Serbo-Croatian Basic Course - Volume 1 - Student Text

SERBO-CROATIAN
BASIC COURSE
VOLUME 1
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SERBO- CROATIAN
PREFACE
Serbo-Croatian is the major language of Yugo-

slavia. Divided as it is into two spheres,usually
but not very correctly known as Serbian and Cro-
atian, it is nevertheless one language. The pre-
sent course was written on the basis of eastern
speech. A Croatian speaker has contributed a cen-
tral version of certain sections of the text, but
this has not changed its essential character. It
is however, necessary for every student to become
acquainted with the features of both varieties,
and it has been the aim of this course to provide
sufficient material for him to do so.
The linguist in charge of the project has been

Carlton T. Hodge. He and Janko N.Jankovic have
collaborated closely on all aspects of the text.
In the preparation of the preliminary latin (cen-
tral) version of the dialogues and readings much
useful work was done by Mrs. Eleonora Ivanovich.
The final version reflects her work and also in-
cludes information eli cited from other speakers.
Acknowledgement should also be made to the stu-
dents in the Foreign Service Institute and else-
where who used ear]er versions of these units and
whose suggestions have been gratefully received.
Charles E. Bidwell made valuable comments, and
some of his earlier work at the Foreign Service
Institute is occasionally reflected in the present
work.
The entire course consists of fifty units,

designed as an introduction to both speaking and
reading. The present volume comprises Units l -
25.
rW~~
Howard E. Sollenberger, Dean
School of Language and Area Studies
Foreign Service Institute
Department of State
iii

BASIC COURSE
INTRODUCTION
The present volume has been four years in the making. During this time it
has been tested and revised. In the meantime theories of language learning have
been proliferated. Were this course to be re-written, it would undoubtedly look
quite different. Nevertheless, the basic outlook would of necessity remain -
familiarization with the structure of the language by constant use. It is felt
that sufficient material has been given in the course that it may be used effect-
ively either as it is or more imaginatively.
The drills are extensive and are intended for use in full. If there is
not class time to do this, the student is to perform all drills outside of
class which are not taken up in class. At the same time it is not felt that
they exhaust either the possibilities for drill or the student's need for it.
They stress the type of exercise in which the response is completely predictable.
The less predictable - 'free' conversation type of drill - is to be encouraged
at later stages of the course. The conversations given at the end of each unit
may be used as a bridge to free, or at least freer, conversation. The question
and answer drills also serve as models of what may be used in less formal give
and take conversation.
The Question and Answer Drill with Prompt is a type which may be used to
drill Basic Sentences and which may lead to freer discussion. In this exercise
the first sentence is the data sentence, which gives the information on which
the student is to base his answer. While the early examples are very simple,
it is clear that once the student has gone through a number of units, the data
sentence - and the answer - may be quite complex. It is not felt necessary to
spell out drills of this sort but the relative complexity of the answer expected
should be controlled. The question may imply l) a yes or no answer, 2) infor-
mation based on the data sentence, 3) a conclusion drawn on the basis of the
data given, 4) an opinion expressed on the basis of the data given.
Recently an approach to language learning has been suggested (by Earl W.

Stevick), which would encourage the introduction of new vocabulary as the need
arose for the latter in the student's efforts to express himself. The present
course has very deliberately controlled the vocabulary, restricting new words
to the Basic Sentences until the later lessons. There is no question but what
the introduction of words relevant to the student'makes drill and freer con-
versation much more interesting. However, no matter what supplementary
vocabulary lists might be given, they would never satisfy all students. The
person primarily concerned with mastering the struc~ure may proceed through the
course just as it is. Where much greater involvement of the student would
result, new vocabulary may be introduced. The goal of the course remains
mastery of the structure, with a limited but active vocabulary.
iv

SERBO- CROATIAN
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Classroom Expressions .................................................... x
Unit l
Dialogue: Greetings l
The Serbo-Croatian Language . . . . . . . . . . . 2
This Course ......................................................... 4
Symbols used in the Basic Sentences ................ 6
Notes: Note 1.1 The Sounds of Serbo-Croatian ............. 6
Note 1.1.1 Survey of Symbols . . . . . . . 7
Note 1.2 Vowels ............................................. 10
Note 1.3 Serbo-Croatian Stres~ and Intonation ....... 13
Unit 2
Dialogue: Places and Directions 36
Note 2.1 Noun: Genders 39
Note 2.2 Verb: fis' 40
Note 2.3 Question words 40
Unit 3
Dialogue: The Hotel . 48
Note 3.1 Adjectives: Nominative Singular .... 53
Unit 4
Dialogue: Friends 73
Cultural note 77
Note 4.1 Pronoun: Personal Pronoun 77
Note 4.2 Adjective: Pronominal AdJectives ................. 78
Note 4.3 Verb: Nega tive -/ne/ ..................... 79
Unit 5
Dialogue: Going Out .89
Note 5.1 Verb: , Present 95
Note 5.2 Adjective-Adverb Relationship:
Ending /-0/ . 97
Unit 6
Dialogue: At the Restaurant 108
Note 6.1 Noun: Accusative Singular
Note 6.1.1 Noun: Accusative Singular Form ....................... 113

SERBO- CROATIAN
Note 6.1.2 Noun: Use of Accusative .............. 115

Note 6.2 Adjective: Accusative Singular 116
Note 6.3 Verb: /Z~lim/ arid /volim/ . . . 117
Note 6.4 Verb: Infinitive ....... 117
Unit 7
Dialogue: Asking for Informa tion .... 129
Note 7.1 Noun/Adjective: Nominative and Accusative Plural . 134
Note 7.2 Adjective: Agreement with Multiple Nouns ........ 135
Note 7.3 Noun: Singular and Plural - Special Cases (/vecej
and jve~r/) ................................... 136
Note 7.4 Verb limatil: Negative Present . 137
Unit 8
Dialogue: Meeting People 152
Supplement - Peoples and Places ........................ 157
Note 8.1 Verb: Present of Ito bel . 158
Note 8.2 Pronoun, Personal: Nominative and Accusative Plural 159
Unit 9
Dialogue: Looking for Someone 171
Note 9.1 Noun: Dative Case
Note 9.1.1 Dative Case Form 176
Note 9.1.2 Use of Dative 177
Note 9.2 Verb: Use of Negative ......................... 178
Unit 10
Dialogue: Where Do You Live? 189
Note 10.1 Adjective: Dative Case ........... 194
Note 10.2 Pronoun: Dative Case 195
Note 10.3 Pronominal Adjectives: Dative Case ...... 197
Note 10.4 Pronoun and Pronominal Adjective: Parallel Use ..... 197
Note 10.5 Question Expressions: Ije lItel, Izar nel . 198
Unit I I
Dialogue: Where Are You From? 216
Note 11.1 Noun/Adjective: Genitive
Note 11.1.1 Genitive: Form 221
Note 11.1.2 Genitive: Use 222
Note 11.2 Pronoun: lonol 224
vi

SERBO- CROATIAN
Unit 12
Dialogue: The Family - I ........................................ 254
Note 12.1 Noun: Accusative of Masculine Animate Noun 258
Note 12.2 Pronoun: Accusative and Genitive 259
Note 12.3 Syntax: Case and Word Order 260
Note 12.4 Enclitics: Review ..................................... 260
Unit 13
Dialogue: Going Out . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 276
Note 13.1 Cardinal Numerals
Note 13.1.1 Cardinal Numerals: Form ......... 280
Note 13.1.2. Cardinal Numerals: Usage ....... 281
Note 13.2 Other Quantity Words ...... 283
Note 13.3 Verb 11matil ................................... 284
Note 13.4 Verb: /hau/, /magu/ .... 284
Unit 14
Dialogue: The Family - II . . . . . . . . . . . . 297
Note 14.1 Noun: Special Forms
Note 14.1.1 Noun: 1d~tel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 301
Note 14.1.2 Noun: Ibrat/, /gospadin/ ...... 301
Note 14.1.3 NOUIl: /kI/ 301
Note 14.2 Numerals: Collective Numerals and Numerical Adjectives. 302
Unit 15
Dialogue: City and Environs ..................... .. 316
Days of the Week ........ '" 320
Note 15.1 Noun/Adjective: Instrumental Case ............... 321
Note 15.2 Pronoun: Instrumental Case ................ 322
Note 15.3. Ins trumental Case: Usage . . . . . . . . . . . . . 323
Note 15.4 Preposition Isl, Isal................................. 324
Unit 16
Dialogue: Traveling By Train ................ 343
Note 16.1 Noun: Vocative ................... 347
Note 16.2 Noun and Adjective: Review . 348
Note 16.3 Pronoun and Pronominal Adjectives; Review 351
vii

SERBO-CROATIAN
Unit 17
Dialogue: In Belgrade ............................................
Note 17.1 Verb: Past
Note 17.1.1 Past: Form 370
Note 17.1.2 Past: Use ........................................... 372
Note 17.1.3 Past: Aspect ... 374
Note 17.2 Verb: Review .... 375
Note 17.3 Verb: Classification 377
Unit 18
Dialogue: A Trip to Skopje 396
Note 18.1 Verb: Past Tense
Note 18.1.1 Verb: Subject Agreement in Past Tense 401
Note 18.1.2 Verb: Word Order in Past Tense . 403
Note 18.2 Verbs: New Verbs 404
Unit 19
Dialogue: Meeting a Friend . 421
Note 19.1 Verb: Future . 427
Note 19.2 :Verb: Review of Aspect 430
Note 19.3 New Verbs 431
Unit 20
Dialogue: Seeing the Sights 444
Note 20.1 Verb: Future J Special Forms 448
Note 20.2 Enclitics: Order of Enclitics - Summary . 449
Note 20.3 Verb /hteti/ 449
Note 20.4 Clause Introducer: /to/ 450
Note 20.5 /Beogradski gradi 450
Unit 21
Dialogue: Weekend .............................................. 464
Note 21.1 Verb Aspect
Note 21.1.1 Perfective and Imperfective Pairs 468
Note 21.1.2 Verb: Perfective and Imperfective /blti/ 476
Note 21.1.3 Aspect Usage ........................................ 476
Note 21.2 Verb: /{mati/ ......................................... 478
Note 21.3 New Verbs ............................................ 478
viii

SERBO- CROATIAN
Unit 22
Dialogue: The Trip to Belgrade ................................... 492
Note 22.1 Verb: Imperative
Note 22.1.1 Verb: Affirmative Imperative 499
Note 22.1.2 Verb: Negative Imperative 500
,
Note 22.1.3 Verb: /nem6j tel . 500
Note 22.2 Verb: Stress Patterns 500
Unit 23
Dialogue: With Some Friends ~ 517
Cul tural Note: 521
Note 23.1 Ithere isl, Ithere was l , Ithere will bel
Verb:
Note 23.1.1 11~1 Ithere is l , Ithere arel, /1majUI, Ithere are' 521
Note 23.1.2 Iblo/, /bIla/, /bIlo/ Ithere wasl ....... 523
Note 23.1.3 /b1el, rthere will bel .......... 523
Note 23.2 Verb: Itrebati/
Note 23.2.1 /trebal, /trebalo/: Impersonal Use .... 524
Note 23.2.2 /trebati/: Personal Use ...... 525
Note 23.3 Noun: /g5st/ . 525
Note 23.4 Verb: Pluperfect ...... 526
Unit 24
Dialogue: The Market Place 542
Note 24.1 Verb: Use of /se/ with verb) Reflexive Verbs
Note 24.1.1 Constructions with /se/ .............. 549
Note 24.1.2 Verb: Reflexive and Non-reflexive Verbs .......... 552
Note 24.2 New Verbs .................. 559
Unit 25
Dialogue: In the Garage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 571
Note 25.1 Past Passive ParticipIe
Note 25.1.1 Past Passive ParticipIe: Form ................... 575
Note 25.1.2 Pas t Passive ParticipIe : Us e ........... . . . . . . . 577
Note 25.2 Phonology: IJ/ changes .................... 578
Note 25.3 New Verbs ................... 579
Serbo-Croatian - English Vocabulary ............................. 595
ix

SERBO- CROATIAN
Classroom Expressions
,
Ponovite " za mnom. Repeat after me.
svi zajedno. All together.
Pojedlna~no. Individually.
Jo jedanput. Once again.
ProdUite. Continue.
/ Nastavite.
/ Dalje. / Next. Go on.
Pocnite. Begin.
Va je r~d, gospodine N. Itts your turn, Mr. N.
Dovoljno, hV~la. ThatIs enough~ thanks.
/ Dosta, hV~la.
ekajteimalo. Wait a minute.
Gde smo stali? Where did we stop?
6dmor. / Pr~kid. Break

, .!. )..~ I '
Str~na dvadeset prva, drug~, Page twenty one, two, eight .
~sma
Okr~nitel str~nuldv~deset 5smu. Turn to page 28.
Da ~
pre~mo
I na '
str~nu . Let's turn to page
Prevedite. Translate.
imam jedno pftanje. I have a question.

Sta zn~ci r~c I Id~kl? What does the word lak l ~ean?
R~c Id~k' zn~ci 'student l The word 'ak' means 'student'.

,
Kako se
Ill'''
k~~e
I
'match' na How do you say 'match' in Serbo-
srpskohrv~tskom? Croatian?
Khe se 'ibica'. (It is / you say) ibica.

/ K~~ se 'igica'.

BASIC COURSE UNIT l
UNIT l
Basic Sentences - Osnovne recenice- OCHOBe pe~eHRue
Greetings Pozdravljanje n03,n;pa~H>e

2- 3,1 2 3' 1
Dobro jutro. '
)J. o 6 PO jyTpO.
Good morning. (up to
about 9:00)
2- 3~1
..
2' 3-
Hello. or Good afternoon. Dobar dan. ,lJ,06ap ,n;aH.
(IGood~ay', used from
about 9 AM until dusk)
2- 3,1_ 2 3'1-
Good evening. Dobra vecer. ,lJ, o' 6 po Be-qe.
2- 3..! l 2 3: 1
Good-bye. or 1'11 be Do vienja. /1.0' BH~eHB..
seeing you. (to someone
you expect to see again
soon - 'to seeingi)
3 ,l 3 '1
Good-bye. (a farewell, Zbogom. 36oI"ov.
said on part ing for a
longer period of time)
2' 3~~ 3'2 12'1
Good night (flight night'). Dobra noc. JIaKy Hoh.
23~ l
ivjeli. 3 '1
Kit 3,n;paBo
how
3'1 #
How are you? KaKO cTe?
23Ll
thanks hvala
3... l 3' 1
l'm well dobro sam ,D;o6po caM
3~1 3:1
you vi BH
lIm fine, thanks, how are

23L
Hvala,
2...
dobro sam,
l # 23:
XBa~a,
'2' #
,n;o6po caM,
you?
3, 2 12~1# 3'2 12 : 1 #
kako ste vi? KaKO CTe BH?
3 ,l 3'1-
Please. or You Ire welcome. Prosim. MO.JIHIl.
2 3..! l 2 3: 1
Excuse me. Izvinite. 11313HHv.Te.
2 3... l 2 3' 1
Pardon me. Oprostite. OrrpocTHTe.
3, l 3,1
Yes. Jest. JecTe.

UNIT l SERBO- CROATIAN
3,1
or Da.
3,1
No. Ne.
23, 212,1 23' 212'1
Please, sit down. Izvolite sjesti. H3B9JmTe cecTH.
2 3~ 2 # 2 ,l 2 3'1 #2'1
or Izvolite sjedite. H3BO~HTe ce~HTe.
3, 2 12 I 3'2 2 I
How is Mr. Jovi? Kako je gospodin KaKO jelrocnO~HH
~ 1# 1#
Jovi? Joszh?
3,2 121 21
3'2 1
How is Mrs. Jovi? Kako je gospoa RaKO je rocDo~a
~ 1# 1#
Jovi? JOBHh?
3,2 121 3'2 1 21
How is Miss Jovi? Kako je gospoica KaKO je rocno~Hua
.L 1# _ 1#
Jovi? JOBHh?
3, l 2.L l 3' I 2 - 1
Fine, thanks. Dobro, hvala. JJ.o6po I XS&JI&.
The Serbo-Croatian Language
Serbo-Croatian is a Slavic language and as such belongs to the Indo-

European (or Indo-Hittite) family of languages. This family includes languages
from East Pakistan to Great Britain and the New World. Slavic is one of the
branches of this family and includes Russian, Ukrainian, Polish, Czech, Slovak,
Slovenian, Serbo-Croatian, Macedonian and Bulgarian. Other branches are:
Germanic (English, German, Dutch, Norwegian, Danish, Swedish, etc.), Italic
(Latin, rrom which we get the Romance languages such as Rumanian, Italian,
Spanish, French, and Portuguese), Celtic (Welsh, Irish, etc.), Hellenic (Greek),
Armenian, Albanian, Baltic (Lithuanian, Latvian), Indie (Sanskrit, Hindi-Urdu,
Bengali, Gujerati, etc.), Iranian (Persian, Pashto, Kurdish, etc.).
Serbo-Croatian is one of three official languages in Yugoslavia, the other

two being Slovenian and Macedonian. Slovenia is one of six people's republics
of Yugoslavia. It is situated in the extreme northwest, bordering on Italy,
Austria and Trieste, as well as the peoplefs republic of Croatia in Yugoslavia
itself; the capital is Ljubljana. Macedonia is the most southern people1s

BASIC COURSE UNIT l
republic of Yugoslavia, being wedged between Albania and Bulgaria, with Greece
on the south. On the north it is bounded by the peoplefs republic of Serbia
and by the autonomous region of Kosovo-Metohija (Kosrnet). The capital of
Macedonia is Skopje. In the rest of Yugoslavia (the republics of Serbia,
Croatia, Bosnia-Hercegovina, Montenegro [Crna Gora], the autonomous province of
Vojvodina and the autonomous region of Kosovo-Metohija) the official language
is Serbo-Croatian. (One may, however, use standard Serbo-Croatian everywhere
in the country.) These three languages are closely related and have a great
deal in common both in vocabulary and construction. In all three of these
official languages there is considerable dialect variation. The whole of
Yugoslavia is part of the larger South Slavic speech area, which includes
Bulgaria. Although official languages change at the frontier, the local
dialects shade off into each other from the Adriatic to the Black Sea. This
area is surrounded by peoples speaking non-Slavic languages (Italian, German,
Hungarian, Rumanian, Turkish, Greek, Albanian).
As mentioned above, there are local variations throughout Yugoslavia.

Even within the standard language there are accepted variations, which set off
an eastern variety of dialect from a central one. Although they are the same
language and mutually intelligible, there are enough differences between the
two to make it more advisable for a beginner to learn one or the other, rather
than mix the two. The eastern dialect is spoken in Serbia, the central in
Croatia, Bosnia and Hercegovina, Montenegro and parts of western Serbia. The
eastern type is standard for Belgrade and the central is the accepted standard
in Zagreb, though the local dialect of the latter is somewhat different.
The eastern dialect is normally written in cyrillic letters and the

central uses latin letters in Croatia, but cyrillic in Montenegro, and both
cyrillic and latin in Bosnia and Hercegovina. In these units the Basic Sentence$
and Conversation drills are given in both latin and cyrillic, the version in
latin letters being representative of central speech and that in cyrillic repre-
senting an eastern variety. Elsewhere latin letters are used but eastern speech.
A quite regular difference between standard eastern and central Serbo-

Croatian may be mentioned. A very large number of words which have lei in
eastern speech have Ijel (or a change in the preceding consonant called pala-
talization) in central Serbo-Croatian. Likewise many eastern words with long
lei (written here lei) have I~jel in central Serbo-Croatian. For example:

Eastern Central
gde gdje where
medved medvjed bear

, ,
razumem razumijem I understand
l~vo lijevo left
This difference is part of a wider pattern which has its reflexes all
over the South Slavic speech area. Compare:
Slovenian Coastal S-C Central S-C East. S-C W. Bulg. E. Bulg.
ml~ko mlIko ml~ko milk
Besides these differences, there are also vocabulary variations and

different sentence constructions. For example, the central form of /hleb/
tbread t is /hljeb/, but in Zagreb they use an entirely different word: /kruh/.
In the Basic Sentences /prosfm/ is given in latin letters, /molrm/ in cyrillic.
Actually the distribution of these forms is not so simple. /molfm/ is the
more widespread, being used, for example, in Serbia, Bosnia, Hercegovina and
Dalmatia, while /prosIm/ is more local to Zagreb and nearby. Central Serbo-
Croatian often uses an impersonal l-til form, where eastern Serbo-Croatian has
a personal verb form. For example, an eastern speaker says /elim da jedem/
tl want that I eat!. The central expression would be /elim jesti/ tl want
to eat t . Both the eastern and central dialects have Ida jedem/ and /jesti/,
but they use them in slightly different ways. The differences between eastern
and central Serbo-Croatian are quite comparable to the differences between
dialects of American English. Compare Bostonian, Middle Western and Southern
pronunciations of such words as rcar, out, many~ and vocabulary differences
such as tfaucet t vs. tspigot t . Variations in language are perfectly natural.
They are to be expected. Any language which does not change or which has no
variation is a dead language.
This Course
These lessons are intended to give the beginner a useful oral command of
the language and a reading knowledge somewhat broader than his speaking ability.
It is designed to be used with a native speaker of the language as instructor,
the tapes being supplementary.

BASIC COURSE UNIT l
Given the dialect situation mentioned above, it is obvious that all

speakers of Serbo-Croatian do not speak in exactly the same manner. The model
for imitation should be one whose language is standard but not bookish. It is
also important to note that the same speaker will not always say the same
sentence in the same way. This is perfectly natural and the same situation
exists in English. In both Serbo-Croatian and English (and all other languages
as well) such variations are limited in scope and always follow the general
pattern of the language. (For example, there may be variation as to which
sound is used in a given word, but both sounds must be Serbo-Croatian sounds.)
If one is listening to the recordings, he will find that they follow the
printed material pretty closely. However, the speakers who made the recordings
would not always say these things in exactly the same way. The differences
might not be very great, but there would be frequent differences. Variations
in intonation and in which word has the primary stress in a phrase or clause
are to be expected. If one is working with a Serbo-Croatian speaker, he or
she will undoubtedly say some things in a slightly different way than is found
in these units. In every such case, his or her pronunciation is to be followed.
One should, however, remember that there is no one single right way of speaking
Serbo-Croatian or any other language. In this course an acceptable 'standardi
form of spoken Serbo-Croatian is presented, but it is not the only such
acceptable form.
Whether one is working with a native speaker or with recordings, each

Serbo-Croatian word, phrase or sentence must be repeated in a loud, clear
voice, the attempt being to imitate the pronunciation as closely as one can.
While it is desirable to drill with books closed as much as possible, one may
keep the book open and only use it when absolutely necessary. It is important
to imitate the speaker and not read the Serbo-Croatian. The meaning of the
Serbo-Croatian is to be kept constantly in mind, and it may be necessary to
glance at the English eqUivalent occasionally. It is a waste of time to
fumble for the meaning of a sentence and far preferable to look and see what
it is.
In the first few units the student should not under any circumstances
attempt to pronounce the Serbo-Croatian before he has heard it.
Students should also be reminded that language is arbitrary. Time should

not be wasted in discussions of why Serbo-Croatian expresses something in the
way it does. The student is to learn how something is said, not why. There

is no answer to the question 'why' something is said the way it is.
Symbols used in the Basic Sentences
On the English side, parentheses and quotation marks are used together
(1 1) when a more literal translation is given in addition to the ordinary
English equivalent. Brackets [ ] are used to indicate words in the English
equivalent which do not have an equivalent in the Serbo-Croatian. Parentheses
indicate words which translate something in the Serbo-Croatian but would not
be used in a normal English equivalent. Note that on the English side we have
what is ordinarily said in English in this situation, not necessarilyaliteral
translation. The use of the parentheses and brackets as explained above should
make the situation clear in each case.
Notes
Note 1.1 The Sounds of Serbo-Croatian
The following outline gives a survey of Serbo-Croatian sounds. Although

long, it is not exhaustive, and technical details are left to technical books.
In conjunction with this outline there is a set of pronunciation drills. Their
purpose is to help the student hear and produce the Serbo-Croatian sounds,
especially those sounds and combinations of sounds which are very different from
those in English. These drills concentrate attention on particular pronunciation
points and will, if properly drilled, aid one to say Basic Sentences naturally.
The meanings of the words are given, but the student is not expected to learn
these meanings or even pay any particular attention to them at this time.
Although most of the latin letters used in writing Serbo-Croatian are the
same as those we use in English, they represent a very different set of speech
habits. Even letters which seem to represent the same sound may actually be
qUite different. Itl for example, represents an English sound made by touching
the tongue to the ridge back of the upper teeth, but in Serbo-Croatian it
represents a sound made by touching the tongue to the upper front teeth. It is
important to know these differences and make a determined effort to form new
speech habits.

BASIC COURSE UNIT l
Note 1.1.1 Survey of Symbols
Following is the latin alphabet as used for Serbo-Croatian, with the

cyrillic equivalents. The description of the sounds is only approximate. For
details see other notes.
Latin Cyrillic Hints on Pronunciation
A a A a ! as in father
B b B <5 Ras in book but ~ully voiced
C e II u ~ as in ~
a ch sound made with tongue curled back.

Compare ch o~ ~ .
,
e a ch sound made with the tip o~ the tongue
against the upper teeth. Compare ~ in
cheap.
D d like ~ o~ ~ but ~ully voiced and with tip

of tongue against upper teeth
something like ~ of~ (~ with tongue ~orward)

the voiced counterpart of Ii. Also written
Idj/.
D d J,I J,I something like ~ of large (~ with tongue back)
the voiced counterpart o~ /l
E e E e e o~ bet, but higher when long
F f ~ o~ ~oot
G g r :r ~ of gone but fUlly voiced
H h x x not in English. A sound made in the same place

as Iki but letting the air slide through in-
stead of stopping it
I i H a high ! sound something like ~ of beet but

without the-l-glide of English ~
J j J j like ~ of ~ but higher than English ~ in

combinations such as lajl (ah-ee)
K k K K like ~ o~ cat but without the strong pu~f of

breath
L l JI much like English.!. but not as deep. Compare

l of million.
7

UNIT l SERBO-CROATIAN
Lj lj an l made with the tongue in position to say

~. Not in English.
M m m as in ~ but fUlly voiced
N n H H ~ as in noon but fUlly voiced and with the

tip of the tongue against the upper teeth
NJ nj an n made with the tongue in position to say

Z. Not in English.
o o o o something like 2 of ~, ough of ought or of

law
p p n n E of pat but without the strong puff of breath
(
following it
R r p p a couple of flaps of the tip of the tongue

against the ridge back of the upper teeth.
Not in English. Before pause it is usually
voiceless.
s s e e like ~ of sing
ill m a sh sound made with the tongue back. Compare

sh of harsh.
T t T T like 1 of top but made with the tip of the

tongue against the upper teeth
u u y y a high ~ something like the ~ of boot but

without the ~ glide of English ~.
v v B B a light ~ sound, like v of veal. May be ~ in

the combination Ihv-I.
z z 3 3 like ~ of zeal but fUlly voiced
a zh sound (compare s of pleasure) made with

the tongue back. Voiced counterpart of l/.
The ordinary spelling (both latin and cyrillic) does not indicate certain
features, such as the stress, vowel length or pitch. Junctures (see below) are
partly represented by word division and punctuation. To represent the language
more accurately, additional symbols are therefore necessary. Following is a
rearrangement of the latin letters listed above, followed by the other symbols
used in this course:

BASIC COURSE UNIT l
Vowels: i e a u o r
,
Voiceless Consonants: A. p t k s c c f h
Voiced Consonants: B. b d g z dz d d v
C. r l lj m n nj j
Stress: Primary or Seconda.ry Weak (unm.arked)
Vowel length:
Pitch: Low l Mid 2 High 3 Extra high 4
Junctures: # (also, in part, space between words)
(See page j5 for the traditional symbols for primary stress.)
[G.D. 1.1.1] Pronunciation Drill
The letters of the alphabet will serve as simple pronunciation drill.

Each letter is pronounced as a syllable. The vowel sound (as /a/) is the
name of the vowel. The name of a consonant is that sound plus /a/ (~ of sofa)
for cyrillic letters, or that sound plus /e/ for latin letters. /b/ therefore
has two names: /ba/ for JL and /be/ for ~ Repeat each alphabet after the
instructor or tape, being very careful to imitate exactly.
Cyrillic
a eJ B l" lJ, ~ e z :3 H j K JI .6 II H
a ba va ga da da e za za i ja ka la lja ma na
~ o n p e T II y <tl x n 11 1,1 m
,
nja o pa ra sa ta ca u fa ha ca ea da ~a
Latin
,
a b c e c d d d e f g h i j k l lj m n
,
a be ce ce ce de dze e e fe ge he i Je ke le Ije me ne
nj o p r s t u v z z
nje o pe re se e te u ve ze ze
The above alphabets also illustrate the difference in the order of the
letters between cyrillic and latin. The latin order is that of English, with
added letters in appropriate places. The cyrillic order must be learned.

Note 1.2 Vowels
Examples of the six vowels found in Serbo-Croation are:

[G.D. 1.1.2]
Vowel Short Long Short unstressed Long unstressed
/i/ idite mIr stanica govorIte

goJ peace station you are speaking
/e/ zelIm m~so volIte ld~m

I wish meat you like lim going
,
/u/ razum~m put nekud golub
I understand road somewhere dove
,
/0/ dobro v5z kako peran
well train how platform
/a/ napr~d d&n slla ima:m

forward day power I have
/r/ vrt bf-Z pretrpa:n nekf\st

garden fast crowded unbeliever
Note that the quality of these vowels J while there is some variation J is
quite clear whether they are short, long, stressed or unstressed. This is
quite different from English where a clear ~ (as in father) does not usually
occur unstressed. The ~ls of sofa, ~, seaman, ~, afloat are all uhls.
(phonetically [a]). Most unstressed simple vowels in English are this [a].
This means that one must be careful to pronounce unstressed vowels in Serbo-
Croatian as clearly /i/, /e/, /u/, /0/ or /a/, not as English uh [a].
Another very important factor is vowel length. In English the length of

vowels varies from dialect to dialect J but there is often a correlation of
length and the nature of the following consonant. For example, the vowel in
had is longer than in hat. Compare bad and bat J ~ and sat, cad and cat.
Before the voiced ~ the vowel is longer. In Serbo-Croatian the vowels may be
long or short regardless of what follows. In fact, differences of meaning may
depend on vowel length. For example, /grd/ is Icity', but /grad/ Ih~ill,
/supruga/ is rof a husband r or Iwife t but /suprug/ 'of husbandsl.
10

BASIC COURSE UNIT l
In the last example, as well as in the above list, there are examples of
unstressed long vowels. This occurrence of long vowels in unstressed syllables
sometimes confuses the English learner, who either does not hear the length or
thinks that the long vowel ls stressed. The student should listen very carefully
for the length of vowels in Serbo-Croatian, especially in unstressed syllables.
Speech sounds are most easily described in terms of how they are made.
The lips, teeth, tongue, uvula, larynx, etc., all enter into the production
of speech. For our purpose here (as speakers of English learning to speak
Serbo-Croatian) the position of the tongue and the manner in which it is used
are the most important factors.
If the vowels are plot ted with regard to tongue height and relative
position front to back, we have the following pattern:
Front Central Back
High i u
Mid e r o
Low a
There is some variation in vowel quality between short and long, and
between those in closed vs. open syllables. This is particularly noticeable
with /i/, /e/ and /u/. /dlm/ 'smoke' has a vowel higher than English ~
but not as high as /dfvan/ 'wonderful'. /mek/ 'soft' has a vowel close to the
~ of bet but /n~mati/ 'not to havel has a higher ~ sound quite unlike any
English sound. /r/ is listed here as a vowel. This is the symbol for a kind
of ~ [a] vowel, interrupted by a few taps of the tip of the tongue. It is,
then, a combination of a vowel sound, [a], and a consonant (the taps or flaps).
Iri also occurs as a plain consonant, before and after the other vowels.
We may make a similar pattern of English vowels:
Front Central ~ Examples
High i ~ u bit I jist I put
Mid e a o bet but horse
Low ag a ::> bat hot ought
II

English has nine vowels (fewer in some dialects), so has more than Serbo-
Croatian. The student should not be m1sled by the use of the same symbols for
English 'i, eJ aJ u, 01 and for Serbo-Croatian sounds. Serbo-Croatian /i/,
/e/ and /u/ are higher in tongue position. /0/ and /a/ are about the same,
but a plain '0' is rather rare in English. The diphthong 'ow' (as in low)
occurs so much more frequently that we always think of low' when we think of the
English sound 10 1 The confusion between English diphthongs and Serbo-Croatian
vowel quality and length presents the greatest difficulty to the learner. A
Serbo-Croatian /i/ sounds like the English ~ of ~ to an untrained ear. This
is due to the nature of the English diphthongs. Frequent English diphthongs
are:
iy beet uw boot
ey bait ow boat
oy boy
ay bite
aw bout
Each of these diphthon~~ starts with a lower position and glides to a

higher one. liyl begins like! of bit and ends like the Z of~. The Z of
yet is about the tongue position of Serbo-Croatian /i/ so this /i/ and English
liyl are confused. The glides of the above English diphthongs are:
zeast w woo
y" 7f
i bit w u p!:!t
y" /I
e bet o horse
y~~
a :::::::== c=::::!
hot
w
o ~ght
liyl (beet) begins with the! of bit and ends with the Z of yeast. leyl
(bait) begins with the ~ of ~ and ends with a Z the height of ! in bit, etc.
What we have in English been taught to consider vowels are really diphthongs
(the names of the letters ~ [ey], ~ [iy], ! [ay], ~ [ow], ~ [yuw]). Serbo-
Croatian also has diphthongs, which are written as such: /iJ/, /aJ/, /eJ/, etc.
The Serbo-Croatian simple vowels must not be confused with these or with the
English diphthongs. The simple vowels may be long or short and may have different
kinds and degrees of stress (accent), but they remain more constant in quality
than the English sounds most like them.
12

BASIC COURSE UNIT l
Note 1.3 Serbo-Croatian Stress and Intonation
In both Serbo-Croatian and English there are regular differences made in

the degrees of stress of given sounds. For example, we distinguish the nouns
'impact, increase, 1nsult' from the verbs 'impact, increase, insulti only by
the different position of the stress. In the nouns the first syllable is
stressedj in the verba the second syllable is stressed.
There are also regular differences in the relative height of tone or

pitch. For example, the sentence 'Johnl come homel' is composed of two phrases
with two high pitches. 'John came home.' is only one phrase and has only one
high pitch (usually on 'homel). Note that the ~igh pitches in these sentences
are on the vowels which have the strongest stress.
Any given syllable in English has both stress and pitch. The vowels are
the centers of stress and pitch. As noted at the end of the last paragraph,
there is often close correlation between high pitch and strong stress. This is
not always the case, though. Compare 'John" (calling him) and 'Oh, John"
(said to the naughty boy who has drawn pictures all over the bedroom wall). The
second is on low pitch, the first starts high and goes low. You cannot predict
what stress a word will have from its pitch or vice versa. It is therefore
necessary to have separate SYmbols for both.
There are four distinctive stresses and four pitches in English. The
stresses are all seen in a sentence like:
Long island !s a long {sland.
Here the primary (strongest) stress is shown by', secondary by v, tertiary

by " and the weak syllables are marked
We may show pitch with a curve as:
J-O-hn--c-a-m-e-'~.
Where did he go?
13

--~
He went to the market.
Long Island is a long island.
The three lines on the left show the levels of pitch. You may have a
fourth, when you hit something extra high. Since there are only four basic
pitch levels, they may be indicated very conveniently by numbers (l for low,
2 mid, 3 high, 4 extra high). An example of 4 is:
-fl
3
2
l
Here Imarket l is stronger (lauder and going higher on mar-). The pitches
and stresses of these sentences may be shown thus:
came
I 2 " 3,1
Where did he go?
2, 3, l"
2, 4, l"
He "
went to the market.
2, 3' 2_ 12, 3, l ..
"-'
"
Long Island is a long island.
Note that the 1question l (Where did he go?) has the same pitch pattern
as the statements. A question may have a different pitch pattern but frequently
there is no difference. The word 'question' does not mean either in English or
in Serbo-Croatian that the voice always rises at the end. It refers merely to
the situation of asking for information.
Note also that the sentence with two phrases has the boundary between the
two marked with a single line This is one type of phrase (or clause)
14

BASIC COURSE UNIT l
boundary. Each phrase has only one loud stress /'/. We find this kind of
pattern in Serbo-Croatian, too, and use the same symbol /1/. We could also
add the symbol /#/ at the end of each of the above sentences, showing that they
all end in the fading out type of sentence final.
Coming now to Serbo-Croatian we find that we have a situation which is

similar to English in many ways but with some striking differences:
[ G.D. 1.1.3] Some examples are:
3 l #
l. Z d r a v o. Hello.
3 ~l#
2. D v a. Two.
2 3 ~ l #
3. R a z u m e t e l i? Do you understand?
23~ I 2, l # 2. 3~1#
4. Hvala, dobro sam, kako ste vi? Thank you, lim fine. How are you?
2. 3 ,2 3~2 II 2 , 1_ #
v-
5. Zelim hleb, meso i krompir. I want bread, meat and potatoes.
2 3, 2 2 J- I #
6. Koliko su tri i etiri? How much are three and four?
Here are three pitch symbols (/1/, /2/, /3/ - with the possibility of /4/
also, as in English). There are several important differences. One is in the
pattern with several phrases. English goes up to /3/ in each phrase of most
sentences (pattern /231/ or /31/). This is not a 'rule'; it is just an obser-
vation of the most frequent pattern. In Serbo-Croatian a sentence which consists
of only one phrase usually has pitch pattern /231#/, the /3/ occuring together
with the primary stress of the phrase (for example, sentence 3 and the second
part, after #, of 4). If the primary stress begins the phrase, there is no
/2/ (sentences l, 2). There is a very frequent sequence of the phrases, the
first /2321/, the second /21#/ (sentences 4 and 6). Or you may have a series
of phrases, the earlier ones /2321/, the last /21#/ (compare 5). Listen
carefully for the difference between Serbo-Croatian final phrase /21/ and the
English /231/.
The symbol /1/ indicates a phrase which ends continuing the last pitch
given. The symbol /11/ indicates arising intonation - not to the next pitch
but very noticeable. At the end of a sentence (where there is ? or ) the
15

voice usually dies out as in English, though a sentence may end in III I or,
more rarely, III. The final sounds of a sentence are often whispered in
Serbo-Croatian.
The symbol 1#1 is used to indicate the dying out of the voice~ as opposed
to the sustaining phrase final III or the rising IIII. Since a period normally
shows this, 1#1 is only used where the punetuation is not helpful. For example~
it is used over a comma (~)~ where the pronunciation is really like that of the
end of a sentence or over a question mark (?), where there is no rise in pitch.
(Both of these are illustrated in sentence 4 above.)
The stress system is more complex and is closely related to pitch. There
are three degrees of stress - primary (I ' or '/)~ secondary (III) and weak
(unmarked). Vowels with stresses 1"11 may be short (unmarked) or long (with
I-/)~ and unstressed vowels in words with primary stress may be short or long.
In a word with secondary stresa II/~ only the stresaed ayllable may be long
(indicated by ILI). As in English, each phrase has one primary stress (1'1 or
1'1) and an undetermined number of secondary and weak stresses. Use the Baslc
Sentences for examples of primary and secondary stresses. The two symbols for
primary stress basically indicate either a carryover of the stress into the
following syllable~ indicated by I'/~ or a non-carryover of the stress~ indi-
cated by 1'1. This has no parallel in English. For convenience we will use an
'explanatory spelling' here alongside the one used in the course. This spelling
uses 11 for the primary stress~ doubles the vowels to show length~ and shows
the pitch contour with a line~ as we did above for English.
Unit Spelling Explanatory Spelling
Pitch 3 l
Stress
z d r a v o z d r
.'L
a v o Ihi,l
Pitch 3 l
~
Stress
d v a d v a a ItwO'
16

BASIC COURSE UNIT l
The two words illustrate what is traditionally known as Ifalling accent l ,
short and long. The pitch falls immediately after the stress. When the vowel
is long the pitch falls during the vowel as only the first part of the vowel
(the first of the double vowels in the explanatory spelling) has primary stress.
The accents l' / and /~ / both correspond to only one / o / of the explanatory
spelling.
[G.D. 1.1.4]
Pitch 2 3 l
Stress
'How much are
o o they?'
k o l i k o s u k o l i k o s u
f
Pitch 2 3 l
Stress
II understand. l
o
razumem r a z u me e m
Pitch 2 3 l
L
Stress Ido you under-
stand?'
o 'll
r a z u m e t e l i r a z u me e t e l i
Pitch 2 3 l 2 3 l
L
Stress Ithanks I
or or
o o
h val a h val a h v a a l a h v a a l a
/'1 and ILI are traditionally known as Irising accents t (note pitch
patterns). The stress continues from one syllable into the next and the pitch
(if 131 or 14/) rises slightly in the second syllable (if this is not the last
syllable). This type of stress is quite distinctive. We have nothing like it
in English. While the I~I of Id~nl sounds very much to us like a slightly
drawn out IDonI, the ILI or 1'1 is quite a different matter. It must be
listened to very carefully. Note that in IrazUmeml, the carryover is only on
the first part of the long vowel. 1'1 and ILI correspond to two stresses
I o o I of the explanatory spelling, except in the second pronunciation of
Ihv~la/.
17

The last example J Ihvlla/ J shows the possibility of I~I representing

either the double stress or only the stress on the second part of a long vowel.
The first version shows the double stress 1.1 in the explanatory spelling.
The second shows only the one. When J as here J the syllable on which the stress
begins is followed by only one other syllable J and the word ends in a period
juncture I#/J the final syllable may lose its stress. Before the juncture III
or IIII
the stress is not lost. In the Basic Sentences the of a final III
pitch will be placed on or after the last vowel to indicate the possibility of
stress carryover even in this position (see the first spelling of /hVAla/ above).
Examples showing carryover and non-carryover J according to whether the syllable
is final J are:
Explanatory Spelling
2 3' l # 2 3. o l #
k o l i k o s u k o l i k o s u .
'how much are
but 23, l # 2 3 o l # they?'
k o l i k o k o l i k o
23 ~ 2 , l #2 3 o I 2 e o l #
h v a l a d o b r o s am. h v a a l a d o b r o s a m
2 3 ./. l # 2 3 o l #
but h v a l a h v a a 1 a . 'thanks J lim
fine.'
3 ' l # 3 o 1 #
d o b r o d o b r o
Note that when a short rising primary stress ('I (as in Ikolikoi) loses
the stress on the syllable following J it is replaces by 1'1 (/koliko/). The
explanatory spelling shows how two stresses 1 1 are 0
replaced by one 11
for
both /koliko/ and /hv~lal in this situation. Th~s is not true of all speakers.
Some do not drop the second of the two accents I~ol before a period juncture
/#/. They would say /koliko/ J /dobro/ J as well as /hv!la/ (h v a a l a ).
The units mark the words in their most distinctive form (only /koliko/) when
under primary stress J as the difference is automatic.
A word given in isolation, as in the build-ups to the sentences, will

naturally have primary stress. This is because a single word said by itself
is given the intonation of a whole phrase and must have J as a phrase J a primary
stress. This means that the word is very likely to change in the sentence to
secondary stress where it is part of a longer phrase.
18

BASIC COURSE UNIT l
Secondary stress is less loud than primary and does not carry over into
the following syllable. A short secondary stress (/1/) will correspond to
both /'1 and /'/1 a long secondary stress (1.1./) is a long stressed vowel cor-
responding to both I~/ and I~/. Long unstressed vowels l as I!/I occur only in
words with primary stress (1'1 or 1'1).
[G.D. 1.1.5]
3~ 1# 2.1. 3, _1#
ja. but ja vas razumem. II understand
you l
3, _1# 21 3,1_ #
elim. but elim da jedem. II want to
eat'
3,1 # 3~1# 3, _1# 21 1 3, l #
kako. to. zove. but kako se to zove na srpskom. 'how is
that
said in
Serbian?'
Both 1'1 and 1'1 change to III, I~I and I~/ to III. Unstressed length j-I is
lost if not in a word with 1 "/1 as in ~elrml but ~elim/.
As mentioned above, j'l and I~I have been known as 'falling accents' and
1'1 and I~I as 'rising accents l This is phonetically true when they occur
with pitch 131 and carry over into the following syllable (see line drawings
of the pitch above.) When they are on pitch, they indicate a carryover
of stress into the following syllable but not necessarily a rise in pitch:
[G.D. 1.1.6]
~
2 3 ~
h v a l a
I
I 2 ,
d o b r o " l #
s a m
Ithanks, Ilm finel
L Iplease excu se[me] I

3 ' 2 _ 2 ~ l #
m o l i m i z v i n i t e
The terms 'rising l and Ifalling' are used for convenience, but theyare.
not quite accurate.
19

Grammatical Drill
GD 1.2 Vowels
These drills are practices on the vowels, arranged according to stress.

Particular attention is to be paid to both pitch and stress in imitating. Care
should also be taken not to add an English Z off-glide to Serbo-Croatian lei,
/i/, li/ or to final short /e/. /0/, /u/, /0/ and In/ should be rounded with
no ~ glide.
GD 1.2.1 lal
/a/ short Ifalling l stress
,
ali pas
when if but dog
These are shorter than ordinary ~ in English. Keep them clear 'al in
quality and clip them short. Donlt drawl.
I~I long 'falling' stress
p~d b~nda mr~k pr~vda ja:k

fall band darkness justice strong
These are very much like the a sound in English pond, pod, etc. We can
also symbolize them by such a spelling as /paad/, /baanda/, where the stress is
on the first part of the long vowel.
lal short 'risingI stress before a short vowel
botanika sastanak napredak

botany spoon today meeting progress
lal short IrisingI stress before a long vowel
mladI izlaga Slaven pasulj

young man exhibitor Slav beans
lal after /'/
sazvati sadanjI saznati magla

convoke present find out fog
,
kr~tati snaga hr~na klfma
be moving strength food climate
20

BASIC COURSE UNIT l
JiJ long 't'ising' st:ress

, ,
ambasada d~tum narodnr rAzlog nAro~ito
embassy date national reason especially
lal after 1'1

, , ,
ovamo ostalI peak seljak rezult~t
hither remaining pedestrian peasant result
lal short unstressed
gledati iznad izrada sobarica sa~alj~nje

look above manufacture chambermaid compassion
lal long unstressed

,
oblak iznenada raspadanje knji~ar opadanje
cloud suddenly dissolution bookseller decreasing
GD 1.2.2 lei
lei short 'falling' stress
mek "
veza bez eto jelo
soft connection without there' food
I~I long 'fallingi stress (often - lije/)
b~lr "
lep l~vo m~so m~tar
the white beautiful (on the) left meat 'meat'
/e/ short 'rising' stress before a short vowel

, ,, ,
selo peci tele pero delimi~no
village to roast calf pen partly
/el short 'risingi stress before a long vowel

,
benzIn bulevar de~ak jel<5vnik metod
gasoline boulevard boy menu method
21

lei a:fter 1'1

, ,
nedelja preterati koverat zeleznica pon~to
Sunday exaggerate envelope ra1lroad somewhat
I~I long Irising' stress (often - lijel)

,
petak t~ko ~tnja l~a pr~p1s
Friday dif:ficult walk back copy
, , ,
d~te mleko venac bledo
child milk wreath pale
/e/ long after /'/ (often - lijel)

,
Izneti pod~njen peem kvalitet neverani
to take out divided rIm roasting quality unfaithful
/el short unstressed

,
Beograd meovit razmena lepota meteorologija
Belgrade mixed exchange beauty meteorology
lei long unstressed
slabljenje ruenje ugledan jedem puenje

weakening destruction prominent rim eating smoking
GD 1.2.3 /i/
/11 short Ifalling l stress'
bIoskop bItan bIti dim ime

movie theater essential to be smoke name
II/ long ':falling' stress
dIvan :fInI mI vl sIn

wonder:ful :fine we you son
/il short trising t stress before a short vowel
blizina imati klizav proizvod ivot

nearness to have slippery product li:fe
22

BASIC COURSE UNIT l
III short Irisingi stress before a long vowel

,
brljanje lna:ce priznat minut invazi~a
shaving otherwise recognized minute invasion
jij after 1'1

,
granica iseliti malina stolica oni
border to move away raspberry chair they
Ifl long Irisingi stress

,
blIzu prflike gubItak If ce vfza
near occasion loss face visa
Iii after 1'1

, , , ,
kostim krompir magazin bolesnIk useljenik
costume potatoes department sick man imrnigpant
store
Iii short unstressed
jeftin stanica graanin divota sitnina

cheap station citizen beauty change
jij long unstressed

,
volIm ~lI sedite savezni unutranjI
I like small seat federal internal
GD 1.2.4 jul
lul short Ifalling' stress
drugi dug Jug kUvati muka

second long south cook trouble
juj long 'falling' stress
dU glUp krUg mU
along stupid circle husband tooth
kitchen
23

lul short 'rising f stress before a short vowel

, , , , ,
gubiti kupina muzika dubok pustiti
to' lose bla.ckberry music deep to let
lul short 'rising' stress before a long vowel

, , ,
gubIm munIcija izuz~v jun!k konzul!t
l'm losing ammunition except hero consulate
lul after /'/

, ,
v{ljU~ka sanduk postupak postupno ustupak
fork chest procedure gradua.lly concession
kr~nuti uZ!lud
move in vain
/0./ long 'rising f stress

,
kUpiti nvati dOvati prUga bl;lza
buy to keep, guard blow track blouse
/'0./after /'/
,
sapun pro,utm rai1n oril~je ugil~en
soap I continue bill weapon suffocated
/u/ short unstressed
jabuka urAditi kukUruz budUnost ustanoviti

apple do corn future establish
/0./ long unstressed

,
mehur vazdUh sporazUm limUn raztIrn
bubble air agreement lernon reason
GD 1.2.5 101
/0/ short 'falling! stress
godina boca dok jo~
who year bottle while still
24

BASIC COURSE UNIT l
/~/ long 'falling l stress
s~ v gbst dbba mbre

salt ox guest period of sea
time
/0/ short Irisingi stress before a short vowel

, , ,
dobiti govoriti goveda borba biologija
receive speak cattle struggle biology
/0/ short 'rising' stress before a long vowel

,
don~ti ko l a: CS bol! stomak portIr
bring pastry it hurts stomach desk clerk
/0/ after 1'1

, , ,
domovina porodica uopte ponosit period
homel and family in general proud period
/5/ long Irising' stress

,, ,
doci gorak k6CSnica b61nica k6tati
come bitter brake hospital cost
/'(5/ after /'/

,
devojka balkon vagon odbojka kamion
girl balcony railroad car volleyball truck
/0/ short unstressed

dolina jagoda malo ' ,
domaclca napolje
valley strawberry a little hostess outside
10/ long unstressed

milost sino pomo svetlost
mercy last night help light
GD 1.2.6 Ir/
Iri short 'ralling' stress
25

UNIT SERBO-CROATIAN
, ,
prst srce drvo grlo prljav
finger heart wood throat dirty
1f!1 long Ifalling' stress
tf-g tf!k Pf!vo cf.n c!,kva

square gallop first black church
Iri short Irising' stress before a short vowel
treati ubrzati izdrati rav drava

run speed up endure bad state
Iri short Irisingi stress before a long vowel

,
prvak crtae hrvanje
champion draftsman wrestling
Iri after /'/
podrka
' ,
povrce Uskrs zagrliti prevrtati
support vegetable Easter embrace turn over
lial long IrisingI stress

, , ,
sviaiti p~ljati trpeti srdnja srna
finish soil suffer a.nger deer
Iri after /'/
lzvi"en zagrljen lsprljan ogrnilt Umrvi

carried out embraced soiled covered having died
Iri short unstressed

,
brzina povrlna dovr&vati ostrvo trgovati
speed surface complete island trade
Iri long unstressed
Umrla preti'pan
she dies crowded
26

BASIC COURSE UNIT l
GD 1.2.7 Contrasts in length and stress
The inportance of the differences in stress and vowel length are best
shown by words which differ only in these respects. While such minimal pairs
are not common, a number of them are given here to help the student hear the
differences. Some examples which are otherwise different but which illustrate
the contrast in stress and/or length are also included.
1'1 and I~I
grad hail gr~d city

,
pas dog pa:s belt
sad now sa:d planting
Grk Greek gr-k bitter
beg bey b~g flight
luk onion lUk arch
skUp assembly skUp expensive
dug long dUg debt
kupljen gathered kUpljen bought
kos slant k5s blackbird
hrom lame hr5m chrome
I~I ILI
,
r~van plane ravan even, flat
,
r~dio radio radio worked
,
p~tI fifth peti se to climb
/'1 /'1
greens zelen green
Umean adroit umean involved
27

,
rUm~n red color rumen red
, ,
gor~ worse gore theyIre burning
moi relics ',

moci to be able to
staja:nje stopping sta.ja:nje standing
/'/ /~/
,
ravan amble rAvan even, flat
slagati to lie sligati to arrange
, ,
selo village s~lo rural get together
,
svetlo light svetlo light (adv. )
nemati a bad mother n~mati not to have
sedeti to be sitting s~diti to get gray hair

krUnj~nje crowning krUnj~nje shelling of corn
/'/
,
pravo straight ahead pr~vo right (no\ID)
mladez birth-mark ml~de youth
kada when k~da bathtub
plavljenje flood pl~vlj~nje blue color
parenje hot bath p~renje mating
prez~nje startling (noun) pr~z~nje harnessing

bilo pulse bflo was (n.)
vinja sour cherry vfnja a kind of green bean
ruka roar hand, arm

kupiti to collect kl1piti to bUy
stave dUga rainbow

,
gore forests, up g6re up
28

BASIC COURSE UNIT l
Multiple Contrasts
,
ravan amble ra.van plane r~van even, flat
,
gore forests gore worse gore they burn
,
gore up
,
krvav bloody krvnIk murderer kf.v blood
kf.vca blood (poet.)
GD 1.2.8 Diphthongs: Vowel plus Ijl

When a vowel is followed by JJI the tongue moves further forward and
upward than the corresponding English vowel plus Iy/. This gives the effect of
a more vigorous and intense articulation of the Ij/.
g~jtan pokuaj papagaj

grove cord attempt parrot
ajkula hajde ba.jka aj ~jnIk

shark let1s go fairy tale tea tea-pot
br5j 15j v5jnI

number tallow swarm military
vojnIk v5jska r.zboj

soldier army loom
kUj na rUjno bUjnost Ujnost

kitchen red sumac profusion audibility
(plants)
Ujno d~jstvo k~j z~jtin zejtinjenje

audible effect quai oil oiling
GD 1.2.9 Miscellaneous sequences of vowels

,
auto mluka pauza pauk samouk
auto science pause spider self-taught
man
29

, ,
pneumati~an reumatizam aerodrom jedanaest
pneumatic rheumatism airport eleven
,
taoci kotao ~rao saobraaj saop~titi
hostages kettle eagle traffic to announee
,
"
veseo "
zreo pepeo meteorolok! "
smeo
gay ripe ash meteorolo- daring
gica+
Note 1.4 Consonants. The consonants as given in Note 1.1 are:
A. P t k s c ~ f h
B. b d g z z dz dz v
C. r l lj m n nj j
The division into groups A, B and C is based partly on the sound and
partly on where the consonants may occur. All of Group A are voiceless (made
without vibration of the vocal cords). Those in Group B are volced (pronounced
with simultaneous vibration of the vocal cords) and each one corresponds to a
similar voiceless consonant in A (/bl to Ipl, Idi to Itl, etc.). Those in
Group Care voiced but do not palr with voiceless ones.
Some general observations may be made in regard to certain groups of

consonants. It may seem that some of the differences pointed out between the
Serbo-Croatian sounds and similar English sounds are very slight. This does
not mean they are unimportant. The proper pronunciation of such a slight dif-
ference will make a great deal of difference to the Serbo-Croatian listener.
lp t kl in Serbo-Croatian do not have the strong puff of breath found

after English E i ~ in pot, top, ~ (this 'aspiration' occurs in English before
a stressed vowel when no ~ precedes the E ~ or ~). They should have very little
aspiration, more as in English spot, stop, Scot.
lb
d g z dz vl in Serbo-Croatian are all voiced, as noted above. At
the beginning of a word comparable English sounds such as ~ ~ ~ ~ 1 y (bed,
dead, gag, zeal, jump, veal) begin like E i ~ ~ ~ ! and then begin voicing.
The Serbo-Croatian sounds, on the other hand, are voiced from the beginning.
30

BASIC COURSE UNIT l
We might diagram this in this fashion:
English b Serbo-Croatian b
is pronounced pb is pronounced bb
This difference is particularly hard for the speaker of English to hear.
GD 1.3.1
,
p~ polazI popraviti par pIvo
half leaves to fix pair beer
bob borba b~51 soba grob

lima-bean battle pain room grave
lt dl GD 1.3.2
Serbo-Croatian Itl and Idi are made by pressure of the tongue against
the teeth, not the ridge back of the teeth, as in English. As noted above,
Serbo-Croatian Itl does not have the strong puff of breath the English! has
in certain positions (e.g. in top). Nor does Serbo-Croatian Itl have the great
number of variants English! has. Listen to your own! in: top, stop, E.2!,
bottle, button, butter. Each of these is phonetically different. The! of
butter or button would sound very strange in Serbo-Croatian and might not be
understood.
tVf-d sat tajna tele prst

hard hour secret calf finger
,
dobar rad davno delo glad
good work long time ago work hunger
Icl GD 1.3.3
Icl is like! plus s said as a unit. It is also more dental than English
t. (The vocal counterpart Idzl is like ~ plus ~ said as a unit.)
... , ,
ceo cena cf-kva crnac
whole price red spot church negro'
cf-n
black
31

/ l GD l. 3 4
Serbo-Croatian I / are made on the teeth, as It/ and /d/. Try making
/t/ plus /j/ (1), then a soft ~ type of sound in the same position. l/ and
// have relatively high pitch.
,, ,, ,,
curB:n vec Ud Ui cumur
turkey already disposition to go in charcoal
a.k graanin roa:k

pupil quarrel citizen relative
/ d/ GD l. 3.5
ll and Idl are made with tongue pressure against the ridge back of the
teeth. They are lower pitched than English ch and~ and quite different from
l/ and //. Some Yugoslavs use sounds like English ~ and ~ and have no dis-
tinction between Ii and // or l/ and /d/.
ovek uti elik obrU ist

man to hear steel hoop clean
dk dln dmija dlrInditi

sack giant without pay mosque to toil
/ l GD l. 3 . 6
Serbo-Croatian /I and jl are lower in pitch than the English sounds.

The tongue is drawn farther back and the back of the tongue is lower in Serbo-
Croatian than in English.
ator ~la kola ljiva

tent joke school plum hen
zaba pznja ut ito

sorrow frog attention yellow grain
Ir/ GD 1.3.7
Serbo-Croatian Ir/ is a tongue tip trill. The tongue vibrates against

the back of the teeth. The 'vowel' Iri is this same trill, accompanied by a
kind of a [a] (uh) sound. The English ~ is very different, having no trill and
)2

BASIC COURSE UNIT l
turning the tip of the tongue back.
r.d rUka pr~dmet rUa d~r

work hand, arm object rose dift
A final Iri, as in Id~rl is often voiceless.
Ihl GD 1.3.8
Serbo-Croatian Ihl is not English h English h is a breathing out of air,
the position of the tongue depending on the following vowel. the h in he is i
height; the h in hoe is ~ height, etc.
Serbo-Croatian Ihl is a sound made by placing the tongue in a k-like

position, humped up nearly touching the back part of the roof of the mouth. It
has a slight friction noise similar to that made when clearing the throat. Do
not use English h for this sound.
hotel hr~m strah hr~na hr~bar
hotel temple fear food courageous
hV~la zahvalan shvatati neshvAtljivo hiljada

thanks grateful to comprehend incompre- air
hensible
dUh dah hitan hl~d vazduh

spirit breath urgent shade air
lk gl GD l. 3 . 9
Serbo-Croatian Iki does not have the strong puff of breath often found
after English ~.
konj j~k koren mek kratak

horse strong root soft short
,
glog govor mfg razgovor plug
hawthorn speech hint conversa- plough
tion
lk gl stop the flow of air completely. Ihl restricts the flow but does not
stop it. The tongue is relaxed for Ihl but tense for lk gl.
33

/1/ GD 1.3.10
Serbo-Croatian has two /1/ sounds, a lower pitched one, /1/, much like
English, and a higher pitched one, /lj/.
lak l~rma b5lnlca mIld topal

light noise hospital young warm
,
va.l obal b~l kanal
pain wave round ball canal
svIla zalost zahv~ln5st zlonameran

mud silk s orrow gratitude rnalicious
/lj/ GD 1.3.11
The /lj/ sound is not /1/ plus /j/ (y). It is an l sound made with the
tongue in a similar position to that in saying /j/ (English Z).
ljUbav ljut kelj ugalj d~ljati
love angry kale coal to harrow
ljUdi polje selja:k poljubac prljav

men field peasant kiss dirty
/n/ GD 1.3.12
Serbo-Croatian /n/ is made by pressure of the tongue against the teeth,
not the ridge back of them.
, ,
novine n5z san nos~c pun
newspaper knife dream porter full
, ,
nada nevreme nevolja nem1n5vno nem~a:nje
hope bad weather trouble unavoidably non-inter-
ference
Injl GD 1.3.13
Serbo-Croatian also has two Ini sounds, one made with the tongue in Ijl
position: Inj/. This, like Ilji, has higher pitch than Ini. It is not the ~
plus Z of English canyon.
njegov njiva s~njati pa.nj kl~nje
his field to dream stump slaughtering
34

BASIC COURSE UNIT l
manjina vinja l~cenje sm~tnja m~njati

minority sour cherry medical treat- obstacle to change
ment
/s/ GD 1.3.14
,
s~t sav setva gl~s praksa
olclock all sowing voice practice
/z/ GD 1.3.15
, ,
zv~zda zvezdara zvono zlo zarez
star observatory bell evil notch
/f/ GD 1.3.16
fenjer jeftin furuna fizika federatlvan

lantern cheap stave physics federal
/v/ GD 1.3.17
vId vetak vece gl~va pf.vl

sight expert evening head first
/j/ GD 1.3.18
Serbo-Croatian /j/ is much like English ~ It is generally higher than

~, however, just as /i/ is higher than English!. In other words, it does not
adjust to the height of the adjacent vowel to the extent English does.
jabuka sj~j
strong hero apple gleam
Note on stress and length symbols
There is a set of symbols devised in the early ninteenth century to

indicate primary stress and length. These are widely used and will be found
in many grammars and dictionaries. Examples are:
~ short falling for' ,.. long falling for

, short rising for / long ris ing for
Secondary stress is not distinguished in this system.
35

UNIT 2 SERBOr-CROATIAN
UNIT 2
BASIC SENTENCES
Places and Directions Mjesto i pravac MeCTO H npaBa~
where is gdje je I",zr.e je
embassy ambasada aM6aca.n:a
3 2 12 L 1# 3 .. 2 12 1#
Where is the embassy? Gdje je ambasada? r,zr.e je 8K6aca,zr.a?
,
right desno .n:ecHO
on the right na desno Ha ,zr.ecHO
2 3L 2 12 .. l 2 3: 2 12 '1
The embassy is on the right. Ambasada je na desno.AM6aca,zr.a je Ha ,zr.eCHO.
(question word) li
whether lS~; lS~ /1,8 Jlv. jA
far daleko ,zr.aJIeKO
, -
from here odavde o,zr.tlB,ll,e
3, 2 L I 3' 2 J 12 I
Is the embassy far from here? Da li je ambasada ~a ~H je aM6aca,zr.a ,zr.aJIeKO
2 , _l # , -1 #
daleko odavde? o,zr.as,zr.e?
3"112'1
Yes" it is. ~a, jecTe.
36

BASIC COURSE UNIT 2
"
hotel hotel XOTeJI
left lijevo JIe BO
on the left na lijevo Ha JIeBO
3, 2 12 3' 2 12:'1 #
Is the hotel on the left? Da li je hotel na Il.a JIll je XOTeJI Ha JIeso?
,l #
lijevo?
3,2 12,1 3'212'1

Yes, it is. Da, jest. lJ..a, jecTe.
:l-
he, it on OH
,
near, nearby "
blIzu 6JIH3y
3~2 12 . !. l 3~2 '2 =. 1

It1s nearby. On je blizu. OH je 6JIH3Y.
station kolodvor (Cr)
3, 2 I 3' 2 12 =. 1#
Is the station near [here]? Da li je kolodvor Il.a JIH je CTaHlIU& 6JIH3Y?
2..!. 1#
blizu?
no, not ne He
she, it ona OHa
/
it is not, it isn1t nije Haje
12~ 3' l ~ 3'212' 3' 1 Jo

No, it isn't near [here]. Ne, on nije blizu. He, OHa BRJe 6JCH3Y.
37

UNIT 2 SERBO-CROATIAN
,
that to TO
restaurant restoran
, -
3~ 2 12 '_l 3~ 2 '2 '-1
Thatfs the restaurant. To Je restoran. To je pecTopaB.
go idite HllHTe
straight pravo npaso
3, 2 12, l 3'Z Iz '1

Go straight [ahead]. Idite pravo. K,D.HTe npaso.
there, over there tamo TaKO
3,2 12, l 3'1

The station is over there. Tamo Je kolodvor. TaKO je CTaBHQ8..
A
,
theater
-
kazali~te (Cr) noaopHDITe
3 ' 2 12, 1_ #
Gdje Je kazalite?
3 ' 2 '2: 1 #
Where is the theater? r,u.e je nOaOpHmTe?
here ovdje OB,tI;e
23.t 2 12, _l 23: 2 '2:' 1-

The theater is here. Ovdje Je kazalite. OB,tI;e je nOaOpHmTe.
A
,
village selo naJlo
21 3, 12 ZI 3' 12
Is the village far from here? Da li je selo daleko ~a ~ je ce~o ,tI;a~eKO
, _l # , -1 #
odavde? o.u,aB,tI;e?
it, (rarely: he, she) ono OHO
38

BASIC COURSE UNIT 2
3, 12. , l
3' 12' 1
It1s not far. Ono nije daleko. OHO JiHje ~aJ1~RO.
NOTES
Note 2.1 Noun: Genders
Da li je hotel na levo? Da" jeste. On je blizu.

Da li je stanica blizu? Ne" ona nije blizu.
Da li je kolodvor blizu? Ne, on nije blizu.
Ovde je pozorite. Ono nije daleko.
To je restoran.
Serbo-Croatian nouns fall into three classes according to gender: mascu-

line, feminine and neuter. Masculine nouns are replaceable by masculine pronouns
(as IBnl Ihe [or other masculine reterent]' above) feminine (as lonal 'she [or
other feminine referent] I) and neuter by neuter ,(as lonol 'it [or other neuter
referent] I). Note that IOni refers back to Ihotell and Ikolodvor/, lnal to
Istanica/, and lnol to I p 6zoritel (or lkazalitel). The answer uses lonal
when Istanica/ Istation' is used" but 15n/ wh~n Ikolodvor/ Istation' is used.
Some nouns which have occurred so far and their categories are:
Mascullne :Feminine Neuter

).,
d~n noe j~tro
,
gospodin gospoa p6zorite
,
hotel gospoica m~sto (Iplacel)
,
restoran ambasada kazalIte
,
pravac ('direction' ) stanica
kolodvor
These nouns are all in the nom1native singular case. Most masculine nouns (in
this case) end in a consonant" most feminine nouns end in l-al, most neuters in
I-oi or l-el. There is a separate declension of feminines to which /n5/
belongs. (Details of declensions and other variants will be given later.)
Note that Itoj 'that' as pointing out the item, not modifying it, is
always the same (neuter singular). In I~ is arestaurant l " 'that is a hoteli,
39

Ithat is a theaterI, etc., the Ithat l is always /t5/.
Note 2.2 Verb: lisI tisnItI
To je restoran.
Ona nije blizu.
Da , j es t ( e ) .
There are three forms of the verb Ito bel here: normal, unstressed /je/
lis' (after another word in the clause), the independent stressed form /jeste/
or /jest/ lit is, he is, she is', and the negative /nlje/ lisnIti. Some speakers
also use a stressed ljef before /li/ at the beginning of a sentence or clause
/Je li stanica blizu./ (= /Da li je stanica blizu/; see Note 2.3).
Note 2.3 Question words
Kako ste.
Gde je ambasada.
Da li je ambasada daleko odavde.
The words /kako/ and /gde/ (/gdje/) are question words which usually occur
at the beginning of the sentence or clause. They normally have primary stress.
The question phrase /da li/ comes at the beginning of the sentence or
clause. The unstressed ljef follows immediately. /li/ is a question particle
which is always unstressed and is added to a stressed word or particle.
Note that the normal stress and pitch of sentences with question words is
the same as for statements. Serbo-Croatian may also use arising intonation
pattern, as English may, but this is less frequent.
Answers to yes or no questions are normally brief. Both short and long
answers are given in the drills.
As indicated in Note 2.2 above, /je li/ tis?! may be used instead of
Ida li jele This usage - the verb first followed by /li/ is less common than
it used to be. (Exarnples of /da li je/ alternating with /je li/ are found in
GD 3.3.2.)

BASIC COURSE UNIT 2
Note 2.4 Abbreviations Ig.l, Ig-a/, 19-cal

The abbreviations for Igospodin/, Igospoal and Igospoical are Ig.l, Ig-al
and 19-cal respectively. Note that only Ig.1 IMr.' uses a period.
v v
GRAMMATICAL DRILL - GRAMATICKO VEZBANJE
The drills are given in the eastern dialect but central words are often
added. The instructor who wishes may use central vocabulary and structure
throughout. Some examples of conversion are given after I in the drills below.
2.1 Noun - Imenica: Substitution - Zamena
Affirmative sentences - Potvrdne recenice
Ambasada je daleko odavde. Restoran je blizu. Pozorite je pravo.
Stanica je na levo. Hotel je na desno. IKolodvor je ovdje.
Negative sentences - Odreene recenice
Ambasada nije daleko odavde. Ona je blizu.
Hotel nije na desno. On je na levo.
Stanica nije na levo. Ona je pravo.
IKolodvor nije na lijevo. On je pravo.
Pozorite nije pravo. Ono je na desno.
IKazalite nije pravo.
Restoran nije blizu. On je daleko.
Affirmative sentence - Potvrdne recenice
To je ambasada. To je gospoa Jovi. To je pravo.
To je hotel. To je gospoica Jovi. To je na levo.
To je na lijevo.
To je stanica. Ovde je g. Jovi. To je ovde.

,
ITo je kolodvor. OVdje je g. Jovic. To je oVdje.
To je pozorite. To je daleko odavde.

UNIT 2 SERBO- CROATIAN
/To je kazalite.
To je gospodin Jovi. To je restoran. To Je na desno.
Other substitutions - Druge zamene
Idite pravo. Idite na levo. or Idite levo.

/lijevo
Idite na desno. or Idite desno. Idite tamo.
Idite odavde.
Negative sentences - Odreene recenice
To nije ambasada. To je stanica. To nije pravo. To je na levo.

/lijevo
/kolodvor
To nije hotel. To je ambasada. To nije g. Jovi.
To nije stanica. To Je restoran. To nije g-a Jovi.
To nije pozorite. To Je hotel. To nije g-ca Jovi.
/kazalite
To nije restoran. To je pozorite. G. Jovi nije ovde. /ovdje*
/kazalite To nije ovde. /ovdje
To nije na desno. To nije daleko odavde.
To nije na levo. /lijevo
2.2 Questions and Answers - Pitanja i odgovori
Questions - Pitanja (pitanje) Answers - Odgovori (odgovor)
Gde je ambasada? Ambasada je na levo. /lijevo. Nije daleko.
Gde je hotel? Hotel Je na desno. On je blizu.
Gde je stanica? Stanica je pravo. Nije daleko.

/kolodvor
Gde je pozorite? Pozorite je tamo. Ono je daleko.

/kazalite
Gde je restoran? Restoran je ovde. On je blizu.
* maid speaking /ovdJe

BASIC COURSE UNIT 2
Short affirmative reply - Kratak potvrdan odgovor
Da li je ambasada daleko odavde? Jest(e). Da li je to pozorite? Jest(e).

/kazalite
Da li je hotel na desno? Jest (e). Da li je to restoran? Jest(e).
Da li je stanica na levo? Jest(e). Da li je to daleko odavde? Jest(e).

/kolodvor na lijevo
Da li je pozorite pravo? Jest (e) Da li je to na desno? Jest(e).

/kazalite
Da li je restoran blizu? Jest(e). Da li je to na levo? Jest(e).

/lijevo
Da li je to ambasada? Jest (e) . Da li je to pravo? Jest(e) .
Da li je to hotel? Jest(e). Da li je to ovde? Jest (e) .

/ovdje
Da li je to stanica? Jest(e). Da .li je to tamo? Jes t (e).

/kolodvor
Long affirmative reply - Dug potvrdan odgovor
Da li je restoran blizu? Da, restoran je blizu.
Da li je ambasada daleko odavde? Da, ambasada je daleko odavde.
Da li je hotel na desno? Da, hotel je na desno.
Da li je stanica na levo? Da, stanica je na levo.

/kolodvor na lijevo /kolodvor je na lijevo
Da li je pozorite pravo? Da, pozorite je pravo.

/kazalite /kazalite
Da li je to ambasada? Da, to je ambasada.
Da li je to hotel? Da, to je hotel.
Da li je to stanica? Da, to je stanica.

/kolodvor /kolodvor
Da li je to pozorite? Da, to Je pozorite.
/kazalite /kazalite
Da li je to restoran? Da, to je restoran.
43

Da li je to daleko odavde? Da, to je daleko odavde.
Da li je to na desno? Da, to je na desno.
Da li je to na levo? Da, to je na levo.

/lijevo /lijevo
Da li je to pravo? Da, to je pravo.
Da li je to ovde? Da, to je ovde.

/ovdje /ovdje
Da li je to tamo? Da, to je tamo.
Short negative reply - Kratak odrecan odgovor
Da li je pozorite pravo? Ne, nije. Da li je stanica na levo? Ne, nije.
Da li je restoran blizu? Ne, nije. Da li je to ambasada? Ne, nije.
Da li je ambasada daleko odavde? Ne, nije. Da li je to hotel? Ne, nije.
Da li je hotel na desno? Ne, nije. Da li je to stanica? Ne, nije.
Da li je to pozorite? Ne, nije. Da li je to na levo? Ne, nije.
Da li je to restoran? Ne, nije. Da li je to pravo? Ne, nije.
Da li je to daleko odavde? Ne, nije. Da li je to ovde? Ne, nije.
Da li je to na desno? Ne, nije. Da li je to tamo? Ne, nije.
Expanded short negative reply - Proiren kratak odrecan odgovor
Da li je stanica na levo? Ne, nije. Ona je na desno.
Da li je pozorite pravo? Ne, nije. Ono je na levo.
Da li je restoran blizu? Ne, nije. On je daleko.
Da li je ambasada daleko odavde? Ne, nije. Ona je blizu.
Da li je hotel na desno? Ne, nije. On je na levo.
Expanded long negative reply - Dug odrecan odgovor
Da li je hotel na desno? Ne, hotel nije na desno. On je na levo.
Da li je stanica na levo? Ne, stanica nije na levo. Ona je pravo.
Da li je pozorite pravo? Ne, pozorite nije pravo. Ono Je na desno.
44

BASIC COURSE UNIT 2
Da li je restoran blizu? Ne, restoran nije blizu. On je daleko.
Da li je ambasada daleko odavde? Ne, ambasada nije daleko odavde. Ona je blizu.
Da li je to ambasada? Ne, to nije ambasada. To je hotel.
Da li je to hotel? Ne, to nije hotel. To je ambasada.
Da li je to stanica? Ne, to nije stanica. To je pozorite.

Da li je to pozorite? Ne, to nije pozorite. To je stanica.
Da li je to restoran? Ne, to nije restoran. To je hotel.
Da li je to daleko odavde? Ne, to nije daleko odavde. To je blizu.
Da li je to na desno? Ne, to nije na desno. To je na levo.
Da li je to na levo? Ne, to nije na levo. To je na desno.
Da li je to pravo? Ne, to nije pravo. To je na levo.
Da li je to ovde? Ne, to nije ovde. To je pravo.
Da li je to tamo? Ne, to nije tamo. To je ovde.
2.3 Question and Answer Drill with Prompt
l) The instructor is to say both the statement on the left and the corres-
ponding question on the right and the students are to repeat.
2) After the repetition drill is finished, the questions are to be covered.
The first student is to make a question on the basis of the first statement.
The second student is to give an appropriate answer and to make a question on
the basis of the second statement. The next student gives the answer and makes
a new question, etc.
Statement Question Statement Question
Hotel je na levo. Gde je hotel? Restoran je na levo. Gde je restoran?
Stanica je pravo. Gde je stanica? Ambasada je desno. Gde je Ambasada?
Pozorite je na desno. Gde je pozorite? To je hotel. Da li je to hotel?
Stanica je blizu. Da li je stanica Pozorite je daleko Da li je pozorite

blizu? odavde. daleko odavde?
Restoran je na levo. Da li je resto- Ambasada je na desno. Da li je Ambasada

ran na levo? na desno?
45

2.4 Situational Drill
Following is an outline map to practice asking directions.
Stanica
/kolodvor
I Ambasada
e A B
I Restoran I Pozori~te
/kazali~te
Assuming first that one is at position A, the students are to ask each
other questions such as /Gde je hotel?/, /Da li je hotel na levo?/, etc. The
student addressed is to reply appropriately in terms of the diagram.
The relative reference of the adverbs to be used may be diagrammed in two

ways -
pravo
levo A desno
daleko tamo
tamo
blizu
A
ovde
the adverbs within the circle referring to any space within the circle. As in-
dicated, /tamo/ need not be /daleko/ but points out '(over) there'.
2.5 Conversations - Razgovori (razgovor)
A. Da li je to ambasada? B. Ne, to nije ambasada.
A. Da li je ambasada daleko odavde? B. Da, jest.
Ambasada je tamo na lijevo.
Idite na lijevo.
46

BASIC COURSE UNIT 2
A. Da li je hotel blizu? B. Jest. To je hotel.
A. tivala. Do vienja. B. Molim. Do vienja.
A.- Ila .IH je TO aM6aca,tta? B. He, TO sRje aM6aca,tta.
A. JJ.a .IH je aK6aca,tta ,ttaJIeKO O,ttaB,tte? B. Ila, jecTe. AK6aca,tta je TaMO, Ha JIeBO.
H,ttHTe Ba JIeBO.
A. 1J.a JIH je XOTeJl 6J1HGY? B. JecTe. To je XOTeJI.
A. XBaJl8.. ilO BH~eJla. B. MOJIHJl. ilo BI!~eBa.
2.5.2
A. Da li je hotel daleko? B. Nije daleko.
A. Da li je to hotel? B. Nije. To je kazalite.
A. Gdje je hotel? B. Hotel je tamo, na desno.
Idite na desno.
A. Da li je restoran tamo? B. Da, jest.
A. Hvala. Do vienja. B. Molim. Do vienja.
A. Ila .IH je XOTeJI AaJIeKo? B HHje AaJIeKO.
A. 1J.a JlI! je TO XOTeJI? B. Hl!je. To je n030pHUITe.
A. r,tt8 je XOTeJI? B. XOTeJl je TaIlO, Ha AecHO.

