. read a poem.

a newspaper articte and a film

review; use reading strategies for reading
poetry.
o tatk about peopte, literature, music and fitms.
e listen to music and dialogues; use listening
strategies for matching people and opinions.
. write a film review.
e revise and learn more about the passive.

attractive, beautifut, breathtaking, bri[[iant,

effortless, elegant, gtamorous, good-tooking,
gorgeous, gracefut, handsome, impressive,
lovely, magnificent, a rea[ masterpiece,
perfect, picturesque, powerfu[, pretty, scenic,
striking, stunning, a thing of great beauty
{

t
'
F
Ea

Before you slart

I took at the pictures of different watts.

Use the Key Words to describe them and
discuss their different uses. Decide which
\ of the walts is rnost/least usefut.

KEY WORDS
adjacent to, admirabte, ditapidated,
huge, insignificant, magnificent, sotid, sotitary.
tiny, typicat, unique, unremarkabte
to decorate, to defend, to give shetter,
I, to give shade, to mark territory, to protect privacy,
to surround
t:
Reoding rlli;,
2 nead the poem. What are the uses of the watl ,0,
I" Ti
mentioned in the poem?
r$'w
3 nead the Strategies
,{d
' ql*d
wnrr
in a field in the County of Clamorgan. rr4
Reading Strategies: Reading Doetry "'!r
*,$ You won't find it named in any guidebook.
o Read a poem first to get the general -e'{{ It hes, plonk, in the middle of rising ground,
i ,,&{;,,
* :;
feeting. Don't worry if you only understand forty-four paces long, high as your eyes,
., ..:
r
a littte.
_t ,. :t it begins for no reason, ends no place.
Read the poem again more stowly. Think ,);' X No other walls are adjacent to it.
about the subject, the actions and the Seemingly unremarkable, it's just there,
,
feeti ngs. r stones of different sizes, different greys.
o ldentify parts of the poem you stit[ don't
understand. Read them again using a Don't say this wall is useless, that the grass
dictionary to hetp you. Remember word order , on the shadow side is much like the other.
is often different in poems, e.g. in a field in It exists for golden lichens to semle,
L for butterflies in their obstacle race
the County of Glomorgan refers to the wa[[ in
a fietd in the County of Gtamorgan. chasing each other to the winning post,
r Think about the images that the poem for huddling sheep in a slanting rainfall,
provokes, e.g. butterflies in their obstocle roce . for you to say, rhis wall
to the winning post = butterfties ftying here :i::::i'^.,.
and there, as if they are trying to win a race.

4 Use the Strategies. Decide if these

statements about the poem are true (T) or
fatse (F).

t I the watl is a poputar tourist destination. .'i|

2 I It is on the top of the hiLt. :

3 I It is less than two metres high. I-!.

*i
4 I It is part of a larger structure. :1

5 n It is buitt of different kinds of stone.

'$
6 I It doesn't offer any shade. ._,

7 I It is covered with flowers.

8 I It is used by animals. sl
 lfurfi(

Vocobulory: ldiomotic Longuoge

7 tttatclt the expressions with the pictures. Try to

work out the meaning of each. Then comptete the
sentences below with the expressions.
bee in her bonnet,
fish out of water,
let the cat out of the bag,
black sheep,
fly on the watt, l), B
bookworm,
rat race
3<
a

5 took at these ways of describing the same thing.

