Professional Documents
Culture Documents
), MEDICAL
NEWTON CLASSES + BOARD, NDA, FOUNDATION
Chapter 12
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Solutions
LI SECTION - A
A
Objective Type Questions
1. Which of the following structures show unlimited growth in plants?
ON A
(1) Leaves (2) Flowers (3) Fruits (4) Roots
C
Sol. Answer (4)
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Roots, stems show continuous, indeterminate growth due to presence of apical meristem.
Leaves, fruits, flowers show closed, determinate growth due to intercalary meristem.
RA
(1) Meristematic cells (2) Companion cells (3) Sieve cells (4) Parenchyma cells
Sol. Answer (1)
These cells are in state of continuous division i.e, they are capable of self perpetuation, have power to
continue indefinitely through division.
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7. Which parameter is used to measure the growth in flat organs like leaves?
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(1) Increase in dry weight (2) Increase in cell size
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(3) Increase in surface area (4) Increase in length
Sol. Answer (3)
The parameter is used for measuring growth in flat organs like leaves are surface area.
8.
LI
Which of the following is difficult to measure directly?
A
(1) Increase in protoplasm content (2) Increase in surface area
(3) Increase in dry weight (4) Increase in volume
ON A
Sol. Answer (1)
C
M
Increase in protoplasm content is difficult to measure, while surface area, volume and dry weight measurement
are easy.
(1) Meristematic phase (2) Reproductive phase (3) Maturation phase (4) Elongation phase
Sol. Answer (4)
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RA
WT
During this phase cell elongates due to deposition of new materials inside cell wall of cell.
10. Which phase of a sigmoid curve explains the initial phase of growth when growth rate is very slow?
R.
(1) Log phase (2) Lag phase (3) Stationary phase (4) Maturation phase
Sol. Answer (2)
Growth
Exponential
Lag
Time
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5 5 Growth per unit time
100 100 Relative growth rate = 100
20 25 Intial size
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25% 20%
13. What happens to the growth of roots during water logging conditions?
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(1) Growth is accelerated (2) Growth is inhibited
A
(3) Growth remains constant (4) First growth is accelerated and then stops
Sol. Answer (2)
ON A
Oxygen deficiency occurs due to water logging, thus growth is inhibited.
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14. Which of the following is not a function of water in plants?
(1) It is responsible for cell elongation (2) It maintains the turgidity of cells
(3) It acts as a source of energy (4) It provides medium for enzymatic activities
.
It is not producing energy. It helps in maintaining turgidity, cell elongation and in enzymatic activities.
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RA
15. Which abiotic factor is not essential for early growth of the plant but growth is sustained only in its presence?
WT
Abiotic means non-living. Light is not required for early growth but growth will continue only in its presence.
Water, nutrients, oxygen are required for early growth.
16. Which factor determines the direction of movement of main root and stem?
(1) Oxygen (2) Gravity (3) Temperature (4) Nutrients
Sol. Answer (2)
17. Tracheids do not collapse under extreme tension due to the presence of
(1) Strong, elastic lignocellulosic secondary cell wall (2) Thick, cellulosic primary cell wall
(3) Thin, elastic, cellulosic primary cell wall (4) Thick, hard suberised secondary cell wall
Sol. Answer (1)
Because tracheids have made themselves strong, elastic etc by process of differentiation i.e., specialised for
particular function.
18. Cork, secondary cortex and secondary xylem are formed through
(1) Dedifferentiation (2) Redifferentiation (3) Differentiation (4) Obliteration
Sol. Answer (2)
Cork, secondary cortex and secondary xylem all are secondary structure formed from dedifferentiated cell by
redifferentiation and are responsible for secondary growth.
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(1) Secondary phloem (2) Secondary cortex
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(3) Parenchyma (4) Interfascicular vascular cambium
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Sol. Answer (4)
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(2) Complex organic substances of different chemical composition
A
(3) Simple and complex organic substances of same chemical composition
(4) Small organic substances of same chemical composition
Sol. Answer (1)
ON A
PGRs are simple organic substances of different chemical composition.
