Bulwark FR Handbook

BULWARK FR HANDBOOK
2 | BULWARK.COM
MORE PEOPLE ARM THEMSELVES WITH
BULWARK THAN ANY OTHER BRAND.
Because Bulwark is the only FR brand that brings 45 years of front line
experience, understanding, and insight to the table. Our highly advanced,
intuitively designed FR garments are backed by industry-leading education
and thought leadership programs that help us deliver on our promise of
protectionoffering a guide to safety standards, PPE selection support, and
ongoing care and maintenance training. With the triangle on your left, you can
trust youve done everything right. Because with Bulwark, you are more than
protectedYou. Are. Armed. Literally. And Figuratively. With the worlds best.
OVERVIEW: WHY READ THIS?

For industries operating in an inherently dangerous environment, the
importance of selecting the right Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) cant
be understated. Its equally important to consider the critical roles of proper
implementation and maintenance when it comes to the safety of workers and
the soundness of an organization.
At the same time, the many rules and requirements provided by various agencies
and organizations can be overwhelming. Broad regulations alongside incredibly
detailed standards and guidelines can be frustrating, confusing, and tedious.
Reading, comprehending, and keeping up with changes to these regulations and

standards is a full time job!
The purpose of this booklet is to guide safety managers/employers through the

process of selection, implementation, care, and maintenance of PPE clothing, and
to outline the available FR (Flame-Resistant) and AR (Arc-Rated) clothing options
that comply with applicable regulations, responsibilities, and requirements.
This booklet will explain:
Organization/Employer Responsibility
Hazard Recognition
FR/AR Selection
FR/AR Implementation
FR/AR Care & Maintenance
BULWARK FR HANDBOOK | 3
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Introduction: Using this Handbook. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-7
Responsibility: Who is Responsible for What . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

OSHA General Duty Clause . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Hazard Risk Assessment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Selection: Choosing the Right PPE for the Job . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

Oil & Gas Flash Fire Protection. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
General Industry Arc Flash Protection. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16-17
Electric Utility Arc Flash Protection. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Verifying Compliance Understanding Labels. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
So Whats in a Label?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Implementation: Using PPE Correctly and Effectively in the Field. . . . . 23

Training . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
Oil & Gas Flash Fire Protection. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26-27
General Industry Arc Flash Protection. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28-29
Electric Utility Arc Flash Protection. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30-31
Care & Maintenance: Protecting the PPE Investment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33

Cleaning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34-35
Repairing or Replacing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36-37
Bulwark Customer Care . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
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INTRODUCTION: USING THIS HANDBOOK
This booklet was created as a quick reference guide to help anyone tasked with protecting workers from
occupational hazards using FR (flame-resistant) and/or AR (arc-rated) clothing.
This handbook is only a guide for the Selection, Use, Care and Maintenance of FR/AR Clothing. It is important
to refer to the manufacturers care and maintenance instructions as well as the following standards for a
comprehensive explanation:
ASTM F2757, Standard Guide for Home Laundering Care and Maintenance of Flame, Thermal and Arc
Resistant Clothing
ASTM F1449, Standard Guide for Industrial Laundering of Flame, Thermal, and Arc Resistant Clothing
NFPA 2113, Standard on Selection, Care, Use and Maintenance of Flame-resistant Garments for Protection of
Industrial Personnel against Flash Fire
The difference between FR/AR clothing and everyday clothing is that everyday
garments can ignite, burn, and melt when exposed to an electric arc or flash fire.
i
NEED FR/AR clothing is secondary Personal Protective Equipment (PPE), meant for
TO KNOW continuous wear and by definition is engineered to self-extinguish if it ignites
The difference between rather than continue to burn.
FR (flame-resistant) and
AR (arc-rated) garments Flame-resistant and arc-rated garments are used to protect employees exposed
is that all AR clothing is to electric arc flash, hydrocarbon, chemical flash fires and molten metals.
also flame-resistant, but
not all FR clothing has an To help safety managers/employers determine the most appropriate clothing for
arc rating. It is critical to their workers, this booklet addresses the Selection, Implementation, and Care &
select the right apparel Maintenance of flame-resistant and arc-rated clothing.
for the task.
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MAIN SECTIONS
The information within the Selection and Implementation sections will outline:
1. Hazards and Regulations The specific hazard being addressed and the applicable regulations
2. Standards The most relevant and accepted industry consensus standards
3. Best Practices Guidance regarding how to best meet those standards and comply with rules and regulations
HAZARDS & INDUSTRIES

Throughout this handbook, the three main hazards/industries are color-coded for easy reference:
Oil & Gas Flash Fire
General Industry Electrical Arc Flash Protection
Electric Utility Arc Flash Protection
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
Call-out boxes with pertinent information are included throughout this handbook. They provide:
i
HELPFUL INFORMATION ALONG THE WAY
Throughout this book, helpful tips, information, and resources appear in boxes that look just like
this one. Look for the gray boxes with the yellow corner!
EASY TO FIND INDUSTRY STANDARDS
In boxes just like this one, important industry consensus standards have been quoted directly and are
cited fully to support further research.
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RESPONSIBILITY: WHO IS RESPONSIBLE FOR WHAT?
When determining who is responsible for worker and workplace safety,
its important to note that most laws and regulations point to employers.
OSHA GENERAL DUTY CLAUSE
In the United States, the responsibility for worker safety rests squarely (and solely) on the employer.
With the OSH Act of 1970, Congress created the Occupational Safety and Health Administration, it
established the central workplace standard known as the general duty clause, and it delegated authority
to OSHA to make rules to further implement the standard. The General Duty Clause states:
(a) Each employer -
(1) shall furnish to each of his employees employment and a place of

employment which are free from recognized hazards that are causing or
likely to cause death or serious physical harm to his employees;
(2) shall comply with occupational safety and health standards promulgated
under this Act.1
When OSHA was established in 1970, private professional organizations were already publishing safety
standards and best practices based on industry or hazard. So, instead of explicitly addressing every
possible scenario in which an employee could be hurt and trying to explain how to manage each situation,
OSHA looked to these well-established entities. In fact, many of OSHAs permanent standards originated as
national consensus standards developed by organizations such as the National Fire Protection Association
and the American National Standards Institute.
The General Duty Clause requires employers to be aware of all actual and potential hazards in the
workplace and to take necessary precautions to protect their employees, but it doesnt tell employers how
they are supposed to do it.
Therefore, it is the responsibility of employers to refer to the industry consensus standards that meet
OSHA requirements, determine which ones are applicable, read and understand those standards, find PPE
suitable to meet those standards, ensure that it is compliant, and make sure that employees know how to
and DOuse it and care for it properly.
i
NEED TO KNOW
The National Fire Protection Association, or NFPA, is an international non-profit which was
founded in 1896 and focuses on fire, electrical, building, and life safety. NFPA develops more than
300 codes and standards to minimize the possible effects of fire and other hazards and provides
research, training, and education. NFPA membership totals more than 70,000 individuals from
around the world and more than 80 national trade and professional organizations.
1
Occupational Safety & Health Act [OSHA]. 29 USC 654 (1970).
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RESPONSIBILITY
HAZARD RISK ASSESSMENT