MrnpHon

butterfties chose eoch other in their obstocLe race

Srmtu
butterflies are like runners competing against each She's atways got her head in
other a novel - she's a real
I can't get used to this
Look at the list of things (1-6). Try to match them situation. I feel [ike a
with the images (a-f). Use similes to help you make 3 I'd love to be a when
those two have an argument!
sure of the meaning. Do you think they are good
images? 4 We tried to keep the party a secret.
But then someone -
Exampte 5 Modern life is such a - it's so
t Flowers in a botancal gorden ore like colourfuL competitive and stressfut.
strongers with Latin nomes. 6 She's got a about litter -
1 flowers in a botanical garden she's obsessed by it. -
2 a firework disptay 7 ALt the brothers were respectabte, except James -
he was the - of the famity.
3 an astronaut on a spacewalk
4 a chitd crying in its cot
8 Write five of your own sentences using the
5 an otd man watking
expressions.
6 a crowd entering a stadium -
a a parrot shrieking in its cage
m6
b a mutti-cotoured spider's web
c a baby and its umbilical cord
d ants going into their nest
e a tortoise moving honpurng hn(true
f colourful strangers with Latin names
Work in pairs. Discuss these questions.
o Who are the most famous poets in your [anguage?
6 Work in pairs. Write suitable images for these Who is your tavourite?
situations. o Are there any simitar idiomatic expressions in your
Exampte language tike the ones in Exercise 8?
a ship in a storm = a Leof in the wind
. a ship 'in a storm
. a baby trying to walk
. a fashion parade guoTE,.... uNgUOTf,
. trees in winter fiost people i{nore rnost poetry tecarrse
o people at a party rnost poetry i{nores rnost people.'
drian Mitch.ll, briush poet
Tett the ctass your images. Choose the best ones.
Before you star
1 took at the photos. What
is your reaction to these
works of art?
2 Guess the answers to
these questions about the
photos.
1 How long do you think
took to make them?
2 What materials are they
made of?
3 How poputar were they?
4 Why do you think they
were made?
3 neaU the article and check
your guesses in Exercise 2.
Revision: Ihe Possive
4 Comptete the tabte with
examples of passives from
the text.
Present Continuous
Past Continuous
be going fo + infinitive
moda[ + infinitive
modal + perfect infinitive
People, bridges, Duildings, tivers, valleys, even entire
coastlines and islands, hAve all been wrapped up by the
Eulgarian a:tist, Chlisto, lris French wile, JeannsGlaude,
and their team of helpers, Stephen Tleasure repos.
ne of their most spectacular proiects was called Surrounded
tf
ar:ii.T:i*xi::t'n;':ff ili:.il"#::"J:i:i"
was wrapping up the German Parliament building which couldn't have been
done before the fall of the Berlin Wall. Many people thought rhar permission
it wouldn't be given, and some thought the project should never have been
allowed. Howeven when the wrapping of the Reichstag in golden fabric had
finally been completed, the glowing building received international acclaim, and
Christo loved being appreciated.Their most recent project was called'The
Gates'. ln 2005,7,503 gates were put up in Central Park, NewYork.The gates
were made of saffron-coloured nylon and were nearly five metres high.
Two or three new projects are currently being developed by Christo and his
team. One of them is in Colorado in the USA where the Arkansas River will
be covered by l0 kilometres of luminous, translucent fabric.The fabric is going
to be suspended above the river so that the work of art can be seen from
both above and below.Thousands of people will be needed to complete this
feat of engineering. Christo manages to do all this without being given any
money - his prolects are financed completely by the sale of his drawings
through galleries and over the lnternet.
Christo's works of art are dismantled after only rwo or three weeks but
hundfeds of visitors manage to see them.When the Reichstag was being
displayed it attracted huge numbers of visitors from around the world.
Howeven his work still tends to be criticised. "What's the point of it all? Why
bother when it takes so long?" Christo replies that their work is a kind of
architecture and they use space, light and texture to make beautiful things.
Presentotion
worb of aft arc 4i*uaatdlzl,
5 Uatch the underlined verb forms in the
sentences (1-3) below with the names
(a-c).
1 The project should never have been altowed.
2 Christo loved being appreciated.
3 His work stit[ tends to be criticised.
a passive gerund
b passive infinitive
c passive perfect jnfinitive
Find one more example of each verb form in
the text.
 Deanftl

9 Chang. the sentences into passive. Use'by ...'only

if necessary.
1 Gustav Eiffel designed the Eiffel" Tower in Paris. .

2 Athens wi[[ organise the next European year of

cutture.
3 Peopte expected Ted Hughes to win the NobeI Prize
for literature.
4 The police were transporting a Van Gogh painting
from Amsterdam to London when the rain damaged it.
5 Someone has sto[en a Picasso from the Louvre.
6 United Artists are making a new Harry Potter fitm.
7 An artist is going to cover the Kremtin in red fabric.
8 Someone shoutd have supported Mozart financially so
that he coutd write more music.

