [
2
() 3 ()()
() + 2 2 () +
2
2 ()()
]
() = ; 0 = 9
1 1 1
() = ; (0 ) = =
2 29 6
0 + = 9 + = 10 =1
(0 + ) (0 ) = (0 ).
1
10 9 = ( ) (1)
6
10 3.17
EAP Ingeniera Civil - Hvca
() = ; 0 = 9
1 1 1
() = ; (0 ) = =
2 29 6
0 + = 9+ =8 = 1
(0 + ) (0 ) = (0 ).
1
8 9 = ( ) (1)
6
8 2.83
() = ; 0 = 25
1 1 1
() = ; (0 ) = =
2 225 10
0 + = 25 + = 26 =1
(0 + ) (0 ) = (0 ).
1
26 25 = ( ) (1)
10
8 5.10
ii) , , , ,
3
() = ; 0 = 8
() =
1
; (0 ) =
1
=
1
EAP Ingeniera Civil - Hvca
3 3
3 2 3 82 12
0 + = 8+ =9 =1
(0 + ) (0 ) = (0 ).
3 3 1
9 8 = ( ) (1)
12
3
9 2.08
3
() = ; 0 = 27
1 1 1
() = 3 ; (0 ) = 3 =
3 2 3 272 27
0 + = 27 + = 26 = 1
(0 + ) (0 ) = (0 ).
3 3 1
26 27 = ( ) (1)
27
3
26 2.97
3
() = ; 0 = 27
1 1 1
() = 3 ; (0 ) = 3 =
3 2 3 272 27
0 + = 27 + = 28 =1
(0 + ) (0 ) = (0 ).
3 3 1
28 27 = ( ) (1)
EAP Ingeniera Civil - Hvca
27
3
28 3.04
3
() = ; 0 = 64
1 1 1
() = 3 ; (0 ) = 3 =
3 2 3 642 48
0 + = 64 + = 63 = 1
(0 + ) (0 ) = (0 ).
3 3 1
63 64 = ( ) (1)
48
3
63 3.98
3
() = ; 0 = 64
1 1 1
() = 3 ; (0 ) = 3 =
3 2 3 642 48
0 + = 64 + = 65 =1
(0 + ) (0 ) = (0 ).
3 3 1
65 64 = ( ) (1)
48
3
65 4.02
iii) , ,
EAP Ingeniera Civil - Hvca
4
() = ; 0 = 16
1 1 1
() = 4 ; (0 ) = 4 =
4 3 4 163 32
0 + = 16 + = 15 = 1
(0 + ) (0 ) = (0 ).
4 4 1
15 16 = ( ) (1)
32
4
15 1.97
4
() = ; 0 = 16
1 1 1
() = 4 ; (0 ) = 4 =
4 3 4 163 32
0 + = 16 + = 17 =1
(0 + ) (0 ) = (0 ).
4 4 1
15 16 = ( ) (1)
32
4
17 2.03
3
() = ; 0 = 125
() =
1
; (0 ) =
1
=
1
EAP Ingeniera Civil - Hvca
3 3
3 2 3 1252 75
0 + = 125 + = 80 = 45
(0 + ) (0 ) = (0 ).
3 3 1
80 125 = ( ) (45)
75
3
80 4.40
iv) ( ), ( ), ( ), ( )
( )
() = () ; 0 = 30 0.5236
3
() = () ; (0 ) = (30 ) =
2
0 + = 30 + = 25 = 5 0.0872
(0 + ) (0 ) = (0 ).
3
(25 ) (30 ) = ( ) (0.0872)
2
(25 ) 0.4244
( )
() = () ; 0 = 60 1.0471
1
() = () ; (0 ) = (30 ) =
2
0 + = 60 + = 61 = 1 0.0174
(0 + ) (0 ) = (0 ).
EAP Ingeniera Civil - Hvca
1
(61 ) (60 ) = ( ) (0.0174)
2
(61 ) 0.4913
( )
() = () ; 0 = 60 1.0471
1
() = () ; (0 ) = (60 ) =
2
0 + = 60 + = 62 = 2 0.0349
(0 + ) (0 ) = (0 ).
1
(62 ) (60 ) = ( ) (0.0349)
2
(62 ) 0.8834
( )
() = () ; 0 = 60 1.0471
3
() = () ; (0 ) = (60 ) =
2
0 + = 60 + = 59 = 1 0.0174
(0 + ) (0 ) = (0 ).
3
(59 ) (60 ) = ( ) (0.0174)
2
(59 ) 0.5150
v) (. ), (), ()
EAP Ingeniera Civil - Hvca
(. )
() = () ; 0 = 1
1 1
() = ; (0 ) = =1
1
0 + = 1 + = 1.005 = 0.005
(0 + ) (0 ) = (0 ).
(1.005) 0.005
()
() = () ; 0 = 10
() ()
() = ; (0 ) = = 0.0434
10
0 + = 10 + = 9 = 1
(0 + ) (0 ) = (0 ).
(9) 0.9566
()
() = () ; 0 = 10
() ()
() = ; (0 ) = = 0.0434
10
0 + = 10 + = 12 =2
(0 + ) (0 ) = (0 ).
EAP Ingeniera Civil - Hvca
(12) 1.0868
1. MTODO DE DESCOMPOSICIN
Descomponer una integral dada en suma; en otras integrales ms simples.
Este mtodo, cuando el integrando es una fraccin y adems el grado del
numerador es menor que el del denominador. El procedimiento es lo siguiente:
- Se expresa el denominador como el producto de factores (lineales,
cuadrticos, etc.).
- Representar el numerador como una combinacin de suma y diferencia de
los factores que tiene el denominador.