MAHTe Ha ,ttecHO.
A. Ila JIM je peCTopaH TaKO? B. Aa, jecTe.
A. XB&JJa. JJ.o BH~eBa. B. MOJIHM. JJ.o BH~eHil.
47

UNIT 3
BASIC SENTENCES
The Hotel Hotel XOTe.lI
A
,
what kind, what [is
it] like
your ..
va, vaa, vae sam, sama, Bame
3, 2 I l ,l # 3' 2 12' '1 #

How is your hotel? Kakav je va hotel? ~Kas je sam xOTeJ!?
21 3' II 3' 2 12# 1#

Is it good? Da li je dobar? .na JIH je ,ZJ;o6ap?
my, mine
moj, moja, moje Ilaj, Koja, Jl~je
,
good dobar, dobra, ,ZJ;o6ap, ,ZJ;o6pa, ,ZJ;o6po
dobro
..
but ali aJIH
expensive skup, skupa, cKyn, cRyna, cRyno
skupo
My hotelIs good, but 2L 3, I 2J 3,,2 I :'1

Moj hotel je dobar, Moj XOTe~ je ,ZJ;o6ap, a~H CKYn.
expensive.
21 ~l
ali skup.
new nov, nova, novo HOB, HaBa, HaSo
21 3, II 2J 3'1
To je nov hotel. To je HaS XOTe~.
ThatIs a new hotel.
48

BASIC COURSE UNIT 3
and (with change of a a

sUbject or other
contrast), but
(un-emphatic)
.!. .!.
Tom Toma / Tomo Tova / TOMO
.!. .!.
TomJs Tomin, Tomina, TOVRH, TOMHHa, TOYHRO
.!. .!.
Tomino / Tomov / TOMoBO
room soba c06a
2 3, 2 12.!. l 2 3'
A K~KBa
2
je
'2: 1 #
And how is TomJs room? A kakva je Tomina TOMHHa c06a1
#
soba?
great, big, large velik, velika,
veliko
and, also, too i II
beautiful, handsome, lijep, lijepa, JIen, JIena, JIeno

nice
,
lijepo
2. 3,2 12 3' 2 13'2 ' 2 : 1#

Is it large and nice? Da li Je velika 1 ~a JIH je Be~HKa H JIena?
1#
lijepa?
B
his njegov, njegova, He fl OB , He fl osa , H:lElflOBO
njegovo
wife, woman zena
49

satisfied, pleased, zadovoljan, zado- 3a~OBO~B, 3a~OBO~Ba,

happy
-
veljna, zadovoljno 3&AOBO.bHO
2 1 3, 2 I 3'2 12'1
His wife is pleased. Njegova 'ena je He~oBa *eHa je 3aAOBO~Ha.
2,1
zadovoljna.
Zora Zora 30pa
Lo .L
Zorafs Zorin, Zorina, 30pHH, 30pHH8, 30pHHO
Zorino
Jovan Jovan / Ivan JOBaB / MBaH
Jovan's JovanQv/Jovanova,
Jovanovo / Ivanov JOBaHOBO / MBaHOB
21 3~ 12 21 3: 12 1
How is Zorals and Jovan1s Kakav je Zorin i KaKaB je 30pHH H JOBaHOB
hotel?
,l # '1 #
Jovanov hotel? XOTeJI?
their njihov, njihova, lHlXOB, lbHxoBa,
njihovo lHIXOBO
bad lo, loa, loe p~aB, p~aBa, P~8BO
small, little
~
-
mali, mala, malo
~
- ~
- MaJIH, V8JIa, M8JIO
clean, pure ~ist, ~ista, ~isto lIHCT, lIHCT8, 'iHCTO

BASIC COURSE UNIT 3
2 3 ,2 12 1 2 3'1
,
Their hotel isn1t bad, too. I njihov hotel nije li' JlrHXOB XOTeJI HHje p~aB.
It l s small, but clean.
,l 3~2_ I 3:2- '2' '1
lo. Mali j e, MaJIH je aJIH 1IHCT.
21 ,l
ali cist.
also takoer TaKo~e
, ,
- ,
-
comf'ortable udoban, udobna, yp,06aR, yp,06Ha, yp,06xo
udobno
2 1
2' 3 1
~heir room is also com- Njihova soba je HHxoBa co6a je TaKo~e
f'ortable and clean.
3~ 12 1 2' , 1
takoer udobna i y,l(06Ha H 1IHCTa.
l
cista.
2 3,2 12 2 3'2 12
And how is Mr. Smith? A kako je g. (gos- A KaKO je r. (roCnO,l(HH)
, JI '1 #
podin) Smit? CMHT?
21 3, # 21 3"'1 #
Is he pleased? Da li je zadovoljan? lJ.a JIH je 3ap,oBo.JJaH?
'o
SmithIs Smitov, -a, -o CM~TOB, CMHToBa, CMHTOBO
cheap jef'tin, jef'tina,
jef'tino
although iako HaKO
old star, -a, -o; CTap, CTapa, CTapa;
stari, -a, -o
- CTapH, CTapa, CTapo

2 1 3,2
2 3'2
Smithis hotel isn't cheap, Smitov hotel nije CMHTOB XOTe~ HHje je~TKH,
though it1s old.
21 21 :1 -
jeftin, iako je HaRo je CTapH.
l
star
thing, matter, point stvar f. CTsap
in that u tome Y TOMe
21 3 ~213' l 2 I J 3' 1
But, thatis not whatts the Ali stvar nije u tome. A~H, CTsap sMje Y TOMe.
matter.
A
in what u cemu y lIe},(y
2 3' l 1. # 2 3' 1 J #
What is the matter? U emu je stvar? y lI~MY je CTsap?
L
bath, bathroom, kupaona KynaTH~o
bathhouse /kupaonica
L
rather, fairly prilicno npH~lIHO
dirty prljav, -a, -o n~as, np~sa, n~so
2 1 3L 2 I 21 J 3 :. I
His bathroom is rather Njegova kupaona je Heposo lCynaTH~o je npH~HlISO
dirty.
2 L l 2'1
prilino prljava. Dp.LaBO.
, -
for that, therefore zato 3aTO
dissatisfied nezadovoljan,
nezadovoljna, -o He3Et,D,OBO.llHa, -o
2L 3,2j 2,1 2J 3'2-!?'1

Therefore he is dis- On je zato nezadovoljan. OH je aaTO He3a,D,OBO~H.
satis:fied.
52

BASIC COURSE UNIT 3
otherwise, moreover, inace

" -
Haa -qe
in addition, besides
to him njemu, mu HeMY, My
very jako 13 PJlO
3, _2 I 21 ), -2 I 2' 3'2
Otherwise, his room is Inace, soba mu je Maaqe, c06a My je BP~O
very comfortable, and
large. .L 3' _ 2 12 '2 "1
jako udobna i y~o6Ha H Be~HKa.
,l
velika.
NOTES
Note 3.1 Adjectives: Nominative Singular
Kakav je va hotel.
Moj hotel je dobar, ali skup.
To je nov hotel.
Mali je, ali cist.
Da li je zadovoljan?
Smitov hotel nije jeftin, iako je stari.
Serbo-Croatian adjectives are declined for three genders. The above

examples illustrate the masculine singular. Some adjectives regularly have
the ending I-II in the masculine singular, as Im~II/; some have no ending. Many
adjectives have no ending in what is known as the lindefinitel but I-II in the
ldefinite., e.g. /dobarl but IdobrI/. (See below for ldefinite' and tindefinite'.)
Tomina soba je velika i lepa.
Njegova zena je zadovoljna.
Njihova soba je takoe(r) udobna i cista.
Inace soba mu je vrlo udobna i velika.
53

These illustrate the feminine singular (nom1native case only). The ending is
I-a/ (I-al when the adjective is definite and has primary stress).
Njegovo kupatilo je prilino prljavo.
This example illustrates the neuter singular ending /-0/ (or /-~/j see
above under l-al). After some consonants (such as /j ~ ~/) the ending is l-el
(/moje/ Imy' /va~e/ 'your S ).
Adjectives which have occurred are: (nominative singular forms)
Masculine Feminine Neuter Meaning
-!
ist ista isto clean
dobar dobra dobro good
jeftin jeftina jeftino cheap

,
Jovanov Jovanova Jovanovo Jovan1s
lak laka lako light j easy

, ,
l~p lepa lepo beautiful
/lijep /lijepa IlijepO

mlil! mala malo small
lo lo~a loe bad
m~j moja moje my
nezadovHjan nezadov<5ljna nezadovOljno dissatisfied
njegov njegova njegovo his
njIhOV njihova njihovo their

, , ,
nov nova novo new
prljav prljava prljavo dirty
rav rava ravo bad
sknp skUpa s1ctlpo expensive
Smltov Smitova Smltovo SmithIs
star stara staro old

st:r! st~ra st~r5
54

BASIC COURSE UNIT 3
T5m1n T6m1na T6mino Tom's

,
udoban ud5bna ud5bno comfortable
va vaa vae your

,
velik velika veliko big, large
velik! velika: velik5
zadov5ljan zadov<5ljna zadov<5ljno satisfied

Z5rin Z6rina Z6rino Zorin 1 s
Some, but not all, adjectives have two different forms, called indefinite
and definite. The indefinite form has no ending in the masculine and generally
has 'rising 1 I 'I stress where possible. The definite has I-II as the
masculine singular ending, long vowel endings and falling I 'I stress throughout.
Compare: indefinite l~p l~pa l~po I lijep lijepa lijepo
definite l~PI l~p~ l~p5 I lijepI lijep~ lljep5
Since long vowels which are not themselves stressed are replaced by short
vowels when the word has secondary stress~ there is no contrast between definite
and indefinlte under secondary stress except in the mascullne singular:
indefinite
I
l~pi definite
The contrast definite/indefinite is therefore largely a matter of whether

the adjective has I-I/ in the masculine singular (nominative - and sometimes
accusative). In such a sentence as Imoj hotel je skupi the adjective is generally
the indefinite form. Where the adjective precedes the noun, it may be definite
or indefinite depending on the meaning: /dobar hoteli la good hotelI, Idobri
hoteli Ithe good hotel'. The definite is not simply to be equated with the
English use of Ithe' but with the concept of something specific, known, or the
like.
The difference in usage between /star/ and /str!/ is, however, more complex.
/star/ is used for people; Istr!1 may be used either of people or of things.
Whether /star/ or /st~rr/ is used of a given noun must be learned: /star ovek/
55

I ,
lan old manI Istarr gospodini lan old gentleman, the old gentleman'.
The adjectives Imoji, Ivai, Injegov/ and Injihovl will be taken up in

Note 4.1.
The adjectives IJovanovi, ISmitov/, /Tominl and /Zorin/ illustrate regular

forms made by adjective endings on noun bases. Nouns in I-a/ have the adjective
ending I-ini: IToma/ - /Tomin/, /Zoral - IZorin/. Nouns ending in a consonant
have the ending I-ovi: IJovan/ - /Jovanov/, ISmitl - /Smitov/. These endings
indicate Ipertaining tol and are here translatable as possessives: ITomIs,
IZoralsi, IJovanisr, fSmithls l (These are taken up in more detail in Notes
27.2.2, 27.2.3.)
The pair /zadovoljanl Isatisfiedl, /nezadovoljan/ 'dissatisfied I illustrates

the negative prefix /ne-I. This prefix occurs on many adjectives, most of which
also have a form without Ine-I. For the adjectives in the list above the only
other common form in /ne-/ is /neudoban/ luncomfortable l
GRAMMATICAL DRILLS
3.1 Learning Drill

3.1.1 Single substitution drill, with negative transform.
Following are substitutions with negative transforms. These may be drilled

first in the affirmative and then in the negative, or with the negative added as
a transform after each substitution.
To je veliki hotel. Tomin hotel je veliki.

(To nije veliki hotel.) (Tomin hotel nije veliki.)
mali rav Ilo dobar jeftin
skup udoban neudoban lep /lijep
eist prljav
To je velika soba. Tomina soba je velika.

(To nije velika soba.) (Tomina soba nije velika.)
mala rava Iloa dobra jeftina
skupa udobna neudobna lepa Ilijepa
56

BASIC COURSE UNIT 3
cista prljava
To je veliko selo. Tomino selo je veliko.

(To nije veliko selo.) (Tomino selo nije veliko.)
malo lepo /lijepo
cisto prljavo
To je Tomin hotel.
(To nije Tomin hotel.)
Zorin hotel veliki restoran udobna soba lepo selo /lijepo
nov hotel Tomjna soba njihova soba njegov hotel

/Tomova
skupa soba jeftin hotel staro pozorite stari restoran
/kazalite
Tomin restoran je veliki 1 lepo Tomin restoran nije veliki i lepo

/lijep Mali je i rav. /lo /liJep
Jovanov hotel Zorin restoran njegov hotel njihov restoran

/rvanov
Tomina soba je mala, ali cista i Tomina soba nije mala. Ona je
udobna. velika, ali neudobna.
njegova soba Zorina soba njihov kolodvor
vaa ambasada njihova stanica naa kupaonica
Tomino kupatilo je lepo i cisto. Tomino kupatilo nije lepo i cista.

Malo je i prljavo.
vae pozorite Zorina selo

/kazalite
Tomin hotel je dobar, iako je jeftin. Tomin hotel nije dobar, iako je skup.
Jovanov restoran njegov hotel njihov hotel va hotel
Tomina soba je prilino udobna, iako Tomina soba nije udobna, iako je
je mala. prilino velika.
vaa ambasada njihova stanica njegova soba Smitova soba
57

UNIT 3 SERO-CROATIAN
Tomino kupatilo je prilicno dobro, Tomino kupatilo nije dobro) iako

iako je staro. je novo.
vae pozorite njihovo pozorite
Jovan je zadovoljan. Jovan nije zadovoljan.

~ je nezadovoljan.
Toma gospodin
gospodin Jovi gospodin Smit
Zora je zadovoljna. ~ nije zadovoljna.

Zora je nezadovoljna.
gospoa gospoica gospoa Jovi
Jovanova zena gospoica Smit
3.1.2 Multiple substitution drill with negative transform.
The following drill gives two substitutions for the same sentence. On
initial drilling these substitutions are to be made one at a time. Below the
drilloutline the complete substitutions which may be made are given. This will
illustrate the order in which substitutions may be made in future drills.
Two other drills are added. These are to be drilled in the same way.
3.1.2 Multiple
l 2
Tomin hotel je veliki. Zorin mali neudoban
l 2 Jovanov lep /lijep
rav /lo
Tomin hotel nije veliki. njegov dobar ~ist
l 2 njihov jeftin prljav
Ivanov skup
Tomov udoban
58

BASIC COURSE UNIT 3
Tomin hotel je veliki. Tomin hotel nije veliki.
mali Tomin hotel je mali. Tomin hotel nije mali.
rav Tomin hotel je rav. /lo Tomin hotel nije rav. /lo
dobar Tomin hotel je dobar. Tomin hotel nije dobar.
jeftin Tomin hotel je jeftin. Tomin hotel nije jeftin.
skup Tomin hotel je skup. Tomin hotel nije skup.
udoban Tomin hotel je udoban. Tomin hotel nije udoban.
neudoban Tomin hotel je neudoban. Tomin hotel nije neudoban.
lep /lijep Tomin hotel je ~. /lijep Tomin hotel nije ~. /lijep
cist Tomin hotel je cist. Tomin hotel nije cist.
prljav Tomin hotel je prljav. Tomin hotel nije prljav.
Zorin hotel je veliki. Zorin hotel nije veliki.
mali Zorin hotel je mali. Zorin hotel nije mali.
rav Zorin hotel je rav. /lo Zorin hotel nije rav. /lo
dobar Zorin hotel je dobar. Zorin hotel nije dobar.
jeftin Zorin hotel je jeftin. Zorin hotel nije jeftin.
skup Zorin hotel je skup. Zorin hotel nije skup.
udoban Zorin hotel je udoban. Zorin hotel nije udoban.
neudoban Zorin hotel je neudoban. Zorin hotel nije neudoban.
lep /lijep Zorin hotel je ~. /lijep Zorin hotel nije ~. /lijep
cist Zorin hotel je cist. Zorin hotel nije cist.
prljav Zorin hotel je prljav. Zorin hotel nije prljav.
Jovanov hotel je veliki. Jovanov hotel nije veliki.
mali Jovanov hotel je mali. Jovanov hotel nije mali.
rav Jovanov hotel je rav. /lo Jovanov hotel nije rav. /lo
dobar Jovanov hotel je dobar. Jovanov hotel nije dobar.
jeftin Jovanov hotel je jeftin. Jovanov hotel nije jeftin.
59

skup Jovanov hotel je skup. Jovanov hotel nije skup.
udoban Jovanov hotel je udoban. Jovanov hotel nije udoban.
neudoban Jovanov hotel je neudoban. Jovanov hotel nije neudoban.
lep /lijep Jovanov hotel je ~. /lijep Jovanov hotel nije ~. /lijep
cist Jovanov hotel je cist. Jovanov hotel nije cist.
prljav Jovanov hotel je prljav. Jovanov hotel nije prljav.
Njegov hotel je veliki. Njegov hotel nije veliki.
mali Njegov hotel je !!!!l!. Njegov hotel nije mali.
rav Njegov hotel je ~. /lo Njegov hotel nije rav. /lo
dobar Njegov hotel je dobar. Njegov hotel nije dobar.
jeftin Njegov hotel je jeftin. Njegov hotel nije jeftin.
skup Njegov hotel je skup. Njegov hotel nije skup.
udoban Njegov hotel je udoban. Njegov hotel nije udoban.
neudoban Njegov hotel je neudoban. Njegov hotel nije neudoban.
lep /lljep Njegov hotel je ~. /lljep Njegov hotel nije ~. /lljep

cist Njegov hotel je cist. Njegov hotel nije cist.
prljav Njegov hotel je prljav. Njegov hotel nije prljav.
Njihov hotel je veliki. Njihov hotel nije veliki.
mali Njihov hotel je~. Njihov hotel nije ~.
rav Njihov hotel je ~. /lo Njihov hotel nije rav. /lo
dobar Njihov hotel je dobar. Njihov hotel nije dobar.
jeftin Njihov hotel je jeftin. Njihov hotel nije jeftin.
skup Njihov hotel je skup. Njihov hotel nije skup.
udoban Njihov hotel je udoban. Njihov hotel nije udoban.
neudoban Njihov hotel je neudoban. Njihov hotel nije neudoban.
lep /lijep Njihov hotel je ~. /lijep Njihov hotel nije ~. /lijep

cist Njihov hotel je cist. Njihov hotel nije cist.
60

BASIC COURSE UNIT 3
prljav Njihov hotel je prljav. Njihov hotel nije prljav.
l 2
Tomina soba je velika. Zorina mala udobna
l 2 Iloa neudobna
Jovanova rava
njegova dobra lepa /lijepa

Tomina soba nije velika. njihova jeftina cista
l 2 skupa prljava
l 2
Tomino selo je veliko. Zorino malo
l 2 Jovanov o lepo /lijepo
njegovo cisto
Tomino selo nije veliko. prljavo
l 2
3.2 Substitution-Correlation Drill
To je Tomin hotel. restoran zena

soba kupatilo
selo
To je Tomin hotel.
restoran To je Tomin restoran.
soba To je Tomina soba.
zena To je Tomina zena.
kupatilo To je Tomino kupatilo.
selo To je Tomino selo.
The rollowing drill is given in full, being a multiple substitution drill.

Future drills of this nature will be given in outline only.
l l 2
To nije moj hotel. restoran Jovanov
soba njegov
kupatilo /kupaona Smitov
zena
2
selo
To je Tomin hotel.
mesto /mjesto
stvar
61

To nije moj ~. To je Tomin hotel.
soba To nije moja !2E!.. To je Tomina soba.
kupatilo To nije moje kupatilo. To je Tomino kupatilo.

zena To nije moja zena. To je Tomina zena.
selo To nije moje ~ To je Tomino selo.

mesto To nije moje ~. To je Tomino mesto.
stvar To nije moja stvar. To je Tomina ~.
To nije moj hotel. To je Jovanov ~.
soba To nije moja !2E!.. To je Jovanova soba.
kupatilo To nije moje kupatilo. To je Jovanovo kupatilo.
zena To nije moja ~ena. To je Jovanova zena.
selo To nije moje selo. To je Jovanovo selo.
mesto To nije moje ~. To je Jovanovo mesto.
stvar To nije moja ~. To je Jovanova stvar.
To nije moj hotel. To je Smitov hotel.
soba To nije moja !2E!.. To je Sm1tova soba.
kupatilo To nije moje kupatilo. To je Smitovo kupatilo.
zena To nije moja zena. To je Smitova zena.
selo To nije moje ~. To je Smitovo ~.
mesto To nije moje ~. To je Smitovo mesto.
stvar To nije moja ~. To je Smitova stvar.
Following are substitutions with negative transforms.
62

BASIC COURSE UNIT 3
Moj restoran je veliki i lep./lijep (Moj restoran nije veliki ilep.)
va~a soba Tomino kupatilo va~e pozori~te

/Tomina kupaona !kazalite
njihova stanica Jovanov hotel vaa ambasada
Va~a soba je mala i cista. (Vaa soba nije mala i cista.)
Tomin hotel Jovanovo kupatilo vaSa.f!Jtanica

/Jovanova kupaona /va kolodvor
njihovo pozorite Tomin restoran Smitov hotel
/kazali~ite
Va~e pozori~te je lepo i cisto. /lijepo (Vae pozori~te nije lepo i cisto.)
Jovanov hotel njegov restoran njihova ambasada
nae kazalite Smitov restoran vaa stanica
Tomin hotel je lep i cist. /lijep . (Tomin hotel nije lep i cist.)
kolodvor soba restoran
ambasada pozorite stanica
kupaonica /kupaona
3.3 Question and Answer Drill

3.3.1 Informational Answers
The following questions require an answer which gives information not

contained in the question. There may therefore be many correct answers. The
answers given below are examples of correct answers, but classroom drill should
allow any correct answer that fits the pattern.
The normal reply to a question is the short answer. For purposes of drill
long answers are also included. These would be used under certain circumstances.
In addition, the negative answers may be expanded by adding the correct informa-
tion after stating the negative.
One pattern for the following question and answer drill is as follows:
63

l 2
Kakav je Tomin hotel? ~je.
Kakav je Tomin hotel? Nije dobar.

Kakav je Tomin hotel? Njegov hotel je dobar.
Kakav je Tomin hotel? Njegov hotel nije dobar. Rav je.
Substitute /restoran/ in the above pattern for /hotel/.
For each of the sentences with /hotel/ and /restoran/ substitute the
following for /dobar/. The substitutions for /rav/ are given in parentheses.
mali (veliki) neudoban (udoban) veliki i lep/lijep(mali i skup)

veliki (mali) lep /lijep (sta.ri) udoban i jeftin (neudoban i skup)
jeftin (skup) cist (prljav) nov i cist (stari i prljav)
skup (jeftin) prljav (cist) dobar i udoban (lo i neudoban)
udoban (neudoban) nov (sta.ri) rav i skup (dobar i jeftin)
The third column gives a list of combinations of two adjectives which may be
substituted for /rav/. The pattern for such a substitution is:
Sentence: Njegov hotel nije dobar. # Lo je.
eue: veliki i lep (mali i skup)
Answer: Njegov hotel nije veliki i lepo Mali je i skup.
Note the substitution pattern: Rav je / Mali je i skup.
The first adjective is followed by ljef, and the second follows, connected by
/i/.
In this substitution exercise the answers may be given in turn, rather

than every answer for each substitution. For example:
Kakav je Tomin hotel? Mali je.

Kakav je Tomin hotel? Nije veliki.
Kakav je Tomin hotel? Njegov hotel je jeftin.
Kakav je Tomin hotel? Njegov hotel nije skUp. Jeftin je.
The following patterns are to be followed for the feminine and neuter
nouns, with the substitutions indicated.
64

BASIC COURSE UNIT 3
l 2
Kakva je Tomina soba? Dobra je.
Kakva je Tomina soba? Nije dobra.
Kakva je Tomina soba? Njegova soba je dobra.
Kakva je Tomina soba? Njegova soba nije dobra. Rava je.
/Loe je.
l 2
Zorina :t Jovanova soba. mala (velika) velika i lepa /lijepa(mala i skupa)
vaa soba velika (mala) udobna i jeftina (neudobna i skup
jeftina (skupa) rava i neudobna (dobra i udobna)
udobna (neudobna) dobra i jeftina (rava i skupa)
cista (prljava) prljava i neudobna (cist i udobna)
l 2
Kakvo je Tomino kupatilo? Dobro je.
Kakvo je Tomino kupatilo? Nije dobro.
Kakvo je Tomino kupatilo? Njegovo kupatilo je dobro.
Kakvo je Tomino kupatilo? Njegovo kupatilo nije dobro. Ravoje.
/Loe je.
l 2
pozorite malo (veliko) veliko i lepo (malo i prljavo)
selo veliko (malo)
cista (prljavo) cista i lepo (prljavo i staro)
Questions and Answers with Substitution-Correlation Drill
Make the substitutions indicated, giving the entire pattern of question

and answer as above.
l 2
Kakav je Tomin hotel? Dobar je.
Kakav je Tomin hotel? Nije dobar.
Kakav je Tomin hotel? Njegov hotel nije dobar. Rav je.
/Loe je.
l 2
soba mali (veliki) veliki i lep/lijep (mali i rav)
restoran veliki (mali) dobar i udoban (rav i neudoban)

kupatilo stari (nov) prljav i neudoban (cist i udoban)
ambasada udoban (neudoban) cist i lep (prljav i stari)
stanica cist (prljav)
kupaona
kolodvor
65

3.3.2 Questions with Ida lij and transform using /li/
Da li je va hotel udoban i ~ist? Je li va hotel udoban i ~ist.
Da li je vae pozorite skupo? Je li vae pozorite skupo?

/kazalite /kazalite
Da li je i va restoran prljav i skup? Je li i va restoran prljav i skup?
Da li je vaa Ambasada ovde nova? Je li vaa Ambasada ovde nova?
Da li je Tomino selo veliko i l70? Je li Tomino selo veliko i l70?

lijepo lijepo
A da li je vae kupatilo ~isto? A je li vae k~atilo cisto?
/kupaona cista? kupaona cista?
Da li je vaa gospoa zadovoljna? Je li vaa gospoa zadovoljna?
Da li je gospodin Smit zadovoljan? Je li gospodin Smit zadovoljan?
3.3.3 Yes and No answers
The following patterns are to be followed, with the substitutions indi-

cated.
Da li je Jovanov hotel veliki? Da, jeste.
Da li je Jovanov hotel veliki? Ne, nije.
Da li je Jovanov hotel veliki? Da, njegov hotel je veliki.
Da li Je Jovanov hotel veliki? Ne, njegov hotel nije veliki. Mali

je, ali ~.
The following questions are to be drilled according to the above pattern.

The substitutions for use in the expanded negative answers are given on the
right.
Da li je Tomina soba velika? mala, skupa
Da li je vae pozorite dobro? ravo, jeftino
Da li je Zorin i Tomin restoran jeftin? skup, dobar
Da li je njihova stanica prljava? cista, mala
Da li je Jovanova soba udobna i lepa? neudobna, velika

/lijepa
66

BASIC COURSE UNIT 3
Pattern
Da li je Jovanov hotel veliki? Jeste.
Da li je Jovanov hotel veliki? Nije.
Da li je Jovanov hotel veliki? Jeste, njegov hotel je veliki.
Da li je Jovanov hotel veliki? Nije, njegov hotel nije veliki.

Mali je, iako je skup.
Drill questions
Da li je Jovanova soba skupa? jeftina, dobra
Da li je Zorin i Tomin restoran jeftin? skup, stari
Da li je njihova stanica cista? prljava, nova /prljav, nov

/kolodvor cist?
Da li je njegova soba udobna i lepa? neudobna, skupa
Da li je Tomino kupatilo lepo? ravo, novo Iloa, nova

/kupaona lijepa?
Questions and Answers with Substitution-Correlation Drills
l 2
Da li je Jovanov hotel veliki? Da, jeste.
Da li je Jovanov hotel veliki? Ne, nije.
Question and Answer drill with Prompt
GD 3.4
GD 3.4.1
Moj hotel je dobar. Kakav je va hotel?
Tomina soba je velika i lepa. /lijepa Kakva je Tomina soba?
Zorino kupatilo je malo i prljavo. Kakvo je Zorino kupatilo?

/Zorina kupaona je mala i prljava. /Kakva je Zorina kupaona?
Njegov restoran je jeftin, iako je Kakav je njegov restoran?
nov.
I Tomin restoran je jeftin, iako je A kakav je Tomin restoran?

nov.
Jovanova soba je neudobna i skupa. Kakva je Jovanova soba?
Inaa soba je neudobna, iako je skupa. A kakva je vaa soba?

Zorin i Jovanov hotel nije dobar, Kakav je Zorin i Jovanov hotel?
iako je nov.
67

Ja sam dobro, hvala. Kako ste (vi)?

I moja zena je dobro, hvala. A kako je vaa gospoa?
Toma je dobro, hvala. Kako j e Toma?

I njegova zena je dobro, hvala. A kako je njegova gospoa?
Tomino selo je veliko i lepo? Kakvo je Tomino selo?
GD 3.4.2
Moj hotel je cist. Da li je va hotel cist?
Njegova soba je udobna i cista. Da li je Tomina soba udobna i cista.
Njihovo pozorite je vrlo dobro. Da li je njihovo pozorite dobro?
/kazalite /kazalite
I Tomin hotel je rav i skup. Da li je i Tomin hotel rav i skup?
Smitov hotel je takoe stari, ali Da li je Smitov hotel takoe stari,
udoban. /takoer ali udoban? /takoer
Njihova stanica je velika. Da li je njihova stanica velika?

/Njihov kolodvor je veliki. /Da li je njihov kolodvor veliki?
GD 3.5 Conversations.- Razgovori

GD 3.5.1 A B
Kakav je va hotel? Nije lo.
Da li je to va hotel? Jest.
Kakva je vaa soba? Da li je velika? Jest, velika je.
A da li je cista? Jest, cista je. Hotel je cist, ali

skup.
Kakav je Tomin hotel? Njegov hotel nije dobar.
Da li je njegova soba cista? Nije. On nije zadovoljan.
KaRaB je Bam XOTe~? HHje p~aB.
~a ~H je TO Bam XOTe~? JeCTe.
KaKBa je Bama co6a? ~a ~ je Be~HKa? JeCTe, Be~Ka je.
A Aa ~H je ~HCTa? JeCTe, ~HCTa je. XOTe~ je ~HCT,
a~H cKyn.
KaKaB je TOMHH xOTe~? HeroB XOTeA HHje Ao6ap.
~a ~H je Herosa co6a ~HcTa? HHje. OH HHje 3aAOBo~aH.
68

BASIC COURSE UNIT 3
GD 3.5.2
Da li je to Tomin hotel? Ne, to je Smitov hotel.
Gdje je Tomin hotel? Njegov hotel je tamo, na lijevo.
Kakva je njegova soba? Soba mu je prilino mala, ali je ista.
Da li je njegov hotel skup? Nije, iako je nov i lijep.
Da li je Toma zadovoljan? Da, zadovoljan je.
A da li je Smit zadovoljan? Da, i Smit je zadovoljan.
~a ~ je TO TOVHH XOTe~? He, TO je CVHTOS XOTe~.
r~e je TOVHH XOTe~? Heros XOTe~ je TaKO, Ha ~eso.
KaKas je TOKHH XOTe~? HeI'OS XOTe~ je Ao6ap.
KaKsa je JIleI'osa co6a? Co6a My je npH~H~HO Ka~, a~ ~HCTa.
tla ~H je HeI'OS XOTe~ cKyn? HHje, HaKO je HOB H ~en. I
)la ~ je Tova 3aAOSO.b&H? )la, aaAOSO.laH je.
A Aa ~H je CMHT aaAOBO.laH? )la, H CMHT je aaAOSO.laH.
GD 3.5.3
Kakva je vaa kupaona? Moja kupaona je prilino dobra.
/kupaonica
A kakva je vaa kupaona?
Moja kupaona nije dobra. Jako je A kakva Je vaa soba? Da 11 Je dobra?

mala i prljava.
Soba nije loa. Prilino je velika Moja soba je takoer dobra. Ja sam
i udobna. zadovoljan.
A kakva je vaa soba?
Da li je va hotel skup? Nije. Moj hotel je jeftin.
To je dobro. Moj hotel je skup,

iako nije dobar.
69

UNIT 3 SERBOCROAT~
RaXBO je Bame KynaTR~O? Moje KynaTR~ je npR~'Ho ~opo.

A KaKBO je Bame xynaTR~o?
Moje KynaTR~o KRje ~opo. Bp~o je A KaKBa je Bama coa? ~a ~ je ~opa?
Ka~o R n~Bo.
Coa KRje p~aBa. npH~~O je Moja coa je TaKo~e ~opa. Ja caK

Be~Ka H y~oKa. aa~oBo~H.
A KaKBa je sama co6a?
Aa ~H je Bam XOTe~ cKyn? HRje. Moj XOTe~ je je~THH.
To je Aopo. Moj XOTe~ je cKyn,

HaKO HHje Aoap.
GD 3.5.4
Da li je ovo vae selo? Jako je To nije moje selo. To je Tomino selo.
lijepo i veliko.
Da li je vae selo veliko i lijepo? Moje selo nije veliko, ali je lijepo.
A da li je vae selo blizu odavde? Da, jako je blizu. Moje selo je

tamo na desno.
Da, to nije daleko odavde.
~ AH je oso same ce~o? Bp~o je

~eno u Be~KO.
~a ~H je same ce~o Be~HKO H ~eno? Moje ce~o Huje se~KO, a~ je ~eno.
A Aa ~ je same ce~o ~H3Y OAasAe? ~a, sp~o je ~3Y.
Moje ce~o je TaMO Ha AecHO.
Aa, TO HHje Aa~eKO OAaBAe.
70

BASIC COURSE UNIT 3
GD 3.6 Home Work - Domai zadatak

GD 3.6.1 Write out each of the following sentences using each of the
adjectives listed.
Moj restoran je __ dobar jeftin lo
Zorin hotel nije rav skup
---------------
Tomina soba je _ cist lep
Njihova stanica nije _ prljav mali
/Njihov kolodvor
Jovanova kupatilo je nov veliki
/Jovanova kupaona
Njihovo pozori~te nije _ stari udoban
/kazalite
GD 3.6.2
Va restoran je ali
------------- J
Va restoran je iako je
------------ J
------------
Tomina soba je J ali
Tomina soba je , iako je - _
Zorin hotel je , ali j e _
Zorin hotel je ____________, iako j e _
Vaa stanica je J ali
Vaa stanica je , iako je

/Va kolodvor
Njihovo pozorite je , ali
Njihovo pozorite je , iako je
/NjihovO kazalite
71

Fill the above blanks with appropriate adjectives from the list given.
dobar jeftin nov lo
mali cist udoban
veliki prljav neudoban
skup stari rav
72

BASIC COURSE UNIT 4
UNIT 4
Basic Sentences - Osnovne recenice
The Friends PriJa tel.ii
what to
he, she, it is radi pa,lJ;H

working
friend (man) prijatelj npHjaTe",
~ I.l.. 3 ,2 I 2 J J - 3 '2
Whatls your friend Mr. Smith Sto radi va prijatelj, illTa paAH Bam npHjaTe~,
doing?
2 ,1# 2 ' 3 '1#
g. (gospodin) Smit? ~. (~oCnO,lJ;HH) CMHT?
he, she, it is uci Y'iH

studying
, , -
Serbo-Croatian srpskohrvatski, cpnCKOXpBQTCKH,
-a, -o -a, -o
2L 3, _21~ , _l 2 J 3' -212 ' - 1

Reis studying Serbo- On uci srpskohrvat- OH Y'iH cpncKoxpsaTCKH.
Croatian. ski.
1. J
you speak vi govorite SH ~osopHTe
21. I 3, 2J I 3' 1
You speak Serbo-Croatian Vi govorite dobro I BH rOBopUTe ,lJ;opo
well.
2 ' _l 2 ' - 1 -
srpskohrvatski. cpnCKOXpSQTCKH.
I donlt speak ne govorim He ~OBOPH)l
73

SO tako TaKO
3, 21 21 3, 2_ 121 3:1#2 3' 1- ,

No, I donlt speak very Ne, ne govorim tako He, Be rosopxw TaKO ao6po.
well.
l
dobro.
l ja ja
now sada, sad ca,lta, caa
l'm studying uCim
2 3~2121 '_l 3' 2- 1 2' '-1

l'm studying now, too. I ja sada uim. H ja caaa )"1IIDI.
we mi KH
,
we1re studying
-
uimo
, -
YlllUIO / YllHJlO
together zajedno aaje,ltHO
2!. 3, _2 I , l 3:'2 .l 12'1

We1re studying together. Mi ucimo zajedno. MH YllHJlO aaje,ltHO.
does he, she, it know da li zna
wife (formal) supruga cynpyra
21 ~ 2'.l 3' 2 I
Does your wife know Serbo- Da li zna vaa supruga ~a ~
aHa Bama cynpyra
Croatian?
3, _ l # 2 ' - /I
srpskohrvatski? epncKoxpB8TCKH?
3,21 2, l _ 3'212' 1 -
No, she doesnIt. Ne, ne zna. He, He aHa.
, -
she understands ona razumije OHa p8ayMe
a little malo MaJIO
not a bit, not at all nimalo HHllaJIO
74

BASIC COURSE UNIT AJ.
3, 12 ,l 2' 3' -212"'1

She understands a little. Ona razumije malo. OHa pa3fMe Ka~O.
3, 12 2' 3' .212' 1

IShe doesnit understand IOna ne razumije ( OHa He pa3yMe, HHKa~o.)
any at all.
l
nimalo.
yet, still jo jom
...
HeKB, -a, -o
-
some neki, -a, -o
foreign stran, strana, -o CTpaH, CTpaHa, -o

~ -
Istrani -a, -o /CTpaHH, -a, -o
language, tongue jezik je3BK
2- 3,2 2' J. 3' 2 I ,

Do you and your wife speak Da li vi i gospoa Aa ~ BH H rocno~a rOBopHTe
any other foreign language?
13, l- 2'" l' #
govorite jo neki jom HeK K CTpaH je3HK?
L #
strani jezik?
we don1t speak ne govorimo He rOBopHMO
3,212 , I_ 3'212 1-
No, we donlt. Ne, ne govorimo. He, He rOBopHIlO.
~ ~
her, hers njen, njena, -o BeH, Hena, -o
father otac OTau
he, she it speaks govori rosopH
German njemaki, -a, -o HeM:a"lKH, -a, -o
mother majka wajKa
75

French francuski, -a, ~P~H~YCKH, -a, -o

-(5
2 L j
Her father speaks German Njen otac govori 2
HeH OTa~ rOBopH
~06po
well, and her mother
French. 3 ' 2 -I 2 )1 2 -I 2 j j
dobro njemacki, a HeKa~KH, a HeHa MajKa
L .I. ,
njena majka francu - ~paH~CKH.
l
ski.
,
spouse (husband) suprug cynpyr
(formal)
hus band mUz
English engleski, -a, -o eHr~eCKHJ -a, -o
madam I gospoo rocno~o
2- 2' ), 2 I
Does your husband speak Da li gospoo va ~a ~ Bam cynpyr rOBopH
English, madam?
4' -1 -I' #
suprug govori eHr~ecKH, rocno~o?
3' -1-#
engleski?
weak slab, -a, -o c~6, -C, -o
3,2/21 ,l 3' 21 '1

Yes, but poorly. Da, ali slabo. .l{a, a~ c~60.
no one, any nijedan, nijedna, HHj~~aH, HHje~Ha,
nijedno
2.1. 3, 2_12 2j 3' 1

He doesnit speak any On ne govori nijedan OH He rOBopH HHjeAaH CTpaH
foreign language.
~l

stran jezik. je3HK.
lazy lijen, lijena,
lijeno
76

BASIC COURSE UNIT 4
that he, she, it da uci Aa Y1iH

studies
2L 3,2 I 2 , _l 2J 3: 1 1
ReIs [too] lazy to study. On je lijen, da uci. OH je JI8H., Aa Y1IH.
for za aa
our na, -a, -e Ham, -a, -8
2 3~2 12 2J ), 2 I 2
To je SpJIO Ao6po aa Ham
ThatIs very good for our To je jako dobro za
Serbo-Croatian.
l ,
- 1
na srpskohrvatski. cpnCKOXpBQTCKH.
CULTURAL NOTE
~v
,
muz man, hus band suprug hus band gospodin gentleman, Mr.
,
v'
zena woman, wife supruga wife gospoa lady, Mrs.
The usage of these terms does not coineide with standard English use of
the words given as translation. Ordinary, informal reference to onels husband
or wife uses /mUz/ or /ena/ (compare colloquial English Imy mani, Imy woman',
Ithe old mani, Ithe little woman l , etc.).
More polite us age is /suprug/,
/supruga/. It is not polite to refer to one l s husband or wife as /gospodin/ or
/gospoa/ and these titles should never be used in this way. In this respect
their usage is more restricted than English IMr., Mrs.l.
NOTES
Note 4.1 Pronoun: Personal Pronouns
I ja sada uim.
On je lenjo
Ona razume malo.
Ono nije daleko.
Mi uCimo zajedno.
Vi govorite dobro.
77

UNIT 4 SERBO-CROAT~
These are examples of personal pronouns: Ijal 'II, ImII 'we l , etc. In
the third person there are three different pronouns for the three genders:
IOni 'he (or reference to amaseuline noun)t
lonal Ishe (or reference to a feminine noun)1
lonol 'it (or reference to a neuter noun)1
Ibnl and lonal are most commonly used with reference to people. Itbl is more
frequent aS a neuter referent than IonoI. The plurals are:
lonil 'they (in general of persons of undesignated gender, of a mixed

group and of masculine plural)'
lonel 'they (when only women or females are referred to)'
lnal 'they (when reference is to neuter plural only)1
As indicated, the common word for 'they' is lni/. The others are not in
frequent use but may occur.
Iv!1is the general word for 'you'. It is used when addressing more than
one person and when speaking to one person under ordinary circumstances. There
is another, familiar, word for 'you': It!/. This is used among intimates, in
rural districts for 'you (singular)' and when addressing the Deity. It should
be avoided in speaking to people unless one is so addressed (as may happen, for
instance, in a rural area).
Note 4.2 Adjective: Pronominal Adjectives
Moj hotel je dobar.
Kakav je va hotel?
Njegova ~ena je zadovoljna.
Njihov hotel nije rav.
Njen otac govori dobro nemacki.

To je vrlo dobro za na srpskohrvatski.
Among the adjectlves discussed in Note 3.1 were many of those illustrated
above. Certain of these are formed on pronoun bases and correspond to these
pronouns. The relationship of the pronoun to the adjective is not clear from
the nominatlve forms which have been used up to this point, but this aspect will
78

BASIC COURSE UNIT 4
be clarified in future units. The pronouns and the corresponding adjectives

(listing the nominative singular of all genders) are:
Pronoun Adjective
ja: I mbj moja moje my

,
tt you (familiar) tvbj tvoja tvoje your
bn he njegov njegova njegovo his, its
,
ono it
,
ona she nj~n nj~na nj~no her
Inj~zin nj~zina nj~zino
m! we na naa nae our

vt you (polite or va~ va~a va~e your
plural)
,
oni they (mase., mized,
or general)
,
one they (feminine only) njihov njihova njihove their
,
ona they (neuter only)
The form /nj~zinl Iher l is less used than Inj~n/.
Note 4.3 Verb: Negative - Ine/

Vi govorite dobro.
Ne, ne govorim.
Da li zna va~a gospoa srpskohrvatski?

Ne, ne zna.
/ne/ (stressed) occurs as a separate word, usually forming a separate

phrase of its own, meaning Ino l In addition, there is a /ne/ which occurs
before verbs and nmkes them negative (/ne govorim/, Ine znal). Although written
separately in nearly all cases, Ine/ before a verb is a kind of prefix, it and
the word following being a stress unit. (Compare the prefix /ne-/ on adjectives
[Note 3.1].) This unit has only one stress, which ls on /ne/ with some (Short)
verbs: /ne znal. With a few verbs /ne/ has special forms (such as /ni-/ in
/nlje/ 'isnat').
79

These will be discussed when the forms of these verbs are given in the notes
(Notes 7.4, 8.1, 19.1).
Ona ne razume nimalo.

On ne govori nijedan stran Jezik.
These sentences are literally Ishe does not understand not a bitI and 'he
does not speak not one foreign language'. When the verb is negative, certain
other words are regularly negative. The adverb lmalol and the adjective Ijedani
are given negative prefixes when associated with a negative verb. This is the
same type of construction as English the dontt know nothing', but while the
English is substandard, the Serbo-Croatian is the only acceptable way of saying
it. Double, triple or quadrupIe negatives are common and required by the
structure of the language.
GRAMMATICAL DRILL
GD 4.1 Substitution Learning Drill - Veba za uenje
Va hotel je dobar i nov. moj
Va hotel nij e dobar i nov. Rav j e i stari. tvoj
Va prijatelj je zadovoljan. na
Va prijatelj nije zadovoljan. On je nezadovoljan. njegov
Va prijatelj uci srpskohrvatski. njen
Va prijatelj ne uci srpskohrvatski dobro. On je lenjo Ilijenj njihov
Va otac govori francuski. Zorin
Va otac ne govori francuski. On ne govori nijedan stran jezik.
* * * * * * * * * * *
Vaa soba je udobna i cista. moja
Vaa soba nije udobna i cista. Neudobna je i prljava. tvoja
Vaa majka je nezadovoljna. naa
Vaa majka nije nezadovoljna. Ona je zadovoljna. njegova
Bo

BASIC COURSE UNIT 4
Vaa majka zna nemacki. /njemacki. njena
Vaa majka ne zna nemacki. Ona ne zna nijedan stran jezik. njihova
Tomina
Zorina
Vae selo je cisto i veliko.

Vae selo nije cisto i veliko. Malo je i prljavo.
moje tvoje nae
njegovo njeno njihovo
I moj prijatelj uci srpskohrvatski.

Moj prijatelj takoe uci srpskohrvatski.
va otac vaa majka Zorin suprug
gospoica Smit gospodin Smit gospoa Jovi
GD 4.2 Substitution-Correlation Drill - Veba sa zamenama i izmenama
Make the substitutions indicated, changing the other adjectives as

necessary.
Moj restoran je mali i skup. vaa soba

Moj restoran nije mali i skup. Veliki je i je~tin. nae pozorite
/kazalite
Naa soba je udobna i cista.

Naa soba nije udobna i cista. Neudobna je i prilicno prljava.
njegov hotel njeno kupatilo /njena kupaona tvoj restoran
naa ambasada njihovo pozorite /kazalite
Vae kupatilo Je staro i neudobna. /Vaa kupaona

Vae kupatilo nije staro i neudobno. Novo je i udobno.
tvoj restoran naa ambasada Zorin hotel
njegova soba
81

Va otac je zadovoljan.
Va otac nije zadovoljan.
moja majka njegova gospoa njen suprug
tvoja zena gospoa Jovi gospoica Smit
GD 4.3 Question and Answer Drill

GD 4.3.1 Informational Answers
Substitution-Learning
;
Drill
Kako govori srpskohrvatski va Govori prilicno dobro.

priJatelJ? Ne govori dobro. On sada uci.
va otac g. Jovi njegov otac
g. Smit Zorin otac Zorin muz
va suprug
v
Sta radi vaa gospoa? Ona uci nemaeki. /njemacki.
ta uci vaa gospoa? Ona uci nemaeki. /njemackl
Kako govori nemaeki vaa gospoa? Govori prilicno dobro.

/njemacki Ne govori dobro. Ona sada uci.
vaa majka g-a Smit
g-ca Smit vaa zena
Kakav je va hotel? Dobar je.

Nije dobar.
Moj hotel je dobar.
Moj hotel nije dobar. Nije cist.
Kakva je vaa soba. Dobra je.

Nije dobra.
Moja soba je dobra.
Moja soba nije dobra. Nije cista.
82

BASIC COURSE UNIT 4
Kakvo je vae selo? Malo je.

Nije malo.
Moje selo je malo.
Moje selo nije malo.
tvoj njegov njen
njihov Zorin Tomin
Substitution-Correlation Drill
ta radi va prijatelj? Ito ... On uei srpskohrvatski.
ta uei va prijatelj? On uei francuski.
Kako govori srpskohrvatski va Govori prilieno dobro.

prijatelj? Ne govori dobro. On sada uei.
va otac tvoja zena g-ca Smit
Zorin suprug vaa majka tvoj prijatelj
g. Smit g-a Smit
l 2
Kakav je va ~? Dobar je.
Nije dobar.
Moj hotel je dobar.
Moj hotel nije dobar. Mali je i
prljav.
l 2
tvoj njegov soba kupatilo
njen njihov restoran ambasada
Zorin Jovanov stanica pozorite
kolodvor kazalite
GD 4.3.2 Yes and No answers
Substitution Learning Drill
l 2
Da li va prijatelj uei srpskohrvatski? Da, uei.
Ne, ne uei.
Da, moj prijatelj uei
srpskohrvatski.
83

Ne, moj prijatelj na uci

srpskohrvatski. On uci francuski.
l 2
va otac Zorin muz govori zna
va suprug g. Smit razume
/vaa supruga
l 2
Da li vaa gospoa govori nemaeki? Da, govori.
/njemaeki? Ne, ne govori.
Da, moja zena govori nemaeki.
Ne, moja zena ne govori nemaeki.
Ona ne govori nijedan stran jeZik.
l 2
tvoja zena vaa majka zna
g-a Smit Zorina majka
The above drill may be repeated using the pattern:

2 l
Uei li va prijatelj srpskohrvatski?
Da li va prijatelj uei Da, uci.

srpskohrvatski? Ne, ne uci.
Da, moj prijatelj uci
srpskohrvatski.
(a) Ne, moj prijatelj ne uci

srpskohrvatski. On uci francuski.
(b) Ne, moj prijatelj ne uci

srpskohrvatski. On ne uci
nijedan stran jezik.
l 2
tvoja zena va otac govori zna
Zorin muz vaa majka razume
/razumije
va suprug g-a Smit
The students have the choice of giving a negative answer following either
(a) or (b).
84

BASIC COURSE UNIT 4
Repeat the above drill, using the pattern:

2 l
Uci li va prijatelj srpskohrvatski?
GD 4.4 Question and Answer Drill with Prompt

GD 4.4.1
Moj prijatelj govori dobro Kako va prijatelj govori

srpskohrvatski. srpskohrvatski?
Ja govorim slabo srpskohrvatski. Kako (Vi) govorite srpskohrvatski?
Moja zena slabo govori, ali dobro Kako vaa gospoa govori i razume
razume nemaeki. /razumije njemaeki nemaeki? /razumije njemaki?
Mi ucimo ovde srpskohrvatski. /ovdje Gde (Vi) ucite srpskohrvatski? /Gdje
I moj prijatelj uci ovde srpsko- A gde va prijatelj uci srpskohrvatski?

hrvatski. /ovdje Igdje
Gospoa Smit govori dobro francuski. Kako gospoa Smit govori francuski?
I gospodin Smit govori dobro francuski. A kako gospodin Smit govori francuski?
v
Moj prijatelj gospodin Smit sada uci Sta radi sada va prijatelj gospodin
nemaeki. /njemacki Smit? Ito
Moja majka je dobro, hvala. Kako je vaa majka? ta radi? /to
GD 4.4.2
Moja zena govori srpskohrvatski. Da li vaa supruga govori srpskohrvat-
ski?
Ja ucim srpskohrvatski. Da li vi ucite srpskohrvatski?
I gospodin Smit uci srpskohrvatski. Da li i gospodin Smit uci srpsko-

hrvatski?
Mi uCimo zajedno srpskohrvatski. Da li vi ucite zajedno srpskohrvatski?
Zorin otac govori nemaeki. /njemaki Da li Zorin otac govori nemaki. /njema
Njena majka razume, ali ne govori Da li Zorina majka razume i govori

nemaeki. /razumije .. njemacki nemaeki? /razumije . njemacki
Ja znam malo francuski. Da li vi znate francuski?
85

GD 4.5 Conversations - Razgovori

GD 4.5.1
A B
Da li govorite srpskohrvatGk1? Da, govorim.
Kako govorite? Ne govorim dobro.
A razumijete li srpskohrvatski? Da, razumijem, ali ne dobro.
Da li govori va~ prijatelj Ne, ne govori.

srpskohrvatski? On sada u~i.
Da li vi u~ite srpskohrvatski? Da, u~im.
Gdje u~ite? U~im ovdje.
Moj prijatelj i ja u~imo zajedno.
~a ~ rosopHTe, cpncKoxpsaTcKB? )1a, rosopHK.
KaKO J'osopHTe? Be rosopBM Ao6po.
A paayMeTe ~H cpncKoxpsaTcKH? )1a, paayueM, a~ He Ao6po.
~a ~H rosopH sam npHjaTe~ He, Ile rosopH.

cpnCKoxpsaTCKH? OB caAa 1t1H.
~a ~ SH ytlHTe cpnCKoxpsaTCKH?
rAe 111HTe? YtlHJl OSAe.

Moj npHjaTe~ H ja YllHMO aajeABO.
4.5.2
Da li va prijatelj g. Smit zna Zna malo.
srpskohrvatski?
A zna li g-a Smit na jezik? Iona zna malo.
Da li ona u~i srpskohrvatski? Ne, ona ne u~i va jeZik, ali g. Smit

u~i.
Gdje u~i g. Smit srpskohrvatski? I on uei ovdje.
Mi u~imo zajedno.
~a ~ Bam npHjaTe~ 1'. CMHT aHa 3Ha Ma~o.
cpnCKoxpsaTCKH?
86

JiASIC COURSE UNIT 4
A aHa ~ reba OKRT Bam jeaHX? H oRa BHa uaJlo.
~a ~ aHa 7'8 CPUcRoxpsaTcR.? He, ORa ae 7'H sam jeaRR, a~ r. CuHT

7 t1R
rae 7'. r. CuRT cpncKoxpsaTCRR' H OH 7'H osae.

MH Y~HKO 3ajeARO.
Da li va~ prijatelj govori srpsko- Da, govori.

hrvatski, gospodine?
Kako on govori. On govori i razumije jako dobro.
Da li on govori jo~ neki stran Da on govori jo~ njema~ki i francuski.

jezik?
Da li va~a gospoa govori neki stran Ne, ona ne govori nijedan stran jezik.
jezik? Ona sada u~i njema~ki.
Da li vi govorite njema~ki? Da, govorim, ali slabo.
Aa ~ sam np.jaTe~ rosop. cpnCKO- lla, :rOBOp

xpBaTCKH, rocnoAHRe'
KaKO OB rosopa? OH ~OBOPH paayve BpJlO Ao6po.
la ~H OB rosop. jom HeHK CTpaR jeOHK? Aa, OH rosopH jom HeMa~KH H ~paHnycKH.
lla ~ Bama rocno~ rOBOp. ReKH CTpaB He, OHa He rOBopH HHjeaaa cTpaH jeGHK.
je3HK? OHa caAa y,. HeMa~KH.
lla AH BH rOBopHTe HeMa~KH? lla, rosopHM, a~ c~60.
GD 4.6 Home Work - Domai zadatak

GD 4.6.1 Answers to questions
l. Kako govori srpskohrvatski va~a gospoa?
2. Kako va~ prijatelj razume francuski? /razumije
3. Zna li Zorin suprug engleski?

4. Da li va~ prijatelj govori nema~ki? /njema~ki
5. ta u~i g-ca (gospoica) Smit? ~to
87

v
6. Sta radi ovde g. Smit? Ito
Give full answers both affirmative and negative for 1-4, and affirmative
only for 5 and 6.
GD 4.6.2 Question transfarms
Moja majka govori srpskohrvatski.
Zorin mu razume nemacki. Irazumije njemaeki
Moj prijatelj uei srpskohrvatski.
Gospoa Smit zna francuski.
Moja ena uei nemaeki. Injemacki
Gospoica Smit govori i razume dobro srpskohrvatski. Irazumije
Make questions with Ida I i i and give full answers both affirmative and
negative.
88

BASIC COURSE UNIT 5
UNIT 5
GOlng Out Izlazak
do you travel da li putujete Aa J1H nYTyjeTe
much, many mnogo MRoro
21 3 ' 1_ 2t t 3 '2
Do you travel a lot, Da li mnogo putujete, ~a J1H nyTyjeTe MHoro,
Mr. Smith?
2' t '1 #
g. (gospodine) Smite? r. (rocnoAHHe) CMHTe?
3,2 2, I_ 3'1# 3' 1-

Yes, I do. Da, putujem. l1.a, nyTyjeK.
3 ' II # 3 .. l ' #
Where do you travel? Gdje putujete? rAe nyTyjeTe?
frequently, often cesto 'leeTO
Zagreb Zagreb 3arpe6
Split Split CnJIHT
21 3~2 12 2 1 J 3: 2'
I often go to Zagreb Putujem cesto za llYTyjeM 'leeTO y 3a:rpe6
and Split.
1. , l 2 ,1
Zagreb i Split. H CnJIHT.
you spend (time) provodite npOBOAHTe
89

time, weather vrijeme G vremena speue, r speMeUa

21 3, l 3'2 I 2 11 #
How do you spend [your] Kako provodite vrijeme KaKO nposO~HTe speKe OB~e?
time here?
.L #
ovdje?
do you go out izlazite li ~3JJa3HTe JIH
somewhere, someplace negdje
in the evening uvecer

-
YSB-qe
3,2_ I 3' 2- 12'1 #

Do you go out anywhere Idete li. negdje H3~3HTe JIH HB~~e YBB-qB?
in the evening?
2,1 _ #
uvecer?
I nowhere I nigdje / HHr~e
3, 2,1 3,2 2 '1

INo, nowhere. INe, nigdje. IHe, HH~~B.
I -'.
we go, we're going idemo idemo H~BI(O
I HABIlO
rarely, seldom rijetko peTKo
3,2 21 3, 2_ I 3'1# 2 l 3:
Yes, we go to the theater, Da, idemo u kazalite l1.a, HAeKO Y n030pHmTB,
but not very often.
21 l 2' : 1
ali rijetko. aJIH peTKO
.!
approximately otprilike OTIIpHJlHKB
once, one time jedanput jB~~HnYT
not any time, not nijedanput HHJeA8HnYT

at all
or ili HJIH
90

BASIC COURSE UNIT 5
,
J
twice dvaput / dva puta ~B8.nYT/~B8. nyT&
monthly mjeseno
2 !. 2 J
About once or twice a Otprilike jedanput OTnpHAHKe je~aHnYT HAH
month.
3 L 212 ,l 3: 2'1
ili dvaput mjeseno. ~B&nYT, Mece~HO.
21. 3" _21 2 J

/Maybe once or not even /Otprilike jedanput /OTnpHAHKe je~aHnYT H~
that often a month.
2 ,l
3' 12 '1
ili nijedanput HHje~aHnYT Mece~Ho.)
mj~seno.
more frequently cee "lemila
movie theater, movies kino 6HOCKon
21 321 2 l 3'2 -12

Do you go to the movies Da li idete cee Aa' AH H~eTe ~emhe y
more often?
2 .Lo 1# .. 1 #
u kino? 6HocKon?
perhaps, maybe mozda
weekly nedjeljno
3, 1# 21 3" _2/ 3'1# 3'2 2 a

Yes, maybe once a week. Da , mozda jedanput ~a , MO*Aa, jeAaHnYT
2' 1 , _ 1
nedjeljno. He~e"{)HO.
they go out, theyIre izlaze

going out
, -
every svaki, -a, -o csaKH, -a, -o
91

evening vecer G veceri f. Beqe -

21 .L 3' 2 J
Do Tom and John go out Da li Toma i Jovan ~a AH TOMa u JOBaH ua~3e
every evening?
3 ,1_ # 2' '1-#
izlaze svake veceri? csaKO Beqe?
B
,
they (masculine) oni 9HU
, - , -
they go, they tre oni idu OHU u1J,Y
going
usually obiono 06UqHO
3, 1# 2- 3,2 3'1#2' I 3'2- 12

They go usually to the Da, oni obiono ~a, OHU 06u'lHO UAY Y
hotel Metropol.
12 ,l
idu u hotel Metropol. JI
XOTe MeTp~DOJI.
1
I~
they are working, oni rade
they work, they are
engaged in some
activity
2 1 1
'VI'
3~1- # '1 '2 I '2:'1- I #
What do they do there? Sto oni rade tamo? mTa OHU pa1J,e TaKo?
nothing nita HHUITa
21 .L 3 <J. 2' 3:'2- 12'1

They don't do anything. Ne rade ni~ta. He pa,ne HumTa.
something neto HemTO

o. _
they drink, they are piju Dujy

drinking
sjede
. -
they are sitting ce,ne
92

BASIC COURSE UNIT 5
they are conversing, razgovaraju pa3rosapajy

talking
2_ 3.. 2_ 3 .. 2_/2 2' 3'2- 3'2-12

They drink something, sit Neto piju, sjede i HemTO nHjy, ce~e H
and talk.
L. 1_ 1 -
razgovaraju. pa3rosapajy.
I'
they have oni imaju
their own svoj, svoja, svoje csoj, csoja, csoje
company, society drutvo ~pymTso
pleasant ugodan, ugodna npHjaTaH, npHjaTHa,
ugodno npHjaTHo
pleasantly ugodno npHjaTHo
2- 3 ' 2' 3' 2-1 2 1 #

They have their own Oni imaju svoje OHH Huajy csoje ~pymTsO
circle of friends and
have a nice time. 2 .!. 12 2 3' 2- J 12' 1
drutvo i provode H nposoAe speMe npHjaTHo.
3, /2, l
vrijeme ugodno.
going out
3' 2 12.1 :1#

Is going out expensive Aa ~ je H3~3aR os~e cRyn?
here?
is necessary
money novac G nOvca Hosan, HOSna
I . - - . l"
a lot of money mnogo novaca MHoro Hosana
entertainment razonoda pa30Ho~a
93

21 .L 2 ot I 3 '2
Does entertainment take a Da li ovdje treba (Aa ... OB,D;e 'l'peCSa 'KKOflO
lot of money here? (lis
a lot of money necessary 3 ,2 12 I I 2 '1 II
for entertainmenti) mnogo novaca za BOBaua Ba paBOHO,a;y?)
,l #
razonodu?
3'2123~ 2_ I 3'1# 3~ ~- , 2'1

No, the theater is cheap. Ne, kazali~te je HHje, n030pBmTe je je~THBo.
23~ 2 ~ l 3'2 2 :'1

And so are the movies Kino, takoer. BaocKon, TaKo~8.
('movies alsol).
outside vani Bano.J.y
3, 2 I 2l 3:" 2'1 #
How's the weather outside? Kakvo je vrijeme KaKao j8 apeX8 Bano~y?
2~1 #
vani?
, ,
clear (of weather) vedar, vedra, -o a8,a;ap, se,a;pa, -o
cloudy
-
obla~an, obl!~na, o6~~aH, 06~~HO, -o
-o
2 3, 12 2 .1 3:" 2 'O,
The weather is nice and Vrijeme je lijepo i Bpex8 je ~eno H a8,a;po.
clear.
..l
vedro.
2 3, 2 12, l _
2 J 3'1 -
The weather is cloudy. Vrijeme je oblaeno. Bpeue je 06~~HO.
pada
, -
it falls na,a;a
'o
rain k1~a KHDl8.
to co _
~ .!. -
to rain ki~iti, ki~i KHDlHTH, KHDlH
/kf~jeti
94

BASIC COURSE UNIT 5
3'2- 2,1 3'2-12'1

Itls raining. Pada ki~a. naaa KRma.
23-'1-
or, Ki~i.
June ture
Beginning with this unit, the single bar will be omitted when the Juncture
is also represented by a comma.
Note 5.1 Verb: Present
I ja sada ucim. Toma i Jovan izlaze svako vece.
On uei srpskohrvatski. Idemo u pozori~te.
Mi ueimo zajedno. Oni obieno idu u hotel Metropol.
Izlazite li negde uveee. Oni imaju svoje dru~tvo.
Serbo-Croatian verbs have endings for person and number. lueiml means
'Ilm studying.' l-ml indicates '1'. The addition of IJal is a type of emphasis.
The endings as illustrated above are:
-m I -mo we
you
-zero he, she, it
they
The l-tel ending is for 'you' either plural or polite singular. The familiar
second person ending is I-i luei~/. This is used to members of onels family,
intimate friends, in addressing the Deit~ etc. It should be avoided by the
learner as its use implies too great familiarity. It should be noted, however,
that it is used very commonly in rural areas as the normal way to address one
person. (See ;t!I, Note 4.1)
From the examples lueIml, lidemol, Iznal we see that three vowels are
possible before these endings. (These are usually long when the verb has
primary stress.) Verbs having the vowel Iii in the other forms (that is before
l-ml, I-i etc.) have l-el for Itheytj those having lei in the other forms have
lal for Itheylj those having lal have l-jal for I they t (Ilmami tl havel, 11majul
'they havel - lal is always short before I-jul. There are a few exceptions to
95

this, such as /razUmem/ - /razUmeju/.
Following are the forms of three typical verbs:

f
uIm ld~m imB:m
uI ld~ irna:
,
ueI ide ima
, I
ueImo /ueImo id~mo jidemo im~mo /imamo
ufte jueIte id~te jidete i~te /lmate
I
uee idu imaju
The stress patterns vary. There are a few very frequent ones and also many
which apply to only a few verbs. (Some of these patterns are discussed in
Note 22.2.)
Following are verbs which have occured which pattern in the same way as
the three given above (stress not being considered):
i e a
r~d!m "
putujem zn~m
govorim pijem padam
provodim razUmijem lma:m

"
izlazIm razgovaram
sedIm jsjedIm
The verb /razUmemj has the third person plural ending like the verbs with lal.
The central dialect form is perfectly regular.
razUmem razum~mo razUmijem razUmijemo
razUme razum~te razUmije razumijete
razUme razUmeju razUmije razUmiju
All of the above verbs may be freely used in situations corresponding to

English present progressive forms: IrIm going, rIm eating, rIm workingI etc.
96

BASIC COURSE UNIT 5
Some English equivalents use the simple present: 'I know', II like', but these
indicate a state of being, a continuing situation or quality. Nearly every
Serbo-Croatian verb has two forms, one corresponding to the English progressive
or state of being forms, the other indicating the termination of the action or
its completion. All of the verbs discussed above are of the former, imperfective,
type. Perfective verbs will be taken up in a later note. This is a matter of
usage and is not regularly reflected in the form of the verb. Both types take
the same endings.
Note 5.2 Adjective-Adverb Relationship: Ending /-0/
Moj hotel je dobar. Hvala, dobro sam.
Vi govorite dobro srpskohrvatski.
The adjective /d6bar/ has a neuter form /dobro/. This has the same endin~
as the adverb /dobro/, illustrated in the examples on the right. Many adverbs
have the same ending as the neuter singular of the adjective, though many of these
differ in stress from the adjective. Compare:
Adjective (m. sg) n. sg. Adverb
lp /lijep beautiful l~po /lijepo lpo /lijepo beautifully,

nicely
bad ravo ravo badly
udoban comfortable udobno udobno comfortably
l~nj/lijen lazy l~njo /lijenO lnjo /lljeno lazily
r~dak rare r~tko /rijetko r~tko rarely,

/rijedak /rljetko seldom
c~st frequent c~sto c~sto frequently
prijatan pleasant prijatno prijatno pleasantly
obian ordinary, obino obino ordinarily,

customary usually
There may be other differences between the adjective and the adverb:
small malo malo a little bit

The adjective and adverb will often be introduced together in the build-up in
later units.
97

Where the adjective neuter ending is l-ej (or -~), the adverb is also j-ej:
ceI more frequent cee cee more frequently
The adverb ending j-oj (j-ej) si only one of manyadverb formatives.
GRAMMATICAL DRILL
GD 5.1 Substitution-Correlation Drill

GD 5.1.1 Substitution-Correlation Drill with Negative Transforms
Following is a substitution-correlation drill with negative transforms.

The key words on the left include pronouns in parentheses. The parentheses
indicate that the verb is to be changed to this person but that the pronoun
itself is not to be used. The first drill is given in full.
Putuje!!! cesto u Zagreb i Split. Iza
(ti) (mi) oni
on otac i ja Toma i Jovan

,
g. Jovic vi one
ona vi i Toma majka i zena
Putuje!!! cesto u Zagreb i Ne putujem cesto u Zagreb i Split.

Split.
(ti) Putuje! cesto u Zagreb i Ne putuje cesto u Zagreb i Split.

Split.
on On putuje cesto u Zagreb i On ne putuje cesto u Zagreb i

Spli t. Split.
g. Jovi G. Jovi putuje cesto u G. Jovi ne putuje cesto u Zagreb

Zagreb i Split. i Split.
ona ~ putuje cesto u Zagreb Ona ne putuje cesto u Zagreb i

i Split. Split.
(mi) Putujemo cesto u Zagreb Ne putujemo cesto u Zagreb i Split.
i Split.
98

BASIC COURSE UNIT 5
otac i ja otac i ja putujemo cesto u otac i ja ne putujerna cesto u

Zagreb i Split. Zagreb i Split.
vi Vi putujete cesto u Zagreb Vi ne putujete cesto u Zagreb i

i Split. Split.
vi i Toma Vi i Toma putujete cesto u Vi i Toma ne putujete cesto u

Zagreb i Split. Zagreb i Split.
oni Oni putuju cesto u Zagreb Oni ne putuju cesto u Zagreb i

i Split. Split.
Toma i Jovan Toma i Jovan putuju cesto Toma i Jovan ne putuju cesto u
u Zagreb i Split. Zagreb i Split.
one One putuju cesto u Zagreb One ne putuju cesto u Zagreb i

i Split. Split.
majka i ena Majka i zena putuju cesto Majka i zena ne putuju cesto u
u Zagreb i Split. Zagreb i Split.
The following sentences are to be drilled with the same substitutions

and transfarms:
Provodim vreme ovde prijatno. /vrijeme ovdje
Govorim engleski i srpskohrvatski dobro.
Idem u pozorite otprilike jedanput mesecno. /kazalite, mjesecno
Izlazim svako vece u hotel Metropol. /Idem svake veceri
Imam svoj e drutvo.
Razumem nemacki dobro. /Razumijem njemacki
Ucim francuski mnogo.
Make the indicated substitutions with negative transfarms:
Toma uci srpskohrvatski svaki dan. (ja) (mi)
Toma i ja vi i va prijatelj
Zora i njen muz g. i g-a Smit
99

Further sentences for drill according to the above pattern are:
Moj prijatelj govori dobro francuski.
Zora razume nemaki. /razumije njemaki
On provodi vreme prijatno. /vrijeme ugodno
G. Smit putuje retko u Z~greb. /rijetko
GD 5.1.2 Substitution with Plural Transfarms
The following drill is substitution with plural transfarms. The initial

substitution ls that of the singular form. The plural of this is to be supplied
by the student without further cue.
Izlazim retko uvee. /rijetko uvecer
(ti)
on
ona
Izlazim retko uvee. Izlazimo retko uvee.
(ti) Izlazi retko uvee. Izlazite retko uvee.
on On izlazi retko uvee. Oni izlaze retko uvee.
ona Ona izlazi retko uvee. One izlaze retko uvee.
The following sentences are to be drilled with the same substitutions and
transfarms:
Govorim i razumem srpskohrvatski, ali ravo. /razumijem
Idem u bioskop mazda jedanput nedeljno. /nedjeljno
Imam svoje drutvo.
Putujem u Zagreb, ali ne cesto. Iza

Razumem francuski dobro, iako ne govorim dobro. Irazumijem
Izlazim negde svako vece. /Idem negdje svake veceri.

BASIC COURSE UNIT 5
GD 5.1.3 Substitution-eorrelation drill with pronoun transform. Each sentence

of the following drill is to be repeated replacing the subject by the appropriate
pronoun.
G. Jovi radi mnogo. On radi mnogo.
g-da Smit g. Smit i ja
Toma i Jovan g. i g-da Smit
g-a i g-ea Smit g-ea Smit i njena majka
g-da Smit G-da Smit radi mnogo. Ona radi mnogo.
g. Smit i ja G. Smit i ja radimo mnogo. Mi radimo mnogo.
Toma i Jovan Toma i Jovan rade mnogo. Oni rade mnogo.
g. i g-a Smit G. i g-da Smit rade mnogo. Oni rade mnogo.
g-a i g-ea Smit G-da i g-ea Smit rade mnogo. One rade mnogo.
g-ea Smit i njena G-ea Smit i njena majka rade One rade mnogo.
majka
mnogo.
The following sentences are to be drilled with the same substitutions and
transforms:
G. Smit zna dobro srpskohrvatski.
G. Jovi razume dobro engleski, ali govori ravo. /razumije
Toma sedi, neto pije i razgovara. /sjedi

G. Jovi ide u pozorite, ali retko. /kazalite, rijetko
G. Smit ide u bioskop ~esto. /kino
G. Jovi ima svoje drutvo.
G. Smit provodi vreme prijatno. /vrijeme ugodno
Make the indic~ted substitutions with pronoun transforms:
Toma i Jovan idu u bioskop jedanput nedeljno.
g. Jovi i ja g-a Smit
moj prijatelj g-a i g. Jovi
101

g-a i g-ca ~mit vi i vaa gospoa
Further sentences for drill according to the above pattern are:
Moj prijatelj i njegova ena iZlaze vrlG mnogo. /jako
G-a Jovi i njena majka svako jutro sede, razgovaraju i neto piju. /sjede
Toma i Jovan razumeju ~rancuski, ali ravo govore. /razumiju
Moja ena i ja idemo u pozorite otprilike jedanput mese~no. /kazalite,

mjese~no
Vi i va prijatelj govorite dobro srpskohrvatski.

Toma i Zora u~e dobro nema~ki. /njema~ki
GD 5.2 Question and Answer Drill

Use the items listed as the subject of both question and answer.
Gde izlazite uve~e? /Gdje idete Obi~no izlazim u bioskop. /idem,

uve~er. kino
Kako provodite vreme ovde? /vrijeme Provodim vreme vrlo prijatno. /vrijeme
--- ovdje ugodno
Kako govorite srpskohrvatski? Ne govorim dobro, ja sada u~im.
Kako razumete nema~ki i francuski? Nema~ki razumem dobro, a francuski

/razumijete njemaki ravo. /Njemaki razumijem
ta radi~ uve~e? Ito, uve~er Sedim i u~im srpskohrvatski. /Sjedim
(ti) on ona vi i vaa gospoa oni

Jovan Zora vi i vaa majka Toma i Jovan
g. Smit g-ca Smit g. i g-da Smit
va mu vaa supruga vaa ena i majka
one
g-a i g-ca Jovi
vaa majka 1 ena
102

BASIC COURSE UNIT 5
GD 5.2.2 Yes and No Answers
Da li putujete cesto u Zagreb i Da, putujem.

Split? Iza Ne, ne putujem.
Da, putujem vrlo cesto u Zagreb i Split. Iza
Ne, ne putujem cesto u Zagreb i Split. Iza
(ti) on ona vi i vaa gospoa oni

Jovan Zora vaa majka i vi Toma i Jovan
g. Smit g-ca Smit g. i g-a Smit
Zorin muz Tomina zena Toma i njegov
prijatelj
one
g-a i g-ca Jovi
vaa majka i supruga
njegova zena i njena majka
The sentences for drill:
Da li govorite francuski?
Da li idete cesto u pozorite? /kazalite
Da li izlazite uvece? luvecer
Da li imate svoje drutvo?
Da li razumete nemacki? /razumijete njemacki
Da li ucite srpskohrvatski?
Da li znate gde je hotel Metropol? Igdje
Repeat the above drills, using the pattern:
Putujete li cesto u Zagreb i Split? Iza
GD 5.3 Question and Answer with Prompt
Oni (Toma i Jovan) idu cesto u bioskop. Da li Toma i Jovan idu cesto u
Ikino bioskop? /kino
Oni izlaze negde uvece. lidu negdje Da li oni izlaze negde uvece? lidu
uvecer negdje uvecer
103

Mi ne izlazimo nigde uvece. Da li vi izlazite negde uvece?

jidemo nigdje uvecer
Oni (Toma i Jovan) mnogo putuju. Da li Toma i Jovan mnogo putuju?
Oni provode ovde vreme prijatno. Kako oni provode vreme ovde?
/ovdje vrijeme ugodno /vrijeme ovdje
Oni uvece sede, neto piju i razgo- ta oni rade uvece? Ito, uvecer
varaju. /uvecer sjede
Gospodin i gospoa Smit uce srpsko- Da li gospodin i gospoa Smit uce
hrvatski? srpskohrvatski?
Ja sam lenj i ne radim nita uvece. ta vi radite uvece? Ito, uvecer

/lijen , uvecer
Toma i Jovan imaju svoje drutvo. Da li Toma i Jovan imajU svoje

drutvo?
Oni malo uce i malo znaju. Da li oni znaju neto?
Oni (Gospodin i gospoa Smit) Da li g. i g-a Smit govore srpsko-

razumeju prilicno srpskohrvatski, hrvatski?
ali ne govore dobro. /razumiju
Jovan i Toma idu retko u pozorite. Da li Jovan i Toma idu cesto u

/rijetko, kazalite pozorite? /kazalite
Vreme je lepo i vedro. /vrijeme, lijepo Kakvo je vreme napolju? /vrijeme,

NapoljU je oblacno. vani
Jo pada kia. Da li jo pada kia?

GD 5.4.1
A B
Kako provodite vrijeme oVdje, g. Smite? Ja mnogo radim i putujem.

Gdje putujete? Putujem obicno u Zagreb i Split.
Da li putujete tamo cesto? Da, putujem.

Kako govorite srpskohrvatski? Govorim prilicno slabo.
A kako razumijete? Razumijem prilicno dobro.
104

BASIC COURSE UNIT 5
To je dobro. Hvala.
RaKO npOSO~HTe sp6Me os~e, ~. CMHTe?
r~e nYTyjeTe?
,Zla JIH nyTy jeTe TaMO '{eCTO? lJ.a, nYTyjeM.
KaKO rosopHTe cpnCKOXpB&TCKH?
A KaKO p&3YMeTe? Pa3YKeK npHJIH'IHO ,lI;o6po.
To je ,lI;o6po. XsaJIa.
GD 5.4.2
Da li izlazite negdje uvecer? Da, izlazim.
Gdje izlazite? Idemo u kazalite.
Da li idete cesto u kazalite? Ne. Idemo otprilike jedanput ili
dvaput mjesecno.
Da li idete u kino2 Da, idemo.
Da li idete cesto u kino? Da, idemo jedanput ili dvaput nedjeljno.
Vrlo dobro.
~a ~ H3~3HTe He~,lI;e yse'le? ~a, H3JIa3Hll.
H,lI;eKO y n030pHmTe.
~a AH H,lI;6T6 '{eCTO y n030pHmTe? He. H,lI;aMO OTnpHJIHK6 jeA&HnYT HJIH

,lI;SanyT K6C6'1HO.
~a AH H,lI;eTe y 6HocKon? ~a, HAaKO.
~a ~ H,lI;eTe '{eCTO y 6HocKon?

BpJIO ,lI;o6po.
GD 5.4.3
ta radite uvecer, gospodine Smite? Obicno sjedimo i neto radimo ili

razgovaramo.
10.5

v
Sto radite? Ja ucim srpskohrvatski, a moja zena
francuski.
Vi govorite dobro srpskohrvatski. Da razumijem prilicno dobro, ali jo ne

govorim dobro.
Da li znate francuski? Da, znam prilicno dobro.
Kako govori vaa gospoa francuski? Iona govori dobro.

