Contoh soal chapter 4

A constant head permeability test was carried out on a cylindrical sample of sand 4 in. in diameter
and 6 in. in height. 10 in3 of water was collected in 1.75 min, under a head of 12 in. Compute the
hydraulic conductivity in ft/year and the velocity of flow in ft/sec.
Solution
The formula for determinin

K=

= 10 in3, A = 3.14 x = 12.56 in.2

7 1O

i = = = 2, t = 105 sec.

L6

Therefore fc = = 3.79 x 10~3 in./sec = 31.58 x 10~5 ft/sec = 9960 ft/year

12.56x2x105

Velocity of flow = Id = 31.58 x 10~5 x2 = 6.316 x 10~4 ft/sec

Example 4.2

A sand sample of 35 cm2 cross sectional area and 20 cm long was tested in a constant head

permeameter. Under a head of 60 cm, the discharge was 120 ml in 6 min. The dry weight of sand

used for the test was 1 120 g, and Gs = 2.68. Determine (a) the hydraulic conductivity in cm/sec, (b)

the discharge velocity, and (c) the seepage velocity.

Solution

Use Eq. (4.9), k =

hAt

where Q = 120 ml, t = 6 min, A = 35 cm2, L = 20 cm, and h = 60 cm. Substituting, we have

k = - = 3.174 x 10~3 cm/sec

60x35x6x60

Discharge velocity, v = ki = 3.174 x 10~3 x = 9.52 x 10~3 cm/sec

Seepage velocity vs

W 1120

YGG

From Eq. (3.1 8a), Y f t ~ w s or e~ ~~^ since y = 1 g/cm3

l + e yd

Substituting, e = -- 1 = 0.675

1.6

0.675

l + e 1 + 0.675= 0.403

v 952xlO~3

Now, v = = ' = 2.36 x 10"2 cm/sec J n 0.403

Example 4.3

Calculate the value of A: of a sample of 2.36 in. height and 7.75 in2 cross-sectional area, if a quantity

of water of 26.33 in3 flows down in 10 min under an effective constant head of 15.75 in. On oven

drying, the test specimen weighed 1.1 Ib. Assuming Gs = 2.65, calculate the seepage velocity of
water during the test.
Solution
From Eq. (4.9), k = ^- = - 2633x236 - = 0.8x 10~3 in./sec
hAt 15.75x7.75x10x60
Discharge velocity, v = ki = k = 0.8xlO~3 x : = 5.34xlO~3 in./sec
L 2.36
W11
Y = s- = - : - = 0.0601 lb/in3 = 103.9 lb/ft3
d V 7.75x2.36
YG
FromEq. (3.18a), e = ^-^\
Yd
62.4x2.65
or e - - -- 1 = 0.59 1 5
103.9
-5915 =0.372
l + e 1 + 0.5915
v 5.34 xlO~3
Seepage velocity, v = = - = 14.35 x 10~3 in./sec 6 s n 0.372
Example 4.4
The hydraulic conductivity of a soil sample was determined in a soil mechanics laboratory by
making use of a falling head permeameter. The data used and the test results obtained were as
follows: diameter of sample = 2.36 in, height of sample = 5.91 in, diameter of stand pipe = 0.79 in,
initial head hQ = 17.72 in. final head hl = 11.81 in. Time elapsed = 1 min 45 sec. Determine the
hydraulic conductivity in ft/day.
Solution
The formula for determining k is [Eq. (4.13)]
,.,,.
k = - log,0 - where t is the elapsed time.
A 3.14x0.79x0.79 0 . 1A 4 , Area of stand pipe, a = - = 34 2x 10 4 ft^
4x12x12
Area of sample, A = 3-14x2-36x236
= 304 x 10~4 ft2
4x12x12
Height of sample, L = (17-72~1L81) = 0 4925 ft
1 7 72 1181
Head, /zn = -^ = 1.477 ft, h, = = 0.984 ft 0 12 ] 12

Permeability and Seepage 97

Elapsed time, t = 105 sec = = 12.15 x 10~4 days
60x60x24
k = 2.3x34x10-4x0.4925 x l,o g 1.477 = 1t8f tfft/ldj ay
304 x 10-4 x 12.15 x ID"4 0.984