6 u.t.tt the reasons for using the passive (a-c) with 10 Ctlang" the verb in brackets into the passive
the sentences (1-3) from the text.
infinitive, passive perfect infinitive or passive gerund.
a to focus on the action rather than the doer Exampte
b to put special emphasis on the doer 1.I hote being treated like a chiLd.
c to avoid having a long subject in an active sentence
1 Peop[e, bridges, buitdings, rivers and va[[eys, have a[[ 1 I hate (treat) tike a chjLd.

been wrapped up by the Butgarian artist, Christo.

2 It's nice (give) something you've atways
wanted to have.
2 The fabric is going to be suspended above the river.
3 J.F. Kennedy may (assassinate) by a
3 His projects are financed completely by the sate of his
madman.
drawings through galleries and over the Internet.
4 lt'shard to play football without (kick) by
other players.
7 Where are you more tikely to see or hear passive Everybody wants (tike) and
sentences? (respect).
. newspapers . informal letters ' scient'ific artictes Seat belts must (fasten) during take-0ff and
r conversations [anding.
-
7_ (praise) in pubtic can be quite embarrassing.

I Grammsr Summary 4, page 147. 8 There is a suspicion

- that the'Mona Lisa' may not
(paint) by Leonardo da Vinci.

Prorlice
1 I newrite this newspaper report using passive
structures when they are more suitable.
8 Rewrite the dialogue and the newspaper story
betow so that they sound natural. Change the passive
into active in the dialogue and the active into passive
in the newspaper story.
A How was your weekend?
B 0K. Footbatl was pl"ayed by me and the game was lost
by our team. What about you?
A I was met by a friend in the street and a film was
seen by us at the cinema.
B Was it enjoyed by you?
A Yes, the ending was really loved by me and my friend.
Museums used to be
man
man called Frank Geh*
Gehry.
and r,,"*,
dull an, -,^_Il"T
dustyplaces. Then
along came a
They awarded rrank cJhro
The police arrested three men today. The Museum in Bilhan *. ,^.::ll. ..hjtect of the Guggenheim
police chased them for twenty minutes and #:iffi
w-eek. i.T::
People : ]41d;;
have called hi lZth
iljiif,ffi fi last
"rqar torrchttecture i,
of
oi the 2lst "/ rcenturyBaroque
Lsrrtury
'rr baroaue architect
the police caught them when a lorry hit 2.lst cenfrrrv His ,-_^Ti
century ,0" late is
ts
architecr
Project in Seatrrp the
tne Experience
their car. The polic'e took the men to Ho r-.,^-tl,olldt:g
Seattle.'He daisr-'"q!'lwur Musi
Music
that
thar someone f,ua
a ruuK
" ,r rv I:?k like
trxe an eJectric guitar
Scotland Yard for questioning. _"r,.;-nI: ll
hart ,.frcJli:
rhebuiiding,,or.on.rub.r;ffiiiiJli.,,iJ"i",fl
rhe buitding, someon
,.^jllTloi':ing-ly, when they opened
*it
d'}3
,
rlrr@e,lt1twqe!ry{Eqw{ryqtrsew:rslf
 l5 n,ttr\,

s
*

Before you start

Q 1 t-isten to the extracts from film music and

match them to the photos. Which music do
you like most? Why?

C) 2 lirt.n again. Which of the Key Words would

you use to describe the music?

KEY WORDS:
catchy, dramatic, exciting, haunting, livety,
monotonous. moving, romantic, sad, scary,
senti mentat, si nister, soothi n g, soppy, tear-jerki ng,
tedious, terrifying, thoughtful

O 4 lirt.n to two people tatking about music. Use the

[islening Strategies to decide who had these opinions - write
M (man), W (woman) or B (both).
3 ReaU the Strategies. topic opinion topic

Liqlerylg Jtr4eg!91 1T
rrt
llr
Franz Ferdinand are a very good band.
Matching people and opinions 2n Franz Ferdinand are [ike many other groups.

