Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Anlisis de saltos:
c. Anlisis estadstico.
Una vez obtenido los hidrogramas y la lnea de doble masa, determinar los periodos
de posible correccin (saltos) y los periodos de datos homogneos que se
mantendrn con sus valores originales, se procede a analizar estadsticamente tanto
en la media como en la desviacin estndar.
1. Consistencia en la Media
1 n1
X 1 Xi
n1 i 1
n
1
X2
n2
Xi
i n1
1 nni
1 Xi X 1 2
2
S1 ( x)
S 2 ( x) n1 1 i Xi X 2
n2 1 i 1n1
donde:
__
__
, : Media de los periodos 1 y 2
X1 X2
S1(x), S2(x) : desviacin estndar de periodo 1 y 2
n1 , n2 : tamao de cada periodo
Xi : Variable o informacin de anlisis
1 1
Sd S p
n1 n2
Sp
n1 1 S12 n2 1 S 22
n1 n2 2
_ _
( X 1 X 2 ) (1 2 )
Tc
Sd
Donde: 1 - 2 = 0.
5. Conclusiones
Si Tc Tt (95%) Las medias de los periodos 1 y 2 son iguales
Si Tc > Tt (95%) Las medias de los periodos 1y2 son diferentes y existe
salto en la media, es necesario corregir el periodo mas
corto.
1 n1
S12 ( x) Xi X 12
n1 1 i 1
1 n2
S ( x)
2
2 Xi X 2 2
n 2 1 i n1
2. Clculo de la Fc:
S12 ( x)
Fc
S 22 ( x)
S 22 ( x )
Fc
S12 ( x )
G.L.D = n2 - 1
Donde:
: Nivel de significacin
G.L.N : Grado de libertad del numerador
G.L.D : Grado de libertad del denominador
4. Conclusiones
Si Fc Ft (95%) Las desviaciones estndar de los periodos 1 y 2 son
iguales
Si Fc > Ft (95%) Las desviaciones estndar de los periodos 1 y 2 son
diferentes, en consecuencia hay salto. Es necesario
corregir la informacin del periodo mas corto.
d. Correccin de la informacin.
Procedimiento:
Si resulta la media y desviacin estndar estadsticamente diferentes, entonces se
corrige mediante una ecuacin que permite mantener los parmetros del perodo
ms confiable. Dicha ecuacin se expresa como:
Xt X 1
X (' t ) S 2 ( x) X 2
S1 ( x )
Xt X 2
X (' t ) S1 ( x ) X 1
S 2 ( x)
Ecuacin para corregir el segundo periodo
donde:
X'(t) = valor corregido de la informacin
X(t) = valor a ser corregido.
Ejemplo 1:
1. Como primer paso se tiene que formar la serie de caudales mximos anuales
de los ros Huancane y Ramis, de la siguiente manera:
MAXIMO
N AO ENE. FEB. MAR. ABRIL MAY. JUN. JUL. AGOS. SET. OCT. NOV. DIC.
ANUAL
1 1956 67.2 111.8 10.9 8.4 3.5 2.4 1.8 1.7 1.7 1.4 4.3 18.3 111.8
2 1957 22.0 133.0 60.2 23.0 29.6 5.2 5.6 2.3 2.2 3.6 5.0 55.2 133.0
3 1958 115.2 117.9 81.4 25.3 25.2 5.4 4.8 4.6 5.0 4.3 11.0 21.6 117.9
4 1959 27.3 57.8 155.3 66.0 18.4 7.1 3.5 3.2 1.9 4.5 2.8 26.5 155.3
5 1960 156.4 136.5 49.4 48.2 22.1 6.6 4.2 3.7 9.5 8.7 32.2 32.2 156.4
6 1961 96.4 82.0 88.0 70.0 19.0 8.0 4.3 3.0 3.3 2.7 4.3 70.0 96.4
7 1962 122.5 144.3 191.0 59.1 17.8 6.8 4.5 3.3 6.9 4.4 9.0 121.8 191.0