)
+
)
( )( + )
1 ( + 4) ( 3)
= = =
(3 )(4 + ) ( 3)( + 4) 7 ( 3)( + 4)
1 1
[ 3] + [ + 4] +
7 7
1 +4
= [ ]+
(3 )(4 + ) 7 3
( + )
EAP Ingeniera Civil - Hvca
( )
2 +2
Solucin: sumando y restando uno a la funcin integrado[ 2 8 1 + 1]
2 + 2 2 + 2 2 + 8
[ 2 1 + 1] = [ + 1]
8 2 8
= 10 2 + =
( 8)
( 2 + 2) 10 +4
2
= [ ] + +
( 8) 28 3
)
( )
Solucin: se sabe que el grado del polinomio divisor, previamente conviene efectuar la
divisin de tales polinomios
4 36
2
= 2 + 6 + 2
6 6
Entonces:
4 36
2
= [ 2 + 6 + 2 ] = ( 2 + 6) + 36 2
( 6) 6 ( 6)
2
Descomponiendo ( 6) = ( 6)( + 6)
3 ( + 6) ( 6)
+ 6 + 1 + 36 [ ]
3 ( 6)( + 6)
3 36 36
= + 6 + 1 + [ 6] [ + 6] + 2
3 26 26
4 3 36 36
2 = + 6 + [ 6] [ + 6] +
( 6) 3 26 26
EAP Ingeniera Civil - Hvca
( )
1 ( 2)
= [ ]
( 2) 2 ( 2)
1 1 1 1
= = [ 2] [] +
2 ( 2) 2 2 2
1 2
= [ ]+
( 2) 2
Solucin:
Aplicando la discriminante:
2 4
=
2
2 44 1 11
= =
2 1
Donde
=
2 2 10 ( 1 11)( 1 + 11)
1 ( 1 + 11) ( 1 11)
=
211 ( 1 11)( 1 + 11)
1 1
=
211 ( 1 11) 211 ( 1 + 11)
1 1 11
= [ ]+
2 2 10 211 1 + 11
( )
EAP Ingeniera Civil - Hvca
2++5
[ 1]
+5
Luego
(2 )
= 7 [ + 5] +
+5
( + )
)
+ +
Solucin:
Recuerde que en las integrales de la forma:
( + )
2 + + 4
1 (2 + 8)
= 2
2 + 8 + 4 ( 4 12)( 4 + 12)
1
= [ 2 + 8 + 4] + 1
2 ( 4 12)( 4 + 12)
Descomponiendo en sus factores en **
2 4 4 48
= =
2 1
1 ( 4 + 12) ( 4 12)
[ ]
212 ( 4 12)( 4 + 12)
1 1
= [ 4 + 12] [ 4 12] + 2
212 212
1 4 + 12
= [ ] + 2
( 4 12)( 4 + 12) 212 4 + 12
( + 3) 1 1 4 + 12
2
= [ 2 + 8 + 4] + [ ]+
+ 8 + 4 2 212 4 + 12
( + )
)
+
Solucin:
Similar al problema anterior expresemos ( + 4) como la derivada de 2 11 + 44
1 (2 11) 19
+ 4 = [2 11 + 19] = +
2 2 2
( + 4) 1 (2 11) 19
= 2 = 2 + 2
11 + 44 2 11 + 44 2 11 + 44
1 19
= [ 2 11 + 44] + 1 + 2
2 2 11 + 44
11 2 121 11 2 55
( ) + 44 = ( ) +
2 4 2 4
Luego en *
19 19
= 2 =
2 11 + 44 2 11 2 55 2
( 2 ) + ( 4 )
12
19 2 2
= + 2
2 55 55
( 2 )
)
+
Solucin:
Completando cuadrados
=
3 2 9
( 2) 4 + 10
=
3 2 31
( 2) + 4
1 32
= 2 = . ( )+
3 2 31 (312) 312
( 2) + ( 2 )
2 2 3
= . ( )+
2 3 + 10 31 31
( + )
)
Solucin:
Comentario: cada vez que se encuentren integrales de la forma:
( + )
2 + +
1 6 5 17
+2= [6 5 17] = +
6 6 6
( + 2) 1 (6 5) 17
= +
3 2 5 8 6 3 2 5 8 6 3 2 5 8
1 (3 2 5 8) 17
= +
6 3 2 5 8 6 3 2 5 8
1 17
= |3 2 5 8| + 1 +
EAP Ingeniera Civil - Hvca
6 18 2 5 8
3 3
Completando cuadrados: *
2
5 8 5 2 25 8 5 2 121
= ( ) = ( )
3 3 6 36 3 6 36
En efecto: en () tenemos
17 17
=
18 5 2 121 18 5 2 11 2
( ) ( ) ( )
6 36 6 6
17 3 6 15
= [ ] + 2
18 11 6 6
( + 2) 1 17 3 6 15
2 = 2
+ 1 + [ ] + 2
3 5 8 6 [3 5 8] + 18 11 6 6
( )
)
+
Solucin:
Para cancelar 2 sumamos y restamos 1 a la funcin integral
2 4 2
( + 1)
2 + 4
4
( 2 ) +
+4
+4
= ( 2 ) + + 1
+4
4
= [ ( 2 ) + ( 2 ) ] + + 1
+4 +4
4
