PRECAST IN SEISMIC

AREAS

Project presentation
Content

Basic facts
Industrialised construction in China- project
Target
Architecture
Structural design
Connections / detailing
Precast components
Comments from international experts
Project material
Reference precast buildings from major earthquake areas
Conclusions
BASIC FACTS
World seismic map
Basic Principles

The intensity of an earthquake is a measurement of the observed damage at a

particular location. This intensity will vary with distance from the epicenter and
depends on local ground conditions.
Fracture mechanisms

In seismic design ductile structures are preferred

Precast Seismic Systems
Typical ductile connections
Precast Seismic Systems
Industrialized building
construction in China
Project
Industrialized building construction for China
Target of the project
To develop:
A building system for industrially manufactured multi storey
apartment building

based on precast concrete building method

based on Nordic (Scandinavian) experience
modern Nordic industrialized building technologies (including
building services, thermal insulation, ecology, fast assembly,
quality, design etc.)
design according to Chinese needs and regulation (including
seismic evaluation).
Project phases

Local regulation

Urban planning
Project phases
Floor layout design

Architecture / outlook
Project phases

Structural design

Detailing

30.12.2013 Seismic Training 2014 / Olli Korander

Project phases

Fact book about Seismicity and Precast

Sustainability
Building services
Cost evaluation
Checking by experts from China and
New Zealand

Precast systems for Seismic Areas

Project Team

Elematic Oy
Peikko Group

JKMM Architects
Sweco
Finnmap Consulting
Airix Building services
Sweco PM

Suadi ( China )
Holmes Consulting ( New Zealand )

TEKES, the Finnish Funding Agency for Innovation

Architecture
Urban planning

Type Central City(inside outer Beyond Central City(outside outer

Ring Road) Ring Road)
Inside inner Outside New town Central Common
circle inner circle Village village
others
D FAR D FAR D FAR D FAR D FAR
High rise 25% 2.5 25% 2.0 25% 1.8 30% 1.0 30% 1.0
Housing
Architecture / floor layout
Architecture
Architecture / flexibility
Architecture / variations
Project characteristics
Section Description

Site Location China, Shanghai

Ground type Hard to Stiff Clay

Occupancy 14-Floors Precast Residential Building

Building area 5390 m

Construction type Precast concrete elements

Structural system Shear Wall system

PC Half Slab+ cast in situ Concrete

Floor system
Topping - Diaphragm

Lateral system Uncoupled wall system

Foundation system Piled foundation

Building Information Modeling (BIM)

Interoperability of Tekla structures, SCIA
Design process tools
Engineering, RFEM Dlubal, AUTOCAD,
and Excel.
Cross-sections
Structural system
Precast large wall panel / shear wall system
Reference material:
Chinese codes and standards
Eurocode 8, Eurocode 2
fib Commission 6 : Precast concrete buildings in seismic
areas - Practical aspects
PCI: Seismic design of Precast / Prestressed Concrete
Structures
Shear wall system

Shear wall ( large

panel ) systems
provide sufficient
horizontal stability
with proper
arrangements of
the walls in all
directions.
Calculations

PGA* 0,05 g ( low ) 1. 3D Modeling View

PGA 0,20 g ( high ) 2. Analysis and design

3. Floor design process

4. Wall and joints design process

5. Structure reactions
6. Eigenvalue Analysis

7. Structural Displacement and Damage

Limitations

8. Shear walls and Diaphragm results.

PGA= peak ground

acceleration
Load bearing walls, floor lay-out
Structural system
Precast Solid
Partition Wall
200 mm Balcony Solid precast
Cast-in-situ
Vertical connection Wall 200 mmm
Horizonatal wall
connection

Sandwich Precast Wall

Element Balcony Soild Slab
Bearing shell 160 mm 220mm
Insulation 100 mm
Facade 70 mm
Structural system / seismic forces
Seismic forces in low and high seismicity
Height Seismic shear Seismic shear
FL [zi] in X_ 0.2g in X_ 0.05g
m kN kN
1st Floor 2,8 5266.99 1938.13
2nd Floor 5,6 4220.53 1920.21
3rd Floor 8,4 4675.42 1889.21
4th Floor 11,2 4441.77 1841.21
5th Floor 14 4187.34 1750.98
6th Floor 16,8 3777.34 1648.44
7th Floor 19,6 2999.84 1535.76
8th Floor 22,4 3280.4 1411.56
9th Floor 25,2 2257.49 1278.16
10th Floor 28 2529.3 1133.56
11th Floor 30,8 2106.85 973.44
12th Floor 33,6 1646.47 789.21
13th Floor 36,4 1093.84 570.32
14th Floor 39,2 483.32 311.95

Height Seismic shear Seismic shear

FL [zi] in Y_ 0.2g in Y_ 0.05g
m kN kN
1st Floor 2,8 4420.1 1797.13
2nd Floor 5,6 4097.44 1745.18
3rd Floor 8,4 3473.93 1743.96
4th Floor 11,2 3242.59 1673.21
5th Floor 14 2951.62 1587.79
6th Floor 16,8 2805.92 1495.15
7th Floor 19,6 2672.42 1396.68
8th Floor 22,4 2630.34 1299.87
9th Floor 25,2 2478.32 1197.38
10th Floor 28 2324.55 1086.03
11th Floor 30,8 2060.16 956.93
12th Floor 33,6 1653.68 795.76
13th Floor 36,4 1164.41 595.13
14th Floor 39,2 512.63 327.28
Calculations
0.2g
Mode 1 Mode 2 Mode 1 Mode 2

0,769 sec 0,241 sec 1,069 sec 0,560 sec

[X-Dir.] [X-Dir.] [Y-Dir.] [Y-Dir.]
< XDir> < YDir >

0.05g
Mode 1 Mode 2 Mode 1 Mode 2

0.403 sec 0.123 sec 0.441 sec 0.300 sec

[X-Dir.] [X-Dir.] [Y-Dir.] [Y-Dir.]
< XDir> < YDir >
Material properties
Connections
Connections
Connections
Connections
Connections
3-D Modeling / building
Modeling / floor
Modeling / wall element
Project results
Checking, China
Suadi
Checking, New Zealand
Holmes Consulting Group
FE-Models
PKPM MODEL BY SUADI
Balcony is added as distributed load on
floor.
Rigid diaphragm floor is used.
Walls are not released. (The structures
analyzed more or less as cast in situ
concrete).
ETABS MODEL BY HOLMES
Balcony is added as attached element
to the structure.
Rigid diaphragm floor is used.
Walls are not released. (The structures
analyzed more or less as cast in situ
concrete).
RFEM MODEL BY FINNMAP
Balcony is added as attached element
to the structure. The balcony structure
is released from mean structure.
Rigid diaphragm floor is used.
Wall are released. (The precast
connections were considered in
analysis).
Some comparisons
Some comparisons
Recommended reinforcement principle
Recommended reinforcement principle
Main findings of checking

Loadings and deformations close to each others

Balanced floor lay-out, amount and location of shear walls
makes design easier and reduces forces and deformations
The latest findings of reinforcement principles of details,
increase ductility, anchoring of bars are implemented
Use of more ductile steel improves the structure
Conclusion

Seismic loads and actions are large compared to non-seismic

situations
Seismic design is more demanding than normal structural
design
Seismic design expertice is often local
Local codes follow often the principles of cast in situ

Precast buildings can be used in different seismic conditions

The design of connections is the key point