8 1963 168.8 183.4 82.5 84.0 25.4 9.4 6.4 4.0 6.6 10.6 6.8 14.4 183.4
9 1964 36.4 90.3 150.0 79.2 16.4 7.4 4.3 3.1 2.3 3.1 2.7 13.1 150.0
10 1965 142.5 147.0 118.0 52.6 15.5 5.1 3.4 2.8 3.1 3.5 8.3 48.5 147.0
11 1966 134.0 147.7 106.2 22.1 22.3 6.2 4.0 3.0 2.1 3.4 10.3 13.5 147.7
12 1967 7.4 28.8 93.0 13.1 3.5 2.5 3.2 2.9 6.0 8.0 1.8 37.9 93.0
13 1968 22.8 77.4 53.0 25.5 10.7 4.4 4.1 3.1 3.1 5.3 40.9 24.6 77.4
14 1969 81.9 82.3 31.4 47.0 5.8 3.4 3.7 2.6 2.5 1.1 8.8 5.0 82.3
15 1970 57.6 155.0 126.0 153.0 23.0 4.7 3.0 2.3 12.6 3.7 4.1 90.4 155.0
16 1971 324.0 364.0 321.0 17.4 7.9 4.0 3.8 2.7 2.1 2.1 7.5 4.5 364.0
17 1972 70.0 93.4 46.4 38.7 13.6 4.5 10.0 2.9 6.9 3.5 24.4 51.0 93.4
18 1973 86.3 126.0 80.6 145.4 33.2 5.8 5.7 7.0 7.7 7.8 15.5 21.2 145.4
19 1974 170.5 210.5 149.0 36.5 12.1 6.7 4.0 4.7 6.7 5.8 8.1 15.5 210.5
20 1975 69.5 163.0 121.6 41.1 163.0
21 1976 100.8 111.2 76.8 20.6 8.1 5.6 4.4 4.2 14.7 4.9 1.8 9.2 111.2
22 1977 25.4 132.1 118.0 69.8 7.9 3.9 2.8 1.8 3.5 3.6 11.4 20.5 132.1
23 1978 84.1 130.4 97.0 98.7 13.2 4.9 3.5 2.3 1.8 1.7 38.1 128.3 130.4
24 1979 243.9 126.0 79.5 116.6 27.4 7.0 5.1 3.5 1.9 11.2 3.6 48.4 243.9
25 1980 89.6 87.4 63.4 56.6 8.8 3.6 2.8 2.3 9.8 7.1 6.1 3.9 89.6
26 1981 150.9 118.4 170.1 68.4 11.9 3.8 4.1 3.5 3.2 27.4 18.2 30.7 170.1
27 1982 159.1 41.4 139.3 96.7 11.7 6.2 4.1 3.2 8.4 11.2 51.6 37.0 159.1
28 1983 27.1 64.0 15.0 11.2 10.2 3.4 2.8 1.8 1.8 2.1 2.3 3.5 64.0
29 1984 154.0 179.2 109.0 76.4 12.3 6.1 4.1 3.1 3.0 6.8 20.1 42.5 179.2
30 1985 149.0 129.4 98.8 98.8 40.0 21.9 7.4 4.0 8.9 7.6 28.9 149.0
31 1986 212.0 117.0 139.5 83.2 33.2 8.6 5.9 3.8 5.4 4.3 10.5 91.4 212.0
32 1987 141.6 75.0 27.8 24.9 9.6 4.7 5.1 2.0 1.7 4.0 16.9 18.6 141.6
33 1988 152.5 122.5 91.5 155.0 32.0 8.6 4.4 3.3 2.2 4.3 1.8 3.3 155.0
34 1989 46.8 46.5 82.0 35.7 12.3 5.0 5.4 2.7 1.9 2.4 3.8 5.5 82.0
35 1990 38.3 26.0 17.4 12.8 7.6 7.6 2.8 3.0 2.0 4.4 23.7 24.3 38.3
36 1991 29.0 42.4 67.7 32.8 20.2 10.6 5.9 5.0 4.3 6.3 10.7 26.6 67.7
37 1992 56.4 55.5 47.7 11.3 5.3 3.8 3.4 11.0 1.8 2.1 5.5 13.0 56.4
38 1993 118.8 47.5 46.4 34.5 13.9 7.0 4.8 3.1 3.5 5.3 19.7 58.2 118.8
39 1994 74.1 111.3 107.0 119.5 28.8 8.4 7.0 4.5 3.1 4.7 9.7 48.9 119.5
40 1995 91.2 38.0 60.9 22.1 8.1 4.6 3.8 2.9 2.8 5.5 4.2 9.2 91.2
41 1996 83.3 66.8 33.3 23.8 7.1 4.2 2.6 2.0 2.6 2.0 4.1 32.3 83.3
42 1997 137.6 88.8 240.8 79.6 16.3 6.6 5.4 3.8 6.1 10.1 21.7 12.1 240.8
43 1998 17.0 55.3 63.6 55.0 8.7 3.7 63.6
CUADRO 2: CAUDALES MAXIMOS MENSUALES (m3/s) DEL RIO RAMIS - ESTACION: HLG. 210101
MAXIMO
N AO ENE. FEB. MAR. ABRIL MAY. JUN. JUL. AGOS. SET. OCT. NOV. DIC.