= [ ( 2 ) + ( 2 ) ] + + 1
+4 +4
1 2 4
= [ 2 + ( 2 ) ] + + 1
2 +4 +4
1 2 4
= [ 2 + ( 2 ) ] + + 1
2 +4 +4
1 4
= [ [ 2 + 4] + ( )] + + 1
2 2 2
( 2 ) 1
2
= [ 2 + 4] 2 ( ) +
+4 2 2
( + )
)
+
Solucin:
Completando cuadrados tenemos
( 3 + 1) ( 3 + 1) ( 3 + 1) 5 5
= 2 = 2 ( 2 )
4 5 2 + 5 5 25 5 5 2 2
( 2 2) 4 + 5 ( 2 2) 4
( 3 + 1)
=
5 5 5 5
( 2 2 + 2 ) ( 2 2 2 )
5 5 5 5
( 3 + 1) ( 2 + ) ( 2 )
1 2 2 2 2
=
5 5 5 5 5
( 2 2 + 2 ) ( 2 2 2 )
1 ( 3 + 1) 1 ( 3 + 1)
=
5 5 5 5 5 5
( 2 2 2 ) ( 2 2 + 2 )
5 + 5 1 ( 3 + 1)
( 2 2 ) + 5 +1
2 5 5
( 2 + 2 )
1
=
5 5 5
( 2 2 2 )
[ ]
5 5 5 + 5
( 2 2 )( ) + 1
1 2
5 5 5
( 2 2+ 2 )
[ ]
5 + 5
( 2 )
1 1 1
= + +
5 5 5 5 5 5 5
( 2 2 2 ) ( 2 2 2 )
5 5
( 2 )
1 1 1
+
5 5 5 5 5 5 5
( 2 2 + 2 ) ( 2 2 + 2 )
5 + 5
( 2 )
EAP Ingeniera Civil - Hvca
1 1
= + +
5 5 5 5 2
2 2 2 5 + 5
( 2 ( 2 ) )
5 5
( 2 )
1 1
5 5 + 5 5 + 5 5 2
( 2 ) ( + 2 ) ( 2
5 5
( 2 ) )
5 + 5 1 1
= + +
2 5 5 5 5 5 + 5 5 + 5
( 2 2 2 ) ( 2 ) ( + 2 )
5 5
( 2 )
5 5 1
2 5 5 + 5 5 + 5
( 2 ) ( + 2 )
1
5 5 5 5 5
( 2 ) ( + 2 )
5 + 5 5 + 5]
[(
5 + 5 1 2 )+ 2
= +
2 5 5 5
( 2 2 2 )
5 + 5 5 + 5)
( +
1 2 ) ( 2
+
5 + 5 5 + 5 5 + 5
25 ( 2 ) ( + 2 ) ( 2 )
5 5 5 5]
[(
5 5 1 2 )+ 2
2 5 5 5 5 5
( 2 ) ( + 2 )
5 5 5 5)
EAP Ingeniera Civil - Hvca
( +
1 2 ) ( 2
5 5 5 5 5 5
25 ( 2 ) ( 2 ) ( + 2 )
5 + 5 5 + 5
= +
25 5 + 5 2
( + 2 )
5 + 5
+
25 5 + 5 5 + 5
( 2 ) ( + 2 )
2 2 5 + 5
+
225 + 55 5 + 5 225 + 55 5 + 5 25
( 2 ) ( + 2 )
5 + 5
+
5 5 2
( + 2 )
5 + 5 2
+
25 5 5 5 5 225 55 5 5
( 2 ) ( + 2 ) ( 2 )
2
225 55 5 5
( + 2 )
5 + 5 5 + 5
= [ + ]
25 2
5 + 5 5 + 5)]
[( +
(5 + 5) 5 + 5 2 ) ( 2
+
425 + 55 5 + 5 5 + 5
( 2 ) ( + 2 )
2 5 + 5 2 5 + 5
[ ] [ + ]+
225 + 55 2 225 + 55 2
5 5 5 5)]
EAP Ingeniera Civil - Hvca
[( +
(5 + 5) 5 5 2 ) ( 2
425 55 5 5 5 5
( 2 ) ( + 2 )
2 5 5 2 5 5
[ ]+ [ + ]
225 55 2 225 55 2
5 + 5
5 + 5 5 + 5 (5 + 5) 5 + 5 2
= [ + ]+ +
25 2 425 + 55 5 + 5
[ + 2 ]
5 + 5 5 5
2 (5 + 5) 5 + 5 2
2 + +
2 25 + 55 5 + 5
4 25 + 55 5 5
[ + 2 ] [ + 2 ]
5 5
2 +
2
225 55 5 5
[ 2 ]
( + )
)
+
Solucin:
Completando cuadrados tenemos
( 3 + 3) 3 2
2 = +
( 1)2 + 2 ( 2 1)2 + 2 ( 2 1)2 + 2
( 2 1)2 + 2: sea 2 1 = 2 ()
2 = 2 ()2dz
3 1 2 (2)
2 =
( 1)2 + 2 2 ( 2 1)2 + 2
1 (2 () + 1)(2 2 ())
=
2 2(2 () + 1)
Como:
2 () = 2 () + 1
1 (2 () + 1)(2 2 ())
EAP Ingeniera Civil - Hvca
=
4 2 ()
1 (2 () + 1)(2)
=
4 1
1 2
= 2 () +
4 4
1 2
= () + ()
2 4
1 2
= [()] + () + 1
2 4
( 2 1)2 + 2
2
2 1 () =
( 2 1)2 +2
2
3 1 2 2 2 1
== [ ] + ( ) + 1
( 2 1)2 + 2 2 ( 2 1)2 + 2 4 2
Ademas:
( 2 1)2 + 2
Sea, 2 1 = 2 ();
2Xdx=2 2 ()
2 2 2 () 2 2
2 2
= 2
= = + 2
( 1) + 2 2( ()) 2 2
( 2 1)2 + 2
2 1
2
2
Entonces:
2 2 2 1
= 2 ( ) + 2
( 2 1)2 + 2 2 2
Otro metodo:
EAP Ingeniera Civil - Hvca
2 ( 2 1) 1 2 1
= = ( )+
( 2 1)2 + 2 ( 2 1)2 + 22 2 2
b) () ( )
Solucin:
2