Da li vi ucite francuski? Ne, sada ne ucim.
Do vienja, g. Smite. Do vienja, g. Joviu.
UITa P&AHTe YBe~e, rocnOAHHe CKHTe? 06H~HO ceAHKO H HeIDTO P&AHKO H~H
pa3rOBap&KO.
WTa P&AHTe? Ja Y~HK cpnCKoxpsaTCKH, a Koja _eHa

<ppaHUYCKH.
BH rOBopHTe Ao6po cpnCKOXpS&TCKH. Ja pa3YKeM npH~~Ho Ao6po, a~H jom He

rOBopHK Ao6po.
~a ~ 3HaTe ~paH~YCKH? ~a, 3HaK npH~~HO Ao6po.
RaKO rOBopH Bama rOCDo~a <pp&HQYCKH? H OHa rOBopH Ao6po.
~a ~H BH Y~HTe ~paH~YCKH?
~O BH~eHa, 1'. CKHTe. ~O BH.~eHa, r. JOBHhy.
GD 5.4 Homework - Domai zadatak

GD 5.4.1 Re-write the Conversations changing the subject of the verb in the
first sentence (and correspondingly throughout) to:
Conversation l va prijatelj
Conversation 2 Toma i Jovan
Conversation 3 Toma i njegova ena
GD 5.4.2 Re-write the following questions using the items in parentheses to

the right of each as the SUbject. Write out short affirmative and negative
answers to the first five, long affirmative and negative answers to the second
five.
Da li putujete cesto? (Toma i Jovan)
Da li provodite vreme ovde prijatno? (g. i g-a Smit)
106

BASIC COURSE UNIT 5
Da li idete cesto u pozorite? (g-da i g-ca Smit)
Da li govorite francuski? (va prijatelj i njegova ena)
Da li izlazite uvece? (Toma i njegova ena)
Da li znate gde je hotel Metropol? (va otac i majka)
Da li sedite i razgovarate uvece? (Toma i Jovan)
Da li imate lepo drutvo ovde? (vaa majka i zena)
Da li razumete dobro srpskohrvatski? (g. i g-da Smit)
Da li ucite mnogo? (g. Smit i njegov prijatelj)
107

UNIT 6
At the Restaurant U restoranu Y pecTopaHy
v'
, -
to wish, want, I )!'
;Geljeti, zel!m ZeJIeTH, XCeJIHM
wish, want
v # " I #
What do you want, sir? Sto zelite, gospodine? mTa ZeJIHTe, rocno~HHe?
to eat an evening vecerati, veceram Be~epaTH, Be~epaK
meal; lIm eating

an evening meal
I want to eat.
V
I
Zelim vecerati.
,
.>KeJIHM
- , ~a Be'CIepax.
v ' #
What do you want to eat? Sto zelite vecerati?
, -
to eat, lim eating jesti, jedem jecTH, je,lleM
soup juha cyna
veal (adj. ) teleI, -a, -e TeJIehH, -a, -e
meat m~so Meco
~f ako aKO
,
, ,
black cf-n, crna, cf>noj ~PH, ~pHa, ~PHO;
~
cf.ni, -a, -o ~PHH, -a, -o
108

BASIC COURSE UNIT 6
bread kruh xJIe6

J
some black bread c~nog kruha UpHOI' xJ1e6a
VI
I

I want to eat, (Ilid like Zelim juhu, telee ~JIHK Aa jeAeK cyny, TeJ18he
[some]) soup, veal, and, ..
if you have [any], some ~ I l. J
black bread. meso i, ako imate Meco, H aKO HKaT8
l. J '1
crnog kruha. UpHH xJIe6.
, -I I # #
What does your friend to zeli va prijatelj? lliTa EeJIH Bam npHjaTe.6?
want?
coffee kava Ka<fla
Z:lilk~VU.
~
Held like [some] coffee. On OH :lKeJIH Ka4>Y.
to give, that I give dati, da d~m 11.aTH, Aa 11.all
give d~Jte AajTe
glass caa 'lama
Bo~a
water voda
vode
o.
B O,lJ; e
-
of water
,
you vas, vas Bac, Bac
!. I J I . -
Please give him coffee Dajte mu kavu i JJ.ajTe My KaeJ!y H 'lamy BO,lJ;8,
and a glass of water.
. -
cau vode, prosim. MOJlT,fM Bac.
thirsty ~dan, ~dna, -o E811.aH, Ee11.Ha, -AH O
109

, ,
/ hungry / gladan, gladna, l'JJaAaH, l'JJaJJ;Ha, -AHO
-o ,
!. ~ 2J 3- 1
Hels thirsty. On Je zedan. OH Je zeAaH.
sweeter; with more slaI, -a, -e

..
CJJa~H,
- -a, -8
sugar
bitterer, with less gorel, -~, -o l'OpllH, -a, -8

sugar
, I
What kind of coffee do Kakvu kavu elite, ~KBY Ka~y ze~Te,
you want, sir, with
more or less sugar? # # .. -I
gospodine? SLau rocnoJJ;HBe, c~~y H~
-#
l'Op'Iy?
e
completely potpuno nOTnyBo
quite sasvIm cacBHK
bitter g5rak, g5rka, -o ropaK, l'OpKa, -o
,
sweet sladak, slatka, -o c~AaK, CJlQTKa, -o
~
,
Without sugar, please. I Sasvim gorku, molim. nOTIIYBO l'OpKy, MOJ!HK.
donlt drink coffee with
sugar. !. J
Ja ne pijem slatku Ja He nHjeK C~TKY Ka!f>y.
kavu.
in the morning ujutro yjYTPY

,.. #
What do you drink in to pijete ~Jutro~ WTa lIH jeTe yjYTPY?
the morning?
110

BASIC COURSE UNIT 6
e
,
white eo, eM, -o;
~ -
eJIH, -a, -o
,
C'I drink') cafe au lait. Pijem bijelu kavu.

nHjell eJrY

K8.4>y.
when kad Ikada Ka~
L .. , .t 1/
When do Tom and John Kada piju Toma i Ka~ nHjy TOlla H JOBaB Ka4>Y?
drink coffee?
i '
Jovan kavu?
strong jaK, jaKa, jaKo
tea ~aj, pl. ~ajevi
.J.
They drink strong, bitter Oni piju uve~er jaku,
OHa nHjy YBe~e jaKY, ~OPKY
coffee or tea in the
evening. , I II . I I
gorku kavu ili ~aj. Ka4>Y HJlH 'laj.
Inever Inlkada HHKa,A
I I i ..
IThey never drink coffee IOni nikada ne piju OHH HHKa,A He nHjy Ka~y yse~e.
in the evening.
I t..
kavu uve~er.
waiter konob~r Ke.1Dlep

G konoba.ra (Cr.)
, -
this ovaj, ova, oves osaj, osa, OSO
III

cold XA8A8U, xA8Aua, -o
_ # ' - l
Waiter, this coffee is Konobar, ova kava je Ke~ep, 9sa Ka~ je x~AHa.
cold.
hladna.
to like, I like voljeti, volIm
...
I dontt like ne volIm He BOJIm(
!. J. J J
I don1t like cold coffee. Ja ne volIm hladnu Ja He BOJIH.M: XJIa,ZJ;uy Ka!py.
kavu.
, -
to bring, that I donijeti, da
bring
donesem
bring J donesite
to me meni, mi MeUH, MH
... -
other, second drugI, -a, -5 ,ZJ;pyI"H, -a, -o
... ,
hot vrU, vrUa, vrUe spyh, spyha, Bpyhe
Please bring me another Molim donesite mi

.
MOAHY AouecHTe YH ,ZJ;pyI"y,
.... -
hot [cup of] coffee.
, 1
drugu, vrucu kavu. spyhy Ka!py.
immediately, at once odmah O,ZJ;M8X
# ..
Yes sir, right away. Prosim, odmah. MOJIH.M:, op;Kax.
...
only samo caKO
112

BASIC COURSE UNIT 6
beer pIvo OMBO
,
wine vIno BHHO
.! !. J J JJ
I drink only cold beer, Ja pijem samo hladno Ja oHjeM caMO XJIaAHO nBBO,
wine, and water, (Ibut)
not coffee. ~ !. U
, I
pivo, vino i vodu, BHBO If BOP.Y , He Kaq,y.
(ali) ne kavu.
(Later) (Kasnije) (KacHHJe)
one jedan, jedna, j~AaH, j~AHa, j~AHO

jedno
# I
Waiter, please bring me Konobar, donesite mi Ke~ep, AOHecHTe MH YO~HM
(t yet') another [cup
of] coffee.
molim jo jednu kavu. jom jeAHy Kaq,y.
(Later) (Kasnije) (KacHHje)
to pay, that I pay pltiti, da
pl~tIm
The bill please. ('Please Prosim, platiti. MOJIHII, Aa n JIa TRM.

that I pay' I'Please to
pay') .
Note: The numbers indicating pitch are omitted in Units 6 following unless
an unfamiliar pattern occurs.
NOTES
Note 6.1 Noun: Accusat1ve Singular

Note 6.1.1 Noun: Accusative S1ngular Form
111

Nominative Accusative
Masculine hleb elim da jedem hleb.
aj Oni piju aj.
bioskop U bioskop idemo cee.
hotel Oni obicno idu u hotel.
jezik Govorite li neki stran(i) Jezik?
Neuter meso elim da jedem telee meso.
pivo Ja pijem samo hladno pivo i vino.
vino
vreme Kako provodite vreme ovde.
pozorite /kazalite Idemo u pozorite. /kazalite
drutvo Oni imaju svoje drutvo.
v
Feminine supa Zelim da jedem supu.
v
juha Zelio bih juhu.
kafa (kava) Dajte mu kafu (/kavu) i cau vode.
aa
voda Ja pijem samo vodu.
The object of a verb is most frequently in the accusative case. Examples

of objects in the accusative both of verbs and of the preposition /u/ 'into',
are given above (see also below). The masculine nouns shown all have the same
form for both nominative and accusative singular. Note, however, that all of
these nouns designate things which do not have animal life. Such, inanimate,
masculine nouns have the same form for nom1native and accusative singular. Mas-
culine nouns denoting people or animals of any sort (things having animal life)
are known as 'animate l nouns. The accusative singular of such nouns is dis-
cussed in Note 12.1. Suffice it to say here that such nouns have a suffix l-al
in the accusative: N /gospodin/, A /gospodina/.
114

BASIC COURSE UNIT 6
Neuter nouns always have the same form for nominative and accusative.
Note /vreme/ 'time, weather'. This noun has special forms which will be taken
up later.
Feminine nouns with nominative singular in I-a/ have l-ul in the accusative
singular. Feminine nouns of the In6l type have, with a few exceptions, the
same form for nominative and accusative singular. Without exception nouns of
this type which end in a consonant in the nominative have the same form for the
accusative. In6/ is the only noun of this type which has occurred. They will
be referred to as feminine I-i/ nouns (for reasons to appear later).
In sununary:
Masculine Masculine Neuter Feminine Feminine

Inanimate Animate
,
Nom. jezik gospodin meso stanica noe
,
Ace. jezik gospodina meso stanicu noe
Note 6.1.2 Noun: Use of accusative
a. Oni piju caj.
b. Idemo u pozorite.
The accusative case may be used as (a) the object of a verb of (b) the
object of a preposition. It is also used in expressions indicating duration of
time (equivalent to sentences such as Ihe was there a monthl, 'I stayed a year'
etc.). The only time expression with the accusative which has occurred is
/laku no/, la light night,l.
The accusative with the preposition /u/ indicates direction towards, often
literally spatial, as /u pozoritel Ito (that is, into) the theater'. Compare
also /Mi putujemo cesto u Zagreb i Split/, that is linto Zagreb and Splitl.
(Note, however, that /za/ 'to, forl is used here in the other dialect.) The
preposition /na/ with the accusative indicates direction towards in a way very
parallel to /u/, /nal plus accusative usually meaning lonto l
Another example of /za/ with the accusative is in ITo je dobro za va

srpskohrvatskil, with the meaning Ifor'.
11.5

What case follows a given preposition and what meaning the combination
has must be learned. The object of a verb may also be in another case, as
/crnog kruha/ in the Basic Sentences. Here the latin version uses the genitive
(Note 11.1), while the cyrillic uses the accusative.
Note 6.2 Adjective: Accusative Singular
l ,
cf-nI hleb c~ni hleb
I I ...
sladn kafu sladu kafu
,, I ... ,
noc laku noc
I ..
meso telee m~so
hl~dno pIvo hl~dno pIvo
These are examples of adjectives plus noun in the accusative. On the

left the adjectives are stressed as if said by themselves, so that each adjec-
tive plus noun group is made up of two phrases. This shows the stresses and
vowel lengths of the adjectives when fully differentiated. When the adjective
has secondary stress the endings, being unstressed, are all short.
It may be seen from these few examples that adjectives modifying inanimate
mascu1ine nouns (/hleb/) or neuter nouns (/m~so/, /plvo/) have the same form as
in the nominative. (The endings with animate mascu1ine nouns are discussed in
Note 12.2.) Adjectives modifying feminine nouns (of either type) have j-u/
(or j-u/) in the accusative singular.
Some of the adjectives introduced in this unit are:
m. f. n.
,
indefinite beo jbljel b~la /bijela belo jbije10
definite b~lT /blje1I b~Hi jblje1a b~10 jblje10
, ,
indefinite cf-n crna crno
definite cf-nI cf-na cr-no
,
:+ndefinite g5rak g5rka gorko
definite g~rkI g5rka g5rko
116

BASIC COURSE UNIT 6
, ,
indefinite hl~dan hladna hladno
definite hl&dnr hl~dna: hl~dno
vrU ',
indefinite vrUa vru.ce
, , , , ,,
vruci vru.ca vru.ce
definite gorei gorea goree

only slaI slaa slae
, , ,
Pronominal ovaj ova ovo
Note the variation of stress between indefinite and definite forms.
Note 6.3 Verb: /elIm/ and /volIm/

v
Zelim da jedem.
Ne volim hladnu kafu.
/elIm/ means II want, I wish, I desire'. /vollm/ means II like, I

preferi. The normal English equivalent of /ellm/ is often Ilid likel, but
this should not be confused with II likel, /volIm/.
Note 6.4 Verb: Infinitive

v, I , v, l ,
ZelIm veeerati ZelIm da veceram
As noted in Unit l, there are some ~ifferences of grammatical construc-

tion between eastern and central Serbo-Croatian. One of the most common is
illustrated above. The central dialect uses the infinitive after words such as
Iwant', similar to English II want to ea~ dinner l The eastern dialect uses
a clause intorduced by /da/, II want that I eat dinner l
The infinitive is the form used when talking about the verb (e.g. 'the
present of [the verb] /jesti/') and is the form which is used in dictionaries.
Beginning with this unit the infinitive will be given whenever a new verb is
introduced. The first person singular of the verb will also be given, as the
forms are often not predictable, one from the other. Other forms will be given
in the notes as necessary.
117

If a verb is perfective (see Note 5.1), /da/ will be used before the
present tense form. This indicates that the perfective present rarely occurs
without some clause introducer such as /da/. (It does not mean that it always
follows /da/.)
The following list gives the infinitive of most of the verbs which have
been used in units 1-6, as well as the first person singular and the third
person plural of the present. The imperative is given when it has occurred in
the units.
Infinitive Ist. Bg. 3 Pl. Imperative
to be biti sam /jesam su ljesu

,
to bring don~ti da dones~m donesu donesite
to be speaking govoriti govorIm govor~
to be going ',
ici id~m l dil idite /idite
I
to have imati ima:m imaj il
to be going out izlaziti izlazIm iz1az~
to excuse izvfniti da izv!n!m !zv!n~ izvfnite

/izvfnjeti
to excuse izvoleti da izvol!m izvol~ izvolte

/izvoljeti /izvolite
to be drinking piti plj~ pijil

,
to be travelling putovati putuj~ putujU
to be working radit! r!dIm r!d~
to be conversing razgovlirati razgova:ra:m razgova.rajU

, , ,
to understand razumeti razum~m razumejil
/razUmjeti /razUmij~m /razUmijii
to be sitting sedeti sedIm sed~ sedite
/sjediti /sjedIm /sjed~ /sjedite
to sit down sesti da sedn~m sednil

/sjesti jda sjedn~m /sjednU
to be learning uiti uim u~
118

BASIC COURSE UNIT 6
to be eating an vecerati veceram veceraju

evening meal
to like vole ti /volJeti volim vole
to know znati znam znaju
GRAMMATICAL DRILL
The conversations will be the only drills given with central dialect
variants from Unit 6 on, though vocabulary items are used for substitution in
some drills. Obviously the instructor may use either dialect in going through
the drills.
GD 6.1 Controlled Adaptation Drill
In this drill the nouns listed for substitution are all given in the
nominative form. The noun used in the sentence is given at the head of the list,
also in the nominative, to show whether or not any change of form is necessary.
Some place names are added for additional practice.
Moj prijatelj zeli da ide u restoran. restoran

hotel
Zagreb
Beograd
pozorite
Skoplje
Sarajevo
selo
Moj prijatelj zeli da ide u ambasadu. ambasada

Ljubljana
Amerika
Jugoslavija
Ja volim moj hotel. moj hotel
Ne volim moj hotel. mali restoran

crno pivo
belo vino
119

crni hleb
vru aj
bijeli kruh
, ,
Ja volim vrucu kafu. vruca kafa
,
Ne volim vrucu kafu. hladna voda slaa kafa
gorea kafa
velika soba
naa ambasada
Dajte mi jo jedan aj. jedan aj
jedno pivo
jedno belo vino
Dajte mi jo jednu kafu. jedna kafa

jedna slaa kafa
jedna gora kafa
jedna potpuno gorka kafa
jedna aa vode
GD 6.2 Adaptation Drill with negative transform
Make the substitutions indicated, changing the form when necessary, then
give the negative of the statement.
Toma i Jovan zele da idu u restoran. soba Beograd

hotel Zagreb
selo Skoplje
ambasada Ljubljana
bioskop Sarajevo
Jugoslavija
Oni vole svoj hotel. mali restoran vru oaj

velika soba naa ambasada
vrua kafa njihovo pozorite
120

BASIC COURSE UNIT 6
GD 6.3 Substitution Correlation Drill

GD 6.3.1 Adjective substitutlon
Ova kafa je hladna. Ja volim hladnu kafu.
dobar gorak
,
sladak vruc
jak
,
Ovo pivo je vruce. Ja ne volim vrue pivo.
sladak slab
jak hladan
rav
Ovaj aj je hladan. Ja ne volim hladan aj.

,
gorak vruc
rav jak
Moja kafa je slatka. Ja ne pijem slatku kafu.
Moje pivo nije hladno. Ja ne pijem vrue pivo.
Moj aj je gorak. Ja pijem sladak aj.
va njihov
na
njegov Tomin
njen Zorin
GD 6.3.2 Verb subject substitution
Substitution of verb SUbject with negative transform. Use each of the

SUbjects indicated, changing the verb as necessary.
Ja volim svoj (Imoj) hotel.
on ona mi vi oni
Jovan moja zena otac i ja vi i vaa gospoa Toma i Jovan
otac majka moja zena i Ja vi i Jovan g. i g-a Jovi
121

ti one
moja majka i zena
g-da i g-ca Smit
Moj prijatelj pije kafu ujutru.
majka ti
vi oni
Tomina zena vi i vaa ena
moja zena i ja on i njegov otac
Toma i Jovan g-da i g-ca Jovi
Use the items listed as subjects of the verb in each sentence, changing
both verbs to the correct form. Then give the negative transfarm of the sentence.
For example:
v
Zelim da idem u restoran.
G-ca Jovi zeli da ide u restoran.
G-ca Jovi ne zeli da ide u restoran.
elim da idem u restoran.
on (mi)
ona moja majka i ja
vaa majka oni
vi g. i g-da Jovi
vi i va otac one
GD 6.3.3 Verb substitution (/eleti/, /voleti/)
In this drill the underlined verb phrase is to be changed in the next sen-
tence. The Serbo-Croatian of the latter is to be covered and the cue is given
by the next English sentence. The drill is on the distinction between the verbs
/eleti/ Ito want tal and /voleti/ Ito like, preferi.
Moj prijatelj zeli jaku crnu kafu. My friend would like a strong black
[cup of] coffee.
On voli jaku crnu kafu. He likes strong black coffee.
Toma i Jovan piju jaku crnu kafu. Tom and John drink strong black coffee.
122

BASIC COURSE UNIT 6
Toma i Jovan vole jaku crnu kafu. Tom and John like strong black coffee.
Oni ele jaku crnu kafu. They would like strong black coffee.
Moja ena voli da ide u pozorite. My wife likes to go to the theater.
Ona zeli da ide u pozorite. She'd like to go to the theater.
I ja zelim da idem u pozorite. I'd like to go to the theater, too.
Ja takoe volim pozorite. I also like the theater.
GD 6.4 Questions and Answers - Pitanja i odgovori

This is a pair drill. Change both the question and the answer as indicated
by the substitutions indicated.
l 2
Gde idete? Idem u nau ambasadu.
on .. svoja soba
vi i gospoa . moja soba
oni ... restoran
Toma i Jovan .. Jovanova soba
g. i. g-a Jovi . bioskop
l 2
Gde putuju g. i g-a Smit? Oni putuju u Jugoslaviju.
va prijatelj ... Skoplje

Tomina majka .. Ljubljana
va otac i majka .... Dalmacija
vaa majka i ena Sarajevo
vaa zena i njena majka Beograd
vi nigde
l 2
Gde izlazite uvece? Obicno idem u pozorite.
g. i g-a Smit . bioskop

Toma ... hotel Metropol
Zora i njen muz . nigde
123

l 2
ta pije~ ujutru? Pijem kafu.
vaa gospoda crna kafa

Tomin otac bela kafa
Zora vru caj
va otac i majka topal caj
l 2
Kakav hotel imate? Imam dobar hotel.
restoran oni
soba g. i g-da Smit
kupatilo vi i gospoda
l 2
Kad pijete kafu? Pijem uvece.
Zor1n otac caj

Tomina majka bela kafa
Zora i njen otac pivo
g-da i g-ca Jovi belo vino
Make the substitutions as indicated. The adjectives to be used in the

answers are given in parentheses.
l 2 3
Kakvu kafu pijete? Pijem ~ kafu.
caj (jak) Toma

pivo (crn) Zora
vino (beo) Toma i Zora
pivo (hladan) Zora i njen otac
vino (crn) Zora i njena majka
Make the indicated substitutions.
l 2
Da li (Vi) idete cesto u pozorite? Da" idem.
Ne" ne idem.
Da" idem cesto u pozori~te.
Ne" ne idem cesto u pozori~te.
124

BASIC COURSE UNIT 6
Toma ....................... kafana

vi i gospoa bioskop
va prijatelj i njegova zena selo
,
g. i g-a Jovic Zagreb
l 2
Da li (vi) putujete cesto u Dalmaciju? Da, putujem.
Ne, ne putujem.
Da, putujem cesto u Dalmaciju.
Ne, ne putujem cesto u Dalmaciju.
g. Srni t . Saraj evo

Zora i njen muz ... Makedonija
,
vi i g. Jovic . Bosna
Zora i njena majka Hercegovina
Toma i njegov prijatelj Crna Gora

v
Zelim da pijem crnu kafu. ta elite da pijete?
Ja pijem slatku kafu. Kakvu kafu pijete?
Oni (piju jak caj). Kakav caj oni piju?
Mi elimo belo vino. Kakvo vino elite?
On (Moj prijatelj) voli crnu kafu. Da li va prijatelj voli crnu kafu?
I ja volim crnu kafu. A da li vi volite crnu kafu?
Ja pijem kafu ujutru. Kad pijete kafu? Ita pijete ujutru?

Moja kafa je dobra. Kakva je vaa kafa? Da li je dobra?
I moj caj je dobar. A kakav je va caj? Da li je dobar?
Moja zena pije slatku kafu. Kakvu kafu pije vaa gospoa? IDa li
vaa gospoa pije slatku kafu?
On (Moj prijatelj) eli da pije pivo. ta zeli da pije va prijatelj?
I ja elim da pijem pivo. A ta vi zelite da pijete?
Ja ne volim hladnu kafu. Da li vi volite hladnu kafu?
Ova kafa je hladna. Donesite mi ta elite, gospodine?

drugu kafu.
12.5

Donesite mi jo jedno pivo. Da li lelite jo jedno pivo?
Donesite mi jedan vru ~aj. Da li ~elite jo neto, gospodine?
INe lelim nita, hvala.

v v
Ja sam ledan. Zelim da pijem Da li ste zedni? Zelite li da pijete
neto. neto?
INisam ledan. Ne elim da pijem

nita.
On (Jovan) je gladan i edan. Da li Jovan eli neto da jede ili pije?
I ja sam edan. Da li ste i vi ledni?
INi ja nisam ledap
On (Moj otac) pije kafu uve~e. Kad va otac pije kafu?
IMoj otac nikad ne pije kafu.
Ja pijem kafu uve~e. ta vi pijete uve~e? IDa li pijete
kafu uve~e?
Oni imaju lepu sobu. Kakvu sobu oni imaju?
IDa li oni imaju lepu sobu?
Oni putuju ~esto u Dalmaciju. Da li oni ~esto putuju?

GD 6.6.1
A B
ta pijete ujutru? Pijem kafu.

Kakvu kafu pijete? Pijem jaku gorku kafu.
Da li vaa gospoa pije kafu? Ne, moja lena ne pije kafu.
ta ona pije? Ona pije ~aj. Ona voli ~aj.
Kakav ~aj ona pije? Ona pije sladak, vrlo jak ~aj.
mTa DajeTe yj,TPY?
HaKsy Ka~y DajeTe? DRjeK jaKy ropKy Ka~y.
Aa~H sama rOCDo~a Daje Ka~y? He, Koja ~eHa He Daje Ka~.
126

BASIC COURSE UNIT 6
BITa OHa naje? OHa nHje qaj. OHa BOAH ~aj.
KaKaB qaj OHa naje? OHa nHje CAa~aK, BpdO jaK qaj.
GD 6.6.2
Gde idu Toma i Jovan. Idu u ambasadu.
Da li vi idete u ambasadu? Ne, moja zena i ja idemo u restoran.

Zatolidete u restoran? Ja elim da jedem, a moja zena zeli
da pije ~aj.
Kakav je va restoran? Je li skup? Mi idemo u jedan mali restoran. On

je dobar i nije skup.
r~e H~y TOMa H JOBaH? M~y Y aM6aca~y.
~a ~H BH HAeTe y aM6acaAY? He, Moja ~eHa H ja H~eMo y peCTopaH.

l
3amTO HAeTe y pecTopaH? Ja ~e~HM Aa jeAeu, a Moja EeHa ~e~H
Aa naje llaj.
RaKaB je Bam peCTopaH? Je Aa cKyn? MH HAeMO y jeAaH uaAH peCTopaH. OH je

Ao6ap H HHje cKyn.
l I l
/zato/ - why
GD 6.6.3
ta elite, gospodine? elim da jedem.
ta elite da jedete? Donesite mi supu, telee meso i ako

imate crni hleb.
v
Zeli te li neto da pijete? Jeste, donesite mi jedno hladno pivo.
ta eli gospoa? Ona ne eli da jede. Ona eli da pije

~aj.
Kakav ~aj gospoa eli. Ona pije sladak, ali jak aj.
Molim, gospodine.
WTa seAHTe rocnOAHHe?
liTa ~e~HTe Aa je~eTe? ~oHeCHTe Ma cyny, Te~ehe Meco H aKO

HuaTe UpHH xJIe6.
~eJIHTe JIM HeWTO Aa nHjeTe? JeCTe, AOHecHTe MH jeAHo XJIapHO OHBO.
127

WTa ~e~H rocno~a?
KaKas ~aj rocno~a Ee~? OHa nHje C~AaK, a~ jaK ~aj.

GD 6.7.1 Make questions to which the following sentences are appropriate
answers. The questions to sentences 1-4 are to be made with /kakav/ (in the
proper form), sentences 5-7 with /gde/, sentences 8-10 with /kad/.
l. Moj prijatelj ima lepu i veliku sobu.
2. Toma i Jovan piju jaku, slatku kafu.
3. Ja pijem slab, gorak aj.
4. Zora i njen muz imaju malo i prljavo kupatilo.
5. Toma i njegov prijatelj izlaze svako vece u hotel Metropol.
6. Gospodin i gospoa Jovi idu u pozorite.
7. Moj prijatelj ne ide svaki dan u bioskop.
8. Kafu pijem uvee.
9. Moja zena pije caj uvee.
10. Zelim da pijem kafu.
GD 6.7.2 Make another set of questions for the above sentences, using /da li/
for sentences 1-5, /li/ alone for sentences 6-10.
Make short affirmative answers to 1-5, long to 6-10. Make long negative
answers to 6-10.
128

BASIC COURSE UNIT 7
UNIT 7
Ask1ng For Informst10n Trazenje obavetenja Tpa~eHe o6aBemTeHQ
~ I ~ # J I #
How are the hotels here? Kakvi su oVdje hoteli? ~KBH cy OBAe XOTeJIH?
da 11 su
.
are they Aa JIB cy
or, jesu li j~CY JIH
II #
Are they good? Da li su dobri? JJ..a JJB cy Ao6pH?
!. I
Our hotels are clean Nai hoteli su cisti HamH XOTeJIB cy qHCTH H
and comfortable.
, -
i udobni. y,n;o6HH.
I ' J
Thatis fine. To Je dobro. To je Ao6po.
why zato Ito 3amTO /mT~
to ask pItati, plta:m nHTSTH, nHTaM --

, I ~ - # .. I :. - #
Why do you ask? Zato pitate? 3amTo nHT&Te?
both . and i .. i
nei ther . nor ni ni HH HH
129

J. I J ..l
We have very comfortable Mi imamo vrlo udobne MH HlIallO BpJIO y,no6He H
(both) hotels and
restaurants. ~ I
hotele i restorane.
~
XOT8JI8
, , -
H p8CTopaHe.
information obavjet~nje 06aS8mT8He
I
Excuse me, [lid like] Oprostite, samo jo M3SHHHTe, caMO jom je~Ho
just one more [bit of]
information. I ~ J
jedno obavjetenje. 06aSemTeB:e.
ask' pIta:jte
, ,
everything, all sve CBe
,
that, which to mTO
I ~ - I
Please, ask whatever Izvolite, pitajte sve
(Iall thatl) you want.
J
to elite. ZeJIHTe.
l ~
How are the bathrooms? Kakve su kupaone?
in good order, {spravan, , -

Hcnpaa&H, HCnpaBH&,
, ~
correct, honest ispravna, -o -o

(of people)
.
order, now pe~, pe~OBH
all right, O.K. y pe~y
~ II ,
Are they perfectly Da li su sasvim u redu? Aa JIK cy ~cnpaBBa?
all right?
130

BASIC COURSE UNIT 7
,
naturally, of course naravno aapaSHO
, , , , .
all sav, sva, sve cas, csa, cse
Of course. All the bath- Naravno. Sve su HapasHO. CSS KynaTH~ cy

rooms are all right.
I
kupaone u redu. y pe.n.y.
.... "-
warm topal/topao, TOnaJ1 / Tonao,
tbpla, -o Ton~, -o
I I
Do they have hot and Da li imaju toplu i ,na J1H HMajy TOnJ1Y H
cold water?
# #
hladnu vodu? XJ18.AHY SOAY?
'# '
Yes, they do. Da, imaju.
,
one should not ne treba
reflexive pronoun sebe, se c~6e ce
.
to worry brinuti (se), 6PHHYTH (ce),
brinem [se]
. . -I I I
You should not worry Ne treba nita brinuti. He Tpe6a HHmTa .n.a 6pHHeTe.
about anything.
truth istina
.
HCTHHa
he, she, it doesnit HeMa

have; there isn1t
131

Is it true that not every Da li je istina, da IJ.a JIH je HCTHH a, Aa CBaKa

room has its own bath?
: -I #
svaka soba nema c06a HeMa csoje KynaTHJIO?
#
svoju kupaonicu?
,I '
Yes, it is. Da, istina je. tJ.~1 ~CTHHa je.
..
bed postelja KpeBeT
'"
CTOJIHIJ;a
chair stolica
table st51 G. stola -

CTO, CTOJIB.
,
CTOJIOBH
pl. stolovi
,
mirror zrcalo (Cr.) Ofl JIe Aa JIO
I
But all their rooms Ali sve sobe imaju AJIH CBe c06e HMajy YAo6He
have comfortable beds,
nice chairs, tables, II J II
and mirrors. udobne postelje, KpeseTe, ~ene CTOJIHUe,
II
lijepe stolice, CTOJIOBe H OrJIeAa~a.
I
stolove i zrcala.
to maintain, keep odr~vati, odravam
is maintained, iE kept odrava se o.npJICB.Ba ce
cleanliness ista 1.IHCToha
L I I
How is the cleanliness Kako se ovdje odrava KaKO ce OB.ne O~pJICB.Ba
(maintained) here?
# #
istoa? 1.IHcToha?
132

BASIC COURSE UNIT 7
Very good. Vrlo dobro. BpJIO .D:06po.
Belgrade Beograd Eeorpa.D:
... ...
park napK, napKoBH
like, as Kao
as well as kao i Kao H
...
street ulica YJIH~a
square t~g, pl. t~govl Tpr, TproBH
L J
Both Belgrade and Zagreb I Beograd i Zagreb M Eeorpa.D: H 3arpe6 HMajy
have beautiful parks
as well as clean streets J
and squares. imaju lijepe parkove, JIene rrapKOBe, Kao H
I
ciste ulice i t~gove.
coffeehouse, coffee kavana

shop
I
Are all the coffeehouses Da li su sve kavane ~a JIH CY CBe Ka~aHe Ao6pe
nice and clean?
I # #
dobre i ciste? H tlHCTe?
zalost f.
.. -
>IW.JIOCT
sadness, grief,
affliction
unfortunately na zalost Ha
. -
:lK8JIOCT
J
they are not nIsu HM:Cy
133

Unfortunately, they are not.

-
Na alost, nisu. Ha )1(QJIOCT, HHCY.
,
lim sorry ('sorry zao mi je uo MH je
is to mei)
to hear cuti, cUjm

l
v, l lo
l'm sorry to hear that. Zao mi je to cuti. Eao MH je WTO ~yjeM TO.
GRAMMATICAL NOTES
Note 7.1 Noun/Adjective: Nominative and Accusative Plural
Nai hoteli su cisti i udobni.
Mi imamo vrlo udobne i hotele i restorane.
Ali sve sobe imaju udobne krevete (postelje), lepe stolice, stolove i
ogledala (zrcala).
Da li su sve kafane dobre i ciste.
Sva kupatila su u redu.
These sentences illustrate nouns of all genders in the plural, both nominative
and accusative. Compare:
Masculine Adjective
, , ,
Sing. NA hotel restora:n park st5 krevet cis t udoban
Plural N hoteli restor~ni parkovi stolovi kreveti cisti udobni

, I ,
A hotele restorB:ne parkove stolove krevete ciste udobne
Feminine /-i/
Sing. NA n5 vecer
Plural NA noi vec eri
134

BASIC COURSE UNIT 7
Neuter
,
Sing. NA ogledalo zrcalo cisto udobno
Plural NA zrcala cista udobna
These illustrate conunon endlngs:
Sing. Masc. Fern. Fern. l-il Neut. Pl. Masc. Fern. Fern. /-i/ Neut.
N -zero -a -zero -o -i -e -i -a
A -zero -u -zero -o -e -e -i -a
There are variations of some of these (such as /-e/ for neuter singular), but
these are typical endings. The adjective endings are nearly the same, with the
addition of /-i/ or /-1/ for the masculine NA singular, noting that the other
endings may be long when the adjective is definite and has primary stress (for
example, /dobr~/).
Some masculine nouns have an extended stem in the plural (/trgovi/,

/stolovi/, /parkovi/). Most such nouns have one syllable stems in the singular.
/st5/ has the /1/ of the stem /stol/ replaced by /-0/, resulting in long /-0/.
Note 7.2 Adjective: Agreement with Multiple Nouns
Mi imamo vrlo udobne i hotele i restorane.
Imaju prilicno ciste ulice i trgove.
In these sentences the adjective pertains to both of the following nouns.

It so happens that the endings are the same for the adjectives and nouns con-
cerned. Were the nouns in the second sentence in the nominative (/ulice i
trgovi/), the ~ndings would be different and the adJective could agree with only
one of them: /Ciste ulice i trgovi/. Were the nouns reversed, the form would
be: /Cisti trgovi i ulice/. In other words, where an adjective goes with two
or more nouns, it usually agrees in form with the nearer (or nearest) of the
nouns.
Should the nouns be singular and indicate people, the adjective may agree
with the nearer or it may be plural:
135

Njegov otac i majka.
Njegova majka i sin.
Njegovi brat i sestra.
When the adjective is in the predicate and refers back to the noun, it
is masculine plural when
l) the subject is masculine plural
Nai gradovi su lepi.
2) the subject consists of two masculine nouns
Na park i trg su lepi.
3) the subject consists of singular nouns of mixed genders
Na krevet i ogledalo su lepi.
Naa soba i krevet su udobni.
Na brat i sestra su mali.
4) the subject consists of two neuters
Nae ogledalo i kupalilo su cisti.
The adjective is feminine plural if both sUbjects are feminine.
Nae vec eri i noi su lepe.
Nae ulice i kafane su ciste.
The adjective is neuter plural if both sUbjects are neuter plural.
Naa ogledala i kupatila su cista
Note 7.3 Noun: Slngular and Plural - Special Cases (/vece/ and /vec~r/)
Occasional nouns in Serbo-Croatian occur only in the singular or only in

the plural (compare scissors in English). Examples of such will be noted when
they occur. Ivecel (of /dobro vecel) occurs only in the singular. When the
plural levenings l is spoken of the plural of the feminine Iii noun Iveceri is
used: /veceri/.
136

BASIC COURSE UNIT 7
Note 7.4 Verb /imati/: negative present
Da li je istina da svaka soba nema svoje kupatilo?
In Note 4.3 special negative verb forms such as /nije/ were mentioned.
Three verbs have such forms, in which the negative prefix combines with the
following verb. The negative present of /imati/ is one of these. Compare:
,
imam im~mo imamo nemam n~ma:mo
ima imate n~mate
ima imaju n~maju
An explanatory spelling with double vowels for length clarifies the structure:
/imaam/, negative /neemaam/ (that is, /imaam/ has the shape /-emaam/ after
Ine-I) .
Grammatical Drills - Grammati~ka vezba
GD 7.1 Substitution-Learning Drill - Zamena, vezba za u~enje
GD 7.1.1 Nominative Plural - Nominativ mnozine
Nai hoteli su lepi i cisti. restorani parkovi
Nai hoteli nisu lepi i cisti. kreveti trgovi
Ravi su i prljavi. stolovi
Njihove sobe su velike i ciste. kafane stanice
Njihove sobe nisu velike i iste. postelJe ulice
Male su i prljave. kupaonic3 /kupaone
Naa sela su mala, ali lepa. pozorita ogledala
Naa nisu mala. Velika su, kazalita kupatila

ali nisu cista.
137

GD 7.1.2 Accusative Singular and Plural - Akuzativ jednine i mnozine
Oni imaju velike i ciste krevete.
Oni nemaju velike i ciste krevete.
Njihovi kreveti su mali i nisu cisti.
restorane hotele parkove
trgove stolove
Moji prijatelji imajU velike i ciste sobe.
Moji prijatelji nemaju velike i ciste sobe.
Njihove sobe su male i prljave.
kafane postelje stolice
GD 7.2 Substitution Learning Drill

GD 7.2.1 Several subjects (in singular and plural) of the same gender.
Moj hotel i restoran su cisti. prljav
Nai hoteli i restorani su cisti. lep
Moja soba i kafana su ciste. veliki
Nae sobe i kafane su ciste. mali
Moje kupatilo i ogledalo su cisti.
Naa kupatila i ogledala su cista.
GD 7.2.2 Several subjects (in singular and plural) of different genders.
Moja Soba i krevet su cisti. prljav
Nae Sobe i kreveti su cisti. veliki
Moja Soba i kupatilo su cisti. mali
Nae Sobe i kupatila su cisti. lep
138

BASIC COURSE UNIT 7
GD 7.2.3 Several objects (in singular and plural) of different genders.
On ima cistu sobu i kupatilo. Hotel ima ciste sobe i kupatila.
Ja imam cist krevet i sobu. Hotel ima ciste krevete i sobe.
Mi imamo cisto kupatilo i krevet. Hotel ima cista kupatila i krevete.
udoban veliki
prljav neudoban
GD 7.3 Substitution-Correlation Drill - Vezba sa zamenama i izmenama

GD 7.3.1 Substitution-Correlation Drill with negative transform
Njihovi kreveti su udobni i cisti.
na hotel na park moja stolica
njihova stanica va restoran naa ambasada
Nae kafane su male i ciste.
njihova ulica njeno kupatilo njegov trg
na park nae pozorite Zorino ogledalo
nae selo naa kupaonica /kupaona
Imamo lepe i ciste sobe.
krevet /postelja ogledalo park
ulica pozorite stolica

/kazalite kupaonica /kupaona
sto
GD 7.3.2 Substitution-Correlation Drill with nominative plural transform.
The following drill is substitution with nominative plural transforms.

The initial substitution is that of the singular form. The plural of this is
to be supplied ~y the student without further cue.
139

Na restoran je veliki i lepo Nai restorani su veliki i lepi.
Tomina soba je lepa, iako je jeftina.
Ovde je hotel dobar, iako je mali.
Kupatilo je dobro, iako je staro.
Naa ulica je mala, ali cista.
Na trg je veliki, ali nije eist.
Naa stanica je mala i prljava.
Zorina ogledalo je malo, ali dobro.
Njihov trg je veliki i lepo
Stolica je velika i udobna.
Na sto je mali, ali vrlo lepo
Nae selo je veliko i lepo.
No je lepa i vedra.
Dan je lep i topal.
Jutra je lepo, ali hladno.
Vee je lepo, ali toplo. /Veer
GD 7.3.3 Substitution-Correlation Drill with accusative plural transfarm.
Imam veliki i eist krevet. Imam velike i ciste krevete.
Moji prijatelji nemaju dobru sobu.
Ne volim mali hotel.
Moj prijatelj voli svoju sobu.
Volim nau ulicu.
Mi imamo dobro i veliko pozorite.
Zagreb ima dobar hotel.
Beograd ima veliki i lep trg.

BASIC COURSE UNIT 7
Oni imaju malu, ali cistu stanicu.
Mi imamo lep park.
Oni nemaju cista kupatilo.
GD 7.3.4 Substitutlon-Correlation Adjective Drill
Make the substitutions as indicated, changing the ~orm o~ the adjective

as necessary.
Moj krevet je udoban.
Njegova stolica je udobna.
neudoban mali cist
prljav jeftin lep
skup
Njihov hotel je ~
Naa postelja je ~.
Ovde su stanice nove.
Sva ogledala su nova.
Sve sobe imaju ~ krevete.
Mi imamo nove krevete.
Oni imaju novo ogledalo.
cist stari prljav
Vaa sela su velika.
Svi stolovi su veliki.
Moj krevet je veliki.
Va hotel ima velike sobe.
Va prijatelj ima veliku sobu.
Vi imate velika sela.

cist mali prljav
lep
Make all 2 substitutions with the original sentence, then with each l substitu-
tion:
l 2
Beograd ima ~ trgove 1 parkove.
l 2
cist prljav hotel i restoran
mali veliki kafana i hotel pozori~te i bioskop
stari lep ulica i park
2 l
Njihovi kreveti i sobe nisu dobri.
l 2
udoban neudoban soba i kupatilo
rav stari hotel i kafana
nov stolica i sto

Controlled Substitution-Learning Drill
Make the indicated substitutions. Nominative plural.
Kakvi su vai kreveti? Dobri su.

Nisu dobri.
Nai kreveti su dobri.
Nai kreveti nisu dobri.
Ravi su.
krevet
hotel restoran park trg
Kakve su vae sobe? Velike su.

Nisu velike.
Nae ~ su velike.
Nae sobe nisu velike.

BASIC COURSE UNIT 7
Male su i prljave.
kafana ulica stanica
stolica postelja
Kakva su vaa pozorita? Dobra su.

Nisu dobra.
Naa pozorita su dobra.
Naa pozorita nisu dobra.
selo kazalite
ogledalo /zrcalo
Make the indicated substitutions. Accusative plural.
Kakve hotele imaju Beograd i Zagreb? Imaju lepe hotele.

Nemaju lepe hotele.
Oni imaju lepe hotele.
Oni nemaju lepe hotele.
Njihovi hoteli su mali i prljavi.
hotel
restoran trg park
Kakve sobe imate? Imamo lepe ~.
Nemamo lepe sobe.

Nae sobe su male i prljave.
soba
ulica kafana stolica
stanica postelja
Make the indicated substitutions with the necessaryadaptations. Nominative

plural.
Kakvi su vai hoteli? Dobri su.

Nisu dobri.
143

Nai hoteli su dobri.

Nai hoteli nisu dobri.
Ravi su i skupi.
njihovo pozorite njena soba njegova kafana
vae pozorite njihov bioskop
Kakve su vae ulice? Lepe su.

Nisu lepe.
Nae ulice su lepe i ciste.
Nae ulice nisu lepe. One su prljave
i male.
njegov bioskop va trg njihov park
vae selo
Make the indicated substitutions and adaptations. Accusative plural.
Kakve sobe ima hotel Metropol? Ima dobre sobe.

Nema dobre sobe.
On ima dobre sobe.
On nema dobre sobe, iako je nov i skup.
ogledalo krevet /postelja
Kakve hotele imaju Beograd i Zagreb? Imaju dobre hotele.

Nemaju dobre hotele.
Oni imaju dobre hotele.
Oni nemaju dobre hotele.
ulica trg pozorite /kazalite
kafana bioskop park
Controlled Substitution-Correlation Drill
Make the indicated substitutions. Nominative plural.
Da li su njihovi kreveti cisti? Da, cisti su.

Ne, nisu cisti.
144

BASIC COURSE UNIT 7
Da, njihovi kreveti su cisti.

Ne, njihovi kreveti nisu cisti. Oni
su prljavi i neudobni.
krevet
hotel restoran bioskop /kino
Da li su Tomine i Jovanove sobe dobre? Da, dobre su.

Ne, nisu dobre.
Da, njihove sobe su dobre.
Ne, njihove sobe nisu dobre.
Male su i prljave.
Tomina i Jovanova soba
vaa kafana njihova ulica
Tomina stolica vaa stanica
Da li su njihova pozorita dobra? Da, dobra su.

/kazalita Ne, nisu dobra.
Da, njihova pozorita su dobra.
Ne, njihova pozorita nisu dobra.
Mala su i prljava.
njihovo pozorite
vae kupatilo njeno ogledalo
Make the indicated substitutions. Accusative plural.
Da li Beograd i Zagreb imaju lepe Da, imaju.

i velike hotele? Ne, nemaju.
Da, Beograd i Zagreb imaju lepe i
velike hotele.
Ne, Beograd i Zagreb nemaju lepe i
velike hotele. Njihovi hoteli su
mali i prljavi.
lep i veliki hotel
dobar i jeftin restoran veliki i cist trg veliki i cist park

dobar i jeftin bioskop
145

Da li imate dobre i ciste sobe? Da, imamo.

Ne, nemamo.
Da, imamo dobre i ciste sobe.
Ne, nemamo dobre i ciste sobe.
Nae sobe su male i prljave.
dobra i cista soba
lepa i prava ulica velika i cista kafana

velika i udobna stolica velika i cista stanica
Da li imate lepa i ispravna kupatila? Da, imamo.

Ne, nemamo.
Da, imamo dobra i ispravna kupatila.
Ne, nemamo dobra i ispravna kupatila.
Naa kupatila su rava i neispravna.
lepo i ispravno kupatilo
dobro i jeftino pozorite lepo i veliko ogledalo
lepo i cista selo
Repeat the above drills, using pattern:
Jesu li njihovi kreveti cist? Jesu, cisti su.

Nisu cisti. Prljavi su.
Jeste, njihovi kreveti su cisti.
Ne, njihovi kreveti nisu cisti, ali
neki su.
Oni su neudobni i prljavi.
pozorite soba kafana
bioskop postelja
Da li su vae ulice ciste? Da, ciste su.

Ne, nisu ciste.
Da, nae ulice su ciste.
Ne, nae ulice nisu ciste.
njihov bioskop skup va trg lep
vae pozorite dobro

BASIC COURSE UNIT 7
Make the indicated substitutions with transforms. Accusative plural.
Da li Beograd i Zagreb imaju Da, imaju.

velike i lepe hotele? Ne, nemaju.
Da, Zagreb i Beograd imaju lepe i
velike hotele.
Ne, Beograd i Zagreb nemaju lepe i
velike hotele. Njihovi hoteli su
mali i neudobni.
lepa i prava ulica dobro i jeftino pozorite veliki i lep trg
velika i udobna kafana dobar i jeftin bioskup lep i veliki park
Repeat the above drills, using the pattern:
Jesu li hoteli udobni i cisti? Jesu.

etc.

Nai restorani i hoteli su udobni Kakvi su vai restorani i hoteli?
i cisti. Da li su udobni i cisti?
Tomina soba je udobna i cista. Kakva je Tomina soba? Da li je

udobna i cista.
Nae sobe nisu udobne i ciste. Kakve su vae sobe? Da li su udobne
i ciste?
Moje kupatilo je dobro. Kakvo je vae kupatilo?
Naa kupatila su tako de dobra i u redu. Kakva su vaa kupatila? Da li su

ispravna?
Beograd i Zagreb imaju lepe i velike Kakve parkove i trgove imaju Beograd
parkove i trgove. i Zagreb? IDa li Beograd i Zagreb
imaju ...
Mi imamo dobre i restorane i kafane. Kakve restorane i kafane imate?

IMi nemamo dobre ni restorane
ni kafane.
Ja imam lepu sobu i kupatilo i vrlo Kakvu sobu i kupatilo imate? Da li

sam zadovoljan. ste zadovoljni?
Toma i Jovan nemaju dobre sobe i Kakve sobe i kupatila imaju Toma i
kupa~ila i vrlo su nezadovoljni. Jovan? Da li su zadovoljni?
147

IDa li Toma i Jovan imaju

Moja soba i kupatilo su cisti. Da li su vaa (jvai) soba i kupatilo
cisti?
Nae sobe i kreveti su udobni i cisti. Kakve su vae sobe i kreveti? Da
li su udobni i cisti?
Moj hotel i restoran su cisti. Ka~vi su vai hotel 1 restoran? Da

li su cisti?
Hotel ima ciste krevete i sobe. Kakve krevete i sobe ima hotel? IDa
li hotel ima ciste krevete i sobe?
Hotel ima cista kupatila i sobe. Kakva kupatila i sobe ima hotel?
IDa li hotel ima cista kupatila i
sobe?

7.5.1
A B
Kakvi su ovde hoteli? Ovde su hoteli dobri.

Kakve su sobe i kupatila. Da li su Jesu. I sobe i kupatila su cisti.
cisti?
A kakvi su kreveti? Kreveti su takoe dobri i udobni.
Da li su vaa kupatila u redu? Jesu. Sva kupatila su u redu.
Da li su vae sobe skupe? Jesu.
Da li je va restoran skup. Jeste, skup je, ali dobar.
To je dobro. Moj restoran je skup, ao mi je.

iako nije dobar.
RaKBH cy OBp,e XOTe.11H? OBp,e cy XOTe.11H P,06pH.
RaKse cy co6e H KynaTHJI8.. lJ.a J1H cy Jecy. H co6e H KynaTHJI8. cy '{HCTH.

'{HCTH?
A KQKBH cy KpeBeTH? KpeaeTH cy TaKo~e ~06PH z y~o6aH.
lJ,a .11H cy Banta KynaTH.7la y pep,y? Jecy. Osa KynaTHJI8. cy y pe~y.
11.a .11H cy Bame co6e cKyne? Jecy.
lJ.a JIH je Bam peCTopaa cKyn? JeCTe, cKyn je, a.11H ~o6ap.
148

BASIC COURSE UNIT 7
To je Ao6po. Moj pecTopaH je cKyn,

1 Ji{ao MH je.
jaKo Heje Ao6ap.
GD 7.5.2
Da li idete ovde u kafanu? Da, idem.
Kad idete u kafanu? Idem svako drugo vece.
Kakve su kafane ovde? Prilicno su dobre.
U koju kafanu idete? Idem u jednu malu, ali cistu kafanu.
Da li je vaa kafana skupa? Nije. Ona je jeftina.
Da li su sve kafane ovde jeftine? Nisu. Neke su vrlo skupe.
Da li vi idete u skupe kafane? Da, idem, ali retko. Ja ne volim

skupe kafane.
npH~H~HO cy Ao6pe.
y Kojy Ka~HY RAeTe?
.a ~H je Bama Ra~Ha cKyna?
~a ~H cy CBe Ka~eHe oBAe je~THHe? HHCY. HeKe cy BP~O cKyne.
~a, HAeM, a~H peTKO. Ja He BO~HM
cRyne KarPaHe.
GD 7.5.3
Kakve hotele imaju Beograd i Zagreb? Oni imaju dobre i ciste hotele.
Da li idete cesto u Zagreb? Da, idem vrlo cesto. Jedanput ili

dvaput mesecno.
Kakve ulice ima Zagreb? On ima lepe i prave ulice.
Da li Zagreb ima lepe trgove, kao Naravno, Zagreb ima vrlo lepe i
Beograd? velike trgove.
Da li Beograd i Zagreb imaju lepa Jeste, imajU. I Beograd i Zagreb

pozorita? imaju lepa pozorita i bioskape.
Da li vai prijatelji idu l ~sto u Idu, ali ne cesto. Otpr ~danput
pozorite? mjesecno.
149

Za~to oni ne idu ~ee u kazalite? Oni ne znaju dobro srpskohrvatski.
Da li vi znate dobro srpskohrvatski? Znam prili~no dobro.
Ja idem ~esto i u kazalite i u

kino.
KaKse XOTeAe HMajy Beo~paA H 3a~pe6? OHH HKajy Ao6pe H 'HcTe XOTe~e.
Pa AH HAeTe ,eCTO y 3a~pe6? ~S, HAeK BP~O ~~CTO. JeA8HnYT HAH

AS8nyT Mece~HO.
KaKse yAHue HMa 3a~pe6? aa HMS ~ene H npaBe yAKue.
Pa AH 3a~pe6 HMa Aene Tprose, Kao HapsSHO, 3arpe6 HKa sp~o ~ene H
BeorpaA? Be~HRe Tprose.
~a ~ Beo~paA H 3arpe6 Hxajy ~ena JecTe. H BeorpaA H 3arpe6 BMajy

n030pHmTa? ~ena n030pHmTa H 6HocKone.
lJ.a ~H BaDIH npHjaTe.llH HAY lIeCTO '1 HAY, a~H He ~eCTO. OTDpH~Re
n030pHmTe? jeA&HnYT xece~BO.
3amTO OHH Be HAY ~emhe y n030pHWTe? OHH He 3HSjy Ao6po cpnCKoxpSSTCRH.
~a ~H SH 3HaTe Ao6po cpncKoxpsaTcKH? 3HaK npH~~HO Ao6po.
Ja HAeK ,ecTO H Y n030pHWTe H y

6HocRon.
l. Write out each of these sentences using each of the adjectives listed.
dobar <Sist
Nai hoteli su
----- i
Njihove sobe su i veliki udoban
Nae ulice su i lep prav

Njena pozorita su , iako su _ rav skup
Naa kupatila su ______, iako su _ neispravan nov

Zorine stolice su , ali lep neudoban
Ovde su parkovi i trgovi i veliki lep

Trgovi i ulice su __ eist
150

BASIC COURSE UNIT 7
Krevet i soba su _ udoban
Soba i kupatilo su _ ist
2. Change the objects in these sentences to plural.
Zagreb ima lep i veliki hotel.
Imam lepu i veliku sobu.
Moje selo ima lepu i pravu ulicu.
Ljubljana ima veliko i lepo pozorite i bioskop.
Hotel Metropol nema neispravno kupatilo.
Zora ima malu i istu sobu.
Zagreb ima lep i veliki park i trg.
Sarajevo ima ist i lep trg i ulicu.
Toma ima istu sobu i kupatilo.
151

UNIT 8
Meeting People Upoznavanje Yn03HaBa:ae

A
J
Hello, Mr. Jovi. Dobar dan, gospodine ao6ap ~aH, ~ocnO~HHe JosHhy.
Joviu.
I I _ _ #
How are you, what are [Kako ste, to r~drte?] KaKO eTe, WTa pa~HTe?
you doing?
, ,
of' new nova / novoga
I I

, #
How are you, whatrs new Kako ste, to ima KaKO CTe, WTa Hlla HOSO?
(Iwhat is there of' newi)?
#
novoga?
,
question plta:nje DHTaH:e
.!. , L - I
Thanks (f'or the question), Hvala na pitanju dobro XsaJla Ha n~TaH>yl ~o6po cau.
lIm f'ine. How are you?
~/1 I '#
sam. Kako ste vi? RaKO cTe BH?
L I ~ I
I'm f'ine, too, thank you. Hvala. I Ja sam dobro. XsaJla. 11 ja cau ~o6po.
to allow, permit d07 v oliti, da ~03S0J]HTH, ~a
dozvolIm ~03BOJlHM
allow J dozvolite ,ll.03J30JlHTe
to become acquainted, upoznati, da yno3H8TH, ~a

introduce
upozna:m yno3Hall
152

BASIC COURSE UNIT 8
May I introduce you.
,
this, these (pron.) ovo OBO
These are my friends Ovo su moji prijatelji

Bob and Tom.
~ I ).. J
Bob i Tom. BoCS H TOM.
lim glad dra:go mi je MH.7IO MH je
gentlemen gospoda I'ocno,n;a
gentlemen' gospodo I'ocno,n;o
L I . I
lim glad to meet you, Drago mi je vas upoznati MHJIO KH je I'ocno,n;o ,n;a ce
gentlemen.
gospodo. yno3HaMO.
surely sigurno cHrypHo
American (man) Amerik.nac, pl.
Amerik.nci
American (woman) Amerikanka
(interrogative particle zar

expressing surprise)
,
(interrogative sen- zar ne je .7I'Te
tence final), is it
not so?
is that so? je llte j~ .7I J Te

L .L
You are surely Americans, Vi ste sigurno BH CTe CHI'ypHO

arenIt you?
Lo
3'# ~ #
Amerikanci, zar ne? AMepHKaHQH, je .7I I Te?
153

[Yes], we are. Jesmo. Jecvo.
brothers braa 6paha
I I
Theyire brothers. Oni su braca. OHH cy 6paha.
brother brat 6paT
young ml~d, ml~da, -Oj

- "
VJIaAH, -a, -o-
attractive, likable, simpatian, CHVnaTH'IaH,

nice
simpatina, -no CHKnaTH"IHa, -o
,
man ovjek, pl. ljUdi "IOSeK, .bY-AH
I
, I
J.
Bob and his brother are Bob i njegov brat su E06 H H:.eI'OS 6paT Cy' VJI8.AH
very nice young people.
.L I I I
mladi i simpatini H cm.rnaTH"IHH ~YAH.
ljudi.
tourist turist / turista TypHCT / TypHcTa
.L I I
We1re here as tourists. Ovdje smo kao turisti. DSAe CKO Kao TypHCTH.
through kroz Kp03
Europe Evr5pa Espona
Greece Grcka rp'IKa
154

BASIC COURSE UNIT 8
!.
We1re travelling through Mi putujemo kroz
Europe to Greece.
~ I
Evropu, za Grku.
, ,
to see vidjeti, vidIm
Yugoslavia Jugosl~vija JyroCJJBHja
I I I
Now they1d like to see Sada zele vidjeti i Ca~a .e~e Aa BHAe H
Yugoslavia and get
acquainted with it.
upoznati Jugoslaviju.
yn03sajy JyrocJJBHjy.
,
pertaining to business poslovan, poslovna, nOC~OBaH, nOC~OBHa, -o
-o
I , I '
business man poslovan ovjek nOC~OBaB ~OBeK
/b!znismen /6H3HHCMeH
artist Umjetnik, pl. yweTHHK, - YMeTHH~H

-
Umjetnici
Bob is a business man, and B~b je poslovan OVjek l E~6 je nOC~OBaB ~~BeK! a
his brother is an artist.
a njegov brat je aerOB 6paT je yMeTBHK.
umjetnik.
where to, whither
to be leaving, to odlaziti, odlazIm

leave
I '
Where are you going from Kud odlazite odavde, KYA8 OAAa3HTe oAaB~e,
here, gentlemen?
#
gospodo?
155

tomorrow sutra
Athens At~na
We1re travelling to Sutra putujemo za

Athens, (to) Greece,
tomorrow. .!. I
Atenu, u Grcku.
Greek
monurnent spomenIk, pl.
spomenIci
My brother would like to

see the old Greek monu-
ments. L I
stare grke spomenike. ~p~Ke cnOMeHHKe.
I
l'm glad [to hear it] Drago mi je gospodo. MH~O MH je ~ocno~o.
gentlemen.
...
to you vama, vam saMa, saM
happy, fortunate, sretan, sretna, -o cpeTaH, CpeTH&, -o

lucky
/cpehaH, CpehH&, -o
way, road, trip pot, pl. pUtevi - -

nyT, nyTesH
I wish you a nice trip.

I
elim vam sretan put.