C
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21. The ability of a plant to follow different pathways and produce different structures in response to environment
is known as
(1) Heterophylly (2) Plasticity (3) Efficiency index (4) Vernalisation
.
RA
(1) The appearance of different forms of leaves on the same plant species
WT
26. Which auxins are used in diluted form to produce parthenocarpic fruits?
(1) IAA and IBA (2) 2, 4-D and IBA (3) NAA and GA (4) 2, 4-D and IAA
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Sol. Answer (1)
IAA and IBA used in parthenocarpy.
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Parthenocarpic i.e., seedless fruits are produced by using diluted form of IAA and IBA e.g., tomato.
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Sol. Answer (3)
A
It is used to remove unwanted weeds/plants, having broad leaves.
RA
WT
30. Phytohormones responsible for cell division in callus are ______ and ______.
(1) ABA and cytokinin (2) Gibberellin and ethylene
(3) Auxin and cytokinin (4) Ethylene and cytokinin
R.
(3) Auxin Overcomes senescence. (4) Ethylene Seed maturation and development
Sol. Answer (1)
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34. Which of the following phytohormone is a derivative of carotenoids?
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(1) Auxin (2) ABA (3) Ethylene (4) Cytokinin
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Sol. Answer (2)
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35. Match the following (Column - I with Column II)
A
Column I Column II
a. Ethephon (i) GA
ON A
b. Terpene (ii) Ethylene
C
c. Zeatin (iii) Natural auxin
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d. IAA (iv) Cytokinin
(1) a(ii), b(i), c(iii), d(iv) (2) a(ii), b(i), c(iv), d(iii) (3) a(iv), b(ii), c(iii), d(iv) (4) a(i), b(ii), c(iii), d(iv)
Sol. Answer (2)
.
Zeatin Cytokinin
I AA Natural auxin
R.
Column I Column II
a. Weedicide (i) GA3
Bolting GA
Thining of cotton Ethylene
38. The plant hormone which closes the stomata in stressful conditions is
(1) Cytokinin (2) GA (3) Auxin (4) ABA
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Sol. Answer (4)
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To prevent transpiration in stressfull condition.
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39. Both ethylene and ABA are responsible for
(1) Promoting the abscission of leaves and fruits (2) Inducing dormancy of seeds
(3) Stimulation of apical dominance (4) Ripening
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Sol. Answer (1)
A
Ethylene and ABA causing shedding of leaves and fruits, flowers.
(3) Root apex Reproductive bud (4) Vegetative bud Lateral shoot
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WT
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Sol. Answer (3)
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During flowering stimulus recevied by leaves.
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47. The hormonal substance which migrates from leaves to shoot apices to induce flowering is
(1) Dormin (2) Zeatin (3) Kinetin (4) Florigen
Sol. Answer (4)
LI
Florigen is a hypothetical hormone.
A
48. Some plants like sugarbeet and cabbage required low temperature for flowering. This phenomenon is called
(1) Photoperiodism (2) Parthenocarpy (3) Vernalisation (4) Abscission
ON A
Sol. Answer (3)
C
Low temperature treatment given to seeds to induce flowering.
M
49. Which of the following is incorrect about vernalisation?
(1) It prevents precocious reproductive development (2) It is observed in winter variety of wheat
(3) Flowering is stimulated by low temperature (4) It is the resting stage of seeds
.
RA
During vernalisation, the stimulus of low temperature is perceived by shoot apex of the plants.
SECTION - B
Objective Type Questions
1. Growth in plant organs is
(1) Qualitative and extrinsic (2) Quantitative and intrinsic
(3) Qualitative and intrinsic (4) Quantitative and extrinsic
Sol. Answer (2)
Organs made up different tissues inside the plant body.
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4. Find odd one w.r.t. differentiation
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(1) Loss of nucleus in sieve (2) Death of protoplasm in tracheary elements
(3) Callus formation (4) Lignification in vessels
Sol. Answer (3)
LI
Mass of undifferentiated cells.
A
5. Which of the given is/are examples of differentiation?
(1) Loss of nucleus and perforations in some sieve tube members
ON A
(2) Lignin deposition in tracheids and vessels
C
(3) Differential wall thickening in guard cells
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(4) More than one option is correct
Sol. Answer (4)
Permanent change in structure, biochemistry, size and physiology of cell is called differentiation.
