8/20/2016 PurdueOWL:APAFormattingandStyleGuide

GeneralWritingResearchandCitationTeachingandTutoringSubjectSpecificWriting
JobSearchWritingESL
ThispageisbroughttoyoubytheOWLatPurdue(https://owl.english.purdue.edu/).Whenprintingthis
page,youmustincludetheentirelegalnoticeatbottom.

ReferenceList:Author/Authors
Summary:

APA(AmericanPsychologicalAssociation)styleismostcommonlyusedtocitesourceswithinthesocialsciences.Thisresource,

revisedaccordingtothe6thedition,secondprintingoftheAPAmanual,offersexamplesforthegeneralformatofAPAresearch
papers,intextcitations,endnotes/footnotes,andthereferencepage.Formoreinformation,pleaseconsultthePublicationManualof

theAmericanPsychologicalAssociation,(6thed.,2ndprinting).

Contributors:JoshuaM.Paiz,ElizabethAngeli,JodiWagner,ElenaLawrick,KristenMoore,MichaelAnderson,LarsSoderlund,
AllenBrizee,RussellKeck
LastEdited:2012103109:49:18

ThefollowingrulesforhandlingworksbyasingleauthorormultipleauthorsapplytoallAPAstylereferencesinyourreference
list,regardlessofthetypeofwork(book,article,electronicresource,etc.)

SingleAuthor

Lastnamefirst,followedbyauthorinitials.

Berndt,T.J.(2002).Friendshipqualityandsocialdevelopment.Current
DirectionsinPsychologicalScience,11,710.

TwoAuthors

Listbytheirlastnamesandinitials.Usetheampersandinsteadof"and."

Wegener,D.T.,&Petty,R.E.(1994).Moodmanagementacrossaffectivestates:
Thehedoniccontingencyhypothesis.JournalofPersonalityandSocial
Psychology,66,10341048.

ThreetoSevenAuthors

Listbylastnamesandinitialscommasseparateauthornames,whilethelastauthornameisprecededagainbyampersand.

Kernis,M.H.,Cornell,D.P.,Sun,C.R.,Berry,A.,Harlow,T.,&Bach,J.S.
(1993).There'smoretoselfesteemthanwhetheritishighorlow:The
importanceofstabilityofselfesteem.JournalofPersonalityandSocial
Psychology,65,11901204.

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MoreThanSevenAuthors

Listbylastnamesandinitialscommasseparateauthornames.Afterthesixthauthor'sname,useanellipsesinplaceoftheauthor
names.Thenprovidethefinalauthorname.Thereshouldbenomorethansevennames.

Miller,F.H.,Choi,M.J.,Angeli,L.L.,Harland,A.A.,Stamos,J.A.,Thomas,
S.T.,...Rubin,L.H.(2009).Websiteusabilityfortheblindandlow
visionuser.TechnicalCommunication,57,323335.

OrganizationasAuthor

AmericanPsychologicalAssociation.(2003).

UnknownAuthor

MerriamWebster'scollegiatedictionary(10thed.).(1993).Springfield,MA:
MerriamWebster.

NOTE:Whenyouressayincludesparentheticalcitationsofsourceswithnoauthornamed,useashortenedversionofthesource's
titleinsteadofanauthor'sname.Usequotationmarksanditalicsasappropriate.Forexample,parentheticalcitationsofthesource
abovewouldappearasfollows:(MerriamWebster's,1993).

TwoorMoreWorksbytheSameAuthor

Usetheauthor'snameforallentriesandlisttheentriesbytheyear(earliestcomesfirst).

Berndt,T.J.(1981).
Berndt,T.J.(1999).

Whenanauthorappearsbothasasoleauthorand,inanothercitation,asthefirstauthorofagroup,listtheoneauthorentriesfirst.

Berndt,T.J.(1999).Friends'influenceonstudents'adjustmenttoschool.
EducationalPsychologist,34,1528.
Berndt,T.J.,&Keefe,K.(1995).Friends'influenceonadolescents'adjustment
toschool.ChildDevelopment,66,13121329.

Referencesthathavethesamefirstauthoranddifferentsecondand/orthirdauthorsarearrangedalphabeticallybythelastnameof
thesecondauthor,orthelastnameofthethirdifthefirstandsecondauthorsarethesame.

Wegener,D.T.,Kerr,N.L.,Fleming,M.A.,&Petty,R.E.(2000).Flexible
correctionsofjurorjudgments:Implicationsforjuryinstructions.
Psychology,PublicPolicy,andLaw,6,629654.
Wegener,D.T.,Petty,R.E.,&Klein,D.J.(1994).Effectsofmoodonhigh
elaborationattitudechange:Themediatingroleoflikelihoodjudgments.
EuropeanJournalofSocialPsychology,24,2543.

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TwoorMoreWorksbytheSameAuthorintheSameYear

Ifyouareusingmorethanonereferencebythesameauthor(orthesamegroupofauthorslistedinthesameorder)publishedinthe
sameyear,organizetheminthereferencelistalphabeticallybythetitleofthearticleorchapter.Thenassignlettersuffixestotheyear.
Refertothesesourcesinyouressayastheyappearinyourreferencelist,e.g.:"Berdnt(1981a)makessimilarclaims..."

Berndt,T.J.(1981a).Agechangesandchangesovertimeinprosocialintentions
andbehaviorbetweenfriends.DevelopmentalPsychology,17,408416.
Berndt,T.J.(1981b).Effectsoffriendshiponprosocialintentionsand
behavior.ChildDevelopment,52,636643.

Introductions,Prefaces,Forewords,andAfterwords

Citethepublishinginformationaboutabookasusual,butciteIntroduction,Preface,Foreword,orAfterword(whatevertitleis
applicable)asthechapterofthebook.

Funk,R.,&Kolln,M.(1998).Introduction.InE.W.Ludlow(Ed.),Understanding
Englishgrammar(pp.12).Needham,MA:AllynandBacon.

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