I ~
.
~~~V BaM 'I cpeTaH nyT.
Note: Croatian uses both /cesta/ and /p~t/. /c~sta/ is lroad l while /pat/ may
be used for troadi, 'wayl, or Itripl. In the above expression only /pat/ may
be used.
156

BASIC COURSE UNIT 8
Supplement - Peoples and Places
Following is a brier list or places, illustrating some typical rorms or

place names and the words ror the inhabitants. Note that the person must be
either masculine or reminine. There is no word ror an 'American', only tan
American (male)' and tan American (remale)l. The adjective ror 'American' is
not given here and is not used in this connection.
Person (m) Person (r)
Amerika Amerik.nac , Amerikanka

(G Amerikanca)
(Sjedinjene Amerike
Drave - S.A.D.)
Jugosl~vija Ju~osloven Ju~oslovenka

IJugosIaven /Jugoslavenka
I ,
Crna Gora Crnog5rac Crnogorka
(G Crn6g6rca)
Bosna Bos.nac , Bosanka
(G Bosanca)
Hercegovina Hercegovac Herceg6vka
(G Hercegovca)
Makedonija Maked5nac ,
(G Makedonca)
Slovenija Slov~nac , Slov~nka
(G Slovenca)
Hrvatska Hrvat Hrvatica
Srbija
Evr5pa Evr5pljanin Evr5pljanka
Grkinja
Bugarska Bugarin
Madarska / Maarska Madar / Maar Madarica / Maarica
italija Italijan / Talijan Italijanka / Talijanka
Engleska Englez (G. Engl~za) Engleskinja
Francuska Francuz Francuskinja
Rusija Rus Ruskinja
N~mac Nemica
(G Nemca)
vajcarska / vicarska vajc~rac /, vicarac vajcarkinja / vicarka
(G Svajcarca / Svlcarca
.Austrija Austrij~nac , Austrijanka
(G Austrijanca)
157

Grammatical Notes
Note 8.1 Verb: Present of 'to be'
I ja sam dobro. Da" jeste.

Njegov brat je umetnik. Jesmo.
Je li ambasada daleko odavde. Ovde smo kao turisti.

stvar nije u tome. Kako ste vi?
Neke su prljave.
Jesu li dobri?
Nisu sve kafane dobre.
The verb Ito be' has three sets of forms in the present. The most fre-
quent is an enclitic set, occurring after a stressed word at the beginning of a
clause. Examples above are Isaml" ljel" Ismol" Istel" Isu/. None of these are
stressed, and they always follow some other word.
The second set has" except for /je/" longer forms. Examples above are
/je/" /jeste/, /jesu/. Note that there is an enclitic" unstressed ljef and a
stressed /je/. (See below.)
The third set of forms" also stressed, is the negative. In{jel and Infsu/
are examples. The negative occurs only stressed.
The full set of forms is:
Unstressed stressed Affirmative
sam smo jesmo

si ste
Je su
stressed Negative
nfsam nfsmo
nfsi nfste
I
nije nfsu
158

BASIC COURSE UNIT 8
Stressed /je/ is used before /li/, as /je li/ lis (it)?I. Stressed /jeste/
and /jest/ list are often used for Iyes l as well as for Ihe, she, it isl. The
Qther stressed affirmative forms are used before /li/ and as emphatic forms II
amil, Ihe is,l, etc. They are also used in answers to questions: /Jeste li vi
gospodin Jovi?/ -- /Da, jesam./. (For the use of these present forms in con-
nection with the past see Notes 17.1 and 18.1)
The unstressed forms are enclitic, that is, they are suffixed to the
previous (stressed) word. There are a number of enclitics in Serbo-Croatian
and the order in which they occur is fixed. Compare:
Da li su dobra?
Zao mi je.
/li/, /mi/, /su/, /je/ are all enclitics. That is, whenever two or more
enclitics occur next to each other, they must occur in the order here given.
The order of the enclitics which have occurred so far is:
l 2 3 4 5
li sam mi vas je
si mu nas
smo ih
ste
su
Not more than one enclitic from each slot may occur. Note that the present of
Ito bel is in slot 2, except for /je/, which occurs last. This also means that
if one of the forms from slot 2 occurs, then /je/ lisi may not occur, and vice
versa. (/nas/ and /ih/ have been added from Note 8.2.)
Note 8.2 Pronoun, Personal: Nominative and Accusative Plural
Mi putujemo kroz Evropu.
Kako ste vi?

Dozvolite da vas upoznam.
Oni su takoe(r) cisti.
Oni su braa.
Ona imaju toplu i hladnu vodu.
159

ImI/, lVII, lonil, lonel and lonal have already been introduced in con-
nection with the pronominal adjectives (see Note 4.1). Ivasl is an enclitic
accusative. The pronouns have in several cases both stressed and enclitic
forms. The stressed form of Iyou l is Iv~s/. The full set of plural personal
pronouns, nominative and accusative, is:
m (etc.) f n
, ,
N ml we vl you oni one ona
, ,
A nas us vas you njIh
or,
nas vas ih
Note that the accusative forms are close to the corresponding adjectives:
In~sl - Inai, Iv~sl - Ivai, InjIhl - Injlhov/.
Grammatical Drill
In drilling with nouns indicating persons of a given area, the appropriate

gender should always be used. For example in a sentence IJa sam I the
form used should be masculine or feminine according to the speaker. Similarly,
IOn je I must have amaseuline noun filling the blank, IOna je I
a feminine one.
GD 8.1.1 3ubstitution-Correlation drill with negative transrorm.
These drills are given in full in the affirmative.
Ja sam Amerikanac. Ja nisam Amerikanac.
on On je Amerikanac.
Jovanov prijatelj On je Jovanov prijatelj.
mi Mi smo Jovanovi prijatelji.
poslovan ovekl biznismen Mi smo poslovni ljudi. I ... biznismeni
160

BASIC COURSE UNIT 8
oni Oni su poslovni ljudi. / biznismeni

Jugosloven Oni su Jugosloveni.
vi (polite form) Vi ste Jugosloven.
moji prijatelji Moji prijatelji su Jugosloveni.
Gurist Moji prijatelji su turisti.
umetnik Moji prijatelji su umetnici.
g. Smit Gospodin Smit je umetnik.
Zora je Jugoslovenka.
one One su Jugoslovenke.
ovo Ovo su Jugoslovenke.
moje keri Ovo su moje keri.
Nada i Zora Nada i Zora su moje keri.
Jugoslovenke Nada i Zora su Jugoslovenke.
mi (f. ) Mi smo Jugoslovenke.
Amerikanke Mi smo Amerikanke.
ona Ona je Amerikanka.
turist Ona je turist.
Zora i Jovan su Jugosloveni.
na prijatelj Zora i Jovan su nai prijatelji.
ona Ona je na prijatelj.
zadovoljan Ona je zadovoljna.
g. i g-a Jovi G. i g-a Jovi su zadovoljni.
jo mlad G. i g-a Jovi su jo mladi.
one One su jo mlade.
turist One su turisti.
ve nezadovoljan One su ve nezadovoljne.
nai prijatelji Nai prijatelji su ve nezadovoljni.
161

Moj otac je dobro, hvala.
ja I J.!. sam dobro.

on 1. on je dobro.
takoe On je takoe dobro.
,
g. i g-a Jovic G. i g-a Jovi su takoe dobro.
i I g. i g-a Jovi su dobro.
mi I mi smo dobro.
GD 8.1.2 Substitution-Correlation Drill
Oni zele da vide i upoznaju Jugoslaviju.
(ja) on ona vi moji prijatelji one
(ti) moj prijatelj moja ena Toma i Jovan g-a i g-ea Jovi
Sentences for drill with the same substitutions.
Oni putuju kroz Evropu.
Oni zele da vide stare gr~ke spomenike.
Oni sutra odlaze odavde.
Oni putuju sutra u Atinu, uGreku.
GD 8.1.3 Substitution-Correlation Drill with plural transforms.
Type sentences are given first. These are to be drilled as pairs. The
sentences for drill follow.
Masculine
Ja sam Amerikanac. Mi smo Amerikanci.
Ti si Amerikanac. ~
Vi ste Amerikanci.
Vi s te Amerikanac. -'
On je Amerikanac. Oni su Amerikanci.
162

BASIC COURSE UNIT 8
Sentences for drill:
Ja sam njihov prijatelj.
Ja sam poslovan covek. /biznismen
Ja nisam mlad covek.
Ja sam dobar otac.
Ja sam takoe dobro.
Feminine
Ja sam Amerikanka. Mi smo Amerikanke.
TisiAmerikanka.}' Vi ste Amerikanke.

Vi ste Amerikanka.
Ona je Amerikanka. One su Amerikanke.
Sentence for drill:
Ja sam Jovanova majka.
GD 8.2 Questions and Answers

Use the items listed as the subject of both questions and answers.
Kako ste, ta radite? Hvala, dobro sam.

Hvala, nisam dobro.
Kuda (vi) putujete odavde? Putujem u Beograd, u Jugoslaviji.
(ti) on ona oni
Jovan / Ivan Zora one
g. Smit g-ca Smit
va suprug vaa supruga
163

Kuda putuju Toma i Jovan odavde? Oni putuju u Atinu, u Grku.
vi i vaa gospoa g. i g-ca Smit g-a i g-ca Smit
vi i va prijatelj vai prijatelji vaa majka i zena
Zora i njen otac Zora i njena majka
Da li ste vi Amerikanac? Jesam.
Nisam.
Jeste, ja sam Amerikanac.
Ne, ja nisam Amerikanac.
(ti) on vi (plural) oni
va brat vi i gospoa g. i g-a Jovi
gospoda
Da li ste vi Tomin prijatelj?
Da li ste vi Jugosloven? /Jugoslaven
Da li ste vi Francuz?
Da li ste vi zadovoljni?
Repeat this drill with /Jeste lij.
Da li ste vi Amerikanka? Jesam.
Da li ste vi Amerikanka? Nisam.
Jeste, ja sam Amerikanka.
Ne, ja nisam Amerikanka.
(ti) ona vi (plural) one
Tomina majka vi i vaa majka gospoe
gospoice
g-a i g-ca Smit
164

BASIC COURSE UNIT 8
Da li ste vi Hrvatica?
Da li ste vi Srpkinja?
Da li ste vi Slovenka?
Da li je va prijatelj ovde kao turist? Da, jeste.
Ne, nije.
Da, on je ovde kao turist.
Ne, on nije ovde kao turist.
ti on ona vi (pol.) oni
Jovan g-a Smit vi (pl.) vai prijatelji
g. Smit gospoica vi i gospoa gospoda
one
gospoe
Da li je va prijatelj dobro?
Da li je va prijatelj zadovoljan?
Da li su i vai prijatelji Amerikanci? Da, jesu.
Ne, nisu.
Jeste, i oni su Amerikanci.
Ne, oni nisu Amerikanci.
on gospodin Smit gospodin i gospoa Smit
vi (pol.) vi (plural) gospoda
Da li su i vai prijatelji zadovoljni?
Da li su i vai prijatelji Jugosloveni? /Jugoslaveni
Da li su i vai prijatelji turisti?
165

Repeat the above drills (8.2.2 1-4), using the pattern:

Jeste li vi Amerikanac? Jesam. itd.
Nisam.
Jeste, ja sam Amerikanac.
etc.
Vi ste gospodine Amerikanac, zar ne? Da, jesam.

Ije llte
Ne, nisam.
Da, ja sam Amerikanac.
on oni
,
va brat g. i g-a Jovic
Toma Zora i Toma
yi ste Jovanov prijatelj, zar ne? Ije l'te
Vi ste gospodine zadovoljni, zar ne? Ije llte
Vi ste ovde kao turist, zar ne? Ije llte
Zar ste vi gospodine Amerikanac? Da, jesam.

Da, ja sam Amerikanac.
Zar 11 gospodine niste Amerikanac? Ne, nisam.

on oni
va prijatelj vai prijatelji
Toma vi (plural)
166

BASIC COURSE UNIT 8
Zar ste vi Jovanov prijatelj?
Zar ste vi gospodine zadovoljni?
Zar ste vi ovde kao turist?
Zar ste vi gospoo, Amerikanka? Da, jesam.
Da, ja sam Amerikanka.

Zar vi gospoo niste Amerikanka? Ne, nisam.
I
Ne, ja nisam Amerikanka.
ona one
va~a majka Zora 1 njena majka
Zora vi (plural)
Zar ste vi gospoo zadovoljni?
Zar ste vi gospoo ovde kao turist?
Zar ste vi gospoo Jugoslovenka? /Jugoslavenka
Tomini prijatelji su Amerikanci. Da li su Tomini prijatelji Amerikanci?
Moj prijatelj je Amerikanac, a nje- Da li su va~ prijatelj i njegova zena

gova zena je Jugoslovenka. Amerikanci?
v-
Oni su ovde kao turisti. S~a oni rade ovde?
v-
Oni zele da vide stare spomenike. S~a oni zele da vide?
Oni odlaze odavde u Gr~ku. Gde (/Kuda) oni odlaze odavde?
Toma je poslovan ovek, a njegov Da li su Toma i njegov brat poslovni

brat je umetnik. Ibiznismen ljudi? /biznismeni
Oni sutra putuju u Gr~ku. Kad oni putuju u Gr~ku?
INe znam, kad oni putuju u Grku.
167

Oni zele da upoznaju Greku i njene Da li oni zele da upoznaju Greku?

spomenike. /Zato oni putuju uGreku?
Moj prijatelj i njegov brat su Da li su va prijatelj i njegov brat

nezadovoljni. zadovoljni?
Oni nemaju lepu sobu i kupatilo. Zato (Ito) su oni nezadovoljni?

Moj otac i majka su zadovoljni, ali Da li su vai (otac, majka i sestra)
sestra nije. zadovoljni?
Jovan pita kakve su vae sobe. ta pita Jovan?

IJovan pita da li ste zadovoljni.

GD 8.4.1
A B
Jeste li vi gospodine, Amerikanac? Da, jesam.
I va prijatelj je sigurno Jest. I o~ je Amerikanac.

Amerikanac, zar ne?
Jeste li vi ovdje kao turisti, Da, jesmo. Mi putujemo kao turisti.

gospodo?
Gdje putujete odavde? Putujemo za Split i Dubrovnik.

v
Zelimo vidjeti Dalmaciju.
Kad putujete za Dalmaciju? Putujemo sutra.
Sada zelimo vidjeti i upoznati Beograd.
Drago mi je gospodo.
~a ~ CTe BH rocnO~HHe. AuepHKaHan? /1.a, jecaM.
H Bam npHjaTe~ je cHrypHo AuepHKaHan, JeCTe. H OH je AuepHKaHan.

je J1 Te?
Aa ~ CTe BH OB~e Kao TypHCTH, rocno~o? ~,jecMO. ~ UYTyjeuo Kao TypSCTS.
llYTyjeuo y CUAHT B ~y6pOBHHK.

Jl{eJJHKO Aa BRAHMO .llaJIMana jy.
Ra~ nyTyjeTe y ~a~an2jy? nYTyjeuo cyTpa. Ca~a ze~uo Aa BRAHMO

B yno3Hauo BeorpaA.
MH~O KH je rocno~o.
168

BASIC COURSE UNIT 8
GD 8.4.2
Vai prijatelji Bob i Tom su vrlo Jesu.
simpaticni ljudi.
Oni su poslovni ljudi, zar ne? Bob jest, a Tom nije.

v / biznismeni
Sta radi Tom? On je umjetnik.
Oni putuju kao turisti, zar ne? Jest. Sada zele upoznati Dalmaciju.
Kad putuju Dalmaciju? Sutra putuju za Split.
BamH npHjaTe~H B06 H TOK cy BP~O Jecy.

CHMnaTH~HH ,J;,YlJ,H.
OHH cy nOC~OBHH ,J;,YlJ,H, 3ap He? B06 jecTe, a TOK HRje.

/ 6H3HHCMeHH
eTa palJ,R TOM? OH je yMeTHHK.
OHH nYTyjy Kao TypHCTH, je ~'Te? JeCTe. CalJ,a ~e~e Aa yn03Hajy ~a~aUHjy.
GD 8.4.3
Kakav hotel imate, gospodine? Da, i moja zena i ja smo zadovoljni.
Da li ste zadovoljni? Na hotel je dobar.
Mi imamo lepu sobu i kupaonu.
Da li su va prijatelj i njegova zena Na zalost, moj prijatelj i njegova

zadovoljni? Kakvu sobu i ~upaonu zena nisu zadovoljni.
/ kupaonicu
oni imajU?
U cemu je stvar? Zato nisu Njihova soba je mala i nije cista.
zadovoljni? Postelje takoer nisu udobne.
Je li njihova ku paona u redu? Jest, ali je mala i prljava.

7 kupaonica
I soba i kupaona su male i prlijave.
v
Zao mi je. I meni je zao.
169

KaKaS XOTe~ HMSTe, rocnO~HHe? ~a, H Koja *eH8 B ja CMO 3aAOBO~HH.
~a ~H CTe 3aAOBO~HH? Ham XOTe~ je ~oap.
MH RKaMO ~eny coy H KynaTH~O.
~a ~ cy Bam npHjaTe~ s HerOBa BeBa Ha Z8AOCT, MOj npHjaTe~ R Herosa zeHa

3aAoBO~H? KaRay co6y H KynaTB~o HBCy aSAosc..HB.
OHH HMajy':'
y ~eMY je CTsap? 3amTO HHCy HHxosa co6a je Ka~ H Haje ~HcTa.

3aAosO~HH?
KpeseTH TSKo~e HHCy YAo6HH.
~a ~ je HMXOSO KynaTH~o HcnpaSHO? JeCTe, aAH je Ka~o H np.ll&BO.
H c06a H KynsTHAo cy MS~ H np.ll&BH.
){{ao MH je. if MeHH je zao.
l. Make questions for which the following sentences are appropriate

answers. The questions are to be made both with Ili/ and Ida lij for each
sentence.
l. Moj prijatelj i njegova zena su Amerikanci.
2. Moja zena i ja smo vrlo zadovoljni.
3. Ovde sam kao turist.
4. Moja zena je dobra majka.
5. Moj prijatelj je umetnik.
6. Toma i Jovan su poslovni ljudi.
7. To su moji prijatelji Tom i Bob.
8. G. i g-da Jovi su Jugosloveni.
2. Make another set of questions for the above sentences, using Izar nel.
Make short affirmative answers to 1-4. Make long affirmative answers for 5-8.
170

BASIC COURSE UNIT 9
Unit 9
Looking for Someone Traenje nekoga
house, home
at home doma
J-
Is Tom at home, malam? Da li je Toma doma
#
gospoo? I"ocno~o?
I '
lIm afraid (Iunfortunatelyl) Na alost nije. ~ )EaJIOCT' HJ!ije.
he isn1t. A
to disturb uznemirIvati, Y3He)lHp~B~T!!,

uznemiruj ~ .1 y3HeMHpaBa:u
, .
or, sm~tati, sm~tm ClleTQTH, CMeTQIl
Lo I
Excuse me for disturbing Izvinite to vam
you, but do you know
where he is? ~ - # I .. .L I .. #
smetam, (ali) da aJIH, ~a JIM 3HaTe I"~e je?
!. I
li znate gdje je?
urgent hitan, hitna, -o XHTaH, XHTHa, -o
urgently hitno XHTHO
I '
I need him urgently. Treba mi hitno.
time point, period d~ba (n. pl. indecl.) ~~6a

of time
171

~ Il-
He1s usually at home at U ovo doba on je
this time.
obi~no doma. KOA Kyile.
simple, vulgar prost, -a, -o npOCT. -a. -o

OI
simply prosto npOCTo
to be able moi, mgu KohR, KO:ry
he, she, it can moze Moze
- I
I simply donlt know where Prosto ne znam gdje
he can be.
I
moze biti. MOEe 6HTH.
..
by chance, casually, slu~ajno
accidentally
Is he by any chance in Da nije slu~ajno u

the restaurant?
~
- #
restoranu? IDa nije pecTOp~HY?
, , # #
or, u restoranu? I~a HHje y peCTopaHY?
to think misliti, mislIm IlHCJIHTK. IlHCJIHIl
already, but (con- vec Beh

trastive) [in eastern
Yugoslavia]
,
than, but (contrastive) nego He:ro
I donft think hefs in the Mislim da nije u

restaurant but in the
coffee shop. ~ I I
res~oranu, nego u Beh Y K&<Pa HH
kavani.
172

BASIC COURSE UNIT 9

/MHCfHM
~a Haje y peCTopaHY~
Hero y Ka~HH.
to look pogledati, da
,
nor~e~aTH, ~a
-
nOI"~e~aM
pogledam
lookS pogledajte nOI"JIe~ajTe
first pf.Vi, -a, -5 npBH, -a, -o
,
first, at first prvo npBO
,
(clause initial par- pa na
ticle, continuative),
and
and then pa onda na OH~a
Look in the coffee shop Pogledajte prvo u

first, and then in the
restaurant.
kavanu, pa onda u na
OH~a y pecTopaHy.
restoran.
,
dolaziti, dolazi ,l],O~3HTH, ~0~3H
to be coming, to come
..,
home (direction towards) doma KyhH
L I I
J. I
When does he come home? Kad on dolazi doma? Ra~ OH ~0~3H KyhH?
around, about oko OKO
seven sedam
About seven. Oko sedam.

OKO ce~aM.
Where are you now? Gdje ste vi sada?
173

consulate konzulat KOHayJl8.T
office ;1red KaHue JI8. PH ja

J. ~ I ,
J
lIm in the consulate, in Ja sam u konzulatu, Ja caK y KOB3Y~TY, Y
[my] office.
~
u uredu. KaHueJl8pHju.
to say
to come d6i, da d~~m
J. ~ I
What should I tell Tom to da ka~em Tomi,
when he comes?
kad
~
doe?
-
message poruka nopyKa
Do you have any message? Da li imate neku .

~a ~
J.'
HMaTe
I
H8KY nopyKy?
poruku?
to say, tell rei, da recem pehH, .na pe'leM
tell himl recite mu pe~Te My
to report j~viti se, da se
Ja-v!
counsellor, advisor s~vjetnlk, - -

C&SeTHHK, -
C&BeTHHUH -
..t'
savjetnIci
174

BASIC COURSE UNIT 9
as soon as ~lm
Will you please tell him Molim vas, recite mu MOJIKU

Bac~ pellHT8 11.1 Aa ce
to phone me ('report to
meI) or counsellor Smith L l L J J
J
jasH II.;KH HJIH C&SeTkHKy
~D Doon ae he comes. ~im doe, da se javi
I l
,
meni ili savjetniku CM;TY! ~HM
,llo~e.
Srni tu.
to f'inish svr.iti, da
svr.!m
this evening ve~eraB Be~epac
,
work, job posao m. Gsg.
posla, pl.
poslovi
We have urgent work to

finish this evening.
l '
jedan hitan posao. jeA&H XHT&H noc&o.
Very well. Good-by, sir. Vrlo dobro. Do

BpJIO ,llopo. AO SH~eHaJ
.!. I l
vienja, gospodine. I"'OCnOAHHe.
.!. I ,
Good-by, ma ram. Do vienja, gospoo. ~o BH~eHaJ rocno~o.
Note: Ikad d5~/ is /kad5~/. When two identical consonants come next to each
other, one drops. This is not shown by the spelling when the two consonants
are spelled with a space between them.
175

Grammatical Notes
Note 9.1 Noun: Dative Case

Note 9.1.1 Dative Case Form
Mislim da nije u restoranu ve u kafani.
Ja sam u konzulatu, u kancelariji.
Hvala na pitanju, dobro sam.
ta da kazem Tomi, kad doe?
Recite mu da se javi meni ili savetniku Smitu, eim doe.
The above sentences show typical nouns in the dative case, masculine,
neuter and feminine a-nouns.
Masculine and neuter nouns have the ending /-u/ in the dative singular:
m. /restor~nu/, /konzul~tu/, /s~vetnIku/, n. /pft~nju/. The plural ending for
these nouns is l-imal: /restor~nima/, /konzul~tima/, /s~vetnIcima/, /pItanjima/.
Feminine a-nouns have /-i/ in the singular (/kancelariji/), /-ama/ in the

plural (/kancelarijama/). /kui/ I(to) home 1 is a special use of the dative.
Feminine i-nouns have /-i/ in the singular, l-imal in the plural:, /noi/,
/noima/. (Grammarians distinguish D /noi/ L /ni/.)
The dative plural /s~vetnIcima/ shows a change of /k/ to /c/ before /i/.
This is a regular change (there being few exceptions) before the dative singular
ending /-i/ (f., a-nouns), the dat ive plural ending /-ima/ (m. and n.), the
masculine nominative plural /-i/ (Note 7.1), the imperative /-i(te)/ (/recite/,
for example) and some less common forms. Further examples will occur in later
units.
Untill recently a distinction between dative and locative was made. The
dative was used as indirect object and after a few prepositions, particularly
Iki. The locative was used after certain other prepositions, including /u/ and
/na/. These two cases are here considered as one and called tdative t With
some speakers there is still a distinction between the dative and locative cases
of certain words, the difference in the noun being one of stress. /gr~d/ Icity'
is one of these words. Such speakers say /gr~du/ for the dative and /gr~du/ for
176

BASIC COURSE ~T9
the locative. There are no differences of ~~un or adjective endings for thr two
cases in the standard language.
Note 9.1.2 Use of Dative
Two uses of the dative case are illustrated above: after prepositions
(/ul 'in l , Inal Ion, at' [here 'on the occasion of l , Iforl]) and indirect object
(ITomil Ito Tomi, Imul Ito himl, Imenil Ito meI, Isavetnikul Ito the counsellor 1 ,
ISmitul 'to Smith'). Only the noun forms will be discussed at this time. See
Notes 10.1-4 for pronoun and adjective forms, as well as further notes on usage.
Both the dative and the accusative cases may occur after the prepositions
lul and Inal. The basic distinction here (and with certain other prepositions)
is that the accusative indicates the goal or direction towards, while the dative
indicates place where. One says, therefore, lidem u kafanul frlm going to
(that is, into) the coffee shop' but Ija sam u kafanil 'I am in the coffee shop1.
The fundamental difference of meaning between lul and Inal is that lul indicates
'into' with the accusative and 'inside of l with the dative, while Inal indicates
lontal with the accusative and Ion' with the dative. Compare lu kuul 'into the
house l lu kuil lin(side) the house', Ina trgl I(on)to the square l , Ina trgul
Ion the square l (Cf Note 6.1.2) This basic difference has been somewhat
obscured, primarily through the change of meaning of some of the nouns involved.
It is therefore necessary to learn which of these two prepositions is used with
certain words. For example, Inal is normally used with Istanical: Ina stanicul
Ito the stationI, Ina stanicil tat the station'. The basic meaning of Istanical
is the place where the stopping and standing is done. It also means t(bus) stopI
so that Inal as Ion' is appropriate from an overall point of view. The usage
of Inal cannot always be so easily rationalized. Compare Ina universit~tul lat
the universityf.
An interesting instance of the difference of meaning is found in the two

versions of the same basic sentence:
Pogledajte prvo u kavanu, Pogledajte prvo u kafani,

pa onda u restoran. pa onda u restoranu.
The sentence to the left uses the accusative, as the speaker has in mind the
goal or direction. The speaker saying that on the right has in mind the place
where the looking is to be done. Another usage to be noted, though not used by
all speakers, is Inal in Ina kafil in the sense rat coffeer, thaving coffeer:
177

/On je na kafi/ tHets [out] having a cup of coffee' (or the like).
Note 9.2 Verb: Use of Negative
Mislim da nije u restoranu.
Serbo-Croatian negates what is thought, not the thinking, in constructions

such as the above. English negates the Ithink l . Compare:
Mislim da je u restoranu. I think hels in the restaurant.

Mislim da nije u restoranu. I don't think hels in the restaurant.
Grammar Drill - Gramaticka vezba
GD 9.1 Substitution-Learning Drill - Vezba za ucenje sa zamenom

GD 9.1.1 The place of location of persons and/or things - Mesto gde se lica
ili stvari nalaze
Toma je u restoranu. hotelu Beogradu
Toma nije u restoranu ve u hotelu. parku Zagrebu
bioskopu Splitu
konzulatu Dubrovniku
pozoritu Sarajevu
kupatilu Skoplju
Moj prijatelj je u sobi. kafani Ljubljani
Moj prijatelj nije u sobi nego ambasadi Dalmaciji

u kafani. kancelariji Srbiji
Americi
Jugoslaviji
/kod kue/ and /doma/ may also be substituted for /u sObi/.
Make the substitutions indicated and give negative transforms.
Moji prijatelji su na trgu. putu (trip) stanici kafi
pivu ulici
178

BASIC COURSE UNIT 9
Toma sedi na krevetu. stolici
Stolica je u sobi. kancelariji hotelu
kui kupatilu
U sobi je sve cisto i u redu. ambasadi
kui
kafani
kancelariji
U sobama je lepo, ali nije udobno. ambasadama kuama
kafanama kancelarijama
U hotelu je sve cisto, ali nije parku

lepo.
restoranu
bioskopu
konzulatu
pozoritu
U hotelima se cistoa dobro parkovima restoranima

odrzava.
bioskopima konzulatima
pozoritima kupati lima
Na stanici je prilino prljavo. ulici trgu
stanicama ulicama
trgovima
Pair drill.
l l 2
Vidite prvo u restoranu, pa onda konzulatu ambasadi
2
parku kancelariji
u kafani.
restoranu sobi
179

GD 9.1.2 Indirect Object
Make the substitutions indicated.
Ne zelimo da smetamo Jovanu. / .. Ivanu
Dajte Jovanu kafu. Tomi
Recite Jovanu da doe u ambasadu. gospodinu Joviu
Kaite Jovanu da se javi savetniku Smitu, eim doe. gospoi Jovi
Javite Jovanu da doe u ambasadu. gospoici Jovi
Jovan treba da se javi savetniku Smitu, eim doe.
Make all number l substitutions with the original sentence, then with each
number 2 substitution.
l 2
Savetniku Smitu treba hitno Jovan.
l 2
gospodinu Joviu Tomi soba gospoa Smit
gospoi Zori
gospoi Jovi gospoici Jovi
GD 9.2 Substitution-Transformation Drill - VeZbanje sa zamenenama i izmenama

The place of location of persons and/or things - Mesto gde se lica ili
stvari nalaze
Make the substitutions indicated with necessary changes of form.
Toma je u restoranu. /Tomo bioskop Zagreb

,
Toma nije u restoranu vec u hotelu. kafana Ljubljana
pozorite Beograd
Substitute /bioskop/ for
/restoran/, /kafana/ for soba Skoplje
/hotel/, then /kafana/ for kancelarija Srbija

/restoran/, /pozorite/
konzulat Makedonija
for /hotel/, etc.
ambasada Dalmacija
18e

BASIC COURSE UNIT 9
Make the substitutions indicated with negative transforms.
Moji prijatelji su na trgu. stanica kafa /kava
put (trip) pivo
Toma sedi na krevetu. stolica
ulica
Tomina stolica je u sobi. hotel kupatilo
kancelarija ured
kua kupaona /kupaonica
U sobi je sve eisto i u redu. ambasada hotel
U sobama je sve eisto i u redu. kua konzulat
kafana pozorite
ambasada kazalite
GD 9.2.1 Indirect Object
Make the substitutions indicated with necessary transforms.
Dajte Tomi kafu. gospodin Jovi
Donesite Tomi kafu. gospoa Jovi
Recite Tomi da doe u ambasadu. gospoica Jovi
Kaite Tomi da se javi savetniku Smitu, eim doe. Jovan
Javite Tomi da doe u konzulat. Zora
Toma treba da se javi savetniku Smitu eim doe.

GD 9.3.1.1 Adaptation Drill - Veba sa zamenama i izmenama
Make the substitutions indicated as well as other necessary changes.
Gde su Jovan i Toma? U restoranu.

IIvan i Tomo
181

Oni su u restoranu.
hotel park bioskop konzulat
Beograd Zagreb Split stanica
kafana soba kolodvor ured
Gde je g-ca Smit? U restoranu.

Ona je u restoranu.
Kako se odrzava cistoa u restoranu? Vrlo dobro. U restoranu je sve lepo
i cisto.
Ne odrzave se dobro.
pozorite kupatilo Sarajevo Skoplje
kafana ambasada kancelarija Ljubljana
Dalmacija Srbija Amerika Jugoslavija
Gde su vai prijatelji? Na putu.
Oni su na putu.
stanica kafa pivo
Gde pijete cee kafu, kod kue Kod kue.

ili u restoranu? Pijem cee kafu kod kue nego u
restoranu.
U restoranu pijem kafu retko.
kafana kancelarija konzulat ambasada

Da li je va suprug u restoranu, Da, jeste.
gospoo?
Ne, nije.
Da, on je u restoranu.
Ne, on nije u restoranu, ve u kafani.
182

BASIC COURSE UNIT 9
Da li Toma i Jovan rade u restoranu, Da .. rade.

gospodine?
Ne .. ne rade.
Da .. oni rade u restoranu.

,
Ne, oni ne rade u restoranu, vec
u kafani.
kafana hotel ambasada konzulat
kancelarija Beograd Subotica Kragujevac
Ljubljana Skoplje
Pritina Celje
Da li je u sobi sve cista i u redu? Da, jeste.
Ne .. nije.
Da .. u ~ je sve cista i u redu.
Ne .. u ~ nije sve cisto i u redu.
Da li je u sobama sve cisto i u redu? Da, jeste.
Ne, nije.
Da, u sobama je Bve cista i u redu.
Ne .. ti sobama nije sve cista i u redu.
hotel kafana restoran kupatilo
Repeat th~ above drills .. using the pattern:

Je li va suprug u restoranu, gospoo? Jeste.
Nije.
Jeste, on je u restoranu.
Ne, on nije u restoranu, ve u kafani.
183

Moj otac je u Dalmaciji. Gde je va otac?
Moj otac nije kod kue. On je u Da li je va otac kod kue?

Dalmaciji. IZar va otac nije kod kue?
Moj (IMoji) otac i majka su u Splitu. Gde su vai (/va) otac i majka?
Toma i Jovan provode vec eri u kafani. Gde Toma i Jovan provode veceri?
Oni sede u kafani svako vece. Zar oni sede svako vece u kafani?
Toma i Jovan su u sobi, neto razgo- Gde su Toma i Jovan?

varaju. IDa li su Toma i Jovan u sobi?
Toma nije kod kue. Da li je Toma kod kue?
Ne znam gde je Toma. Da li znate gde je Toma?
Treba mi Toma. Ko vam treba? IDa li vam treba Toma?

Trebaju mi Toma i Jovan. Ko vam treba? IDa li vam trebaju Toma
i Jovan?
Savetniku Smitu trebaju Toma i Jovan. Kome trebaju Toma i Jovan?
Mislim da Toma nije u restoranu, Da nije Toma (slucajno) u restoranu?

ve u kafani. IDa li je Toma u restoranu?
Pogledajte prvo u kafani, pa onda Gde je Toma? Da nije u restoranu?
u restoranu.
u ovo doba Toma moze biti kod kue. Gde Toma moze biti u ovo doba?
Ne znam gde Toma moze biti u ovo

doba.
u ovo doba Toma je obicno u kafani, Zar Toma nije kod kue u ovo doba?
a ne kod kue.
Imam jednu poruku za Tomu. Da li imate neku poruku za Tomu?
Recite Tomi da se javi savetniku Kakvu poruku imate za Tomu?

Smitu cim doe. Ita da kazem Tomi kad doe?
Veceras treba da svrimo jedan Da li imate neto da radite veceras?

hitan posao.
U Beogradu je lepo vreme. Ne Kakvo je vreme u Beogradu? Da li
pada kia. pada kia?
184

BASIC COURSE UNIT 9

GD 9.4.1
A B
Gdje je va prijatelj Toma? On je u kinu.
Da li vi idete cesto II kino. Ne, ja idem cee II kazalite nego II
kino.
Kakva su kina i kazalita u Beogradu? Nisu loa.
Kako ljudi provode vrijeme ovdje? Obicno kod kue ili u kinu, kazalitu,
parkovima ili kavani.
OVdje ljudi idu cesto u kavane, Idu cesto. To je istina, ali ne

zar ne? samo u kavane.
Idu takoer u kazalita i kina.

v
Sta rade u kavanama. Obieno sjede, neto piju, Jedu i
razgovaraju.
r~e je Bam npHjaTe~ Toua? OH je y 6HocKony.
~a AM BH H~eTe ~eCTo y 6HOCKon? He, ja HAeK ~emhe y n030pHillTe Hero y

6HOCKon.
KaKBH cy 6HOCKonH H n030pHmTa y

Beo~pa~y?
KaKO ~Y~H npOBo~e BpeMe OB~e? 06H~HO KO~ KYhe, H~ y 6HocKony,

n030pHmTy, napKOBHMa H~H Ka~HH.
OB~e ~Y~H H~y ~eCTo y Ka~He, 3ap He? HAY ~eCTO. To je HCTHHa, a~ He caMO
y Ka<I>aHe.
HAY TaKo~e y n030pHlliTa H 6HOCKone.
06H~HO ce~e, HemTO nHjy, je~y H

pa3~oBapajy.
185

GD 9.4.2
Da li je g. Jovi doma? Ne, nije.
Da li znate gdje je? On je u ovo doba obieno u kavani.
Vidite u kavani.
Izvinite to vam smetam, gospoo. Ne, ne, vi me ne smetate. To nije nita.

Kad g. Jovi dolazi doma? On dolazi doma kui oko sedam.
Zelite li da mu neto kaem kad doe
doma.
Prosim vas, recite mu da mi se javi Prosim, gospodine.
eim doe.
Do vienja, godpoo. Do vienja, gospodine.
~a AH je r. JosHh KOA Kyhe? He, HHje.
~a ~ 3HaTe rAe je? OH je y OBO A06a 06H'qHO y Ka~aHH.
BH,lJ,HTe Y KacllaHH.
H3EHHHTe mTO Bac y3HewHpaS&M, rocno~o. He, He, BH Me He y3HeMHpaBaTe. To uHje

HHmTa.
OH ,lJ,0~a3H KyhH OKO ceAaM.

~~Te Aa My HemTO KazeM KaA Ao~e KyhH.
MO~HM Bac, peUUTe My Aa MH ce jaBH MOAHM rocnoAHHe.

'qHM Ao~e.
aO BH~eBa, rocno~o. ~O BH~eHa, rocnoAHHe.
186

BASIC COURSE UNIT 9
GD 9.4.3
Da li su vai prijatelji jo na putu? Da, jesu.
Gdje su oni sada? Sada su u Dubrovniku, u Dalmaciji.
Putujete li vi cesto. Da, putujem.
Vi putujete cesto u Zagreb, zar ne? Ne samo u Zagreb. Ja putujem takoer
mnogo.
Zato putujete tako mnogo? Prvo, ja volim putovati.
A drugo, zelim upoznati Jugoslaviju.
Kakvi su putevi u Jugoslaviji? Neki putevi su jako dobri, ali ne svi.
Kakvi su putevi u Bosni i Makedoniji? Neki su dobri, a neki nisu.
na ~ cy BamH npHjaTe~H jom aa nYTY? Aa, jecy.
r~e cy OHH ca~a? Ca~a cy y ny6poBHHKy, y ~a~aQHjH.
UYTyjeTe AH BH ~ecTO? ~a, nYTyjell.
BH nYTyjeTe ~eCTO y 3a~pe6, je AlTe? He caKO y 3a~pe6. Ja nYTyjeK TaKo~e
MHO~O.
3amTO nYTyjeTe TaKO KHO~O? npBO, ja BO~1l ~a nYTyjell.
KaKBK cy nyTesH y JY~OC~BHjH? HeKH nyTeBH cy SP~O ~06PH, a~H He ~BH.
KaKBH cy nyTeBH y BOCHH H MaKe~oHHjH? HeKH cy ~06PH a HeKK HHCy.
187

l. Write out each of these sentences changing underlined sUbjects, and objects
of prepositions, to plural.
Moj prijatelj sedi u kafani i pije kafu. (Gde )
Ja provodim vreme u kafani, bioskopu i pozoritu. (Gde )
Krevet u sobi je lep i udoban. (Kakav )
Soba u hotelu je lepa, iako je jeftina. (Gde )
On voli da ide u kafanu i pozorite. (Da li )
Na trgu i ~ sve je lepo i cisto. ( . li )
On sedi na krevetu, a ne na stolici. ( . li )
Stolica i krevet su u sobi. (Gde )
2. Make questions to which the above sentences are appropriate answers. The
question words are given in parentheses. Make short affirmative answers to each
question.
188

BASIC COURSE UNIT 10
UNIT 10
Where do you Live Gde stanujete rp-e cTaHyjeTe
American ameriekI, -a, -o aMepH~KH, -a, -o
l I " l
Your hus band works in the Va suprug, gospoo, Bam uyz, rocno~o, paAH Y
American Embassy, doesn't
he, ma'am? L
radi u Americkoj
L I
ambasadi, zar ne?
,I
Yes, thatis right. Da, tako je. .n.;,# TaKO je.
to be living, dwelling stanovati,
stanujem
city, town gr~d~ pl. gradovi

- rpaAoBH
rpaA,
suburbs npe.nrpa~e
outskirts periferija nepn:p~p:Hja
Do you live in the city Da li stanujete u

or the suburbs?
L l. I
gradu ili u predgrau? nJili Ha nepHe:pepHju rpa,n;a.
B
I
We have a nice house in Imamo lijepu kuu u
the suburbs.

nepHe:pepHjH rpa~a.
predgrau.
189

, ,
difficult, heavy, hard t~~akJ t~kaJ -o T~_K, T~mxa, -o
...
with difficulty t~ko T~mxo
to live ~fvjetiJ ~!vrm ~BeTH, Z~BmI
~ .L I I ,
It1s hard to live in the Teko Je ~ivJetl u "
Temxo
.1.
je ZRBeTR Y rp'il,l(Y.
city.
gradu.
which JCOjH, -a, -e
in which u kOm Y KOV:

or, u kOJE!m
,
end, part, region dio J G dijela Kp&j, Kpaja,
,
pl. dijelovi
KpajesH
~ I J. ,
Where do you live? U kom dijelu vi cTaHyJeTe?
Y KOM xpajy
stanujete?
Topchider Hill
- I ' ,
We live on Topchider Hill. Stanujemo na Top~ider- CTaHyjevo Ha Ton~HAepCKoM
skom brdu. 6p,l(Y.
On which street? "

U kojoj ..
" ulici?
190

l
Shakespeare Street ekspirova ulica
conuna z~rez 3ape3
number brbjJ pl. brojevi 6poj, 6pojesH
four etiri
J.
On Shakespeare Street, Y llieKcnaposoj, 6poj 4.
number 4.
to yours vaima, vaim ~mHlla, samHIl
,
to please dopadati se, ~onaAarR ce,
,
dopada: se Aonalla ce
or, svfati se, cBH~aTH ce,
sV!a: se cBii~a ce
I
Ila KaKO ce B;lla l H B;mHMa l
I
Well, how do you and your ( Pa) kako se vama i
family like Belgrade,
madam? I I , #
vaima dopada Beograd, ,zr,onaAa BeorpaA, rocno~o?
gospoo?
to my mam MOM
or, mj~m )lO jali
.L ~ I I J. J.
Both my husband and I (1) mom muzu i meni H MOM IlYEY H Il:HH 1 Beorpa,zr,
like Belgrade very much.
~
Beograd se jako
ce liH 01" o ,zr,onaAa.
dopada.
191

to my mojIm 1l0jRIl
parent roditelj, pl.
roditelji
more vie BRme
My parents like Zagreb

better than Belgrade.
Mojim roditeljima se "
MojRU pO~BTe~HMa ce BHme.
.!. L I
vie svia Zagreb
nego Beograd. Beorpa~.
constant, permanent st~lan, st~lna, -o, cTa~H,

-
cTa~Ha, -o;
st~lnI, -a, -o CTaJIHH, -

-a, -
-o
constantly, perma- "

stalno CTaJIHO
nently
I I
Where do your parents Gdje stalno ive vai

live?
roditelji?
New York ~jOPK
.!. J.
They live in America, in Oni ive u Americi, ti OHH ERBe y AMepHUH, y
New York.
Njujorku. ~jOPKY.
f.'amily obItelj (Cr.)
Kragujevac Kragujevac Kparyjeaau
192

Our friend Mr. Popovi and Na prijatelj gospodin npHjaTe~

Ham
rocnO~HH
his family live in
Kragujevac, Serbia. I
Popovi i njegova
~ l!.
obitelj zive u
Kragujevcu, u Srbiji.
In the Living Room U sobi za 10ravak danju

Y C06H 3a ce~eHe
that, the (afore- t~j, t~, t5 Taj, Ta, TO

mentioned)
# 1.1.
Anna, give that [cup of] Ana, molim dajte tu
coffee to my mother.
I I
kavu mojoj majci.
cup 51ja mO.ba
for whom 3a KOf'a

, -
1.
There is also a [cup of] Ima i jedna olja aja, MMa H je~aH qaj, rocnO~~He.
tea, sir. Who is it for?
#
gospodine. Za koga je? 3a Kora je?
sister sestra ceCTpa

,
My sister drinks tea. Moja sestra pije caj. ceCTpa oBje
Moja qaj.
to her nj5j, joj H:.Oj, joj
l
Give her the tea. Njoj dajte caj. HOJ ,lI;ajTe qaj.
I ~
I
to my friends, for mojim prijateljima MOjHM npHjaTe~HMa
my friends
,
(distributive particle), po no
per, [to] each
193

Bring a glass'of wine for Mojim prijateljima i

each of my friends and
myself. I
meni donesite po ~OHeCHTe no je~Ho BRBO.
.L
jedno vino.
Yes, sir. Molim, gospodine. MO~K, ~ocnO~HHe.
Grammatical Notes
Note 10.1 Adjective: Dative Case
Va muz radi u Amerikoj ambasadi, Pa kako se vama i vaima dopada

jelI te? Beograd?
U kom kraju vi stanujete? I mom muzu i meni Beograd se mnogo

dopada.
Stanujemo na Topiderskom brdu. Mojim roditeljima se vie dopada

Zagreb nego Beograd.
U kojoj ulici? Dajte tu kafu mojoj majci.
U ekspirovoj, broj 4.
The above sentences illustrate some dative forms of adjectives, including

pronominal adjectives.
Masculine and neuter adjectives have the ending l-oml (or I-em/) in the
singular, I-iml in the plural. There are also longer variants I-omel - I-eme/,
I-irna/. The last is in common use with certain pronominal adjectives. The
vowel of each ending is long if the adjective has primary stress. Examples:
ITopiderskoml (m. sg.), Ivaimal, Imoj!ml (m. pl.). Ik~m/ and Im5m/ are mascu-
line singular dative forms but are short forms, there being also the rather
archaic Ikoj~m/ and ImoJ~m/.
Feminine adjectives have the ending I-oJI in the singular, I-iml in the
plural (the vowel long when the adjective has primary stress). Only I-oJI has
occurred: IAmerik6j/, Ikoj6j/, for example.
Note the use of the adjective without the noun in lu ekspirovoj, broj 4/.
194

Note 10.2 Pronoun: Dative Case
Dajte mu kafu molim. Recite mu da se javi meni ili savetniku

Smitu, eim doe.
Donesite mi drugu, vruu kafu.
Milo mi je gospodo. Pa kako se vama i vaima dopada

v
Beograd, gospoo?
Zelim vam sretan put.
I mom muzu i meni Beograd se mnogo
Treba mi hitno.
dopada.
Njoj dajte aj.
Mojim prijateljima i meni donesite

po jedno vino.
There are both long (stressed) and short (unstressed, enclitic) forms of
the personal pronouns in the dative case (and also for the accusative, which is
added here for comparison, see Note 12.2) . Compare:
, , ,
N j~ tl on, ono ona
, ,
A mene me tebe te njega ga nJU je (ju)
,
D meni mi tebi ti njemu mu nj5j joj
, , ,
N ml vl oni, ona, one
, ,
A nas nas vas vas njIh ih
, ,
D nama nam vama vam njima im
The longer forms are used where there is emphasis or contrast. In /i m5m mau
i meni/ Ito both my husband and myself l the stressed /meni/ must be used to
parallel the stressed noun phrase /m6m mau/.
Other examples are similar. Note, for example, /meni ili s~vetniku smltu/,
Ivama i vaima/, /mOjim prijatelijima i menije In one instance the stressed
pronoun is put first in the sentence - /nj5j/ I(give) her (tea)". The un-
stressed forms are much more frequently used, though never first in a sentence.
These examples illustrate further the use of the dative without any prepo-
sition. The general meaning is one of reference, indicating the person concerned
or in whose interest something is done, but who is not himself taking part in
195

the action, if any, described by the sentence. While many datives without
prepositions are equivalent to English 'indirect objects' ('give him coffeel,
Igive her tea t , etc.), it is better to take a broader view of the basic meaning
of the dative, since many other examples can in no way be 'indirect objects'.
Compare the following:
Indirect object: dajte mu
donesite mi
recite mu
njoj dajte caj
zelim vam sretan put
Impersonal type construction: milo mi je (neuter plus lisi)
drago mi je
With /treba/ treba mi hitno
With verbs using Ise/ da se javi meni
kako se vama i va~ima dopada /svia
The verb s /j~vI sei 'is informingi, /dopad~ sei tis pleasing l are examples of the
use of the reflexive pronoun /se/ (short, unstressed, enclitic with a verb).
Such combinations are known as Ireflexive verbs'. The dative is frequently used
with reflexive verbs. /j~vI sei is parallel to /recitel in usage, that is, the
dative may be considered as 'indirect object' as it may be further stated what
the person is to be informed of. On the other hand, a phrase such as /Beograd
mi se dopada/ II like Belgrade l might be translated more literally 'Belgrade, so
far as my personal interest is concerned, is pleaslng l .
The dative is also used with /treb~/. In the above instance it is llterally
fhe is needed with reference to my welfare urgentlyl. /treb mil is frequently
translatable II need'.
The pronoun /ko/ 'who has datlve /kome/; /t5/ 'thatI has /tome/. /ta/
'
(/to/) Iwhat' has /cemu/ as in /u cemu je stv~r?l. See below for the adjectives
IkojII and /t~j/.
196

Note 10.3 Pronominal Adjectives: Dative Case
The pronominal adjectives were included in the discussion found in Note 10.1.
See also Note 4.2. The present note summarizes these pronomlnal adjectlve forms.
(The masculine animate accusative forms are not considered here, as they are not
fully discussed until Note 12.1.)
'my' 'your' (sg. ) Ihis, its' 'her'

,
N m5j tv6j njegov nj~n
A m5j tV5j njegov nj~n

,
D m5m (mojem) tV5m (tvoj~m) njegovom nj~nom
lour l Iyour l Itheir l
N n~ va njihov
A na va njihov
D naem vaem njihovom
The examples listed above in Note 10.1 give two other pronominal adjectives:
/t~j/, 'that, the aforementioned' and /koji/ 'which'.
/t~j/ has an ending l-aji in the masculine singular nominative (and inanimate
accusatlve). Compare:
m. n. f.
N t~J t5 t~
A t~j (inan.) t5 tu
D t5m tam t5j
N koji koje koja
A koj i (inan.) koje koju
D k5m (kojem) k6m (kojem) koj6j
Note 10.4 Pronoun and Pronominal Adjective: Parallel use
Inace, soba mu Je lepa i udobna.
/soba mul here is translated by 'his room l . Another phrase so translatable is

/ngegova soba/. The first uses the dative of the short pronoun, the meaning
197

being the same as in the examples in Note 10.2. above, that of reference to a
given person, indicating his personal involvement, etc. This is a very frequent
(and colloquial) pattern corresponding to the English use of a possessive
adjective (Imy', Ihis l , etc.). The pronominal adjectives /maj/, /njegov/ are
either more emphatic or more general.
It should also be noted that the words lotac/ and Imaj kal are normally
used alone when the reference is to 'my ratheri and Smy mother', as in the
English sentence 'Father has gone ror the day'.
Note 10.5 Question Expressions Ije lSte/, Izar nel

Va~ mu~, gospoo, radi u amerikoj ambasadi, je ISte
Va~ mu~, gospoo, radi u ameri~koj ambasadi, zar ne?
Ije lStel
or Izar nel is added to form a question anticipating an affirmative
reply. The corresponding English adds 'a substitute verb in a question type of
construction: 'he works, doesnSt he?', 'he's there, isnSt he?', 'he went, didnSt
he?'. Serbo-Croatian uses Ije lltel or Izar nel for all such constructions.
In such a construction the sentence is the same as the simple statement,
but is followed by Ije lStel or Izar nel. Other examples:
Tomina soba je velika 1 lepa, je llte? (/zar ne)
On ~eli da pije kafu, je l'te1 (/zar ne)
Oni piju jaku, ali gorku kafu, je l'te? (/zar ne)
Ije l'tel and Izar nel correspond to 'isn1t it') 'doesntt het, 'don't they' in
these sentences.
Grammar Drill - Gramati~ka ve~ba

GD 10.1 Dative of nouns accompanied by adJective (singular and plural) -
Dativ/Lokativ imenica sa pridevima u jednini i mno~ini
GD 10.1.1 SUbstltutlon-Learnlng Drill - Vezba za uenje sa zamenom
Slngular
Make the substitutions indicated and give the negative transrorm.
Toma je u svom restoranu.
Toma nije u svom restoranu.
198

mom hotelu / mojem hotelu naem parku

svom bioskopu ~erickom konzulatu
naem pozoritu vaem uredu
Moj prijatelj je u svojoj sobi.
Tominoj sobi Nemakoj ambasadi
Jovanovoj kancelariji svojoj kafani
Stanjemo na Topciderskom brdu.
Malom Kalemegdanu (Mali Kalemegdan) Cvetnom trgu (Cvetni trg)
Zelenom vencu (Zeleni venac) Banovom brdu (Banovo brdo)
Stanujemo u Miloevoj ulici.
Jovanovoj ulici (Jovanova ulica) Zorinoj ulici (Zorina ulica)

"Sekspirovoj ulici Knez-Mihailovoj ulici (Knez-Mihailova
ulica. Note that /Knez-Mihailov is
a unit) /Knez/ does not change.)
Oni ive u Novom Sadu.
Gornjem Milanovcu (Gornji Milanovac) Gorskom kotaru (Gorski kotar)
Generalskom Stolu (Generalski Stol)
Oni ive u Staroj Pazovi.
Rogakoj Slatini (Rogaka Slatina) Vrnjakoj Banji (Vrnjaka Banja)
Nikoj Banji (Nika Banja)
199

Molim vas dajte tu kafu mom ocu.
Beograd se dopada mom ocu. /svia
Beograd se ne dopada mom ocu.
mom prijatelju mojoj majci
Tominom bratu Tominoj sestri
Zorinom muzu Jovanovoj supruzi
Plural
Make the indicated substitutions with negative transforms.
u ovo doba oni su sigurno u svojim u ovo doba oni sigurno nisu u svojim
sobama. sobama.
svojim hotelima njihovim restoranima
svojim kuama njihovim kancelarijama
svojim krevetima njihovim uredima
Dajte te kafe naim prijateljima.
Beograd se dopada naim prijateljima. /svia
Donesite po jedno pivo nama i naim prijateljima.
naim majkama naim roditeljima
Tominim sestrama
GD 10.1.2 Controlled Adaptation Drill
Va prijatelj je u svom hotelu.
svom kupatilu
svojoj sobi
200

svoj hotel svoje kupatilo svoja soba
ameri~ki konzulat nae pozorite Ameri~ka ambasada
na bioskop svoje selo njegova kancelarija
svoj ured to kazalite svoja kafana
Stanujemo na Cvetnom trgu. Cvetni trg Banovo brdo.
Banovom brdu. Mali Kalemegdan Topidersko brdo
Zeleni venac Dedinje
Avalski put
Stanujemo u Pukinovoj ulici. Pukinova ulica.
Miloeva ulica
Knez-Mihailova ulica
Maglajska ulica
v
Sekspirova ulica
Jovanova ulica
Moji roditelji ive u Novom Sadu. Novi Sad Stara Pazova
Staroj fazovi Gornji Milanovac Rogaka slatina
Gorski kotar Vrnjacka B::l.nja
Generalski Stol Nika Banja
Beograd se svia mom bratu. moj brat moja sestra
mojoj sestri va prijatelj naa majka
Mom bratu se svia Beograd. Zorin suprug moja ena
Mojoj sestri na otac Tomina braa
201

Jugoslavija se svia naim prijateljima. nai prijatelji nae sestre
naim sestrama nai roditelji nae majke
nai ljudi nae ene
GD 10.1.2 Substitution-Adaptation Drill - Vezbanje sa zamenama i izmenama
Make the indicated substitutions, adapting the form to the context.
Toma je u svom hotelu. svoja kafana
Toma nije u svom hotelu nego vaem. njihovo pozorite
Moji prijatelji su u svojoj sobi. Jovanova kua
Moji prijatelji nisu u svojoj sobi, ve u naoj. njegova kancelarija
Nemacka ambasada
taj ured
Pair drill.
l
Stanujemo na Topciderskom brdu.
l 2
Mi ne stanujemo na Topciderskom brdu, ve u Miloevoj ulici.
l 2
Mali Kalemegdan Jovanova ulica
Cvetni trg .. Knez-Mihailova ulica
Zeleni venac Zorina ulica
Banovo brdo Maglajska ulica
Avaliski put Pukinova ulica
l
Moji prijatelji ive u Novom Sadu.
l 2
Moji prijatelji ne zive u Novom Sadu, nego u Staroj Pazovi.
l 2
Gornji Milanovac . Rogaka Slatina
Gorski kotar Vrnjacka -BinJa
Generalski Stol Nika Banja
202

Make the indicated substitutions and necessaryadaptations. Singular
Molim vas dajte tu kafu mojoj sestri.
Beograd i Zagreb se dopadaju mojoj sestri. !sviaju
Beograd se dopada, a Zagreb se ne dopada mojoj sestri.
na otac Tomina majka
vaa supruga njen mu
Zorin otac va prijate:!.j
Jovanov brat vaa braa
Make the indicated substitutions with necessaryadaptations. Plural
Moji prijatelji su u ovo doba sigurno u svojim sobama.
Moji prijatelji u ovo doba sigurno nisu u svojim sobama.
njihov hotel svoja kancelarija
njihov krevet
Donesite po jedno pivo naim prijateljima.
Naim prijateljima se ne dopada Beograd. /svia
Naim prijateljima se dopada Zagreb vie nego Beograd.
nae ene njihove majke
Jovanovi roditelji Tomine sestre
njihovi muevi vai ocevi
GD 10.2 Dative of the personal pronouns - Dativ licnih zamenica

GD 10.2.1 Substitution-Learning Drill - Veba sa ucenje sa zamenom
Plain
Dajte mi kafu. mu (Jovanu) nam (ocu i meni)
joj (Zori) im (mojim roditeljima)
203

Emphatic
Dajte meni kafu. njemu (Jovanu) nama (ocu i meni)
njoj (Zori) njima (mojim roditeljima)
Plain
Treba mi soba. ti nam

Milo mi je. /Drago mu vam
Zao mi je. joj im
Emphatic
Meni treba soba. tebi nama
Meni je milo. /drago njemu vama
Meni je vrlo zao. njoj njima
GD 10.2.2 Substitution-Adaptation Drill - Vezba sa zamenama i izmenama
Dajte mi jednu jaku kafu. on mi
Dajte Jovanu tu kafu. ona oni
Treba mi lepa i velika soba. on mi
Mnogo mi je zao to imate ravu sobu. ti vi
Milo mi je to imate lepu i cistu sobu. ona oni

/Drago mi j e ...
GD 10.2.3 Adjective Drill with Pronoun Transform
In the sentences on the left a pronominal adjective with a noun is used.

In those on the right the dative of the corresponding (short) personal pronoun
is substituted for the adjective. The meaning of the sentences is roughly the
same, those on the right being more colloquial.
204

Moja kua je lepa i udobna. Kua mi je lepa i udobna.

,
Tvoja kuca je lepa i udobna. Kua ti je lepa i udobna.
Njegova kua Je lepa i udobna. Kua ~ je lepa i udobna.
Njena kua je lepa i udobna. Kua ~ je lepa i udobna.
Naa kua je lepa i udobna. Kua nam je lepa i udobna.
Vaa kua je lepa i udobna. Kua vam je lepa i udobna.
Njihova kua je lepa i udobna. Kua im je lepa i udobna.
GD 10.3 Random Substitution Drill
Jovan radi u jednom velikom restoranu.
ii Jovan ide u jedan veliki restoran.
Miloeva ulica Jovan ide u Miloevu ulicu.
stanovati Jovan stanuje u Miloevoj ulici.
lep kraj grada Jovan stanuje u lepom kraju. grada.
lepa i velika kua Jovan stanuje u lepoj i velikoj kui.
imati Jovan ima lepu i veliku kuu.
trebati Jovanu treba lepa i velika kua.
jedno obavetenje Jovanu treba jedno obavetenje.
oni Njima treba jedno obavetenje.
ova soba Njima treba ova soba.
dopadati se Njima se dopada ova soba.
voleti Oni vole ovu sobu.
iveti Oni ive u ovoj sobi.

Pair Drill
Gde je Beograd? U Jugoslaviji.
Beograd je u Jugoslaviji.
205

Gde ivite? U Beogradu, u Jugoslaviji.
ivim u Beogradu, u Jugoslaviji.

v
or Zivimo u Beogradu, u Jugoslaviji.
Njujork Amerika Mostar Hercegovina
Ljubljana Slovenija Skoplje Makedonija
Zagreb Hrvatska (adj. decI.) Titograd Crna Gora

Kragujevac Srbija Pritina Kosovo i Metohija
Novi Sad . Vojvodina Split Dalmacija
Sarajevo Bosna Osijek Slavonija
U kom gradu ive Jovan i Toma. U Zagrebu.
Oni ive u Zagrebu.
Jovan i Toma ive u Zagrebu.
Beograd Pritina
Kragujevac Varadin
Ljubljana Topola
Skoplje Titovo Uice
Tuzla Novi Sad
Sarajevo Gornji Milanovac
Titograd Bosanska Gradika
Substitution Drill
l
Gde stanujete? U Miloevoj ulici.
l
Stanujem u Miloevoj ulici.
l
Stanujemo u Miloevoj ulici.
2
Na Malom Kalemegdanu.
2
Stanujem na Malom Kalemegdanu.
206

l
U kojoj ulici stanujete? U Miloevoj ulici.
l
stanujem u Miloevoj ulici.
l (with lu/) 2
(with Inal)
grad Cvetni trg
pregrade Zeleni venac
Jovanova ulica Topcidersko brdo
Zorina ulica Dedinje
Knez-Mihailova ulica periferija grada
Make the substitutions as indicated.
Kako se ~ dopada Beograd? /svia Dopada ~ se mnogo.
Ne dopada ~ se.
~ se Beograd mnogo dopada.
~ se Beograd ne dopada.
Jovanu njemu, mu
g. i g-i Smit njima, im
Zori i vama nama, nam
Kakva soba treba Zori? Treba ~ lepa i velika soba.
~ treba lepa i velika soba.
ta treba ~?
Make the substitutions indicated, using in the answers the appropriate form of
the pronoun for each substituted item.
Kako se vaem suprugu svia Zagreb? Svia mu se mnogo.
Ne svia mu se.
Njemu se mnogo svia Zagreb.
Njemu se ne svia Zagreb.
207

Tomina sestra Vaa majka vi i va otac
vai prijatelji Zorin brat
Make the substitutions indicated, using the proper form of the pronoun for both
question and answer.
Kakva soba vam treba? Treba mi lepa i velika soba.
/~ treba lepa i velika soba.
Kako vam se sviaju Beograd i Zagreb? Sviaju mi se mnogo.
Ne sViaju mi se.
Meni se mnogo sviaju i Beograd

i Zagreb.
Meni se mnogo ne sviaju ni Beograd

ni Zagreb.
on ona vi (plural)
oni
Substitution-kdaptation Correlation Drill - Vebanje sa zamenama i izmenama
Make all 2 substitutions with the original question, then with each l
substitution.
l 2
Da li va brat zivi u Novom Sadu? Da, ivi.
Ne, ne zivi.
Da, on ivi u Novom Sadu.
Ne, on ne ivi u Novom Sadu.
l 2
vi Stara Pazova Nika Banja
vai roditelji Gornji Milanovac
porodica Jovi Rogaka Slatina
vi i vaa porodica Gorski Kotar

/obitelj
VrnjaCka Banja
208

l 2
Da li Toma i Jovan stanuju na Topciderskom brdu? Da, stanuju.
Ne, ne stanuju.
Da, oni stanuju na

Topciderskom brdu.
Ne, oni ne stanuju na

Topciderskom brdu.
l 2
porodica Jovi Cvetni trg periferija grada
vi Zeleni venac
vi (plural) Banovo brdu
ti Dedinje
l 2
Da li Toma treba da se javi savetniku Smitu? Da, treba.
Ne, ne treba.
l 2
(ja) Americka ambasada
(mi) na konzulat
(vi) svoja kancelarija
oni g. i g-a Jovi
Da li vam treba soba? Da, treba.
Ne, ne treba.
Da, treba mi soba.
Ne, ne treba mi soba.
Da li vam se sviaju Beograd i Zagreb? Da, sviaju se.
Ne, ne sviaju se.
Da, sviaju mi se i Beograd i

Zagreb.
209

UNIT la SERBO- CROATIAN
Da li se vama sViaju Beograd 1 Zagreb? Da" sviaju se.
Ne, ne sviaju se.
Da, meni se sviaju i Beograd i

Zagreb.
vi (plural ) on ona
oni
Da li se Beograd dopada vaem ocu? Da, dopada.
Ne, ne dopada.
Da, Beograd se dopada mom ocu.
Ne, Beograd se ne dopada mom ocu.
Tomina majka Jovanov brat vaa sestra
na prijatelj va muz
Repeat the above drill with the following plural items.
moji roditelji vai prijatelji nae majke
Tomine sestre vai muzevi
The items for the substitutions in the following drill are given in the
proper form. Each item is to be used in the question, and the appropriate form
of it also in the answer.
Da li se Beograd i Zagreb sviaju Da, sviaju joj se.

vaoj maj ci ?
Ne, ne sviaju joj se.
Da, njoj se SViaju i Beograd i

Zagreb.
joj njoj vam
vama vaem bratu mu
njemu vaim roditeljima gospoi i gospoici Jovi
im njima
210

Repeat the substitutions at the beginning of GD 10.4.2 with:
Zivi li va brat u Novom Sadu? Da, zivi.
Ne, ne ivi.
Da, moj brat zivi u Novom Sadu.
Ne, moj brat ne ivi u Novom Sadu.
Ja radim u Amerikoj ambasadi. Gde radit~, gospodine?
Stanujemo u gradu. Gde stanujete. IDa li stanujete u

gradu?
Mi ne stanujemo u gradu, ve na Da li stanujete u gradu? /Zar ne

periferiji grada. stanujete u gradu?
Imamo lepu kuu na periferiji. Kakvu kuu imate?
Te~ko je iveti u gradu. Vrlo je Kako je iveti u gradu?

toplo.
Naa kua je na Topiderskom brdu. U kom (Ikojem) kraju je vaa kua?
Nama je vrlo prijatno u naoj kui. Sigurno je vrlo prijatno stanovati na

Topciderskom brdu?
Naa kua je u Pukinovoj ulici. U kojoj ulici je vaa kua?
Meni se dopada Beograd mnogo. Da li vam se dopada Beograd?
Mom ocu se ne svia Beograd. Da li se vaem ocu svia Beograd?
Mom ocu se vie sviaju Zagreb i Koji gradovi se sviaju vaem ocu?
Ljubljana.
Moj prijatelj i njegova porodica Gde ive va prijatelj i njegova

ive u Kragujevcu, u Srbiji. porodica?
Tomini roditelji ive u jednom malom Gde ive Tomini roditelji?

mestu u Gorskom kotaru u Hrvatskoj.
Kua nam je mala i neudobna. Kakva vam je kua.
Treba nam velika i udobna kua. Kakva kua vam treba?
Recite Tominoj majci da je Toma ta da kaem Tominoj majci?

dobro i da ne brine.
211

Dajte tu kafu mojoj sestri. Kome da dam ova kafu? IZa koga je
ova kafa?
Mi obieno pijemo kafu u jednoj Gde vi obieno pijete kafu?

maloj kafani.

GD 10.4.1
A B
Gdje radite J gospodine Popoviu? Radim u Beogradu.
Da li stanujete u Beogradu? Ne J ne stanujem.
Gdje stanujete? Stanujem u Staroj Pazovi.
Zato ne stanujete u Beogradu ve Moja zena ima kuu u Staroj Pazovi.

u Staroj Pazovi? Zato stanujemo tamo.
To je druga stvar. Kakvu kuu ima Ima vrlo lijepu i udobnu kuu.
vaa gospoa?
To je lijepo. Daj mi smo zadovoljni.
r~e pa~HTe, rocnO~HHe nonoBHhy? Pa~HK y Beorpa~y.
~a ~ cTaHyjeTe y Beorpa~y? He, He cTaHyjell.
r~e cTaHyjeTe? CTaHyjeM y CTapoj lla30BH.
3amTO He cT8HyjeTe y Beorpa~y Beh Moja zeHa HMa Kyhy y CTapoj lla30BH.
y CTapoj lla30BH? 3aTo cTaHyjeMo TaMO.
To je ~pyra CTBap. KaKBY Kyhy HMa Rua BP~O ~eny H y~o6HY Kyhy.
Bama rocnol)a?
To je JIeno. ~a, MH CILO 3a~oB~HH.
GD 10.4.2
Vi radite u americkoj ambasadi J Daj radim.

gospodine J zar ne?
Gdje je americka ambasada? Ona je u Miloevoj ulici.
Da li stanujete u gradu ili predgrau? Stanujemo u predgrau.
212

Moja zena ne voli ziveti u gradu.
U kom (Ikojem) dijelu stanujete? Stanujemo na Topciderskom Brdu.

v
U kojoj ulici stanujete? Znate li gdje je Sekspirova ulica?
Da, znam. Mi stanujemo u ekspirovoj ulici broj 4.

Kakvu kuu imate? Imamo prilino veliku i vrlo udobnu ku~u.
Da li je vaa gospoa zadovoljna? Jest, i ona i ja smo vrlo zadovoljni.
BH paAHTe Y aMepH~Koj aU6aCaAH, Aa, paAHM.

rOCnOAHHe, je~'Te?
rAe je auepH~Ka aM6acaAa? OHa je y MH~omeBoj yAHUH.
~a ~ cT8HyjeTe y rpaAY H~ Ha CTaHyjeMo Ha nepH~pHjH.
nepJl:q,epHjH.
Moja ~eHa He BO~ Aa ZHBH y rpaAY.
Y KOK (IKojeM) Kpajy cTaHyjeTe? CTaHyjeMo Ha Ton~HAepcKOM BpAY.
Y KOjOj y~nH cTaHyjeTe? 3HaTe ~ rAe je llieKcnHpOBa y~UA?
~a, 3HaM. MH cTaHyjeMo y llieKcnHpoBoj y~UH 6poj 4.

KaRBy Kyhy HMaTe?
~a ~ je sama rocno~a 3aAOBO~Ha? JeCTe, H oHa H ja CMO BP~O 3aAOBO~HH.
GD 10.4.3
Kako vam se dopada Beograd, gospodine On mi se mnogo dopada.

Smite?
A dopada li se Beograd vaoj gospoi? Da, njoj se takoer Beograd dopada

jako mnogo.
U Beogradu su sada njeni roditelji, Da, jesu.

zar ne?
Kako se njima svia Jugoslavija. Oni vole Jugoslaviju. Ali Zagreb im se

vie dopada nego Beograd, a Split
vie nego Zagreb.
To razumijem. I ja volim Zagreb i Gde je Gorski kotar?

Split. Ali, meni se vie dopada
Gorski k~tar nego Dalmacija.
213

Gorski kotar je u Hrvatskoj.
Znate li gdje je Rijeka? Da, znam.
Tamo je Gorski kotar.
Kako se vama i gospoi Smit dopadaju Oni nam se jako dopadaju p I moja ~ena
Dedinje i Topcidersko brdo? i ja mnogo volimo Jugoslaviju.
Hvala gospodine. To mi je milo. I

mi Jugoslaveni volimo Ameriku.
KaKO saM ce AonaAa BeorpaA, rocnOARBe OH MB ce Maoro AonaAa.

CKBTe?
A AonaAa JJH ce BeorpaA samoj rocno~R? ~a, &oj ce TaKo~e EeorpaA AonaAa
SPJlO liBoro.
Y BeorpaAY cy caAa HeHH pOAHTe~, lla, jecy.

jeJI'Te?
KaKO ce JLHKa CSH~ JyrocJl8.BHja. OHH BOJle JyrocJI8.Bajy. Aa 3arpe<s HM ce

BRme AonaAa Bero BeorpaA, a OnJJBT
same Hero 3arpe<S.
To paayMeli. H ja SOJIHIi 3arpe<S HOoaT. rAe je rOpCKB KOTap?

AJIH, KeHH ce SRme AooaAa rOpCKH KOTap
Hero ,llaJDIa1Ulja.
rOpcKa OTap je y XpsaTcKoj.
3aaTe JJH rAe je PHjeKa? ,lla, aaaK.
TaMO je rOpCKB KOTap.
KaKO ce BaMa B rocnO~B eKHT ~ona~aJY OHH HaK ce ~ona~aJY sp~o MBoro.
lleAH&e H Ton~HAepcKo 6PAO? MKoja zeBa H ja KHoro BOJIHKO
JY~OCJl8.BH jY.
XBa~ ~ocnOAHHe. To MH je KBJIO.

H KH JY~OCJIOBeHH BOJIHMO AKepBKY.

l. Fill the blanks in 1-3 with the proper form of the item to the right of
the sentence. In 4-10 fill the blanks with a proper item from those listed to
the right of each sentence.
214

l. Moj prijatelj ivi u (Slavonski Brod)
2. Slavonski Brod je u (Hrvatska)
3. Mi imamo lepu kuu u . br. 4. (Zagreba~ka ulica)
4. Trebaju lepe i velike sobe. (mom prijatelju, njemu, mu)
5. trebaju lepe i velike sobe. (savetniku Smitu, njemu, mu)

6. se dopada Beograd vrlo mnogo. (mojoj eni, njoj, joj)
7. Jovan treba da se javi. (savetniku Smitu, njemu, mu)

8. Recite . da mi se javi ~im doe kui. (Jovanu, mu)
9. je milo ~to imate lepu sobu. (mojoj eni i meni, nama,

nam)
10. Milo . je ~to ste zadovoljni. (g-nu i g-i Jovi, njima,

/Drago im)
2. Make questions to which the above sentences will be appropriate answers.
21.5

UNIT I I SERO-CROATIAN
UNIT II
Where are you From? Odakle ste? OJI,aKJl8 e '\"'e?
whose Cljr, -a, -e 1fHjii, --a, -8
that on~j, ona, ono OHaj, oHa, OBO
that (pronominal) ono OHO
V l,
Whose monument is that? Cljr je ono spomenik?
prince kn~z, pl. knezevi RHe3, RHe.eSH
/knezovi / RHe30BH
Michael Mihailo MHXQ H J10
I
Thatis the Prince Michael T5 je spomenik Kneza
monument.
Mihaila. MHXaHJJ8..
building
across (with G)
across from (with G) preko pnta npeKo nyTa
What building is that

across from the monu-
ment? J .. #
preko puta spomenrka? nyTa cnoMeaHRa?
216

BASIC COURSE UNIT I I
national n.rodni, -a, -o - -

HapoAHH, -a, -o
museum muzej
I
That's the National Museum. T5 je N~rodnr muzej. T~ je HipOAHH 1 uY3ej.
... "
from where oda:kle
I ..
Where is your friend Oda:kle je va
I
OAaK~e je B~m np~jaTe~?#
from?
prijatelj?
from, out of (with G) iz H3
.L l
He's from Split [in] On je iz Splita, iz H3
Dalmacia.
,
DalmacijE.
,
with us kod nas KOA Hac
visit posjeta nOC8Ta
.L I I .L I I
He1s coming to visit us On dolazi kod nas u OH AO~3Z KOA Hac y
(IHe1s coming to us on
a visiti), isn1t he?
noceTy,
probably vjerojatno BepOBaTHO
Saturday subota cy60Ta
217

UNIT I I SERBO-CROATIAN
,
Sunday, week nedjelja He.u;e.u.
Yes, probablyon Saturday Vjerojatno u

I
JeCTe. y
BepoBaTHo
or Sunday.
l
subotu ill nedjelju.
,
today danas ~aHac
post office, mail pota IIomTa
Is there any mail today?

I I I
Hlla .u;aHac
I II~mTe?#
Da li ima danas pote? tla Jm
, # '
Yes, there is. Da, ima:. tla, HlIa.
how big kolik!, -a, -o KO~KH, -a, -o / KO~HKH
, ,
how much, how many koliko KOJIHKO / RO..' 'IHKO
letter pfsmo Gpl. plsam IIHCMO, nzcalla
How many letter are

there?
several nekoliko HeKO~KO
I J
There are several letters. Ima nekoliko pIsama. Rua HeKO~KO nHcaua.
,
for me za mene 3a MeHe
from (with G) od 0/1.
218

,
from my father od m~g(a) oca
I I I I
One is for me from home, Jedno Je za mene od Je~Ho je 3a MeHe O~ Kyha,
from my mother and
father.
kU~, od m6g(a) oca
i ~jke.
How are they? Kako su oni?
God BO~, Bo~a, 60~OBH
bogovi
Thank God, they are fine. Hvila Bogu, dobro su. xBiJla' Bo~Y , Ao6po ey.
next, going, coming, {duI, -a, -5

(week, month)
sununer JIe TO
vacation (during ljetova:nJe JIe TOBaHe

sununer)
J. I
Theyire leaving Novi Sad Oni odlaze idue ORH OAJla3e HAYhe HeAe~e H3
next week on vacation.
nedjelje iz Novog
l
HOBO~ Ca~a
' I Ha JIeTOBaHe.
I
S~da na ljetova:nje.
who KO
from whom od koga O~ Ko~a
219

UNIT II SERBO- CROATIAN
I
Who is the other letter Od kg~ Je drugo
from?
pismo?
I.L I ' . l
The other letter is from Drugo plsmo je od naih ~pyro nBcMO je OA HamHX
our friends the
Jovanovi ts. I
prijat~lj~ JovanovII. npHjaT;~' JOS~HOBBha.
to be returning, vraati se, spahaTH ce,

to return
vraaju se spahajy ce
the day after prekosutra npeKocYTpa

tomorrow "
/preksutra /npeKcYTpa
western z~padni, -8., -o - -

3anaABB, -a, -o
k I , , I " ,
TheyIre coming back from uni se vracaju preko- OHB ce spahajy npeKocYTpa
West Germany the day
after tomorrow. I .l
sutra iz Z!padne Ba 3anaAHe HeuaqKe.
Njemak~.
baggage
brought donijet /donesen AOHeT / AOH~ceH
from, from off, out s, sa c, ca

of (vehicle) (with G)
pertaining to a eljeznikI, -a, -o ~e~e3BH~KB,

- -o
-a,
railroad
railroad station kolodvor (Cr)

ZeJIe3HH~Ka
"
CT&HBU&.
220

BASIC COURSE UNIT II
Has your friendts baggage

I ..
Da li je prtljaga va eg Aa
- I. I
~ je
I
npT~r
I
samer
been brought from the
rallroad station?
prijatelja donesena'
sa kolodvora?
Not (lisniti) yet.
~ I I .. J I l l
Do you know who can Da li znate ko ga ~a ~H ~HaTe KO MOEe ~a ra
bring it?
mbe donijeti?
desk clerk portIr nopTHp
l
Ask the desk clerk. PItajte portIra.
Grammatical Notes
Note 11.1 Noun/Adjective: Genitive

Note 11.1.1 Genltive: Form
On je iz Splita, iz Dalmacije.
Jedno je za mene od kue, od moga oca i majke.
Oni odlaze idue nedelje iz Novog Sada na letovanje.
Je li prtljag vaeg prijatelja donet sa zeleznicke stanice?
The genitive singular ending for masculine and neuter nouns is I-a/. The
adjective ending is /-og/ (/-eg/) or /-oga/ (/-ega/). The genitive singular
ending for feminine /a/ nouns is /-e/, as is the adjective ending. Feminine /i/
nouns have /i/: /n5/ G. /noi/.
221

UNIT II SERBO-CROATIAN
Ima nekoliko pisama.
Drugo pismo je od naih prijatelja Jovanovia.
The genitive plural ending for neuter nouns is /-1/. A preceding vowel is
lengthened: /pIs!m!/. In this word the preceding vowel is moveable /a/. The
base of the word is /pis(a)ma/. The (a) is lost before all other endings:
/pismol G. /pisma/ D. /pismu/, etc. The genitive plural I-a/ lengthens the
preceding (a): Iptsarna/.
The genitive plural ending for masculine nouns is usually I-a/ but some
nouns have 1-1/. /-al lengthens the preceding vowel if it is not already long:
Iprljat~ljl/, !J5vra/. /-1/ has no effect on the preceding vowel.
The genitive plural ending for feminine Iii nouns is always I-II Inor/.
The ending for /al nouns may be /-a/ or /-1/: lm!jk!l, Isestir!/ (with moveable
lal), /nedelj!l, Istan!c!/, I-II being the more frequent.
The genitive plural ending for all adjectives is /-!h/.
Note 11.1.2 Genitive: Use
a) On je iz Splita, iz Dalmacije.
Jedno je za mene od kue, od mog oca i majke.
On nije kod kue.
Je li va~ prtljag donet sa ~elezni~ke stanice.
Koja je ono zgrada preko puta spomenika?

on dolazi kod nas u posetu.
Oni odlaze idue nedelje iz Novog Sada.
b) Ima 11 danas po~te?
Da, ima nekoliko pisama.

Koliko pisama ima?
e) Oni odlaze idue nedelje iz Novog Sada na letovanje.
222

d) To je spomenik Kneza Mihaila.

Da li je prtljag vaeg prijatelja donet sa stanice?
The genitive case is most frequently used with prepositions, as in a)
above. Some prepositions are used with one case only. lizi, lodl and Ikodl
are always followed by the genitive. Other prepositions may be used with two,
and some even three, cases. Isal may be used with two cases, genitive and in-
strumental; with the genitive the basic meaning is 'down from on top of'. In
the example above it is simply 'from'. When a preposition may be used with more
than one case, the meaning is different with each case. (Compare lul and Inal
with dative or accusative.)
Of the prepositions which are regularly followed by the genitive, the fo~
lowing have been used so far: /bllzul Inear', /dol lup to, as far as, next to'
(Ido vi~njal is lup to [that is, 'until'] seeing [again]'), lizi lout of, from',
Ikodl lat (the place of)' (e.g. Ikad kue/ lat home' Ikad ns/ 'at our house')
lodl 'from, away from', lokol labout, around l , Ipreko/ 'across' (the phrase
Ipreko putal is also followed by a genitive after the /puta/: 'across the road
from _ _ ').
The sentences in b) illustrate the use of the genitive with regard to

quantity. It indicates Isome ofl: 'is there any mail today', 'is there some
mail today'. The genitive of quantity may be used in other constructions, as
the object of a verb, for example: Ion zeli da pije vodel 'he wants to drink
some water'. This usage of the genitive alone for quantity is restricted to
nouns indicating an indeterminate Imass' or quantity of the item in question.
These are frequently called 'mass nouns I. The genitive singular of the 'mass
noun f is used in this meaning.
The genitive is also used after certain words indicating quantity, such
as Ikoliko/ 'how mUCh, how many?', /nekolikol
'several . The examples are of
'
items in the plural, so the genitive plural is used. (See also Note 13.1 on the
use of the genitive plural after certain numerals.)
The sentence in c) illustrates the genitive of time, expressing the time

within which something may occur. They are going sometime within the period of
time 'next week'. This contrasts with the accusative of time, which indicates
the extent of time: Ijedan sati Ifor an hour'. Only nouns with some sort of
modifier occur in genitive of time expressions.
223

The sentences in d) illustrate the genitive as indicating possession. When

the noun is compound, as IKnez Mihailoi, or is modified by an adjective, it is
used in the genitive for possession. Another example is I kuca
I'
njihovog
I
prljatelja
\ /
ftheir friend1s house r (ISmitovi rSmith's' is an example of the suffix I-ovi,

which also corresponds to English possessive expressions) compare Injihovl
Itheir'. This type of suffix is discussed in Note 27.2.)
Note 11.2 Pronoun: lonol

Koja je ono zgrada? Ciji je ono spomenik?
To je Narodni muzej. To je spomenik Kneza Mihaila.
lonol refers to something at a distance. It51 refers to something

pointed out or mentioned previously. There is a third, lovol 'this f (compare
15vdel 'here') which refers to something at hand. There are corresponding
adjectives to each (cf Note 10.3):
Pronoun Adjective
,
ovo ovaj ova ovo
, ,
ono onaj ona ono
t5 t~j t~ t5
Grammatical Drill
GD 11.1 Learning Drill - Vezba za ucenje