.
6. If an etiolated stem could be first saturated with auxin by spraying and then exposed to a streak of light from
NE K
RA
(1) Bend towards the light (2) Bend away from the light
(3) Grow straight upwards (4) Be prevented from growing
R.
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10. Pruning of tea plants is done to discard the effects of
(1) GA3 (2) Auxin (3) Cytokinin (4) ABA
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Sol. Answer (2)
To get rid of apical dominance we do trimming of tea plant.
11. Which of the following hormone is weak organic acid having unsaturated ring structures and derived from amino
acid?
LI
A
(1) Cytokinin (2) Auxin (3) Gibberellins (4) Ethylene
Sol. Answer (2)
Tryptophan is the amino acid from which auxin is derived.
ON A
C
12. Specific property attributed to GA is
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(1) Shortening of genetically tall plants (2) Elongation of genetically dwarf plants
(3) Rooting of stem cuttings (4) Promotion of leaf and fruit fall
Sol. Answer (2)
.
15. Shelf life of vegetables and cut flowers can be increased by commercial application of
(1) Cytokinin (2) AMO1618 (3) Cyclocel (4) Phosphon-D
Sol. Answer (1)
Cytokinin acts as overcoming of senescence.
16. The phytohormone combination which is the key regulator of cell differentiation and morphogenesis is
(1) Cytokinin & IAA (2) IAA & ABA (3) IAA & GA3 (4) Cytokinin & Gibberellin
Sol. Answer (1)
Auxin and Cytokinin hormones help in morphogenesis.
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(1) IAA (2) C2H4 (3) CK (4) All of these
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Sol. Answer (4)
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IAA, C2H4, CK all increases the number of female flowers.
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19. Triple response is shown by hormone
(1) Ethylene (2) CK (3) 2, 4-D (4) GA3
Sol. Answer (1)
LI
Triple response include inhibition of elongation, promotion of lateral growth and swelling.
A
20. CH2 = CH2 is mainly responsible for
(1) Formation of internode (2) Formation of nodes
ON A
(3) Ripening of fruits (4) Formation of internodes
C
Sol. Answer (3)
M
Ethylene is helpful in ripening of fruits.
21. The hormone which can replace long days and low temperature requirement for flowering in some plants is
(1) Gibberellin (2) Cytokinin (3) Vernalin (4) Ethylene
.
22. Gibberellin mediate amylase formation during germination of cereal grains is inhibited by
(1) Abscisic acid (2) Ethylene (3) Gibberellins (4) Cytokinins
Sol. Answer (1)
R.
25. Which hormone stimulates the closure of stomata in the epidermis and increases the tolerance of plants to
various kinds of stresses?
(1) ABA (2) Cytokinin
(3) GA3 (4) Auxin
Sol. Answer (1)
It acts as antitranspirant.
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26. Match the following
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Column I Column II
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a. Auxin (i) Root hair formation
b. Cytokinin (ii) Seed development
c. Ethylene (iii) Xylem differentiation
d. ABA
A
(1) a(iv), b(ii), c(iii), d(i) (2) a(ii), b(iii), c(i), d(iv)
(3) a(i), b(iii), c(ii), d(iv) (4) a(iii), b(iv), c(i), d(ii)
ON A
Sol. Answer (4)
C
M
27. Condition of suspended growth due to external environmental conditions is called
(1) Dormancy (2) Rest (3) Quiescence (4) All of these
Sol. Answer (3)
.
It is the condition of a seed when it is unable to germinate because conditions for germination are not
available.
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RA
29. Which of the given event does not happen during seed germination?
(1) Emergence of radicle (2) Increase in rate of respiration
(3) Hydrolysis of stored polysaccharides and proteins (4) Photosynthesis by cotyledons
Sol. Answer (4)
Photosynthesis absent in cotyledons.
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Photoperiodic induction : The photoperiod-regulated process that occurs in the leaves resulting in the trans-
mission of floral stimulus to shoot apex is collectively as photoperiodic induction. Number of photoperiodic
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induction varies from plants to plants. i.e., duration of light and dark period.