Beyond the General Duty Clause, conducting a Hazard Risk Assessment is the first responsibility of
the employer.
OSHA requires that employers assess the workplace to determine if hazards are present,
or are likely to be present, which necessitate the use of personal protective equipment. 2
Although OSHA does not provide specific guidance or instruction for how to conduct a hazard risk
assessment, for most industries, a simple walk-through can help determine if there are potential sources of
ignition and whether flame-resistant clothing is necessary. The primary hazards that require flame-resistant
PPE are:
Electric Arcs
Flash Fires
Combustible Dust Fires/Explosions
An electric arc is a dangerous discharge of energy caused by an electric fault releasing extreme thermal
and acoustic energy and creating an explosive pressure wave.
In general industry and electric utility, electricians face potential shock, arc flash, and arc blast
while working on energized equipment. These dangerous events can be the result of a mistake or
equipment failure.
Flash fire, a rapidly moving flame front that expands through diffuse fuel without creating blast pressure, is
the main hazard for the Oil & Gas industry. This includes exploration, drilling, field services, refinement, and
chemical production.
Combustible dust refers to any fine particulate that, when suspended

in the air, presents a flash fire or explosion hazard when coming in i
contact with an ignition source. A wide range of industries may create NEED
and subsequently collect dust as byproducts of grinding polishing,
sanding, etc., but it can also be a potential threat in other industries TO KNOW
such as food processing, pharmaceuticals, agriculture, Issued in 2015, NFPA
and coal. 652, Standard on
the Fundamentals of
Hazard Risk Assessment is the sole responsibility of the Combustible Dust
employer, who is required by law, to conduct a hazard assessment requires that the
comprehensive enough to account for the risks employees may be owner/operator of any
exposed to, and to determine what PPE is required. facility that produces
dust determine if
When evaluating workplace hazards for the purpose of selecting the particulate is
appropriate PPE, employers may refer to industry consensus combustible, prior to
standards published by organizations such as NFPA and ASTM conducting a hazard
International to guide the required assessments and equipment risk assessment.
selection. In OSHA enforcement actions, adherence to these
standards can be considered evidence in determining whether an
employer acted reasonably.
2
Occupational Safety & Health Administration [OSHA]. (2012). Regulations (Standards-29 CFR 1910.132(d)(1)).
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SELECTION: CHOOSING THE RIGHT PPE FOR
THE JOB
Employers choosing FR/AR clothing are required by OSHA to Select,
and have each affected employee use, the types of PPE that will
protect the affected employee from the hazards identified in the
hazard assessment.3
As with hazard assessment, industry consensus standards may be used