GD 11.1.1 Genitive with Preposition - Genitiv sa predlogom
Singular without Adjective - Jednina bez prideva
Pair Drill
l 2
Moj prijatelj je iz Splita, iz Dalmacije.
l 2
Zagreba Hrvatske
Kragujevca Srbije
v
Cikaga ....Amerike
Sarajeva ..Bosne
Skoplja Makedonije
224

Alternative Drill
Ima pismo od ~ iz Cikaga.
Nema pismo od ~, ve od brata.
Mi odlazimo sutra u posetu kod ~.
,
Mi ne odlazimo sutra u posetu kod ~, vec kod brata.
brata majke
prijatelja sestre
Jovana Zore
gospodina Jovia gospoe Jovi
Singular with Adjective - Jednina sa pridevom
Moj prijatelj je iz Novog Sada. Gornjeg Milanovca Stare Pazove
Generalskog Stola Vrnjacke Banje
Gorskog kotara Cr'ne Gore
Nike Banje
Alternative Drill
Ima pismo od mog oca, iz Cikaga.
Nema pismo od mog oca, ve od mog brata.
mog(a) brata moje majke
vaeg prijatelja vae sestre
vaeg supruga Tomine zene
Zorinog muza nae brae
Plural - Mnozina
Ima pismo od naih roditelja.
naih prijatelja naih majki
vaih sestara Jovanovih sinova
225

GD 11.1.2 Genitive of Quantity - Partitivni genitiv (za koli~inu)

GD 11.1.2.1 With Mass Nouns - Sa gradivnim imenicama
Without Adjectives - Bez prideva
Ima vina. mesa kafe
Ima mnogo vina. piva po~te
hleba vode
aja
Moj prijatelj pije mnogo vina. piva kafe
aja vode
Jugosloveni jedu mnogo mesa. hleba

kruha
With Adjectives - Sa pridevom
Ima crnog vina. teleeg mesa bele kafe
Ima mnogo crnog vina. belog vina hladne vode
crnog hleba tople vode
toplog aja
Moj prijatelj pije mnogo crnog vina. hladnog piva crne kafe
toplog aja hladne vode
GD 11.1.2.2 Genitive of Quantity with Count Nouns - Partitivni genitiv sa

stvarnim imenicama
Without Adjective - Bez prideva
Ovde ima nekoliko bioskopa. portira ljudi
Ovde nema mnogo bioskopa. trgova obitelji
parkova
pozorita
/kazalita
226

soba
kafana
With Adjective - Sa pridevom
Ovde ima nekoliko lepih spomenika. dobrih restorana dobrih ljudi
Ovde neme mnogo lepih spomenika. lepih parkova velikih obitelji
velikih muzeja
velikih pozorita
lepih soba
dobrih kafana
udobnih kua
GD 11.1.3 Genitive of Time - TemporaIni genitiv
Oni odlaze idue nedelje iz Novog Sada na letovanje.
ove subote
ove nedelje
idue subote
Jovan ide svake subote u kafanu. idue subote svakog dana
svake nedelje
svake noi
GD 11.1.4 Genitive of Possession - Possesivni genitiv
Prtljag moga prijatelja je donet sa Zorinog brata vae majke

zeleznicke stanice. vaeg oca njihove sestre
Kua moga prijatelja je vrlo lepa. Tominog sina moje zene
Pismo moga prijatelja je vrlo lepo. njenog muza vae gospoe
227

UNIT I I SERBO- CROATIAN
Zgrada Narodnog muzeja je lepa vaeg hotela nae Ambasade

i velika.
na~g bioskopa eleznicke stanice
naeg pozorita
Narodnog pozorita
GD 11.2 Controlled Adaptatlon Drill
In this drill the nouns for substitution are given in the nominative form.
Each item listed for the substltution follows the pattern of the noun heading
the list.
Singular without Adjective - Jednina, bez prideva
Pair Drill
Nai prijatelji se vraaju prekosutra iz Dalmacije, iz Splita.
Dalmacija
Hrvatska . Zagreb
Srbija . Kragujevac
v
Amerika Cikago
Bosna . Sarajevo
Makedonija Skoplje
Alternative Drill
Ima Jedno pismo od kue od ~.
majke
Oni odlaze prekosutra u posetu kod ~.
otac
brat sestra
prijatelj Zora
228

Jovan /Ivan gospoa Jovi
gospodin Jovi gospoica Jovi
Singular with Adjective-Jednina sa pridevom
Alternative Drill
Moja kua je preko puta Narodnog muzeja.
Moja kua nije preko puta Narodnog muzeja, nego preko puta jedne kafane.
Moji prijatelji stanuju blizu Narodnog muzeja.
Mi stanujemo do Narodnog muzeja.
Narodni muzej jedna kafana
jedan spomenik Amerika ambasada
lep park zeleznika stanica
Engleski konzulat
Narodno pozorite
Ima pismo od Zorinog oca.
Tomine majke
Zorin otac Tomina majka
va prijatelj naa sestra
Jovanov brat /Ivanov Jovanova supruga /Ivanova
Zorin muz vaa porodica
Plural - Mnozina
Drugo pismo je od naih prijatelja.
naih majki
na prijatelj naa majka
naa sestra ti ljudi
nai roditelji njihova majka
229

GD 11.2.2 Genitive of Quantity - Partitivni genitiv

U kui ima ~
kaf'e
kaf'a
pivo voda
meso
aj
hleb /kruh
Ja pijem malo vina.
~
Ja ne pijem mnogo vina.
~ ~
pivo voda
aj
Ako elite imamo crnog vina.
tople vode
crno vino topla voda
hladno pivo vrua kaf'a /vrua kava
telee meso hladna voda

topal aj
crni hleb /erni kruh
230

Mi pijemo mnogo crnog vina.
hladne vode.
crno vino hladna voda

hladno pivo vrua kafa
topal aj
GD 11.2.2.2 With Count Nouns - Sa stvarnim imenicama
U gradu ima nekoliko restorana.

U gradu nema mnogo restorana.
kafana
restoran kafana
hotel ulica
,
bioskop /kino kuca
park zgrada
trg
spomenik
pozorite /kazalite
u ovoj kui stanuje nekoliko porodica.
porodica ovek
zena obitelj
U gradu ima nekoliko dobrih hotela.
dobrih ljudi
231

dobar hotel dobar covek
dobra kafana
lepa zgrada
velika ulica
lepa kua
dobro pozorite
U toj kui ima nekoliko velikih soba.
velika soba
udoban krevet
veliki sto
udobna stolica
GD 11.2.3 Genitive of Time - Temporalni genitiv
Moji roditelji odlaze idue nedelje na letovanje.
idua nedelja
ova subota
druga nedelja
idua subota
druga subota
Jovan ide svakog dana u grad u sedam.

svake subote
svaki dan svaka subota
svaki drugi dan ova subota
druga nedelja
idua subota
232

GD 11.2.4 Genitive of Possession - Possesivni genitiv
Soba vaeg prijatelja je lepa, iako je jeftina.
vae sestre
Hotel vaeg prijatelja je vrlo dobar, ali skup.
vae sestre
Kua vaeg prijatelja je prilicno mala, inace je lepa i udobna.
vae sestre
va prijatelj vaa sestra
Zorin brat Jovanova majka
Tomin otac Tomina zena
Zorin muz njegova porodica
njen otac njihova sestra
Plural - Mnozina
Hotel vaih prijatelja je rav, iako je skup.
Kue vaih prijatelja su velike i lepe.
Porodice vaih prijatelja putuju danas u Ljubljanu.
va prijatelj
vaa sestra
GD 11.3 Adaptation Drill
In this drill the nouns for substitution are given in the nominative form
without any indication of the form which is to be used in the sentence. Use the
appropriate form and then give the negative transform. (The negative transform
is given if it is not completely predictable.)
233


Singular, without Adjective - Jednina, bez prideva
Moji roditelji se vraaju prekosutra iz Dalmacije.
Zagreb Sarajevo Bosna

v
Makedonija Cikago Amerika
Kragujevac Hrvatska Srbija
Skoplje Jugoslavija
Ima pismo od ~.
Nai prijatelji odlaze danas u posetu kod oca.
sestra brat majka
Jovan Zora gospodin Jovi
gospoa Jovi
Singular with Adjective - Jednina sa pridevom
Mi smo iz Novog Sada.
Stara Pazova Gornji Milanovac Vrnjaka Banja
Generalski Stol Crna Gora Rogaka Slatina
Ima lepo pismo od Jovanovog sina.
njegova majka va prijatelj Tomin otac
Jovanova ena Zorina sestra moj brat
njen mu
Alternative Drill
Moj prijatelj stanuje preko puta Amerike ambasade.
Moj prijatelj ne stanuje preko puta Amerike ambasade nego preko puta Nemake
ambasade.
234

Moj hotel je blizu Ameri~ke ambasade.
Narodni muzej elezni~ka stanica Jovanov hotel
Engleski konzulat jedan park Narodno pozorite
jedna velika kua
Plural - Mnoina
Alternative Drill
Nema pismo od naih roditelja, ve od naih prijatelja.
I jedno i drugo pismo je od naih roditelja.
Tomina sestra naa majka
na otac Ivanova sestra
Moja zena je u poseti kod mojih roditelja.
Moja zena nije u poseti kod mojih roditelja, nego kod njenih roditelja.
na prijatelj moja sestra njena sestra
Zorini roditelji Jovanova sestra njihova majka
GD 11.3.2 Genitive of Quantity - Partitivni genitiv

Ima vina.
Imamo ~.
U kui ima vina. hleb /kruh meso voda
Ima mnogo vina. oaj kafa /kava pivo
Ima malo vina.
Nema nimalo vina.
235

Jugoslaveni piju mnogo vina.
kafa aj voda
pivo
Moj prijatelj jede mnogo mesa.
hleb /kruh
With Adjectives - Sa pridevima
Ima crnog vina.
Ima malo crnog vina.
Nema nimalo crnog vina.
Ako elite, imamo crnog vina.
ao' mi je, ali nemamo crnog vina.
belo vino hladna voda crni hl eb/kruh
topla voda telee meso hladno pivo
Oni piju mnogo hladnog piva.
hladna voda belo vino vru oaj
GD 11.3.2.2 With Count Nouns - Sa stvarnim imenicama
Ovde ima nekoliko parkova.

,
Ovde nema nekoliko parkova, vec jedan.
Ovde nema mnogo parkova.
U gradu ima nekoliko parkova.

,
U gradu nema nekoliko parkova, vec samo jedan.
kafana trg kazalite
pozorite spomenik
236

----------------------------------
U sobi ima nekoliko stolica.
,
U sobi nema nekoliko stolica, vec koliko ja znam samo jedna.
ogledalo krevet sto
covek postelja
With Adjectives - Sa pridevima
U gradu ima nekoliko dobrih hotela.
U gradu nema nekoliko dobrih hotela, nego samo jedan.
U gradu nema mnogo dobrih hotela.
U gradu ima malo dobrih hotela.
lep park lepa zgrada
lep spomenik veliki trg
veliki muzej lepa ulica
cista kafana udobna kua
U ovoj kui ima nekoliko udobnih soba.
Koliko ja znam u ovoj kui nema nekoliko udobnih soba, ve samo jedna.
ispravno kupatilo mlad covek
udoban krevet veliki sto
udobna stolica stara zena
GD 11.3.3 Genitive of Time - TemporaIni genitiv
Mi odlazimo idue nedelje na letovanje. ova subota
druga nedelja
idua subota
ova nedelja
druga subota
237

Ovde ljudi idu u kafanu svake subote. svaki dan

,
svaka noc
svaka nedelja
svaki drugi dan

,
svaka druga noe
GD 11.3.4 Genitive of Possession - Posesivni genitiv
Prtljag va~eg prijatelja je tezak.
Kua vaeg prijatelja je udobna, ali skupa.
Kua vaeg prijatelja nije udobna, iako je skupa.
Soba va~eg prijatelja je samo mala, inace je i lepa i cista.
Pismo va~eg prijatelja je vrlo lepo.
Jovanova sestra njen mu njegova porodica /obitelj
va~ otac njegov brat
Tomina zena njihova sestra
Zgrada Narodnog muzeja je lepa i velika. Narodno pozorite
Americka ambasada
va~ hotel
zeleznicka stanica
na bioskop
Plural - Mnozina
Hotel vaih prijatelja je rav, iako je skup. vaa sestra

Kue vaih prijatelja su velike i lepe. ovaj covek
Porodice vaih prijatelja putuju danas u Ljubljanu. taj covek
nj ihova maj ka
238


Singular without Adjectives
Pair Drill
l 2
Odakle je va prijatelj? Iz Jugoslavije, iz Beograda.
On je iz Jugoslavije, iz Beograda.
l 2
Dalmacija Split
Hrvatska Zagreb
Srbija Kragujevac
v
Amerika Cikago
Bosna Sarajevo
Slovenija Ljubljana
Makedonija Skoplje
Kad se vai prijatelji vraaju iz Dalmacije? Idue nedelje.
Oni se vraaju iz Dalmacije

idue nedelje.
Zagreb
Sarajevo
Skoplje
Ljubljana
Slovenija
Hercegovina
Mostar
Od koga je pismo? Od ~.
Pismo je od oca.
Kod koga idete sutra u posetu? Kod ~.
Sutra idemo u posetu kod ~.
239

majka
brat
sestra
gospoa Jovi
gospodin Jovi
gospoica Jovi
Koliko va prijatelj pije vina? Pije mnogo.
Ne pije mnogo.
On pije mnogo vina.
On ne pije mnogo vina.
pivo
kafa
aj
voda
GD 11.4.2 With Adjectives
Odakle su vai prijatelji? Iz Novog Sada.
Oni su iz Novog Sada.
Stara Pazova
Gornji Milanovac
Nika Banja
Gorski Kotar
Vrnjaka Banja
Crna Gora
Od koga ima pismo? Od vaeg oca.
Ima pismo od vaeg oca.
Nema pismo ni od koga.
240

moja majka
Tomin brat /Tomov
Jovanova sestra /Ivanov

Tomina porodica /obitelj
Kod koga idete u posetu? Kod naeg prijatelja.

Idemo u posetu kod naeg prijatelja.
na otac i majka
Zorin brat
moja sestra
Gde stanujete? Preko puta Narodnog muzeja.
Stanujem preko puta Narodnog muzeja.
Ko stanuje preko puta Narodnog muzeja?
Ko stanuje blizu Narodnog muzeja?
Narodno pozorite
Ameri~ka ambasada
Nema~kl konzulat
zeleznl~ka stanica
GD 11.4.3 Plural
Od koga ima pismo? Od naih roditelja.

Kad idete u posetu kod vaih Ove subote.

roditelja. Idemo u posetu ove subote.
naa majka
naa sestra
na sin
241

Koliko parkova ima u gradu? Ima nekoliko.
Ima nekoliko parkova.
Nema nijedan park.
kafana
bioskop /kino
trg
pozorite /kazalite
Koliko dobrih muzeja ima u gradu? Ima nekoliko dobrih muzeja.
Nema nijedan dobar muzej.
dobra kafana
velika ulica
lep trg
dobro pozorite /kazalite
Koliko stolica ima u sobi? Ima nekoliko stolica.
Ne znam koliko stolica ima u sobi.
sto
ogledalo /zrcalo
krevet /postelja
covek
zena
Od koga su pisma? Od naih roditelja.
I jedno i drugo pismo je od naih roditelja.
na prijatelj
naa sestra
Jovanov sin
nae zene
24-2

nai muzevi
nae majke
Singular without Adjective
Pair Drill
l
Jeste (li) vi iz Jugoslavije? Jesam.
Nisam.
2
Jeste, ja sam iz Jugoslavije, iz Beograda.
Ne, ja nisam iz Jugoslavije.
Da li je va prijatelj iz Jeste.
Jugoslavije? Nije.
Jeste, on je iz Jugoslavije, iz Beograda.
Ne, on nije iz Jugoslavije.
l 2
Hrvatska Zagreb
Slovenija Ljubljana
Srbija KragUjevac
Bosna Sarajevo
Hercegovina Mostar
Makedonija Skoplje
Alternative Drill
Da li ima pismo od oca? Da, ima.
Ne, nema.
Da, ima pismo od ~.
,
Ne, nema pismo od ~ vec od majke.
brat gospodin Jovi Zora
sestra gospoica Jovi gospoa Jovi
243

Substitution Drill
Da li ima vina? Da, ima.
Ne, nema.
Da, ima vina.
Ne" nema vina.

Da li imate vina? Da, imamo.
Ne, nemamo.
Da, imamo vina.
Ne, nemamo vina.
hleb
kafa
pivo
voda
~aj
Da li Jugosloveni piju mnogo vina? Da, piju.
Ne, ne pijU.
Da, oni pijU mnogo vina.
Ne, oni ne piju mnogo vina.
pivo
kafa
~aj
Da li vi jedete mnogo mesa? Da, jedem.
Ne, ne jedem.
Da, jedem mnogo mesa.
Ne, ne jedem mnogo mesa.
hleb /kruh
244

Singular with Adjective
Alternative Drill
Da li ste vi iz Novog Sada? Jesam.
Nisam.
Jeste, ja sam iz Novog Sada.
Ne, ja nisam iz Novog Sada, nego iz

Stare Pazove.
Gornji Milanovac
Vrnjacka Banja
Generalski Stol
Crna Gora
Gorski Kotar
Nika Banja
Substitution Drill
Da li ima danas pote? Da, ima pismo od mog oca.
Ne, nema pote.
va otac
moja majka
na brat
Jovanova sestra
Tomina porodica
Alternative Drill
Da li vai prijatelji stanuju Da, stanuju.

preko puta Americke ambasade?
Ne, ne stanuju.
Da, oni stanuju preko puta Americke

ambasade.
Ne, oni ne stanuju preko puta Americke
245

,
ambasade, vec preko puta Narodnog
muzeja.
Narodno pozorite
Engleska ambasada
Nema~ki konzulat
zelezni~ka stanica
The ~ollowing sentences are ~or the same type o~ drill:
Da li vi stanujite blizu Ameri~ke ambasade?
Ima li crnog vina? Da, ima.
Ne, nema.
Da, ima crnog vina.
Ne, nema crnog vina.
hladna voda
belo vino
topla voda
crni hleb
telee meso
Da li je prtljag vaeg prijatelja te~ak? Jeste.
Nije.
Jeste, prtljag moga prijatelja je
vrlo tezak.
Ne, njegov prtljag nije tezak, ve
lak.
va otac njegova zena
Zorina sestra njegov brat
Zorin muz vaa majka
246

Following are sentences for the same type of drill:
Da li Je kua vaeg prijatelja udobna?

Da li Je soba vaeg prijatelja mala?
Da li Je pismo vaeg prijatelja lepo?
Da li idete svakog dana u Staru Pazovu? Da" idem.

Ne" ne idem.
Da" idem svakog dana u Staru Pazovu.
Ne, ne idem svakog dana, ve svakog
drugog ~.
svaka subota
svaka nedelja
ova nedelja
ova subota
Plural - Without Adjectives
Da li ima hotela u gradu? Da" ima.

Ne" nema.
Da" ima hotela u gradu.
Ne" nema hotela u gradu.
~ao mi je, ali ne znam koliko
hotela ima u gradu.
kafana
bioskop /kino
park
pozorite /kazalite
trg
covek
Following are questions for the same type of drill:
Da li ima mnogo hotela u gradu?

Da li ima mnogo ljudi u hot~lu?
With Adjectives
Da li ima ovde dobrih hotela? Da, ima.
Ne, nema.
247

Da, ima dobrih hotela.

Ne, nema dobrih hotela.
Ne znam da li ovde ima dobrih hotela.
dobra kafana
dobar restoran
velika ulica
lep trg
dobro pozorite
lep spomenik
Da li ima pismo od naih roditelja? Da, ima.

Ne, nema.
Da, ima pismo od naih roditelja.
Ne, nema pismo od naih roditelja.
naa majka
naa sestra
va prijatelj
Da li je hotel vaih prijatelja udoban Jeste.

i lep? Nije.
Jeste, hotel mojih prijatelja je
udoban i lepo
Ne, njihov hotel nije udoban i lepo
ao mi je, ali ne znam kakav je
njihov hotel.
vai roditelji
vaa sestra
taj covek
ta ~ena
The following sentences are for the same type of drill:
Da li su kue vaih prijatelja udobne i lepe?

Da li porodice vaih prijatelja putuju danas u Ljubljanu?
Repeat the above drills using the pattern:
Jeste li vi iz Jugoslavije?
248

Ovo je kua moga oca. Cija je ovo kua?
Ja stanujem u kui moga oca. U ijoj kui vi stanujete?
Ona zgrada preko puta spomenika je Koja je ono zgrada preko puta
Narodni muzej. spomenika?
Do nae kue (IDo nas) stanuje Ko stanuje do vae kue (Ido vas)?
g. Jovi.
Blizu naih kua ima jedan veliki Da li ima neki park blizu vaih kua?
park.
Od naih kua do parka nije daleko. Da li je daleko od vaih kua do parka?
Ima pismo od mog oca iz Cikaga. Da li ima pote? lOd koga ima pismo?
Pismo nije od mog oca, ve od moje Zar pismo nije od vaeg ocal
majke.
Jugoslaveni jedu mnogo mesa. Da li Jugoslaveni jedu mnogo mesa?

,
Jugoslaveni ne jedu mnogo mesa, vec Zar Jugoslaveni ne jedu mnogo mesa?
hleba.
Ima mnogo crnog vina. Koliko ima crnog vina?
Ovde ima nekoliko dobrih hotela. Da li ima ovde dobrih hotela?
Moji prijatelji odlaze ove nedelje Kad vai prijatelji odlaze na letovanje?
na letovanje.
,
Toma se vraa Sa letovanja idue Kad se Toma vraca sa letovanja?
nedelje.
11.6.1 A B
Da li vi stanujete u ovoj ulici? Da, stanujem. Ovo je moja kua.
Cija je ono kua preko puta vae? To je kua moga prijatelja gospodina
Jovanovia.
Ova kua do vae takoer je jako U toj kua stanuje brat gospoe
lijepa. Ko stanuje u njoj? Jovanovi.
249

Ovo je jako lijep kraj grada. Jest. I moja ~ena i ja volimo nau
kuu j ako mnogo.
Sve kue u ovoj ulici su jako lijepe Da" ovdje je jako lijepo i prijatno.
i blizu parka.
Kao to vidite" mi imamo mali park oko
kue.
Da" vidim.
~a ~H BH cTaHyjeTe y OBOj y~~H? ~a, cTaayjev. OBO je Koja Kyha.
~ja je OHO Ryha npeRO DyTa Bame? To je Ryha Mo~a DpHjaTe~a rocnO~HHa
JOBaHOBHha.
Osa Ryha ~O same TaKo~e je sp~o ~ena. Y TOj Kyha cTaayje 6paT ~ocno~e
JOBaHOBoh.
Ro cTaHyje y HOJ?
OBO je BP~O ~en Kpaj ~pa~a. JeCTe. H Moja zeHa a ja BOAHUO Hamy
Kyhy BP~O MHoro.
Cse Kyhe y OBOj y~UH cy BP~O ~ene H ~a, OB~e je BP~O ~eno H npHjaTHO.
6JJH3Y napKa.
Kao mTO BH~HTe, KH HMaMO Ma~ napK
ORO Ryhe.
Aa, BH~HM.
GD 11.6.2
Da li ima danas pote? Da" ima nekoliko pisama.
Od koga su? Ima jedno pismo od mog brata i sestre

sa ljetovanja.
Gdje su oni na ljetovanju. Pismo je iz Dalmacije, iz Dubrovnika.
U Dubrovniku je sada sigurno lijepo Da" oni kazu u pismu, da im je jako

i prijatno. lijepo i prijatno.
Kad se oni vrauju kui iz Oni se vraaju kui idue subote ili
Dubrovnika? nedjelje.
Od koga je drugo pismo? Drugo pismo je od mojih roditelja.
250

Da li su i oni na ljetovanju? Ne, nisu. Oni idu na ljetovanje eim

brat i sestra dou kui.
~a ~ HMa ~aHac nOlliTe? ~a, HMa HeRO~KO nHcaMa.
OA KOfla cy? HMa jeARo DRCMO OA MOI" 6paTa H cecTpe

ca ~eTOBaHa.
r~e cy OHU Ha ~eTOBa~? DHCMO je Ha ~a~a~Hje, Ha ~y6poBHHKa.
y ~Y6pOBHHRY je ca~a CHrypHO AeDO H ~a, OHH Kazy y nHcMy Aa HM je BP~O

npHjaTHO. ~eno H npHjaTHO.
Ka~ ce OHH Bpahajy RyhH Ha ~y6poBHHKa? OHH ce Bpahajy RYhH HAyhe cy60Te H~
ueAe.lle.
OA Kora je ~pyro nucMO? ~pyro DUCMO je OA MOjHX pOAHTe.lla.
Aa AH cy u OHH Ha ~eTOBa~? He, HHcy. OHH HAY Ha ~eTOBaRe ~HM
6paT H ceCTpa AO~y KyhH.
GD 11.6.3
Gdje je ovdje Narodni muzej? Vidite li onaj spomenik, tamo?
Vidim. Ciji je to spomenik? To je spomenik Kneza Mihaila.
Ona zgrada preko puta spomenika je

je Narodni muzej.
A koja je ona druga zgrada? To je Narodno kazalite.
I jedna i druga zgrada su lijepe

i velike.
Da li ima ovdje mnogo muzeja? Da, ima.

A kazalita? Ima i kazalita.
,
Spomenika nema mnogo, to vec vidim. Nema u gradu, ali ima na Kalemegdanu.
ta je Kalemegdan? Kalemegdan je brdo na kome je park.
BHAHTe ~ oBaj cnoueHHK, TaMO?
To je CDOMeHHK KHeaa MHxaH~.
251

OHa 3rpa~a opeRO nYTa cOOMeHHRa je

HaPO,D,HH Ky3ej.
A Koja je OBa ~pyra arpaAa? To je HapO,D,HO n030pHWTe.
~ jeAHa APyra 3rpaAa cy ~ene H Be~HKe.
Aa ~H HMa OBAe MHoro wY3eja? 11.a, IJMa.
A n030pHIDTa? HMa H 0030pH1lITa.
CnOMeHHKa HeMa MHoro, TO Beh BHAMU. HeMa y rpaAY, aAK HMa Ha Ka~eMerAaHY.
WTa je Ka~eMerAaH? Ka~eMerAaH je 6PAO Ha KOMe je napK.
l. Write out each of these sentences using the items listed.

,
Moj prijatelj nije iz vec iz (Skoplje Ljubljana)
Ima pismo od i (moj otac moja majka)
Mi stanujemo preko puta (jedan lep park)

,
Kuca moga prijatelja je do (Francuska ambasada)
Njegova kua je blizu (naa)
Ja ne pijem mnogo ni ni (pivo . vino)

,
Moj prijatelj ne ide u kafanu vec (svaki dan svaka sUbota)
Prtljag _ ve je donet sa zeleznicke (vai rodetilji)
stanice.
Va prtljag je donet na zeleznicku stanicu (va hotel)

iz
2. Make questions for the following sentences. Question words are given in
parentheses. Give a negative answer to each question wherever possible.
Ima pismo od oca iz Cikaga. ( /koe-a/ .

Mi odlazimo sutra u posetu kod majke. ( /koga/ .
252

Ima vina. (/da li/ .
Ovde ima nekoliko qobrih hotela. . ( . /li/ .
U Beogradu ima dobrih hotela. (/kakav/
Idue nedelje idem u Zagreb. (/da li/ .

I
Prtljag moje majke je donet sa zeleznicke (/da li/ .

stanice u hotel.
Ovo je kua gospodina Jovanovia. (/eij i/...
Zgrada Narodnog pozorita je vrlo lepa. (/kakav/
Ovo je zgrada Narodnog muzeja. (/koji/ ..
253

UNIT 12
Basic Sentences - Osnove re~enice
The Family -1 O obitelji -I O nOfOJ4HUH -1
What relatives (Iwhom') Koga lma'va prijatelj? Kora ~Ila' npuja Te.()?#
BaU!
does your friend have?
son sIn pl. sinovi CHH, ~H~OSH,

,
Gpl. sinova CHHOBa
I '
leeHy , I
He has a wife and a son. trna zenu i jednog sIna. Mila H jeAHor CHBa.
,
to call zvati, zovem 3saTH, 30seu
, J
he is called (rhe bn se zove OH ce 30se
calls himself')
l
Whatrs his name? Kako se bn zove? RaKO ce OB
J
3~se?#
B
l , ,
His name is Marko Savi. On se zove rdrko Savic. ~B ce 30Be MaPKO CaBHh.
or,
name ime G. imena pl. Bile, HMeHa

imena G. im~na ,
KNeRa, aNeRa - -
I , .. , J.
Njegovo ime je M!rko HeroBo HMe je MapKo CaBHh.
Savi.
to know pozn~vati, poznajem
somebody, some one neko HeKO
254

I , I I ... I , l
Do you know anyone of his Da li poznajete nekoga Aa ~ noaHajeTe HeKO~ OA
family (Isomeone of hisl)?
od njegovIh? ~~osii:x?#
B
a long time ago od~vno OAaSHO
Yes, Ilve known his

brother and his sister
.. I
Da, poznajem odavno
,
l
I . l
Aa, n03HajeM OASSKO HerOSor
I
' 'l
for a long time. njegovog brata i 6paTS H cecTpy.
sestru.
A
I
And do you know his wife? A poznaj~te li
njegovu zenu?
her H:>y
I
Yes, I know her, too. Da, p~najem i njU. Aa, n~3HajeM'~ ~.
them njIh, ih lLHX, HX
l ..
I know them all. Pozna:j~m ih sve.
l l l
His wife knows you. Herosa *eHa n03Hsje ssc.
I
vas.
to remember sjeati se, cehSTH ce, cehaM ce

sjeam se
of her nj~, je He, je

I I J. .!
Don l t you remember her Zar se vl ne sjeate 3sp ce SH He cehaTe He?
(tof herr)? nj~?
No, I dontt remember her.
no one niko HI~KO
255

I ' l
I don't know anyone of them. Ne pbznajem nikoga od He n03HajeK HHKora OA ~x.
At Home Kod kue
here tu
Ty
I " I l ,
There is a man here, Th je jedan ovjek, Ty je jeAaH ~oBeK, rocno~o.
ma'am.
gospoo.
to be looking for tr~ziti, tr~zIm
I J. I
He's looking for Mr. Smith. Tr~zI gospbdina Srni ta. TpaEH rocnOAHHa CMHTa.
to let pustiti, da pustIm nycTHTH, Aa nycTHK
letI pustite nycTHTe
inside unutra YHYTP& / yHyTpa
Let him in. PUstite galunutra. n~cTHTe ral~HYTpa.

D
I I I I
Good afternoon, maram. Dobar d~n, gospoo. J,l.o6ap AaH, rocno~o.
I I I I
Good afternoon, sir. Dobar d~n, gospodine. JJ.o6ap AaH, rocnOAHHe.
but
V, I I # J. J " I
l'm sorry, my husband Zao mi je, ali moj Eao MH j e, a~H MOJ MY~ HHje
isn1t at home. He l s I
still at the office. mU nije kod kUe. K~A Kyhe. Jom jely
Jo jelu Uredu.
hour, orclock s~t Gpl. s~t! jura caT, caTH

, I'
at what time u koliko s~tI y I(O.7IHKO caTH

I
I I l l
What time does he come U koliko sati on y KOJIHKO caTH OH AOJIa3H
home? I
#
dolazi kui? KyhH?
half pola nOJIa

I
He usually comes home bn obino dolazi kuci
I I ,
~H ~6H'JHO
,ZJ;OJIa3H K;hH'y
at six thirty. I
I
u pola sedam. nOJJa ceAa:M.
to wait up to the saekati, da ca'JeK8TH, Aa ca~eKaK
point of arrival
sacekam
or, priekati, da
priekam
Ako imate vremena

l J. ..
AKO HwaTe speMeHa :MO~eTe
J'
If you have the time,
you can wait until he
comes. moete ga prIekati. ra ca'JeKaTH.
long dug, -a, -o AY!', -a, -O
long (adv. ) dugo
to be waiting for ekati, ekam 'JeKaTH, 'JeKall

l
Ilm sorry, but it1s too Izvinite, ali dugo mi H3aHHHTe, aJIH ,ZJ;yro MH je
long for me to wait. I l
je ekati. Aa 'JeKaM.
spring proljee np0J1eh6
always uvijek yaeK
this kind ovakav, ovakva, -o, oaaKaB, osaKBa, -o

10vakI, ovaka, -o I OBaKB, OSaKa, -o
,
thus, this way ovako OsaKo
257

Is spring always this

. .,
Da li je proljece kod
a
la ~P
a
je npoAehe KOA
,
beautiful in your
country (rwith your)? v!s UVijeklovako - 'ayael< oaaRO
aac I
lijepo? " #
~eno?
~j I _ _ _
the most beautiful Ha ~enmM, -a, -e
yearly, annual godinjI, -~, -e

Yes, spring is the most Da, proljee je kod '# I ,
~a, npo~ehe je KOA
beautiful season of the I I _ 'J.
year here (rwith us l ). n~s njljepe Hac I
Haj~enme
godinje doba.
,
pertaining to spring proljetnjI, -e -~, npOAeTHH, -a, -8
/proljenjI, -a, -e /npoAehHM, -a, -5
/proljetnI, -a, -o /npOAeTHM, -a, -5
,
fresh, cool sVje~, sVje~a caeE, -a, -e
/svje~a, -e
Both the spring days and Proljetni

dani
Li" noci npO~eTHM'H AtHM H HohH
nights are pleasant and I
fresh. su prijatni i sVje~i. Cy'nPHjaTHH H cBe~H.
Grammatical Notes
Note 12.1 Noun: Accusative of Masculine Animate Noun
Ima zenu i jednog sina.

Da, poznajem odavno njegovog brata i sestru.
Trai gospodina Smita.
/s!na/, /brata/, /gospodina/ are all forms identical with the genitive but
occurring as direct objects of verbs, parallel with the accusatives /~enu/ and
/sestru/. All three nouns are masculine and share a particular feature: they
refer to animate (living) beings. The masculine nouns which have the accusative
the same as the nominative (as /gr~d/, /hotel/, /bioskop/, /jezik/) refer to
objects in themselves inanimate. (Parts of living beings, such as /jezik/
'tongue' are not classified as animate.) Only beings which have animal life are
classified as animate. Trees and other plants are treated as inanimate.
258

Compare, for example,
Animate Inanimate
N prijatelj sIn otac ovek da.n gra.d spomenIk put

,
A prijatelja sIna oca oveka d~n gr~d spomenIk put
,
G prijatelja sIna oca oveka da.na gr~da spomenIka puta
,
D prijatelju sInu ocu oveku d~nu gr~du spomeniku piltu
/d~nu /grifdu
Note 12.2 Pronoun: Accusative and Genitive
Njegova ena poznaje vas. Zar se vi ne seate nje?

,
Pustite ga unutra. Ne, ne secam je se.
Moete ga saekati. Ne poznajem nikoga od njih.
Poznajem ih sve. Koga ima va prijatelj.
Poznajem i nju. Da li poznajete nekoga od njegovih?
Most of the pronouns have the same forms for accusative and genitive. This
is not so apparent as with the nouns, as the most frequent forms used are in
general different for the two. Compare:
Personal Pronouns
~
,
N j~ tl on, ona
,
A mene me tebe tE. njega ga nJU je, ju
, ,
G mene me tebe te njega ga nj~ je
, ,
N ml vl oni, one, ona
, ,
A nas nas vas vas ih
, ,
G nas nas vas vas njIh ih
The feminine InjU, ju/ are the only forms not identical with the genitive.
(/ju/ is given here for the sake of completeness. For its use see Note 17.1.2).
259

As the object of verbs, the unstressed forms of the accusative are far
more frequent than the stressed, as in most cases there is no emphasis on the
pronoun object. After prepositions which take the accusative (such as /za/) the
long form is normal (Iza menel). The genitive is most frequently used after
prepositions (such as 10d/), and the stressed form is normal there, also. Ex-
amples of stressed accusative (njUl) and of unstressed genitive (/jel in
/se~am je sei) are given above. They are normal forms in normal use. (Note the
use of the genitive as the direct object of Iseati sei Ito remember'.)
Other pronouns
N ko neko n1ko t5 ta
A koga nekoga n1koga t5 ta
G koga nekoga n1koga toga ega
Inekol fsomeone l In1ko/ Ino one'.

Note the prefix forms of /ko/ twho':
The last, /n1kol, does not occur after prepositions. Instead, the negative Ini/
precedes the preposition and the proper form of /ko/ follows it: Ini od koga/
Ifrom no one J Inil is the negative of Iii 'also, even, and'.
Words such as /t~jl 'that J /m5jl tmy', etc. follow the pattern of the noun
they modify. NA /moj hoteli but AG /moga prijatelja/. They are pronominal
adjectives and are given separate treatment in the notes.
Note 12.3 Syntax: Case and Word Order
Jedan ovek eka vaeg brata.
Vaeg brata ceka jedan covek.
These examples are from the Grammatical Drill. The different forms of
nominative and accusative make possible both word orders: Subject - Verb -
Object /andl Object - Verb - SUbject. The latter order is used for emphasis OI'
other stylistic effect but is perfectly normal and unambiguous. Thorough

familiarity with case forms and their relationship to the verb will facilitate
understanding of such not infrequent constructions.
Note 12.4 Enclitics: Review

The pronoun forms in Notes 10.2 and 12.2 provide a more complete list of
260

enclitics. Following the order in Note 8.1 we have:
l 2 3 4 5
li sam mi me je
si ti te se
smo mu ga
ste joj je/ju
su nam nas
vam vas
im ih
(A still more complete listing is found in Note 20.2.)
Grammatical Drill

GD 12.1.1 Without Adjectives
Ima jedno pismo iz Jugoslavije, za brata. otac

Nema nijedno pismo is Jugoslavije, za brata. Jovan
gospodin Popovi
Moj prijatelj ima brata u Jugoslaviji. otac

Moj prijatelj nema ~ u Jugoslaviji, nego sestru. sin
Mi cekamo ~, koji dolazi iz Zagreba. otac

Mi ne cekamo brata, ve sestru, koja dolazi iz Zagreba. sin
prijatelj
Pustite brata unutra. Jovan

otac
gospodin Jovi
Majka zove brata da doe kod nje. otac

.-
Majka ne zove ~ da doe kod nje, vec sestru. sin
Marko
Jovan
261

GD 12.1.2 With AdJectives
Oni poznaju odavno Zorinog brata. Tomin otac /Tomov

Oni ne poznaju odavno Zorinog brata. va~ prijatelj gospodin
Popovi
Ovaj ~ovek trazi Zorinog brata. Zorin muz gospodin

Jovanovi
Ovaj ~ovek ne trazi Zorinog brata, ve va~eg oca. njen brat Toma /Tomov
Ova gospoica eka Zorinog brata.

,
Ova gospoica ne ceka Zorinog brata, vec vas.
GD 12.1.3 Genitive of the Personal Pronouns

Use the genitive form of the pronouns listed for substitution.
Stressed Forms:
Gospodin i gospoa Jovi stanuju blizu~. / ... Ivi

Gospodin i gospoa Jovi ne stanuju blizu ~ nego blizu Narodnog muzeja.
Moji roditelji dolaze sutra u posetu kod ~.

,
Moji roditelji ne dolaze sutra u posetu kod mene vec prekosutra.
Jovan radi i zna vie od~. /Ivan

Jovan ne radi i ne zna vie od ~.
Jovii se seaju mene, ali se ne seaju gospodina Srni ta.

Jovii se ne seaju~, ali se seaju gospodina Smita.
Smitovi stanuju preko puta ~.

Smitovi ne stanuju preko puta ~, ve preko puta Amerike ambasade.
ti on ona mi vi oni
Unstressed Forms - Enclitics

Jovan me se sea, ali njegova sestra me se ne sea. ti
Jovan me se ne sea, ali njegova sestra me se sea. on
Oni ~ se seaju sletovanja. ona

Oni me se ne seaju sletovanja. mi
Seaju ~ se. vi
Ne seaju me se. oni
262

Noun-Pronoun Drill
In the sentence a noun in the genitive is used. The corresponding pronoun

should be substituted for the noun, as illustrated in parentheses for the
first sentence.
Jovii stanuju blizu mog brata. (Jovii stanuju blizu ~.)

,
Jovici stanuju blizu moje majke.
Jovii stanuju blizu mene i mog brata.
,
Jovici stanuju blizu vas i vae sestre.
Jovii stanuju blizu mojih roditelja.
Following are sentences for the same drill:
Oni dolaze sutra u posetu kod mog brata.

Gospoica Smit uci i zna vie od mog brata.
Oni stanuju preko puta mog brata.
Zora sedi u pozoritu do mog brata.
Seam se Jovana. (Seam 2 se.)

Seam se Zore.
On se sea mene i moje ene.
On se sea vas i vae gospoe.
Secamo se Jovana i njegovih.
GD 12.1.4 Accusative of the Personal Pronouns
Make the indicated substitutions, using the correct form of the pronoun.
Stressed Forms:
v
Ima jedno pismo za ~ J iz Cikaga. ti
Nema nijedno pismo za ~J iz Cikaga. on
Gospodin Jovi poznaje i ~ i Zoru. ona

Gospodin Jovi ne poznaje ni ~ ni Zoru. mi
Ti ljUdi trae ~' a ne vas. vi

,
Ti ljUdi ne trae ~' vec vas. oni
Otac zove ~' a ne Jovana.

Otac ne zove ~' nego Jovana.
263

Unstressed Forms - Enclitics:
Gospodin Jovi ~ dobro poznaje. ti

Gospodin Jovi me ne poznaje dobro. on
Otac ~ mnogo voli. ona

Otac me ne voli mnogo. mi
Jovan i Zora me trae. vi

Jovan i Zora me ne trae. oni
Ako brat irna vremena moze me sa~ekati.
Ako brat nema vremena ne treba da ~ ceka.

Ako brat nema vremena neka ~ ne eka.
Brat me zove da stanujem kod njega.

Brat me ne zove da stanujem kod njega.
GD 12.1.5 Noun-Pronoun Drill
Ima pismo za Jovana. (Ima pismo za ~.)

Ima pismo za Zoru.
Ima pismo za mene i Jovana.
Ima pismo za vas i vaeg brata.
Ima pismo za Jovie.
Other sentences for drill:
Gospoda poznaju Jovana, a ne Tomu.

Ovi ljudi trae Zoru, a ne Tomu.
Ovaj gospodin zove vaeg orata, a ne Tomu.
Ti ljudi ekaju vau majku, ne Tomu.
Gospoda poznaju Jovana. (Gospoda ~ poznaju.)

Gospoda poznaju nau sestru.
Gospoda poznaju oca i mene.
Gospoda poznaju vas i vaeg brata.
Gospoda poznaju vae roditelje.
264

Ovi ljudi traze Jovana.

Ovaj gospodin zove Jovana.
Gospodin Jovi ne voli Jovana.
Jedan ovek eka Jovana.
GD 12.2 Word Order Inversion Drill
Make a new sentence, putting the underlined items first.
Jedan ovek eka gospou i gospodina Gospou i gospodina Smita eka jedan
Srni ta. ovek.
Jedan ovek eka vaeg brata. Vaeg brata eka jedan ovek.
Jedan ovek eka vaeg oca i majku. Vaeg oca i majku eka jedan ovek.
Jedan ovek eka vasu sestru i brata. Vau sestru i brata eka jedan ovek.
The following sentences are to be drilled in the same way:
Poznajem dobro i gospodina i gospou Smit.

Jedan gospodin trazi gospou i gospodina Srni ta.
Neko iz ambasade zove gospou i gospodina Srni ta.

GD 12.3.1.1 For Masculine Animate Nouns in Accusative Singular
Koga ima va prijatelj u Jugoslaviji? Ima oca.

Nema nikoga.
Moj prijatelj ima ~ u Jugoslaviji.
Moj prijatelj nema nikoga u Jugoslaviji
Ne znam da li on ima koga (/nekoga)
u Jugoslaviji. Mozda ima.
brat sin star otac

For additional drill: Koga eka Jovan na eleznikoj stanici?
Za koga ima pismo? Za ~.
Ima pismo za oca.

Nema pismo ni za koga.

Ne znam da li ima pismo za nekoga.

Verovatno da nema.
brat va sin Toma Jovan

Zorin otac gospodin Jovi
Da li vi cekate nekoga 111 putujete, Cekam~, ne putujem.

Jovane? Ne cekam nikoga. Putujem u Zagreb.
svoj brat otac i majka jedan prijatelj
Koga ima ovde Zora? Ima muza.

Nema nikoga.
Ona ima ovde muza.
Ona nema ovde nikoga.
Ne znam da li ona ima koga ovde.
Verovatno ima nekoga.
otac brat sin suprug
For additional drill:
Koga trai Zora?

Koga zove Zora?
Koga cekaju g. i g-a Jovi? Cekaju njihovog sina.

Ne cekaju nikoga.
Trae neka obavetenja za put u
Nemacku.
Tomin otac njihov prijatelj g. Jovanovi
Koga trae Jovan i Zora?
Ko trai gospodina Jovia? Savetnik Americke ambasade g. Smit.

Trai ga savetnik Americke ambasade
g. Smit.
Ne trai ga niko.
Ne znam ko ga trai.
266

moj brat Toma moj muz moj otac gospodin i gospoda Savi
Ko zove gospodina Jovia?
GD 12.3.1.2 Genitive of the Personal Pronouns
Ko od naih prijatelja stanuje blizu vas? Jovii stanuju blizu mene.

Niko od naih prijatelja ne
stanuje blizu mene.
Jovan Zora
vi i va otac Jovan i Toma
Ko stanuje do vas?
Ko stanuje preko puta vas?
Ko sedi u pozoritu do ~.
Ko se jo sea g. Smita u Beogradu? Toma ga se JOB sea.

Niko ga se vie ne sea.
Ne znam da li ga se jo neko sea.
Zora ja i moja zena Zora i Jovan
Ko me se jo sea u Beogradu? Toma vas se jo sea.

Niko vas se vie ne sea.
Ne znam da li vas se jo neko sea.
Verovatno, da.
ti on ona mi vi oni
GD 12.3.1.3 Accusative of the Personal Pronouns
Za koga ima pismo? Ima pismo za ~ .

Nema pismo ni za koga.
Ne znam da li ima pote za koga.
Ne znam da li ima pote za nekoga.
Verovatno da nema.
mi vi Toma i ja vi i vaa zena
267

Koga traze ovi ljudi? Trae ~.

Ne trae nikoga.
Oni sigurno trae mene.
Ne znam koga oni trae.
Izvinite, ali ne znam koga oni
trae.
Koga poznaju g. i g-a Smit u Poznaju ~.
Beogradu? Ne alost ne poznaju nikoga.

G. i g-a Smit poznaju ~ .
Ne znam da li oni poznaju koga
ovde. Verovatno da ne poznaju
nikoga.
v
Koga cekaju vai prijatelji g. i g-a Cekaju ~.
Jovi? Ne cekaju nikoga. Oni sigurno

putuju.
Oni sigurno cekaju ~.
Ne znam koga oni ~ekaju.
Ko vas ovde poznaje, gospodine? Poznaje me g. Jovanovi.

Na alost, ne poznaje me niko.
Ko poznaje ovde vaeg brata, gospodine? Poznaje ga g. Jovanovi.

Na alost, niko ga ne poznaje.
on Jovan ona vaa majka

mi vi i va otac oni Toma i Jovan

Ko ~ ceka na stanici, gospoo?
Ko vas zove, gospoice?
Ko vas trai, gospodo?

GD 12.3.2.1 For Masculine Animate Nouns in Accusative Singular
Da li Jovan ima koga u Jugoslaviji? Da, ima ~.

Ne, nema nikoga.
Da, Jovan ima oca u Jugoslaviji.
268

Ne, Jovan nema nikoga u

Jugoslaviji.
Ne znam da li Jovan ima koga u
Jugoslaviji. Verovatno nema
nikoga.
jedan prijatelj brat sin
Da li g. i g-a Jovi poznaju Jovanovog Da, poznaju ga.
brata? Ne, ne poznaju ga.
Da, oni poznaju dobro Jovanovog
~.
Ne, oni ne poznaju Jovanovog brata.
va otac vi i va prijatelj moj otac i majka
Da li neko ceka mog brata? Da, ceka ga.

Ne, ne ceka ga.
Da, jedan covek ceka vaeg brata.
Ne, niko ne ceka vaeg brata.
moj otac i ja vas prijatelj vi i va prijatelj Jovan i Toma
Da li neko trai mog brata?

Da li neko zove mog brata?
GD 12.3.2.2 Genitive of the Personal Pronouns
Da li vai prijatelji stanuju blizu vas? Da, stanuju.

Ne, ne stanuju.
Da, moji prijatelji stanuju blizu
mene.
Ne, moji prijatelji ne stanuju
blizu mene.
Jovan Zora vi i va brat Jovan i Zora

on ona vi (pl.) oni
Da li Jovan uci i zna vie od vas?

Da li vai roditelji dolaze sutra u posetu kod vas?
Da li porodica Smit stanuje preko puta vas?
Da li gospoica Jovi sedi u pozoritu do vas?
269

,
Da li me se seate? Da, secam vas se.
,
Ne, ne secam vas se.
Naravno, seam vas se vrlo dobro.
ao mi je, ali ne seam vas se.
on ona mi oni
Jovan
Zora
Jovan i Zora
GD 12.3.2.3 Accusative of the Personal Pronouns

Da li ima po~te za Jovana? Da, ima.
Ne, nema.
Na, ima jedno pismo za njega.
Ne, nema pote za njega.
ja Zora Zora i Toma Zora i ja g. i g-a Jovi
Da li vi traite moga brata Jovana, Da, traim ga.

gospodine? Ne, ne traim ga.
Da, ja trazim vaeg brata Jovana.
Ne, ja ne traim njega nego vas.
moj mu moja sestra ja i moja ena moji roditelji
Da li g. Smit poznaje moga brata Jovana, gospoo?
The above drills may be repeated using the following pattern and making the
necessaryadaptations:
Ima li Jovan koga u Jugoslaviji?
Moj prijatelj ima porodicu ovde. Da li va prijatelj ima porodicu ovde?

On ima zenu i jednog sina. Koga on ima?
Njegov sin se zove Marko. Kako se zove njegov sin?
ISin mu se zove Marko. IKako mu se zove sin?
270

Ja imam jednog prijatelja u Beogradu. Da li imate prijat~lja u Beogradu?
Nemam nikoga u Beogradu. Da li imate nekoga u Beogradu?
Poznajem g. Jovia. On je jedan Da li poznajete g. Jovia?

od mojih prijatelja.
Mi se seamo naih prijatelja u Da li se seate vaih prijatelja u

Jugoslaviji. Jugoslaviji?
Ja traim gospodina Smita. Koga traite, gospodine? Ita elite,

gospodine?
Gospodina Smita trai jedan covek. Ko trai gospodina Smita?
Pustite toga gospodina unutra. Da li da pustim toga coveka unutra?
Izvinite, ali ja vas se ne seam, Da li me se seate, gospoo?

gospodine.
Ja se seam vaeg brata. Da li se seate moga brata?
Hvala ali ne mogu da sedim. Izvolte sesti, gospodine.
ao mi je ali nemam vremena da cekam Da li imate vremena da sacekate moga

gospodina Smita. mua?
On dolazi kui oko sedam sati. Kad on dolazi kui?
Kod nas je prolee uvek lepo. Da li je u Jugoslaviji prolee uvek lepo?
Kod njih su noi uvek sveze. Da li su kod njih noi uvek sveze?
Kod nas cesto pada kia. Da li kod vas cesto pada kia?

GD 12.5.1
A B
Kako se zove va prijatelj? On se zove Sava Popovi.
Odakle je on? On je iz jednog mjesta blizu Novog Sada.
Kako se zove to mjesto? To mjesto se zove Kamenica.
Je li to veliko mjesto. Nije, ali je jako lijepo.
Da li va prijatelj ima porodicu? Jest, ima zenu i sina.
Kako se zove njegova ena? Zovu je Zora, ali njeno ime je Zorka.
271

Da li mu je sin veliki? Nije, Mali je.
Kako se zove njegov sin? Zove se Marko.
KaKO ce 30Be Bam npHjaTe~? OR ce 30Be CaBa ITonoBHh.
O~aKJIe je OR? OH je B3 je~Hor ueCTa 6JIH3y Hosor CaAa.
KaKO ce 30se TO ueCTO? To MecTO ce 30se KaMeHH~.
Je JIH TO Be~HICO ueCTO? HHje, aJIH je BpJIO JIeno.
JeCTe, Hua xeHy H CBRa.
~aKO ce 30se HerOsa xeRa? 30BY je 30pa, aJIH HeHO Hue je 30plCa.
~a JIH uy je CBR SeJIHICH? HHje. MaJIH je.
KalCo My ce 30se CBR? 30Be ce MapICO.
GD 12.5.2
Poznajete li vi gospodina Savia? Da, poznajem ga.
A poznajete li njegov~ zenu gospou Da, poznajem i nju i njega.

Savi?
Kakvi su oni ljudi? Jako su dobri ljudi.
Da li ih dobro poznajete? Oni stanuju Da, mi se poznajemo odavno. Zato

preko puta nas. pitate?
Moja zena poznaje gospou Savi i Ne treba nita da brinete.
odlazi kod nje. Savii su dobro drutvo za vas i vau

zenu.
Milo mi je. Hvala na obavjetenju.
n08HajeTe JIH BH rocnO~HHa CasHha? ll.a, n03Hajell ra.
A n03HajeTe .lIH HeroBy ~eHY rocno~y ll.a, n03Hajeu H ~ H Hera.

CaBIi ll?
XalCBH cy OEH ~Y~H? BpJIO cy ~06PH ~y~H.
272

~a ~ HX ~opo n03HajeTe? OH~ ~a, MH ce n03HajeMo o~aBHO.

cTaHyjy npeKO nyTa Hac. 3amTO nHTaTe?
Moja ~eHa n03Haje rocno~y CaBHh H He Tpea HHmTa ~a pHHeTe. CaB~hH cy

H O,lJ.JIa3H KOP. He. ,lJ.o6po ,lJ.pywTBO 3a Bac H BallY ~eHY.
MH~O UH je. XBaJIa Ha oaBemTe~y.
GD 12.5.3
Dobar dan, Jovane. Dobar dan, Tomo.
ta radite vi na kolodvoru? Da Ne, cekam oca i majku.
ne putujete?
Gdje su vai roditelji? Oni danas dolaze iz Splita, s ljetovanja.
Koga vi cekate?
Ne cekam nikoga. Ja putujem. Gdje putujete?
Putujem u Dalmaciju na ljetovanje. U koje mjesto idete?
Idem u Makarsku. Idete li sad prvi put u Makarsku?
Da, prvi put. Poznajete li vi Da, poznajem je vrlo dobro.

Makarsku?
Da li je Makarska lijepo mjesto za Jeste. U Makarskoj je ljetovanje

ljetovanje? jako prijatno.
Milo mi je. Hvala na obavjetenju.
~oap ~aH, JOBaBe. ~oap ~aB, TOMO.
lliTa pa~HTe BH Ha CTaHHnH?

JJ.a He nYTyjeTe?
r~e cy BamH pO~HTe~H? OHH ~aHac AOJIa3e Ha Cn~Ta, C ~eTOBaHa.

Kora BH 1ieKaTe?
He 1ieKaM HHKora. Ja nYTyjeu. rAe nYTyjeTe?
nYTyjeM y JJ.a~aUHjy Ha ~eTOBaHe. Y Koje MeCTO HAsTe?
JJ.a, npSH nYT. n03HajeTe ~H BH MaKapcKy? JJ.a, nocaajeM je BP~O ~o6po.
273

~a ~H je MaKapcKa Aeno MecTO aa JecTe. Y MaKapcKoj je JIeTOBaHe SpJIO

JIe Toaa:ae ? npHjaTHO.
MBJIO MH je. XaaJIa Ha 06aBelliTe~.

GD 12.6.1 Complete the ~ollowing sentences using the words in parentheses.
Otac _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ zove se Vladimir. (Marko i Sava Savi)
Kua _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ je lepa i udobna. (moj brat Vladimir)
Gospoo, ima jedna poruka za (va suprug)
Ovaj covek ceka (vi i gospodin Savi)

,
(ja _ _ _ _ vi)
Ovi ljudi ne trae
----- vec
Poznajem dobro i i (va brat
---- va otac)
trai jedan gospodin. (ona)

Oni stanuju blizu _ (mi)
Seam se dobro i
----- i (va otac
---- va brat)
Ne seamo (on)
----- se.
GD 12.6.2 Write out sentences l - 4 with the object at the beginning o~
each sentence. In sentences 5 - 10 substitute the corresponding pronouns

for the underlined nouns.
l. Neki ljudi traze Jovana i Tomu.
2. Gospodin Savi ceka savetnika Smita.
3. Jedna gospoa zove gospodina Smita.
4. Neki ljudi ih cekaju.
5. On poznaje Jovana, ali ne poznaje Zoru.
6. Traimo Jovana i Zoru.
274

7. Otac voli sestru vie nego mene i brata.
8. Otac voli mnogo sestru.

,
9. Oni se secaju gospodina Smita.
10. Jovan eka roditelje na eleznikoj stanici.
275

UNIT 13
Going Out Izlazak
I
We1re going to the movies Veeras idemo u kIno.
this evening.
,
_I
to be giving d~vati, d~jem ,naaaTH, ,lI,ajeM
is given, is being ,Ilaje ce

given
Yugoslav JugoslavenskI, -a,

-el
film, picture film, pl. filmovi
I I J
A Yugoslav picture is Daje se jedan jugo- ~aje ce je,ll,aH jyro-
being shown (IgivenI). , I , " tf'BJIII.
slavenskI film. CJIOaeHCKH
to cost k5tati, k6ta KOD1TaTH, KomTa
or, stajati, stoJI cTajaTH, cTaje
ticket ulaznica
... I I, I #
How much does the Koliko kota ulaznica? KOJIHKO KOillTa y~3HH~?
ticket cost?
I, I #
or, Koliko stoj i ulaznica? KOJJHKO cTaja y~3HH~a?
hundred st~ CTO
dinar dinar / dinar ,lI,HHap / ,lI,HHap

I I J ~ J.
(The ticket costs) one Ulaznica stojI sto Y~3HH~a KomTa CTO ,lIHHapa.
hundred dinars.
dinara.
to will, want htjeti, hou XTeTH, xoh.y
276

you will, you want hoete
with s / sa e, ea
,
with us s nama e HaMa
free slobodan, e~060~aH, e~060~Ha, -o

slobodna, -o
l
Would you like to go Hoete li ii s nama, ~a ~H xoheTe ~a H~eTe e
with us (if youire free)?
ako ste slobodni? HaMa, ~KO eTe e~~60~HH?#
willingly, gladly rado pa~o
,, ,#
BP~O p~~o~ ~~H
I
lid be glad to, but I Hocu j~ko rado, ali X6hY Tpe6a
need some Yugoslav money.
MH H~mTo jyrOe~~BeHeKrl
slavenskog n5vca. HOB~a.
to exchange, change promijeniti, da npoMeHHTH,

promijenIm ~a npOMeHHIl
five p~t neT
dollar dolar ~OJJ8.p
I
Can you change five Da li mi moete ~a ~ Mo*eTe Aa MH
dollars into dinars I
for me? promijeniti p~t npOKeHHTeln~T ~6~8pa
dolara u dinare? y ~~Hape?#
to have to, must m5rati, m5ra:m IlopaTH, Mopau:
official zvanian, zvanina, 3B~HH~aH, 3BaHH~Ha, -o

-o /sluben, -a, -o /e~E6eH, -a, -o
No, you have to change Ne, vl m6rate He, B~ M~paTe Aa np6u:eHHTe
dollars through official I , ,
.. I I ..
channels (Iby official promijeniti dolare ~o~pe 3BaHH~HHM nyTeM.
way r ).
slubenim putem.
277

to loan poz~jmiti, da noaajMHTR, ,tla
poza:jmIm nOBaJMQ
J
or, posUditi, da nocYAHTR, Aa OOCYAHK
postIdIm
a couple (with dvije-tr! /

feminine nouns) dvijetrI
a couple (with dva-tr! / dvitr!) Asa-TpH / AS&TPH

masculine nouns)
..
thousand tisua
Can you lend me two or Da. li mi moete

~ ~

MozeTe Aa KH
three thousand dinars? I
posUditi dvije-tri noaajMHTe Ase-Tp.
tisue dina:ra:?
XR...,._ . ' ?#
ARKipa
A
,
that big tolik!, -a, -5 TOJIBKH, -a, -o
that much, that many toliko TOJIHKO
ever
,
whatever KaKO :rOA
I
Yes, I can. I have Jest, mOfu. Toliko iJ,.&, )'(01"'y.
that many (rdinars l ).
dinara imam.
Whatever you like.

, I ,,
Kako god hocete.
, ..,'
KaKo reop, xoheTs.
enough dovoljno AOBO~HO
All right, thatis enough U r~du. T5 je ~ P~AY. T~ je A~BO~HO'3a

for this evening. , I ,
dovoljno za ve~eras. Be~epac.
What time is it?

two (with masculine dva Asa

and neuter nouns)
ten des~t AeceT

I , "
It1s ten past two. Sada su dv~ i deset. CaAa je' AS: HAeceT.
or~
minute mfnut~ Gpl minUt~
to pass by pri~ da prbem
passed prao~ prla~ -o npomao, npomJl8., -o

I
It1s now ten past two. Sada su dv! s~ta i C~Aa je A~ceT MHH~Ta'
(-two olclock and ten t _
minutes l / 1ten minutes deset minUta. npom.no Asa.

have passed two l )
to be beginning~ p~injati~ p~inj~ nO~HH8TH, nO~HHe
begin
I
C~THI n~~HHe
I
What time does the movie U koliko sati po~inJe y KO.1lHKO
start? #
k:fno? 6aocKon?
,
eight osam ocaK
~ I I, " t'
The movie starts at eight. Klno po~inje u osam. EHocKon nO~HHe y ocaK.
schedule raspor~d pacnopeA
after poslije noc.ne
before prlje npe -

noon padne (n. indecl.)
t
afternoon, P.M. poslije padne noc.ne nOARe
_ J.
before noon, A.M. prlje pbdne npe nOAHe
279

What1s your schedule for Kakav je va raSPored' ~KaB je Bam ~cnopeAI 3a

this afternoon? 1##
za pbslije p5dne? noc~e nOAHe?
to go, leave otii, da odem
duty dUnost (f.) AYJlCHOCT
I I I
First, I have to go to Prvo m5ram btii u llpso Tpe6a Aa OAeK Y
the embassy to report I
for duty. ambas~du, da se aK6aciAY! Aa ce j;SHK
j!vim na dUnost. Ha AYZXOCT.

I I
Then I have to go to the Onda m5ram btii na OHAa Tpe6a Aa OAeK Ha
railroad station to see I I 'I
about my luggage. kolodvor, da vidim Ee~e3SHqKY cTaHHUY Aa
I J
SHAHK 3a MOj npT~r.
A
I ,
J I
You have plenty of time. Dnate dovoljno HMaT8 A08~O 8peK8sa
..
vremena.
Grammatical Notes
Note 13.1 Cardinal Numerals - Obicni brojevi

Note 13.1.1 Cardinal Numeral s Form - Obicni brojevi: oblik
,
l jedan, jedna, jedno 13 trInaest 40 cetrdeset
..
2 dva, dv~ /dvlje 14 cetrnaest 50 pedeset
3 trI 15 petnaest 60 ezdeset / ~set
4 etiri 16 esnaest 70 sedamdeset
5 p~t 17 sedamnaest 80 osamdeset
6 ~st 18 osamnaest 90 devedeset
7 sedam 19 devetnaest 100 sta / stotina
..
8 osam 20 dV~deset 200 dvesta / dv~ stotine
9 devet 21 dV~deset jedan 300 trista / trI stotine
10 deset 22 dV~deset dV~ 400 cetiristo / cetiri
II jedanaest 23 dV~deset trI stotine
12 dv~naest 30 trIdeset 500 p~tsto / p~t stotIna
280

600 ~ststo I ~st stotina

700 sedamsto I sedam stotIna
800 osamsto I osam stotIna
900 devetsto I devet stotIna
1.000 hiljada I tisua
1,000.000 , I
milion '
milijOn
Note use of period for thousand where English uses a comma.
Note 13.1.2 Cardinal Numbers: Usage - Obini brojevi: upotreba
l. Daje se jedan jugoslovenski film.

Mojim prijateljima i meni donesite po jedno vino.
Kelner, donesite mi molim jo jednu kafu.
On ne govori nijedan stran jezik.
2. Sada je dva sata.
2-3(000) Mogu da vam pozajmim dve-tri hiljade dinara.
5 Mozete li da mi promenite pet dolara u dinare?
100 Ulaznica kota sto dinara.
The numeral l is an adjective and agrees with the noun - Ijedan filmi,
ljedno vinoi, ljedno prvol, Ijednu kaful, Ijednog srna/. All numbers ending in
Ijedani are followed by the singular form of the noun (if there is asingular).
rOne mani is Ijedan ovek/. The next number ending in Ijedani is I twenty-one I
so 'twenty-one meni is Idv~deset i jedan ovek/. Any number ending in ljedanl,
no matter how high, has the same pattern: Ihiljadu i jedan ovekl 11001 meni,
Ihl1jadu i jedna nhl 11001 nightsl. The noun may, of course, be in any case,
and the case of Ijedani is determined by that of the noun it modifies: lod
jednog oveka/ Ifrom one mani (genitive), Ivldeo sam hiljadu i jednog ovekal
II saw 1001 men' (accusative). If the noun has only a plural form, as Ikolal
Icar l (neuter plural), /jedan/ agrees with it: ljedna kolal 'a carl and a verb
used with it is also plural. (/jedanl may also be used in the plural in the
sense of 'individual (so-and-sos), certain onesl, I(one and) the same'.)
The number two has two forms: Idv~/, used before masculine and neuter
nouns (or to refer to them), and Idv~1 (/dvlje/) used with feminine nouns (or to
refer to them). The form of the noun (and modifying adjectives) is according
to the following pattern:
281

,
dva oveka dv~ ogledala
, ,
dva. stara oveka dv~ velika ogledala
dv~ ~ene dv~ noi

.. ... ,
dv~ lepe ~Eme dv~ l~pe noci
The ending on feminine /a/ nouns is a short l-el. The agreeing adjective has
the same ending. Feminine /i/ nouns have /-i/. The ending on masculine and
neuter nouns, and accompanying adjectives, is /-a/. For convenience we may call
this ending the 'dual'. Contrast the dual and the genitive singular endings:
Masculine and Neuter Feminine /a/ Feminine /i/
Adj. Noun Adj. Noun Adj. Noun
Genitive -og -a -e -e -e -i
Dual -a -a -e -e -e -i
The dual endings are used after /dv~/, /dv~/, ItrI/, /C~tiri/ or any
number ending in one of these. '~
They are also used after Idva-trl/, "
/dve-tri/
'a couple; two or three', as well as lobal f. lobel (or lobadvI, /obadvel -
/obadvije/) Iboth'. For example, Isto i etiri oveka/ 1104 men'.
, . ~
Any number not ending in Ijedan/, /dva/, Idve/, Itrij, /Cetiri/ is followed
~
by the genitive plural of both adjective and noun. Compare:
jedan ovek jedna zena

dva oveka dve zene
tri oveka tri ~ene
etiri oveka etiri zene
pet ljUdi pet z~na

devetnaest ljUdi devetnaest z~na
dvadeset ljUdi dvadeset z~na
dvadeset i jedan ovek dvadeset i jedna ena

dvadeset i dva oveka dvadeset i dve zene
,
hiljadu velikih ljadi hiljadu lepih z~n
282

Note the use of Ipol in Ipo jedno vinoi. This particle has a distribu-
tive meaning: Ione [serving of] wine for each [of usl'.
Of the numerals given in Note 13.1.1, Ijedani is an adjective, Istotinal,

I , ,
/hiljada/, and /tisuca/ are feminine nouns. After numerals they have the regu-
lar case endings: Itri hiljade/, Itri tisue/, /p~t hiljad~/, /p~t tisua/.
When beginning a number, they are invariable: /hiljadu i jedan ovjek/, /tisuu
i jedna noi, /doao sam sa hiljadu i jednim covekom/, Idoao sam sa tisuu i
pedeset knjiga/. /millon/ or /milljun/ is a masculine noun. /dV~/ and /dV~/
vary according to gender but rarely for case. All other numerals of this list
are invariable and are treated as neuters where gender is called for. Except
for the verb
~ -
lima/ (dIscussed in Note 13.3 and 23.1.1), the numerals Idva/
,
~ i. ,
(/dve/), Itri/ and /cetiri/ as subjects are used with a plural verb. Numerals
above five may be used with either a singular or plural verb.
Although /dv~/, /dv~/ (/dvlje/) and /trI/ are usually invariable, occasional
use is made of older case forms. Genitive forms are /dv~ju/ (m., n.) Idv~ju/
(/dvlju/) f.) and /trlju/. An example occurs in Unit 22: /Videli smo sudar
dvaju kola.1 'we saw the collision of two carsl. Of other forms /dv~mal
(/dvj~ma/, f.), /ob~ma/ (/obj~ma/) and /trlma/ are sometimes found. These are
both dative and instrumental (see Note 15.1). /dv~ma/ must be used in the
sentence /Ja sam predao pismo dvema enama/ II gave the letter to two women.
(indirect object). It is optional in /Dete se igralo sa dvema loptama/ 'the
child was playing with two balls l (with prepositlon Isaf). More common is
IDete se igralo sa dve lopte/.
Note the adjective /nijedan/ Inat one, not a single'. Compare /ko/ Iwho',
/nlko/ Ino one l , /ta/ Iwhat l , /nlta/ -nothing'.
Note 13.2 Other Quantity Words - Druge reci za koliinu
Toliko dinara imam.

Koliko pisama ima?

In addition to the numerals, there are many other words expressing

quantity, such as /malO/, /mnogo/, /kOlikO/, /nekoliko/, /tOllkO/. Nouns fol-
lowing these are also in the genitive plural. The quantity words themselves are
neuter singular.
Note the elements which make up certain of these: /k-01ik-o/, /t-01ik-o/,

/ne-k-01ik-o/. The /k-/ is the /k-/ of /ko/, the /t-/ is the /t-/ of Itoj.
/-0/ is the neuter ending.
Note 13.3 Verb /imati/ - Glagol /lmati/
Ima i jedan aj, gospodine.

The verb /imati/ has two usages of the present tense forms /im~/ and
/imaju/. They may be used as Ihas, havel, as in the has a wife and son l or as
Ithere is, there are l as Itherels also a [cup of] tea, siri.
The noun (or nouns) associated with /ima/ Ithere is, there are' is usually
the subject of /ima/. Collective sUbjects (including numerals /p~t/ on) are
usually used with /ima/, though the reference is to a p1urality of objects. For
more detail see Note 23.1.1.
Note 13.4 Verb: /hau/, /magu/ - Glagoli /hau/ i /magu/
Hou vrlo rado.

Hoete li da idete s nama?
Kako god hoete.
Mogu da vam pozajmim dve-tri hiljade dinara.
Mozete li da mi promenite pet dolara?
The verbs /hOu/ II willi and /mogu/ II can l are the only verbs in Serbo-
Croatian which have l-ul for III. They are also different (from each other as
well) in the third person plural:
', ,
hou hocemo mogu mozemo
',
hoe hocete moze moete
..
hoe hoe moe mogu
284

The verb /hOu/ is used in the sense of Iwill, want', as well as 'will l
for future (discussed in Note 19.1).
Grammatical Drill - Gramaticka vezba
GD 13.1 Cardinal Numerals ~ Obicni brojevi

GD 13.1.1 /dva/, /dve/, Itrij, /etiri/, and their compounds /dvadeset dva/,
/dvadeset tri/, /dvadeset etiri/ etc.
Without Adjectives
Sada je dva sata. tri dvadeset tri

cetiri dvadeset cetiri
dvadeset- dva
Ne mogu da vam promenim dva dolara u dinare. tri pedeset tri

cetiri sto cetiri
dvadeset dva hiljadu dva
Masculine to Feminine Transform

Substitute the noun in parentheses for the one underlined.
Jovan ima samo dva brata. (sestra) Jovan ima samo dve sestre.
Kua ima samo dva stola. (soba)
Soba ima samo dva kreveta. (stolica)
Grad ima samo dva restorana. (kafana)
Grad ima samo dva trga. (ulica)
Kua ima samo dva kupatila. (kancelarija)
Jo samo dva oveka ekaju. (ena)
Toma ima dva hotela. (kua)
Masculine to Feminine with Negative Transform: e.g.
Moj prijatelj ima dva brata. (sestra) Moj prijatelj nema dva brata,
ve dve sestre.
Naa soba ima dva stola. (stolica)
Kua ima dva kreveta. (soba)
Grad ima dva parka. (kafana)
Kua ima dva kupatila. (kancelarija)
Dva uveka cekaju. (ena)

Moj prijatelj ima dva hotela. (kua)
In the following drill make all 2 sUbstitutions, using /dve/ when re-
qUired, then repeat the drill with the 1 substitutions.
1 2 1 2
Jovan ima dva ~. tri dolar ogledalo sestra
cetiri prijatelj kupatilo stolica
dinar pismo soba
sto kancelarija
,
krevet kuca
1 2 1 2
Na grad ima ~ hotela. tri hotel kafana
(}etlri spomenik ulica
dvadeset dva park kua
trideset tri trg kazalite
pedeset cetiri restoran pozorite
sto (}etiri muzej
dvesta dva
With Adjectives
Repeat each sentence using the number indicated with the underlined ad-
jective noun phrase.
Moja kua je blizu jednog velikog dva Moja kua je blizu dva velika
parka. parka.
Soba ima jedan udoban krevet. tri Soba ima tri udobna kreveta.
Ima pismo od rnog starog prijatelja. dva Ima pismo od moja dva stara
prijatelja.
Moja kua irna samo jednu veliku (}etiri Moja kua irna cetiri velike i
i lepu sobu. lepe sobe.
U sobi irna jedna udobna stolica. dve U sobi imaju dve udobne stolice
Grad irna jednu veliku ulicu. dve Grad ima dve velike ulice.
Grad irna Jedan veliki i lep hotel. dva Grad ima dva velika i lepa
hotela.
Sutra idemo u posetu kod Jednog dva Sutra idemo u posetu kod dva
starog prijatelja. stara prijatelja.
286

Repeat the above drill with negative transform, according to the model:
Moja kua je blizu jednog velikog Moja kua nije blizu jednog ve blizu
parka. dva velika parka.
or, Moja kua nije blizu jednog ~elikog

parka, ve blizu dva velika parka.
Controlled Adaptation Drill with negative transform.

l 2
Na grad ima dva dobra hotela.
dve dobre kafane
l 2
tri dobar hotel dobra kafana
cetiri lepo pozorite velika i lepa ulica
veliki trg nova zeleznicka stanica
lep park mala, ali cista ulica
dobar restoran mala zeleznieka stanica
lep i veliki muzej
lep i veliki spomenik
Adaptation Drill with negative transform.

l 2
Jovan ima ~ velika brata.
l 2
tri eist i udoban krevet eisto kupatilo
cetiri udobna soba vrlo lepa i velika kua
lepo i veliko ogledalo prljava i neudobna soba
mala i neudobna stolica lepa i udobna stolica
GD 13.1.2 Genitive plural with numbers /pet/, etc.

l 2
Ovde ima ~ velikih zgrada.
,
Ovde nema ~ velikih zgrada vec samo dva.
l 2
est dvanaest mala soba dobra kafana
devet osamnaest lep muzej lepo pozorite
deset dvadeset pet veliki bioskop veliki trg
287

Treba da odem na zeleznicku stanicu u ~ sati.
est osam deset dvanaest

sedam devet jedanaest
GD 13.1.3 Dual and Genitive with various numbers
Substitute the numbers at the right of each sentence for those underlined.
Kafa kota dvadeset dva dinara. 18 50 75

Vino kota trideset pet dinara. 31 90 125
Pivo staje cetrdeset cetiri dinara. 15 150 60
Hleb staje petnaest dinara. 35 25 45
Meso kota cetiri stotine dinara,
kako koj e .1 280 350 375
Ulaznica za bioskop staje sto dinara. 250 280 105
Ulaznica za posorite staje dvesta
pedeset dinara. 320 575 201
Soba kota hiljadu petsto dinara. 2.005 1.122 2.504
GD 13.2 Agreement of verbs with numerals and associated nouns

GD 13.2.1 Verb /imati/ - Glagol /imati/
This is a learning drill contrasting the numerals plus noun as object of

/ima/ Ihas l with the numeral plus noun as subject of /ima/ 'there is l or 'there
are l (also /imaju/).
l Naa kua ima jednu sobu. U naoj kui ima jedna velika soba.
,
2 Naa kua ima dve velike sobe. U naoj kuci imajU dve velike sobe.
,
3 Naa kuca ima pet velikih soba. U naoj kui ima pet velikih soba.
Repeat sentences 2 with /tri/ and /cetiri/.

Repeat sentences 2 (on right only) with /ima/.
Repeat sentences 3 with /osam/ and /jedanaest/.
l
Ikako koje/ 'depending on what kind it is' (Ihow whichl).
288

lima! 'there is, there arel
U gradu ima jedan hotel.

U gradu imaju ~ hotela.
U gradu ima ~ hotela.
Use the following sentences for the above drill:
Ima jedno pismo za vas, gospodine.

Ima jedan dobar put do Beograda.
Ima jedan lep park preko puta moje kue.
Ima jedna poruka za vas.
GD 13.2.2 With other verbs - S drugim glagolima

~
U ovoj kuci stanuje jedan ovek.
U ovoj kui stanuju dva oveka.
U ovoj kui stanuje ~ ljudi.

U ovoj kui stanuju pet ljudi.
Use the following sentences for the above drill:
U kancelariji ceka jedan covek.

Jedan ovek trazi gospodina Srni ta.
Gospodina Smita trazi jedna zena.
Treba mi jedna soba.
GD 13.3 Verbs !hau! and Imagu!
Hou da idem u bioskop, ako se daje dobar film.

Neu da idem u bioskop, ako se ne daje dobar film.
Ne mog~ da vam promenim deset dolara u dinare.

Mog~ da vam pozajmim nekoliko hilada dinara.
on ona (vi) oni one

Jovan Zora vi (pl) Jovan i Toma majka i sestra
moj otac moja majka vi i Toma moji prijatelji moje sestre
289


Make all l substitutions with all 2 combinations thereof. Use /dve/

where appropriate.
l 2
Koliko velikih hotela ima u gradu? Ima dva.
Nema nijedan.
Ima dva velika hotela.
Nema nijedan veliki hotel.
l 2
pozorite trg tri sedam
park bioskop /kino cetiri devet
muzej kafana /kavana pet jedanaest
spomenik stanica est cetrnaest
zgrada ulica osa.m
Ko trai gospodina Smita? Trai ga jedan ovek. dva

Niko ga ne trai. tri
Gospodina Smita trai jedan covek. etiri
pet
Ko stanuje u ovoj kui? U ovoj kui stanuje jedna mala est
porodica. osam
U ovoj kui niko ne stanuje.
Ko ceka gospodina Jovia? Ceka ga jedna zena.

Koliko ja znam niko ga ne eka.
Gospodina Jovia ceka jedna

ena.
Koliko dobrih puteva ima Ima jedan dobar put.

do vaeg mesta? Nema nijedan.
Ima jedan dobar put do moga
mesta.
Nema nijedan dobar put do moga
Iresta.
290

Answer the following questions with the numbers on the right.
Koliko spomenika ima u gradu? 21 9 17

Koliko velikih zgrada ima u gradu? 501 366 1.623
Koliko kafana ima u gradu? 13 110 155
Koliko pozorita ima u gradu? 7 10 13
Koliko dobrih hotela ima ovde? 2 14 133
Koliko kota kafa? 22 15 55
Koliko staje vino? II 18 26
Koliko kota hleb? 35 42 54
Koliko staje meso? 280 292 755
Koliko kota ulaznica? 110 225 380
Koliko staje soba u hotel Metropolu? 950 1.200 2.315
Koliko dinara moete da mi pozajmite? 5.200 15.300 100.000
U koliko sati odlazite odavde? l 3 7 10 2 5 II 8 4 12 6 9

l 2
Da li ima velikih parkova u gradu? Da, ima dva velika parka.
Ne, nema nijedan veliki park u gradu.
l 2
dobar hotel lep spomenik tri devet
lep trg dobra kafana pet cetiri
dobar bioskop lepa ulica
Da li neko stanuje u ovoj zgradi? Da, stanuju dve velike porodice. tri
Ne, niko ne stanuje u toj est
zgradi. cetiri
deset
Da li to neko trai gospodina Da, trae ga dva coveka.
Smita? Ne, ne trai ga niko.
Da li neko ceka moga mua? Da, cekaju ga dve ene.

Ne, niko ga ne ceka.
Da li ima dobrih puteva do vaeg Da, ima dva dobra puta.

grada? Ne, nema nijedan dobar put
do nas.
291

Da li je kafa ovde skupa? Ne, nije skupa. Kafa kota l 2

petnaest dinara. 12 60
l
14 90
Da, skupa je. Kafa kota
13 70
pedeset dinara. 80
16
2
17 110
21 120
25 140
Da li moete da mi promenite Zao mi je, ali ne mogu. ~

~ dolara u dinare? Vi morate da promenite 3 4
dolare zvanicnim putem. 10 15
19 32
21 45
Da li moete da mi pozajmite Da, mogu.

dve hiljade dinara do sutra? Ne, ne mogu.
Da, mogu da vam pozajmim
dve hiljade dinara.
Zao mi je, ali ne mogu da
vam pozajmim dve hiljade dinara.
3.000 10.200 101.000

4.500 55.500 200.000
Repeat the above drills with the pattern:
Ima li velikih restorana u gradu?
Veceras idemo u bioskop. Da li idete veceras u bioskop?
Veceras ne idemo nigde. Da li idete negde veceras?
Daje se jedan jugoslovenski film. ta se daje ubioskopu?
Ovde se obieno daju strani filmovi. Kakvi se filmovi daju ovde?
Ulaznica staje 250 dinara. Koliko staje ulaznica?
Bioskop pocinje u osam sati. U koliko sati pocinje bioskop?
Sada je cetiri i pet. Koliko je sati?

/Sada je pet minuta prolo cetiri.
292

Ja nemam jugoslovenskog novca. Da li imate jugoslovenskog novca?
Treba mi 2.500 dinara. Koliko dinara vam treba?
Mogu da vam promenim 5 dolara u Da li moete da mi promenite 5 dolara

dinare. u dinare?
/Ne mogu da vam promenim nijedan
dolar II dinare.
Vi morate da promenite dolare zva- Zato ne moete da mi promeni te dolare?
nicnim putem.
Mogu da vam pozajmim dve-tri Da li moete da mi pozajmite neto

hiljade dinara. dinara?
Dva coveka cekaju g. Srni ta. Da li neko (Ikoi) ceka gospodina Smita?
U ovoj kui stanuju tri porodice. Koliko p0rodica stanuje u ovoj kui?
U sobi imaju dva kreveta i dve Koliko kreveta i stolica irna u sobi?
stolice.
Ima (/imaju) dve poruke za vas. Da li irna neka poruka za mene?
Svia mi se nekoliko zgrada preko Kako vam se sviaju zgrade preko

puta pote. puta pote?

GD 13.6.1
A B
Da li ima u Beogradu mnogo kazalita. Mislim da ima cetiri ili pet.
To je dovoljno veliki broj, samo Dobra su.

ako su dobra?
Koliko ima kina. Kina irna oko cetrdeset, a moda i vie.
Kakvi se filmovi daju u kinima? Daju se jugoslavenski i strani filmovi.
Da li se daju americki filmovi? Naravno, daje se mnogo americkih

filmova.
Kakvi su jugoslavenski filmovi? Neki su jako dobri.
Da li idete cesto u kino i kazalite? Idemo jako cesto u kino.
A u kazalite? Samo kad se daje neto dobro.
293

~a ~H HMa Y BeorpaAY MHoro n030pHmTa?
To je npH~H~HO se~KH 6poj, caMO aKO llo6pa cy.

cy p;o6pa2
KO~HKO Rua 6aocKona? BHOCKona Hua OKO ~eTp~eceT, a KOEAa

H BHme.
KaKSH ee ~R~OSH Aajy y 6aOCKonHMa? ~ajy ce jyroc~oBeHCKH H CTpaHH ~H~OBH.
~a ~ ce p;ajy aMepH~KH ~H~OSH? HapaBHO, p;aje ce MHO~O aKepH~KHx

<J>HJDlOsa.
KaKSR cy j~oc~oseHCKR ~H~OSH? HeRH cy BP~O Ao6pH.
~a AH RAeTe ~eCTo y 6aOCKon H Hp;eKO BP~O ~eeTO Y 6HOCKon.

n030pHUITe2
A Y n030pHmTe? CaKa RaA ce Aaje HemTO Ao6po.
GD 13.6.2
Da li ste slobodni veceras? Jesam. Za~to pitate?
Da li hoete da idete s nama u kino? Hou jako rado. ta se daje?
Daje se jedan jugoslavenski film. Da li su kina ovdje skupa?
Nisu 1 jeftina su. Koliko stoji ulaznica?

Ulaznica stoji sto dinara. Da li mo~ete da mi promijenite nekoliko
dolara u dinare?
Ne mogu da vam promijenim. Vi Mo~ete li mi posuditi ne~to dinara.
morate da promijenite dolare
slu~benim putem.
Koliko dinara vam treba? Treba mi pet tisua dinara.

Toliko mogu da vam posudim. Dobro I hvala.
Aa ~ CTe c~o60AHH se~epac? Jecau. 3amTo DHTaTe?
Aa ~ xoheTe Aa HP;eTe e HaMa Xohy BP~O paAo. liTa ce p;aje?

y 6HOCKOU?
~aje ce jeAaH jy~oc~oeeHCKH ~H~. ~a ~H cy 6HocKonH oSAe cKynH?
KO~HRO cTaje y~a3HHRa?

Y~GHHKa cTaje CTO ~HHapa. ~a ~ KozeTe Aa MH npOMeHHTe HeKO~KO

Ao~pa y ~HHape?
He Mory Aa saK npOK8BHK. BH KopaTe Aa Aa ~ KozeTe Aa KB noaajMHTe HemTO

npoweHHTe Ao~pe asaHH~HBU nyTeu. ABHapa.
RO~KO AKHapa saK Tpe6a? Tpe6a MH neT XH~~a ~HHapa.
TO~HKO Mory Aa aaK noaajKBK. ~06po, xsaJJ8..
GD 13.6.3
ujem da va prijatelj trai kuu. Da
li je to istina? Da, tako je.
Koliko soba mu treba? Trebaju mu etiri sobe.
U kom dijelu grada on zeli stanovati? On zeli stanovati na Topciderskom
brdu ili Dedinju.
Ima jedna kua sa pet lijepih, Gdje je ta kua?
velikih soba, ali nije u tom dijelu.
Ta kua je na Avalskom putu. Da li neko stanuje u toj kui?
Ne, ne stanuje niko. Kua je nova. Vrlo dobro. To je kua za mog
prijatelja. Ima li kua kupaonu~
Da, ima dve velike i lijepe kupaone. Koji Je broj te kue?
Ta kua je na Avalskom puta br. 42.
Koliko va prijatelj zeli da plati On moze da plati do 70.000 dinara
mjeseno za kuu? mjeseno. Vie ne.
aa ~ je TO HCTBHa? aa, TaKO je.
KO~HKO c06a My Tpe6a? Tpe6ajy My ~eTHpH c06e.
Y KOM Kpajy rpa~a OH ze~H Aa CTaHyje? OH ze~ ~a cTaHyje Ha TOnQHAepCKOM 6PAY

H~H J],e,ZtHJLY.
HMa jeAHa Kyha ca neT ~enHX, Be~KBX
c06a, a~ Baje y TOM Kpajy.
Ta KYha je Ha Asa~CKOM nyTy. JJ,a ~ HeKO cTaHyje y Toj xyhK?