sea: u= 2 (x) ; dv= ( 3 )
3 2
du=-2cos(x)sen(x)dx ; v= 2 ( 3 )
du=-sen (2x)dx
2 3 2 3 2
2 () ( ) = 2 (x) ( ) (2) ( )dx
3 2 3 2 3
3 2 3 2 2
= 2 2 (x) ( 3 ) 2 (3 ) ( 3 )dx
3
3 2 3 2 2
= 2 2 (x) ( 3 ) 2 (3 ) ( 3 )dx
3
Sen(3x)=3sen(x)-4se3 ()
Cos (3x)= 4co 3 (x)-3cos(x)
2
2 () ( )
3
3 2 3 2 2 2
= 2 2 (x) ( 3 ) 2 ( ( 3 ) 4se3 ( 3 )) ( 3 ) dx
3 2 3 2 2
= 2 2 (x) ( 3 ) 2 (3 ( 3 ) ( 3 ) dx-
3 2 2 3 2 2
2
3 ( 3 ) ( 3 )dx+2 43 ( 3 ) ( 3 )dx
3 2 9 2 2 12 2 2
= 2 2 (x) ( 3 ) 4 ( 3 ) ( 3 ) dx+ 2
3 ( 3 ) ( 3 )dx
2 2 2
Si: d ( ( 3 ) = 3 ( 3 )dx
2 3 2
2 () ( 3 ) = 2 2 (x) ( 3 ) 4 2 ( 3 ) ( ( 3 ))
9 3
EAP Ingeniera Civil - Hvca
2 2
2 3 2
+6 3 ( 3 ) 2 ( ( 3 ))
3 2 27 2 2
= 2 2 (x) ( 3 ) 8
( 3 ) ( ( 3 ))
2 2
+9 3 ( 3 ) ( ( 3 ))
2
3 2 27 2 (23) 4 ( )
2 3
= 2 (x) ( 3 ) 8
( 2
) + 9( 4
)+
3 2 27 9 2
= 2 2 (x) ( 3 ) 16 2 (23) + 4 4 ( 3 ) +
d) ( )
Solucin:
1
sea: u=( 2 ) ; = 2
2 1
= ; = 2
2
2 3/2
= ; =
3/2
2 2 3
= ; = 2
3
( 2 )
2 3 2 3 2 2 3 4 3
= 2 ( 2 ) 2 = 2 ( 2 ) 2
3 3 3 3
2 3 4 (3 2 3 4 (1
= 2 ( 2 ) 21) = 2 ( 2 ) 2)
3 3 3 3
3
2 3 4 2
= 2 ( 2 ) ( )+
3 3 3
2
2 3 8
( 2 ) = 2 ( 2 ) 3/2 +
3 9
e) [( )]
EAP Ingeniera Civil - Hvca
Solucin:
2 (3 ())
=
2 (3 ())
Sea: u=x ; dv=
2 (3 ())
Sea du=dv ; V=
Si: d(ln(x))=
V= 2 (3 ())(())
1+(6 ())
V= 2
(())
1 1
V=2 (())+2 (6 ()) (())
1 1
V=2 ()+12 (6 ())
1 1
2 (( 3 )) = (2 ()+12 (6 ()))-
1 1
(2 ()+12 (6 ())dx
1 1 1
= 2 ()+12 (6 ()))-2 ()dx- 12 (6 ())dx. (1)
Hallando las integrales de expresin (1)
1
1 2 () = () , =
Du= ; v=x
1 1 1
= 2 () = ( () ) = ( () ) = 1 ( 1)
2 2 2
1 1 (6 ())
2 12 (6 () = 12
(6 ())
u=x ; dv=
dx
du=dx ; V= (6 ()) (())
1 1 1
2 12 ( 6 (6 ()) + 6 (6 ())
1 1 1 1 (6 ())
(6 () = ( (6 ()) +
12 12 6 6
(6 ())
U=x ; dv=
Du=dx ; v= (6 ()) (())
1
V=6 (6 ())
1 1
12 (6 ()) = 72 (6 ())
1 1
(6 ())+432 (6 ())
432
1 1 1 1
( 12 432) (6 ()) = 72 (6 ()) 432 (6 ())
37 1
( 432) (6 ()) =72 (6 ()) 432 (6 ())-
1
EAP Ingeniera Civil - Hvca
1 1 1
432
(6 ()) =2664 (6 ()) 15984 (6 ())
1 1 1
- 12 (6 ()) = 74 (6 ()) 444 (6 ())
Reemplazando las integrales en (1)
1 1 1
2 (( 3 ))dx=2 ()+ 12 (6 ()-2 ((()
1 1
1)) + 74 (6 ()) 444 (6 ())+c
f) [( )]
Solucin:
3 (2())
= 3 (2()) =
3 (2())
u=x ; dv=
dx
2 (2())(2())
v= (())
2 (2()))(2())
v= (1 (())
Hallando ln(x) =t
= 2() 2 (2))(2) ()
1 2 (2)
= (2) + ((2))
2 2
1 1 3 (2)
= 2 (2) + 2 ( )
3
1 1 3 (2())
= 2 (2()) + 2 ( )
3
1 1 3 (2 ())
3 (( 2 )) = ( 2 (2 ()) + 2 ( 3
))
1 1 3 (2())
( 2 (2 ()) + 2 ( ))dx
3
1 1 3 (2 ()) 1 1 3 (2())
= 2 (2 ()) + 2 ( ) + 2 (2 ()) 6 ( ))dx
3
Sea
3 (2())
u=x ; dv=
dx
2 (2
du=dx v= ()) (2 ()) (())
2
v=(1 (2()) (2 ()) (())
Hallando: ln(x)=t
V= (2 ()) (())- 2 (2)) (2) ()
1 2 (2)
V=2 (2) 2
((2))
1 1 3 (2)
V=2 (2) 2 ( 3
)
1 1 3 (2())
V=2 (2()) 6 ( 1
)
1 1 3 (2 ())
3 (( 2 )) = (2 ()) + ( )
EAP Ingeniera Civil - Hvca