ANUAL
1 1956 155.2 246.6 63.2 32.3 17.4 12.6 9.5 7.6 6.7 24.1 16.5 15.5 246.6
2 1957 53.0 267.7 140.8 168.0 50.4 30.5 18.0 14.0 11.1 10.4 14.4 122.1 267.7
3 1958 355.0 413.0 440.0 125.0 72.2 41.5 25.2 14.1 12.9 12.3 25.2 99.7 440.0
4 1959 80.0 236.0 445.2 295.6 105.0 73.7 56.1 41.8 31.4 27.8 23.0 200.0 445.2
5 1960 478.0 462.0 192.0 165.4 80.2 33.5 24.5 15.7 14.7 67.5 140.0 153.0 478.0
6 1961 265.4 262.4 390.0 245.1 93.0 54.7 23.0 15.3 16.3 15.3 61.6 270.4 390.0
7 1962 294.6 410.0 452.0 273.6 90.4 48.6 29.0 20.0 16.0 18.0 19.0 298.0 452.0
8 1963 351.0 347.6 315.0 315.0 170.0 45.0 28.5 21.5 19.0 25.0 25.0 195.0 351.0
9 1964 135.0 200.0 365.0 302.5 85.8 31.5 20.0 17.0 14.0 11.6 12.4 68.5 365.0
10 1965 231.0 328.0 448.8 229.5 105.0 31.0 20.5 18.1 448.8
11 1966 32.6 24.3 44.0 148.0 148.0
12 1967 65.0 134.0 255.0 122.0 28.6 17.3 10.4 8.3 8.4 16.0 13.0 114.4 255.0
13 1968 168.0 299.6 225.0 88.7 38.2 23.0 14.9 10.7 7.7 13.6 69.0 75.0 299.6
14 1969 163.0 200.0 69.4 93.2 20.0 15.6 14.8 14.4 14.4 19.8 10.4 33.2 200.0
15 1970 260.0 408.0 396.0 319.0 109.0 26.1 14.6 9.2 15.0 13.0 8.0 186.0 408.0
16 1971 268.0 544.0 553.0 100.0 41.4 24.6 16.8 12.3 9.8 7.4 17.0 75.8 553.0
17 1972 294.0 328.0 278.0 239.0 62.2 25.8 18.6 12.8 9.4 10.3 18.1 92.7 328.0
18 1973 300.0 428.0 438.0 358.8 102.7 3.4 20.1 18.6 15.4 26.7 23.5 80.4 438.0
19 1974 279.5 558.2 441.2 244.1 71.5 32.0 24.5 16.7 16.7 18.3 16.2 85.0 558.2
20 1975 218.2 396.4 391.0 227.1 101.0 396.4
21 1976 305.3 379.6 352.8 202.0 41.0 22.5 20.8 12.6 10.7 12.3 9.6 23.6 379.6
22 1977 70.4 365.8 471.9 249.6 44.2 20.8 10.2 8.5 5.6 9.6 99.8 60.6 471.9
23 1978 426.1 390.7 297.0 225.2 100.7 27.4 16.4 10.2 6.3 426.1
24 1979 352.3 284.0 294.4 214.9 112.7 48.0 20.3 12.4 6.9 352.3
25 1980 268.6 238.0 279.6 359.6 53.3 31.2 14.5 11.0 7.8 44.4 55.6 51.1 359.6
26 1981 326.6 456.1 429.5 291.1 68.2 27.2 10.2 7.1 4.4 6.0 15.8 110.1 456.1
27 1982 406.6 186.1 224.2 241.7 84.6 24.8 11.8 6.7 4.6 47.1 217.9 132.2 406.6
28 1983 97.2 125.3 101.0 52.5 19.9 9.6 6.6 5.7 5.0 5.4 3.3 13.1 125.3
29 1984 241.1 446.6 383.0 267.6 79.9 14.6 8.6 6.3 1.4 1.6 113.6 277.6 446.6
30 1985 412.6 254.3 411.5 205.7 59.2 8.7 5.0 14.0 5.2 268.0 150.4 412.6
31 1986 375.9 335.0 390.7 30.0 40.4 40.4 11.8 14.6 10.3 17.7 16.8 17.1 390.7
32 1987 249.1 200.9 105.4 63.3 46.6 19.8 15.6 14.7 17.8 15.8 165.0 165.0 249.1
33 1988 112.0 298.5 400.0 560.0 79.7 48.0 34.5 20.3 17.7 15.4 14.4 13.5 560.0
34 1989 168.1 254.6 239.4 158.2 85.7 55.1 35.5 14.2 15.2 28.6 19.3 74.5 254.6