He, Be cTaHyje HHKO. RYha je Hosa. Bp~o A06po. To je xyha aa Mor

npHjaTe~. Hua ~H Kyha KynaTa~o?
aa, Hua Asa se~Ka K ~ena KynaTH~. KOJH je 6poj Te Kyhe?
Ta KYha je Ha Asa~CKOK nYTy 6p. 42. OH MOEe Aa n~TK AO 70.000 AKHapa

KO~KO Bam npHjaTe. Ee~ Aa n~TH Mece~HO. Bame He.
vece~HO aa KYhY?
295

l. Fill the blanks in 1-6 with the proper form of the items listed to the right
of each sentence. In 7-10 fill the blanks with the proper item of those listed
to the right of each sentence.
l. Jovanova soba ima dva i tri (krevet ____ stolica)
2. Grad ima tri (dobar restoran)
3. Kua ima (2 mala soba)

,
4. U ovoj kuci stanuje pet ('ovek)
5. U gradu ima 'etiri (veliki lep spomenik)
6. Moja kua je blizu dva (veliki park)
7. Dva 'oveka gospodina Smita. (trai - trae)
8. Pet ljudi vas , gospodine. (eka - 'ekaju)
9. Moja dva prijatelja u ovoj kui. (stanuje - stanuju)
10. Gospodinu Smitu dve velike sobe. (treba - trebaju)
2. Answer these questions using the numbers and numbers and nouns listed to
the right of each sentence.
l. Koliko soba ima vaa kua? (2)
2. Koliko dobrih hotela ima u gradu? (6)
3. Koliko kota hleb? (22 - dinar)
4. Koliko lepih parkova ima u gradu? (3)

5. Ko trai gospodina Smita? (2 - 'ovek)
6. Ko me 'eka? (2 - ena)
,
7. Ko stanuje u ovoj kuci? (5 - velika porodica)
8. Koliko dinara moete da mi pozajmite? (31.000 - dinar)
9. Koliko va prijatelj moe da plati meseno za kuu? (50 - 52.000 - dinar)
10. Od koliko soba vam treba kua" gospodine? (4 - 5 - soba)

UNIT 14
Basic Sentences - Osnovne reenice
The Family -II O obitelji -II O nopo,::on.~l-1 -II
J
children djeca
I
Do you have any children? fmate li djece?
child dijete G djeteta .neTe .AeTeTa

~,
daughter kI f. A kcer, Khit Khep,

Kh~PH
~,
G kceri Gpl KhapH

~ ~
kcerI
Yes, I have two children, Da, Imam dv~ djeteta, ~a, ~KaM .AS; .A~TeT:, ciRa'
a son and a daughter. I
sIna i k~r. H Khep.
year godina rO,lJ;HHa
How old are your children Koliko godina Imaju

I .
KOAHKO rO.AHHa HMaJy sama
--, ,
(IHow many years have #
your childrenl)? vaa djeca? .Aeua?
l' ~ l
My son is five years old, SIn ima p~t godina, CRH RMa neT rO.AHHa, a KhH
and my daughter two.
a ki dvije. -
,lJ;se.
married (of a ma~) oenjen, -a, -o O:IICelleH, -a, -o
Are you married? Da li s te vl oenj eni? A~ JlH CTe si I~:llCeHeHHf
No, lim not. Ne, nfsam. He, HHcall.
297

relative srodnIk pl srodnici CPOAHHK

... - CpOAHHUH
... ...
or" roa:k pl roaci po~aK po~a~H
I ... .l I .. - - #
Do you have any relatives Da li imate roake? ~a ~ HvaTe CpoAHHKa?
(tof relatlvesI)?
A
l
I have brothers and hnam brau 1 sestre u
sisters in America.
Americi. AVepHQH.
I
I have no one here. Ovdje n~mam nikoga.
How many brothers and

sisters do you have?
im.a:te?
I have three brothers and

I "
Imam trI brata i dvije MuaM TpH 6paTa H Ase c~cTpe.
.. I l .l
two' sisters.
sestre.
married (of a woman) udata

..
YAaTa
-
I.. I
My brothers and sisters Braa su oenjena, a Epsha cy OZeHeHS, a cecTpe
are married.
sestre su udate.
...
cy YA8Te.
-
B
get" be getting dobIjati, dobijam

, ...
to be receiving, prImati, prImam npHMaTH, npHIl8.M
accepting
, ,
orderly, tidy uredan, uredna, -o ype~aH, ypeAHa, -o
,
regularly uredno ypeAHo

Does your mail from America

, l
Da li prlmate uredno
I

~a

AH Ao6HjaTe

ypeAHo nOlliTY
come regularly ('do you
receive mail from America potu'iZ Amerike? H3 AM~PHKe?#
in orderly fashion')?
Yes" I do. Da" prImam.
How long does it take a Kbliko vremena pttuje RO~RO Bp~MeHa n;Tyje n~CKO'
letter to come from I I '
America to Belgrade? pIsmo od Amerike do O~ AuepHRe ~O Beo~pa~a?#
Beograda?
to get dobiti, da dobijem
to receive" accept prImiti, da prImIm
state drava Apzasa
J I J
I get a letter from [my] Ja prImim pismo od Ja ~o6ajeM nacMO O~
parents in Michigan I
('out of the state of roditelj iz d~ave pOAHTe~a H3 APEaSe
M.I) in three or four I
M~~~~aHI3a Tp~-~eTHpH
I
days. Mligan za trI-cetiri
d~na. AaHa.
fast, quick b~z, bfza, bfzo

6p3, 6p3a, 6P30
fast, quickly bf>zo 6P30 ..
I
Thatis pretty fast. T5 je prIlino bfzo. T~ je npH~U~HOI6P30.
l I
However, thatis not always Istina, t5 nije uvijek. MCTURa, TO Huje yseR.
[the case].
sometimes HeR U nyT
to be detained, retained zadrati se, da 3SAp>KaT.a ce, Aa

se zadrIm ce 3S~P)l(HM
299

UNIT 14 BERBO-CROATIAN
longer dui, -a, -o .llYICH, -a, -o

I
Sometimes it takes longer Kadkad se pIsmo zadri HeRH nyT ce nHcUO 3a~p~R
('a letter is retained I .. . I ' J
longer'), five to seven due, p~t do sedam ~y~e, neT ~O ce~au ~aHa.
days.
d~na.
to happen, occur; de~vati se, ~emaBaTH ce,

it happens, occurs p,emaBa ce
deava se
or, dog~ati se, P,OI'a~aTH ce.

,
dogaa se ~OI'a~ ce
during winter, in zImi -

3HMH
winter
rarely ever, hardly rijetko kada P~TROIR~~

ever
in summer ljeti JIeTH

I .1 I
That usually happens during T5 se bbicno dogaa To ce 06H~HO ~emaBa SKUK,
winter, rarely in summer. j
zImi, rijetko kada peTKo Ra~ JIeTH.
ljeti.
nevertheless, however ipak, ipak ~maR, HnaR

I J" I I ..
That still isn't bad. T5 ipak nije loe. To HnaK HHje p~aBo.
pertaining to airplane avionskI, -a, -o aBHOHCRH, -a, -o

l
It can be said that an Mbe se reci da avionsko Mo~e ce pehH Aa aBKOHcKO
airmail letter takes I I J' : I
(Itravels') three days pfsmo putuje od tr! nKcKO nYTyje OA TpH p,o
to one week (1seven days1/ I ,
,__
a week of days'). do sedam dana. HeAe..lY AaHa.
300

Grammatical Notes
Note 14.1 Noun: Special Forms

Note 14.1.1 Noun: /d~te/
Imate li dece?
Da, imam dva deteta, sina i ker.
Koliko godina imaju vaa deca?
/d~te/-/diJete/ Ichild l is a neuter noun. The stem is /detet-/-/dJetet-/,

the final /-t-/ of which is lost in the nominative-accusative. It is kept before
the endings l-al, etc: Gen. /deteta/ Dat. /detetu/ (/dJeteta/, /dJetetu/). The
plural is a feminine singular noun in form, /deca/-/djeca/, taking a plural verb
but feminine adjectives: /moja deca su oVde/. There are a number of neuter
nouns of this type, with shortened stem in the nominative-accusative. Neuter
nouns deno ting living beings ~egularly have a feminine singular form as plural,
(either an /a/ noun [as /deca/] or an /i/ noun). See further Note.
Note 14.1.2 Noun: /brat/, /gospodin/
Koliko brae i sestara imate?

Imam tri brata i dve sestre.
Braa su ozenjena, a sestre su udate.
/brat/, a regular masculine animate noun in the singular, has as its

plural /braa/. /braa/, like /deca/, is a feminine /a/ noun in form, with ad-
jectives agreeing with it (as /ozenjena/) but with plural verb forms.
/gospodin/ tgentleman l also has an /a/ noun as plural: /gospoda/.
Note 14.1.3 Noun: /kI/
Imam dva deteta, sina i ker.

Sin ima pet godina, a ki dve.
/kI/ is a feminine /i/ noun, of the same general type as /n5/. The
nominative singular is irregular. The other forms have the stem /ker-/.
Compare:
301

~ Eh. ~ El:.
N ki keri ' ,
n~c noi
A k~r "
kceri n~ noi
,, ,
G "
kceri "
kcer! noci noe!
", ,,
D keri '"
kcerima noci noe ima
Note 14.2 Numerals: Collective Numerals and Numerical Adjectives
In addition to the cardinal numbers, there are also collective numbers,

used in certain situations (see below). For example:
,
2 dvoje 8 osmoro
3 tr~je la group of three I 9 devetoro
4 etvoro la group of four I 10 desetoro
5 petoro etc. II jedanaestoro
6 estoro 20 dvAdesetoro
,
7 sedmoro 50 pedesetoro
etc.
The collective numerals are used a) with plurals of feminine singular form.
The noun is in the genitive:
dvoje d~ce two children

petoro brae five brothers
b) with words indicating a group of persons or animals of various kinds, such

as of mixed gender or age:
estoro ljUdI six people (of mixed type)
/dV~/, Itrij, /etiri/ may be used (with the dual) instead of /dv6je/,
/troje/, /c~tvoro/, but for numbers of persons (ending in) five and up the co1-
lectives must be used:
Optional: dvoje dece dv~ deteta
troje brace tr! brata
etvoro tel&dI cetiri teleta
Obligatory: petoro dece

estoro brae
osmoro tel&dI
302

In addition to the collective numerals there are also adjectives with

numeral bases which are used in certain situations. These adjectives agree
with the nouns they modify. The nouns are generally those which occur only in
the plural. For example:
dvoja kola two cars

dvoje panta15ne two pairs of pants
dvoji svatovi two wedding parties
These adjectives are regularly used for 2, 3, 4, but their use is optional for
five on:
petora kola or p~t k51a

estore panta15ne ~st panta15na
sedmora vr~ta sedam vr~t~
The noun /svat/, used as an example above, is interesting in illustrating

these uses. /svat/ means Iwedding guest'. The plural /svatovi/ means la
wedding partyi. The use of the adjective /dvoji/ is qUite rare but occurs, as
given above, with this plural. There are two genitive plurals, /sv~ta/ lof
wedding guests l and /svat5va/ lof wedding partiesl. We may have:
p~t sv~ta five wedding guests

p~t svat5va or petori svatovi five wedding parties
Note the use of the genitive after /p~t/ but the use of the nominative plural
with the numerical adjectives.
The forms of the collective numerals and those of the numerical adjectives
sometimes coincide, but they must not be confused. Contrast:
Collective numeral plus genitive: dvoje dece

Numerical adjective (nominative plural): dvoje panta15ne
Grammatical Drill
GD 14.1 Learning Drill

GD 14.1.1 Nouns: /deca/, /braa/, /gospoda/, and /kt/.
In the first column a phrase with a feminine a-noun is used. In the

second the nouns: /deca/, /braa/, /gospoda/, and /kr/ are used.
303

Type Sentences
To je moja majka. To su moja braa.

To je moja zena. To su moja deca.
Ko je ta gospoa? Ko su ta gospoda?
To je moja sestra. To je moja ki.
Substitution Drill
Ima pismo od moje majke. Ima pismo od moje brae.

moje zene moje dece
te gospoe te gospode
moje sestre moje keri
Dajte novac mojoj majci. Dajte novac mojoj brai.

mojoj zeni mojoj deci
toj gospoi toj gospodi
mojoj sestri mojoj keri
Mi poznajemo vau majku. Mi poznajemo vau brau.

vau zenu vau decu
tu gospou tu gospodu
vau sestru vau ker
GD 14.1.2 Nouns /d~ca/, /br~a/, and /gosp;da/ with numbers
The following type sentences are to be drilled first. They set the pattern
for the sentences which follow and are for substitution drill. The adjective
numeral /jedan/ is used in the first type sentence for contrast, though it is
not drilled in the substitution sentences.
Ja imam samo jedno dete.

Imam dva deteta. Imam dvoje dece.
Imam tri deteta. Imam troje dece.
Imam cetiri deteta. Imam cetvoro dece.
Imam petoro dece.

Imam estoro dece.
Imam desetoro dece.
Imam dvanaestoro dece.
304

Substitution Drill:
Ona ima dva deteta. Ona ima dvoje dece.
Moji prijatelji imaju dva deteta. Moji prijatelji imaju dvoje dece.
tri deteta troje dece

cetiri deteta cetvoro dece
dva mala deteta dvoje male dece
tri mala deteta troje male dece
cetiri mala deteta cetvoro male dece
Single (unpaired) drill: e.g. Moji prijatelji imaju petoro dece
petoro dece estoro male dece

estoro dece desetoro male dece
desetoro dece dvanaestoro male dece
dvanaestoro dece
v
Cekaju vas napolju dva deteta. Ceka vas napolju dvoje dece.
U sobi su dva deteta. U sobi je dvoje dece.
U ovoj kui ive dva deteta. U ovoj kui ivi dvoje dece.
Dolaze dva deteta. Dolazi dvoje dece.
dva brata dvoje brae

tri brata troje brae
cetiri brata cetvoro brae
dva gospodina dvoje gospode

tri gospodina troje gospode
cetiri gospodina cetvoro gospode
Single (unpaired) drill: e.g. Ceka vas petoro dece.
petoro dece petoro brae petoro gospode

,
sedmoro dece sedmoro brace sedmoro gospode
osmoro dece osmoro brae osmoro gospode
jedanaestoro dece jedanaestoro brae jedanaestoro gospode
305

GD 14.2 Controlled Adaptation Drill

GD 14.2.1 Nouns: /d~ca/J /braa/, and /gosp~da/
Vai srodnici cekaju kod kue. Vaa deca cekaju kod kue.
vai srodnici vaa deca

vai sinovi vaa braa
nai ocevi ta gospoda
vae keri Zorina deca
The following sentences are for the above drill:
Vai srodnici su unutra u sobi.

Vai srodnici stanuju u Pukinovoj ulici.
Vai srodnici dolaze danas posle podne u tri i deset.
Ima pismo od mojih sinova. Ima pismo od moje dece.

moji sinovi moja deca
Jovanove sestre vaa braa
moje keri ona gospoda
vae sestre naa deca
On stanuje blizu mojih sinova.

Oni se seaju mojih sinova.
Ja dobijem pismo od mojih sinova iz drzave Micigan za tri-cetiri dana.
Pismo mojih sinova se neki put zadri pet do sedam dana.
Kua mojih sinova je preko puta jednog velikog parka.
Dajte ovo pismo mojim sestrama. Dajte ovo pismo mojoj deci.
moje sestre moja deca
moji srodnici vaa braa
vae keri ta gospoda
Donesite po kafu mojim sestrama.

Mojim sestrama trebaju hitno dve velike sobe.
Mojim sestrama je ao to ne moete doi.
Mojim sestrama je milo to imate lepu i udobnu kuu.
Javite mojim sestrama da prekosutra dou u konzulat.
306

elim da vidim sutra vae sestre. elim da vidim sutra vau decu.
vae sestre vaa deca
moji srodnici Jovanova braa
Zorini roditelji ta gospoda
moji veliki prijatelji Zorina deca
nai ocevi ta velika gospoda
Cekam moje sestre.

Zora trai moje sestre.
Treba mi soba za moje sestre.
Oni poznaju dobro moje sestre.
ao mi je da zadrim vae sestre od puta.

GD 14.3.1 Nouns: /deca/, /braa/, and /gospoda/
Trae vas neki ljudi, gospodine Joviu. vaa deca

Jovanove sestre
vai prijatelji
vaa braa
vai srodnici
Gospodina Smita cekaju neki ljudi.

Unutra su neki ljudi.
U ovu kuu dolaze neki ljudi svako vece.
Neki ljudi dobijaju brzo potu iz Amerike.
Danas ima pismo za Zoru od njenih keri. njena deca ti ljudi

moje sestre ta gospoda
njena braa
Ona stanuje blizu njenih keri.

Mi se seamo dobro njenih keri sa letovanja.
Nae mesto u pozoritu je do Zore i njenih keri.
307

Kua njenih keri je u jednom velikom i lepom mestu.
Recite mojim kerima da mi se jave im dou kui. moja deca

moje sestre
vaa braa
ti ljudi
ta gospoda
The following sentences are for the same drill:
,
Mojim kcerima ne
Mojim kerima je
Mojim kerima je
Jovan treba da saeka svoje srodnike na eleznikoj stanici. neka stara gospoda
nai stari roditelj
svoja braa
vai sinovi
The following sentences are for the above type of drill:
On ceka svoje srodnike na eleznikoj stanici.

Oni ele da vide svoje srodnike.
Toma i Jovan trae svoje srodnike u selu.
Oni poznaju svoje srodnike.
Drill with plural transform
Jovana i Zoru eka jedno dete. Jovana i Zoru ekaju neka deca.
U sobi je va brat.
U ovu kuu dolazi svako vece neki gospodin.
Trai vas Tomino dete, gospodine Joviu.
U ovoj kui stanuje jedan gospodin.
308

Ima za vas pismo od jednog starog Ima za vas pismo od neke stare
gospodina iz Jugoslavije. gospode, iz Jugoslavije.
Mi se seamo dobro Zorinog brata

sletovanja.
Zorino mesto u pozoritu je do

njenog deteta.
Ovo je kua tog starog gospodina.
Mi stanujemo blizu vaeg brata.
Oni sutra posle podne odlaze u

posetu kod jednog starog
gospodina.
Kaite tom detetu da mi se javi kui. Kaite toj deci da mi se jave kui
Dajte ovo pismo mom bratu.
Javite tom gospodinu da doe u ambasadu
u deset sati pre podne.
Jovanovom detetu je ve dobro.
Zorinom bratu jo nije dobro.
Tom starom gospodinu je hladno.
Jovan treba da saceka na eleznickoj Jovan treba da saceka na

stanici neko dete. eleznickoj stanici neku decu.
Zora eli da vidi danas vaeg brata.
Oni trae sobu za jednog starog gospodina.
Oni poznaju to dete sletovanja.

Koliko dece imate? Imam jedno dete.

Imam dva deteta.
Substitute: brat Imam tri deteta.
Imam cetiri deteta.
Imam petoro dece.
Imam sedmoro dece.
309

Imam jedanaestoro dece.

Imam trinaestoro ~.
Koliko dece ima va prijatelj? Nema nijedno dete.

On nema dece.
Substitute: brat
ki
Gde ive vaa braa? Oni ive u Americi. ova gospoda

Moja braa ive u Americi. Zorina deca
Jovanove keri
Koliko male dece ima u ovoj kui? Ima samo jedno.

Nema nijedno.
Substitute: stara gospoda Ima samo jedno malo dete

u ovoj kui.
Nema nijedno malo dete u
ovoj kui.
Ima dva mala deteta.
Ima petoro male dece.
Ima mnogo male dece.
u kojoj kui stanuju ova mala deca? Ona stanuju u treoj kui od nae.
Ta mala deca stanuju u treoj kui od
nae.
Jovanova braa Ne znam gde stanuju ta mala deca.
ta stara gospoda
Zorine keri
Da li imate dece, gospoo? Da, imam.

Imate li dece, gospoo? Ne, nemam.
Imate dece, gospoo? Da, imam jedno dete.
Ne, nemam dece.
Da, imam dvoje dece, velikog sina i
malu ker.
Da, imam troje ~, dva velika sina i
malu ker.
310

Da, imam cetvoro dece, dva velika sina

i dve male keri.
Da, imam petoro dece, dva velika sina
i tri male keri.
Repeat this drill with the following questions:

,
Da li imate dece, gospodine Pavlovicu?
Imate dece, gospodine?
Da li Zora ima dece?
Da li Zora i Toma imaju dece?
Da li hoete da mi promenite ~ Ne, ne mogu da vam promenim 10

dolara u dinare? dolare u dinare. 14
Hoete da mi promenite ~ dolara Vi morate da promenite do- 17
u dinare? lare zvanicnim putem. 19
25
Da li hoete da mi pozajmite dve Da, hou vrlo rado. 3.500

hiljade dinara do sutra? Izvinite, ~ije da neu 4.200
da vam pozajmim dve 7.000
hiljade dinara, ali nemam 10.500
ni ja dovoljno dinara. 11.000
Ja imam jedno dete. Koliko dece imate?

IJa imam dva deteta. IDa li imate dece?
jJa imam dvoje dece.
jJa imam petoro dece.
Jovan ima samo jednog sina. Koliko sinova ima Jovan?
IDa li Jovan ima sinova?
Toma ima jednu ker. Koliko keri ima Toma?

IDa li Toma ima keri?
Sin ima pet godina, a ki dve. Koliko godina imaju vaa deca?
Ja imam petoro brae. Koliko brae imate? IDa li imate brae?
Od petoro brae samo jedan je Da li su vaa braa ozenjena?

ozenjen.
311

Od jedanaestoro dece moj prijatelj Koliko keri ima va prijatelj?

ima samo jednu ker.
Dajte ovo pismo jednom od moje brae. Kome da dam ovo pismo?
Recite da jedan od gospode odmah ta da kaem toj gospodi?

doe u ambasadu.
Deca su verovatno gladna i trae ta hoe deca? Ita trae deca?

da jedu.
Jovanova deca su dobra. Kakva su Jovanova deca?
Jovanovoj deci je dobro. Kako je Jovanovoj deci?

IJovanova deca su dobro. IKako su Jovanova deca?
Smitovi se seaju vae brae. Koga se seaju Smitovi?
IDa li se Smitovi seaju moje brae?
Oni se sigurno niega ne seaju. v ,
Cega se oni secaju? I Da li se oni
seaju neaga (Iega)?

GD 14.6.1
A B
ta elite, gospodine Joviu? Trebaju mi tri sobe.
Za koga vam trebaju sobe? Za moju brau.
Zar vaa braa, gospodine Joviu, Ne, ne ive.

ne ive ovdje?
Za kad vam trebaju sobe? Za slijedeu subotu. Moja braa dolaze

ovdje slijedee subote.
Da li vaa braa imaju djece? Da, imaju.
Koliko djece imaju? Jedan ima dvoje djece, jednog sina i

jednu ker.
A koliko djece ima va drugi brat? On ima petoro djece. Za njega mi

trebaju dvije velike sobe.
Jesu li njegova djeca velika? Jedna ki je velika, a drugo cetvoro

djece je malo.
Jako dobro. Imam tri velike sobe Koliko kotaju sobe?

za njih.
312

Jedna soba kota cetiri stotine U redu.

pedeset dinara.
ruTa ZeAHTe, rOCnO,lI,HHe JOBHhy? Tpe6ajy MH TpH co6e.
3a Kora BaM Tpe6ajy co6e? 3a Jlojy 6pahy.
3ap Bama 6paha, rocno,n,HHe JOBHhy, He, He EHBe.

He )I(HBe OB,n,e?
3a KaA BaM Tpe6ajy co6e? 3a H,n,yhY Cy60Ty. Moja 6paha ,lI,OAQ3e

OB,lI,e H,n,yhe cy6oTe.
na ~H Bama 6paha HMajy ,n,eue? lJ.a, HMajy.
KO~HKO ,n,eue HMajy? Je,n,aH HMS ,lI,soje ,lI,eue, je,lI,HOr CHHS H

je,n,HY Fehep.
A KO~HKO ,lI,eue HMS Bam ,n,pyrH OpaT? OH HMS neTOpo ,n,eue. 3a Bera MH Tpe6ajy
Ase BeJIHKe co6e
TeAHa KhR je Be~HKa, a Apyro ~eTBOpo
,n,e ue je MaJrO.
BpJl'O no6po. MMaM TpH Be~HKe co6e KOJl'HKO cTajy co6e?

3a lIIHX.
Je,lI,Ha coda cTaje ~eTHpH cTOTHHe y pe~y.
ne,n,eceT ,lI,YiHap9..
GD 14.6.2
Da li su djeca doma, Ana? Samo je vaa ki doma, gospodine.
Gdje je ona? Ona je u svojoj sobi.
ta radi? Mislim da uci.
Gdje su druga djeca? Druga djeca su u kinu.
Da li je moja zena dom~? Ne, ni gospoa nije doma.
Ona je kod gospoe Jovanovi.
La Jl'H cy ,lI,eUQ KOA Ky1e, AHS? CaMO je Bama KhH KO,lI, Ky1e, rOcnO,lI,HHe.
rAa je OHa? OHa je y CBOjOj eo6M.
313

MHCJIHll ~a YllH.
~pyra ~en& cy y 6HocKony.
Aa ~ je Moja ~eHa KO~ KYhe? He, RH rocno~a uHje KO~ Kyhe.
OHa je KO~ rocno~e JOB&HOBHh.
GD 14.6.3
Da li je va prijatelj oenjen? Ne, nije.
Da li on ima srodnika? Da, ima veliku obitelj.
Koga on ima? Ima roditelje i brau i sestre.
Koliko godina ima va prijatelj? On je mojih godina.
Da li poznajete vi njegovu brau i Naravno, poznajem ih jako dobro.

sestre?
Koliko brae on ima? Mislim petoro brae.
Koliko djece imaju njegovi roditelji? est sinova i mislim dvije ili tri
,
keri. Moj prijatelj je sedmo d)jete
svojih roditelja.
v
Sta radi va prijatelj? On je poslovan ovjek. On i njegov brat
putuju kroz Evropu.
Kad se vraaju u Ameriku. Mislim kroz dvije nedjelje.
ha ~M je Ball npHjaTe~ O~eHeH? He, Huje.
~a ~H OR HMa cpoaHHKa? lJ8, HMa Be~HKY nopotJ,HU:y.
'ora OH HW8?
OH je MOjHX pOtJ,HHa.
La J:::v. nOGRa jeTe Jfepoay orahy H cecTI>e?
MHCJIHM r:eTopo C5pahe.
314

Moj npHJaTe~ je ceaMO aeTe cBOjHX

~:O,Zlv.Te .b8.
OH je nOC~OEaH QOSeK. OH H H.e~OB 6paT

nYTyjy Kp03 Espony.
Ka~ ce Bpahajy y AMepHKY?

GD 14.7.1 Write out each of the following sentences using the appropriate
form of the items listed.
Jovan ima ______________ deteta. (/3/)

Moj prijatelj ima samo (jedna ki)
Ja imam ________ deteta. (/4/)

U hotelu ima mnogo (stara gospoda)
u ovoj kui stanuje (/5/), Imalo dete/)
Moj prijatelj ima __ (Ijedan veliki sin i jedna mala ki/)
moga prijatelja su velika. (Ibrati or Ibraa/)
Deca moga prijatelja su _ (mali)
Ja imam petoro (velika deca)
Jovan ima dve (mala ki)
GD 14.7.2 Turn the above sentences into questions.
315

UNIT 15
City and Environs Grad i okolica f'pa,n Ii OKOJlHHa
on Sunday, Sundays
holiday bl~gdan pl. npa3HHK, npa3HHQH

bl~gdani
on holiday, holidays blfigdanom npa3HRKOW:
I I , I .. J " ,
What do you do Sundays ta radite nedjelj5m mTa pa~HTe He~e~OK B
and holidays? #
i bl~gdanom? np&3HHKOW:?
to be making praviti, pravrm npaSHTH, npaBHll
excursion, trip, iZlet H3J1eT

picnic
surrounding area okolina OK O JIHHa

or, okolica OKOJfHQa
We usually make trips in Obicno idemo na

(Itoi) the surrounding , - I ,
area. izlete po okolici. OKOJIHHy.
,
(name of a mountain) Fruk~ gora tPpymKa ropa
Welre making a trip to s~tra idemo na izlet

I . .
CYTpa npaSHKO H3J18T
' , Ha
Fruka Gora tomorrow. ,
za Fruku goru. ~PymKy
ropy.
with whom s kIm e KRK

I - I #
Who are you making the S kIm idete na iZlet~ C KRK np&BHTe H3J1eT?
trip with?
316

I
e j~AHHK np~jaTe~eK'
I ,
With a friend and his wife. S jednim prijateljem H

HerOBOK xceHOIl.
train vl~k pl. vlakovi Boa, BoaOBH

(Cr. )
automobile, car auto, m. ayTo

or, automobIl aYTo:u06HJI
plane avion, G. aVi5na - aSHOHa

aSHOH, -
bus aut5bus / autobus aYTo6yc / aYT06yc
I
HA~Te, s;aoll ll HJIH
I
How are you going, by Kako ld~te, vl~kom KaKO
train or by car? #
lli autom? aYTO:U:?
By car. Autom. AYTOIl.
car kola (n. pl.) KOJIa
trackless trolley, trolijbus

trolleybus
I I I l l
Do you go to the office Da li idete u ured ~a JJH RAeTe y KaHueJIapHjy
by car or by trolley- , r , , ' #
bus? kolima ili KOJIHVa H~ TpoJIej6ycou?
trolijbusom?
B
sometimes ponekad nOHeKaA
streetcar tramvaj TpaMsaj
more seldom, rarer rjeI, -a, -e pe~H, -a, -e

# I I
By car. Sometimes I go AutomobIlom. Katkad, KOJIHua. I1oH8KaA HAeM
by trolleybus or
streetcar, but not as ali rjee, idem TP~JIej6YCo:u:1 H~
often.
317

I
trolijbusom lli
tramvajem.
,,
fortune, good luck sreca cpeha
fortunately sreom cpehO:U

,
connection, tie, veza seaa
link
- #.
Fortunately, the connectjon Sreom, veza je dobra CpehoK, seaa je Ao6pa ca
is good with Dedinje I
and Topchider Hill. sa DedInjem i A;AH&eK'a T~nqHAepCKHK
Topciderskim brdom.
How (Iby which way1) do

I
KojIm putem
, II dete u KOjHK n:Te:u' HA~Te y
you go to your office? I #
Ured? KaHlleJl8.pHjy?
Dedinje Boulevard
~Ae:u A~AiHCKH:U Y~B:PO:U'

I take Dedinje Boulevard
and Milo~ Street.
idem DedInjskIm
I
bulevArom i Mllo~evom
.
H MH~oweSOK y~~OK.
"
ulic~m.
to serve slOiti, slQl!m
to use (with I or sl;1iti se, CJIYZHTH ce,

Isa/+ I} 'to serve "
sln!m se
oneself with some-
thing' )
to use (with A) korfstiti, korIstIm KOPHC!HTB, KOpHCTHW

(with Isel: I or I koristiti I KOpHCTHTH
Isa/+ I)
city (adj.) gradskI, -a, -~ rpaACKR, -a, -o
pertaining to trans- pr~vOzni, -a, -o npesoaHH, -a, -o

port
318

or, saobraajnI, -a, ea06pahajHH J -aJ -o

-5
means sredstvo epe~eTBO
Why don1t you use public Zato ne koristite 3~mTO ce He e~ZHTe ~;mhe'
('cityi) transportation I I J
(means) more often? ~ee gradska ~pa~eKHK npeS03HHK
pr~vozna sr~dstva? epeACTBHYa.?
on account of, be- 360fl

cause of (with G)
I
because of that zbog toga 36o!' TOfla
I I
because (plus verb) zbog toga to 360~
, To~a mTO
or, zato to aaTO IIITO
by means of him it njIm, njime JHlM
by means of them njima UMa
I I I
K~JIa ,
Because I have a car and Zbog tog~ to imam 3aTo mTO HMaM B
use that. , I J
auto i slUim se eJIYJl:aK ce (ea) JilHwa.
njIme.
to organize, put in ur~diti, da

order uredIm
organized, put in order ureen, -a, -o ypebeH J -aJ -o
traffic saobraaj eao6pahaj

~
or, pr6met npOMeT
I l I I I I
How is public (Icity') Kako je ureen gradski KaKo je ype~eH ~paAeKH
transportation organized?
pr6met? ea06pahaj?
to grow, to be growing
319

The cities are growing very

rapidly here.
j ~ko b~zo. 6pao.
certain izvestan, izvesna, H3BeCTaa, H3Becaa, -o

-o ,
difficulty potekoa TeDIKoha
I
So we have certain diffi- Zato ima nekih potek6 a
culties with public
transportation. sa gradskim pr5metom. ca rpa~cKHM
. ca06pahajew.
-
A
understandable razUmljiv-, -a, P83YU~HB, -a, -o

-o
J
ThatIs understandable. T5 je razUmljivo. To je pa3YI(.I)HBo.
of course .zr.a60ue
Of course. (Iritis under- RazUmije se.

TIa .zr.a60ue.
stood r)
Days of the Week
Sunday nedjelja
Monday ponedjeljak, G. ponedjeljka,
pl. ponedjeljci, Gpl. nOHe.Ae~D;H,
ponedjeljaka nOH~.Ae.ll8.Ka
or nOHe~e..amc
Tuesday utorak, G. utorka, Gpl. YTOpaK, YTopxa, YTOP8K8 I

utoraka rTOPBix, YTopaiItH
, ,
Wednesday srijeda cpe~a
Thursday cetvftak "

'1eTBpTaK
~ , ~
Friday p~tak, pl. p~Ci, G. p~taka neT8K, neUH, neT8K8
,
Saturday subota cy60Ta
320

Grammatical Notes
Note 15.1 Noun I Adjective: Instrumental Case
S jednim prijateljem i njegovom enom.

ta radite nedeljom i praznikom?
Kako idete, vozom ili autom?
Da li idete u kancelariju kolima ili trolejbusom?
Ponekad idem trolejbusom ili tramvajem.
Sreom, veza je dobra sa Dedinjem i Topciderskim brdom.
Kojim putem idete u kancelariju.
Idem Dedinjskim bulevarom i Miloevom ulicom.
Zato se ne sluzite cee gradskim prevoznim sredstvima?
Zato ima izvesnih tekoa sa gradskim saobraajem.
These sentences give a large number of examples of the instrumental case.
Masculine and neuter nouns have the ending l-oml or, after palatals, I-eml
in the singular. The /01 or /el is short. The plural ending is l-imal. Com-
pare:
Sg. Non-palatal
m. n.
N praznik gospodin trolejbus voz bulevar brdo
I praznikom gospodinom trolejbusom vozom bulevarom brdom
Palatal
m. n.
N prijatelj tramvaj saobraaj Dedinje
I prijateljem tramvajem saobraajem Dedinjem
Pl.
N prijatelji kola sredstvo
I prijateljima kolima sredstvima
One masculine noun in the sentences above has two different forms for the
instrumental, Iputeml and Iputom/. Iputeml is used when the instrumental is
used independently) Iputoml is used when it is preceded by a preposition (as
Isa pUtoml). (See below on usage.)
The adjective ending is the same singular or plural, masculine and neuter:
I-irni ( I-irni when adjective is not under primary stress).
321

Compare:
Sg.
N jedan Topciderski Dedinjski gradski
I jednim Topciderskim Dedinjskim gradskim
Pl.
N nai gradski prevozni
I naim gradskim prevoznim
Feminine a-nouns have l-oml (-I-om/) in the singular, /-ama/ in the plural.
The adjective has I-om/ (-/-om/) in the singular, /-Im/ (-/-im/) in the plural.
Sg.
N zena nedelja gospoa ulica
I enom nedeljom gospoom ulicom
Pl.
N zene nedelje gospoe ulica
I z enama nedeljama gospoama ulicama
Feminine i-nouns are not illustrated. The endings are /-ju/, /-u/ or
/-i/ in the singular, /-ima/ in the plural. /-ju/ is the regular ending, as
/k~rju/. /u/ may occur after palatals, as /nou/ and occasionally after Iri.
/i/ is also sometimes used:/keri/, Istvri/. When the noun is used adverbially
as /nou/ Iby night', the ending is regularly /-u/. /-t-ju/ becomes /-u/
as /dunost/, /dunou/ (see below for /s/>//.
The instrumental case endings for adjectives and nouns may be summarized:
Masculine/Neuter Feminine lal Feminine Iii

Adj. Noun Adj. Noun Adj. Noun
Sg. -Im -om -om -om -om -ju I -u

l-em /-i
Pl. -Im -ima -Im -ama -Im -ima
Note 15.2 Pronoun: Instrumental Case
Zato to imam kola i sluzim se (sa) njima. Zbog toga to imam auto i
S kim idete u pozorite? sluzim se njime.
The instrumental case forms of the pronouns are recognizably the same as
noun of adjective endings (compare l-imal and I-Irni above) but must be listed.
322

/njlma/ is plural, referring to the neuter plural /kbla/. /njlme/ is singular,

referring to the masculine singular /auto/.
Personal Pronouns
I he, it she we you they

, , , , ,
N tl on, ono ona ml vl oni, ona,
,
one
, ,
I mn5m tobom njIm, njIme nj5m nama vama njima
Demonstrative Pronouns
Reflexive the referred to this that

,
N t5 ovo ono
I sobom tlm ovIm onIm
Interrogative Pronouns
who what
N ko ta / to
I kIm elm / cIme
Note 15.3 Instrumental Case: Usage
Nouns, noun phrases and pronouns in the instrumental occur a) by themselves

b) after certain prepositions.
Used independently (that is, without a preposition) the instrumental may

indicate the a) means or instrument by which something is done, b) the manner
in which something is done or c) the time when something is regularly done.
Examples are: a) /vozom/ 'by train', /putem/ 'by the road', /bulevarom/ Iby
way of the boulevard', /gradskim prevoznim sredstvima/ 'by city transportation
means' b) /sreom/ Iluckily' c) /nedeljom/ 'on Sunday[s]', /praznikom/ 'on
holiday[s]I. (There are several other meanings which the instrumental by itself
may express, to be met later.)
The meaning of the instrumental after prepositions is dependent on the

preposition used. Only /s/ - Isaf has been illustrated. /s/ or Isaf with the
instrumental indicates 'with l (of accompaniment or association). (See Note
323

15.4 below.) Other prepositions which may precede the instrumental are /nad/
'above', /pred/ lin front of', /pod/ 'underneath l , /za/ 'behind', /meu/ 'be-
tween, among'. Used with the instrumental each of these indicates place where,
not place to which. The accusative .is used for place to which. (Compare the
use of dative for place where and accusative for place to which with /u/, /na/,
etc.)
Note 15.4 Preposition /s/, /sa/
Da li je prtljag vaeg prijatelja donet sa zeleznicke stanice?

S kim pravite izlet?
The preposition /s/ - /sa/ followed by the genitive case indicates 'out
of (a vehicle), down from, off (a horse, plane)l. The basic meaning is direc-
tion down from a spot on which one is (off and down from). It is therefore used
of getting off a horse, off a wagon (and so off a plane or out of a car). It
is used of coming down from a place on a hill or off the roof of a house. As
the basic meaning of /stanica/ is the place, rather than the bUilding, it is
something one gets off of.
Followed by the instrumental /s/ - /sa/ is 'with', usually of accompaniment

or association. Note also /sluzim se sa njima/.
The form /sa/ is used before words beginning with /s/, /z/, //, /z/ and
before words beginning with certain groups of two or more consonants, as /sa
mnom/ Iwith mei. Otherwise, either /s/ or /sa/ may be used.
Although not reflected in the spelling, /s/ is usually // before /c

nj lj/: /njima/ (spelled s njima). /s/ is regularly replaced by // before
these consonants, and when within a word, this change is reflected by the
spelling (e.g. /Cesto/ 'often' but /Cee/ 'more often'). /s/ before /dz /
is usually //. Before other voiced paired consonants it is /z/.
Grammatical Drills

GD 15.1.1 Instrumental without Adjectives
324

Alternative Drill
Idem u kancelariju autom. automobilom

Ne idem u kancelariju autom, nego trolejbusom. autobusom
vozom
tramvajem
Substitution Drill
Subotom idemo u pozorite. nedeljom

Subotom ne idemo u pozorite, nego u bioskop. ponedeljkom/ponedeljnikom
Na alost, on radi subotom. utorkom/utornlkom
Sreom, on ne radi subotom. sredom
cetvrtkom
petkom
With preposition Isaf - /s/ meaning 'with'
The following drills are alternative with /sa/
Idem u pozorite s majkom. braom prijateljem

,
Ne idem u pozorite s majkom, gospodicom Jovic ocem
,
vec s bratom. decom
Jovanom keri
gospodinom Joviem kerju
gospoom Jovi
Jovan je zadovoljan sa cistoam ovde.

portirom
potom
drutvom
saobraajem
The following drills are not alternative with /s/
Idem u pozorite sa enom. srodnikom

Ne idem u pozorite sa enom, nego sa sestrom. sinom
Veza sa Zagrebom je dobra. Skopljem

Veza sa Zagrebom nije dobra. Sarajevom
Smederevom
Srbijom
325

GD 15.1.2 Instrumental with Adjectives
Alternative Drill
Idem u kancelariju Dedinjskim Avalskim putem Milievom ulicom

v
bulevarom. ovim putem Sekspirovom ulicom
Ne idem u kancelariju Dedinjskim tim putem Pukinovom ulicom
bulevarom, ve Avalskim putem. Knez-Mihailovom ulicom
ovom ulicom
tom ulicom
Idem u bioskop s jednim vaim ocem mojom majkom

prijateljem. mojim bratom naom sestrom
Ne idem u bioskop s jednim nekim gospodinom mojom braom
prijateljem, ve s Tominim Tominim detetom nekom gospodom
bratom. mojom decom
mojom keri
naom kerju
Ja sam zadovoljan sa mojim poslom.
naim drutvom vaom porukom svojom dunou

naim letovanjem Zorinim pismom
Jovanovim obavetenjem
,
gradskim saobracajem
GD 15.1.3 Instrumental with plural

Substitution Drill
Zadovoljni smo s pozoritima ovde. bioskopima kafanama

Nismo zadovoljni s pozoritima ovde. ljUdima sobama
putevima kuama
hotelima posteljama
restoranima
Idemo u bioskop s naim sestrama. vaim prijateljima naim enama

Ne idem u bioskop s naim sestrama, njegovim srodnicima naim kerima
nego s naim prijateljima. naim oCSevima
vaim roditeljima
326

Mi govorimo srpskohrvatski s naim sestrama.

Prekosutra idemo na izlet s naim sestrama na Fruku goru.
GD 15.1.4 Instrumental with Personal Pronouns
Substitution with negative transform

Jovan ide u bioskop sa mnom. s tobom s nama
On zeli da se upozna sa mnom. s njim s vama
Zora zeli da govori sa mnom. s njom s njima
Majka je zadovoljna sa mnom.

GD 15.2.1 Instrumental without Adjectives
Ob1~no idem u kancelariju autom. trolejbus

Retko kad idem u kancelariju autom. automobil
voz
tramvaj
autobus
Alternative Drill
Uvek putujem u Zagreb vozom. avion

Nikad ne putujem u Zagreb ~, ve automobilom. auto
autobus
Moji prijatelji ~esto idu subotom u pozorite. nedelja

Moji prijatelji retko idu subotom u pozorite. ponedeljak/ponedeljnik
Na zalost, ja CSesto radim sUbotom. sreda
Sreom, ja ne radim CSesto subotom. utorak/utornik
CSetvrtak
praznik I blagdan
petak
Use the preposition Isal when required in the following drills:
327

Alternative Drill
Zora ide u pozorite zajedno s majkom.

,
Zora ne ide u pozorite zajedno s majkom, vec s bratom.
mu suprug
otac braa
sestra Jovan
deca gospodin Jovi
sin gospoa Jovanovi
ki gospoica Smit
gospodin i gospoa Jovi
Substitution Drill
Zeleznieka veza s Beogradom je vrlo dobra. Zagreb

Zeleznieka veza s Beogradom nije tako dobra. Dalmacija Skoplje
Prilieno je rava. Sarajevo
Hercegovina
Kragujevac
Split
GD 15.2.2 Instrumental with Adjectives
Obieno idem u grad Avalskim putem. Dedinjski bulevar

Retko kad idem u grad Avalskim putem. Miloeva ulica
esto puta idem u grad Avalskim putem. ovaj put
Ne idem u grad Avalskim putem. Pukinova ulica
Nikad ne idem u grad Avalskim putem. taj put
ova ulica
ta ulica
U nedelju idem na izlet zajedno sa moj brat

jednim prijateljem. moja majka
U nedelju ne idem ni s kim na izlet. Tomina braa
moja deca
naa sestra
moj sin
moja ki
Zorin otac
moj srodnik
328

The adjective for the negative answer is given in parenthesis for each item.
Mi smo potpuno zadovoljni s naim autom.

Mi nismo potpuno zadovoljni s naim autom. Mali je.
naa soba (mali) naa ulica (prljav)

na hotel (skup) gradski saobraaj (neureen)
Zorin sin (slab)
Mi se sluzirno ovim stolom, jer je dobar.

Mi se ne sluimo ovim stolom, jer je ~.
taj krevet (neudoban) ova stolica (neispravan)

ovaj put (rav / lo) gradski saobraaj (ravo ureen)
na auto (neispravan) ovo ogledalo (mali i rav)

/zrcalo /lo
Mi se sluzirno srpskohrvatskim jezikom, ali ne govorimo dobro.
Mi se ne sluzimo srpskohrvatskim jezikom, jer ga ne znamo dovoljno.
engleski jezik nemacki jezik francuski jezik
Alternative Drill
Veza s Novim Sadom je dobra.

Veza s Novim Sadom nije tako dobra, kao sa Sremskom- Mitrovicom.
Stara Pazova Slavonska Poega

Gornji Milanovac Slavonski Brod
Nika Banja Bosanski Brod
Generalski Stol
Vrnjacka Banja
Gorski Kotar
Rogaka Slatina
Zidani Most
GD 15.2.3 Instrumental with Plural
Zora i Jovan su zadovoljni s pozoritima ovde. kafana

Zora i Jovan nisu zadovoljni s pozoritima ovde. restoran
kua
bioskop
put
ljudi
329

voz / vlak
autobus
tramvaj
Veceras izlazimo zajedno s naim prijateljima. nae sestre

Veceras ne izlazimo zajedno s naim prijateljima. nai srodnici / roaci
Jovanovi sinovi
Markove keri
nai ocevi
nae majke
ovi ljudi
Mi pravime cesto izlete s naim prijateljima po okolini Beograda.

v
Cesto razgovaramo srpskohrvatski s naim prijateljima, jer oni znaju dobro
jezik.
Plural Transform Drill
Mi se ne sluzimo ovom stolicom. Mi se ne sluzimo ovim stolicama.
Idem veceras u bioskop s mojom sestrom.

Ja govorim srpskohrvatski svakog dana s mojim sinom.
Zora razgovara kod kue sa svojim detetom francuski.
Treba da svrim jedan posao sa ovim gospodinom.
Mi se ne sluzirno ovim stolom. Mali je.
Moj prijatelj se ne sluzi nijednim stranim jezikom. /jezicima/
Jovan ide u pozorite s jednom gospoicom.
Treba da razgovarate s tom zenom.

Moj otac zeli da se upozna s tim covekom.
GD 15.2.4 Instrumental with Personal Pronouns
Substitution with negative transform.
Jovan ide cesto u bioskop sa ~. ti

Majka zeli da razgovara sa ~. on
Roditelji govore srpskohrvatski sa mnom. ona
Oni zele da se upoznaju sa ~. mi
Otac je zadovoljan sa mnom. vi
On stanuje zajedno sa mnom. oni
330

Oni idu u kancelariju zajedno sa mnom.
In the following sentences the corresponding pronoun should be substituted

for the underlined noun. e.g.
Subotom idem u kafanu zajedno Subotom idem u kafanu zajedno

sa Tomom. s njim.
Retko kad idem u pozorite s Jovanom.

Cesto razgovaram srpskohrvatski sa Zorom.
elim da sa upoznam sa Joviima.
Otac je zadovoljan s decom, a majka nije.
Brat stanuje zajedno s roditeljima i sa mnom.
Mi smo zadovoljni s vama i vaim bratom.
GD 15.3 Question and Answers

S kim idete u pozorite veceras? S majkom.

Veceras idem u pozorite s majkom.
Ne idem ni s kim.
brat deca ki
otac prijatelj gospodin Jovi
zena braa sestra
gospoica Smit
S kim pravite izlet ove nedelje, S naim prijateljima Joviima.

gospoo Smit? Ove nedelje pravimo izlet s naim
prijateljima Joviima.
Ove nedelje ne idemo na izlet.
Ove nedelje ne idemo ni s kim na izlet.
jedan prijatelj gospodin i gospoa Jovi moj otac

naa deca moja ki sestra moga muza
moja sestra neki prijatelji neka gospoda
The following questions may be drilled in the same manner:
S kim idete veceras u bioskop?

S kim govorite srpskohrvatski.
S kim treba da razgovorate, gospoo?
S kim zeli Toma da se upozna?
331

Kako idete u kancelariju? Autom.

Idem u kancelariju ~.
kola tramvaj trolejbus

automobil voz / vlak autobus
gradska prevozna sredstva
gradska saobraajna sredstva
Kako putujete u Zagreb? ~.

Putujem ~.
auto autobus kola

avion automobil
Kako idete u kancelariju? Autobusom.

Idem autobusom.
tramvaj trolejbus voz / vlak

kola auto automobil
Kojim putem idete u grad? Dedinjskim bulevarom.

Idem u grad Dedinjskim bulevarom.
Avalski put Miloeva ulica

v
Pukinova ulica Sekspirova ulica
Kakva je veza sa Zagrebom vozom? Vrlo je dobra.

Nije tako dobra.
Veza sa Zagrebom vozom je vrlo dobra.
Veza sa Zagrebom vozom nije tako dobro.
Ni Novi Sad Slavonski Brod Gornji Milanovac

Kragujevac Stara Pazova Bosanska Gradika Slavonska Pozega
Gorski kotar Slavonska Gradika Generalski Stol Vrnjacka Banja
Kakva je veza gradskim prevoznim Dobra je.

sredstvima sa zeleznickom Nije dobra.
stanicom? Veza sa zeleznickom stanicom gradskim
prevoznim sredstvima je dobra.
Veza sa zeleznickom stanicom gradskim
prevoznim sredstvima nije dobra.
332

Miloeva ulica Cvetni trg

Topidersko brdo Zeleni venac
Senjak Dedinje
Jovanova ulica Zorina ulica
Kako ide sa srpskohrvatskim Ide prilicno dobro. Jo ne govorim,

(j ezikom)? ali ve prilicno razumem.
Ne ide dobro. Ne govorim i ne
razumem.
engleski francuski nemaki
Use the instrumental of one or more of the nouns on the right to answer
each of the questions on the left.
Kad obino idete na posao? nedelja

Kad izlazite uvee. ponedeljaklponedeljnik
Kojim danima izlazite uvee? utoraklutornik
Koje dane radite? sreda
IKojim danima radite? etvrtak
Koje dane ne radite? petak

IKojim danima ne radite? subota
praznik I blagdan
Use the instrumental plural of the nouns given for substitution.
Kako ste zadovoljni s pozorltima ovde? Zadovoljan sam mnogo.

Nisam zadovoljan.
voz trolejbus tramvaj

muzej covek put
park kafana
Use first the instrumental singular, then the plural.
S kim idete u bioskop? S mojom sestrom.
moja sestra moja ki Tomino dete

jedan gospodin va brat njihov otac
na prijatelj moje dete
333


Da li idete u kancelariju autom? Da" idem.
Ne" ne idem.
Da" obiono idem u kancelariju autom.
Ne" retko kad idem u kancelariju autom.
Ne" nikad ne idem u kancelariju autom.
trolejbus voz / vlak tramvaj

gradska saobraajna sredstva kola automobil
autobus gradska prevozna
sredstva
Alternative Drill
Da li putujete uvek u Zagreb vozom? Da" putujem.
Ne" ne putujem.
Da" putujem uvek u Zagreb ~ .
Ne" ne putujem uvek vozom.
avion autobus
kola automobil
Da li izlazite subotom negde? Da" izlazim.

Da" obiono izlazim subotom.
Da" uvek izlazimo subotom.
nedelja praznik /blagdan
Da li idete u pozorite ponedeljnikom? Ne" ne idem.

Ne" ne idem u pozorite ponedeljkom.
Ja radim ponedeljkom.
Retko kad idem u pozorite ponedeljkom"
jer je ponedeljak radni dan.
utorak sreda
oetvrtak petak
Da li vi radite subotom? Da" na alost" ja cesto radim sUb~tom.
Ne" sreom ja nikad ne radim subotom.
nedelja praznik / blagdan
334

Da li je zeleznicka veza s Beogradom Da, dobra je.

dobra? Ne, nije tako dobra.
Da, zeleznicka veza s Beogradom je
vrlo dobra.
Ne, zeleznicka veza s Beogradom nije
dobra. Rava je.
Zagreb Sarajevo Hercegovina

Skoplje Dalmacija Kragujevac
Split Ni
Da li idete u grad Avalskim putem? Da, obino idem u grad Avalskim putem.
Ne, retko kad idem u grad Avalskim
putem.
Da, cesto puta idem u grad Avalskim
putem.
Ne, ne idem u grad Avalskim putem.
Ne, nikad ne idem u grad Avalskim
putem.
Dedinjski bulevar taj put

Pukinova ulica Miloeva ulica
ta ulica
The adjective for the negative answer is given in parentheses for each
item.
Da li Je Jovan zadovoljan sa svojim Jeste.

kupatilom? Nije.
Da, on je zadovoljan sa svojim kupatilom.
Ne, on nije zadovoljan sa svojim
kupatilom. Neispravno je.
njegova soba (prljava) gradski saobraaj (neureen)

svoj (/njegov) hotel (skup) njegov novi auto (nije u redu)
Da li se vi sluzite ovim stolom? Da, sluimo se.

Ne, ne sluzimo se, jer je vrlo dobar.
Da, sluzimo se tim stolom.
Ne, ne sluzimo se tim stolom, jer je
mali.
335

taj krevet (neudoban) va auto (neispravan)

ova stolica (neispravna) gradska prevozna sredstva (neureen)
Da li se sluite srpskohrvatskim Da, sluim se.

jezikom? Ne, ne sluim se.
Da, sluzim se srpskohrvatskim jezikom,
ali ne govorim dobro.
Ne, ne sluzim se srpskohrvatskim
jezikom. Na zalost, ja ne znam
srpskohrvatski.
engleski jezik f'rancuski jezik

neki stran jezik nemacki jezik
Da li je veza vozom s Novim Sadom Jeste, dobra je.

dobra? Ne, nije dobra.
Jeste, veza s Novim Sadom je dobra.
Ne, veza s Novim Sadom nije dobra.
Prilicno je rava.
Stara Pazova Nika Banja Slavonska Pozega Vrnjacka Banja

Slavonski Brod Generalski Stol Bosanski Brod Gorski kotar
Rogaka Slatina Sremska Mitrovica
Use the instrumental plural of the nouns listed~
Da li su vai prijatelji zadovoljni Jesu, zadovoljni su.

s pozoritima ovde? Ne, nisu zadovoljni.
Da, moji prijatelji su zadovoljni
mnogo sa pozoritima ovde.
Ne, moji prijatelji nisu zadovoljni
sa pozoritima ovde.
kafana kua put

covek autobus restoran
bioskop hotel voz / vlak
trolejbus gradsko prevozno sredstvo tramvaj
336


U kancelariju idem autom. Kako idete u kancelariju?
U pozorite i bioskop idemo Kad idete u pozorite i bioskop?

cetvrtkom i subotom.
U pozorite idemo s naim prijate- S kim idete u pozorite? IDa li idete u

ljima gospodinom i gospoom Jovi. pozorite u drutvu s nekim?
Sreom, ja subotom ne radim. Da li vi radite subotom?
U kancelariju idem Dedinjskim Kojim putem idete u kancelariju? IKuda
bulevarom i Miloevom ulicom. idete u kancelariju?
Ja se retko sluzim gradskim saobra- Da li se sluzite gradskim saobraanjim

ajnim sredstvima. sredstvima?
Veza s Topciderskim brdom je Kakva je veza s Topciderskim brdom?

prilicno dobra.
Jovan putuje cesto u Zagreb. Da li Jovan putuje cesto u Zagreb?
Jovan nikad ne putuje u Zagreb Zar Jovan nikad ne putuje u Zagreb.

vozom, ve kolima ili avionom.
On putuje ce~e kolima nego avionom. Da li on putuje cee kolima ili avionom?
Jovan putuje sutra u Zagreb s jednim S kim Jovan putuje u Zagreb?

gospodinom. jJovan ne putuje
sutra u Zagreb ni s kim. On
putuje sam.
Vi treba da se upoznate s Joviima. S kim treba da se upoznamo?
Mi se sluzimo srpskohrvatskim Da li se sluzite srpskohrvatskim

jezikom, ali ne govorimo. jezikom? IDa li se sluzite nekim
stranim jezikom?
Zora govori srpskohrvatski svakog Da li govorite s nekim srpskohrvatski.

dana sa mnom.
Jovan je zadovoljan sa cistoam u Da li je Jovan zadovoljan sa cistoam

hotelu. u hotelu?
Ja sam zadovoljam sa svojom novom Da li ste zadovoljni sa svqjom novom

dunou. duznou?
337

UNIT 15 SERBO- CROATIA?\

GD 15.5.1
A B
Da li poznajete gospodina i gospou Ne, ne poznajem ih.

Jovi?
Oni su jako dobri i prijatni ljudi. Da, znam. Svi nai prijatelji to
kazuo
Mi idemo cesto kod njih i oni dolaze To je jako lijepo. Meri i ja zelimo
kod nas. da se upoznamo s njima.
To je lako. Oni dolaze u cetvrtak Hvala, ali ne mogu da doem. Ja

uvecer kod nas na kavu. Ako zelite petkom radim.
da s e upo znate a nj ima, doi te
i vi kod nas poslije osam.
v
Sta je s tim, i ja radim. Mi ne Zao mi je, ali ne mogu ostati uvecer
ostajemo dugo. l kad sutradan radim.
Onda, znate ta? Jeste li slobodni Jesam.

u subotu?
Mi idemo s Jovieima na izlet u subotu. Vrlo rado, Meri i ja inace jo ne

Ako hoete, mozete i vi ii s nama. poznajemo okolicu Beograda.
Samo ne zelimo smetati vas i vae
prijatelje.
Ne, i mi i nai prijatelji volimo Ako je tako, onda u redu. Gdje idete
drutvo. na izlet?
Idemo na Fruku goru. Da li je Fruka gora daleko odavde?
Nije. To je u okolici Novog Sada, Da, znam. Da li idete putem u pravcu

ako znate gdje je Novi Sad. Novog Sada?
Ne, ovaj put idemo preko Srijemske Vrlo dobro.

Mitrovice.
na AH n03HajeTe rocnO~HHa H rocno~y He, He n03HajeM HX.

JOBHh?
0HH cy SPAO Ao6pe H npHjaTHH ~Y~H. na, 3Hau. CBH HaWH npHjaTe~H TO Ka~y.
l /ostati
, / Ito stay., / ostajati,
' ,
ostajem/ Ito be stayingI
338

MH O~~3HKO ~eCTO RO~ &aX H OHH To je BP~O ~eno. Mepa a ja .e~KO Aa

~0Jl83e KO~ HaC. ce yno3Hallo e aMila.
To je JUlKO. OHH ~OJUl3e y ~eTBpTaK XBaJl8, aAR He lIory ~a ~o~ell. Ja neTKOK

YBe~e ROA HaC Ha Ra~y. AKO ze~Te Aa paAHK.
ce yno3HaTe e &HKa, AO~BTe B BH KO~
Hac nocJle ocaK.
MTa je C THK, H ja pa~uK. Mu He ~O MH je, a~ He Mory Aa ceAHK yse~e
ce~BIIO ~yro. Ka~ cYTpa~aH paAHII.
OH~a, 3HaTe mTa? JeCTe cAo6o~HH y Jecall.

cy60TY?
MH u~ello c JOBuhuIla Ha U3AeT y cy60TY. BpAO pa~o, MepH u ja HHa~e jom He

AKO xoheTe, KozeTe H BH Hhu c HaMa. n03HajeMo OKOARHy BeorpaAa. CaMO He
zeAHIIO Aa Y3HeMupaBallo sac H same
npHjaTe~e.
He, H liH H HamH npHjaTe~H BO~MO AKO je TaKO, OH~a y pe~y.
ApymTBO. rAe RAeTe Ha H3AeT?
HHje. To je y OKOARHH Hosor CaAa, ~a, 3Hall. ~a AH HAeTe nyTell y npaBI:(y

aKO 3HaTe rAe je HOBH CaA. HOBor Ca~a?
He, osaj nyT HAellO npeKo CpellcKe BpJlo ~o6po.
MUTpOsHQe.
GD 15.5.2
Cujem da putujete u Zagreb. Da, putujem.
Kad putujete? Prekosutra.
Kako idete, autom ili vlakom? Idem vlakom.
S kirn putujete? Putujem sa zenom i djecom.
Kakav je saobraaj sa Z~grebom? Saobraaj je vrlo dobar. Ima mnogo

Ima li dovoljno vlakova? vlakova.
339

Da li Je udobno putovati vlakom? Da" Jest.

Da li su vlakovi ovdje skupi? Nisu.
Kakve su ovdje ceste? Nisu lo~e.
Putujete li cesto? Da" putujem.
Da li se sluzite autom kad putujete? Da" mnogo vie autom nego vlakom.
Hoete li negdje putovati? Da" treba putovati za Ni" a ne znam
kakva je cesta.
Cesta do Nia je dobra. Mozete Jako dobro. Hvala vam na obavjetenju.
putovati autom.
Nema na cemu.
Aa, nYTyjeK.
Ka,ll nYTyjeTe? IIpeKoeYTpa.
KaKO H,lleTe, Ko~ua H~H Boaou? HAell BoaOK.
e KRK nYTyjeTe? IIYTyjeu ea zeBOM H ,lleQOK.
RaKBa je Beaa ea 3arpe60M? Beaa je BP~O ,ll06pa. HMa IlBOrO BoaOBa.

,lI,a ~ HMa AOBO~O BoaOBa?
}la ~ je YA06uo nyToB8TH BoaOM? Aa, jeeTe.
,lI,a ~ ey BoaOBH OB,lle eKynH? HHey.
KaRBK ey OB,lle nYTeBH? HHey p~aBH.
lJ.a ~ BH nYTyjeTe 'leeTO? ,lJ.a, nYTyjell.
Jla JIH ce e~.HTe KO~Ma RaA nYTyjeTe? ,lJ.a, IIBoro BBme ROJIHKa aero BoaOK.
lJ.a JIH XOheTe Ber,lle Aa nYTyjeTe? Aa, Tpe6a ,lla nYTyjeK Y HHm, a ae aaaK
KaRaB je nyT.
nyT ,ilO Rema je ,llo6ap. Bp~o Ao6po. XBa~ BaK Ba o6aBemTe~.
MOEeTe IIyToBaTH KOJIHKa.
HeMa Ha 'IeMy.
340

GD 15.5.3
Gdje stanujete? Stanujem na Dedinju.
Kako idete u ured? Idem autom.
Kojim putem idete? Idem Dedinjskim bulevarom.
Zato ne idete Avalsklm putem? Idem neki put 1 Ava1skim putem.

Idem jednim ili drugim putem.
Vi stanuJete na Topciderskom brdu, zar
ne?
Jest. Kako vi idete u ured?
Idem obicno tro1ejbusom. Je li veza tro1eJbusom sa Topciderskim

brdom dobra?
Jest. Da li vi idete nekad tro1ejbusom Ne idem nikad.

u ured.
Zato se nikad ne koristite Nije dobra veza sa uredom.

tro1ejbusom?
r.n:e cTaHyjeTe?
ROjHM nyTeu H.n:eTe?
3amTO He HAeTe Asa~CKHM nYTeM? H.n:eM HeKH nyT H ABa~CKHM nyTeY.

HAeK je.n:HHM H~H .n:PY~HM nyTeY.
BH cT8HyjeTe Ha Ton~H.n:epCKOK 6p.n:y,
je Jl1Te?
JeCTe. KaRO BH HAaTe y RaH~eJlRpHjy?
HAaK 06H~HO Tpo~ej6ycOK. ~a ~H je Beaa Tpo~ej6ycOK ca

Ton~H.n:epCRUM 6p.n:OK Ao6pa?
JeCTe. Aa ~ BH UAeTe HeRaA He HAeM HUKa.n:.

Tpo~ej6ycOM y RaHueJlRpujy?
3amTO ce HURSA He C~ZHTe Tpo~ej6ycOK? Huje MU .n:06pa Beaa ca KaHueJlRpujoM.
341


GD 15.6.1 Make questions to which the following sentences will be the
appropriate informational answers.
Obicno idem u grad Avalskim putem.

U nedelju idem na izlet s jednim prijateljem.
Veza vozom s Novim Sadom je vrlo dobra.
Mi razgovaramo srpskohrvatski sa Zorom.
Roditelji stanuju zajedno sa bratom.
Treba da svrim jedan hitan posao sa savetnikom Smitom.
Mi se sluzimo francuskim jezikom.
Jedna zena zeli da razgovara sa gospodinom savetnikom.
Treba da razgovaram s ovim ~ovekom.
Mi zelimo da se upoznamo s Joviima.
GD 15.6.2 Write out another set of questions with Ida li/ and give negative
long answers.
342

UNIT 16
Travelling by Train Putovanje vlakom nyToBa:ae B030M
A
I I
Why are you going by Zato putujete vl~kom, 3amTo nYTyjeTe B030M, a He
train and not by car , I , #
gentlemen)? a ne autom gospodo? KOJIHIla rocno~o?
automobile highway auto-put / ayTo-nyT / aYTonjT

autoput
ready, finished gotov, -a, -o rOTOB, -a, -o
I
The autoput to Skopje is Autoput do Skoplja je
finished.
gotov. rOTOB.
because, for jer jep
safer sigurnije
winter, cold zfma 3Hlla
,
Because I think it is Jer mislIm, da je Jep MHC~iu, ~a je cHrypHHje
safer to go by train , .. I
than by car. It's still sigurnije putovati nyToBaTH B030M l Hero
winter. I
vlakom nego autom. KOJUUla. Jom je I 3Blla. -
l
Jo je zfma.
A
international express ekspres eKcnp~c .. J

or, meunrodnI b~z! Me~YHipo~HH 6P3H BOG
vlak
Yugoslav express b~z! vlak
I j
What train are you going Kojim vlakom putuj~te, KOjHIl B030M nyTyjeTe,
by, the international, or I
the Yugoslav express? ekspresom ili b~z!m? :KcnpecoM II HJU! 6P3HM
B~30M?#
343

B
I
(Weire going) by the Putujemo bf.zIm.
Yugoslav express.
, -
to take, get uzeti, da uzmem yaeTH, .na yaMell
taxi taksi (m.) TaRcH
, # l ,
We must take a taxi to T5mo, m5ramo uzeti TOKO, MopaMO yaeTH TaRCH
the station, Tom. I ,
taksi do kolodvora. 11.0 cTaHHn;e.
to be afraid of bojati se, 60jaTH ce, ojHK ce

(with G)
bOJIm se
,
to be late zakasniti" da aaKaCHHTH, .na
zakasnIm a8.KaCHHM
or, zadoeniti" da aa.nOUHHTK, Aa
zadoenIm
,
aaAoUHHM
-
lest we be late, da ne zakasnImo .na He aaKaCHHMO
that we not be late
or, da rie zadocnImo Aa He a~,lJ,OIlHMMO
I I
Ilm afraid we might be BojIm se da ne BOjHM ce Aa He a~,lJ,O~HMO.
late.
zakasnImo.
At the Railroad Station Na Kolodvoru
card, ticket k~rta KapTa

,
class ra.zred K.lI8ca
- III ~ ,
Two first-class tickets, Molim dvije k~rte MO~HM ABe KapTe npBe K~ce,
express, to Skopje, I
please.
l ,
prvog razreda brzIm"
,
6~aHv,1 11.0 CK~n~.
do Skoplja.
e
I # TPH xH~Ae ocaM l'
Here you are, three thou- Izvolte, trI tisue HaB~~Te,
'I
sand eight hundred l , I, I

dinars. osam stotina dinara. cTOTHHa tl.HHapa.
~ l'
(He gives [hirn] 5000 (D~je 5.000 [p~t (~aje 5.000 IneT xH~Aal
dinars.) I
tisua] dinara.) AHHapa. )
344

With the Porter Sa nos~em ea Hoca~eK (Hoca~)
to carry in Unijeti da unesem -

yHeTH, Aa yHeceu
carry inI unesite yHecHTe
suitcase koveg pl.

kovcezi (Cr.)
OpI. kovega:
_ # I I J.
Please take these two MolIm, unesite ova dv~ MOAHM yaecHTe osa Asa
suitcases to the express I I
train for Skopje. kovcega u b~zi vl~k x~~epaly 6~3H S~3 3a
za Skoplje. Cxon.l)e.
to occupy, take zauzeti, da

zauzmem
take zauzmite
compartment xyne
possible mogue
beside, next pokraj nopeA
window prazor npo30p

I J. j I
3aY3MHTe Asa MeeTa y xyney
Take two seats in a first-
class compartment next
to the window, if it is
..
Zauzmite dv! mjesta u
,
kupeu prvog razreda,
-
npse xAace, aRO je
I I I
Ko~yhe,
possible. I _
ako je mogUe, pokraj nope.n. np030pa.
prOzora.
D
I
Yes, sir. Molim, gospodine. MO~HM, ~ocnOAHHe.
I _ I
In the First-Class Waiting U ekaoni prvog rzreda Y ~eKaOHH~H npse K~ce
Room (eka6na) (~;KaOHHua)
to be starting, polaziti, polazIm nO~3HTH, nO~3HM

leaving
,.1 I lj. J.
When does the express train Kad polazi brzI vlak KaA nOAa3H 6P3H B03 3a
for Skopje leave?
za Skoplje? CKon~e?
345

E
" .,.
hour s.t G pl. stt! caT, caTH
or, Ura (Cr.)
.. ..
or, eas pl. ea:sovi 'lac, '1aCOBH
I
It leaves at 6:20 P.M. Polazi u 18 sttI i n~~3H y 18 '1~coBaIH 20
2b minUta. MHHyTa.
to arrive, to be stizati, stiz~m CTM3aTH,

.. .
CTHZEUI
-
arriving
I
I
And when does it arrive A kad stiz~ u Skoplje?
in Skopje?
E
...
T&'1aH, Ta'lBa, -o
"
exact, correct tocan, tocna, -o
exactly, correctly tocno

.
Ta'lHO
,
drive, driving, v5znja BOJCBa
riding
, I , J. .,.
time-table r~d v5nj~ peA BOzae
, ,
ticket window blag~jna mamep
.. _ Ito~no,vldite
# l
''y!
.. #
I donlt know exactly; look Ne znam u He aHa:u: Ta'lHO, BHAHTe y
at the time-table or
ask at the window.
L
redu '
voznje Iili P~AY B5zae J HAH n~TajTe
.
p!tajte na blag~jni. Ha DIaJITepy.
A
.. ...
to buy kUpiti, da kUpIm KynHTH, Aa KynHM
, ,
departure polazak, polaska, nO~3&R, nOJIaCKa,
,
pl. polasci noJI8.C~
Do I have time to bUy a Da li imam vremena da ~a

JIH HMaN Bpe:u:eHa Aa
time-table before the J. J. ~ _I J.
train leaves? KynHM pe~ BOzae npe
polaska vItka?
nOJIacKa B03a?
"#
fUll, plenty pUn, pUna, pUno "

nyH, "
nyHa, "
nyHO
J. '
You have plenty of time. Imate mnogo vremena. H:u:aTe nyHo Bpe:u:eHa.
346

to drink up popiti, da popijem
to start, leave P6i, da p5em nohH, Aa no~eM
before it leaves prlje to p5e npe H~ro mT6In~~e

I " J
You can not only get a Moete ne samo ~zeti Mo~eTe He cako yaeTH pe~
time-table but also
I '~
I I ,
!. ,
drink something before red vo~nje vec i BOE&e, Beh H nonHTH
the train leaves. I I J' l
popiti neto prlje HeIDTO ope Hero mTO
J. _
polaska. oo~e Boa.
Thank you kindly. , I l

Hvala ljepa.
Don1t mention it.
Note: The spelling Skopje is based on the Macedonian pronunciation of the word.
The Serbo-Croatian is /Skoplje/. For the alternation of /p/ with /plj/ in
Serbo-Croatian see Note 25.2.
Grammatical Notes
Note 16.1 Noun: Vocative
Dobar dan, gospodine Joviu.

Milo mi je gospodo da se upoznamo.
Da li je Torna kod kue gospoo?
Kelner, donesite mi molim jo jednu kafu.
Ana, dajte tu kafu mojoj majci.
Most masculine and feminine nouns have in the singular a special ending
when used as terms of address. The most frequent masculine ending is l-el:
jgospodine/ Isir,l. After palatals, and (unpredictably) with certain other
nouns, the ending is j-u/: /J5viu/. Most feminine a-nouns have /0/: jgospodo/,
jgospooj. Those in j-ica/ regularly have l-el: jgospoice/. There is no
vocative for neuter nouns, the nominative form being used. A number of /a/
nouns, and some masculine nouns, use the nominative form: /Ana/, /kelner/.
With some ja/ nouns either the nominative or the vocative may be used: jm~jka/
'motherI /m~jka/ or /m~jko/ ImotherJI, /deda/ Igrandfather l (m. noun) jdeda/ or
jdedo/ IgrandfatherJI, though the use of the nominative here is considered col-
loquial.
347

There is also very frequently a shift or change of stress, a short fall on the
first syllable being very common in the vocative (/gospodO/ but /gosoda/).
There is no adjective vocative ending. The nominative is used when an adjective
accompanies a noun in the vocative: /dragi moj prijatelju/ 'my dear friend!',
/draga moja sestro/ 'my dear sister!'. A few plurals have a vocative in /,/
where the nominative has /,/: Np /sestre/ Vp /sestre/. Otherwise there is no
vocative plural form. (/deco/ 'children!') is regUlar in form. Np /ene/ V /ene/
would be a slightly shorter example.
Note 16.2 Noun and Adjective: Review

Following are examples of nouns and adjectives, illustrating the forms
which have been discussed. The vocative is omitted where not likely to be used.
The forms given for the indefinite adjective are not the traditional ones for
GDI but the definite with a short vowel, reflecting us age rather than school
grammars. In literary style the genitive and dat ive indefinite masculine singu-
lar endings of the adjectives are the same as for the noun: l-al and l-ul, so
1.1.1 below G /l~pa kreveta/ D /l~pu krevetu/, 1.1.2 G /dobra kelnera/ D/dobru
kelneru/, etc. These forms may be met in reading.
l Masculine
1.1 Non-palatal stems, adjective and noun
1.1.1 Inanimate
Indefinite Definite
N l~p krevet l~pi kreveti l~pI krevet l~pI kreveti

A l~p krevet l~pe krevete l~pI krevet l~pe krevete
,
G lepog kreveta l~pIh kreveta l~pog kreveta l~pIh kreveta
,
D l~pom krevetu lepIm krevetima l~pom krevetu l~pIm krevetima
,
I lepim krevetom l~pIm krevetima l~pIm krevetom l~pIm krevetima
Noun with /k/ to /c/ before /-i/, /-ima/.

N pr~znIk pr.znicI
A pr~znIk pr~znIke
G pr~znIka pr.znIka
D pr~znIku pr~znIcima
I pr~znlkom pr~zn!cima
348

1.1.2 Animate
Indei'inite Dei'inite
N dobar ovek dobri ljUdi dobrI ovek dobrI ljUdi

A dobrog(a) oveka dobre ljUde dobrog(a) oveka dobre ljUde
G dobrog(a) oveka dobrIh IjITdI dObrog(a) oveka dobrIh ljUdI
..
D dobrom(e) oveku dobrim(a) ljUdima dobrom(e) oveku dobrIm(a) ljudima
I dobrim ovekom dObrim(a) ljUdima dobrim ovekom dobrIm(a) ljUdima
dobrI ovece dobrI ljUdi
1.1.3 Non-palatal stem, noun, extended
N gr~d gradovi
A gr~d gradove
G gr~da grad5va
D gr~du / gr~du gradovima
I gr~dom gradovima
1.2 Palatal stems

1.2.1 Palatal stem, adjeetive (with inanimate noun)
Indei'inite Dei'inite
.. ,
N vrUe d~n vrUi d~ni vrUi d~n vrUI d~ni
.. , ' , ' ,
A vri1e d~n vruee d~ne vrUI d~n vruee d~ne
,, .. , .. ,
G vrUeeg d~na vrUIh d~na vrueeg d.na vrueIh d~na
,, .. ,
D vrueem d~nu .. vrUIm d~nima vrueem d~nu , vrUIm d~nima
.. / danu .. , .. Idanu
I vrUIm danom vrUIm d~nima vrueIm danom vrUIm d.nima
1.2.2 Palatal stem, noun (animate), with non-palatal adjeetive
De.finite
N dobrI prijatelj dobrI prijatelji

A dobrog prijatelja dobre prijatelje
G d5brog prijatelja dobrIh prijatelja
D dobrom prijatelju dobrIm prijateljima
I dobrIm prijateljem dobrIm prijateljima
V dobrI prijatelju dobrI prijatelji

1.2.3 Palatal stem, noun, extended

with moveable lal
N mU muevi otac o~evi
,
A mUa mueve oca o~eve
,
G mUa mu~va: oca o~eva
,
D mUu muevima ocu o~evima
,
I mUem muevima ocem o~evima
V mUu muevi oce oevi
1.3 Nouns with replacement of stem in the plural
N gospodin gospoda brat braa ovek ljUdi

A gospodina gospodu brata brau oveka ljUde
G gospodina gospode brata brae oveka ljUdI
D gospodinu gospodi bratu brai oveku ljUdima
I gospodinom gospodom bratom braom ovekom ljUdima
V gospodine gospodo brate brao ~ove~e ljUdi
2 Neuter
2.1 Non-palatal stems l adjective and noun
N l~po selo l~pa sela l~po selo l~pa sela

A l~po selo l~pa sela l~po selo l~pa sela
G l~pog sela l~plh s~la l~pOg sela l~p!h s~la
D l~pom selu l~plm selima l~p5m selu l~p!m selima
I l~pim selom l~pIm selima l~p!m selom l~pIm selima
2.2 Palatal stems l adjective and noun

,
N nae polje naa polja
A nae polje naa polja
G na~eg polja na~Ih p6lj~
D naem polju naim poljima
I naIm poljem naIm poljima
2.3 Shortened stem in Nominative/Accusative. Replacement stem in plural

,
N d~te deca
A d~te decu
,
G deteta dece
D detetu deci
I detetom deC5m
V d~te deco
350

3 Feminine
3.1 Feminine Nouns in lal
3.1.1 Indefinite Definite
, ,
N lepa zena lepe zene l~pa zena l~pe zene
, ,
A lepu zenu lepe zene l~pi1 zenu l~pe zene
G l~pe zene l~plh z~na l~pe zene l~plh z~na:
D l~poj zeni l~pIm enama l~poj zeni l~p!m zenama
I l~pom enom l~pIm zenama l~pom enom l~p!m zenama
l~pa zEmo l~pe zEme
3.1.2 Feminine /a/ noun with 3.1.3 Feminine /a/ noun with G pl.
moveable /a/ in /-i/. Note also /k/ to
/c/ before /-i/.
,
N sestra sestre N m~jka m. j ke
,
A sestru sestre A m~jku m. j ke
G sestre sest~ra G m~jke m.jkI
,
D sestri sestrama D m~jci m. j kama
I sestrom sestrama I ~jkSm ma: j kama
V sestro sestre V m~jko majke
3.2 Feminine /i/ nouns

Regular Unpredictable in Nom.
.. , .. ,
N noc noci kI keri
.. , "
A nesc noi k~r kceri
', " ker!
G noi noc! kceri
', ,,
D noci noima "
kceri kcerima
' , ,, ',
I nocu nocima keri/k~rju kcerima
V noi noi "
kceri "
kceri
Note 16.3 Pronoun and Pronominal Adjectives: Review

Following is a general review of the pronouns and pronominal adjectives.
Personal Pronouns
m. n. f.
, ,
N j ti 5n, ono ona
, ,
A mene me tebe te njega ga nJU je/ju
, , ,
G mene me tebe te njega ga nj~ je
D meni mi tebi ti njemu mu nj5j joj
,
I mnom tobom njIm nj5m
351

m. n. f.
,
N ml vl oni, ona, one
A nils nas vils vas njIh ih
G nils nas vils vas njIh ih
, ,
D nama nam vama vam njima im
, ,
I nama vama njima
Reflexive Pronoun Demonstrative Pronouns
N NA t5 ovo ono
, , ,
A sebe se G toga ovoga onoga
, ,
G sebe D tome ovome onome
,
D sebi I tIm ovIm onIm
I sobom
Interrogative Pronouns
ko ta
koga kog ta
,
koga kog cega
kome kom cemu
kIme kIm elm
/komul may also be heard for /kome/.

The derivative /ntta/ Inothing l is declined like lta/, Inlkol like /kO/.
Pronominal Adjectives
m. n. f. m. n. f.
N t~j t5 t~ tl t~ t~
A ~j toga t5
./
tu
~ilr
t~
/
--v-
G toga t~ tIh
D t5m t5j tlm
I tlm t5m tlm
/6vaj/ and /6naj/ are declined the same way.
m. n. f. m. n. f.
N kOJI koj~ koja: kojI koja koje
, ,
A ~jI k5ga I kojega koje
,/
koju koje koja koje
--...."..-
, ,
G k5ga / kojega koje kojIh
,
D k5m / kojem koj6j kojIm
,
I kojim kojom kojIm / kojIma
352

InekI/ Isome' is similarly declined N /neki/ G /nekog, nekoga/ D Inekom/

I /nekim/ etc. /m5j/ Imy' and /sv5j/ 'one's own' have the same type of shortened
forms as IkojI/: N Isv5j/ G /sv5ga/ or /svojega/, etc.
m. n. f. m. n. f.
, , , , ,
sav sve sva svi sva sve
, , , , , , ,
,sav svega sve svu ~ sva sve
~ , ...r .-'"
svega sve svIh
,
svemu sV5j svfma I svIm
svfma svIm
Grammatical Drill
GD 16.1 Review of the Nouns and Pronouns - Case Drill

GD 16.1.1 Nominative
l. Make the substitutions indicated with plural transform.

2. Repeat the same drill with pronoun transform.
Moj sin putuje avionom u Jugoslaviju.
moja ki naa majka Zorina sestra ovaj stari gospodin

na otac moj brat Tomin prijatelj ovo dete
Moj sin mora uzeti taksi da ne zadoeni za voz.

Moj sin se boji da ne zadoeni za voz.
Moj sin je zadovoljan svojim putem u Evropu.
Substitution Drill with /ima/ 'there ist
Ima jedna lepa velika soba.

Nema nijedna lepa velika soba.
jedno lepo pozorite jedan mali, ali dobar restoran jedna lepa zgrada
jedan dobar bioskop jedno ispravno kupatilo jedan udoban krevet
Jedno malo ogledalo jedna poruka
GD 16.1.2 Genitive
Substitution drill with plural transform.
Kua moga prijatelja je vrlo lepa.

Kua moga prijatelja nije tako lepa.
353

moj brat Jovanova sestra njegovo dete

Tomin sin vaa ki va srodnik
Pismo moga prijatelja je vrlo lepo.

Restoran moga prijatelja je vrlo dobar, iako je jeftin.
Soba moga prijatelja je velika i udobna.
Hotel moga prijatelja je dobar, ali skup.
Posao moga prijatelja je teak.
Substitution Drill
Moram uzeti taksi do elezni~ke stanice, jer ne elim da zadocnim.
kancelarija hotel Topidersko brdo

Dedinje kua moga prijatelja Zeleni venac
ambasada Narodno pozorite bioskop
Moji roditelji stanuju blizu zelezni~ke stanice.

Brat dolazi sa zelezni~ke stanice kroz pola sata. (Use preposition /sa/ or /iz/
as required. With item /kua moga prijatelja/ use preposition /od/ only.)
Deca moraju uzeti taksi od zelezni~ke stanice do kue, jer je ve no.
Substitutlon drill with negative transform
Ima crnog vina.
hladna voda hladno pivo telee meso hladno meso

,
vru aj crni hleb vruca supa hladan aj
U gradu ima dobrih bioskopa.
lep park lepa zgrada udobna kua

dobra kafana lep spomenik dobro pozorite
Jovan kaze da u gradu ima nekoliko dobrih bioskopa.

Jovan kaze da u gradu nema mnogo dobrih bioskopa.
Jovan ne zna da li u gradu ima dobrih bioskopa.
354

Moj prijatelj ide svakog dana na Topcidersko brdo.
svaka subota ova subota taj dan

svaki ponedeljak to vece svaki cetvrtak
ova sreda ovaj petak ovaj utorak
Make each l substitution with original sentence, then with each 2 substitu-
tions. Use /dve/ as appropriate.
2 l
U ovoj kui stanuju dva stara coveka.
l 2
mala porodica tri
na prijatelj cetiri
Zorin srodnik
stari gospodin
stara gospoa
malo dete s majkom
2 l
U gradu ima ~ velikih hotela.
l 2
dobar bioskop sedam
mala kafana rrmogo
lepa ulica osam
lep spomenik malo
dobro pozorite nekoliko
jedanaest
2 l
U ovoj kui stanuje petoro male dece.
l 2
stara gospoda dvoje
moja braa rrmogo
estoro
nekoliko
desetoro
Substitution Drill
Dobro se seam vaeg brata.

Ne seam se dobro vaeg brata.
Tomin otac na izlet na Fruku goru

Jovanova majka na put u Dalmac~ju
355

Jovan se boji ravog vremena.

Jovan se ne boji ravog vremena.
neispravna kola neureen saobraaj tekoe na putu

rav put veliki saobraaj hladno vreme
Substitution drill with pronoun transfarm.
Jovii stanuju blizu Tome. Jovii stanuju blizu njega.
Zora vi i va brat moja sestra

moja zena 1 ja Jovan 1 Zora moj brat
Oni dolaze sutra u posetu kod Tome.

On stize u Beograd pre Tome.
Substitution Drill with negative transfarm.
On me se sea. ti
Oni me se boje. on
ona
mi