2 2 3
1
+ (2 ())
2
1 1 1 1 1
( (2 ()) ( (2 ()) 3 (2 ()))
6 2 6 2 6
1 1 1
+ ( (2 ()) 3 (2 ()))
6 2 6
1 1
3 (( 2 )) = 2 (2 ()) + 6 3 (2()) +
1 1 1
2
(2 ()) 6 (2 (2 ()))
1 1 1
3 (2 ())+12 (2 ()) 36 3 (2 ())
6
Si:
37 1 1
36
3 (( 2 )) = 2 (2 ()) + 6 3 (2())
1 1 1
12 (2 ()) + 36 3 (2 ()) + 2 (2 ()) +
1
12
(2 ()) (1)
1 1
(2 ()) = (2 ()) + (2 ()
EAP Ingeniera Civil - Hvca
2 2
1 1 (2 ()
= 2 (2 ()) + 2
(2 ())
Sea: u=x ; dv=
1
Du=dx ; v=2 (2 ())
1 1
(2 ()) = (2 ()) + (2 ())
2 4
1
(2 ())
4
5 1 1
4
(2 ())= 2 (2 ()) + 4 (2 ())
2 1
(2 ())= 5 (2 ()) + 5 (2 ())
Reemplazando en (1)
37 1 1
36
3 (( 2 )) = 2 (2 ()) + 6 3 (2())
1 1 1 2
(2 ()) 36 3 (2 ()) + 2 (5 (2 ()) +
12
1 1 2 1
(2 ())) + 12 ( 5 (2 ()) + 5 (2 ()))
5
37 1 1
36 3 (( 2 )) = 2 (2 ()) + 6 3 (2())
1 1 1 1
12 (2 ()) + 36 3 (2 ()) + 5 (2 ()) + 10 (2 ())
1 1
(2 ()) + 60 (2 ())
30
18 6
3 (( 2 )) = 37 (2 ())+ 37 3 (2()) -
3 1 36 36
(2 ()) + 37 3 (2 ()) + 185 (2 ()) + 370 (2 ())
37
6 6
(2 ()) + 370 (2 ())+c
185
g) ( ( ))
Solucin:
3
u= ( ( 2 )) ; =
3
2 ( ( 2 ))
= =
3 3 3
( ( 2 )) =x ( ( 2 )) 2 ( ( 2 ))
Sea
3
( ( 2 )) ; =
2 3 3
2 2 (( )) (( ))
2 2
= ; =
( (
3
))
EAP Ingeniera Civil - Hvca
2
3
= ( ( ))
2
3
2 ( ( ))
2
3 3
+ 2 2 ( ( )) ( ( )) . . ()
2 2
HALLANDO LA INTEGRAL:
3 3
H= 2 ( ( 2 )) ( ( 2 ))
3
(( )) 3
2
= 3 3 ( ( 2 ))
(( ))
2
3
Sea: cos ( ( 2 ))=t
3 3
Dt=-sen( ( 2 )) ( ( 2 ))
3 3 3
V= 2 3 == 4 2 == 3
42 (( ))
2
3 3 3
H= 3 = 4 2 ( ( 2 ))
42 (( ))
2
3
U= 2 ( ( 2 )) dv=dx
3 3
2 2 (( ))(( ))
2 2
Du=
v=x
3
3 3 2 (( ))
2
H= 3 -
42 (( )) 4
2
3
3 3 3 2 (( ))
2
H--2 = 3 -
42 (( )) 4
2
3
3 3 2 (( ))
2
2 = 3
42 (( )) 4
2
3 3 3
H=2 2 ( ( 2 )) 3
22 (( ))
2
Reemplazando en (1)
3
3 3 3 3 2 (( ))
( ( 2 )) = ( ( 2 )) 2 ( ( 2 )) + 2( 2
2
3
3 ) +c
22 (( ))
2
3 3 3 3
= ( ( 2 )) 2 ( ( 2 )) + 3 2 ( ( 2 )) 3 +
2 (( ))
2
3 3 3 3
= ( ( 2 )) 2 ( ( 2 )) + 3 2 ( ( 2 )) 3 2 ( ( 2 )) +
3 3
= ( ( 2 )) 2 ( ( 2 )) +
3 3 3
( ( )) = ( ( )) 2 ( ( )) +
EAP Ingeniera Civil - Hvca
2 2 2
h) ( ( ))
i)
( )
Solucin:
Sea:
u=x ; dv=(42 )2 = (4 2 )2
si: d(4 2 )=-2xdx
1
1 (4 2 ) 1 4 2
v= 2 (4 2 )2 = 2 ( 1
)
1
v=2(42 )
2
2 2
= 2
(4 ) 2(4 ) 2(4 2 )
1
= 2
+ 2
2(4 ) 2 4
1 ( + 2) ( 2)
= 2
+
2(4 ) 2 4 ( + 2)( 2)
1 1
= 2
+
2(4 ) 8 2 8 + 2
1 1
= 2
+ | 2| | + 2|
2(4 ) 8 8
2 1 2
= + | |+
(4 2 )2 2(4 2 ) 8 +2
j) ( + )
Solucin:
= 3 3 2 + 2 = 3
= (3 2 6) =
3
EAP Ingeniera Civil - Hvca
3
3 3
( 3 3 2 + 2) 3 = ( 3 3 2 + 2) (3 2 6)
3 3
3 1
= ( 3 3 2 + 2) 3 (3 2 6)
3 3
:
= (6 6)
3 (3 2 = (3 2 6)
6) { { 3
= 3 =
3
3 (3 2
3 3
6) = (3 2 6)
(6 6)
3 3
3 3
= (3 2 6) (6 6)
3 3
:
3 (6 6) = 6
(6 6) { { 3
3 = 3 =
3
3 3 3
(6 6) = (6 6) 6
3 3 3
3
= (6 6) 2 3
3
3 2 3
= (6 6)
3 3
REEMPLAZANDO:
3 1
= ( 3 3 2 + 2) 3 (3 2 6)
3 3
3
1 3 3
= ( 3 3 2 + 2) ((3 2 6) (6 6))
3 3 3 3
3 1 3 3 3