35 1990 135.4 89.0 98.4 89.0 18.4 21.8 14.4 11.1 34.8 22.5 110.8 66.6 135.4
36 1991 123.0 203.6 148.9 106.8 49.5 24.3 12.9 13.3 10.3 8.5 10.2 42.4 203.6
37 1992 197.1 166.6 219.3 42.2 12.4 4.4 8.2 10.4 8.8 7.9 28.2 35.8 219.3
38 1993 188.0 335.9 255.5 127.1 63.4 18.5 11.4 10.3 8.7 15.4 142.4 251.0 335.9
39 1994 303.7 416.6 227.7 181.7 146.4 28.7 18.7 14.2 9.9 9.4 24.3 100.6 416.6
40 1995 194.5 173.4 249.9 184.7 37.6 18.2 11.7 10.3 8.3 7.9 19.5 29.5 249.9
41 1996 229.5 306.1 125.0 127.5 40.3 17.2 11.8 8.4 8.1 7.1 23.8 58.9 306.1
42 1997 313.0 391.6 366.7 227.2 75.4 29.4 17.2 14.7 13.8 15.2 91.7 133.1 391.6
43 1998 155.4 297.3 219.3 174.0 31.7 14.9 297.3
CUADRO 3: SERIE DE CAUDALES MAXIMOS ANUALES (m3/s)
En este anlisis la apreciacin visual del hidrograma de la serie anual del rio
Huancane se muestra en el Grfico 1. En este grfico se aprecia que los
caudales mximos anuales del ro Huancane tienen similar comportamiento y
no presentan periodos con saltos representativos, para su comprobacin se
realizara el anlisis de doble masa.
Jul
Ao Ene. Feb. Mar. Abr. May. Jun. Ago. Set. Oct. Nov. Dic. Tot.
.
1985 149.7 133.4 106.1 66.0 17.6 36.7 13.4 8.0 50.9 47.2 86.7 174.1 889.8
1986 179.4 193.0 192.1 153.3 35.3 0.6 25.4 57.2 72.3 51.7 40.9 74.7 1075.9
1987 185.6 126.6 85.1 25.9 37.2 22.7 50.2 29.4 55.8 78.2 192.4 194.6 1083.7
1988 198.9 139.9 96.4 107.5 12.4 0.0 2.2 0.0 45.2 102.1 133.1 164.9 1002.6
1989 94.5 89.3 88.7 43.3 6.9 4.2 1.5 39.1 41.4 55.1 116.4 55.3 635.7
1990 162.0 38.6 33.5 33.5 33 31.9 11.9 39.2 45.4 116.0 99.7 68.9 713.6
1991 50.2 49.5 99.8 29.1 27.1 29.0 2.4 0.0 69.9 48.8 52.9 49.1 507.8
1992 45.6 43.9 31.1 25.9 18.9 30.8 7.9 8.7 52.5 64.1 89.3 66.6 485.3
1993 79.4 72.9 83.5 34.6 10.7 32.6 13.3 17.3 35.1 79.4 125.6 84.1 668.5
1994 88.1 100.8 64.6 80.1 19.8 1.6 0.0 8.4 34.3 42.6 38.2 89.7 568.2
1995 106.2 96.7 62.8 48.3 7.1 0.0 10.5 2.8 19.6 30.2 41.9 76.7 502.8
1996 52.9 68.2 51.3 52.6 8.6 0.0 0.0 5.4 9.8 26.7 35.7 38.2 349.4
1997 75.6 104.0 45.5 26.6 8.0 0.7 1.5 26.2 62.6 44.0 48.8 71.4 514.9
1998 95.7 70.3 48.6 28.9 7.3 0.5 0.0 0.0 2.0 47.5 57.8 49.3 407.9
1999 112.9 125.6 90.2 61.8 10.7 3.7 18.4 4.9 42.6 44.1 82.8 89.8 687.5
MAX. 198.9 193.0 192.1 153.3 37.2 36.7 50.2 57.2 72.3 116.0 192.4 194.6 1083.7
MED. 111.8 96.8 78.6 54.5 17.4 13.0 10.6 16.4 42.6 58.5 82.8 89.8 672.9
MIN. 45.6 38.6 31.1 25.9 6.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.0 26.7 35.7 38.2 349.4
D.EST 52.3 40.9 39.1 35.8 11.1 14.8 16.5 17.6 20.2 28.9 51.4 50.8 231.3
Solucion:
3. Correccin de la informacin.
Xt X 1
X (' t ) S 2 ( x) X 2
S1 ( x )
DEPARTAMENTO:
JUNIN PROVINCIA: YAULI DISTRITO: LA OROYA
LONGITUD: 75
LATITUD: 11 31' 54' ALTITUD: 3160 msnm
Ju
Ao Ene. Feb. Mar. Abr. May. Jun. Ago. Set. Oct. Nov. Dic. Tot.
l.
1985 81.6 72.9 58.3 36.9 11.0 21.2 8.8 5.9 28.8 26.8 47.9 94.6 494.9
1986 97.5 104.7 104.3 83.5 20.5 2.0 15.2 32.2 40.3 29.2 23.5 41.5 594.3
1987 100.8 69.3 47.1 15.5 21.5 13.8 28.4 17.3 31.4 43.4 104.4 105.6 598.5
1988 107.9 76.4 53.1 59.1 8.3 1.6 2.8 1.6 25.8 56.2 72.7 89.7 555.2
1989 52.1 49.3 49.0 24.8 5.3 3.9 2.4 22.5 23.7 31.1 63.8 31.2 359.2
1990 88.2 38.6 33.5 33.5 33 31.9 11.9 39.2 45.4 116.0 99.7 68.9 639.8
1991 50.2 49.5 99.8 29.1 27.1 29.0 2.4 0.0 69.9 48.8 52.9 49.1 507.8
1992 45.6 43.9 31.1 25.9 18.9 30.8 7.9 8.7 52.5 64.1 89.3 66.6 485.3
1993 79.4 72.9 83.5 34.6 10.7 32.6 13.3 17.3 35.1 79.4 125.6 84.1 668.5
1994 88.1 100.8 64.6 80.1 19.8 1.6 0.0 8.4 34.3 42.6 38.2 89.7 568.2
1995 106.2 96.7 62.8 48.3 7.1 0.0 10.5 2.8 19.6 30.2 41.9 76.7 502.8
1996 52.9 68.2 51.3 52.6 8.6 0.0 0.0 5.4 9.8 26.7 35.7 38.2 349.4
1997 75.6 104.0 45.5 26.6 8.0 0.7 1.5 26.2 62.6 44.0 48.8 71.4 514.9
1998 95.7 70.3 48.6 28.9 7.3 0.5 0.0 0.0 2.0 47.5 57.8 49.3 407.9
1999 112.9 125.6 90.2 61.8 10.7 3.7 18.4 4.9 42.6 44.1 82.8 89.8 687.5
MAX. 112.9 125.6 104.3 83.5 33.0 32.6 28.4 39.2 69.9 116.0 125.6 105.6 687.5
MED. 82.3 76.2 61.5 42.7 14.5 11.6 8.2 12.8 34.9 48.7 65.7 69.8 528.9
MIN. 45.6 38.6 31.1 15.5 5.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.0 26.7 23.5 31.2 349.4
D.EST 23.7 27.6 22.8 20.6 9.5 14.1 9.6 13.1 20.3 27.7 29.9 22.8 109.2
Bibliografia Consultada.
Aguirre, M. 1999- Sistema de Informacin Hidrolgica (SIH) Manual de Usuario.
Lima-
Aliaga, V. 1980. Tratamiento de datos Hidrometeorologico. Lima
Mejia, A. 2006. 2006. Hidrologia Aplicada. Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina,
Lima Peru. 214 p.