to guide selection decisions, and the best way to cite these standards
is by industry.
i
NEED TO KNOW
NFPA provides free access to view its
codes and standards online in read-only
format. Visit their website at:
www.NFPA.org
2
Occupational Safety & Health Administration [OSHA]. (2012). Regulations (Standards-29 CFR 1910.132(d)(1)(I)).
OIL & GAS FLASH FIRE
In the Oil & Gas industry, which includes exploration, drilling, field services, refinement, and chemical
production, the primary known hazard is flash fire, a rapidly moving flame front that expands through
diffuse fuel without creating blast pressure.
NFPA 21124 and NFPA 21135 are the go-to industry consensus standards that address flash fire. NFPA 2112
lays out the standards that FR garments must meet in order to enter the market (covering everything from
the capabilities and characteristics of the fabrics, to construction of the garment, the types of closures
to be used, and comfort). NFPA 2113 focuses on how organizations and employersas well as individual
wearersshould choose the correct garment based on certain criteria.
Once they have identified their hazard and determined that FR is necessary, safety managers can
identify appropriate garments based on other factors like comfort, range-of-motion, durability, and
laundering options.
NFPA 2113 SELECTION
4.3.1 In addition to flame-resistant garments complying with NFPA 2112, Standard on Flame-Resistant
Garments for Protection of Industrial Personnel Against Flash Fire, the organization shall consider
factors in selecting flame-resistant garments including, but not limited to, the following:
(1) Thermal protective characteristics of the fabric over a range of thermal exposures (e.g., to evaluate
the effect of delayed egress)
(2)*Physical characteristics of the fabric
(3)*Garment construction and components (e.g., pockets, types of closures)
(4)*Avoidance of static charge buildup
(5)*Design type of the garment
(6)*Type of conditions under which the garments will be worn
(7)*Comfort properties of the fabric and garment
(8)*Cleaning and maintenance considerations
4
NFPA 2112, Standard on Flame-Resistant Garment for Protection of Industrial Personnel Against Flash Fire,
National Fire Protection Association, 2015
5
NFPA 2113, Standard on Selection, Care, Use, and Maintenance of Flame-Resistant Garments for the Protection
of Industrial Personnel Against Flash Fire, National Fire Protection Association, 2015
Reprinted with permission from NFPA 2113-2015 Standard on Selection, Care, Use, and Maintenance of Flame-
Resistant Garments for Protection of Industrial Personnel against Short Duration Thermal Exposures, Copyright
2014, National Fire Protection, Quincy, MA. This reprinted material is not the complete and official position of the
NFPA on the referenced subject, which is represented only by the standard in its entirety.
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SELECTION
GENERAL INDUSTRY ARC FLASH PROTECTION
Wherever workers may be exposed to hazards associated with electrical energy, employers must make sure
they are protected. This includes electricians, maintenance workers, and operators.
During an electrical arc event, the amount of energy that could potentially be released is called Incident
Energy or IE, and it is expressed in calories per square centimeter or cal/cm2.
NFPA 70E6 requires AR (or arc-rated) clothing for any potential exposure above 1.2 cal/cm2, which equals
the onset of a second-degree burn.
Like FR apparel, AR clothing is secondary PPE meant for continuous wear. It too is designed to self-
extinguish, but it has been tested to the incident energy of an accidental arc flash. The amount of energy
that workers could potentially be exposed to varies greatly, so the level of protection that the clothing
provides must be matched to the degree of severity presented by the potential hazard. This is called an arc
rating or an ATPV (Arc Thermal Performance Value also measured in cal/cm2).
Arc-rated clothing protects the wearer from burn injury in two distinct, measurable ways. The first is the
thermal barrier the fabric provides and the second is the strength of the fabric and its ability to remain
intact and not break apart when hit with an arc.
CATEGORY 1 PROTECTION
1 3 4 NEW
Arc-rated FR long-sleeve shirt and FR pants or FR coverall with a required minimum ATPV of 4 cal/cm2.
1
CATEGORY
3 4 NEW
2 PROTECTION
Arc-rated FR long-sleeve shirt and FR pants or FR coverall with a required minimum ATPV of 8 cal/cm2.
1 3
CATEGORY
4 NEW
3 PROTECTION
Arc-rated FR long-sleeve shirt and pants or FR coverall, and arc flash suit selected so that the system arc
rating meets the required minimum ATPV of 25 cal/cm2.
1 3 4
CATEGORY 4 PROTECTION
NEW
Arc-rated FR long-sleeve shirt and pants or FR coverall, and arc flash suit selected so that the system arc
rating meets the required minimum ATPV of 40 cal/cm2.
Level of protection must be based on the task at hand, and most general industry tasks will require CAT2 or
higher. Its necessary to carefully consider the actual risk associated with a job and to match the protection
category accordingly.
6
NFPA 70E, Standard for Electrical Safety in the Workplace, National Fire Protection Association, 2015
NFPA 70E and the title Electrical Safety in the Workplace are registered trademarks of the National Fire Protection Association,
Quincy, MA.
Reprinted with permission from NFPA 70E-2015, Electrical Safety in the Workplace, Copyright 2015, National Fire Protection,
Quincy, MA. This reprinted material is not the complete and official position of the NFPA on the referenced subject, which is
represented only by the standard in its entirety.
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SELECTION
i
NEED TO KNOW
ATPV (Arc Thermal Performance Value) is the incident energy on a material that results in a 50%
probability that sufficient heat transfer through the specimen is predicted to cause the onset of
second-degree burn injury based on the Stoll Curve, cal/cm2.
EBT (Energy Breakopen Threshold) is the incident energy on a material that results in a 50%
probability of breakopen. Breakopen is defined as any open area at least 1.6 cm2 (0.5 in2).
NFPA 70E PPE
130.7 Personal and Other Protective Equipment.
(C) Personal Protective Equipment (PPE).
(9) Factors in Selection of Protective Clothing. Clothing and equipment that provide worker
protection from shock and arc flash hazards shall be used. If arc-rated clothing is required, it shall
cover associated parts of the body as well as all flammable apparel while allowing movement and
visibility. Clothing and equipment required for the degree of exposure shall be permitted to be worn
alone or integrated with flammable, non-melting apparel. Garments that are not arc-rated shall not be
permitted to be used to increase the arc rating of a garment or of a clothing system.
ELECTRIC UTILITY ARC FLASH PROTECTION
Because arc flash for general industry and for utility is essentially the same hazard in different scenarios with varying
intensities, the fact that NFPA 70E only applies to general industry electrical safety can be confusing.
In fact, NFPA 70E as well as OSHA 1910.2697 and 1926.9608 refer to ASTM F15069, which addresses FR and AR
fabrics for use by electrical workers exposed to momentary electric arc and related thermal hazards. To address
specific circumstances for utility, OSHA published 1910.269 and 1926.960 which state that power utilities (including
transmission, distribution, generation, and metering) are required to wear arc-rated clothing which matches the
potential threat as determined by a proper hazard analysis.
Appendix E to 1910.269 - Protection from Flames and Electric Arcs points to specific language in the regulation that
details what employers are required to do in order to protect their employees. First, when assessing the workplace
for hazards, employers must consider factors such as employee proximity to open flames and flammable materials,
potential sources of electric arcs, and the probability that an electric arc will occur.
Second, employers must protect workers from potential burn injury by estimating the available heat energy that the
workers could be exposed to and by selecting and providing personal protective clothing and equipment.
To help employers determine the severity of a threat, OSHA provides extensive resources on methods of calculating
incident heat energy from an electric arc.
In addition to assessing the workplace for flame and electric-arc hazards and estimating the heat energy that an
electric arc might expose a worker to, employers must ensure that the employee wears flame-resistant protective
clothing with an arc rating that matches the potential threat and that wont melt, ignite, or continue to burn when
exposed to flames or electric arc heat energy.
APPENDIX E TO 1910.269 - PROTECTION FROM FLAMES

AND ELECTRIC ARCS
I. Introduction Paragraph (l)(8) of 1910.269 addresses protecting employees from flames and electric arcs. This
paragraph requires employers to:
(1) Assess the workplace for flame and electric-arc hazards (paragraph (l)(8)(i));
(2) Estimate the available heat energy from electric arcs to which employees would be exposed (paragraph (l)(8)(ii));
(3) Ensure that employees wear clothing that will not melt, or ignite and continue to burn, when exposed to
flames or the estimated heat energy (paragraph (l)(8)(iii)); and
(4) Ensure that employees wear flame-resistant clothing and protective clothing and other protective equipment
that has an arc rating greater than or equal to the available heat energy under certain conditions (paragraphs (l)
(8)(iv) and (l)(8)(v)).
This appendix contains information to help employers estimate available heat energy as required by 1910.269(l)
(8)(ii), select protective clothing and other protective equipment with an arc rating suitable for the available heat
energy as required by 1910.269(l)(8)(v), and ensure that employees do not wear flammable clothing that could
lead to burn injury as addressed by 1910.269(l)(8)(iii) and (l)(8)(iv).
7
Occupational Safety & Health Administration [OSHA]. (2014). Regulations (Standards-29 CFR 1910.269).
8
Occupational Safety & Health Administration [OSHA]. (2014). Regulations (Standards-29 CFR 1926.950).
9
ASTM F 1506, Standard Performance Specification for Flame-resistant and Arc-rated Textile Materials for Wearing Apparel for
Use by Electrical Workers Exposed to Momentary Electric Arc and Related Thermal Hazards (2010)
Cited in full from Occupational Safety & Health Administration [OSHA]. (2014). Regulations (Standards-29 CFR).
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SELECTION
VERIFYING COMPLIANCE (UNDERSTANDING LABELS)
Even after assessing hazard risks and correctly selecting the appropriate FR clothing, it is the responsibility
of the employer to verify that the garments match the identified hazard, so its important to be able to
identify proper labeling as an indicator that manufacturers have maintained due diligence in constructing a
compliant garment.
NFPA and ASTM labeling requirements are strict, but not everyone
follows the rules.
ASTM F1506 6.3 requires that:
Garments shall be labeled with the following information:
6.3.1 Tracking identification code system,

