Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Mustafa Trengl
Abstract: Like other sciences, the science of management was included in philosophy at the beginning.
Hovvever, in the course of time, science of management separated from the philosophy. it is stili possible
to see and fnd the extension of philosophers' ideas and thoughts in the applications of administration and
organization at present. (e.g. information, existence, ethic, politics, religion and education). Ali these come
to the fore mostly for the managers and employees in methods, techniques and behaviors. it is quite
natural that automation, robotics, computers, some other innovations and creative and modern ideas
formulated and stili being formulated for human relations take part in the theory and practice parts of the
science of management and they continue to their efforts to make the business world easier for the
employees and administrators.
a) Epistemology a) Rationalism
b) Philosophy of Science Socrates (469-369 B.C.)
c) Ontology He put forvvard the idea that the administration
d) Ethics was universal, i.e. "There are some common points
e) Politics in every administrative instance hovvever the
f) Aesthetics differentiating features of the events and institutions are
g) Theology different from one another." (7)
h) Educational Philosophy
Corresponding Author: Mustafa Trengl, Department of Industrial Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Dumlupnar
University, 43100, Kutahya, Turkey.
Phone: +274 2652031, E-Mail: mturangul@dumlupinar.edu.tr
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Res. J. Soc. Sci., 2: 33-37, 2007
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Res. J. Soc. Sci., 2: 33-37, 2007
conditions until they became exhausted and had no of a decisive society. He also asserted that the
energy. The daily vvorking hour vvas 13 hours. recognition of the needs of both the workers and the
Ovven surprised everyone by making varied studies management opens the path for social stability. (35)
on the improvement of the labor conditions.
He brought down the vvorking hour to 10.5 hours c) Ontology
a day. He did not employ the children aged under 18 Heraclitus (540 B.C. - 475)
and increased the wages. He conducted productivity in his opinion, nothing stands stili in the universe.
studies and gave importance to education. (28) He emphasizes that everything is in the continual
process of flow. This phenomenon results from the
Charles Babbge (1792-1871) clash and unity of the opposites. He says, "it would
He approached scientifcally tovvards the division never exist if the unity of opposites hadn't occurred.
of labor, work analysis, work necessities, specialization, (36)
time and motion studies, cost accountancy and
productivity studies. (29) Eli W hitney (1799) d) Ethics
He worked on the development of productivity Yunus Emre (1238-1320)
methods. Interchangeable parts were found out in the He believes that the real existent is God. The truth
applied quality control and cost accountancy test. (30) knowledge is attained by the recognition of God and
James W att-Mathew Robinson Boulton (1800) love is the only way for the recognition of God.
They are known as the pioneers of the scientifc
management. W att dealt with the organization and Hac Bekta Veli (1209-1271)
administration and Boulton dealt with the sales and He made the humanistic love one of his main
trade activities. (31) principles. He worked for the spread of Turk-Islamic
They applied a number of management techniques thought. He established a powerful moral system and
in a machine foundry. These techniques were planned defned the God as a lovely
machine for better workflow, production planning and existent. (38)
standardization of production, market research and
forecasting. Apart from a statistical system, vvhich M evlane Celaleddin (1207-1273)
would fnd the cost and beneft of each machine, He interprets the Islamic philosophy from a
they also developed schemes for developing mystical point of view. He lays considerable emphasis
executives of both the workers and the administrators on divine love, tolerance and virtue.(39)
and paid according to these results. (32) Henry
Metcalfe (1847- 1917) F. Nietzche (1844-1900)
He was the manager of a military dock in the Opposing to the moral values, he defends self-
U.S.A. n his book called "The Cost of Manufacture discipline, power and individualization instead of mind.
Administration of VVorkshop: Public and Private",
Metcalfe suggested the recording of observations and e) Politics
experiences and the art of management should be based Camparella (1568-1639)
on these recorded observations and experiences. (33) He defended the dominance of science and
philosophy.