32. Hypothetical 'florigen' could be produced prematurely in long day plant by exposing it to
(1) Shortening light period (2) Red light during night
LI
(3) Extending dark period (4) Far red light
A
Sol. Answer (2)
Pfr
ON A
Since for long day plants 1 . Now day length does not have direct effect on buds but it causes leaves
Pr
C
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to mature a hormone that moves from leaves to buds i.e., florigen in presence of red light Pr converted into
P fr .
RA
Very young leaves and senescent leaves are often infective or at least less effective than mature leaves.
Radish is LDP.
SECTION - C
Previous Years Questions
1. Auxin can be bioassayed by [Re-AIPMT-2015]
(1) Lettuce hypocotyl elongation (2) Avena coleoptile curvature
(3) Hydroponics (4) Potometer
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Sol. Answer (2)
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2. Typical growth curve in plants is [AIPMT-2015]
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(1) Parabolic (2) Sigmoid (3) Linear (4) Stair-steps shaped
Sol. Answer (2)
In plants typical growth curve is sigmoid.
3.
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What causes a green plant exposed to the light on only one side, to bend toward the source of light as it
grows? [AIPMT-2015]
A
(1) Auxin accumulates on the shaded side, stimulating greater cell elongation there
(2) Green plants need light to perform photosynthesis
ON A
(3) Green plants seek light because they are phototropic
C
(4) Light stimulates plant cells on the lighted side to grow faster
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Sol. Answer (1)
Auxin accumulated towards dark side and increase cell elongation, then bending occurs.
4. A few normal seedings of tomato were kept in a dark room. After a few days they were found to have become white-
.
coloured like albinos. Which of the following terms will you use to describe them? [AIPMT-2014]
(1) Mutated (2) Embolised (3) Etiolated (4) Defoliated
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5. Which one of the following growth regulators is known as stress hormone? [AIPMT-2014]
R.
(1) Abscissic acid (2) Ethylene (3) GA3 (4) Indole acetic acid
Sol. Answer (1)
Synthesis of abscisic acid stimulated by drought and other adverse condition, thus it is called stress
hormone.
6. Dr.F. Went noted that if coleoptile tips were removed and placed on agar for one hour, the agar would produce a
bending when placed on one side of freshly - cut coleoptile stumps. Of what significance is this experiment?
[AIPMT-2014]
(1) It made possible the isolation and exact identification of auxin
(2) It is the basis for quantitative determination of small amounts of growth-promoting substances
(3) It supports the hypothesis that IAA is auxin
(4) It demonstrated polar movement of auxins
Sol. Answer (2)
Growth Auxin
Growth Auxin
GA
Embryo Aleurone layer - Amylase, Proteases
Seed germinates ATP Sugar Starchy endosperm
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8. Through their effect on plant growth regulators, what do the temperature and light control in the plants?
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[AIPMT (Mains)-2012]
(1) Apical dominance (2) Flowering (3) Closure of stomata (4) Fruit elongation
Sol. Answer (2)
LI
In the presence of light, florigen migrates from shoot to buds for inducing flowers.
A
9. Which one of the following generally acts as an antagonist to gibberellins? [AIPMT (Mains)-2012]
(1) Zeatin (2) Ethylene (3) ABA (4) IAA
ON A
Sol. Answer (3)
C
ABA is Anti GA.
M
i.e., ABA works opposite to GA.
RA
Vernalisation occurs in annual and biennial plants like wheat, cabbage, carrot etc.
WT
13. Coiling of garden pea tendrils around any support is an example of [AIPMT (Prelims)-2010]
(1) Thermotaxis (2) Thigmotaxis (3) Thigmonasty (4) Thigmotropism
Sol. Answer (4)
14. One of the commonly used plant growth hormone is tea plantations is [AIPMT (Mains)-2010]
(1) Ethylene (2) Abscisic acid (3) Zeatin (4) Indole-3-acetic acid
Sol. Answer (4)
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(1) IAA (2) GA (3) IBA (4) NAA
HI S S
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Sol. Answer (4)
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17. Which one of the following acids is a derivative of carotenoids? [AIPMT (Prelims)-2009]
(1) Indole-3-acetic acid (2) Gibberellic acid (3) Abscisic acid (4) Indole butyric acid
LI
Sol. Answer (3)
A
Abscisic acid acts as derivative of carotenoids.