Under[ine the 'tooic' word in each ooinion and 3n Rap music is boring and the words aren't very nice.
important opinio'n words (usuaU.y adjectives). 4n Rap is strong stuff.
a Decide if the opinions are positive or negative. 5T Techno music is quite good.
a As you [isten, identify the 'topic'words and
wrjte down any opinion words you hear.
6n Some of the new rock bands are not bad.

Decide if the opinion words are synonyms or 7[ CotdpLay put on exciting 'tive' shows.

-::r:'tes of the words you underlined.

|) .-,.=-:':'to the intonation used when
8tr Some of the otd rock bands are not bad at alt.

_ j-: _r-^__^^:_
el Led Zeppetin were a great heavy metaI group.
.. :: - "-_ l:::'eelng. 10tr The Beatles were better than the Rotting Stones.

Do you agree or disagree with the opinions above?

 5 look at the Function Fite. Which expressions are Pronunciolion
- - ".i.

. :: 'rtroduce an opinion? O g Listen to the sounds. words, expressions and the

:: ask for agreement? intonation. Which of these do they express? Then
." :, show disagreement? listen again and repeat the expressions.
. :: ask another person's opinion? strong agreement indecision
. :: show agreement? a d
b agreement e hesitant disagreement
c hesitant agreement f strong disagreement
Giving 0pinions: Agreeing and
: Disagreeing
Speuking
,. 1 I think ifs really great, don't you?
2 Personally, I'm not that keen on that sort 9 Work in pairs. Tett your partner about your tastes in
: of music. music. Agree or disagree with your partner.
: 3 Ifs not realty my thing. Dont you think they
copy a lot of other bands? Example
4 I don't think that's fairl A I think U2 are realLy greot!
5 WetL, if you ask me, rap's horrible.
B Do you? If you ask me, they're ancient. I |ike rop
6 And, to be honest, the music's just boring.
groups.

It's nearly always the same, isn't it? A I'm not keen on rop music.

7 Thafs not the point. B Don't you like Eminem?

8 Do you like techno music? A No, not really.

9 Me too. I [ike the faster stuff.

10 So do I.
11 That's true. Cotdplay are pretty good. And their
o After
10 Wort< in groups. Listen to some musical extracts.
each piece of music, take turns to give your
concerts are supposed to be loud and lively. opinions about it.
Do you think they're good?
t2 I'm not sure.
13 But don't you like the Rolting Stones? Vocobulury: MulTi-porT Verbs with furn
14 I have to admit they're good.
15 But wouldn't you agree that the Beattes ffi
Lexicon, pages 17t-176
were better? tr
16 No, I wouldn't!
1 1 Comptete the sentences with the particles down,
up, off, or on.

-l 6 tisten to the conversation again and check your 1 He turned an hour late for the meeting!
answers. 2 The dog suddenly turned me and bit me on
the leg.
7 l,tatch these questions (1-4) with their meanings 3 She turned the job offer because she wanted
(a-d). more money.
4 He turned his cottar to keep his neck warm.
7 Don't you Like the Stones? 5 Just after the [ights, turn the main road into
2 Do you think their concerts are good? our street.
3 Do you l"ike the Stones? 6 I quite Liked him, but I was turned by the
4 Don't you think their concerLs are good? ring through his nose.
a Are the Stones one of your favourite groups?
b I Like the Stones, don't you?
c Are thejr concerts any good?
d Their concerts are great, aren't they? PUOTE .... UNpUOTE
'Mrtsic can nayhe the unnaynatle and conm.,nicatc
the unLnorr'atle.'
Leonard bernstein, rnerican corhposer

e
 $lriting
Belore you sturt

t I Read the fitm review

and match paragraphs
A-D with the foltowing
headings.

r good and bad points

.
I
o basic information
a about the film
r conctusion and
recommendation
o brief summary of
the ptot

2 linLing. Comptete the

gaps in the text with
these words.
a[t things considered,
atthough, however,
in the end, atso, because,
one day, such as, which, Amelie (zoor)
who
& Amelie was directed by Jean-PaulJeunet. lt had its first showing on z5th April zoor
and it stars Audrey Tautou.

s Ametie is a young woman who lives in Paris. 1 comes across a box full
of things 2 belonged to the previous tenant. Ametie decides to find the man
owns the box and give it back to him. Throughout the film, she spends a
-she
lot of time trying to make other peopte happy but, 4 , discovers that she has
-
to take care of her own happiness first (which she finds at the side of Nino).