6.3.2 Meets requirements of Performance Specification F1506,
6.3.3 Manufacturers name,
6.3.4 Size and other associated standard labeling,
6.3.5 Care instructions and fiber content, and
6.3.6 Arc rating (ATPV) or arc rating (EBT).
6.3.6.1 When garments are made with a different number of fabric
layers in different areas of the garment, the arc rating for each
area shall be designated. Pockets, trim, closures, seams, labels,
and heraldry shall not be considered as extra layers9
Thats a lot of label, but it shows specific compliance as opposed to labels

that are misleading or omit critical information.
NFPA 2112 4.1 GENERAL
4.1.1 All flame-resistant garments that are labeled as being compliant with this standard shall meet or
exceed all applicable requirements specified in this standard and shall be certified.
4.2.5.2 Manufacturers shall not be authorized to use any label or reference to the certification
organization on products that are not manufactured in compliance with all applicable requirements of
this standard.
4.1.6 Manufacturers shall not claim compliance with a portion(s) or segment(s) of the requirements
of this standard and shall not use the name or identification of this standard in any statements about
their respective product(s) unless the product(s) is certified as compliant to this standard.
9
ASTM F 1506, Standard Performance Specification for Flame-resistant and Arc-rated Textile Materials for Wearing Apparel for
Use by Electrical Workers Exposed to Momentary Electric Arc and Related Thermal Hazards (2010)
Reprinted with permission from NFPA 2112-2012, Standard on Flame-resistant Garments for Protection of Industrial Personnel
against Flash Fire Copyright 2015, National Fire Protection, Quincy, MA. This reprinted material is not the complete and official
position of the NFPA on the referenced subject, which is represented only by the standard in its entirety.
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SELECTION
SO, WHATS IN A LABEL?

The better question is, What SHOULD be in a label? Labels are a garments pedigreethey briefly name and
describe the regulations, standards, and tests to which the garment complies.
First, identify the appropriate standard that matches the specific hazard and then check the label requirements
to make sure that the label correctly indicates that the garment meets the necessary requirements.
i
REQUIRED LABELING NEED
These two examples correctly list and briefly describe the TO KNOW
regulations and standards the garments are required to
meet. They indicate that they meet the performance, testing, Anything worn over
and labeling requirements for the relevant standards and FR/AR garments
regulations, or they indicate that the garment has been certified must be tested to the
by a third-party, in this case Underwriters Laboratories. hazard, or the whole
system is potentially
compromised. Look
for rainwear and high-
visibility vests that have
been tested to ASTM
2733 for flash-fire or
have been tested to
ASTM 1891 for arc-flash
and have an ATPV.
Noncompliant rainwear
MISLEADING LABELING and vests can pose a
Some labels look correct, but they do not meet the strict serious threat to an
labeling requirements mandated by federal regulations and otherwise solid FR/
industry consensus standards. In some cases labels indicate AR clothing program.
that the garment complies with a specific standard, but ignores Its confusing when
others that must also be met. In still other cases, labels state manufacturers market
compliance with standards that do not apply to clothing at all. their products as FR
by referencing a single
test method such as
ASTM D6413-08, non-
performance based
standards like ASTM
F2302-08, or even non-
garment standards like
NFPA 701.
Check your labels!
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IMPLEMENTATION: USING PPE CORRECTLY AND
EFFECTIVELY IN THE FIELD
Even the best PPE is pointless if workers dont know how to correctly use
the things that are meant to protect their lives. Thats why training and
instruction in proper use, as well as dos and donts, is critical to an FR
programs success.
TRAINING
Employers implementing a PPE program are required by OSHA 1910.132(f)(1)10 and all industry consensus
standards to provide training to each employee.
According to OSHA, each employee who is required to wear PPE should at least know when it is necessary,
what exactly is necessary, how to don and doff and adjust it, what its limitations are, and how to properly
care for it.
In addition to the requirement that employees be trained to use PPE properly, OSHA points to other
specific industry consensus standards that provide even more specific details, such as NFPA A.5.1.1.
NFPA 2113 A.5.1.1 TRAINING
Organizations should train their workers in the proper use and care of flame-resistant garments. The
basis of this training should, as a minimum, be the user information provided by the manufacturer
of the flame-resistant garment. Manufacturers are required to provide extensive information about
their flame-resistant garments in the form of user information as specified by NFPA 2112, Standard on
Flame-Resistant Garments for Protection of Industrial Personnel Against Flash Fire.
This information includes the following:
(1) Pre-use information
(a) Safety considerations
(b) Limitations of use
(c) Garment marking recommendations and restrictions
(d) Warranty information
(2) Preparation for use
(a) Sizing/adjustment
(b) Recommended storage practices
(3) Inspection frequency and details
(4) Donning and doffing procedures
(5) Use considerations
(6) Maintenance and cleaning
(a) Cleaning instructions and precautions
(b) Decontamination instructions and precautions
(c) Maintenance criteria and methods of repair, where applicable
(7) Retirement and disposal criteria
10
Occupational Saftey & Health Administration [OSHA]. (2014). Regulations (Standards-29 CFR 1910.132).
Reprinted with permission from NFPA 70E-2015, Electrical Safety in the Workplace, Copyright 2015, National Fire
Protection, Quincy, MA. This reprinted material is not the complete and official position of the NFPA on the referenced subject,
which is represented only by the standard in its entirety.
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IMPLEMENTATION
OIL & GAS FLASH FIRE
Although it references manufacturer instructions, NFPA 2113 5.1.1-5.1.7 states that workers must stay
buttoned, rolled, and tucked.
Besides keeping shirts and coveralls buttoned or zipped up, sleeves rolled down, and shirts tucked in, what
workers wear underneath their PPE matters too.
While FR protection is different from AR protection in that there is no calculation of protection category
based on the intensity of the hazard, there are basic rules to remember regardless of the type of hazard.
For example, undergarments that are not flame-resistant or arc-rated are only permitted if they are
constructed of non-melting fabric, such as cotton, silk, or wool. The only meltable fibers that are allowed
are the incidental amounts of elastic in socks and underwear.
Bulwark coveralls are designed to be quickly and easily removed for safety. They should never be worn
half-unzipped, tied around the waist, with the sleeves rolled up, or with the ankle cuffs taped. This not only
exposes the wearer to the flash fire hazard but also inhibits quick removal.
NFPA 2113 CHAPTER 5
5.1.1* Organizations shall provide users with the instructions provided by the manufacturer on the
care, use, and maintenance of flame-resistant garments, including any warning provided by the
manufacturer.
5.1.2 Organizations shall instruct workers in the limitations, use, care, and maintenance of flame-
resistant garments, including the use of undergarments or over garments.
5.1.3 For maximum protection, organizations shall require that flame-resistant garments be worn as
described in the manufacturers instructions.
5.1.4 Flame-resistant garment collars shall be worn closed.
5.1.5 Sleeves and cuffs shall be worn down and secured.
5.1.6 Organizations shall require that protective neck, head, hand, and foot coverings be worn if the
occupational hazard warrants their use.
5.1.7* Other personal protective equipment (PPE) shall be worn if determined as necessary from a
review of the potential hazards to which workers are exposed from the hazard assessment.
Reprinted with permission from NFPA 2113-2015 Standard on Selection, Care, Use, and Maintenance of Flame-resistant Garments
for Protection of Industrial Personnel against Short Duration Thermal Exposures, Copyright 2014, National Fire Protection,
26 | BULWARK.COM
IMPLEMENTATION
GENERAL INDUSTRY ARC FLASH PROTECTION
The correct use of arc-rated PPE in general industry was updated in 2012 when changes were made to
NFPA 70E 130.7 (9).
In addition to correct fit and appropriate freedom of movement of the garment, this section now details
requirements that sleeves be fastened at the wrists, that shirts be tucked in, and that shirts, jackets, and
coveralls be closed up to the neck.
One way to safely increase the arc rating of clothing and remain compliant regarding undergarments is
proper layering.
Layering is not as simple as adding the arc rating of an undershirt with that of a coverall and coming up
with a total arc rating. Certain combinations DO work like that, but many do NOT.
The only way to accurately determine the arc rating of a combination of AR garments, or a layered system,
is to test the garments together, as they would be worn in the field.
NFPA 70E Annex M provides a concise summary of the rules that surround layering for arc protection:
M.3.2 It is important to understand that the total system arc rating cannot be determined by adding
the arc ratings of the individual layers. In a few cases, it has been observed that the total system arc
rating actually decreased when another arc-rated layer of a specific type was added to the system as the
outermost layer. The only way to determine the total system arc rating is to conduct a multilayer arc test on
the combination of all of the layers assembled as they would be worn.6
NFPA 70E PPE
130.7 (9) Personal and Other Protective Equipment.
(d) Coverage. Clothing shall cover potentially exposed areas as completely as possible. Shirt and
coverall sleeves shall be fastened at the wrists, shirts shall be tucked into pants, and shirts, coveralls,
and jackets shall be closed at the neck.
(e) Fit. Tight-fitting clothing shall be avoided. Loose-fitting clothing provides additional thermal
insulation because of air spaces. Arc-rated apparel shall fit properly such that it does not interfere
with the work task.
(f) Interference. The garment selected shall result in the least interference with the task but still
provide the necessary protection. The work method, location, and task could influence the protective
equipment selected.
6
NFPA 70E, Standard for Electrical Safety in the Workplace, National Fire Protection Association, 2015
NFPA 70E and the title Electrical Safety in the Workplace are registered trademarks of the National Fire Protection Association,
Quincy, MA.
28 | BULWARK.COM
IMPLEMENTATION
ELECTRIC UTILITY
The OSHA Regulations 1910.269 and 1926.960 are now aligned and require that all electric utility workers
wear arc-rated clothing with an APTV that is equal to or greater than the potential hazard.
Prior to recent OSHA updates, common practice was to adhere to the mandate that non-FR clothing may
not contribute to the injury of the wearer. That meant that many utility workers wore arc-rated shirts and
jackets along with non-FR cotton jeans or pants.
Current language states that workers who are facing potential arc hazards may not wear flammable
clothing as an outermost layer.
i
NEED TO KNOW
Bulwark FR has tested and arc-rated more than 150 different garment layering combinations.
RESOURCES
The Bulwark Layered Arc Rating
Calculator makes it easy to
determine the overall arc rating
of multiple layers of clothing,
while providing the peace of mind
knowledge that the individual
garments have been tested
together and are compliant.
You can find the Bulwark