18. Senescence as an active developmental cellular process in the growth and functioning of a flowering plant, is
ON A
indicated in [AIPMT (Prelims)-2008]
C
(1) Floral parts (2) Vessels and tracheid differentiation
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(3) Leaf abscission (4) Annual plants
Ageing Shedding
.
19. Importance of day length in flowering of plants was first shown in [AIPMT (Prelims)-2008]
NE K
RA
WT
20. Foolish Seedling disease of rice led to the discovery of [AIPMT (Prelims)-2007]
First this hormone was discovered in rice seedling, in which some plants were tall and some were dwarf, due
to fungi Gibberella fujikuroi and called this disease "Bakane" (foolish seedling disease).
21. Opening of floral buds into flowers, is type of: [AIPMT (Prelims)-2007]
Autonomic movement of growth A Plant movement that results from internal growth changes and is
independent of changes in external environment.
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23. The wavelength of light absorbed by Pr form of phytochrome is [AIPMT (Prelims)-2007]
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(1) 660 nm (2) 720 nm (3) 620 nm (4) 640 nm
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Sol. Answer (1)
660 nm
Pr
Pfr
730 nm
LI
24. How does pruning help in making the hedge dense? [AIPMT (Prelims)-2006]
A
(1) It induces the differentiation of new shoots from the rootstock
25. Treatment of seed at low temperature under moist conditions to break its dormancy is called :
.
[AIPMT (Prelims)-2006]
RA
26. An enzyme that can stimulate germination of barley seeds is [AIPMT (Prelims)-2006]
R.
27. Farmers in a particular region were concerned that pre-mature yellowing of leaves of a pulse crop might cause
decrease in the yield. Which treatment could be most beneficial to obtain maximum seed yield?
[AIPMT (Prelims)-2006]
(1) Application of iron and magnesium to promote synthesis of chlorophyll
(2) Frequent irrigation of the crop
(3) Treatment of the plants with cytokinins along with a small dose of nitrogenous fertilizer
(4) Removal of all yellow leaves and spraying the remaining green leaves with 2, 4, 5-trichlorophenoxy acetic
acid
Sol. Answer (3)
Cytokinin will delay senescence, promotes cell division and fertilizers will make the soil fertile.
28. The ability of the venus flytrap to capture insects is due to : [AIPMT (Prelims)-2005]
(2) A passive process requiring no special ability on the part of the plant
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29. The pineapple which under natural conditions is difficult to blossom has been made to produce fruits throughout
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the year by application of
(1) IAA, IBA (2) NAA, 2, 4-D (3) Phenyl acetic acid (4) Cytokinin
Sol. Answer (2)
Auxin induces flowering in pineapple and litchi
LI
A
30. If the growing plant is decapitated, then
(1) Its growth stops (2) Leaves become yellow and fall down
ON A
(3) Axillary buds are inactivated (4) Axillary buds are activated
C
Sol. Answer (4)
M
Due to presence of auxin at tip axillary bud are unable to develop into leaves, i.e., apical dominance but if
we remove tip then they can develop.
(1) Centripetal (2) Basipetal (3) Acropetal (4) Both (1) & (3)
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33. Which one among the following chemicals is used for causing defoliation of forest trees?
(1) Malic hydrazide (2) 2, 4-D (3) AMO-1618 (4) Phosphon D
Sol. Answer (2)
2, 4-D is used as weedicides.
36. Plants deficient of element zinc, show its effect on the biosynthesis of plant growth hormone
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(1) Auxin (2) Cytokinin (3) Ethylene (4) Abscissic acid
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Sol. Answer (1)
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Precursor : Tryptophan require Zn2+ for its synthesis.
LI
Sol. Answer (4)
A
The growth rate is maximum in exponential phase.
GB
Florigen
.
Anthesin
NE K
Under short day condition GB will be deficient but anthesin is sufficient, so if we provide GB then it
RA
WT
induces flower.