= ( 3 3 2 + 2) ((3 2 6) ((6 6) 6 ))
3 3 3 3 3
3 1 3 3 2 3
= ( 3 3 2 + 2) ((3 2 6) ((6 6) ))
3 3 3 3 3
3 2 3 3 2
3 1 2
3 2 3
( 3 + 2) = ( 3 + 2) (3 6) + (6 6) 3 +
3 3 3 9 9
l) ()
Solucin:
3 2 2 () = 3 2
(1 cos(2))
EAP Ingeniera Civil - Hvca
1
= 2 3 2 (1 cos(2))
= (2 3 2 + 2 3 2 )
3 2 (1 = 3 2
cos(2)) { { (2)
= (1 cos(2)) =
2
1 3 2 (2) (2)
3 2 2 () =[ ( ) ( ) (2 3 2 + 2 3 2 )]
2 2 2
1 (2) 1 2(2) 3 2 3(2) 2 2
= 3 2 ( ) (2 4 2 + 3 3 2 )
2 2 2 2 2
1 (2) 3 1 3
= 3 2 ( ) 4 2 3 2 + (2) 3 2 + (2) 2 2
2 2 2 2 4
() () ()
():
: 1 = 4 1 = 2
2
1 = 4 3 1 = 2
():
: 2 = 3 2 2 = (2)
2 = (2 3 2 + 2 3 2 ) 2 = 2() cos()
2 = 2 ()
():
: 3 = 2 2 3 = (2)
3 = (2 2 2 + 2 2) 3 = 2() cos()
3 = 2 ()
3 2 2 ()
1 (2) 4 2 3
= 3 2 ( ) + 2 2 3 3 2
2 2 2 2
1 3 2
+ ( 2 () 2 ()(2 3 2 + 2 3 2 ) )
2
3
+ ( 2 2 2 () 2 ()(2 2 2 + 2 2))
4
3 2 2 ()
EAP Ingeniera Civil - Hvca
1 (2) 4 2 3
= 3 2 ( ) + 2 2 3 3 2
2 2 2 2
3 2 2 ()
1 3 2 2 2 ()
+ 2 ()(2 3 2 + 2 3 2 ) +
2 2 4
3
2 ()(2 2 2 + 2 2)
4
3 2 2 ()
1 (2) 4 2 1 3 2 2 ()
= 3 2 ( ) + 3 2 +
2 2 2 2 2
3 3 2 ()
2 2
2 () 3 2 2 () 2 2 +
2 4
3 3
2 () 2 2 2 () 2
2 2
3 2 2 ()
1 (2) 4 2 1 3 2 2 ()
= 3 2 ( ) + 3 2 +
2 2 2 2 2
2 2 2 ()
3 3
3 2 () 2 2 + 2 () 2
4 2
:
: 4 = 3 4 = 2
2
4 = 3 2 4 =
2
: 5 = 2 2 5 = 2 ()
(1cos(2))
5 = ( 2 2 + 2 2 2 ) 5 = 2
1 1
5 = 2 4 (2)
: 6 = 2 6 = 2 ()dx
(1cos(2))
6 = ( 2 + 2 2 ) 6 = 2
1 1
6 = 2 4 (2)
3 2 2 ()
EAP Ingeniera Civil - Hvca
1 (2) 4 2 1 3 2 2 3 2
= 3 2 ( ) + ( )
2 2 2 2 2 2
3 2 2 ()
+
2
2 2
1 1
3 ( ( (2))
2 4
1 1 2 2 2 )
3 2 2 2 ()
( (2)) ( 2 + 2 )+
2 4 4
3 2 1 1 1 1
( ( (2)) ( (2)) ( 2 + 2 2 ))
2 2 4 2 4
3 2 2 ()
1 (2) 4 2 3 2 3
= 3 2 ( ) + 2 2
2 2 2 4 4
3 2 2 ()
1 1
+ 3 2 2 ( (2))
2 2 4
(2) 2 (2) 2 2
+ 3 ( 2 2 + 3 2 )
2 2
3 2 2 2 () 3 2 1 1
+ ( (2))
4 2 2 4
3 2 (2) 2
(2) 2
+ ( + 2 2 )
2 2 4 2
3 2 2 ()
1 3 2 (2) 4 2 3 2 3 3 2 2 ()
= ( ) + 2 2 +
2 2 2 4 4 2
1 1 3
3 2 2 ( (2)) + 3 2 2 + 3 3 2 (2) 2
2 4 2
2 2 2 ()
3 3 3 1 1 3
(2) 2 2 + 2 ( (2)) 2
2 4 2 2 4 4
3 3 3
+ 2 2 (2) 2 (2) 2
2 8 4
3 2 2 ()
1 3 2 (2) 4 2 3 2 15 3 2 2 ()
= ( ) + + 2 2 +
2 2 2 4 4 2
1 1 9
3 2 2 ( (2)) + 3 3 2 (2) 2
2 4 4
2 2 2 ()
3 3 3 1 1
(2) 2 2 + 2 ( (2))
2 4 2 2 4
3 2
3 2
+ (2)
4 8
:
: 2 = 2 2 = (2)
2 = ( 2 + 2 2 ) 2 = 2() cos()
2 = 2 ()
: 3 = 2 2 3 = (2)
3 = (2 2 2 + 2 2) 3 = 2() cos()
3 = 2 ()
: 2 = 2 2 = (2)
2 = 2 2 2 = 2() cos()
2 = 2 ()
: 4 = 2 4 = 2
2
4 = 2 4 =
2
3 2 2 ()
1 (2) 4 2 3 2 15 2 2 2 2
= 3 2 ( ) + + ( )
2 2 2 4 4 2 2
3 2 2 () 1 1
+ 3 2 2 ( (2))
2 2 4
3 2 2 2
3 9 3
+ 3( )
2 2 2
9
( 2 2 () 2 ()( 2 + 2 2 ) )
4
3 2 2 2 () 2 2 2 2
3 2 2 2 ()
( ()(2 + 2) ) +
2 4
2
3 1 1 3
2 ( (2)) + ( 2 ) 2
2 2 4 4 2
3
( 2 2 () 2 ()2 2 )
8
3 2 2 ()
1 (2) 4 2 3 2 15 2 2 15
= 3 2 ( ) + + 2
2 2 2 4 8 4
3 2 2 () 3 2
1 1 3 9
+ 3 2 2 ( (2)) + 2 2
2 2 4 2 2
9 2 2 () 9 3 2 2
2 ()