Layered Arc Rating Calculator at
BULWARK.com.
30 | BULWARK.COM
IMPLEMENTATION
32 | BULWARK.COM
CARE & MAINTENANCE: PROTECTING
THE PPE INVESTMENT
Proper care and maintenance of FR/AR is essential to its
effectiveness. While most industry standards recommend
following the instructions provided by compliant garment
manufacturers, some standards offer specific guidance
and there are a few basic rules that apply across all
relevant standards.
CLEANING
When washing or laundering FR/AR clothing there are a few things to
note about the cleaning process and afterwards.
Stains and secondary accelerants

Additives and surface buildup
First, it is essential that garments be clear of all contaminants. But this

can be tricky because a garment that has been washed and looks clean
should still be inspected and assessed for residue and odor associated with
flammable chemicals or accelerants. A garment with visible stains may be
fine for use while one that appears clean could pose a threat to the wearer.
One way to be certain is by smell, because as long as the odors of oil,
solvents, or other potential accelerants linger, combustion is possible.
Second, there are certain things to be aware of during the washing process.
It is known that bleaches and peroxides can harm flame-resistant fabrics,

STAINS
but its not known how many washes will cause that to happen. One wash Visible stains are not
probably wouldnt hurt a garment too much, but beyond that, no ones necessarily a sign of
really sure. For that reason, bleaches and peroxides are not permitted. contamination, but a
garment that smells
Any kind of surface buildup may create a combustible layer that can of oils, solvents,
defeat the FR properties of the fabric. Obvious culprits are starch, fabric or any flammable
softeners, insect repellants containing DEET, and so on, but a not-so- substance must be
obvious source of dangerous buildup is hard water. Repeatedly laundering re-laundered
clothing in hard water can cause the gradual accumulation of mineral or retired.
deposits that may ignite.
NFPA 2113 GUIDELINES

6.1.1* Flame-resistant garments shall be kept clean.
6.1.2* New flame-resistant garments shall be washed or dry-cleaned at least once prior to their initial use.
6.1.3* Flame-resistant garments shall be cleaned in accordance with manufacturer instructions, or if

cleaning instructions are not provided, in accordance with the recommendations provided in ASTM
F2757-09, Standard Guide for Home Laundering Care and Maintenance of Flame, Thermal and Arc
Resistant Clothing, or ASTM F1449, Standard Guide for Industrial Laundering of Flame, Thermal, and
Arc Resistant Clothing.
6.1.4 Flame-resistant garments shall be laundered or dry-cleaned with such frequency so as to prevent
buildup of contaminants that reduce flame resistance.
34 | BULWARK.COM
CARE & MAINTENANCE
TOP LAUNDRY TIPS