C The fitm deats with probtems 5 -

loneliness in a city and the conflict between
dreams and the real world. lt 6 raises a moral issue: how much we can
influence other people's lives. Most importantly, 7 it is a fitm about human
-
kindness and being good to other people. The fitm is neither a romantic comedy nor
-
a fairy tale. lt is a modern story with a happy ending, fitmed in strong, warm cotours
with brittiant music by Yann Tiersen. 8 the-,
fitm has got its critics, I fett that
only one or two scenes were weak.

h 9 Amelie is a very special film- that either touches you deepty or at least
makes Vou think. 1o Amelie is not a big Hotlywood production, I believe it
can speak more intimately to each of us about truth and beauty. I would recommend
it -,
to anyone who enjoys artistic films.
 lvuwq

3 I-oot at these examples from the text [islening

for tatking about two alternatives.
. ... neither a romantic comedy nor a fairy
ta[e
. ... either touches you deepty or at least
makes you think

How use the cues to write sentences using

either... or and neither ... nor.

Example
t The film wos set in either the 1920s or the
L9i0s.

1 film / set in 1920s (?) / 1'930s (?)

2 directed / Steven Spielberg (?) / George
Lucas (?)
3 fitm / romantic (X) / funny (X)
4 star / Julia Roberts (?) / Sandra Butlock
(?)
5 fitm / good special effects (X) / good
music (X)

A tilm Review
Belore you slurl
Write a film review about one of your
favourite films. Foltow the stages. Look at the photo. What do you think they're tatking about?
Which of the people do you think is doing most of the talking?
Wrtfing Help 4, page 139.

A Conversaton
Stage I
I Use the headings in Exercise 1 to make Listen to the conversation and answer the questions.
notes about the film.

Stoge 2
Q 1 listen and find out the subject of their conversation. Who
interrupts other people most: Richard, Sue or Kate?
Write your review in four paragraphs.

Q Z Listen again. Answer the questions by writing R (Richard).

Stoge 3 S (Sue) or K (Kate) in the boxes.
Check your writing.
1 n Who suggests having a disco?
2 T Who doesn't [ike the idea of a disco?
Tolkbock
Work in groups. Read each other/s fitm
3 f Who [ikes the suggestion of having a folk group?

reviews. Which sounds tike the best fitm?

4 T Who retuctantly accepts the suggestion of a fo[k group?
5 T Whose idea for the art exhibition is accepted?
6 n Who wou[d [ike to have two films about the same subject?
7 T Who can't stand spy fitms?
8 tr Who reatly loves old bLack and white sitent fi[ms?
9 T Who isin charge of looking for films?
10 T Who suggests ending the conversation?
 Communicotion Worksh
Speoking
i
Before you slorl
1 Listen to extracts from the
O Foltow the stages.
conversation in the Listening Workshop.
Classify the way in which the people
interrupt each other.
a a polite interruption
b a rude/abrupt interruption
c a faited interruption
'm Htafi'wn
Colloquial Expressions
2 mat.h these cotloquial expressions
(1-8) with their meanings (a-h).
1 I'm sick and tired of discos.
2 We're al.[ bored to death with
schooI discos.
3 We've had loads and loads of them.
4 I won't make a song and dance
about it.
5 Hang on a second.
6 No, they're reatly corny.
7 They're right up your street.
8 Just a few bits and pieces.
a a great deal
b wait a moment
c fed up
d exactly what you like
e old-fashioned and uninteresting
f extremely bored
g sma[[ items
h a fuss
t
Plannng An Event
,Arts Week'for your school or university.
Ptan an
Stoge I
tndividuatty, decide what sort of events you would like to have.
Choose from this list or think of others.
. a play o a poetry reading o a classical concert
o a photo competition . otd 'silenf films
2
Stoge
Wor[ in pairs. Discuss your ideas. Try to use expressions from the
Function File in Lesson 15 and the Chatroom.
Example
A Don't you think we should have ...
B No, I don't. They're reaLLy cornY!
Stoge 3
Read the Strategies.
Speaking Strategies:
Tating turns in group dlscussions
r Don't dominate a discussion. Give your opinions and ask the
others what they think.
. Show interest in what the others are saying. Use words like
'i g h{,' a bsolutell and' exactlll and sounds Like' m m"
. If you realty need to interrupt, interrupt politety! Wait for the
other person to pause first.
Stage 4
Work in groups of three or four. Decide the events for your Arts
Week and finatty choose a celebrity to open it.
Tolkhock
Tett the class what your group decided.
1 fnint of a ptace in your country that you know wetl and Relerence (2): Pronouns