40. Cell elongation in internodal regions of the green plants takes place due to
(1) Indole acetic acid (2) Cytokinins (3) Gibberellins (4) Ethylene
(1) Senescent (2) Dividing rapidly (3) Storing food material (4) Differentiating
(1) High auxin : cytokinin ratio (2) High cytokinin : auxin ratio
(3) High gibberellin : auxin ratio (4) High gibberellin : cytokinin ratio
Auxin
1
Root
Cytokinin
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CY
1
Shoot
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Auxin
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(1) Auxin (2) A Gibberellin (3) Abscissic acid (4) Cytokinin
A
Sol. Answer (4)
C
(1) 80% CH4 and 20% CO2 (2) 80% CO2 and 20% O2
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(3) 80% C2H4 and 20% CO2 (4) 80% CO2 and 20% CH2
Sol. Answer (3)
Ethylene causes fruits ripening
.
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(1) Tobacco (2) Glycine max (3) Mirabilis jalapa (4) Spinach
HI S S
Sol. Answer (4)
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Spinach is long day plants.
51. Proteinaceous pigment which control the activities concerned with light
LI
Sol. Answer (1)
A
Phytochrome is the photoreceptor pigment.
ON A
52. One set of the plant was grown at 12 hours day and 12 hours night period cycles and it flowered while in
C
the other set night phase was interrupted by flash of light and it did not produce flower. Under which one of
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the following categories will you place other set of plant?
(1) Long day (2) Darkness neutral (3) Day neutral (4) Short day
Short day plant are actually long night plant, when night phase was interrupted by flash of light, it did not
produce flower.
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53. What will be the effect on phytochrome in a plant subjected to continuous red light?
WT
(1) Phytochrome synthesis will increase (2) Level of phytochrome will decrease
In continuous red light Pr gets converted to Pfr i.e., Pr level decreasing, at same time Pfr synthesis increases.
54. The pigment, that absorbs red and far red light in plants, is
(1) Phytochrome (2) Carotene (3) Xanthophyll (4) Cytochrome
Sol. Answer (1)
Red light
Pr
Pfr
Far red light
Red light
Pr
Pfr
S
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57. The twinning of tendrils around a support is a good example of
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(1) Phototropism (2) Chemotropism (3) Nastic movements (4) Thigmotropism
NC L K
Sol. Answer (4)
It is growth with respect to touch, enables roots to grow around obstacles and is responsible for ability of shoots
of climbing plants to wrap around other structures for support.
LI
58. The closing and opening of the leaves of Mimosa pudica is due to
A
(1) Seismonastic movement (2) Chemonastic movement
(3) Thermonastic movement (4) Hydrotropic movement
Sol. Answer (1)
ON A
Seismonastic movement
C
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Diffused movement
SECTION - D
NE K
auxin.
Sol. Answer (1)
At tip of each root there are cells that contain membrane bound starch grain called statoliths Gravity sensor
in plants.
S
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New cell material diluted (low pH)
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Looser up Cellulose breaks H-bonds
network
LI
R : They cause changes in osmotic potential by increasing the volume of mature cells.
A
Sol. Answer (2)
Cytokinins delay the senescence i.e., antiageing hormone and increase the mobilisation of elements.
ON A
6. A : Gibberellic acid increases the yield of malt from barley grain.
C
M
R : Gibberellins stimulate the synthesis of amylase, protease and other hydrolytic enzymes for mobilisation of
reserve food.
Sol. Answer (1)
(Malt)
.
GA Beer Maltose
Embryo Aleurone layer
Enzyms
NE K
RA
( - amylase)
Seed germination ATP Sugar
R.
Cytokin
ratio promotes shots and roots.
Auxin
Cytokin Auxin
1 Shoot, 1 Root
Auxin Cytokin
10. A : Soyabean and sugarbeet flower when they are exposed to a photoperiod shorter than critical period.
R : Most of winter flowering plants are LDP.
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Sol. Answer (4)
Soyabean Short day plant.
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Sugerbeet Long day plant.
Winter flowers SDP.
LI
A
ON A
C
M
.
NE K
RA
WT
R.