Although there are no special processes or equipment needed for cleaning FR/AR clothing, there are a
few basic laundry guidelines that, if followed, will maximize protective capabilities along with the safety
and profitability of an FR investment.
1. Do not use any kind of bleach or peroxide

2. Do not use any additive that could build up and impede FR performance
3. Wash FR/AR garments separately
4. Turn FR/AR garments inside out to help color retention and preserve appearance
5. Use liquid detergent for best results
6. Avoid the hottest temperature to reduce the impact of shrinkage
7. For tough stains, soak garments in liquid detergent or non-bleach, non-peroxide pre-wash stain removers
8. For even tougher stains, Bulwark FR garments may be dry cleaned
9. Tumble dry on low setting and do not over dry
10. Rewash garments with lingering odor
AVOID
Insect repellent with DEET, spray
starch, liquid fabric softener,
detergents with peroxide, chlorine
bleach, and dryer sheets should
not be used on any FR garments.
RECOMMENDED
Only use liquid
detergents without any
special additives.
ASTM F1506 APPENDIX XI.3
XI.3.1 The garment manufacturer in conjunction with the fiber and fabric supplier should provide
instructions for the care and maintenance of protective wearing apparel. See Guide ASTM F2757,
Standard Guide for Home Laundering Care and Maintenance of Flame, Thermal and Arc Resistant
Clothing or See Guide ASTM F1449 Standard Guide for Industrial Laundering of Flame, Thermal, and
Arc Resistant Clothing concerning care and maintenance of protective garments.
Cited in full from ASTM F1506, (2010)
REPAIRING OR REPLACING
Beyond proper cleaning, the efficient and safe care and maintenance of STAINS
FR depends on regular and thorough inspection along with appropriate
repair and/or replacement.
The inspection, repair, and/or replacement of FR/AR garments is

covered in detail in industry standards.
Regular inspections should look for:
C
orrect fit (shrinkage can cause a garment to fit too tightly to be TEARS
effective as FR/AR protection)
Garment integrity (this means tears, rips, loose seams, holes, etc.)
Stains (particularly the oily, sticky, or smelly ones)
Repairs must be made with fabric and findings that match the
protection level of the original garment.
Garments that cannot be safely repaired must be removed from service.
NFPA 2113 INSPECTION
7.1.1* The organization shall develop a systematic inspection program for all flame-resistant garments
to confirm their serviceability.
7.1.2 The end user shall inspect flame-resistant garments for damage, soiling, or contamination after each use.
7.1.3 Inspections of flame-resistant garments shall be performed by the organization or the end user
following each cleaning and following any use where there was potential for damage or contamination.
7.1.4 All flame-resistant garments shall be inspected by the organization or the end user for fabric or
material damage.
7.1.4.1 The inspection shall include an examination of all components, including, if present, the outer
shell, lining, interlining, wind/moisture barrier, hardware, wristlets, and reinforcements.
7.1.4.2 Damaged flame-resistant garments shall be immediately removed from service.
7.1.4.3 The decision to repair or retire the damaged flame-resistant garments shall be made by the
organization.
7.1.5 All seams of the flame-resistant garment shall be inspected by the organization or end user for
thread or seam damage as evidenced by skipped, broken, or missing stitches.
36 | BULWARK.COM
CARE & MAINTENANCE
TIPS i
Using the viable fabric