think is beautiful. SaY whY.

Grommar Summary, Page 149.
Read the information about an area of Engtand.
woutd you
2
firctovisitit?Why/Whynot?Whatthingswoutdyoutiketo 3 toot at the words in red and undertine the
do there? parts of the text that they refer to.

r ookins for somewhere to go away for a long weekend? At 4 UnderLine the parts of the sentences that
Lni, tiir. of vear, there is nowhere better than the which refers to in each case.
L unspoilt countryside of South Shropshire' Onhills'
the borders
of Englan and Wales, it is full of beauty, with high 1 ... it is fuLL of beauty, with high hil[s, wooded
all of countryside and picturesque towns and
*oodd countryside and picturesque towns and villages'
which means that it is an ideal place to visit' viltages, al.L of which makes it an ideal ptace
the to visit.
It is probably sensible to base yourselves in Ludlow' which is
biggst town in the district' As the well-known
local historian' 2 ... base yoursetf in Ludlow, which is the
oiiia Ltoya, has said,'there are few towns like ours in Britain biggest town in the area.
with such fine architecture.' It has a breathtaking castle and a Other places worth a visit are the castte,
churchtowerthatonecanseefrommilesandmilesaway.Cross which defended the town against the Wetsh'
the medieval bridge over the River Teme and enter the
town Ludtow is onty 150 mites from London,
will find yourself in
through a gate in ihe old town walls' You which makes it a great ptace for a weekend'
B.ouJSt...t with its impressive 18th century houses'
in
Architecturally, this is one of the most famous streets in bold in the text find:
castle' which 5 Among the words
England. Other places worth a visit are the
defended the town against the Welsh, and St Laurence's'
a
things
a two personal pronouns (subject and object)
just of the
spectacular medievai church' These are some
b two reflexive Pronouns
that make Ludlow a very special town' c two indefinite Pronouns
As well as seeing these sights, there are plenty
of others to visit d a possessive Pronoun
Mortimer and
in the area suclr as the hiitoric towns of Cleobury
good idea to visit
e a possessive adjective
Bishops Castle. If you like castles, it's a
Wigmore Castle' the
f three retative Pronouns
picturesque Stokeiay Castle or the ruins-of
g a demonstrative Pronoun
i.ut of t. powerfuL Mortimer family' Tl-rey are amongst the
scores of castles in the area'
There are also plenty of things to do for those who
like the 6 Wtrictr of these words do not express the
outdoor life. Go canoeing on the river Teme or hang
gliding same meaning as one in the sentence below?
walkers'paradise' with
from Clee Hill. South Shiopshire is also a

Mortimer's Tiail that goes from Ludlow through Mortimer's, a you b everyone c anyone d this person

Forest to the Welsh boider. If you have children' drop

in to The
they can Ludlow has a church tower thqt one con see from
Secret Hills Discovery Centre in Craven Arms where
themselves at the same time' miles and miles owaY'
learn all about the area and enjoy
There are plenty of good hotels and restaurants in Ludlow
and
tl.reir food has an exiellent reputation' Three restaurants hold @ More practice, Language Powerbook, page 56'
when
the famous Michelin star, which is really quite surprising
you think that there are only several of them in the whole
.ountry. In addition, Ludlow is only 150 miles from London'
which makes it a great place for a weekend'
 ril i5
'.4t,
iii r:.r,:r r,:'r
aI
ew ;::; .r, it ti::