Frederic W inslow Taylor (1856-1913)
He was an American engineer who sought to fnd M axW eber (1864-1920)
the most effcient way, that is, "One Best W ay" to The German sociologist, W eber, tried to formalize
perform specifc tasks. His ideas and rules came a system, which he called "bureaucracy." (42) in his
together under the name of a movement called time, the administration (military, church ete.) had been
"Scientific Management School" and his methods on offering bureaucratic features.
more effective engineering to improve industrial W eber's model and formulas are good criteria
effciency had a great impact on the subsequent studies. to understand the bureaucratic strueture. According
to him, the continuation of an organization depends
Elton M ayo (1880-1949) on the designated rules and the line authority. He
He spent most of his productive years in Harward also says that the administrators of varied line
Business School. His previous studies in Hawthorne authorities should take the responsibility for the
factory laid the foundations for the Human Relations exploitation of sources under their own authorities. Ali
Movement. He believed in the idea that the industrial relations and procedures should be determined by
adaptation is of great importance for the continuation written documents.
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Res. J. Soc. Sci., 2: 33-37, 2007
M . Kemal Atatrk (1881-1938) fore. Because science and scientifc research and
He expressed the necessity of legislative, executive development studies are planned, designed and put into
and judicial bodies, that is, the necessity of separation practice by humans. Intervention and manipulation of
of powers. ali the other components in this process seems easier
He emphaszed that the government should be when compared to that of humans. Philosophy makes
based on the principles of Republicanism, Nationalism, every effort to make human beings perceive themselves
Statism, Populism and Secularism. and the outer world.
f) Aesthetics FOOTNOTES
A.G. Baumgarten (1714-1762)
He contributed the theory of beauty in arts to the [1]. Atilla Baransel, ada Ynetim Dncesinin
philosophical sciences under the name of aesthetic Evrimi, C.I, (3.b), Avcol Basm Yayn (Press),
intelligence. stanbul, 1993. pp: 101-102.
[2]. , amel, fiil (T.D.K Trke Szlk)
g) Theology [3]. G. Deleuze vd, Felsefe Nedir,
D. Hume (1771-1776) ( e v .[ tr a n s ] :T u r h a n lg a z), Y a p K re d i
He represents a kind of scepticism and his type of Yaynlar(Publishing), stanbul, 2001. pp: 8.
scepticism is the one, which is shown against ali kinds [4]. Ahmet Arslan, Felsefeye Giri, Adres Yaynlar
of anti-experimental knovvledge. (45) h)Educational (Publishing), Ankara, 2005. pp:1-5.
Philosophy [5]. Necmettin Tozlu, Eitim Felsefesi, MEB
Yaynlar(Publishing), Ankara, 2003. pp: ll.
J.J. Rousseau (1712-1778) [6]. Arslan, ibit. pp: 18-54.
He has ideas about how and according to what [7]. Osman Yozgat, letme Ynetimi, 3.b., ..T.A.
principles the administrators, people or children should Yaynlar ((Publishing), stanbul, 1980. p: 5.
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society). Kitap-Yayn (Press), Bursa, 1998. pp: l 12.
[9]. Abdullah Dinkal, Sosyolojiye Giri, DER
Conclusion: The main aim of philosophy is to attain Yay.(Press), stanbul, 2001. p: 23.
general and comprehensive knowledge by making use [10]. Arslan, ibit., pp: 188.
of the pieces of information in the other felds. [11]. brahim Emirolu, Mantk Yanllar, Etis
There is an interaction between the philosophy and Yay.(Press), Ankara, 2004. pp: 19.
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of management separated from philosophy, as well. Felsefe Hareketleri, A.K.D.T. Yksek Kurulu
Science does researches to get information, but Yay. (Press), Ankara, 1991. pp: l33.
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Science makes use of Deductive and Inductive [18]. Sezgin Kzliek, Sosyoloji Teorileri, Yunus
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