from retired FR garments
for patches and repairs
is a safe and economical
way to extend the life of
FR clothing.
NFPA 70E GUIDELINES
(13) Care and Maintenance of Arc-Rated Clothing and Arc-Rated Arc Flash Suits.
(a) Inspection. Arc-rated apparel shall be inspected before each use. Work clothing or arc flash suits
that are contaminated or damaged to the extent that their protective qualities are impaired shall
not be used. Protective items that become contaminated with grease, oil, or flammable liquids or
combustible materials shall not be used.
(b) Manufacturers Instructions. The garment manufacturers instructions for care and maintenance of
arc-rated apparel shall be followed.
GLOSSARY OF COMMON PPE-RELATED ACRONYMS,
STANDARDS, REGULATIONS, AND TEST METHODS
AATCC: American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists - AATCC has served textile professionals
since 1921. It is internationally recognized for its standard methods of testing fibers and fabrics to measure
and evaluate such performance characteristics as colorfastness, appearance, soil release, dimensional
change, and water resistance. AATCC provides test method development, quality control materials, and
professional networking for thousands of members in 60 countries throughout the world.
ANSI: American National Standards Institute - ANSI enhances both the global competitiveness of
U.S. businesses and the U.S. quality of life by promoting and facilitating voluntary consensus standards
and conformity assessment systems and safeguarding their integrity. Since 1918, ANSI has overseen the
creation, dissemination, and use of thousands of norms and guidelines that directly impact businesses in
nearly every sector, from acoustical devices to construction equipment, from dairy and livestock production
to energy distribution, and many more. ANSI is also actively engaged in accrediting programs that assess
conformance to standards, including globally recognized cross-sector programs such as the ISO 9000
(quality) and ISO 14000 (environmental) management systems.
Arc Flash - An arc flash is a dangerous release of energy created by an electrical fault in open air due to
phase-to-phase or phase-to-ground contact.
Arc-Rated Clothing - This term indicates that a garment has been tested for exposure to an electric arc.
Flame-Resistant (FR) clothing without an arc rating has not been tested for exposure to an electric arc.
ASTM International - Originally known as the American Society for Testing and Materials, ASTM
International changed its name in 2001. ASTM International is an international standards organization
that develops and publishes voluntary consensus technical standards for a wide range of materials,
products, systems, and services. Some 12,575 ASTM voluntary consensus standards are used globally. ASTM
International has offices in Belgium, Canada, China, Mexico, and Washington, D.C.
ASSE: American Society of Safety Engineers - Founded in 1911, ASSE promotes the expertise, leadership,
and commitment of its more than 35,000 members worldwide while providing them with professional
development and standards development. ASSE is also a visible advocate for safety, health, and
environmental professionals through proactive government affairs at the federal and state levels and in
member-led relationships with key federal safety and health agencies.
ASTM D6413 - Standard Test Method for Flame Resistance of Textiles (Vertical Flame Test)
ASTM F955 - Evaluating Heat Transfer through Materials for Protective Clothing upon Contact with
Molten Substances
ASTM F1506 - Flame-resistant and Arc-rated Textile Materials for Wearing Apparel for Use by Electrical
Workers Exposed to Momentary Electric Arc and Related Thermal Hazards
ASTM F1891 - Standard Specification for Arc and Flame-resistant Rainwear
ASTM F1930 - Evaluation of Flame-resistant Clothing for Protection against Flash Fire Simulations Using an
Instrumented Manikin
38 | BULWARK.COM
ASTM F1958 - Determining the Ignitability of Non-flame-Resistant Materials for Clothing by Electric Arc
Exposure Method Using Mannequins
ASTM F1959 - Determining the Arc Thermal Performance Value of Materials for Clothing
ASTM F2302 - Standard Performance Specification for Labeling Protective Clothing as Heat and Flame-resistant
ASTM F2733 - Standard Specification for Flame-resistant Rainwear for Protection against Flame Hazards
ATPV: Arc Thermal Performance Value - ATPV is a value of the energy necessary to pass through any
given fabric to cause with 50 percent probability a second-degree burn based upon the Stoll curve. This
value is measured in calories/cm2.
CCHR: Conductive Compressive Heat Resistance - The CCHR rating of shoulder and knee areas,
when compressed, must equal the established base garment rating. This was intended to ensure that the
shoulder and knee areas would provide the same level of thermal protection when compressed as was
afforded by the remainder of the garment. The test is run in both wet and dry conditions.
Combustible Dust - Combustible dust refers to any finely divided particulate solid that, when suspended in
air, presents a flash fire or explosion hazard if exposed to an ignition source.
EBT : Energy Breakthrough Threshold - EBT is a measure of the energy a fabric can withstand without
breaking open of at least 0.5 in2 with 50 percent probability and preventing a second-degree burn.
Flame-Retardant v. Flame-Resistant - Flame-retardant chemicals impart the properties that make a fabric
flame-resistant.
Flash Fire - A flash fire is a rapidly moving flame front that expands through diffuse fuel without creating
blast pressure.
Hazard Risk Assessment - A hazard risk assessment is basically an assessment of the workplace to
determine if hazards are present and to determine what they are. In the context of PPE, the assessment
determines whether conditions exist that would make personal protective equipment necessary.
HRC: Hazard Risk Category - NFPA originally established HRC categories ranging from 0 to 4 which
were only utilized in NFPA70E to assist in matching Arc-rated clothing with energized tasks. HRC 0
allowed non-FR 100% cotton minimum protection for HRC 1 thru 4 ATPVs 4, 8, 25 and 40. Hazard Risk
Category (HRC) was replaced with PPE Category in the 2015 edition of NFPA70E.
IEEE: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers - IEEE is dedicated to advancing technological
innovation and excellence for the benefit of humanity through conferences, technology standards, and
professional and educational activities. It is designed to serve professionals involved in all aspects of the
electrical, electronic, and computing fields and related areas of science and technology. IEEEs roots go
back to 1884 when electricity began to be a major influence in society.
Incident Energy - The amount of thermal energy impressed on a surface, a certain distance from the
source, generated during an electrical arc event is called incident energy. It is typically expressed in
calories per square centimeter (cal/cm2).
Inherently Flame-Resistant Fabrics
Inherently flame-resistant fabrics are flame-resistant in and of themselves. These fibers are synthesized to
have permanent flame-resistant properties. These properties will not wear or wash out.
ISO: International Organization for Standardization - Established in 1947, ISO has published more than
19,500 international standards covering almost every industry, from technology to food safety to agriculture
and health care. These standards ensure that products and services are safe, reliable, and of good quality.
ISO standards are developed using a consensus process. Experts from 165 countries and 3,368 technical
bodies develop the standards that are required by their sectors, which results in the standards reflecting a
wealth of international experience and knowledge.
NESC: National Electrical Safety Code - Also known as ANSI Standard C2, NESC is a United States
standard of the safe installation, operation, and maintenance of electric power and communication
utility systems including power substations, power and communication overhead lines, and power and
communication underground lines
NFPA: National Fire Protection Association - Founded in 1896, NFPA is an international nonprofit focused
on fire, electrical, building, and life safety. NFPA develops more than 300 codes and standards to minimize
the possible effects of fire and other hazards and provides research, training, and education. NFPA
membership totals more than 70,000 individuals from around the world and more than 80 national trade
and professional organizations.
NFPA70E 2015 - Standard for Electrical Safety in the Workplace
NFPA 2112 2012 - Standard on Flame-Resistant Garments for Protection of Industrial Personnel against
Flash Fire
NFPA 2113 2012 - Standard on Selection, Care, Use, and Maintenance of Flame-Resistant Garments for
Protection of Industrial Personnel against Flash Fire
NFPA 652 2016 Standard on the Fundamentals of Combustible Dust
NFPA 654 Standard for the Prevention of Fire and Dust Explosions from the Manufacturing, Processing,
and Handling of Combustible Particulate Solids
NFPA 701 2010 - Standard Methods of Fire Tests for Flame Propagation of Textiles and Films
NSC: National Safety Council - NSC partners with businesses, government agencies, elected officials,
and the public to prevent unintentional injuries and deaths by providing knowledge and resources that
enable them to reduce risks, engage employees, measure progress, and continuously improve their
safety management systems. Founded in 1913 and chartered by Congress, the NSC relies on research to
determine optimal solutions to safety issues.
OSHA: Occupational Safety and Health Administration - With the Occupational Safety and Health Act
of 1970, Congress created OSHA to ensure safe and healthful working conditions by setting and enforcing
standards and by providing training, outreach, education, and assistance. OSHA standards are rules that
describe the methods that employers must use to protect their employees from hazards. There are OSHA
standards for construction work, maritime operations, agriculture, and general industry, which is the set
that applies to most work sites.
40 | BULWARK.COM
OSH Act of 1970 General Duty Clause (GDC) - The General Duty Clause reads as follows:
SEC. 5. Duties
(a) Each employer
(1) shall furnish to each of his employees employment and a place of employment which
are free from recognized hazards that are causing or are likely to cause death or serious
physical harm to his employees;
(2) s hall comply with occupational safety and health standards promulgated under this Act.
OSHA 1910.132
This requirement outlines the types of protective equipment that may be required, how that equipment is
to be provided, implemented, and maintained, and the variety of conditions that might necessitate personal
protective equipment.
OSHA 1910.147
This establishes minimum performance requirements for the control of hazardous energy when servicing
and maintaining machines and equipment that could unexpectedly energize.
OSHA 1910.269
Also known as 29 CFR 1910.269, OSHA 1910.269 is the federal regulation that defines worker safety
practices for power generation, transmission, and distribution installations, including related equipment
for the purpose of communication or metering that are accessible only to qualified employees.
OSHA 1926.950
This requirement addresses the construction of electric power transmission and distribution lines and
equipment. The term construction refers to building new electric transmission and distribution lines and
equipment as well as the alteration, conversion, and improvement of existing lines and equipment.
PPE: Personal Protective Equipment - PPE refers to protective clothing, helmets, goggles, and any other
garment or gear designed to protect the wearer from injury.
PPE Category - PPE Category replaces HRC in 2015 edition of NFPA70E. The 0 category was
eliminated in NFPA70E 2015 the minimum ATPVs for PPE Category 1 thru 4 are the same as they were
for HRC - the new PPE table only specifies PPE for work within the arc flash boundary.
Primary Protective Clothing - Primary protective clothing is designed to be worn only during work
activities where significant exposure to molten substance splash, radiant heat, and flame is likely to occur
(e.g., Firefighter Turnout Gear).
RPP: Radiant Protective Performance - RPP is similar to TPP, although it measures the insulating
performance of a fabric against radiant heat only.
Secondary Protective Clothing - Secondary protective clothing is designed for continuous wear in designated
locations where intermittent exposure to molten substance splash, radiant heat, and flame is possible.
TPP: Thermal Protective Performance - TPP is a measurement of a protective fabrics thermal insulating
performance against convective and radiant heat. A fabrics TPP score is simply two times the number of
seconds it takes for a second-degree burn to occur when exposed to a 2.0 cal/cm2 flame, as determined by
the Stoll curve. The TPP rating corresponds to level of protection.
THL: Total Heat Loss - THL is the amount of conductive (dry) and evaporative (wet) heat loss that occurs
through the three layers of a firefighters turnout ensembleouter shell, moisture barrier, and thermal liner.
THL is a great indicator of comfort.
Treated Fabrics - Treated fabrics are made of natural fibers and have a flame-retardant finish applied to
them. In the past, the flame-retardant was simply applied to the fabric. Today, the fabric is engineered.
All Bulwark garments made from treated fabrics are guaranteed to be flame-resistant for the life of the
garment, provided that the owner practices proper care and laundering, as directed by Bulwark.
UL: Underwriters Laboratories - Underwriters Laboratories is a U.S.-based, OSHA-approved, safety