/'q:i;'lti:i
rlt,3.j,l dit
'i,, \:,i*7fi
Revi 1;:!.:

Grommor
1 Complete each gap with the best answer: a, b, c
or d.

with concern
LoN DoN Fashion
week :'"::1 ]":::':,nt
I"''""'';;;.t"*o control and safetYr
i,=*."ifi
Yesterday the :i:,i"i?iilJ."i:Tili,--":',::'ff;
Brtusn Fiar rrv'
nar rncil
. Security
;;";;i, ppeaea ror more.ny:::^^ * "ontioi""""-
i,""L"3?i;3:%"i';ilil""*fli'i;""'=il'f I
=--:- il v: ::: *?:L J::'
i::i:i:ii'""'
fl
li ii:iill to Keep rrr uqrs'
iiJS' ""*-''n
:, :*" f ,i:..fi".:'
'j::ru;il;'i":'""o-n:*n::i;,,"'J#;
6 '--I
:aff who persuaded
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-the

1 a) expressing b) being expressed c) was expressed d) to express

2 a) who b) what c) which d) that
3 a) showing b) being shown c) to be shown d) shown
4 a) being hurt b) hurting c) hurt d) to be hurt
5 a) trying b) tried c) to try d) to have tried
6 a) Left b) was leaving c) was left d) [eaving
7 a) recognised b) be recognised c) was recognising d) was recognised
8 a) attow b) to altow c) be altowed d) to be attowed
9 a) trapped b) was trapped c) were trapped d) to be trapped
10 a) teft b) was left c) [eaving d) was leaving
11 a) have been organised b) be organised c) organise d) was organised
12 a) to surround b) being surrounded c) surrounding d) have been surrounded

2 loin these sentences using defining and non-defining relative clauses.

Example
7 Street artists, who are respected more in Europe, con get thousands of dollars for their paintings.

Street artists are respected more in Europe. They Iwent to an art ga[[ery. There was an avant-garde
can get thousands of dollars for their paintings. exhibition there.
My sister is sixteen. She had her eyebrows pierced Jeans used to be considered working ctothes. They
yesterday. became fashionabte among young people.
Peopte spray paint on watts. They are spoiling the Tom's father plays the cetlo. Tom wants to be a
environment. musician.
Merchandise is sold on the Internet. It has an 9 Some graffiti artists have moved into designing
enormous market. products. They can make a lot of money.
Pameta bought a big desk. She put it near the 10 He marked the area near her navet. He had
window. disinfected her there.
 fu*ft(

3 fxpand the sentences by adding participte clauses Vocobulory

after the underlined nouns.
6 Comptete these sentences with the correct form of
Exampte
get, hove or make.
! 'BLode' designs T-shirts, using speciol computer software.
Yesterday, we 1 a meeting and 2

a look at the figures. SaLLy 3

1'B[ade' designs T-shirts.
a good point. She
2 'Surrounded Istands' was a work of art.
thought that the Internet 4 big effect on
3 The jaguar stared straight ahead.
sates. She thought we were 5 a big mistake if
4 I think graffiti is an eyesore. we didn't 6
5 The music was very moving.
- 7
our own website. She thinks that
if you want to it in business and
6 The Beast totd Beauty he loved her.
-a days, you need one. Mind
to the top these
you, she's only interested in 9 money and
4 Comptete the text with the verbs in brackets in a 10 -
promotion.
suitable form, active or passive.
7 Comptete the sentences with down, from, off or up.

Virtual Reality Art 1 You can't get away _ graffiti nowadays.