vi
oni
GD 16.1.3 Dative
l. Make the indicated substitutions with plural transfarm.

2. Repeat the same drill with pronoun transfarm, using the emphatic
forms of the pronouns only for the items in the beginning of the
sentence.
Dajte ovo pismo mojoj keri. Dajte ovo pismo mojim kerima.
Dajte ~ ovo pismo.
moj sin va prijatelj ta zena njihov otac

moja sestra moj brat taj gospodin njihova majka
Recite mojoj keri da odmah doe u ambasadu.

Javite mojoj keri da sam u kancelariji i dan imam posla.
356

Mojoj keri treba za sutra soba sa kupatilom.

Mojoj keri je milo, gospoo, to ste zadovoljni.
Mojoj keri je ao, gospoice, to ne moete doi.
Dajte mi taj novac.
on mi
ona oni
Kaite mi kad dolazi.

Milo mi je to ste dobro.
Zao ~ je to niste dobro.
Treba mi hiljadu dinara.
In the sentences on the left side a pronominal adjective with a noun is

used. In the sentences on the right side the dative of the corresponding personal
pronoun is substituted for the adJective. The meaning of the sentence is the
same. The sentences on the right side being only more colloquial.
,
Moja kci je vrlo dobra. Ki mi je vrlo dobra.
,
Tvoja kci je vrlo dobra. Ki ti je vrlo dobra.
Njegova ki je vrlo dobra. Ki ~ je vrlo dobra.
,
Njena kci je vrlo dobra. Ki .J2.J. j e vrlo dobra
Naa ki je vrlo dobra. Ki ~ je vrlo dobra.
Vaa ki je vrlo dobra. Ki vam je vrlo dobra.
N.1ihova ki je vrlo dobra. Ki im je vrlo dobra.
Moja soba je lepa i cista.

Moj restoran je lep i cist, iako je jeftin.
Moj posao je vrlo dobar, ali teak.
Moja dunost je laka.
Moja kafa je potpuno hladna i ne mogu da je pijem.
,
Moje pivo je vruce i ne mogu da ga pijem.
Moj auto je nov.
Moja kola su nova.
Moja deca nisu ovde.
357

In the following drill use the preposition Ina/ instead of lu/ when required.
Jovan je u svojoj sobi.
narodno pozorite svoj hotel pota

zoloki vrt americka ambasada put
Moji prijatelji stanuju u Jovanovoj ulici br. 10.

lep kraj grada Cvetni trg br. 6
Topcidersko brdo Knez-Mihailova ulica br. 34
GD 16.1.4 Accusative
l. Make the substitutions as indicated with plural transform.

2. Repeat the same drill with pronoun transform. Use enclitic forms,
since they are more commonly used in this type of sentences.
v
Zelim da vidim Jovanovu sestru.
va brat Zorina ki taj covek ta zena

taj gospodin va otac
Otac i najka cekaju Jovanovu sestru.

Neko trai Jovanovu sestru.
Jovii poznaju Jovanovu sestru.
Oni zele da upoznaju Jovanovu sestru.
Majka zove Jovanovu sestru.
Substitution drill with plural transform.
Grad ima dobar hotel.
dobro pozorite velika i lepa ulica veliki trg

cista kafana lep i veliki spomenik dobar restoran
Substitution Drill
Moete popiti kafu pre nego to poe voz.
caj jedno pivo jedno vino
358

Voz stie u Skoplje u 10 casova.
Ljubljana Seana Sarajevo

Zagreb Zidani most Rogaka Slatina
Oni zele da ~ vide.
ja on vi
ti mi oni
Sentences for further drill:
Trae ~ neki ljudi.

Oni ~ dobro poznaju.
Treba mi soba za nju.
Ima pismo od nje.
GD 16.1.5 Instrumental
Moj prijatelj ima izvesnih tekoa s njegovim kolima.
svoja deca jedan gospodin neka gospoda svoj brat

jedno dete posao Jovanova braa
Jovan ide veceras u bioskop sa ~.
ti ona vi
on mi oni
GD 16.2 Review of the Nouns and Pronouns - Pronoun Transform Drill
In the sentences on the left side an adjective-noun phrase in one or

another case is used. On the right side a pronoun (in one sentence a pronominal
adjective) substitutes for the noun phrase. This drill may be used as a trans-
form drill or as question and answer with prompt. As a transform drill, the
student responds with the sentence on the right, substituting the pronoun form
for the noun phrase. As a prompt drill~ the sentences on the left are given and
an appropriate question made on the basis of it. The pronoun transform or a simi-
lar sentence will be the answer.
359

Moj brat putuje avionom u Zagreb. On putuje avionom u Zagreb.
Kua moga brata je lepa i velika. Njegova kua je lepa i velika.

Ima pismo od moga brata. Ima pismo od njega.
Mi stanujemo blizu moga brata. Mi stanujemo blizu njega.
Gospodin Jovi se ne sea moga brata. Gospodin Jovi ~ se ne sea.
Oni se ne boje moga brata. Oni ~ se ne boje.
Dajte ovaj novac mom bratu. Dajte ~ ovaj novac.
Dajte ovaj novac mom bratu, a ne Tomi. Dajte ovaj novac njemu, a ne Tomi.
Recite mom bratu da doe u ambasadu. Recite mu da doe u ambasadu.
Mom bratu treba soba sa kupatilom. Njemu treba soba sa kupatilom.
Mom bratu je milo to imate lepu sobu. Njemu je milo to imate lepu sobu.
Mom bratu je zao to nemate lepu sobu. Njemu je zao to nemate lepu sobu.
Ovaj gospodin zeli da vidi moga brata. Ovaj gospodin eli da ~ vidi.
Ovaj gospodin zeli da vidi moga brata, Ovaj gospodin zeli da vidi njega,
a ne vas. a ne vas.
Ova gospoda cekaju moga brata. Ova gospoda ~ cekaju.
Jovan trazi moga brata. Jovan .a! trazi.
G. Jovi ne poznaje moga brata. G. Jovi .a! ne poznaje.
Jovii zele da upoznaju moga brata, Jovii zele da ~ upoznaju.
Jedan gospodin zeli da govori s Jedan gospodin zeli da govori s njim.

mojim bratom.
G. i g-a Smit razgovaraju srpsko- G. i g-a Smit razgovaraju srpsko-

hrvatski s mojim bratom. hrvatski s njim.
Jovii idu veceras u pozorite s Jovii idu veceras u pozorite s njim.

mojim bratom.
moja sestra Zorina deca vaa ki

ti ljudi Tomini sinovi Zorina majka
360

GD 16.3 Review of the Nouns and Pronouns - Question Drill
a) On the left side a set of affirmative sentences with an adjective-noun

phrase in various cases is given. On the left side of each sentence an appropri-
ate question is made to which that sentence is a common answer.
b) Make the substitutions indicated and give an affirmative answer. The

negative answers may be only of the type /Niko ne putuje u Zagreb/ etc. The
phrases for substitution are underlined.
Moj brat putuje u Zagreb. Ko putuje u Zagreb?
Ima pismo od moga brata. Od koga ima pismo?

v
Moj brat se boji ravog vremena. Cega se boji va brat?
Oni se boje moga brata. Koga se oni boje?
v
To je kua moga brata. Cija je ovo kua?
Oni se seaju moga brata. Koga se oni seaju?
Moj brat se sea izleta na Fruku goru. ega se sea va brat?
Dajte ovaj novac mom bratu. Kome da dam ovaj novac? Ita da dam
vaem bratu?
Mom bratu treba soba za nedelju i Kome treba soba? Ita treba vaem bratu?
ponedeljak.
Recite mom bratu da danas posle podne ta da kaem vaem bratu?
doe u ambasadu.
Ova gospoda cekaju moga brata. Koga cekaju ova gospoda?
Moj brat ceka voz. ta ceka va brat.
Ta ena trai moga brata. Koga trai ova ena?
Moj brat trai odavno kuu na Dedinju. ta trai va brat?
Moj brat putuje vozom u Zagreb. Kako putuje va brat u Zagreb?

Moj brat eli da se upozna sa Joviima. S kim eli da se upozna va brat?
Moj brat razgovara svakog dana sa S kim va brat razgovara svakog dana
Zorom srpskohrvatski. srpskohrvatski?
Moj brat putuje u Zagreb. Gde putuje va brat? /Kuda putuje va

brat?
Moj brat stanuje na Dedinju. Gde stanuje va brat?
Moj brat ide u kafanu svake subote. Gde ide va brat svake subote? /Kuda ide
va brat svake subote?
361

Moj brat je veceras u kafani. Gde je va brat?
Tomina sestra Zorin otac

moji roditelji Jovanov prijatelj
Repeat this drill using the questions with Ida li/ and give affirmative
and negative answers first short, and then long. e.g.
Da li va brat putuje u Zagreb? Da, putuje.

Ne, ne putuje.
Da, ~ putuje u Zagreb.
Ne, on ne putuje u Zagreb.
Izvinite, ali ne znam da li ~ putuje
u Zagreb.

GD 16.4.1
A B
v
Cujem da cesto putujete u Skoplje. Jest, ja cesto putujem poslom u Skoplje.
Da li je to tocno?
Kako putujete, vlakom ili autom? Obieno putujem vlakom.
Zato putujete vlakom kad imate auto? Zbog loeg vremena. Jo je zima.
Kojim vlakom putujete? Brzim vlakom.
Da li ima meunarodnih vlakova do Da, ima, ali ja rijetko kad putujem

Skoplja? ekspresom.
Zato? Ne dobijam nita u vremenu, a ekspres je

vrlo skup za mene.
Da li su jugoslovenski brzi vlakovi Jesu. Vonja prvim razredom je jako

udobni. prijatna i udobna.
Koliko razreda ima na vaim vlakovima? Imaju dva razreda, prvi i drugi.
Koliko stoji karta drugog razreda? Ne znam tocno jer ne putujem drugim
razredom.
Da li je tocno da karta prvog razreda Mislim da je otprilike tako.

stoji dvaput vie od druge.
362

qyjeM ~a ~eCTO nYTyjeTe Y CKOn~e. JeCTe, ja ~eCTO nyTyjeM nOc~OM y

~a ~ je TO Ta~HO? CKon~.
KaKo nYTYJeTe, BOGOM H~ ayTOM? 06H~HO nYTyjev BOGOV.
3amTO nYTyjeTe BOGOM Ka~ HUQTe aYTO? 360r p~aBor BpeueHa. Jom je 3Bua.
KOjHM BOGOM nYTyjeTe? SP3HM BOGOM.
.a ~ Hua Ke~YHapO~HHX BOGOSa ~O ~a, HMa, a~ ja peTKO Ka~ nYTyjeu

CKon~a? eKcnpeCOM.
3amTO? He Ao6HjaM HHmTa y apeMeHy, a eRcnpec

je BP~O CKyn aa MeHe.
~a ~ CY jyroc~oBeHCRH 6P3H B030BH Jecy. BOm!>a npBoM R~aCOM je BpJlO

Y,ll;06XH? npHjaTHa H y~06Ha.
RO~KO R~aca HMa Ha BamHM BOGOBHua? Muajy ~Be K~ace, npBa H APyra.
KOAHKO RomTa KapTa ,ll;pyre K~ace? He GRaU Ta~HO, jep He nYTyjeM APyroM
RJtacou.
aa ~ je Ta~HO ~a KapTa npBe R~ace MHc~HU Aa je OTnpHJlHKe TaKO.

RomTa ABanyT BBIDe OA ~pyre.
GD 16.4.2
Da li vai jugoslavenski prijatelji Ne, ne govore.

govore engleski?
To Je jako dobro za vas. Vi sigurno Da, govorimo, ali ne UVijek. Ima tu

govorite s njima srpskohrvatski, jedna potekoa.
zar ne?
Kakva potekoa? Kao to znate mi ucimo srpskohrvatski

i zelimo da govorimo srpskohrvatski
kad god moemo.
To znam, ali ne razumijem kakva tu Cekajte malo, da cujete. Nije tako

ima poteskoa. To je jako jedno- jednostavno, kao to vi mislite.
stavno. l

Ne razumijem zato. Recite u cemu Stvar je u tome to oni uce engleski.

je stvar'
Pa tako kazi te. Sad razumijem. Mi zelimo da govorimo s njima

srpskohrvatski, a oni s nama engleski.
Pa to radite? Pa mi govorimo s njima malo srpskoh-

rvatski, a oni s nama engleski i
zaista nije loe. l
v
Sta mislite kad ka~ete nije loe? Pa nae potekoe na srpskohrvatskom
su njihove potekoe na engleskom
i ide jako dobro.
To je lijepo. Da, tako je. Treba samo da nas

cUjete kad razgovaramo.
~a ~ BamH jy~oc~oBeHcKH npHjaTe~H He, He ~oBope.
~oBope eBr~eCKH?
To je sp~o Ao6po aa sac. BH carypBo Aa, rosopHKO, a~ He yaeK. HMa TY

rOBopHTe c HHKa cpnCKoxps8TCKH, je.u,Ha TemKoha.
aap He?
KaKsa TemKOha? Kao mTO aHaTe MH y~HMO cpnCKoxpaaTCKH

H *e~KO .u,a rosopHKO cpncKoxpsaTCKH
RaA ~OA JloJCeJlo.
To aHaK, a~ He pasyweK KaKsa TY HKa ~eKajTe Ma~o, Aa ~yjeTe. HHje TaKO

TemKOha. To je BP~O npocTo. npOCTO, Rao mTO SH MHC~HTe.
He paayMeM samTO. PenaTe y ~eMY je CTBap je y TOKe mTO OHH y~e eHr~eCKH.
cTsap.
na TaKO Ka~HTe. GaA paayMeM. MH ze~MO Aa rOSOpHJlO C HaKa cpnCKO-

xpsaTCKH, a OBH C HaMa eH~JIeCKH.
Ila mTa paAHTe? na KH ~OSOPHKO C 5HJla Ka~o cpnCKO-

XpS8TCKH, a OBH C HaKa eBr~eCKa H Aa
sMARTe Haje p~aso.
WTa MHC~HTe RaA Ra~eTe Haje p~aBO. na Hame TeWROhe Ha cpnCKoxpsaTCKOM cy

~xOse Temxohe Ba eH~JIeCROK H HAe sp~o
l Ao6po.
/zaista/ lindeedi
364

To je Jleno. ~a, TaRo je. Tpe6a caKO Aa Hac ~yj~Te
KaA pa3J"osapaIlO.
GD 16.4.3
Jedan gospodin trazi gospodina Jovia. Zato mu ne kazete da moj muz nije kod
kue?
On ipak zeli da razgovara s vama. Dobro, pustite ga unutra.
Dobar dan, gospoo. Dobar dan, gospodine.
Ja sam ordevi, prijatelj vaeg Milo mi je gospodine ordeviu, da

muza. se upoznam s vama. Zao mi je to
Toma nije kod kue.
Mi treba da svrimo zajedno jedan On je jo na putu.

posao. Kad on dolazi kui?
Zar je on jo na putu? Jest.
Kad se vraa s puta? Vraa se sutra.
Molim vas, recite mu da doe u Jako rado. Da li on zna gdje

cetvrtak kod mene kui, poslije stanujete?
ureda.
Da, zna.
Hvala lijepo i do vienja, gospoo? Do vienja, gospodine.
Je~aH ~ocnOAHH TpazH ~ocnOAHBa JOBuha. 3amTO My He KazeTe Aa MOj MyZ Huje
KOA Kyhe?
OH ,HnaR Ee~ Aa pa3~OBapa c BaKa. ~06po, nycTHre ~a yHYTpa.
~06ap AaH, ~ocno~o. ~06ap A8H, ~ocnOAHHe.
Ja caM bop~eBuh, npujaTe~ Bame~ Ky38. Mu~o KU je ~ocnOAHHe bop~eBuhY, Aa ce

yno3HaM c Baua. ESo MU je mTO TOKa
HHje ROA Kyhe.
Nu Tpe6a Aa cspmHMO 3ajeAHo jeAaH nocao. OH je jom Ha nyTy.

RaA OH AO~3U KYhU?

3ap je OH jom Ha nYTY? JeCTe.
Ka~ ce Bpaha C nyTa? Bpaha ce CyTpa.

HM8Te HeKH nopyKy aa TOMY?
MO~HK Bac, MY ~a ~obe y

peUHT Bp~o pa~o. ~8 ~ OH aHa r~e cT8HyjeTe?
~epBpT8K KOA MeHe KYhB, noc~e
K8HueJJapBje.
XsaJJa ~eno B AOSHbeaa, rocnobo. ~O SH~eBa, rocnOABH8.
GD 16.5.1 Substitute in the following sentences a corresponding pronoun for

each underlined phrase.
Moj prijatelj je vrlo dobar covek.

On stanuje blizu mene i moje zene.
Moja zena i ja mnogo volimo naeg prijatelja i njegovu zenu.
Moj prijatelj i ja cesto izlazimo zajedno.
Mom prijatelju gospodinu Smitu je ao to ne govori srpskohrvatski.
Mojoj eni i meni treba kua sa pet soba i kupatilom.
Javite mojoj eni i keri da se vraam u Beograd u cetvrtak, a ne u sredu.
Moj prijatelj zeli da vidi svoga brata, a ne svoju sestru.
Jedan ~ovek trai gospodina Jovia.
Veceras moja ena i ja idemo u pozorite sa gospodinom i gospoom Jovi.
GD 16.5.2 Make questions to which the above sentences will be the appropriate
answers. Use Ida li/ or /li/ when no question word is involved.
366

UNIT 17
In Belgrade U Beogradu Y EeorpaAY

A
, '
you came do~li ste (d6i, Aom~ CTe (A~hH,
,
da d5em) Aa AO~M)
J
or, v~ ste doli BH cTe AOmJJH
I
A~m~1 Be~rpaA?#
I
When did you arrive in Kad ste doli u RaA cTe y
Belgrade?
Beograd?
B
,
I came (man doao sam .D.omao caK
speaking)
J
or, j~ sam doao ja caK .D.omao
past, last prolI, -a, -o "

npomJIH, -a, -
- -o -
alone, -self s~m, s.ma, s~mo caM, c~Ma, caKo
I I
I arrive d last week, by Doao sam prole ~omao caK npomAe He.D.e~e,
myself (Ibut alone'.) 6
nedjelje, ali s~m. aAH call.
.... I
hasnit come (f.) nije dola HHje .D.om.na
VI , I I
~Ha ea A;no)(lj~m H~je .D.~m.na.
My wife and children Zena sa djecom jo
havenit arrived yet.
nIje dola.
were you, have you jeste li bIli j~eTe AH'6~~

been
, ....
early rano paHO
earlier ranije p;HHje
Have you been in Belgrade Jeste (li) bIli J~eTe (~H) 6~~HlpaHHje y
before?
ranije u Beogradu? E~Orpa.D.Y?#
B
,;
it was bIlo je 6~~0 je
a long time ago dS.vno ,ll.8SHO
367

, I l l
Yes, but it was a long Jesam, ali t5 je bIlo JecaM, aJIH TO je 6HJIO
time ago.
d~vno. ,lI;aBHo.
civil servant, offi- cin~vnIk pl.

,.
'1HHOBHHK
-
cial, officer
cinc5vnIci
,
'qHHOBHH~H
-
, I
I was in Belgrade as a Bio sam u Begradu, BHO caM Y Beo~pa,ll;Y, Kao
young officer fifteen I .1 '- _I J.
years ago. kao mld cinovnIk M~,lI; 'IHHOBHHK npe
prlje p~tnaest godIna. .

neTRaeCT "
~O,ll;HHa.
--
A
I heard (man speaking) uo sam (uti, 'Iyo caM ('IYTH,

da cujem) lJ,a 'IYjeK)
l
or, j~ sam cuo ja caM 'Iyo
,
then, at that time TalJ,a
they were not nIsu bIli
I heard that the hotels C~o sam da hot~li tada q;o caK ,lI;a XOTe~ T~lJ,al
were not good at that I :. .1
time. nIsu bIli dobri. RHcy 6H~ ,n06pH.
Well, they werenIt that

I
Pa nIsu bIli tako loi. na HHCy 6HJIH TaRO p~aBH.
.1 I' '
bad.
at least barem / bar 6~p / 6apeM
to regret; (With /se/) alIm (se) .aJIHTH (ce), 3BJIHM (ce)

to complain
I I I I ~ I I " _
At least, I can l t complain. Barem j~ ne mogu da Bap ja He Jlory ,na ce :aca.JlHlf.
se alIm.
you dwelled, lived stanovali ste

....
cTaHOBaJIH cTe
-
(stanovati, (cTaHOBaTH,
stanujem) CT8.HyjeM)
l ...._
or, vl ste stanovali BH cTe cTaHOBaJIH
Where did you live? Gdj~ ste stanovali? rlJ,e cTe'cT~HOBa~?#

B
At first I lived downtown. Prvo sam stanovao
li gr~du.
368

, J.
I had (man speaking) imao sam / j~ Buao caM / ja caM
sam imao "
HKao
~ ~
living quarters, cTaR, cTaHOSH
apartment
I I
I had a small apartment. imao sam mali st~n.
....
late kasno KacRO
later kasnije
I got (man speaking) dobio sam (dobiti, ~06HO caN

, (~~6HTH,
da dobijem) ~a ~o6HjeM)
J. ,
or,
Later, I got a house in

Dedinje.
ja: sam dobio
I
Kasnije sam dobio I'
kucu I KacBHje
, caK
ja caK ~06HO
l l'
~06HO Kyhy Ha
na Dedinju.
l ~
did you live da li ste fvjeli ~a JIll cTe ZHseJIll
or, jeste li fvjeli jecTe JIH1ziseJIH

... J. I
Have you lived in Yugo- Da li ste Vrvjeli ~a JIH cTe ZHSeJIH paBHje
slavia before?
ranije u Jugoslaviji?
A
J. ot
I never lived (man nfsam nikad fvio BHcaM BHKa~ ZHseo
speaking)
live never lived in Yugo- N!sam nikad ranije

slavia before. I ,.
fvio u Jugoslaviji. y JyroOCJI8SHjH.
,.
recently, almost skoro CKOpO
,
CK~Pol
l J.
My wi~ehas been in Mbja zena je bIla Moja :lEe Ha je 6 U JIa
Dalmatia recently. , I
skoro u Dalma:ciji. y
,. -
}la JIMa UH jR.
B
ot
we were going, we ml smolili MH cMO HllIJIH
went
or, ili srno Hlli~H CMO
We also went to Dalmatia I ml srno ili nekoliko

I " " . L
M MH CMO HmAH HeHOJIHKO nYTa
I
several times. I
puta u Dalmaciju. Y tI.~JIMaUHjy.

Grammatical Notes
Note 17.1 Verb: Past

Note 17.1.1 Past: Form
a) Doao sam prole nedelje. c) To je bilo davno.

Blo sam u Beogradu.
v
Cuo sam da hoteli nisu bili dobri. d) Jeste li bili ranije u Beogradu?
Prvo sam stanovao u gradu. Pa nisu bili tako ravi.
Imao sam mali stan. Gde ste stanovali.

Kasnije sam dobio kuu na Dedinju. Da li ste iveli ranije u
Nisam nikad ranije iveo u Jugoslaviji?
Jugoslaviji. I mi smo ili nekoliko puta u
Dalmaciju.
b) ena sa decom jo nije dola.
Naa soba je bila dobra.
Moja ena je bila skoro u Dalmaciji.
The past of the verb is normally a compound tense in Serbo-Croatian, as

illustrated above. The present of the verb Ito bel is used with a past parti-
cipIe in /-0/ or /-1-/. The participIe agrees with the subject (but see below).
All of the examples in a) are spoken by a man. The participles are masculine
singular in form, ending in /-0/. If these were said by a woman, the ending
would be l-al, as in b). They would then be:
Dola sam prole nedelje. Imala sam mali stan.

,
Bila sam u Beogradu. Kasnije sam dobila kucu na Dedinju.
v
Cula sam da hoteli nisu bili dobri. Nisam nikad ranije zivela u
Prvo sam stanovala u gradu. Jugoslaviji.
In other words, the real verb in these constructions is the verb Isam/o The
/doaol - Idolal etc. are participles or verbal adjectives.
The examples in c) are neuter singular and those in d) plural (common

plural, masculine plural, or polite singular with (youl). There are also (exclu-
sively) feminine plural forms in l-I-el, as Isve sobe su bile dobrel and neuter
plural forms in /-I-a/, as /sva ogledala su bila cista/.
The /-0/ of the masculine singular is the same as the /-1-/ of the other
forms; /1/ at the end of a syllable is usually replaced by /0/ in Serbo-Croatian.
(Compare IBeograd/ for /bel-/ Iwhite l plus /grad/ tcitadel l .) The /-0/-/-1-/
370

is the participIe formative. The endings are the adjective endings (-zero for
masculine singularI l-al for feminine singularI etc.)
In most l but by no means alIl cases verbs have the same stem in the /1/
participIe as in the infinitive. This ls seen from the following list of the /1/
participIe forms of the verbs found in the above examples. The infinitive is
given first. The first person present forms are added in parentheses after the
others for comparison and contrast. (See Note 17.2 for more examples.)
imati stanovati ~fveti

,
Sg. m. imao stanovao ~fveo
f. imala stanovala fvela
n. imalo stanovalo Ivelo
Pl. m. imali stanovali Iveli

f. imale stanovale Ivele
n. imala stanova:la fvela
(imam) (s'tanuj em) (zivrm)
ii d6i dobiti cuti biti

Sg. m. iao doao dobio cuo bio
f. ila dola dobrIa cula bIla
n. ilo dolo dobilo cUlo bIlo
Pl. m. Ili doli dobili culi bIli

f. ile dole dobile cUle bIle
n. Ila dola dobila cula bIla
(id~m) (d6em) (dobijem) (cujem) (sam)
The stem (or stems) of' the Inf'lnItIve and /1/ participles are:
Infinitive Ima- stanova zfve-
/1/ participIe stanova-
(where different) stanova-
,
Infinitive i- do- dObi- cu- bi-
/1/ partleipIe ia- doa- dObI- bl-
,
(where different) i do- b!-
371

Ilaol and Idoaol both have movable lal. The verb Igol and a typical deriva-
tive from it are illustrated by these two verbs. The forms of these verbs are
irregular.
Note 17.1.2 Past: Use
The past tenses of all the above verbs may be made by using the present of
the verb Ito bel. The unstressed forms occur after the /1/ participIe if the
latter is the first stressed form of the clause. In the negative the forms
InIsami, etc. always come before (earlier in the sentence of clause than) the
/11 participIe, as they are always stressed.
1mao sam II had nIsam 1mao II didnit havel

1mala sam nIsam 1mala
, ,
imao si you had nIsi imao Iyou didnit havel
,
1mala si nIsi imala
,
imao je he had n1je 1mao 'he didn't havel
1mala je she had n1je 1mala Jshe didn't havel
1malo je it had n1je 1malo lit didn't havel
1mali smo we had nIsmo 1mali 'we didn't have'

1male smo nIsmo 1male
1mali ste you had nIste 1mali Iyou didn't havel

,
imale ste nIste imale
, ,
imali su they had nisu 1mali Ithey didnJt have'
,
imale su nIsu 1male
,
imala su nIsu 1mala
The plural in Iii is by far the most frequent, as the purely feminine may only
be used when feminine forms alone are involved. The polite lVii is used for all
genders:
kad ste vi doli (to man, woman, men mixed group)
For 'we l and Jtheyl the SUbject must be exclusively feminine for the
partleipIe to be feminine.
372

mi smo doli (men, mixed group)

mi smo dole (exclusively women)
oni su doli (men, mixed group)
one su dole (exclusively women)
ona su dola (neuter plural reference)
(See Note 18.1 for more detail on agreement of the /1/ participIe with various
subjects. Compare also Note 7.2.)
The example /ta vam se najvie dopalo usput?/ shows that the participIe
and /se/ are used, without /je/, in the third person singular affirmative past
of reflexive verbs. The singular of this verb is /dopao sam se, dopala sam se,
dopao si se, dopala si se, dopao se, dopala se, dopalo se/. It is also possible
to use /je/: /dopao se je/, but this is less frequent.
Two constructions with /li/ are common:
l. Stressed /jesam, jesi/ etc. + li + /1/ participIe

jeste li bili ...
2. Da li + enclitic /sam, si/, etc. + /1/ participIe

Da li ste ziveli .
/li/ is frequently omitted in colloquial speech in the first construction, though

not after /je/. Other enclitics are used after /li/ or /ste/ as required. The
enclitics and their order, given in Note 12.4, should be noted in connection
with the past. The short form /ju/ Iher l , listed in Note 12.2 is used when
followed by /je/ lisi, as in /on ju je video/ Ihe saw her'. Many speakers avoid
the use of /ju/, preferring to use a construction with /njU/, except in writing.
The short answer a (yes-no) question using the past is usually the long
form of the verb Ito bel:
Jeste li imali ? Da, jesam.

Da li ste imali ? /Jesam.
Ne, nisam.
/Nisam.
Compare the English use of Ihave l :
Have you had your breakfast? Yes, I have.

No, I havenlt.
373

In both English and Serbo-Croatian the real verb form (usually called the
'auXiliary. verb) is that which is used in the answer, not the participIe.
Note 17.1.3 Past: Aspect
Most past tense forms are from perfective verbs, as the past tense is most
frequently used of completed actions. However, most of the past tenses used in
this unit are imperfective. Verbs such as 'live', Idwell', etc. may orten be
used in the past to refer to a continuing state or arrairs. Compare the perrec-
tive and imperfective forms found in the Basic Sentences:
Perfective Imperfective
doao having come stanovali having dwelled

cuo having heard imao having had
dobio having received ziveo having lived
iao having gone
putovali having travelled
A rough idea of the pattern of usage may be seen from the two verbs Idatil
and Id~vati/:
da-jem l'm giving (elim da) dam I (want to) give

da-vao sam I was giving dao sam I gave
The English simple past will usually correspond to a perrective verb in

Serbo-Croatian. Exceptions are generally verbs indicating states, as above, or
activity which is normally described as in process (/sluzio sami - the verb
refers to the activity, not to its termination).
liao sam! is somewhat speciallized in meaning. The sentence II mi smo

ili nekoliko puta u Dalmaciju.1 'We also went several times to Dalmatia.' does
refer to the going, the movement involved, not the completion of it. The most
normal English equivalent is 'We were also in Dalmatia several times. 1 This may
also be II mi smo bili nekoliko puta u Dalmaciji.1 Here there is reference only
to the 'being', not to the going, but the two sentences are situationally equiva-
lent.
374

Note 17.2 Verb: Review
Following is a list of verbs which have occurred, giving the infinitive,

the present and the /11 participles. The perfective verbs are listed first
then the imperfectives. Masculine and feminine forms of the /1/ participles are
given, to show moveable /al when it occurs, /1/ before /-lal or other variables.
Infinitive Present III participIe meaning
Perfective Verbs
cuti da cuj~m euo cula to hear

dati da d~m (damo dao d~la to give
lP)
dobiti da dobijem dobio dobila to receive
d66i da dbem doao dola to come
don~ti Idonijeti da donesem doneo /donio donela Idonijela to bring
dozvoliti da dozvolim dozvolio dozvolila to allow,
permit
izv1niti da izvinim izv1nio izvfnila to excuse
izvoleti da izvolim izvoleo izvolela to permit
javiti se da se j~vi javio se javila se to report
oneself
ktzati da kaem k~zao ktzala to say
k;1piti da khpfm k;1pio kl1pila to bUy
oprostiti do oprostfm oprostio oprostila to pardon
otf6i da odem otiao otila to go, leave
oeniti se da se oenIm ozenio se to get married
(of man)
platiti da platim platio platila to pay
p66i da p~em poao pola to start off
pogledati da pogled~m pogledao pogledala to look
popiti da popijem popio popila to drink
poz~jmiti da poz~jmIm pozajmio pozajmila to loan
pr66i da prem proao prola to pass by
prom~niti da prom~nIm prom~nio . prom~nila to change
,/promiJ ~ni ti / da pr6mi j enIm I/promi.i ~nio ,/promi.i emila
pustiti da pustIm pustio pustila to let
,,,
rei da recem rekao rekla to say
sacekati da saCSek~m saCSekao saCSekala to wait for
sesti /sj~sti da s~dnem seo /sj~o /slo sela Isjela to sit down
Ida sjedn~m
svf.iti da sv~Im svf.io svr.ila to finish
375

udati se da se udam udala se to get married

(of woman)
uneti /unijeti da unes~m Uneo IUnio unela /unijela to carry in
upoznati da upoznam "
upoznao upoznala to introduce
ur~d1ti da uredIm ur~dio ur~dila to pu t in order
,
uzeti da uzmem uzeo uzela to take
,
zadocniti da zadocnIm zadocnio zadocnila to be late
zadrati se da se zadrIm zadrao se zadrala se to be delayed
zauzeti da zaazmem "
zauzeo zauzela to take
Imvrefective Verbs
biti (je)sam bio bIla to be

bojati se bojim se bojao se bojala se to be afraid
brinuti se brinem se br1nuo se brinula se to worry
ekati ek~m ekao ekala to (be) wait(ing)
d~vati d~jem diivao d~vala to be giving
de~vati se deava se de~vao se de~vala se to be happening
dobIjati dobIjam dobIjao dobljala to be receiving
dolaziti dolazi dolazio dolazila to be coming
dopadati se dopada se dopadao dopadala to please
govoriti govorIm govorio ~ovorila to speak
hteti / htjeti (ho)u hteo / htio htela / htjela to will~ want
(ho)e 3
ii idem iao ila to go
imati inllim imao imala to have
iZlaZiti izlazim izlazio izlazila to be going out
jesti jedem jeo jela to eat
k5tati k5ta k5tao k5tala to cost
misliti mislim mislio mislila to think
,
moi "
mogu mogao mogla to be able
moe 3
moliti molIm molio molila to pray~ beg
,
m5rati m5r~m morao m5rala to have to
odlaziti odlazIm odlazio odlazila to be leaving
pItati pItam pItao pItala to ask
piti pijem pio pIla to drink
poinjati poinjem pocinjao poinjala to be beginning
polaziti polazim polazio polazila to be starting
off
376

pozn~vati poznajem pozn~vao pozn~vala to know

praviti pravIm pravio pravila to be making
, ,
prositi prosIm prosio prosila to beg
,
provoditi provodIm provodio provodila to spend time
putovati putujem putovao putovala to travel
r~diti r~dIm r~dio r~dila to work, do
r~sti r~stem rastao r~sla to grow
razgovarati razgv~ram razgov~rao razgov~rala to be conver-
, sing
ra1rzUm~ti nazUm~m razumeo razUm~la to understand
azumjeti /r;azumi j ~m /razumio
,, Iraztlmjela
se/:att se secam,se seuao,se seala se to remember
;sj~cati se Isj~c~m se Jsj~cao se Jsj~cala se
sedeti sedIID sedeo sed1:~a to be sitting
Isjediti Isjedim /sjedio /sjedila
sluiti slUIm slUio slUila to serve
stajati staje 3 stajao staj~la to cost
stanovati stanujem stanovao stanovala to dwell
stizati stiem stizao st1zala to be arriving
svIati se sVI~ se svIao svIala to please
tr~iti tr~Im tr~io tr~ila to look for
trebati treba 3 trebalO (n.) to be necessary
uiti ucIm uCio uila to learn, teach
uznemir~vati uznemlravem uznemir~vao uznemir~vala to (be) dis-
turb(ing)
videti lvidjeti vidIm v1deo Iv1dio v1dela Iv1djela to see
voleti Ivoljeti vOlIm voleo Ivolio volela /voljela to like
, , , ,
vraati se vracam se vracao vraala to be returning
,
znati zn~m znao znala to know
, ,
zvati zovem zvao zV~la to call
za.liti alIm alio zalila to regret
eleti /eljeti elIm eleo /elio elela /eljela to wish, want
Iveti llvjeti Ivim Iveo llvio Ivel a llvjela to live
Note that the stress of the 11/ participIe is generally the same as that of the
infinitive.
Note 17.3 Verb: Classification
The list of verbs in Note 17.2 gives sufficient examples to illustrate

most of the major types of verbs. Verbs are classified according to the shape
of the stem immediately before the endings. For this purpose lendings t mean
the infinitive suffix l-til, the present tense suffixes l-m - - mol etc.,
377

the /1/ of the /1/ particle and others which have not yet been discussed. For
example, the following verbs have different stems before the endings:
A govor-i-ti govor-I-m govor-i-o govor-i-la

B vol-e-ti vol-I-m vol-e-o vol-e-la
C pit-a-ti pit-a-m pit-a-o pit-a-la
D stanov-a-ti stanu-Je-m stanov-a-o stanov-a-la
E kaz-a-ti kaz-e-m kaz-a-o kaz-a-la
These are examples of A. i-verbs, B. e-verbs, C. a-verbs, D. a/je-verbs,

E. alJe verbs. Type E. is similar to D. but shows a change of the final conso-
nant of the stem (/z/ to /ZI). This change and other like changes are given the
symbol/J/. Verbs from the list in Note 17.2 belonging to these types are:
i-verbs
,
dozvoliti p blagodariti I pr&siti I
I
izvIniti p dblaziti I prov6diti I

r~diti
I
javiti se p gov6riti I I
I ,
oprostiti p izlaziti I sluziti I
I , /
pozajmiti p misliti I traiti I
.l
promeniti p moliti I tiiti I
I
pustiti p bdlaziti I zaliti I
I
svriti p
e-verbs
izvbleti P s~deti I ~leti I

, .J.
v61eti I videti I iveti I
a-verbs
J.
pogledati p ~ekati I sviati se I
sa~ekati p derlvati I trebati I
I
dobIjati I uznemir~vati I
d6padati se I vraati se I
,
imati I k5tati I
~
m5rati I pitati I
!.
razgovarati I seati se I
Most a-verbs are imperfective.
378

a/je-verbs and a/Je
Verbs having /a/ in the infinitive and /e/ in the present are of two types,
according to the /1/ partlclple. One type has short /a/ before /0/ and long
/a/ before other forms of the /1/ participIe:
, ,
stanovati stanovao stanovala stanovalo stanovali, etc
I _
stanujem
, ,
putovati putovao putovala putovalo putovali, etc.
p-6.tujem
The other type has short /a/ in all forms of the /1/ participIe:
d~vati d~vao d~vala d~valo d~vali, etc.

\
dajem
pozn~vati pozn~vao pozn~vala poznavalo pozn~vali, etc.

I__
poznajem
All of these verbs have stem extensions: /ov/, /v/. In the present tense of
the first type the extension is /u/ (/stan-u-je-m/): in the present tense of
second type it is lost (/da-je-m/).
To the first type belong verbs such as /zvati/:

,
zvati zvao zV~la zV~lo zV~li, etc.
,
zovem
To the second type belong verbs such as the following:
poinjati poinjao poinjala poinjalo poinjali, etc.

poinjem
stajati stajao stajala stajalo stajali, etc.

stajem
,
k~zati k~zao kazala k~zalo k~zali, etc.
k~zem
stizati stizao stizala stizalo stizali, etc.

stiem
(None of these examples has the /ov/ rv /v/ extension.)
379

Verbs with short /a/ in the /1/ participIe will be labelled a/J~ verbs. The
/J/ may-
change the preceding consonant: kazati ka.z~m
, ,
be /j/ after a vowel: da:vati dajem
drop after /j/: poinjati pOinj~m
Verbs with long lal before /-1-1 are either

,
a/~ verbs: zvati zov~m zvao zV~la
a/j~ verbs: stanovati stanuj~m stanovao stanovala
These groupings have left a large number of verbs in the list unclassified.
Examination shows that none of these fit precisely into these classifications.
Without going into details J the following groupings may be made:
Consonant stems - verbs having no stem vowel between the root and the
endings. To show this, the root is given to the left for each verb. In most
cases, considerable change occurs in the shape of the root from form to form.
,
jed- jesti jedem j~o jela
,,
rek- reCi reem rekao rekla
,, , ,
mog- moci mogu, moze mogao mogla
, ,
rast- r.sti r~stem rastao rasla
, ,
sed- s~sti sednem seo sela
The last verb shows an Ini extension in the present. More will be said of this
extension later.
The root rto gol forms a special class of consonant stems:

,,
id- ici iao ila
d6i doao dola
Certain consistencies of treatment are seen here. Except for lii/, a root in
/dl replaces Idi with Isl before I-ti/ (/jesti/), but loses the Id/ before 10/ -
III (Ijeoi, /jela/). Roots in /k/ or 19! replace /kti/, Igti/, with Iil and
have moveable /a/ before /o/J there may be change of /kl
ICIJ /gl to Izl in
to
the present (/J/ changes) see above). /rast-/ has /ras-/ before l-til and /-1/
but Irast-I before a vowel (Irasternl, /rastao/). Combinations such as I-tt-I
and I-stl-I do not occur in Serbo-Croatian. Double consonants are replaced by
single ones and Itl between consonants is generally lost.
380

Vowel verbs - verbs having a root ending in a vowel and no suffix between
this vowel and the infinitive ending. Some verbs with an extension after the
root are also vowel verbs. Examples are:
pi- pi-ti pi-j e-m pi-o pi---la

ume- razume-ti razume---m razume-o razume-la
razume-JU 3 pl.
zna- zna-ti zna---m zna-o zna---la
Some verbs have roots which end in a vowel before certain endings, in a consonant
before others. For example:
, , ,
ne-/nes- done-ti dones-e-m done-o done-la
Two vowel verbs must be considered unique: /biti/ Ito bel /hteti/ Ito will,
want'. A more complete verb classification is given in Note 43.2.
Grammatical Drill
GD 17.1 Past Tense - Prolo vreme. - Substitution-Learning Drill
GD 17.1.1 First Person - Prvo lice
Singular - Jednina Plural - Mnozina
Masculine Subjects
l
Doao sam jue u Beograd. Doli smo juce u Beograd.
Ja sam doao jue u Beograd. Mi smo doli jue u Beograd.
Nisam doao jue u Beograd. Nismo doli jue u Beograd.

Ja nisam doao jue u Beograd. Mi nismo doli jue u Beograd.
Substitutions for mi, masculine and mixed genders:
otac i ja ja i sin majka i ja

brat i ja ja i dete ki i ja
Feminine Subjects
Dola sam juce u Beograd. Dole smo juce u Beograd.

Ja sam dola juce u Beograd. Mi smo dole juce u Beograd.
Nisam dola juce u Beograd. Nismo dole juce u Beograd.

Ja nisam dola juce u Beograd. Mi nismo dole juce u Beograd.
l
Ijucel Iyesterdayl

UNIT J7 SERBO-CROATIAN
Substitutions for mi, femjnine subjects only:
majka i ja gospoa Jovi i ja

sestra i ja ki i ja
Sentences for the above drill:
Sluzi o sam u Beogradu pre petnaest godina. Kasnije sam dobio kuu na Dedinju.
Prvo sam stanovao u gradu. euo sam da vozovi polaze i dolaze na
vreme.
iveo sam ranije u Beogradu. Bio sam nekoliko puta u Dalmaciji.
Imao sam mali stan u gradu. Bio sam zadovoljan sa svojim stanom.
GD 17.1.2 Second Person - Drugo lice

Singular - Jednina Plural - Mnoina
Masculine Subjects
Doao si jue u Beograd. Doli ste jue u Beograd.

Ti si doao jue u Beograd. yi ste doli jue u Beograd.
Nisi doao jue u Beograd. Niste doli jue u Beograd.

Ti nisi doao jue u Beograd. Vi niste doli jue u Beograd.
Substitutions for vi, masculine and mixed genders:
va otac i vi vaa majka i vi

Jovan i vi vaa ena i vi
Tomin prijatelj i vi Jovanova sestra i vi
Feminine Subjects
Dola si jue u Beograd. Dole ste jue u Beograd.

T1 s1 dola ju~e u Beograd. y! ste dole ju~e u Beograd.
Nisi dola jue u Beograd. Niste dole jue u Beograd.

Ti nisi dola jue u Beograd. Vi niste dole jue u Beograd
Substitutions for vi, feminine gender only:
vaa majka i vi vaa sestra i vi vaa ki i vi
Sluio si odavno u Beogradu, zar ne?

Prvo si stanovao u gradu.
382

Imao si mesto u vozu pored prozora. The second person drills may be
Ziveo si ranije u Beogradu. made into questions to give more
Kasnije si dobio mesto u prvoj klasi. natural sentences. They are here
v
euo si da je autoput do Skoplja gotov. affirmative to present a uniform
Bio si nekoliko puta u Dalmaciji. set of illustrative sentences.
Bio si zadovoljan sa vonjom.
GD 17.1.3 Third Person - Tree lice

Masculine Subjects
Doao je jue u Beograd. Do~li su jue u Beograd.

On je doao jue u Eeograd. Oni su doli jue u Beograd.
Nije doao jue u Beograd. .Nisu doli jue u Beograd.

On nije doao jue u Beograd. Oni nisu doli jue u Beograd.
Substitutions for on:
Jovan Toma otac

brat njegov sin ovaj ovek
Substitutions for ~, masculine and mixed genders:
Jovan i Toma otac i brat sin i ki

ena i dete sestra i brat g. i ga Jovi
Jovii moji roditelji ti ljudi
Feminine Subjects
Dola je jue u Beograd. Dole su juce u Beograd.

Ona je dola jue u Beograd. One su dole juce u Beograd.
Nije dola jue u Beograd. Nisu dole jue u Beograd.

Ona nije dola jue u Beograd. One nisu dole jue u Beograd.
Substitution for ~:
Zora sestra gospoa Smit

majka Meri moja ki
Substitutions for ~, feminine subjects only:

sestre nae majke vae ene
ena i ki gospoa i gospodica Jovi

Sluzio je u Beogradu dve godine. Kasnije je dobio ,kUu na Dedinju.

v
Prvo je stanovao u gradu. Cuo je da vozovi tada nisu bili
dobro ureeni.
iveo je ranije u Beogradu. Bio je nekoliko puta u Dalmaciji.

Imao je kartu prve klase. Bio je zadovoljan sa hotelom.
Neuter Subjects (and plurals of feminine singular form)
Dolo je jue u Beograd. Dola su jue u Beograd.

Ono je dolo jue u Beograd. Ona su dola jue u Beograd.
Nije dolo jue u Beograd. Nisu dola jue u Beograd.

~ nije dolo jue u Beograd. Ona nisu dola jue u Beograd.
Substitutions for ono: Substitutions for ona:
l. dete l. Neuter plural for the first

sentence only:
2. for the first sentence only: pismo
kola pisma
2. Feminine singular forms:
deca braa
ta gospoda moja deca
Sentences for drill with feminine singular participIe and plural verb:
Deca su prvo stanovala u gradu. Deca su bila nekoliko puta u Dalmaciji.

Deca su zivela ranije u Beogradu. Deca su bila u prvoj klasi brzog
voza.
Deca su imala red voznje. Deca su kasnije dobila mesta pored
prozora.
GD 17.1.4 Third Person with Count Nouns - Tree lice sa stvarnim imenicama
Onda je taj put bio dobar. Onda su ti putevi bili dobri.

Onda taj put nije bio dobar. Onda ti putevi nisu bili dobri.
kuf'er kupe voz sto

krevet / postelja tramvaj
Onda je ta soba bila dobra. Onda su sobe bile dobre.

Onda ta soba nije bila dobra. Onda sobe nisu bile dobre.
384

kafana stolica kua

ulica veza stanica
Leto je bilo hladno. Leta su bila hladna.

Leto nije bilo hladno. Leta nisu bila hladna.
jutro
To be drilled with singular only:
vino pivo meso
GD 17.2 Past Tense - Substitution-Correlation Drill
In this drill the student should use and drill only the gender forms
appropriate to himself or herself.
Make the substitutions indicated and give the negative transforms.
Bio sa~ jue na zeleznikoj stanici.

Bila sa~ jue na eleznikoj stanici.
ja on ona mi (mase. genders) mi (f. gender)

(ti) Jovan moja ena otac i ja majka i ja
ti otac ki sinovi i ja sestra i ja
,
g. Jovi g-a Jovic deca i ja ki i ja
sestra i ja
mi (mixed gend.) oni one

majka i ja g. i g-a Jovi nae sestre
ena i ja Jovii Tomine keri
otac i ja nai roditelji gospoe
Stanovao sam na Topciderskom brdu deset godina.

Imao sam mali stan u jednoj velikoj kui.
Ziveo sam dugo vremena u Jugoslaviji.
Dobio sam sobu u hotel Metropolu.

GD 17.3 Present Tense - Past Tense Drill
Imam dobar stan ovde. Imao sam dobar stan, kad sam bio u
Beogradu.
Ima dobar stan ovde. Imao si dobar stan, kad si bio u
Beogradu.
On ima ovde dobar stan. ~ je imao dobar stan kad je bio u
Beogradu.
Moj prijatelj ima ovde dobar stan. Moj prijatelj je imao dobar stan, kad
~ bio ovde.
Ona ima dobar stan ovde. Ona je imala dobar stan, kad ~ bila u
Beogradu.
Zora ima ovde dobar stan. Zora je imala dobar stan kad je bila u
Beogradu.
Mi imamo ovde dobar stan. Mi smo imali dobar stan, kad smo bili
u Beogradu.
Moja porodica i ja imamo ovde dobar Moja porodica i ja smo imali dobar stan,
stan. kad ~ bili u Beogradu.
Vi imate ovde dobar stan gospodine, Vi ste imali dobar stan, kad ste bili u
zar ne? Beogradu gospodine, zar ne?
Vi imate ovde dobre stanove gospodo, Vi ste imali dobre stanove kad ste bili
zar ne. u Beogradu gospodo zar ne?
Oni imaju ovde dobar stan. Oni su imali dobar stan, kad su bili u
Beogradu.
G. i g-da Smit imaju ovde dobar stan. G. i g-da Smit su imali dobar stan, kad
su bili u Beogradu.
One imaju ovde dobar stan. One su imale dobar stan, kad su bili u
Beogradu.
Moje sestre imaju ovde dobar stan. Moje sestre su imale dobar stan, kad su
bile u Beogradu.
Zadovoljan sam sa vonjom u Skoplje. Bio sam zadovoljan sa vonjom u Skoplje.

Sluzim ovde od pre godinu dana. Sluzio sam u Beogradu pre godinu dana.
Idem na zeleznicku stanicu da donesem Iao sam juce na zeleznicku stanicu da
prtljag. donesem prtljag.
Bio sam jue na zeleznikoj stanici da
donesem prtljag.
386

Stanujem u jednoj maloj kui u Stanovao sam u jednoj maloj kui u

Pukinovoj ulici 10. Pukinovoj ulici 10.
ivim i radim dugo u Beogradu. iveo sam i radio dugo u Beogradu.
Dolazim kui u 7:00. Doao sam kui u 7:00 sati.
Treba da dobijem kuu na Dedinju. Dobio sam kuu na Dedinju.
CUjem da brzi voz stize na vreme u Cuo sam da brzi voz stize na vreme u
Skoplje. Skoplje.

GD 17.4.1.1 Substitution-Learning Drill
Kakav je bio va stan? Bio je dobar.

Nije bio dobar.
(/Kakav vam je bio stan?) Moj stan je bio dobar. (/Stan mi je bio dobar.)
Moj stan nije bio dobar. (/Stan mi nije bio
dobar. )
va hotel njegov oaj put (road) saobraaj u Beogradu

izlet va krevet put vozom (trip)
Kakva je bila vaa soba? Bila je dobra.

Nije bila dobra.
(/Kakva vam je bila soba?) Moja soba je bila dobra. (/Soba mi je bila
dobra. )
Moja soba nije bila dobra. (/Soba mi nije
bila dobra.)
vaa kafa njihova kua voznja avionom

voda veza sa Zagrebom
Kakvo je bilo vae kupatilo? Bilo je dobro.

Nije bilo dobro.
(/Kakvo vam je bilo kupatilo?) Moje kupatilo je bilo dobro. (/Kupatilo mi je
bilo dobro.)
Moje kupatilo nije bilo dobro. (/Kupatilo mi
nije bilo
dobro. )
Tomino pivo vae vino meso njeno mesto u vozu
vae pivo vae mesto u vozu

Kakvi su bili ranije stanovi? Bili su dobri. hoteli

Nisu bili dobri. bioskopi
Stanovi su bili ranije dobri. putevi (roads)
Stanovi ranije nisu bili dobri. gradovi
meunarodni
vozovi
/vlakovl
Kakve su bile ranije sobe? Bile su dobre. kafane
Nisu bile dobre. kue
Sobe su bile ranije dobre. ulice
Sobe nisu bile ranije dobre.
Kakva su bila ranije pozorita? Bila su dobra. prevozna

lkazalita sredstva
Nisu bila dobra. gradska
saobraajna
sredstva
Pozorita su bila ranije dobra. sela (use lmali/
for Idobar/)
Pozorita nisu bila ranije dobra.
Other questions for above type of drill:
Koliki je bio va stan?

Kolika je bila vaa soba.
Koliko je bilo vae kupatilo?
The use of vi-form - Upotreba vi-oblika
Kad ste doli u Beograd, gospodine? Pre dve nedelje.

Doao sam pre dve nedelje.
Kad ste doli u Beograd, gospoo? Pre nekoliko dana.

Dola sam pre nekoliko dana.
Kad ste vii va otac doli u Beograd, Pre nekoliko dana.

gospodine? Doli smo pre nekoliko dana. vi i va sin
Kad ste vi i va otac doli u vi i deca
Beograd, gospoo? vi i Toma
Kad ste vi i vaa ki dole u Pre tri dana. vi i vaa majka

Beograd, gospoo? Dole smo pre tri dana. vi i g<;spoa
Jovic
vi i gospoica
Smit
388

Following is a set of questions with suggested answers. Go through all ques-

tions on this pattern. The long answers are suggested by the answers given
below:
Kad ste iveli u Jugoslaviji, gospodine? Pre deset godina.

Kad ste dobili stan, gospodine? Pre tri dana.
Kad ste bili u Dalmaciji, gospodine?/ Pre cetiri nedelje.
Kad ste ili u Dalmaciju, gospodine?
Gde ste stanovali, gospodine? Na Dedinju.
Gde ste bili danas, gospodine?/ Na eleznikoj stanici.
Gde ste ili danas, gospodine? Na elezniku stanicu.
Zato ste ili u ambasadu, gospodine? Imao sam posla.
Od koga ste dobili pismo, gospodine? Od oca.
Koliko soba ste imali u kui, gospodine? Pet soba.
GD 17.4.1.2 Substitution-Correlation Drill
Kad je Jovan doao u Beograd? Pre godinu dana. Zora

On je doao u Beograd vaa majka
pre godinu dana. vas sin
Jovan je doao u Beograd Zorina ki
pre godinu dana. vi (polite form)
vi (plural)
vai roditeli
Tomine sestre
g. i g-da Smit
vae keri
Following is a set of questions with suggested answers. Go through all substi-

tutions with each question. The long answers are suggested by the answers below:
Kad je Jovan bio u Skoplju? Pre tri dana.

Kad je Jovan sluzio u Jugoslaviji? Odavno.
Kad je Jovan iao na zelezniku stanicu? Juce posle podne.
Kad je Jovan dobio stan na Dedinju? Pre godinu dana.
Zato je Jovan iao u ambasadu? Imao je posla.
The feminine forms are for the use of women in the class.
389

a. Da li ste (vi) doli jue u Beograd? Jesam.

or, Nisam.
b. Jeste li (vi) doli jue u Beograd? Da, doao sam jue u Beograd./
Da, dola sam jue u Beograd.
Ne, nisam doao jue u Beograd./
Ne, nisam dola jue u Beograd.
Jovan ona va otac

on Zora Tomina ki plural masculine and mixed subjects:
vi i zena vi i deca vi i ki
vai roditelji Toma i Zora g. i g-da
Jovi
feminine plural subjects:
vi i ki vae sestre
vi i ki Tomine keri
vi i g-da Jovi g-da i g-ea Jovi
Following questions and answers are to be drilled with the same substitutions:
c. Zar ste ~ doli jue u Beograd? Da, jesam. [Doao sam iznenada. ]/ (l)
Da, jesam. [Dola sam iznenada] .
Ne, ne, nisam doao jue./
Ne, ne, nisam dola jue.
d. Zar 11. niste doli jue u Beograd? Ne, nisam. [Doao sam danas i znenada] . /
Ne, nisam. [Dola sam danas iznenada] .
Pa doao sam jue. Zato pitate?/

Pa dola sam jue. Zato pitate?
e. Da vi niste doli jue u Beograd? Ne, nisam.

Pa, jesam.
Ne, nisam doao jue u Beograd./
Ne, nisam dola jue u Beograd.
Pa doao sam ju~e./ Pa dola sam ju~e.
(l) /iznenada/ 'suddenly, unexpectedly' added as appropriate. The parts of the

answers in brackets must be adapted for each sentence.
390

Following is a set of questions to be drilled on the pattern given above. Go

through all substitutions and all type of questions. Give short and long affir-
mative and negative answers.
Da li ste dobili stan na Dedinju? Da li ste stanovali prvo u gradu?

Da li ste bili na eleznickoj stanici? Da li ste ili juce u ambasadu?
Moj prijatelj je doao jue u Beograd. Kad je va prijatelj doao u Beograd?
Moj prijatelj jo nije doao u Beograd. Da li je va prijatelj ve doao u

Beograd?
IMoj prijatelj je ve doao u IKad va prijatelj dolazi u Beograd?
Beograd.
Moj prijatelj je iveo ranije u Da li je va prijatelj iveo ranije u

Beogradu. Beogradu?
On je sluio u Beogradu pre petnaest Da li je on sluio u Beogradu?
godina.
IOn nije nikad sluio u Beogradu.
Oni su putovali po Jugoslaviji. Da li su oni putovali po Jugoslaviji?
Oni su bili nekoliko puta u Dalma- Da li su oni bili u Dalmaciji?

ciji.
IOni nisu nikad bili u Dalmaciji.
Bio sam zadovoljan sa istoom. Da li ste bili zadovoljni sa istoom?
Nisam bio zadovoljan sa istoom. Zar niste bili zadovoljni sa istoom?
Imao sam sobu sa dva kreveta i Kakvu sobu ste imali? IKakvu ste sobu ..
kupatilom.
Mi smo bili vrlo dugo u hotelu. Koliko ste bili u hotelu?
Stanovali smo u gradu. Da li ste stanovali u gradu?
Imali smo mali stan blizu parka. Kakav ste stan imali?
Na stan je bio u Njegoevoj ulici U kojoj ulici je bio va stan.

br. 10.
U tom stanu smo bili godinu dana. Koliko ste bili u tom stanu?
Posle smo dobili kuu na Dedinju. Gde ste posle dobili stan?
To je bila lepa i udobna kua. Kakvu kuu ste dobili?
391

Mi smo bili vrlo zadovoljni s naom Da li ste bili zadovoljni s vaom

kuom. kuom.
Kua nije bila daleko od grada. Da li je vaa kua bila daleko od grada?
Ju~e sam bio na zelezni~koj stanici. Gde ste bili ju~e?
Iao sam na stanicu da donesem na Zato ste ili na stanicu?

prtljag.
Sreom prtljag je ve bio na stanici. Da li je prtljag bio na stanici?
Doneo sam ga kui. Da li ste doneli prtljag kui?
Ja dolazim kuu u 7 sati. Kad dolazite kui?
Doao sam kui u 7 sati. Kad ste doli kui?
Ranije sam dolazio kui u 6. Kad ste dolazili kui ranije?

/Zar vi ne dolazite kui u 6 sati?
Imao sam tekoa s kolima i zato Zato niste doli na vreme?

nisam doao na vreme.

GD 17.6.1 A B
Kad ste doli u Beograd? Doao sam prije nekoliko dana.
Je li i vaa obitelj dola s vama? Jest. Doli smo zajedno.
Kako ste doli? Doli smo avionom do NjemaOke.
Iz Njemake smo doli autom do

Beograda.
Koliko dana ste putovali od Njemake Putovali smo dva dana.

do Beograda?
Jeste li dobili stan? Ne, jo smo u hotelu. Sada trazimo

stan.
Da li ste bili ranije u Jugoslaviji? Jesam, nekoliko puta.
Gdj e s te bili? Bio sam dvaput u BeogradU i jedanput u
Zagrebu.
Da li vam se svia Zagreb? Da, jako mi se svia.
392

Jeste li ivjeli ranije u Jugoslaviji? Ne, nisam nikad.
RaA CTe Aom~ y Beo~pa~? ~omao caM npe HeRo~HKo ~aHa.
Je ~ H Bama nopo~Hua ~om~ e BaMa? JeeTe. AomAH eMO aajeAHo.
~OWAH eMO aSHOROM p,o HeMa~Ke.
Ha HeMa 'IKe CMO AOmJJH KOJIHMa ~O BeoI"pa~a.
KO~HRO ~aHa eTe nYToBa~ OA HeMa~Ke nYTosa~H CMO Asa AaBa.

AO EeoI"pa~a?
JeCTe ~ A06ZAH CTaH? He, jom eMO y XOTe~. eaAa Tpa~HMO

eTaR.
~~ ~H cTe 6H~H paHHje Y Jyroc~BHjH? ~eca.M, HeKO~HKO nyTa.
BHO caM ~BanYT y BeorpaAY H jeAaB nyT

y 3arpe6y.
~a AH BaM ce CBB~a 3a~pe6? ~a, CBH~a MH ce MBoro.
lJ,a ~H cTe 'lCHBeJm paaHje Y JyrOCJI8.BzjH? He, BHeaM BZKaA.
GD 17.6.2
Kako je oVdje sa stanovima? Prilicn9 je teko.
Gdje vi stanujete? Sada sta~ujem u lijepom dijelu grada.
U kom dijelu grada stanujete? Stanujem na Dedinju.
Gdje ste stanovali ranije? Stanovao sam u gradu.
Kako je stanovati u gradu? Nije loe.
Kakav stan ste imali? Imao sam mali, ali lijep stan
sa kupaonom.
Koliko soba ste imali? Imao sam dVije velike i jednu malu sobu.
U kojoj.ulici ste stanovali? U ulici Prvog maja.
Je li to daleko od ambasade? Ne, jako je blizu ambasade.
Je li to lijep kraj? Jest. Vrlo je lijep.
393

v
Sto ste dobili na Dedinju, stan ili Kuu. Nema stanova na Dedinju.
kuu?
KaRO je OB~e ca CTaHOBRMa? npH~H~HO je TemKO.
r~e BP. cTaHyjeTe? Ca.na cTaHyjeM Y ~enOM Kpajy rpaAa.
Y ROM Rpajy cTaHyjeTe? CTaHy jeli Ba JlB.zU~H>Y.
rAe CTe cTaHOBa~H paHHje? CT&HOB80 caM y rpa,ny.
RaRO je cTaHOBaTH y rpa~y? HHje p~aBO.
RaRaB CTaH CTe HMa~? HMao caM Ma~H, a~ ~en CTaH ca

RynaTH~OIl.
KO~HRO c06a cTe HMa~?
y ROjOj Y~HQH cTe cTaHOBa~? y y~HQH npBor Maja.
Je ~H TO ~a~eRO OA aM6acaAe? He, BP~O je 6~H~y aM6aca~e.
Je Jm TO ~en Rpaj? JecTe. Bp~o je ~en.
liTa cTe ~06H~ Ha ~eAH~, cTaH R~ Kyhy. HeMa CTaHosa Ha JleAHH>y.

Ryhy?
GD 17.6.3
Da li ste bili ranije u Beogradu? Jesam, ali to je bilo davno.
Kad ste bili? Bio sam prije cetrnaest godina.
Kako je bilo onda u Jugoslaviji? Nije bilo kao sada.
Kakvi su bili hoteli? Nisu bili loi. Bili su cisti.
Kakvu ste sobu imali? Imao sam prilicno lijepu i veliku sobu
sa dvije postelje.
Jeste (li) imali sobu sa kupaonom. Da, imao sam.
Kakva je bila vaa kupaona. Bila Je u redu, iako Je bila stara.
~a ~H CTe 6v.~~ paHHje y EeorpaAY? JecaM, a~H TO je 6H~O AaBHO.
J(aJl, cTe 6H~H? Ev.o caM npe ~eTpHaeCT rOAHHa.
KaRO je 6H~O OHAB Y Jyroc~aBHjH? HH je 6H.IlO Rao ca,na.
394

KaKBH cy 6HJIH XOTeJm? HHcy 6HJIH p~aBO. EHJIH cy lIHCTH.
RaKBY cTe c06y HMaJm? l1uao call nplfJIHlIHO Jleny If BeJIHKy c06y
ca .o; Ba KpeEleTa
JecTe (JIM) HMaJIH c06y ca KynaTHAoM? Aa, lUlao call.
KaKBO je 6H~0 Bame KynaTHAo? BHAO je IfcnpaBHO, HaKO je 6HAO cTapo.

GD 17.7.1 Write out each of the following sentences in the past tense. The
verbs for the sentences 3 and 9 are given, because they are different than those
employed in the sentences.
l. Moja zena je zadovoljna sa hotelom. (moji roditelji)
2. Moji prijatelji slue u Beogradu godinu dana. (moja braa)
3. Toma dolazi u Jugoslaviju. (doi) (moja sestra)
4. Jovan i Toma su kod kue. (gospoda)
5. Mi idemo na zeleznicku stanicu po nae stvari. (Toma )
6. Moji roditelji stanuju u gradu. (moja ki)
7. Jovan i Zora ive u Dalmaciji. (g. i g-a Jovi)
8. CUjem da putujete u Zagreb. (otac)
9. Imam pismo od majke. (dobiti) (brat)
10. Poruka je hitna. (pismo)
GD 17.7.2 Write out each of the above sentences in the past tense using the
subjects on the right side in parentheses.
395

UNIT 18
A Trip to Skopje Put u Skoplje
A
,.. ~
a few days ago neki da:n HeKH ~aH
J. J I J-
You were in Skopje, a VI ste bIli neki dkn BH CTe 6H~ HeKH ~aH y
few days ago [werenit , I /I " , II
you], John? u Skoplju, Jovane? CKOn.!ly, JosaHe?
to interest; (with Ise/:) interesirati "

HHTepecosaTH,
to be interested HHTepecyje Ile
interesira: (me)
(in: Iza/)
,
to entertain, take zanimati, 3aHHMaTH, 3aHHKa
an interest) (with
zanima
/se/:) be engaged in
(with I)
,
to spend time; (with provesti, da nposecTH, ~a
Ise/:) to have a provedem, npOSep.ell

nice time, enjoy , ,.
proveo nposeo
to amuse, entertain; zabavljati, 38.6aB.W1TH,

(with Isel:) amuse zabavljam 3a.6as~),(
oneself, have a nice
time
I
lim interested [to know] HHTepecyje Ile, KaKO cTe ce
how you enjoyed your trip. , J #
se zabavljali na npoBAJm Ha nyTy.
putu.
although, but, though mada
crowded
I , I "
The trip was (Ir travelledi) Putovao sam j~ko dobro nyToaao caM BP~O p.06po H
very nice and comfortable, , # I , _ . J I
but the train was rather i udobno, mada je Y~06HO, vap.a je S03 6HO
crowded. I l
vlak bio prIlino npiJm~Ho npeTpnaH.
I
pretrpan.
,
interesting interesantan, HHTepecaHTaH,
interesantna, HHTcpecaHTHR, -o
-o
396

or, zanimljiv, -a, -o 3aHHv~HB, " -a, -o

....L I J.
The trip itself was also shm je put bIo Cav nyT je 6uo TaKo~e BpAO
very very interesting.
(Iinteresting and inter-
I
takoer
I
ja:ko UHTepeCQHTaH'H 3aH~M~HB.
esting l ) , I
interesantan i
zanimljiv.
the highest njvlI,

A
-a, -e
~
HajBHmH, -a, -o .-
the most
~
HajBHme
.
,
to please dopasti se, da ,nonacTH ce, ,na
se dopadne, ,
ce ,nona,nHe, -
dopao ,nemao ce
or, svidjeti se, da cBH,neTH ce, ,na

se svidi, ce CBH,nH, ... -
... ...
svidio, svidjela CBH,neo, CBH,neJIa
... ...
along, up (with Acc) uz y3
on the way uz put / usput y3 nyT / y.cnYT

I J. '
What did you like best to vam se n~jvie liTa BaK ce HaJBume ,nonaAO
on the trip? I #
svidjelo usput? ycnyT?
pertaining to Morava moravski, -a, -o "

MopaBCKH, -a, -o -
,
to be passing by, prolaziti, npOJIa3HTH,
passing away
prolazIm, npOJIa3HIl
prolazio npOJIa3HO
valley dolina ,noJIHHa

~ ::::.
wonderful krsan, krsna, ,nHBaH, ,nHBxa, -o

-o
hilly brdovit, -a, -o 6p,nOBHT, -a, -o

...
region, area, country- pr~djel m G. npe}.J.eo
side, landscape
pr~djela pl. npe,neJIB. ,
,
pr~djeli npe,neAH
397

I I I J
Up to the Morava valley the Do Moravske dol{n~ 11.0 MopaBcKe ~OJJHHe Boa je
train went through beauti-
fUlI mountainous areas. vlAk je prolazio

npOJJ8.aHO Kpoa ~
~HBHe,
-
t !
krAsnim, brdovitim 6p~oBHTe npe~eJIe.
pr~djelima.
, " ,
to go in, enter Ui, da Uem, YhR, ~a Ybeu, ymao
uao
along (with G)
,
river peKa
I
When we went into the Kad smo uli u Ka~ cuo ym.m y MopascKy
Morava valleYI the train ,. J I
went along the river. Moravsku dolinu, ~OJJHHY, Boa je Hmao
J ~ ,::_
vla:k je putovao AY'" caKe peKe.
I
dtt~ sam~ rijek~.
,.
to line up (with r~a ti (se), pe ~a T H ( ce) ,
Ise/: intransitive) r~a (se) pe~a
~
(ce),
-
,
r~ao (se) pe~ao (ce)
~
or, nfza ti (se), HH3aTH (ce),
o.
nI~e (se) HUZe (ce)

,
nfzao (se) HHaao (ce)
after, behind (with I) za aa
in front of l before ispred "Hcnpe~

, ,
The villages and towns ap- Sela i gradovi su se CeAa H rpaAoBH cy ce
peared ('lined up in front , l I ,. l' ,
of us l ) one after another l nIzali jedni za pe~aJJH je~HH aa ~pyrHu
like a movie.
drugim ispred n~s,
. '"
HCnpe/l, Hac, Kao Ha ~~AMY.
impression d5jam G d5jma ....

YTHCSK, "yTHcKa,
...
pl. d5jmovi Cr. yTHCUH
,
to make napraviti, da HanpssHTH, Aa
napravIm, .,.
HanpasHM
-
napravio HanpaSHO
.,
to do uiniti, da y'lHHHTH, JJ;a
uinIm, uinio
.,
y'lZH;rM, YtlMHHO
- ..
398

I I
What kind of impression did Kakav su d5jam na KaKas cY YTHcaK Ha sac
uinila/naa
our villages and towns
make on you? vas ,
HanpaSHJ18. "
Hama,
ceM I H
, #
rpaAOSH?
to look, appear, izgl~dati, {zgl~d~,

look like
izgl~dao
better ' - , -a, - e

CS OobB: .. ..
better (adv.) bolje CSOobe
I I J.
The villages look better Sela izgl~daju bolje CeJ18. B:3r~e~ajy CSo~e Hero
than the towns.
nego gradovi.
rpa~OSH
, ...
towards, according to prema npeMa
(with D)
l would not say ne bih rekao
(rei)
,
land, country zemlja 3eM.ll8.
,
poor siromaan, CRpOMamaH,
Based on what live seen,

siromana, -o
Prema onome to sam

. . capOliamHa, -o
npeMa OHOMe mTO caK

,
SH~eo,
l wouldnit say that your
country is poor.
He CSHX peKao
Aa je Bama
. ,
3eM.b8. CHpouaWHa.
l.::;iromana.
A
,
part, section dio, G. dijela ~eo, A8JI8.,
pl. dijelovi Ae~OBH
rich bogat, bogata, CSOI"aT, CSOI"aT&,

bogato CSOI"aTO
... ...
fertile, fruitful, plodan, plodna, n~OA&H, n~OAHa, -o
productive, copious,
prolific -o
J.
Unfortunately, all parts of
the countryarenlt as
rich and fertile as the
Naalost, svi dij~lovi
I
zemlj~ n!su tako
~zaJIOCT,
, .
HHCY TaKO CSoraTH, Kao
. .
CBI{ ,neJlOBH 3eM.6e
Morava valley.
bogati, kao Moravska
.
MopaaCKa
~
,nO JI if Ha.
dolina.
399

opinion mnijenje
about (with D) o o
railroad eljeznica
What do you think about
I
Kakvo je vae mnijenje
I ' l I
RaKBo je Bame MB~eHe o
I, - ,
our railroads? I ,
o naI im -x'
4elJeznicama? HamHM xeAe3HHUQKa?
B
,
straight, just pravo npaBO
to turn obraati, obraam, 06pahaTH, o6pahaK,

obraao o6pahao
attention p~nja
J. .1
To tell you the truth, I Pravo da vam k~zem, ITpaBo ~a Bau Ka*eH, ja caM
paid more attention to I I , J. I
the countryside (tareasl) ja sam obracao 06pahao na~ BHme aa
than to the train itself.
p~znju vie na npe~eAe
, 'I Hero Ha caK I B03.
'" .
, I I
predjele nego na
I
sS.m vlS.k.
indeed
or,
Your country is indeed Vaa zemlja je zaista ~ma je 3~M.ha 36~.b8. A~na I
beautiful, and I like it
very much.
I
lijepa i mnogo mi
.
H MHoro MH ce
,-
~ona~a.
I
se dopada.
kind lJubazan,
ljubazna., -o
Thank you, John, you 1 re HV~la, Dbne, vl ste XBa~,

l
UORe, 'o'
# BHj eTe BpAO
very kind. l
j~ko ljubazni.
400

Grammatical Notes
Note 18.1 Verb: Past Tense
Note 18.1.1 Verb: SUbject Agreement in Past Tense
Sela i gradovi su se reali jedni za drugim ispred nas.

Kakav su utisak na vas napravila naa sela i gradovi?
The above examples are of subjects consisting of mixed genders. /sela i

gradovi/ is neuter plural plus masculine plural. The /1/ participle is in /-i/.
In the second example the same nouns are the subject, but. the participle is in
/-a/. The agreement of the /1/ participIe is the same as that of an adjective
(see Note 7.2). Since subjects of mixed genders are likely to occur with great
frequency, the matter of agreement is taken up here in some detail with regard
to the past tense.
Whenever two nouns of mixed gender precede the /1/ participle, the parti-
ciple has the /-i/ ending. When the participIe comes first, it usually agrees
in form with the nearer of the two nouns, here /sela/. If the order were
/gradovi i sela/, the first sentence would still have /reali/, the second would
be /kakav su utisak na vas napravili nai gradovi i sela?/. Note that /na/,
like the participle, agrees with the nearer of the two nouns. It is also pos-
sible for the participle to be in /-i/ before any mixed subject. The second
sentence may also be /Kakav su utisak na vas napravili naa sela i gradovi?/.
The pattern followed in these units is that of the examples from the Basic Sen-
tences. If the participIe follows a subject with mixed genders, i~ is in /-i/,
if it precedes a subject with mixed genders, it agrees with the nearer (or nearest)
noun of the sUbject.
The following examples by no means exhaust the possible combinations of

subject and verb in the past tense. They do illustrate the above remarks as well
as review the forms of Note 17.1.
Agreement of ParticipIe with Subject
Pronouns:
ja: (speaker masculine) ja sam bio

j~ (speaker feminine) ja sam bila
tl (person addressed masculine) ti si bio
tl (person addressed feminine) ti si bila
5n on je bio
,
ona (feminine singular) ona je bila
401

,
ono ono je bilo
ml (reference to men only) mi smo bili
ml (reference to men and women) mi smo bili
mi (reference to women only) mi smo bile
vl (plural, exclusively feminine) vi ste bile
vl (all other references, 'you' vi ste bili
singular and plural)
oni oni su bili
,
one one su bile
,
ona (neuter plural) ona su bila
Nouns:
One noun only
Masculine singular voz voz je bio

Feminine singular soba soba je bila
ki ki je bila
Neuter singular dete dete je bilo
Masculine plural vozovi vozovi su bili
Feminine plural t30be sobe su bile
Neuter plural ogledala ogledala su bila
Feminine singular form, braa braa su bila
plural meaning (m. [f. sg.] pl.)
Noun + Pronoun
N + ja otac i ja smo bili

majka i ja smo bili
dete i ja smo bili
N + vi otac i vi ste bili

majka i vi ste bili
dete i vi ste bili
N + on otac i on su bili
majka i on su bili
dete i on su bili
N + ona otac i ona su bili

majka i ona su bile
dete i ona su bili
402

BASIC COURSE UNIT I,l
Noun + Noun
Nouns of same gender.
m. + m. otac i brat su bili

f. + f. majka i ki su bile
n. + n. pismo i ogledalo su bili
Nouns of different gender before /1/ participIe - all have participIe in /'i;'
m. + f. otac i majka su bili

f. + m. majka i brat su bili
m. + n. otac i dete su bili
n. + m. selo i grad su bili
f. + n. zena i dete su bili
m. pl. + f. sg. sinovi i ki su bili
f. pl. + m. sg. sestre i brat su bili
m. pl. + f. pl. sinovi i keri su bili
f. sg. + m. [f. sg. ] pl. zena i deca su bili
f. pl. + m. [f. sg. ] pl. sestre i braa su bili
Nouns of different genders after /1/ participIe. It is possible to say:
m. + f. Gde je bio otac i majka?

f. + m. Gde je bila majka i sin?
m. + n. Gde je bio otac i dete?
n. + m. Gde je bilo vino i hleb?
f. + n. Gde je bila zena i dete?
n. + f. Gde je bilo meso i supa?
m. pl. + f. sg. Gde su bili sinovi i ki?
f. sg. + m. pl. Gde je bila zena i sinovi?
f. pl. + m. sg. Gde su bile sestre i brat?
m. sg. + f. pl. Gde je bio brat i sestre?
All above sentences may be /Gde su bili . /. The use of Isu bili/ is cons ldcT'('('
standard and is more common in most of the above constructions.
Note 18.1.2 Verb: Word order in Past Tense
The word order of the examples from the Basic Sentences may also b~
noted:
403

Subject Verb Adjective to Subject Prepositional

Phrase
Sela i gradovi su se reali jedni za drugim ispred nas.
Object (+ Verb) Prepo Verb Subject

Phrase
I I
Kakav su utisak na vas napravila naa sela i gradovi.
L - - - - _ _1
The order of the second sentence is determined by the fact that the question
word is a modifier of the object. Question words (other than /li/) come at the
beginning of the sentence or clause.
Sentences with Ida li / (Note 17.1) may have the subject before or after
the /1/ participIe if the latter is not followed by other predicate forms:
Da li su vai otac i majka doli?

Da li su doli vai otac i majka?
If there are other predi cate forms associated with the participIe, the subject
usually comes before it:
Da li su vai otac i majka doli jue u Beograd?
Note 18.2 Verbs: New Verbs
Beginning with this unit new verbs will be listed in a special note,
giving the infinitive, the present, and the meaning. The l-participle, as well
as other forms, will be given when it is felt to be necessary (that is, when
they are unpredictable). The verb type will also be indicated, as well as the
aspect. Where a verb occurs in an aspect pair, both members of the pair will be
given, the simpIer or more basic form being listed first. Verbs not normally
occurring in aspect pairs will be given first, as in the list below.
Verb Aspect Infinitive Present (l-parti- Meaning

Type ciple)
a I izgl~dati {zgleda to look

a I interesIrati interesIra to interest
e p rei da recem rekao, to say
rekla
a I zanImati zanIma to take an
interest
404

i I initi inim to do
i P uiniti da ucinim
e/n p dopasti se da se dopadne dopao se, to please

dopala se
a I dopadati se dopada. se
a/Je I interesovati interesuje (se) to interest;

(se) refl.
a/Je p zainteresovati da (se) zainteresuje to be inter-

(se) ested in
a/Je I nIzati nIem to line up

a/Je P nanIzati da naniem
i P obr~titi da obratim to turn} refl.

a I obraati obraam to turn to
i I praviti pravim to make

i P napraViti da napravIm
e p pr6i da pr5em 'v

prosao, to pass by
prola
i I prolaziti prolazIm
,
e P provesti da provedem proveo to spend time;
provela refl. to
i I provoditi provodim
enjoy
a I r~ati (se) r~am (se) to line up

a P izr~ati (se) da (se) izream
e/i p svideti se da se svidi svideo to please

/svidjeti se da se svidi, svidio,-
bvidjela
a I svIati se svIa se
e P Ui da Uem uao, ula to enter, go

in
i I ulaziti ulazIm
i P zabaviti (se) da se zabavim to amuse

a I zabavljati (se) zabavljam (se)
405

Grammatical Drill
GD 18.1 Substitution-Learning Drill

GD 18.1.1 Past Tense with P1ura1 Subjects - Statements
Mascu1ine Gender
With subjects in singular with negative transform.
Jovan i njegov sin su zadocnili za voz, jer nisu uzeli taksi.
otac i brat moj i Zorin otac

moj prijatelj i njegov sin g. Jovi i g. Popovi
With subjects in plural:
Moji prijatelji su zadocnili za voz, jer su se zadrzali dugo u gradu.
Tomin roditelji oni

Zorini sinovi ovi ljudi
nai srodnici Jovii
Feminine Gender
With subjects in singular:
Majka i sestra su zadocnile za voz mada su otile rano na stanicu.
moja zena i ki g-a Jovi i moja ena

Jovanova i moja sestra g-ca Jovi i moja ki
With sUbjects in plural:
Nae sestre su zadocnile za voz mada su kupile karte ranije.
moje keri gospoe one

nae majke Tomine sestre i keri
Neuter Gender
With sUbjects in singular
Pivo i vino su bili dobri i jeftini.

Pismo i ogledalo su bili na stolu.
meso i crno vino hladno pivo i telee meso
406

Leto i prolee su bili lepi.
jutro 1 vece
With subjects in plural:
Leta su bila topla.

Ova pisma su dola jutros~ gospodo.
Pisma i ogledala su bila na stolu.
Sela u dolini su bila velika i lepa.
Mixed Genders:
Gospodin i gospoa Jovi su putovali vozom, jer nisu imali kola.
Masculine + f. or n. Feminine + m. or n. Neuter + m. or f.
otac i majka moja zena i sin jedno dete i jedna zena

sin i ki zena i deca moja deca i braa
on i dete gospoe i gospoda moja braa i sestra
sinovi i keri sestre i braa ove gospoe i gospoda
I caj i kafa su bili topli.
m. + f. or n. f. + m. or n. n. + m. or f.
dan i no bela kafa i (!aJ jutro i dan

dan i vece supa 1 meso vece i no
GD 18.1.2 Past Tense with pronouns referring to persons /k~/~ /n~ko/, /nlko/
and Isvako/.
Ko je doao?
Neko je ve doao.
Niko jo nije doao.
(Svako je doao na vreme.)
The last sentence is put in parentheses, as it is not used in all situations.

The sentence /Svi su doli na vreme.1 may be used in all situations.
Ko je dobio pismo od Jovana?

Ko je uao unutra?
Ko je zadocnio za voz?
407

Ko je popio kafu?