consulting and certification organization.
VPPPA: Voluntary Protection Programs Participants Association - VPPPA provides occupational safety,
health, and environmental leaders with networking and educational offerings, up-to-the-minute legislative
information, industry advancements, preferred vendors and consultants dedicated to VPP, mentoring
opportunities, professional development, and volunteer opportunities. For more than three decades,
VPPPA has supported a network of participants from a wide variety of industries and 2,500 companies
and work sites that are involved in or in the process of applying to OSHAs or the Department of Energys
Voluntary Protection Programs (VPP).
BULWARK CUSTOMER CARE facebook.com/BulwarkFR

twitter.com/BulwarkFR
USA: 1-800-223-3372
linkedin.com/company/bulwark-fr
Canada: 1-800-667-0700
Distributors: 1-800-733-5271 youtube.com/user/BulwarkFRApparel
42 | BULWARK.COM
Bulwark, a brand of VF Imagewear, Inc. 2015-16 16051TU

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BULWARK FR HANDBOOK

OVERVIEW: WHY READ THIS?

Reading, comprehending, and keeping up with changes to these regulations and

The purpose of this booklet is to guide safety managers/employers through the

This booklet will explain:

Responsibility: Who is Responsible for What . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

Selection: Choosing the Right PPE for the Job . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

Implementation: Using PPE Correctly and Effectively in the Field. . . . . 23

Care & Maintenance: Protecting the PPE Investment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33

Bulwark Customer Care . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38

HAZARDS & INDUSTRIES

Oil & Gas Flash Fire

General Industry Electrical Arc Flash Protection

Electric Utility Arc Flash Protection

EASY TO FIND INDUSTRY STANDARDS

(a) Each employer -

(1) shall furnish to each of his employees employment and a place of

HAZARD RISK ASSESSMENT

Combustible dust refers to any fine particulate that, when suspended

As with hazard assessment, industry consensus standards may be used

NFPA 2113 SELECTION

(2)*Physical characteristics of the fabric

(3)*Garment construction and components (e.g., pockets, types of closures)

(4)*Avoidance of static charge buildup

(5)*Design type of the garment

(6)*Type of conditions under which the garments will be worn

(7)*Comfort properties of the fabric and garment

(8)*Cleaning and maintenance considerations

NFPA 70E PPE

130.7 Personal and Other Protective Equipment.

(C) Personal Protective Equipment (PPE).

APPENDIX E TO 1910.269 - PROTECTION FROM FLAMES

ASTM F1506 6.3 requires that:

Garments shall be labeled with the following information:

6.3.1 Tracking identification code system,

Thats a lot of label, but it shows specific compliance as opposed to labels

NFPA 2112 4.1 GENERAL

SO, WHATS IN A LABEL?

Check your labels!

NFPA 2113 A.5.1.1 TRAINING

NFPA 2113 CHAPTER 5

5.1.4 Flame-resistant garment collars shall be worn closed.

5.1.5 Sleeves and cuffs shall be worn down and secured.

NFPA 70E PPE

130.7 (9) Personal and Other Protective Equipment.

You can find the Bulwark

Stains and secondary accelerants

First, it is essential that garments be clear of all contaminants. But this

It is known that bleaches and peroxides can harm flame-resistant fabrics,

NFPA 2113 GUIDELINES

6.1.3* Flame-resistant garments shall be cleaned in accordance with manufacturer instructions, or if

TOP LAUNDRY TIPS

1. Do not use any kind of bleach or peroxide

ASTM F1506 APPENDIX XI.3

The inspection, repair, and/or replacement of FR/AR garments is

Regular inspections should look for:

Garments that cannot be safely repaired must be removed from service.

NFPA 2113 INSPECTION

7.1.4.2 Damaged flame-resistant garments shall be immediately removed from service.

Using the viable fabric

NFPA 70E GUIDELINES

ASTM F1891 - Standard Specification for Arc and Flame-resistant Rainwear

NFPA70E 2015 - Standard for Electrical Safety in the Workplace

NFPA 652 2016 Standard on the Fundamentals of Combustible Dust