1
-
2 She turned [ate, as usual!
Examples of the new 'virtual reality aft' 3 He turned the offer of a job abroad.
(show) at the Inter Communication Centre in Tokyo. 4 He turned the main road just before the station.
"The Cave" 2 atacostof over 5 Foreign players make _ about hatf the team.
$t million. The viewer 3 (put on) special
g!ses ffid4 (confront) by awooden Pronuncislion
puppet. If the puppet s (move), the three
6
-(build)
dimensional world (tnist) and 8 put these verbs into two groups according to how
you pronounce the letter's' - /sl or /z/.
7 - moving world
(turn). This
8 - (accompany) by music and sounds. advertise, advise, compose, design, discove display,
escape, inspire, practise, recognise, suspend, visit
A similar exhibit e _ - (build) in the USA.
10
Computer graphics (combine) with Group 1 /s/ discover,... Group 2 fzf adverlise, ...
- images which
3-D 11 (proiect) on the walls
- ceiling, and the viewer 72
and (take) on a f) tisten and check your answers. Repeat the words.

tour of what seems ke another dimension. As one expert

O 9 lirt"n and repeat these sentences.
13 -
(point out) recently, the rise of the
'Nintendo generation' 14 (cause) artand 1 She strode along the catwa[k in a stunning dress.
game cultures 15 - (merge).
2 Modern lifestytes can be stressfut.
3 That striking design was inspired by graffiti.
4 I think that stogans sprayed on watts are an eyesore.
- 5 We stared at the breathtaking sunset.
5 Rewrite the sentences
- using the words given in
brackets.
- 10 Can you say this proverb? Use the phonetic chart
1 In the end, they totd me to wait for another hatf an on the inside back cover to help you.
hour. (I)
twt/<"e,eql,, t oat toll,to ulaltfor a/a"nt/ae/ ha.lf hnul. /'bjurtir Iz m ir ar ev a btheulder/
^/.t
2 These days many peopte have got tattoos. (you) 1 1 language Awareness Rewrite the two sentences as
one.
3 My sister lives in Spain now and she's coming to visit
me in Warsaw. (who) 1 BiLl.Ctinton wit[ give a speech on disarmament. The UN
have invited him to their next session.
4 It worries me that there is more and more viotence in Bit[ C[inton
the media. (which) 2 Potand won two medals at the Winter 0tympics. This
gave them 22nd place in the finaI classification.
5 You didn't do the right thing in missing the class Poland
yesterday! (shouLd) 3 The 2-year-o[d boy got the necessary hetp at hospitat.
The potice found hi m in the forest.
6 They had to close down the museum shortly after its The 2-year-oLd boy
opening. (be) 4 The children wi[[ get a free lunch. Their parents paid
for the trip.
The children
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1 took at the maP and ctassifY the
countries according to the fottowing groups'
. English spoken as a first language
. English spoken as a second language -
is used in schoots and universities and
as a lingua franca
. Engtish spoken widely as a foreign
[anguage
O 2 litt"n to the first part of a lecture
check your answers to Exercise 1.
O 3 litt"n to the second part of the lecture'
Match these dates with the events betow'
1.788, 1806, 7782, 1"840, 1.607 , 1'848
f) 4 t-itten again. Are these sentences true or false?
1 At the time of the US independence there were thirty states'
2 American Engl'ish borrowed words from Native
it American [anguages'
3 Noah Webster chnged the spel'ling of many Engtish words'
4 Canadians do not use American words'
5 Austratian EngLish has simitarities with a London'cockney'
accent.
6 New Zeatand Engtish sounds very different from Austratian
Eng [ish.
and
O 5 litten to six peopte tatking. Use the ctues to identify
their accents.
American, Austratian, New Zeatand,
Canadian, Jamaican. South African

t the first Prison cotonY in

O 6 litt.n again and answer these questions'
Austratia
2- British Loyalists move north into 1 Which of the varieties of Engtish sound very similar?
Canada 2 Which do you find most difficul"t to understand?
3- the first British cotonY in 3 Which do You find the easiest?
Virginia
4- Webster's Dictionary of Ameican
7 Wort< in pairs. Discuss these questions'
EngLish
5- the treatY between the British 1 What are the positive aspects of Engtish being a gtobal
and the Maoris in New Zeatand [anguage?
6- the start of massive emigration 2 What are the negative asPects?
from Central EuroPe to the USA