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4.3 Reactions at Supports and Connections for

a Two-Dimensional Structure
161

Support or Connection Number of

Reaction Unknowns

Rocker Frictionless Force with known

Rollers line of action
surface

Short cable Short link Force with known

line of action

90

Collar on Force with known

frictionless rod Frictionless pin in slot line of action

or

2
a
Frictionless pin Rough surface Force of unknown
or hinge direction

or

3
a
Fixed support Force and couple

Fig. 4.1 Reactions at supports and connections.

When the sense of an unknown force or couple is not readily

apparent, no attempt should be made to determine it. Instead, the
sense of the force or couple should be arbitrarily assumed; the sign
of the answer obtained will indicate whether the assumption is cor-
rect or not.
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5.4 First Moments of Areas and Lines

225

Shape x y Area

h h bh
Triangular area C 3 2
y
b b
2 2

Quarter-circular 4r 4r r2
area 3 3 4
C C
r
y
Semicircular area O 4r r2
O 0
x 3 2

Quarter-elliptical 4a 4b ab
area 3 3 4
C C b
y
O 4b ab
Semielliptical O
x a 0
area 3 2

Semiparabolic a 3a 3h 2ah
area 8 5 3
C C h
y
Parabolic area O 3h 4ah
0
O 5 3
x a

a
y = kx 2
Parabolic spandrel 3a 3h ah
h
C 4 10 3
y
O
x

y = kxn n+1 n+1 ah

General spandrel h a h
n+2 4n + 2 n+1
C y
O
x

2r sin
Circular sector 0 r2
3
O C

Fig. 5.8A Centroids of common shapes of areas.