+ 2 ()( 2 + 2 2 )
4 4 2
2 2 2 ()
3 3
+ 2 ()(2 2 2 + 2 2) +
2 4
2
3 1 1 3 3 3 2 2 ()
2 ( (2)) + 2
2 2 4 4 8 8
3
+ 2 ()2 2
8
2 3 2 2 ()
EAP Ingeniera Civil - Hvca
2
1 (2) 4 2 3 2 152 15 2 2
= 3 2 ( ) + + ( )
2 2 2 4 8 4 2 2
3 2 2 () 1 1 33 2 9 2 2 2 2
+ 3 2 2 ( (2)) + ( )
2 2 4 2 2 2 2
922 ()
4
1 1 1 1
+ 3 (2 ( (2)) ( (2)) 22 ) 2 2 ()
2 4 2 4
15 2 1 1 1 1
+ ( ( (2)) ( (2)) (2 + 22 ))
2 2 4 2 4
32 2 2 ()
2
1 1 1 1
+ 3 (2 2 ( (2)) ( (2)) (2 2 + 22 2) )
2 4 2 4
3 2 2 2 () 3 2 1 1 32 3 2 322 ()
+ ( (2)) +
4 2 2 4 4 16 8
:
5 = 2 2 5 = 2 ()
(1cos(2))
5 = ( 2 2 + 2 2 2 ) 5 =
2
1 1
5 = 2 4
(2)
: 6 = 2 6 = 2 ()dx
(1cos(2))
6 = ( 2 + 2 2 ) 6 = 2
1 1
6 = 2 4 (2)
: 6 = 2 6 = 2 ()dx
(1cos(2))
6 = 2 2 6 = 2
1 1
6 = (2)
2 4
3 2 2 ()
EAP Ingeniera Civil - Hvca
1 (2) 4 2 3 2 15 2 2 15 2 15 2
= 3 2 ( ) + + +
2 2 2 4 8 8 16
3 2 2 () 3 2 2 2
1 1 3 9 9
+ 3 2 2 ( (2)) + + 2
2 2 4 2 4 2
9 2 2 () 1 1 3
+ 3 2 ( (2)) 3 2 + (2) 2
4 2 4 2
15 2 1 1 15 15 15
+ ( (2)) 2 2 2 + (2) 2
2 2 4 4 2 8
2 2 2 ()
15 3 1 1
+ 2 (2) + 3 2 2 ( (2))
2 2 2 4
2 2
3 2
3 2 2
3 2 2 2 ()
3 + (2) + (2) +
2 2 4
2 2 2 ()
3 1 1 3 3 2 3
2 ( (2)) +
2 2 4 4 16 8
3 2 2 ()
1 (2) 4 2 3 2 15 2 2 15 2 15 2
= 3 2 ( ) + + +
2 2 2 4 8 8 16
3 2 2 () 3 2 2 2
1 1 3 9
+ 3 2 2 ( (2)) +
2 2 4 2 4
9 2 2 () 1 1 15 1 1
+ 3 2 ( (2)) + 2 ( (2))
4 2 4 2 2 4
3 2 2 2 () 1 1 3 2 2
2 ()
+ 3 2 2 ( (2)) +
2 2 4 4
3 1 1 3 3 2 3 2 ()
2 2
2 ( (2)) + +
2 2 4 4 16 8
m) ()
Solucin:
2 (4)
(2) = 2
2 2
2 2
3 1
2 2 (2) = 2 (4)
6 2
:
= 2()
2 = 2
(4) { { (4)
= (4) =
4
3 1 1 1
2 2 (2) = 6
2 [4 2 (4) 4 (4)2 ]
2 2 (2) =
3 1 2 1
(4) + (4)
EAP Ingeniera Civil - Hvca
6 8 4
:
= =
(4) { = (4) { 1
= (4)
4
3 1 2 1 1
2 2 (2) = (4) + [ (4) + (4) ]
6 8 4 4 4
2 2
3 1 2 1 1
(2) = (4) + [ (4) + (4) ]
6 8 4 4 4
3 1 2 1 1
2 2 (2) = (4) + [ (4) + (4)] +
6 8 4 4 4
2 2
3 1 2 1 1
(2) = (4) (4) + (4) +
6 8 16 64
()
o)
()
3
= 3
()
()
= () =
{ 1 { 1
3 = 3 = 2 2
3
= [ 2
+ 3]
2 2
3
= + 3
2 2 2
2
= + ( )
3 2 2 2 2
3
= +
2 2 4 2
= [
2 + 1
]+
EAP Ingeniera Civil - Hvca
3 4 2
p) ()
= 2 = 2 2
2 (3) { { (3)
= (3) = 3
1 2
2 (3) = 2 (3) 2 (3)
3 3
= 2 2
2 = 2
(3) { { (3)
= (3) =
3
2 (3)
1 2 1 2
= 2 (3) [ 2 (3) 2 (3) ]
3 3 3 3
2 (3)
1 2 4
= 2 (3) 2 (3) + 2 (3)
3 9 9
3 2
2 (3) = 2 (3) 2 (3) +
5 5
q) ()
Solucin:
= 3 = 3 3
3 (4) { { (4)
= (4) = 4
3 (4) 3
3 (4) = 3 (4)
4 4
3 = 3
EAP Ingeniera Civil - Hvca
= 3 3
(4) { { (4)
= (4) =
4
3
3 (4)
(4) =
4
3 3 (4) 3
[ 3 (4) ]
4 4 4
3
3 (4) 3 3
(4) = (4)
4 16
9
+ 3 (4)
16
7 3 (4) 3 3
3 (4) = (4) +
16 4 16
4 3 (4) 3 3
3 (4) = (4) +
7 7
r) ()
Si = () ,
() = (()). ()
Observacin:
EAP Ingeniera Civil - Hvca
1) La igualdad que se alude en esta frmula se verifica en los puntos x, t tales que
= (). Explcitamente, si
() = () () = (()) ()
() = () Siempre que = ().
2) Para calcular
() ,
Cuando se efecta el cambio de variable = (), se procede de la siguiente
manera:
a) Se encuentra la integral
() = (()) ()
b) Se expresa = () como una funcin de x, y se reemplaza () en la
integral encontrada en a) ;
c) Finalmente ,
() = (())
a)
+
Solucin:
Efectuemos el cambio: 2 = 4 , entonces = 2
2
=
5 + 4 5+
(( + 5) 5) ( + 5)
= 2 = 2 10
+5 +5 +5
= 2 10( + 5)
Sustituyendo t por su expresin en funcin de x, obtenemos:
= 2 4 10(5 + 4)
5 + 4
b)
EAP Ingeniera Civil - Hvca
7
3 2(4 ) 3
= 1284 + + 244 + 2(4 ) +
4 7
+
c)
trigonomtrica:
Sea: = 6(), entonces: = 6 2 ()
6 2 () 6 2 ()
: 2 = =
( 2 + 6 )2 (62 () + 6)2 36 4 ()
: 1 + () = 2 ()
2
Entonces:
6 6
2 = 2 () = (1 + (2))
( 2 + 6 )2 36 72
6 6 6(2)
= + (2) = + +
72 72 144
Finalmente reemplazando la variable original:
6 ( ( )) ( ( ))
( + 2) 6 6 6
= ( ) + +
2 6 72 6 72
6 6
6 ( ( )) ( ( ))
6 6 6 6
= ( )+
72 6 72
+
( + 2)
=
2 6
6 6
6 ( ( )) ( ( ))
6 6 6 6
= ( )+
72 6 72
+
Nota:
El mtodo de sustitucin trigonomtrica explicaremos detalladamente en los
captulos posteriores.
f)
Luego:
EAP Ingeniera Civil - Hvca
2 5
Nota:
La ltima integral se halla mediante el mtodo de la sustitucin
trigonomtrica que no es el objetivo de este captulo.
+
a)
2
Solucin: como se tiene: 5 2 = 5 2
Hagamos: = 5 () = 5 ()
Entonces:
( + 4) (5 () + 4)(5 ())
=
2 5 2 52 ()5 5(2 ())
[5 () () + 45 ()]
=
5(2 ())5(1 2 ())
Por la identidad trigonomtrica: 1 2 () = 2 ()
Entonces:
[5()() + 45()]
=
52 ()5 2 ()
[5()() + 45()]
=
552 ()()
Por linealidad del integral, se tiene:
( + 4) [5()()] 45 ()
= +
2 5 2 552 ()() 552 (). ()
Simplificando tenemos:
4 1 4
= + 2
= () + 2 ()
5() 5 () 5 5
1 4
= () + 2 ()
5 5
Como: (()) = 2 ()
1 4 4 1
= () = () +
5 () 5 5 5 ()
En la ltima integral aplicamos el mtodo de integracin por partes:
Hagamos:
1
= ; =
()
()
= ; =
2 ()
Por consiguiente:
EAP Ingeniera Civil - Hvca
()
= + = + 2 ()()
() () 2 () ()
Como: (()) = ()
1
= + 2 ()(()) =
() () ()
Luego:
( + 4) 4 1 1
= () + ( )
2 5 2 5 5 ()
Finalmente:
( ) 1
( + 4)4 5 2 1 5
= ( )+ ( )
2 5 2 5 5
5
b)
( )
:
: = 6 () = 6 ()
:
5
5 [6 (())5 ] [6 () () ]
2 =
( 6)3 (6(())2 6)3
5
[6 (())5 ] [6 () () ] 1 (())6
=
(6(())2 6)3 6 (())5
:
5 1 () 1
2 3
= 5
= (())5
( 6) 6 (()) 6
5 1 1 1
2 3
= (())5 (()) = [ (())4 ] +
( 6) 6 6 4
5 1
2 = (())4 +
( 6)3 24
5 1 2 6
EAP Ingeniera Civil - Hvca
2 = [ ]+
( 6)3 24
)
( + )
:
: = 2 () = 2 (())2
:
2 (())2
=
(2 + 2(())2 )3 (2 + 2(())2 )3
2 (())2 2 (())2
=
(2(1 + (())2 )3 (2 (())2 )3
2 (())2 1 1
= () ()
(2 (())2 )3 2 2
1
= ( )+
(2 + 2 )3 2 2 + 2