Ko je razumeo ta ovaj covek govori?
Ko je govorio sa Zorom?
,
Ko se secao Jovana posle toliko godina?
Ko se alio na istou u hotelu?
GD 18.1.3 Past Tense with pronouns referring to things !ta/, /neto/, /nlta/
and /svata/.
ta se (je) ulo?
Neto se cUlo.
Nita se nije ulo.
(Svata se Ulo.)
The sentences on the left side are to be drilled without the last sentence, and
the sentence on the right with all sentences:
ta se trailo? ta se govorilo?
v
Sta se dobilo?
ta se svrilo?
ta se uilo?
,
ta je tr-ebalo reci?
GD 18.1.4 Past Tense with Numbers - Prolo vreme sa brojevima

Present-Past Tense Drill
Jedan covek trai g. Smita. Jedan ovek je traio g. Smita.

Dva oveka traze g. Smita. Dva oveka su trazila g. Smita.
Pet ljudi trazi g. Smita. Pet ljudi je trazilo g. Smita.
Pet ljudi trae g. Smita. ~ ljudi su traili g. Smita.
Jedan covek pita da li je g. Smit kod Jedan ovek je pitao da 11 je. g.

kue? Smit kod kue?
Jedan ovek putuje sa mnom u Zagreb. Jedan covek je putovao sa mnom u
Zagreb.
Jedan covek hoe da razgovara s vama, Jedan covek je hteo da razgovara s
gospodine. vama, gospodine.
408

Past Tense Drill with feminine counterpart
Jedan covek je traio g. Smita. Jedna ena je traila g. Smita.

Dva coveka su traila g. Smita. Dve ene su traile g. Smita.
Pet ljudi je trailo g. Smita. Pet ena je trailo g. Smita.
Pet ljudi su trazili g. Smita. Pet ena su traile g. Smita.
Jedan covek je sedeo u sobi icekao Jedna ena je sedela u sobi icekala
gospodina Smita. gospodina Smita.
U ovoj kui je stanovao jedan covek. U ovoj kui je stanovala jedna ena.
GD 18.1.5 Past Tense with words of quantity and the numbers /pet/ (and above)
on Substitution drill with feminine counterpart
Mnogo ljudi je putovalo vozom. Mnogo ena je putovalo vozom.

Mnogo ljudi nije putovalo vozom. Mnogo ena nije putovalo vozom.
malo est nekoliko
U sobi je bilo mnogo ljudi.

Mnogo ljudi je ilo tramvajem u grad.
Mnogo ljudi je govorilo srpskohrvatski.
Mnogo ljudi je zadocnilo za voz.
Bilo je mnogo ljudi u redu ispred mene.
Mnogo ljudi se alilo na cistou.
Moj brat je putovao pre nekoliko dana brzim vozom u Zagreb.
(ja) dva naa prijatelja moje keri

Zora moja zena i deca

,
Mo,i brat je vec bio u Narodnom muzeju, ali jo nije bio u Narodnom pozoritu.
Moj brat je obraao paznju vie na predele nego na voz.
Moj brat je morao da ide na zeleznicku stanicu za svoje stvari.
Moj brat je zauzeo sobu za sebe u hotelu Metropol.
409

~T 18 SERBO-CROATIAN
Moj brat je kupio red voznje na stanici.

!J.o j brat je juce trazio stan.
,
~oj brat je upoznao Jovice u Beogradu.
Moj brat se upoznao sa jednim inovnikom vae ambasade.
Moj brat je uneo svoje kufere u voz.
Razumeo sam sve to je Zora rekla.
majka moji prijatelji moj otac 0'. i g-da Smit
Danas sam govorio srpskohrvatski s mojim prijateljima.

Malo pre sam razgovarao sa Zorom.
Sedeo sam kod njih do 9 sati uvee.
Kazao sam vaem srodniku da dobro govori srpskohrvatski.

Popio sam kafu pre polaska voza.
Upoznao sa~ Jugoslaviju dobro.
Rekao sam Zori da idemo veeras na put.
Video sam vrlo lep deo zemlje.
Zvao sam ih cesto puta da dou kod nas.
Past Tense of reflexive verbs in third person singular.
Jovan se (je) ve upoznao sa Zorom.

Jovan se jo nije upoznao sa Zorom.
moj brat gospoica Smit gospoa Smit

,
Jovan se secao svojih prijatelja, mada ih dugo nije video.
Jovan se bojao da ne zadocni za voz, ako ne uzme taksi.
Jovan se ve video sa Tomom.
Jovan se proveo vrlo dobro na putu.
Jovan se ve razgulJarao sa svojim prijateljima.
Jovan se mnogo interesovao za stare grke spomenike.
JovaDll se dopala Dalmacija.
Jovan se dopao mojim roditeljima.
410


GD 18.3.1.1 Past Tense with plural subjects of different geners
Subjects iri Singular after the past participIe:
Gde su bili va otac i majka? Bili su kod kue.

Moj otac i majka su bili kod kue.
Moji otac i majka su bili kod kue.
I otac i majka su bili kod kue.
va sin i ki gospoa i gospodin Jovi brat i sestra

Tomina zena i dete vaa sestra i brat Tomino dete i zena
Gde je bio va otac i majka? I otac i majka su bili kod kue.

Bili su kod kue.
Moj otac i majka su bili kod kue.
Otac je bio u kancel~riji, a majka kod kue.
va sin i ki g. Jovi i njegova zena
Gde je bila vaa zena i sin? Zena je bila kod kue, a sin ne znam gde je
bio.
Oboje su bili kod kue.
Bili su kod kue.
Moja zena i sin su bili kod kue.
vaa majka i otac vaa sestra i brat
Subjects in singular before the past participIe:
Gde su va otac i majka bili? Bili su kod kue.

Gde su vai otac i majka bili? Moj otac i majka su bili kod kue.
Moji otac i majka su bili kod kue.
Tomina zena i sin Tomino dete i sestra
Kad su va otac i majka doli u Beograd?

Gde su va otac i majka proveli praznike?
Gde su va otac i majka putovali?
411

Subjects in plural after the past participIe:
With masculine first
Kakvi su bili hoteli i kafane? Bili su dobri i cisti.

Nisu bili dobri i cisti.
Hoteli i kafane su bili cisti.
Hoteli i kafane nisu bili cisti.
stanovi i kue trgovi i ulice

bioskopi i pozorita gradovi i sela
With feminine first
Kakve su bile kue i stanovi? I kue i stanovi su bili lepi i cisti.

Kue su bile lepe, a stanovi nisu.
Bili su lepi i cisti.
Ni kue, ni stanovi nisu bili lepi i cisti.
Kue su bile bolje nego stanovi.
kafane i restorani ulice i trgovi

sobe i kupatila stolice i stolovi
With neuter first
Kakva su bila pozorita i bioskopi? I pozorita i bioskopi su bili dobri.

Pozorita su bila dobra, a bioskopi nisu.
Bili su dobri.
Ni pozorita ni bioskopi nisu bili dobri.
Pozorita su bila bolja nego bioskopi.
sela i gradovi pozorita i kafane kupatila i sobe
GD 18.3.1.2 Verb Drill
Kako ste putovali do Skoplja? Putovao sam brzim vozom.

Putovala sam brzim vozom.
Jovan vai roditelji Putovao sam vrlo udobno.
Zora g. i g-da Jovi Putovala sam vrlo udobno.
412

The following questions and answers are for the above substitution drill:
Gde ste kupili karte? Karte sam kupio na alteru.

Gde ste zauzeli sobu za mene? Zauzeo sam sobu za vas u hotelu Metropol.
ta ste videli usput? Video sam divne i interesantne predele.
v
Sta ste rekli gospodinu Joviu? Rekao sam mu da doe kod nas.
Kako ste se proveli na putu? Proveo sam se vrlo prijatno.
Kuda je prolazio voz? Voz je prolazio Moravskom dolinom kroz

put autobus divne i bogate predele.
v
Sta ~ je najvie interesovalo Najvie me je interes ovala Moravska dolina.
na putu?
ta je Zoru najvie interesovalo Najvie ~ je interes ovala Moravska dolina.
na putu?
Jovan vaa sestra vai prijatelji Amerikanci

va prijatelj g. i g-a Smit oni
on
Drill the following questions and answers with the same substitutions:
Kakav su utisak na v~ napravila l sela i gradovi su napravili na mene vrlo

naa sela i gradovi? lep utisak.
ta ~ se najvie dopalo usput? Najvie su mi se dopali divni prede li i
sela.
ta se Jovanu najvie dopalo Najvie mu se dopala Moravska dolina kroz
usput? koju je voz prolazio.
Zora va prijatelj Jugosloven on g. i g-a Smit

ona vaa zena va brat oni
Drill the following questions and answers with the same substitutions:
v
Sta vam je kazao g. Jovanovi? Kazao mi je da mu je zao to ne moze ii
s nama u pozorite.
Zar vi niste uzeli taksi? Nisam.
Nisam mogao da dobijem taksi. Bilo je ravo
vreme i nije bilo taksija.
on ona vaa zena oni vai roditelji
413

Questions and answers to be used with the above substitutions:
Zar vi niste zauzeli sobu za nas? Nisam. Mislio sam da moete uvek dobiti
sobu.
Zar ste vi zadocnili za voz? Pa jesam. ta da radim. Nisam mogao da
dobijem taksi.
Zato niste uli u eekaonicu? Nisam jo kupio karte.

GD 18.3.2.1 Past Tense with plural subjects of different genders
Subjects in Singular before the past participIe:
Da li su va ot~c i majka bili II Da, bili su.

Jugoslaviji? Ne, nisu bili.
Da li su vai otac i majka bili u Da, moj otac i majka su bili u Jugoslaviji.
Jugoslaviji? Ne, moj otac i majka nisu bili u Jugo-
slaviji.
Tomina ena i dete vaa majka i braa vaa ena i deca vaa braa i sestre
Da li su va hotel i soba bili Da, bili su dobri.

dobri? Ne, nisu bili dobri.
Da li su vai hotel i soba bili Da, moj hotel i soba su bili dobri.
dobri? Ne, moj hotel i soba nisu bili dobri.
vaa soba i kupatilo vae vino i pivo vaa supa i meso
Subjects in Plural before the past participIe:
With masculine or other genders first:
Da li su hoteli i kafane bili cisti. Da, bili su cisti.

Ne, nisu bili cisti.
Da, i hoteli i kafane su bili cisti~
Ne" ni hoteli ni kafane nisu bili cisti.
Da, hoteli i kafane su bili cisti.
Ne" hoteli i kafane nisu bili cisti.
sobe i kreveti ulice i trgovi pozorita i bioskopi sela i gradovi
414

Subjects in Plural after the past participIe:
With masculine first:
Da li su bili cisti hoteli i kafane? Da, i hoteli i kafane su bili cisti.

Ne, ni hoteli ni kafane nisu bili cisti.
Da, bili su.
Ne, nisu bili.
gradovi i sela bioskopi i pozorita ljudi i zene vozovi i stanice
With feminine first:
Da li su bile ciste sobe i kreveti? Da, i sobe i kreveti su bili cisti.

Ne, ni sobe ni kreveti nisu bili cisti.
Da, bili su.
Ne, nisu bili.
kafane i restorani ulice i trgovi
With neuter first:
Da li su bila cista kupatila i sobe? Da, i kupatila i sobe su bili cisti.

Ne, ni kupatila ni sobe nisu bili cisti.
Da, bili su.
Ne, nisu bili.
sela i gradovi pozorita i bioskopi gradska prevozna sredstva
GD 18.3.3 Verb Drill

Da li ste pili kafu? Da, pio sam.
Ne, nisam pio.
Da, pio sam kafu.
Ne, jo nisam pio kafu.
Nada va brat Jovan i Toma

Jovan vaa majka vai prijatelji
Questions for the above drill:
Da li ste govorili sa Nadom?

Da li ste razumeli ta ovaj covek hoe?
Da li ste zauzeli sobu za mene?
415

Da li ste uzeli karte za put?

Da li ste kupili sve to vam treba?
Da li su ~ se dopala naa sela i gradovi?
Da li ste culi kako je gospodin Jovi? Jesam. On je dobro.

Ne, nisam. ~ta je s njim?
Da, cuo sam. Bolje mu je.
Ne, nisam cuo. Ne znam kako mu je.
gospoa Jovi g. i g-da Jovi Tomina zena i deca

vai prijatelji Jovii Zora i njena majka
Da niste zadocnili za voz? Na alost, jesam.

Hvala Bogu, nisam.
Na alost, zadocnio sam. Nisam uzeo
taksi.
Hvala Bogu nisam zadocnio. Uzeo sam
taksi.
va otac vai roditelji gospodin i gospoa Jovi

vaa majka Tomina deca Jovii
Questions for the above drill:
Treba mi Jovan, da ga niste videli? Ne nisam. etc.

Da niste putovali u Zagreb vozom? Kako je putovati vozom?
Jovan je zadocnio za voz, jer nije Da li je Jovan zadocnio za voz?

uzeo taksi.
Jovan nije zadocnio za voz, jer je

uzeo taksi.
On se bojao da ne zadocni za voz i Zato je on uzeo taksi?

uzeo je taksi.
Ja se bojim da ne zadocnim. Gega se vi bojite?
Jovan je svrio posao (/posla) i Da li je Jovan svrio poslaY

sutra se vraa kui.
416

Ja sam prolazio nekoliko puta kroz Da li ste prolazili kroz Moravsku

Moravsku dolinu. dolinu?
Ja sam proao samo jedanput kroz

Moravsku dolinu.
Nisam proao (/polazio) nijedanput Zar niste proSli (/prolazili) nijedan-

kroz Moravsku dolinu. put kroz Moravsku dolinu?
Brzi voz za Skoplje polazi na vreme. Da li brzi voz za Skoplje polazi na

vreme?
Vozovi ovde polaze i dolaze na vreme. Da li ovde vozovi polaze i dolaze na
vreme?
Voz za Skoplje nije poao na vreme. Da li je voz za Skoplje poao na vreme?
Proveo sam na putu tri dana. Koliko (vremena) ste proveli na putu?
Proveo sam se na putu vrlo dobro. Kako ste se proveli na putu?
Nisam se proveo dobro na putu.
Vai vozovi su pretrpani. ta mislite o naim vozovima?
Od Beograda do Velike Plane nisam Da li ste imali mesto u vozu?

imao mesto.
Dopali su mi se vai predeli. ta vam se dopalo usput? /Da li su vam

se dopali nai predeli?
Jovan je uao u sobu. Da li je Jovan uao u sobu? /Gde je

Jovan?
Jovana interesuju muzeji. Da li Jovana interesuju muzeji?
Jovana ne interesuju muzeji.
Vaa zemlja je vrlo lepa i bogata. Kakav je utisak na vas napravila naa
zemlja?
Mene su najvie interesovali predeli. ta vas je najvie interesovalo na putu?

/Ja sam se najvie interesovao
za predele.
417


GD 18.5.1 A B
ujem da ste putovali u Skoplje. Da, tocno je. Putovao sam u Skoplje.
Da li je to tocno.
Kojim vlakom ste putovali? Putovao sam brzim vlakom.
Kakvi su ovdje brzi vlakovi? Nisu loi. Ne znam ta vas interesira.
Interesira me da li su cisti? Moj kupe je bio cist.
Kojim razredom ste putovali? Putovao sam prvim razredom.
Da li je tocno da su vlakovi Da, tocno je. Vlakovi su pretrpani.

pretrpani?
Zato su vlakovi pretrpani? Zbog Vlakovi su oVdje glavno prevozno
cega? sredstvo. Zato su pretrpani.
Da li ste imali mjesto za sjedenje? Da, imao sam mjesto za sjedenje.
Da li je bilo dovoljno mjesta (za Da, bilo je dovoljno mjesta. (Ne, nije
sjedenje) u prvom razredu? bilo dovoljno mjesta.)
Da li ste imali drutva usput? Da, razgovarao sam sa nekoliko

Jugosla vena.
qyjeK ~a cTe nYTOBa~ Y CKon~e. ~a, TaqHO je. llYTOBao caK y CKon~e.
~a ~H je TO TaqHO?
ROjHK B030K CTe nYTOBa~? nYToaao caK 6P3HK B030M.
RaKBR cy 6P3R B030BH OB~e? HHCY p~aBH. He 3xaK WTa aac HHTepecyje.
aHTepecyje Me Aa ~H cy qHCTa? Moj Kyne je 6HO qHCT.
Kojo~ KAacOK CTe nYTOBa~H? ITYTOBao caM npBOM K~acOM.
na ~H je TaqHO Aa cy B030BH
npeTpnaHH?
3amTO cy a030aH npeTpnaHH? B030BH cy oa~e r~aBHO npea03HO cpeAcTao.

O~ qera TO ~o~a3H? 3aTO cY npeTpnaHH.
~a AH cTe HMa~ MecTO 3a ce~eHe? aa, HKao caM MecTO aa CeAeHe.
~a ~H je 6H~O AoaO~HO MeCTa (3a ~a, 6H~O je AOBO~HO MeCTa. (He, Haje
ce~eHe) y npBoj KAacH? 6H~O AOBO~HO MecTa
~a ~H CTe HMa~ APymTBa ycnYT? aa, paaroaapao caM ea HeKO~HRO
JyrOCJIOSeHa.
418

GD 18.5.2
Kako ste se vi i va prijatelj proveli Proveli smo se jako lijepo. Ali, u malo
na putu u Skoplje? nismo zakasnili.
Kako to, zar niste uzeli taksi? Jesmo, ali ja nisam bio gotov na vrijeme.
Taksi je morao cekati.
Pa ta je bilo? Sreom, imali smo toliko vremena da

kupimo karte i uemo u vlak.
Ipak ste bili sretni. Naravno. Vlak je poao cim smo mi
uli. Kao da je cekao na nas, pa da
poe.
Jeste imali dobra mjesta? Jesmo. Sjedeli smo pokraj prozora.
Kako vam se svia naa zemlja? Vlak je prvo prolazio kroz krasne,
brdovite predjele, koje ja mnogo
volim.
To je jo bila okolica Beograda, zar Jest. Tako je bilo sve do jedne stanice,
ne? ne znam kako se zove. Od te stanice
vlak je stalno prolazio dolinom rijeke
Morave.
To je sigurno Velika Plana ili Velika Plana. Tu je vlak uao u

Lapovo. Moravsku dolinu.
Jeste li ranije prolazili Moravskom Nisam. Zato me je taj dio puta najvie
dolinom? zanimao.
Pa kako vam se dopala Moravska dolina? Od prijatelja sam cuo da je vrlo

lijepa, ali nisam znao da je tako
plodna i bogata.
Da li je brzi vlak stajao l cesto Nije.

usput?
Da li ste izlazili iz vlaka na nekoj Da, izlazio sam samo u Niu.

stanici?
l
/stajati/ Ito cost) [Unit 13] to stop, be stopping l
419

KaKO CTe BH H Bam npHjaTe~ npOBe~ llposeJm CMO ce SPJlO Jleno. AJlH, Y MaJlO
Ba nyTy y CKon~e? HHCllO 3a~OUHHJlH.
KaRO TO, 3ap BHcTe Y3e~ TaRca? JeCMO, a~ ja BRcaM 6ao rOTOB Ha speKe.
TaKCK je Kopao Aa ~eKa.
ITa WTa je 6HJlO? CpehOK, HKaJlH CKO TOJlHKO BpeueRa ,u.a

KynHllo KapT8 ft y~eMo y B03.
HnaR CTe 6HJlH cpehBH. HapaBHO. B03 je nomao ~HM cMO KH ymJlH.
Rao Aa je ~eKao Ha Hac, na Aa no~e.
JecTe HMa~ ~o6pa ueCTa? JeCMO. CeA8JlH CMO nope~ np030pa.
KaKO BaM ce ~onaJIa Hama 3eM~? BOG je npso npOJIa3HO Rp03 AHsHe,
6p~OSHTe np8~eJle, Koje ja MBoro BOJlHM.
To je jom 6HJIa OKOJlHBa Beorpa~a, JecTe. TaKo je 6HJlO CBe ~O je~Be CTaHH~e,
je JJ[ 1'1e? He GHaM KaRo ce 30Be. OA Te CTaBHQe
B~3 je CTS~O npOJIaGHO ~OJlHHOM peKe
Mopsse.
To je cHrypHo BeJlHKa llJIaBa HJlH AanoBO. BeJlHKs llJlaHs. Ty je B03 ymso y

MopascKy ~OJlHBY.
JeCTe JlH paHHje np0JIa3HJlH ~opaSCKOM HHcaM. 3STO Me je Taj Aeo nyTs HajBHUIe
~OJlHHOll? HHTepeCOBao.
ITa KaKO BaM ce ~onaJIa MopaSCKa OA npHjaTe~ caM ~yo Aa je BP~O Jlena,
,u.OJlHHa ? aJlH BHcaM 3Rao Aa je TaKO nJlOAHa H

60raTa.
1
na JlH je 6P3H B03 cTajao ~eCTO ycnYT? HHje.
lJ.a JlH cTe H3JIa3HJlH H3 B03a Ba BeKoj lJ.a, H3JIa3HO call callO Y HHWY.
cTaHH~H?
GD 18.5.3
Da li je vlak doao na vrijeme u Pravo da vam kazem nisam obraao
Skoplje? narocito paznju na to. Ali, mislim
da jest.
420

U koje dbba dana ste doli u Skoplje? Bilo je pred vecer, ali jo se lijepo
vidjelo.
to vam se dopalo u Skoplju? Kao to znate, Skoplje ima stari i novi

dio grada.
Mi smo bili i u jednom i u drugom
dijelu.
Kako vam se svidio stari dio grada. Meni su se svidjele neke zgrade u
starom i novom dijelu grada.
Koje zgrade su vam se svidjele? Svidio mi se kolodvor, koji je vrlo

lijep, iako je nov.
To ste lijepo kazali. Sve nove zgrade U Skoplju sam vidio nekoliko lijepih
zbilja nisu lijepe, ali to nije starih zgrada. Narocito mi se svidjela
tocno za kolodvor u Skoplju. zgrada u kojoj je muzej.
Zanima me, koje su vam se druge
zgrade svidjele?
To je sigurno Kurumli Han. Jest, tako se zove. Vi mora biti da

volite Skoplje, kad se tako dobro
sjeate svega.
Da, volim. I milo mi je to se i vama Vaa zemlja je zaista" jako lijepa i

svia Skoplje. interesantna.
~a AH je B03 ~omao Ha Bpeue y ITpaso ~a Bau KazeM HHcau o6pahao

CKOD.I)e? Hapo~HTo n8~ Ha TO. AAH, MHCAHM
p;a jecTe.
YKoje ~o6a ~aHa cTe ~om~ y CKon~e? BHAO je npep; Be~e, aAK jom ce Aeno
EHJ,l;eAO.
mTa BaM ce ~onaAo y CKon.l)y? Kao WTO aHaTe, CKOn.l)e HMa cTapH H HOBH
~eo rpa~8.
MH CMO 6H~ H Y jeJ,l;HOM H y ~pyroK p;eAY.
KaKO BaM ce ~onao cTapH ~eo rpa~a? MeHK cy ce p;ona~e HeKe arpap;e H y
cTapOK K y HOBOK p;eAY rpa~a.
Koje 3rpa~e cy Bau ce ~ona~e? ~ona~ KH ce ze~eaHH~Ka cTaHHQa, Koja je

sp~o Aena, HaKO je HOBa.
To CTe Aeno K8aaAH. CBe HOBe arpaAe y CKon~y caK BH~eo

HeKOAKKO ~enHX cTapKX
36H.I)Q HHCy ~ene, a~ TO HHje Ta~o arpaAa. HaPO~HTO MH ce ~ona~ arpa~a
aa CTaHHQY y CKon.l)Y. HHTepecyje Me, y KOjOj je uyaej.
Koje cy BaM ce ~pyre arpaAe ~onaAe~
421

To je CH~ypHO KypmYM~ XaH. JeCTe, TaKO ce aOBe. BH Kopa 6HTH

Aa BO~Te CKon~, KaA ce TaKO Aopo
cehaTe CBe~a.
~a, BO~M. H MH~O KH je mTO ce H Bama aeM.l>a je a6a.lla BP~O ~ena II

saMa AonaAa CKon~e. HHTepecaHTHa.

GD 18.6.1 Fill the blank with the proper form of the verb given to the right
of each sentence.
l. Moj sin i k'i su jutros u Zagreb. otii (Gde)

-------
2. Ovi ljudi i zene su juce iz Beograda. doi (Ko)
3. Moja majka i sestra su taksi uzeti (Da li)
od stanice do kue.
4. Ove gospoe i deca su polazak voza. cekati (ta)
5. Moj brat i sin su u sobi. sedeti (Gde)
6. Dve gospoe su da razgovaraju s hteti (ta)
vama.
7. Pet ljudi je _ vozom. doi (Koliko)
8. Pivo i vino su _ _ _ _ _ _ _ hladni. biti (Kakav)
9. U cekaonici je ________ mnogo ljudi. ~ekati (Da li)
la. Otac i majka su _____________ praznike kod provesti (Gde)
kue.
ll. I kue i stanovi su lepi i cisti. biti (Kakav)
12. Pivo je hladno i dobroJ ali vino biti (Kakav)
nije.
GD 18.6.2 Make questions to which the above sentences will be appropriate

answers. The question words to be used are given in parentheses.
422

UNIT 19

Meeting a Friend Sastanak sa prijateljem CaCT8H8K ca npv.J8Te~eM
A
Jf' /
will you go hocete li ~ci xoheTe J1H ihH
Are you going to go to

, ,
Hocete li 1ci danas u
l ' I I ,
XoheTe
AH HhH t
~aHac
ly
the National Museum today? , #
Nhrodni muz~j?
IIII go ii u
I '
this afternoon danas poslije ,a;8Hac noc~e no,a;He
p5dne
, , , I #t , I t ~
Yes, lIm going this Da, lCi cu danas .na, HU hy ,a;aH8c nOCJIe no,a;He.
afternoon. I ,
poslije podne.
to eat lunch, noon meal rucati, rn~m

~
py'laTH, py'l8U
~ -
rilI eat 1unch rUcau / rucat
u (Cr)
cafeteria ekspres-restoran 8Kcnpec-peCTopaH
J. . , I
1111 eat lunch in a cafe- RUat u u jednom Py'lahy y je,a;HOM eKcnpec-
teria. I ,
,
ekspres-restor~nu. pecTopaHy.
lunch, noon meal rUak, G. rUka

~
py'l8K, PY'lK8
,
And immediately after 1unch I odmah p6s1ije rUka
I ,_.
H OAM8X noc~e
l'
PY'lK8
I
HAeM
lim going to the museum.
ldem u mUz~j.
to remain, stay ostati, da

ostanem
J. ,
you tIl stay vI ete ostati BH heTe oCTaTH
I
~CTaTHly
I
How long are you going to Koliko ete ostati u KOJIHRO heTe
be (rstay!) in the ~
museum? WY3e jy?
1111 stay ostau / ostat ~cTahY

u (Cr)
while dok "
AOK
423

...
until dok ne
,
to look over razgledati, da pa3f1JIe~f1TH. ~a
razgledam pa3f1JIe~a)(
IIII stay until I see

, , I , I OcTahy
I ,
~OK He
, _ ,
pa3f1JIe~aK
Ostat cu dok ne razg~am
everything that interests I I
me. sve to me zanIma. cB~lmTO Ke HHTepecyje.
, ! ~
whole clj el (I ela), I.J;eo, IJ;eJIa, I.J;eJIO
cijela, -o
I' I
To ce biti sigurno
... I
That'll certainly be all
afternoon. I , ~
cijelo pbslije p5dne. nocJIe nOJJ;He.
perhaps, maybe
or,
to forget (with Inal) zaboraviti, da 3a60paBHTH, JJ;a

zaboravIm 3a60paBHM
meeting, appointment sastanak G cacTaHaK

sastanka pl. cacTaHKa
sastanci CaCTaHI.J;H
I J , ". I
You havenit forgotten our NIste mbda zaboravili HHcTe Ba~~a 3a6opaBHJIH
meeting by any chance? '.". #
Ha Ham cacT8HaK?
I ,
I wouldnIt like ne bih elio He 6HX 3ICeJIeO
again
...
to happ en desiti se, da ~eCHTI1 ce, ~a
ce A8Ci
se desI
,
or dogoditi se, da ,ll.OI'O~HTH ce, JJ;a ce
se dogodI A9 f1O JJ;H
Ne, nIsam. Ne bih He, HHcaM.
" l
He 6HX )I(~JIeol
No, I havenlt. I wouldnit
want that to happen again. I I
Aa ce TO oneT
J I "
~ecH.
-
elio da se to
bpet dogodI.
A
".
to return, refl. vr~titi se, da BpaTI1TH, ce, Aa

to get back se vratIm ce BpaTHM
.l .l
youill return vI ete se vr~titi BI1 heTe ce BpaTI1TH
I
Will you get back home Da li ete se vr~titi ~ JIH heTe ce Bf-~ TUTU I
by seven? l ,#
dbma do sedam? KyhJ.t /JO r.e,lJ,&M?
424

B
,
to depend (on: lod/) z1fvisiti, aaSHCHTH ~
aaSHCH -
z1fvisI
I , , ..l ,
IIII be kept ja cu se zadrzati ja hy ce aaApzaTH
That depends on how long I T6 z:visi od tOga l J

To aaSHcH
J
O~
"
To~a
l RO~KO
I
spend (IIIII be kept') I , J ~

in the museum. koliko cu se hy ce a8ApzaTH y Myaejy.
zad~ati u muz~ju.
!.
to close zatv1frati, 3STSSpSTB, aaTsspsu
zatvaram
is closed zatvara se "

aSTsspa ce
I
When does the museum close? Kad se zatvara muzej? RaA ce 3~TBapaIMyaej?
A
since, as; after poto "

nOJltTo
, ,,-
to open otvoriti, da OTBOpHTH, Aa OTBOpHM
otvorIm
open) openhearted otvoren, -a, -o OTBopeH, -8 -o

l l !
Since today ts Friday, the Poto je danas p~tak, ITomTo je ~SHSC neTaK,
museum is open tilI 7:00. I I
muzej je otvoren do Myaej je OTBopeH ~o
19:00 s1ftI.
I
"
19:00 "iscosa. --
B
I wontt be able n~u moi

I I ~ I J
Then I won1t be able to bnda se n~u mbi OHAS ce Hehy Mohz SpSTHTH
get home by seven. I ,
l I I ~o ceAaM.
'
vratiti doma do KyhH
sedam.
to, tow ard (with D) k, ka K, Ka
dinner, evening meal veera S6'lepa
I I "1 ,# J J
But do you KnOW what, come Zn~te ta, Hero aHaTe mTa, AO~HTe BH !Cop;
over to my place for I I I" ,
dinner after seven-thirty. k mEmi' poslije MeHe noc~e ocaM
no~
pola osam na veeru. "

Ha se'lepy.
A
!
All right. y pe~y.
425

up to certain point of
time or space
to arrive stii, da
...
stignem, stigao CTHrao
l ....
IIII arrive jk u stii ja hy CTHhH
1'11 probably be home Dotle u moda stii

.. I .. , ..
~oT~e hy Ba~Aa CTHhH KyhH.
by then.
kui.
l ~
we 1 11 eat supper mt emo vecerati MH heMo Se'lepaTH
~
during (with G) aa BpeM:e
:::. :::
peace mIr G mira IlHp, MHpa
~
quietly, undisturbed
Then welll have dinner

na mIru
bnda emo zajedno

.
OH~a
Ha MHpy
hellO
.
aaje~Ho
~
Be'lepaTH
together and talk about I
everything at leisure, vecerati i za H aa B~eMe B~'1epe Ha Ilipy l
during dinner.
vrijeme vecere u .1
paarOBapaTH "
o cBelly.
I
mIru razgov~rati o
,
svemu.
convenient zgodan, zgodna, aro~aH, " "

arOAHa, -o
-o
the most convenient

,
najzgodniji,
I
-a,
~
HajaroAHHjH, -a, -e
I _
-
-e
Fine, thatis perhaps the
most convenient.
n~jzgodnije.
...
HajarO,D;HHje.
.
426

NOTES
Note 19.1 Verb: Future
a) Koliko ete ostati u muzeju?

b) Ostau dok ne razgledam sve to me interesuje.
, ,
c) Hocete li ici danas u Narodni muzej?
, , ,
d) Onda se necu moci vratiti kuci do sedam.
There are two basic types of future constructions. Both involve the
present forms of the verb /hteti/ (see Note 13.4 and the examp1es of /hteti/).
This verb, like /biti/, has short, long and negative forms:
Short Long Negative

, , ', ,,
cu cemo hou hoemo necu necemo
',
e ete hoe hoete n~e necete
, , , , ,, , ,
ce ce hoce hoce nece nte
One future construction, illustrated in b) above, suffixes the short

present tense forms of /hteti/ to the stem of the verb. The form of the stem is
usually the same as in the infinitive. (see Note 20.1 for variants).
.Lv '
rucati ruca-cu
osta-ti osta-u
veera-ti veera-emo
vr~ti-ti vr~ti-e
dobi-ti dobi-u
This kind of construction occurs only in the affirmative. A variant spelling

(with no difference in pronunciation) is used in Croatia: /ostat u/, /veerat
emo/, /vratit ef, /dobit uje
If the infinitive ends in /-i/, two forms are possible. The whole infini-
tive may be followed by /u/, /e/, etc. (this is considered standard) or the
stem which occurs before /-i/ may have /u/, /e/, etc. suffixed:
,, ,, , ,,
ici ici cu or icu
,
d5i d5i cu or d5u
, , , , , , ,
stici stici cu or sticu
The shorter forms are often used but are not considered standard.
427

This first type of construction - stem plus l-u/o etc. - is used when
there is no emphasis on the subject and the verb comes first in the clause.
The second type of future formation has the present of /hteti/ followed by
the infinitive. This is illustrated by a), c), d). The short form /ete/ occurs
in a), the long form /hoete/ in c) and the negative /n~u/ in d). In this
construction the emphasis is upon some factor other than the action indicated
by the infinitive. Question words, such as /koliko/, and constructions such as
Ida lij normally come first in the clause, as in a). In future questions the
auxiliary verb frequently comes first, as in c). The emphasis may also be on
other words, such as londa/ in d). Compare:
To e biti sigurno celo posle podne. Emphasis on referent Itol

Da li eti se vratiti kui do sedam? Emphasis on question
To zavisi od toga koliko u se zadrzati u muzeju. Emphasis on /koliko/
Dotle u valjda stii kui. Emphasis on /dotle/
Onda emo zajedno veerati. Emphasis on /onda/
This second type of future construction is, of course, regularly used when the
sUbject is expressed either by a preceding noun or pronoun: /moja majka e ii/,
Ija u ii/o It is regularly used after 'clause introducers l , such as the
question words /koliko/, /kad/, etc. (see above), as well as others such as
/to/, Idal, etc. For example: /Mislirn da u ostati u muzeju celo posle podne./
In swrrmary, the future forms using /{i/ as the example, are:
Type l
Stem + Infinitive +
,, ,,
ostau ostaemo icu icemo ii u ii emo
ostae ostaete ie {ete ii e ii cete
ostae ostae {e {e ii e ii e
428

Type 2
Affirmative Negative
Unemphatic Interrogative
, ,
-cu ii da li cu ii hou li ii n~u ii
, v ', ',
-ces ici da li e ici hoe li ii n~es ii
, ,, , ,,
-ce ici da li ce ici hoe li ii nece ii
, ,
-cemo ii da li cemo ii hoemo li ici n~emo ii
-ete ii da li ete ii hoete li ii nete ii
, ,
-ce ii da li ce ii hoe li ii n~e ii
Note: Questions without /li/ also occur. For example~ /hoete li ii/ may be
replaced by /hoete ii/ with question intonation.
Both perfective and imperfective verbs occur in the future. Verbs used
in the Basic Sentences of this unit as futures are:
ostati ii
razgledati moi
zaboraviti rUati
vr~titi se veerati
stii
It is more common for most verbs to occur in the perfective~ as the future
6enerally refers to the anticipated completion of the act. IWelll returnl~
Iwelll forget' are more frequently used than Iwelll be returning', 'we'll be
forgettin61. On the other hand~ imperfective verbs like Ibe able l , Idinel are
frequent in future use.
Compare the English and Serbo-Croatian for past, present and future of
I give I:
Imperfective Perfective
Present d~j~mo we1re giving Present dok ne damo until we give

Past d~vali smo we were giving Past dl1lj smo we gave
Future d~vaemo welll be giving Future daemo welll give
429

The most frequently used forms are the imperfective present 'we're giving', the
perfective past and future 'we gave', 'we'll give'.
It should be noted that negative future questions are uncommon. An example

is /Neete li ii danas u Narodni muzej?/.
It should also be mentioned that the future of /eleti/ and /hteti/ (see
GD 19.2.2) are used only in the second and third persons.
Note 19.2 Verb: Review of Aspect
The following charts contrast the use of familiar English constructions

with the use of different aspects in Serbo-Croatian.
Action in Process Repetitive/Habitual Completed Action

Action
Present:
Past:
I'!!! drinking coffee I drink coffee every
I
now
~ drinking
day.
I drank coffee every

I><
I drank the coffee
coffee, when day and went away.
John came. or
I -
used
-- to-drink
- - coffee
every day.
Future: IIII be drinking I'll - - coffee every

- -drink IIII drink the coffee
----
coffee when John day. and go away.
comes.
Action in Process Repetitive/Habitual Completed Action

Action
------ ------
~ ~
Present: Ja ~ kafu sada. Ja ~ kafu svaki dan. ~
Past: Ja ~ .E!2. kafu, Ja~~ kafu svaki Ja sam ~ kafu

kad je Jovan dan. i otiao.
doao.
Future: Ja u piti kafu, Ja u piti kafu svaki Ja u popiti kafu
kad Jovan doe. dan. i otici.
430

Note 19.3 New Verbs
a I ruati rUcam to eat lunch

a I veerati veeram to eat dinner
, ,
i I zavisiti zavisI to depend
i p desiti se da se des! to happen
a I de~vati se deava se
i p dogoditi se da se dogodI to happen

a I dogati se dogaa se
V/n P ostati da ostanem to stay, remain

,
a/Je I ostajati ostajem
i P otvoriti da otvorIm to open

, ,
a I otvarati otvaram
a P razgledati da razgledam to look over

,
a I razgledati razgledam
/razgled~vati /razgledavam
Cin P stii da stignem stigao to arrive

/stlgnuti
a/Je I stizati stiem
i P vr~titi (se) da (se) vr.tIm to return

a I vraati (se) vraam (se)
i P zatvoriti da zatvorIm to close, shut

a I zatv~rati zatvaram
Grammatical Drill
19.1 Learning Drill - Veba za ucenje

19.1.1 Future Tense - Substitution Drill - Budue vreme - Veba sa zamenom
Verbs: /vratiti sei and /ii/
First Person - Prvo lice
Vratiu se kui do sedam. Vratiemo se kui do sedam.

Ja u se vratiti kui do sedam. Mi emo se vratiti kui do sedam.
Neu se vratiti kui do sedam. Neemo se vratiti kui do sedam.
431

Ja se neu vratiti kui do sedam. Mi se neemo vratiti kui do sedam.

Ii u danas posle podne u Narodni Ii emo danas posle podne u Narodni
muzej. muzej.
, ,
Ja u ii danas posle podne u Narodni Mi cemo ici danas posle podne u
muzej. Narodni muzej.
Neu ii danas posle podne u Narodni Neemo ii danas posle podne u
muzej. Narodni muzej.
Ja neu ii danas posle podne u Mi neemo ii danas posle podne u
Narodni muzej. Narodni muzej.
Substitutions for Imi/:
otac i ja majka i ja ki i ja zena i ja
Second Person - Drugo lice

v , ,
Cekae me na veeeru do sedam. Cekacete me na veceru do sedam.
Ti e me eekati na veeeru do sedam. Vi ete me eekati na veeeru do sedam.
Nee~ me eekati na veeeru do sedam. Neete me eekati na veeeru do sedam.
Ti me nee eekati na veeeru do sedam. Vi me neete eekati na veeeru do sedam.
Ui e u voz odmah eim dozvole. Ui ete u voz odmah eim dozvole.
Ti e ui u voz odmah eim dozvole. Vi ete ui u voz odmah eim dozvole.
Nee ui u voz odmah eim dozvole. Neete ui u voz odmah eim dozvole.
Ti nee ui u voz odmah eim dozvole. Vi neete ui u voz odmah eim dozvole.
Substitutions for lvii:

otac i vi vi i vaa ki gospoa i vi vi i Tomin sin
v v
vas muz vi i dete
Third Person - Tree lice
Rueae u ekspres-restoranu. Rucae u ekspres-restoranu.

On e rueati u ekspres-restoranu. Oni e rucati u ekspres-restoranu.
Nee rueati u ekspres-restoranu. Nee rucati u ekspres-restoranu.
On nee rueati u ekspres-restoranu. Oni nee rucati u ekspres-restoranu.
Stii e na vreme za voz. Stii e na vreme za voz.
On e stii na vreme za voz. Oni e stii na vreme za voz.
Nee stii na vreme za voz. Nee stii na vreme za voz.
On nee stii na vreme za voz. Oni nee stii na vreme za voz.
432

Substitutions for Ioni: Substitutions for lonil:
Jovan ona vae dete Jovan i Toma one

va sin vaa zena Tomin prijatelj vai roditelji vae sestre
Tomina ki g. i g-da Jovi g-da i g-ca
Jovi
GD 19.1.2 Present Tense with Future Transform
Present Tense Future Tense
Verb Ivraati sei Verb Ivratiti sei
Vraam se u Beograd idue Vratiu se u Beograd idue nedelje.

nedelje.
ti Ti se vraa u Beograd idue Ti e se vratiti u Beograd idue
nedelje. nedelje.
on On se vraa u Beograd idue ~ e se vratiti u Beograd idue
nedelje. nedelje.
Toma Toma se vraa u Beograd idue Toma e se vratiti u Beograd idue
nedelje. nedelje.
Ona Ona se vraa u Beograd idue Ona e se vratiti u Beograd idue
nedelje. nedelje.
moja Moja zena se vraa u Beograd Moja zena e se vratiti u Beograd idue
zena idue nedelje. nedelje.
mi Mi se vraamo u Beograd idue Mi emo se vratiti u Beograd idue
nedelje. nedelje.
v ,
zena i ena i ja se vraamo u Beograd Zena i ja cemo se vratiti u Beograd
~ idue nedelje. idue nedelje.
vi Vi se vraate u Beograd idue Vi ete se vratiti u Beograd idue
nedelje. nedelje.
,
oni Oni se vraaju u Beograd idue Oni ce se vratiti u Beograd idue
nedelje. nedelje.
zena i ena i deca se vraaju u Zena i deca e se vratiti u Beograd
deca
Beograd idue nedelje. idue nedelje.
433

stizati, stizem - stii, da stignem
Stizem u Beograd u petak. stii ~ u Beograd u petak.
ii, idem
Idem opet u muzej danas posle podne. Ii u opet u muzej danas posle podne.
dolaziti, dolazim - doi, da doem
Dolazim kui (uvek) u sedam sati. Doi u (danas) kui u sedam sati.
vecerati, veceram
Subotom veceram u restoranu. U subotu u vecerati u restoranu.
Repeat the above drill with negative transform e.g.
Ne vraam se u Sarajevo idue nedelje. Neu se vratiti u Sarajevo idue nedelje.
GD 19.1.3 Future Tense with Past Tense transform
Vratiu se u Sarajevo u Vratio sam se u Sarajevo u subotu.

subotu.
on On e se vratiti u Sarajevo On se vratio u Sarajevo u subotu.
u subotu.
Jovan Jovan e se vratiti u Jovan se vratio u Sarajevo u subotu.
Sarajevo u subotu.
Zora Zora e se vratiti u Zora se vratila u Sarajevo u subotu.
Sarajevo u subotu.
mi Mi emo se vratiti u Mi smo se vrati i u Sarajevo u
Sarajevo u subotu. subotu.
vi Vi ete se vratiti u Sara- Vi ste se vratili u Sarajevo, u
jevo u subotu, je l Ste? subotu, je llte?
oni Oni e se vratiti u Oni su se vratili u Sarajevo u
Sarajevo u subotu. subotu.
vai Vai prijatelji e se Vai prijatelji su se vratili u
prijatelji vratiti u Sarajevo u Saraj evo u subotu, j e l' te?
subotu, je l tte?
vae sestre Vae sestre e se vratiti u Vae sestre su se vratile u Sara-
Sarajevo u subotu, je l'te? jevo u subotu, je llte?

Ostau u kancelariji do sedam sati. Ostao sam u kancelariji do sedam sati.

Biu u muzeju celo posle podne. Bio sam u muzeju celo posle podne.
Stii u na vreme za brzi voz. Stigao sam na vreme za brzi voz.
Doi u u 8 sati. Doao sam u 8 sati.
Vecerau kod kue. Vecerao sam kod kue.
Uzeu red vozne na stanici. Uzeo sam red voznje na stanici.
Uneu stvari u brzi voz. Uneo sam stvari u brzi voz.
Repeat the above drills in the negative:
Neu se vratiti u Beograd u Nisam se vratio u Beograd u subotu,

subotu. etc.
Include in the negative drill the following sentences:
Neu moi da doem kod vas u subotu. Nisam mogao da doem kod vas u subotu.

GD 19.2.1 Future Tense
Osta~ u muzeju dok ne razgledam sve to me interesuje.
Toma oni moji roditelji

Zora zena i ki g. i g-a Jovi
To zavisi od toga koliko u se zadrati u muzeju.

Vratiu se iz muzeja im razgledam sve to me interesuje.
Onda ~ popiti kafu pre nego to pOe voz.
Dotle ~ valjda stii kui.
Ne znam da li u doi kui na vreme.
Present Tense with Future transform:

,
Toma se vraca danas iz Zagreba. Toma e se vratiti danas iz Zagreba.
Zora mi nai prijatelji Toma i Jovan

,
Toma stie danas kui. Toma ce stii danas kui.
,
Toma ide danas u kancelariju iako Toma ce ii danas u kancelariju, iako
je subota. je subota.
435

Toma dola~i vozom iz Zagreba. Toma e doi vozom iz Zagreba.

Toma vecera subotom u restoranu. Toma e vecerati u subotu u restoranu.
Toma ruca danas u ekspres-restoranu. Torna e rucati danas u ekspres-
restoranu.
Future Tense with Past Tense transform:
Doi emo sa stanice taksijem. Doli smo sa stanice taksijem.
moja zena i deca moja sestra Toma i Jovan oni mi
ena i ja emo vecerati kod Metropola. ena i ja smo vecerali kod Metropola.
Ostaemo u Dalmaciji dve nedelje. Ostali smo u Dalmaciji dve nedelje.
Biemo kod kue za vreme praznika. Bili srno kod kue za vreme praznika.
Zadraemo se u gradu malo due. Zadrali smo se u gradu malo duzee
Stii emo kui dockan u no. Stigli s~ kui dockan u no.
Razgovaraemo o svemu na miru za Razgovarali s~ o svemu na miru za
vreme vecere. vreme vecere.
GD 19.2.2 Verb /eleti/ varying with /hteti/
elim da idem danas u Narodni muzej. Hou da idem danas u Narodni muzej.
Ne eli~ da idem danas u Narodni muzej. Neu da idem danas u Narodni muzej.
eleo sam da idem danas u Narodni Hteo sam da idem danas u Narodni muzej,
,
muzej, ali ne mogu ii, zbog posla. ali ne mogu ici, zbog posla.
Jovan moja ki nai srodnici
On e sigurno zeleti da ide u Narodni On e sigurno hteti da ide u Narodni

muzej. muzej.
deca gospoda nai jugoslovenski prijatelji

moj sin g. i g-da Jovi vai arnericki prijatelji

GD 19.3.1.1 Substitution Drill

Use of vi-form - Upotreba vi-oblika
Kad ete ii, gospodine, na zeleznicku Danas posle podne.

stanicu?
Kad ete ii, gospoo, na eleznicku Ii cu danas posle podne na zeleznicku
stanicu? stanicu.
Jo ne znam.
Jo ne znam kad u ii na zeleznicku
stanicu.
Kad ete ii, gospodo, na zeleznicku Danas posle podne.

,
stanicu? Ii cemo danas posle podne na
eleznicku stanicu.
Jo ne znamo.
,
Jo ne znamo kad cemo ii na
eleznicku stanicu.
Substitutes for lVii:
vi i vaa porodica vi i vaa majka

vi i va mu vi i brat
Use of Third Person - Upotreba treeg lica
Singular - Jednina
Kad e Jovan ii na put. Sutra posle podne.

On e ii na put sutra posle podne.
Ne znam.
Ne znam kad e Jovan ii na put.
Substitutions for lJavani:
on va otac ona
vaa majka njen sin Zorin sin
Plural - MnOina
Kad e oni ii na izlet? Sutra posle podne.

Oni e ii na izlet sutra posle podne.
Nita ne znam o tome.
Ne znam kad e oni ii na izlet.
437

Substitutions for lonil:
njihovi srodnici vai majka i sestra deca

Zorini prijatelji one vaa braa
vai roditelji vae sestre ta gospoda
GD 19.3.1.2 Substitution-Correlation Drill
Koliko ete se zadrzati na sastanku? Najvie sat-dva.

Zadrzau se najvie jedan do dva sata.
Ne znam tacno.
Ne znam tacno koliko u se zadrzati na
sastanku.
vi (pl) vaa majka vai prijatelji g. i g-a Smit
The following questions with short answers are for the above type of drill:
Koliko ete ostati u Skoplju? Samo dva dana.

Gde ete biti danas posle podne? Kod kue.
Gde ete sutra vecerati? Kod Metropola.
Kad ete razgovariti sa g. Joviem? Sutra posle podne.
Kad ete stii u Jugoslaviju? Idue nedelje.
Kakav ete stan imati u Beogradu? Imau mali stan.
Koliku ete kuu imati u Zagrebu? Imau malu kuu.
Kad ete ii na letovanje? Ove subote.
Gde ete danas rucati? Rucau u ekspres-resotranu.

,
Hoete (li) ii danas na potu? Da, hou. IDa, ii cu.
, ,
Ne, neeu. INe, neeu ii.
,
Da li ete ii danas na potu. Da, ii cu danas na potu.
, ,
Ne, neeu iei danas na potu.
Zar ete ii danas na potu? Da, hou.

Da, ii u danas na potu.
Zar neete ii danas na potu. Na zalost neu.

Na alost neu ii danas na potu.
Nemam vremena.

Pa mozda u ipak ii, ali nije sigurno

Zavisi od posla.
Da neete ii danas na potu? Verovatno da u ii. Pre da hou nego

,
da necu.
,
Nije sigurno, mozda necu.
(vi [pl]) Zora g. i g-da Jovi

Toma vaa majka vai jugoslovenski prijatelji
The following questions are for the above type of drill:
Hoete (li) ii ove godine na letovanje?

Hoete (li) biti veceras kod kue?
Hoete (li) se zadrati dugo u Zagrebu?
Hoete (li) stii na vreme za voz?
Hoete (li) doi na sastanak sa Jovanom?
Hoete (li) se vratiti kui do pola osam?
GD 19.4 Question and Answers Drill with Prompt
Jo nisam iao u Narodni muzej. Da li ste ili u Narodni muzej?

Danas posle podne u ii u Narodni Hoete (li) ii danas u Narodni muzej?
muzej.
Jo nisam rucao. Da li ste rucali?
Rucau u jednom ekspres-resotranu. Gde ete rucati?
Biu u muzeju celo posle podne. Da li ete biti u muzeju celo posle
podne?
Ostau u muzeju dok ne razgledam sve Koliko ete ostati umuzuje?
to me interesuje.
Neu se vratiti kui do sedam. Da li ete se vratiti kui do sedam?
Zadra u se u muzeju do pola osam. Dokle ete se zadrati u muzeju?
Dotle u (do osam) valjda stii kui. Da li ete doi kui do osam?
Jo nisam vecerao. Da li ste vecerali?
Toma i ja emo zajedno vecerati. S kim ete vecerati?
Nisam zaboravio na na sastanak. Da li ste zaboravili na na sastanak?
Jo nisam razgovarao s Tomom o vaoj Da li ste razgovarali s Tomom o mojoj
stvari. stvari?
Za vreme vecere emo na miru razgova- Kad ete razgovarati s njim o tome?
rati o tome.
Moji otac i majka jo nisu doli u Da li su vai otac i majka doli u
Beograd. Beograd?
439

Oni e doi kroz tri dana. Kad e oni doi?

,
Oni e stii u subotu uvece. Kad e oni stii u Beograd?
Majka i zena jo nisu dole kui. Da li su vaa gospoa majka i zena
dole kui?
One e se zadrzati u gradu malo duzee Koliko e se one zadrzati u gradu?
Vratie se kui oko osam. Kad e se vratiti kui?
elim (/eleo bih) da vidim Narodni ta elite da vidite?
muzej.
Hou (/Hteo bih) da vidim Narodni
muzej.
Moji prijatelji e sigurno zeleti da Da li vai prijatelji zele da vide
vide Narodni muzej. Narodni muzej?
Moji prijatelji e sigurno hteti da
vide Narodni muzej.

GD 19.5.1 A B
v
Je li vas prijatelj doao u Beograd? Ne, jo nije.
,
Da li znate kad ce doi? Da, on dolazi u Rubotu, ako vrijeme
dozvoli.
Gega zajednickog ima vrijeme s tim? To je jako prosto. On dolazi avionom.
Naravno. A u ovo doba godine vrijeme je obicno

loe.
,
Da, to je razumljivo. Da li ce on Ne, on dolazi preko Pariza. Javio je da
doi pravo iz Amerike. e se zadrzati nekoliko dana u Parizu.
Onda nije sigurno da e on doi i u Moe biti, u Parizu covjek obicno

subotu, ako ne mora. ostane due nego to misli.
Da, to se cesto dogaa. Ja sam jedanput ostao u Parizu, dvije

nedjelje, iako sam mislio da ostanem
samo tri dana.
Da, samo ako imate sredstava. Tacno je tako. Ostao sam dok imao
novaca.
440

~a ~ je sam npHjaTe~ ~omao y Beorpa~? He, jom HHje.
JJ.a JIH 3HaTe Ka~ he ~ohH? ~a, OH AO~3H Y cy60TY, aKO Epeve
.n03BO~.
~aKse ae3e HMa spaNe c THN? To je sP~O npocTO. OH ~o~a3H aBROHOM.
HapasHO. Ay oso A06a rOAHHe speMe je 06H~HO
p~aBo.
~a, TO je pa3YM~HsO. ~a ~H he OH He, OH AO~3H npeKO ITapH3a. JasHo je

~ohH npaso a3 AHep~Ke? Aa he ce 3aAPEaTH HeKO~KO ~aHa y
ITap~3Y.
OH~a Haje carypHo Aa he ~OhH H Y Mo~e 6HTH, Y ITapH3Y ~OBeK o6H~HO
cy60TY, aKO He Mopa. ocTaHe .ny~e Hero WTO MHC~H.
~a, TO ce ~eCTO Aemasa. Ja caM je.naHnYT ocTao y ITapH3Y ~Be
HeAe~e, HaKO caM MHC~HO .na oCT8HeN

caMo TpH lJ,aHa.
Pa, caMO aKO KMaTe cpeAcTasa. Ta~Ho je TaKO. OCTao caM .nOK caM HMBO
Hosau;a.
GD 19.5.2
Da li ete veceras biti kod kue? Ne, neemo.
Gdje idete? Idemo u Narodno kazalite.
U koliko sati pocinje kazalite? Kazalite poinje tacno u pola osam.
Jeste li veerali? Nismo.
Pa kad ete vecerati. Sada je ve Veeraemo posle kazalita.
sedam.
Gdje ete vecerati? Da nije kasno? Veeraemo kod Metropola.

l
Zar se moze vecerati tako kasno kod Da, moze tako rei u svako doba.
Metropola?
To je jako dobro. Da, mi smo ve nekoliko puta veerali

kod Metropola poslije kina ili
kazalita.
To je jako zgodno. Da, jest.
l
/tako rei/ IaImastI
441

~a ~ heTe Be~epac 6HTH KOA KYhe? He, HeheMo.
HAeKO y HapOAHO n030pHlliTe.
y KO~KO caTH nO~HHe n030pHIDTe?
JecTe Be~epaJ1l!?
na KaA heTe Be~epaTH. CaAa je BeqepaheMo noc~e n030pHIDTa.

Beh ceA8lof.
r~e heTe Be~epaTH? ~S Haje AOQKaH? BeqepSheMO KOA MeTpono.na.
3ap ce MOEe Be~epaTH TaKO AOQKaH KOA ~a, Mo~e TaKO pehH y csaKO Ao6a.
MeTpono.na?
To je BP~O Ao6po. ~a, MH CMO Beh HeKO~HKO nyTa Be~epa~H

KO~ MeTpono~a noc~e 6HocKona H~H
n030pHIDTS.
To je BP~O 3rOAHO. tJ,a, jecTe.
GD 19.5.3
Koliko ete ostati u Zagrebu? ostau jo sutra.
Zar neete ostati duze? Neu. Prekosutra moram biti u
Beogradu.
Mi smo mislili da ete ostati bar I ja sam elio ostati due, ali na
cetiri-pet dana. zalost ne mogu.
Da li ete dolaziti skoro opet? Ne znam tocno, ali kad doemo drugi
put, ostaemo bar tri-cetiri dana.
l
To je najmanje, ako elite upoznati Da, ja bih elio upoznati Zagreb.
grad i okolicu. Mnogo mi se dopadaju i grad i okolica.
Gdje ete danas ii? Neemo ii nigdje.
Ovde ima vrlo lijepih muzeja. Ja Ne, danas emo razgledavati sam grad.
sam mislio da ete razgledati Moja zena eli Vidjeti ulice, trgove
neki muzej. i parkove.
To je jako dobro. Za muzeje treba vie vremena nego to
mi imamo.
Da, to je tocno. Vrijeme je lijepo i bar emo vidjetl
kako izgleda grad.
l
/najmanje/ Ileast, the minimumI
442

KO~KO heTe ocTaTH Y 3arpe6y? OCTahy jom cyTpa.
3ap BeheTe OCTaTH ~y.e? Hehy. npeKOCYTpa KopaK 6HTH y Beorpa~y.
MH cKO MHC~~H ~a heTe OCTaTH 6ap H ja caM .e~eo Aa OCTaHew Ay.e. a~
1feT:Hp.H-neT ~aHa. Ha Q~OCT He Mory.
~a ~ heTe Ao~aHTH CKOpO oneT? He aBaK Ta~o. a~ RaA Ao~exo APyr.H nyT,
oCTaheKO 6ap TpH-1feTHpm Aaua.
To je BajKQHe. aKO ze~HTe Aa yno3HaTe ~a. ja 6HX ze~eo Aa yno3HaK 3arpe6.

rpaA lJ ORO.J1HUy. MBoro KH ce AonaAajy H rpaA H OKO.J1HHa.
HeheMO zhz BHrAe Hap01fHTo.
OaAe HMa sp~o ~enHX My3eja. Ja caM He. AQBaC heKo pa3r~eAaTH caM rpaA.
MHc~eo Aa heTe Hhz Aa pa3r~eAaTe Moja zeHa ze~ Aa SHAH y~Qe. Tprose
HeKB )(Y3e j H napKose.
To je sp~o Ao6po. 3a KY3eje Tpe6a SRme speMeBa Hero mTO

MH RMaMO.
~a. TO je Ta1fBO. Bpeue je ~eno R 6ap heMo sHAeTH KaKO

H3rJIeAa rpaA.

GD 19.6.1 Complete sentences 1-6 using the future of the verb given to the
right, in the person indicated either by the sentence or by the pronoun in
brackets. The pronoun is not to be used. Change sentences 7-10 to the future,
changing ~he aspect of the verb if appropriate.
l. u muzeju celo posle podne. ([ja] - ostati)

2. kui iz kancelarije do pola osam. ([mi] - vratiti se)
3. Jovan i Zora veeras kod kue. (biti)
4. Moj muz u kancelariji duze nego obiono. (zadrati se)
5. o tome na miru za vreme veere. ([mi] - razgovarati)
6. posle pozorita kod Metropola. ([oni} - veerati)
7. Jovii dolaze veeras kod nas.
8. Ja se vraam u subotu iz Zagreba.
9. Brzi voz iz Zagreba stize na vreme.
10. Ja razgovaram srpskohrvatski s mojim jugoslovenskim prijateljima.
GD 19.6.2 Make questions to which the above sentences are appropriate

answers.
443

UNIT 20
Seeing the Sights Znamenitosti grada 3HaMeHHTocTH ~pa~a
to put up, stay (for odsjesti, da "

o~cecTH,
" I
Aa oAceARew,
a short time) , I
odsjednem, OJ,1.ceo
odsjeo
What hotel are you in ('in

which hotel did you put
up? l)? odsjeli?
B
I
We1re in the Metropol. 6dsjeli smo u hotelu
Metropol. MeTpOnOJI.
A
, , ,
to find n~i, da nem, RahH, Aa Ra~eM, Hamao
naao
l I '
Have you found a place to Da li ste nali st~n?
,
~a JIH CTe HalliJIH CTaH?
I #
live?
only, for the first

time
to begin, start poc~ti, da "

no~eTH,
- Aa '--
nO~HeK
pocnem
same istI, -a, -o ,

HCTH, -a, -o
-
to be looking over razgled~vati, "
pa3rJIeAaTH, pa3rJIeAaU
razgledavam
# I I
No, we've just begun to Ne, tek smo poceli He, TeK CMO no~eJIH Aa
look for a place and we're I , I J. ... I I
looking over the city at traiti stan i u Tpa~HMo CTaH H y HcTO
the same tim~. I I J , _ _ I '
isto vrijeme apeKe pa3~JIeAaMO rpaAe
to show} (se) to pok~zati, da ,

nOKa3aTH, Aa
.,
nOKa~eK
--
prove to be
pokaem
444

sightseeing znamenitost f. "

3H&MeHHTOCT -
, I I Ko he BaM nOK;aaTU'
Who is going to show you Ko ce vam pokazati
the sights (of the city)? ~ # , .. #
znamenitosti gr~da? 3H&MeHHTOcTH ~pa~&?
B
,~
to be worth(y) vrijediti, BpeAeTH, BpeAR

vrijedI
l I
Our friends will show us Nai prijatelji e Hamu npujaTe~H he HaM
everything that is worth I
seeing. nam pok~zati sve nOKia&TU'CBe mT~ BP~~HI
...
to vrijedi vidjeti. BR~eTH.
A
,
besides (with G) "
sem ceM
or, osim OCHK
,
pertaining to council s~bornr, -a, -o ca60pHH, -a, -o
or cathedral
...
church cf.kva D;PKB&
I ~
the Belgrade citadel Beogradski gr~d EeO~pa,,CKH ~p&~
I j ,
or, Beogradska EeO~p&~CK& TBp~&Ba
tvrava
zoological ZOlokI, -a, -o

,
30JIODIKR, -a, -o
-
[zoolokI] [aOOJIOmRH ]
......
garden v~t or vrt pl. BpT, BpT
vrtovi BpTOBH
j l l
In addition to the Orthodox Osim S&borne c~kve i CeM Ca60pHe D;pKBe H
cathedral and Topchider I ... I
park, you must see the Tbpciderskog parka, Ton~HAepCKor napKa, Tpe6a
(Belgrade) citadel and
the zoo. treba vidjeti Aa B~~HTe Be~rpaACKH ~P~A'
I , I I ...
Beogradsku tvravu H 30JIOmKH BpT.
i zoloki vrt.
to be finding; (se) to
'"
HaJIa3HTH, "-
HaJIa3HM
be located
(a section of Belgrade) Kalemegdan/

Kalirnegdan
445

, I I
They are located on Oni se nalaze na OHa ce Ha~a3e Ha
Kalemegdan.
Kalemegd~nu.
favorite, beloved omiljen, -a, -o "

OMH.bea, -a, -o
promenade ~tal:rte
Belgrader (man) Beograanin pl. Beorpa~aBRH

Beograani Beorpa~aBH
I l ' "
That's a favorite place for To je omiljeno To je OMH.beHO meTa~HmTe
the people of Belgrade to , I, ,
go walking. etalIte Beograana. Beorpa~aHa.
B
, ,
unknown neznan, -a, o He3HaH, -a, -o
,
hero junak G jun~ka jYHaK, jYHaKa
,
pl. jun~ci jYBaQH
(name of a mountain Avala "

ABa~a
near Belgrade)
assembly skuptina "

cKynmTHHa
main, chief glavnI, -!, -5 rJlaBHH, -a, -o

J
You have already seen the Spomenik Neznanog CnoveHHK He3HaHor jYHaKa
Tomb of the Unknown
Soldier on Avala, the junkka na Avali, Ha ABa~~ H~POAHY
National Assembly, and I
N!rodnu Skuptinu CKynmTHHyllH rJI~BHY n~UITY~
the Main Post Office.
i Glavnu potu,
.
Bell cTe BRAeJIH.
,
ve ste vldjeli.
to lead voditi, vodIm
market place trznica (Cr) DHjaua

I ' , I C;Tpa lle Hac BOAHTH'Ha j~AHY
Tomorrow theyire going to Sutra ce nas voditi
take us to one of Bel- I
gradels market places.
I
na jednu od beo-
I
OA 6eorpaACKHX n~jaua.
gradskih trnIca.
busy zauzet, -a, -o

pertaining to goods robnI, -a, -l5 p06HH, -a, -o
I , , I "
department store robna kuca p06Ha Kyha
or, magazin pl. magazfni
~
MaraOHH, - ~
Mara3HHH
446

,
store; work, action r~dnja Gpl. pa,lJ;~
r~dnjI pa,lJ;JYI
self-service samoposluIvanje callonocJIY!'a
supermarket r~dnja sa samo- piAHa'aa callonocJIY!'OIl

posluIvanjem
I J ,_ J
If you're not busy, I can Ako nIste zauzeti, AKO aHCTe aayaeTH. ja Ball
show you a department J. ... t
store and supermarket the
j vam mogu
pokazati
I
vory nORaaaTH npeRocyTpa
day after tomorrow. I I ..., J
prekosutra jednu jeAHY po6ay Kyb.y H paA~
. , , I
robnu kucu i radnju
. aa caKOnOCJIYrOM.
, -
sa samoposluIvanjem.
B
to
pleasure zadov5ljstvo aaAOSO.IJCTSO
!. , - -
to be selling, to sell prodavati, npOAasaTH. npoAajeK
prodjem
is sold prodaje se nPO,lJ; aje ce

~
price cijena ueHa
,- #
We're not j we'll enjoy NIsmo, blee nam "
HHCIlO, 6Hhe Hall aaAOB~"CTBOI
seeing ('it will be a I I
I
pleasure for us to see') zadov51jstvo da Aa BHAHKO mTa ce TaKO
what they sell there and
what the prices are. vidimo ta se tamo npoAaje'H ROJIHRe CY/neSe?
,
prodje I i kol l ke su
cijene.
A
,
shop, store duan G duana AyhaH, Ayhasa
to supply opskf.biti, da
opskflb!m (Cr.)
supplied opskrbljen, -a CHa6A8aes. CHa6Aea~Ha,

, -o
goods roba po6a
, I ,,1 I I
You 'll see that the stores Vldjecete da su ducani BHAeheTe Aa cy P~AHe
are rather well supplied J I
with goods. pr~licno dobro npH~~Ho Ao6po cHa6AeseHe
I
opskrbljeni robom.
447

~ ~
to drop in, stop off svrititi, da cspaTHTH, ~a cspaTHK
svra:tIm
~ l
Come back to our place Svratite kod nhs
after dinner.
poslije veere. "
se"lepe. -
B
to look "
I' JIe~a -
TH, I' JIe" ~all
Thank you, welll see
~ I ~ ~ #
Hvala, gledacemo da XsaJIa, I'JIeAahellO ~a
about coming.
svratImo.
... ~-
cspaTHIIO.
if we should be ako budemo aKO "

6y~eMo -
too much suvie " -
cysH1lIe
or, previe "
npesHme
tired Um~ran, Um~rna, "

yMopaH, yMopHa, -o -
-o
telephone
\ I I I I I ,_
But, if welre too tired, Ali ako budemo previe AJIH, aKO 6y~eMo cysH1lIe
welll phone you (Ilet l
you know by phone l ) so Umorni, jhviemo vam tWOpHH, jasHheMo sali
that you donlt wait for I
us. telef5nom da nas ne TeJIe~~HOKI~a Hac He
" -
"IeKaTe.
Grammatical Notes
Note 20.1 Verb: Future; Special Forms
It is not necessary to list the future forms of most verbs, as they are
predictable. Elther the in~lnitlve ls used, or the su~~lxes are added to the
stem (infinitive form without /-ti/ (or /-i/). There is a regular change which
occurs in certain verbs, which makes it preferable to list them. For example,
from /euti/, /voleti/, /stanovati/, the future forms /Cuu/, /voleu/ and
/stanovau/ are predictable, but compare:
Infinitive Stem Future with Suffix
dopastj, se dopas- dopae se

rifsti ras- rifu
sestl ses- seu
448

These examples show the regular replacement of /s/ by // before // (compare

Notes 25.2, 26.1.2).
Note 20.2 Enclitics: Order of Enclitics - Summary
Da li ete se vratiti kui do sedam?
The short forms /u/ etc. fall into the same slot as /sam/, etc. The
enclitics introduced so ~ar, and their order, are:
l 2 3 4 5
li sam mi me se
si ti te je (is)
smo mu ga
ste Joj Je (f.)/Ju
su nam nas
vam vas
,
cu im ih
e
,
ce
,
cemo
ete
,
ce
As previously noted, /Je/ lisi does not normally occur after /se/: /vratio sei
or Ion se vratio/ the returned'. If both /se/ and /Je/ do occur, /se/ precedes
/je/: /vratio se jelo Except for /ju/ (rarely used), the forms in column 4 are
both accusative and genitive. Use of the genitive enclitics is common with some
verbs (/on ga se setio/).
Note 20.3 Verb: /hteti/
The verb /hteti/ Ito will, to want' has been mentioned in Notes 13.4 and
19.1. The present tense forms, both short and long, are used in forming the
future. /hteti/ is also used as a regular verb 'to want' wishl. It is usually
replaceable by /eleti/ in such cases:
hou da idem zelim da idem

on e hteti da ide on e zeleti da ide
hteo sam da idem zelio sam da idem
449

/hteti/ is stronger II want to gol. It is generally more polite to use /eleti/,

which is more like IlId like to go'.
The future of these two verbs is rare and usually used in connection with
/modal Iperhaps', Isigurno/ 'surely' or the like. They are not used in the
first person in the future.
Note 20.4 Clause Introducer: lto/

Prema onome to sam video, ne bih rekao da je vaa zemlija
siromana.
Ostau dok ne razgledam sve to me interesuje.
Serbo-Croatian always has a clause introducer for a subordinate clause,

that is, a subordinate clause with a verb form showing person and number. In
the above sentences the clauses beginning with /to/ are in apposition to the
preceding word in each case: taccording to that (which I saw)l, reverything
(which interests me)'.
This is seen even more clearly when a preposition is used. For example
/doao je pre nego to je otiao vozi 'he came before the train left'. Here the
whole clause is treated the same as a noun after the preposition. The preposi-
tion cannot be followed by a verb, but only by a nominalized verb clause.
The combination /dok nel corresponds to English tuntilt. The literal

translation of the example from the Basic Sentences is something like tI shall
stay as long as the situation is such that I donrt see all that interests mei.
However, /dokl is occasionally used without /ne/ in the sense of runtilt.
Note 20.5 /Beogradski gradi
Treba da vidite Beogradski grad.
The word /gr~d/ here means Icitadel, fortressl. It apparently originally

referred to a Iwalled area', hence a tfortress t which in turn became identified
with the tcityt.
/gr~d Beograd/ is tthe city of Belgradet.
450

Note 20.6 New Verbs
e I vr~deti vr~di to be worth

/vrijediti /vrijedi
---.---
a I gledati gledam to look
a P pogledati da pogledam
e p n~i da n~em naao, mila to find

i I nalaziti nalazIm
e p odsesti da odsednem odseo, ads ela to put up

a I odsedati odsedam
i p opski-biti da opskrbim to supply
e P poeti da ponem poeo, poela to begin

a/Je I poinjati poinjem
a/Je p pok~zati da pokaem to show

a/Je I pokazIvati pokazujem
a P prodati da prodam prodao, prodala to sell

a/J~ I prod~vati prodajem
(for /razgl~dati/, /razgled~vati/ see Note 19.3)
V P snabdeti da snabdem to supply

e /snabdjeti Ida snabdIm
a I snabd~vati snabdevam
/snabdijevati /snabdijevam
i P svr~titi da svr~tim to drop in

' ~
a I svraati svracam
i I voditi vodim to lead, take

e p odvesti da odvedem odveo, odvela to take away
i I odvoditi odvodim
~ ,
V P zauzeti da zauzmem zauzeo, zauzela to occupy
a I zauzimati zauzimam
451

Grammatical Drills
Nai prijatelji e nam pokazati sutra Sabornu crkvu.

l 2
l 2
on g-da Jovi Beogradski grad Glavna pota
Jovan Toma i Jovan Narodna skuptina Spomenik Neznanog junaka na
Avali
Zoloki vrt jedna beogradska pijaca
jedna robna kua
The following sentence is for the above drill:
Nai prijatelji e nas voditi u petak da vidimo Sabornu crkvu.
Substitution-Correlation Drill. Use the preposition Inal or lul when required.
DObiu stan na Topciderskom brdu.

l 2
l 2
(mi) ona Miloeva ulica Dedinjski bulevar
moj prijatelj on Dedinje Knez-Mihailova ulica
Smitovi oni Zorina ulica Avalski put
Stanova~ na Topciderskom brdu.

Svratiu u jednu kafanu na Topciderskom brdu.
Vecerau u jednom malom restoranu na Topciderskom brdu.
Onda ~ otii kod jednog srodnika koji stanuje na Topciderskom brdu.
Pogleda~ prvo jedan stan na Topciderskom brdu.
Trai~ stan ili kuu na Topciderskom brdu.
Znam da u teko nai stan na Topciderskom brdu.
Substitution-Correlation Drill with pronoun transform.
ProveemQ celo letovanje u Dalmaciji. Mi emo provesti celo letovanje u

Dalmaciji.
Jovan moj a ena i ki

Zora moji roditelji
452

Proveemo se lepo u Dalmaciji. (provesti)

Putovaemo za vreme praznika kroz celu zemlju. (putovati)
Izlaziemo svakog dana dok ne vidimo sve to vredi videti. (izlaziti)
Popie~ po kafu u ovoj maloj kafani. (popiti)
See~ pored prozora da bolje vidimo predele. (sesti)
Odsee~ y hotelu Metropol. (odsesti)
Ostaemo u hotelu dok ne naemo stan. (ostati)
Sedeemo u cekaonici dok nas ne puste u voz. (sedeti)
Proi emo kroz Ljubljanu i Zagreb na putu za Beograd. (proi)
Svratiemo usput u Ljubljanu i Zagreb. (svratiti)
Pitaemo portira da li je donet na prtljag. (pitati)
Sacekae~ vas na zeleznickoj stanici. (sacekati)
Seae~ se uvek puta kroz Dalmaciju i Crnu Goru. (seati se)
Present Tense drill with Future transform.
provoditi-provesti
Provodi~ mnogo vremena na putu. Proveu mnogo vremena na putu.
on ja njihovi prijatelji
moj otac moji roditelji mi
odlaziti-otii
Sutra odlazim odavde. Sutra u otii odavde.
davati-dati
Dajem rado svoja kola za izlet na Dau rado svoja kola za izlet na Fruku
Fruku goru. goru.
cekati-sacekati
Cekam Jovana i Zoru. Sacekau Jovana i Zoru.
dobijati-dobiti
Dobija~ mnogo u vremenu, ako putujem Dobi~ mnogo u vremenu, ako putujem
avionom. avionom.
453

praviti-napraviti
U nedelju pravi~ izlet na Avalu. U nedelju u napraviti izlet na Avalu.

v
elim da vidim spomenik Neznanog Zelim da vidim spomenik Neznanog
junaka. junaka.
interesovati
Jovana interesuju znamenitosti grada. Jovana e sigurno interesovati znameni-

tosti grada.
~ interesuju znamenitosti grada. ~ e sigurno interesovati znameni-
tosti grada.
Interesuju ~ znamenitosti grada. Sigurno e ~ interesovati znamenitosti
grada.
Zora ova deca

moji prijatelji ova gospoda
dopadati se-dopasti se
Jovanu se dopadaju Saborna crkva Jovanu e se sigurno dopasti Saborna

i Beogradski grad. crkva i Beogradski grad.
Njemu se dopadaju Saborna crkva i Njemu e se sigurno dopasti Saborna
Beogradski grad. crkva i Beogradski grad.
Dopadaju ~ se Saborna crkva i Dopae ~ se sigurno Saborna crkva i
Beogradski grad. Beogradski grad.
gospoica Smit moji prijatelji moja majka i ena

Smitovi ta gospoda
Give the future transform of each of the following sentences, as illustrated by

the first.
Brzi voz polazi u 5:00 sati. Brzi voz e poi u 5:00 sati.
Brzi voz polazi na vreme.
ao mi je, ali ekspres ne polazi na vreme.
Brzi voz dolazi u 6:15.
Pota ne dolazi pre 9:00 casova.
Ekspres dolazi na vreme.
Brzi voz iz Zagreba stie kroz pola sata. /stii/
Va prtljag stie sutra.
Vai kuferi dolaze drugim vozom.

Future Tense with Past Tense transform.
Jee~ danas u restoranu. Jeli smo danas u restoranu.
(ja) sestra i majka oni Zora

Jovan moji roditelji deca moja ki
Pie~ kafu u kafani. Pili s~ kafu u kafani.

Danas e~ doneti na prtljag sa Danas s~ doneli na prtljag sa
~eleznieke stanice. zeleznicke stanice.
Kazae~ Marku da ga ekate. Kazali s~ Marku da ga ekate.
Rei e~ Marku da ga ekate. Rekli s~ Marku da ga ekate.

Javie~ Tomi im Marko doe. Javili s~ Tomi eim je Marko doao.
Poi emo na izlet rano ujutru. Poli s~ na izlet rano ujutru.
Kupie~ karte za voz na ~elezniekoj Kupili s~ karte za voz na eleznikoj
stanici. stanici.
Zadocniemo za voz, ako ne uzmemo Zadocnili smo za voz, jer nismo uzeli
taksi. taksi.
Uzeemo karte za voz na ~eleznikoj Uzeli smo karte za voz na ~eleznikoj
stanici. stanici.
Pokazaemo vam sve to vredi videti Pokazali smo vam sve to vredi videti
u gradu. u gradu.
Zauzeemo vam sobu kod Metropola. Zauzeli s~ vam sobu kod Metropola.
Ii emo danas u jednu radnju sa Ili s~ danas u jednu radnju sa
samoposlugom. samoposlugom.
VOdie~ g. Smita u petak na jednu Vodili s~ g. Smita u petak na jednu
od beogradskih pijaca. od beogradskih pijaca.
Biemo zauzeti ceo dan. Bili smo zauzeti ceo dan.

Kad e vam vai prijatelji pokazati U petak.

znamenitosti grada? Oni e mi pokazati znamenitosti grada u
petak.
Ne znam. Jo nismo razgovarali o tome.
Zora g. Jovi g-a i g-ca Jovi ta gospoda
455

, ,
Ko ce dati kola za put u Ljubljanu? Ja cu dati.
,
Ja cu dati kola za taj put.
Ne znam.
,
Ne znam ko ce dati kola.
moj prijatelj Amerikanac Smitovl Jovan Zora
Ko e sacekati g. i g-u Jovi na eleznickoj stanici?

Ko e kazati Marku da ga cekam?
Ko e rei Marku da sam doao?
,
Ko ce javiti Tomi da je Marko doao?
,
Ko ce svratiti kod Tome da vidi kako mu je?
,
Ko ce mi pokazati znamenitosti grada?
,
Ko ce me voditi na Avalu da vidim spomenik Neznanog junaka?
Change the pronominal adjective in the answer according to the change of

sUbject in the question.
S kim ete ii na izlet u okolinu S mojim prijateljima Jugoslovenima.

Beograda? Ii u na izlet s mojim primateljima
Jugoslovenima.
vi (pl) Jovan vi i Dzon g-ca Smit ta gospoda ti ljudi
Da li ete dobiti kuu na Dedinju? Da, hou. IDa, dobiu.

,
Hoete li dobiti kuu na Dedinju? Ne, necu. INe, neu dobiti.
Vi ete dobiti kuu na Dedinju, Ne, na zalost neu dobiti tu kuu.
je l'te?
Zar ete dobiti kuu na Dedinju? Da, hou.

,
Da, izgleda da cu dobiti.
Jo nije sigurno, mozda neu.
Zar neete dobiti kuu na Dedinju? Na alost neu.

Izgleda da neu dobiti tu kuu.
Pre da neu nego da hou.

The following questions with short answers are for the same type of drill:
Kad e vas vai prijatelji voditi, Jednog dana ove nedelje.

na jednu od beogradskih pijaca?
Kad e vai prijatelji opet doi u Idueg leta.
Beograd?
Kad e vai prijatelji doneti njihov Danas posle podne.
prtljag sa zeleznicke stanice?
Kad e vai prijatelji proi kroz Ovog cetvrtka.
Beograd?
Kad e vai prijatelji poceti da Ve su poceli.
uce srpskohrvatski?
Gde ete dobiti stan? Na Dedinju.

DObiu stan na Dedinju.
Jo ne znam gde u dobiti stan.
va prijatelj Amerikanac vai srodnici oni

Smitovi Zora vi (pl.)
The following questions with short answers are for the same substitution drill:
Gde ete stanovati? U Miloevoj ulici broj 54.

Gde ete provesti praznike? U Dalmaciji.
Gde ete vecerati u subotu? Kod Metropola.
Gde ete odsesti? U Metropolu.
Koliko cete ostati u hotelu? Dok ne naem stan.
Gde ete danas rucati? Ruca6u u ekspres-restoranu.
Odakle ete javiti Tomi da ste Odavde.
doli?
Kako ete se javiti Tomi? Telefonom.
Od cege zavisi va dolazak. Od toga da li u imati vremena.
ijim kolima ete ii na izlet? Mojim kolima.

Ii emo mojim kolima na izlet.
Ne znam. Jo nismo o tome govorili.
on (mi) vi i vai prijatelji Jugosloveni

oni vi i Jovii vi i vai prijatelji Amerikanci
457

The substitutions for lVii:

vi (pl) Toma va prijatelj g. i g-a Jovi Smitovi
Da li ete doi na sastanak na vreme?

,
Da li cete moi svratiti kod nas veceras?
,
Da li ete naci stan na Dedinju?
Da li ete provesti praznike u Beogradu?
Da li ete cekati dok ne doe voz?
Da li ete gledati jugoslovenski film?
,
Da li cete praviti negde izlet u nedelju?
Da li ete izlaziti negde veceras?
Da li ete odsesti u hotel Metropolu?
Da li ete svriti posao na vreme?
Da li ete se zaliti zbog prljave sobe?
Hoe li brzi voz stii na vreme? Da, hoe.

,
Ne, nece.
Da, brzi voz e kao i uvek stii na
vreme.
,
Ne, brzi voz ce zadocniti najmanje pola
sata.
Jovan Zora g. i g-a Jovi
Da neete zadocniti za voz? Mislim da neu. Uzeu taksi.

Nee biti dobro ako zadocnim.
Moram danas da budem u Zagrebu.
Imam hitna posla.
va prijatelj g. Jovi ta gospoda Toma i Jovan
Hoete li da vidite jednu veliku Da, hou.

robnu kuu? Da, hou vrlo rado da vidim jednu robnu
kuu.
znamenitosti grada Saborna crkva spomenik Neznanog junaka

Glavna pota jedna radnja sa Narodna skuptina
samoposlugom
jedan nov magazin jedan dobro snabdeven duan
zoloki vrt Topciderski park jedna stara crkva

Substitute jeleti/ for /hteti/.
Odseu u hotelu Metropol. Gde ete odsesti? /U kom hotelu ete

odsesti?
Hvala, seu na krevet. Izvolte sedite na krevet ili na stolicu?
Jo nismo poeli da traimo stan. Da li ste poceli da traite stan?
Sutra emo poceti da traimo stan. Kad ete poceti da traite st~n?
Teko ete nai stan na Da li moemo nai stan na Topciderskom
Topciderskom brdu. brdu?
Jo nismo razgledali grad. Da li ste razgledali grad?
Razgledaemo grad ove nedelje. Kad ete razgledati grad?
Vredi videti Sabornu crkvu, Top- ta vredi videti ovde?
ciderski park, Beogradski grad,
zoloki vrt i drugo.
Nai jugoslovenski prijatelji e Ko e vam pokazati znamenitosti grada?
nam pokazati znamenitosti grada.
Beogradski grad i zolozki vrt nalaze Gde se nalaze Beogradski grad i zoloki
se na Kalemegdanu. vrt?
Kalemegdan je omiljeni park i ta je Kalemegdan?
etalite Beogradana.
Jo nismo ili na Avalu. Da li ste ili na Avalu?
Sutra emo ii na Avalu da vidimo Kad ete ii na Avalu?
spomenik Neznanog junaka.
Jo nismo bili ni na jednoj pijaci. Da li ste bili na nekoj pijaci?
Jovan e nas voditi u cetvrtak na Ko e vas voditi na pijacu? /Hoete li
jednu pijacu. ii sami na pijacu?
Izai u veceras kod Metropola. Hoete izlaziti negde veeras?
Jovan i ja emo ii zajedno. Da li ete ii sami?
Ne prolazimo kroz vau ulicu, ali Da li prolazite kroz moju ulicu?
prolazimo blizu nje.
Vrlo rado u svratiti po vas (Ifor Hoete li da svratiti po mene?
you I).
Prvo u otii po Jovana, onda u Hoete li prvo ii po Jovana?
doi po vas.
Mi emo lako nai vau kau. Da li ete moi nai moju kuu?
Mi emo poi od kue u pola devet. U koliko sati ete poi od vae kue?
459


GD 20.4.1 A B
to vrijedi vidjeti u Beogradu? Vrijedi vidjeti Beogradski grad. Tako

mi zovemo staru tvravu.
Gdje je tvrava? Ona je na Kalemegdanu.
to jo vrijedi vidjeti osim tvrave? Na Kalemegdanu se nalazi i stara

gradska crkva, koju Beograani mnogo
vole.
Kalemegdan mora biti jako veliki, zar I jest. To je na prvom njestu omiljeni
ne? park svih Beograana, i starih i mladih.
Djeca ele da ih vodimo u zoloki vrt. Jest, i zoloki vrt je na Kalemegdanu i

Je li vrt u istom dijelu grada? to u samoj tvravi.
Onda moramo ii na Kelemegdan jo Ako hoete, moja ena i ja vam moemo

ove nedjelje. pokazati Kalemegdan.
Vrlo rado. Bie nam milo. Kad ete imati vremena? Treba vam
najmanje cijelo poslije podne.
Sutra poslije podne, ako je vama Jest. Gdje emo se nai?

zgodno.
Moemo se nai u ambasadi u 2 sata. U redu. Do vienja do sutra.

Do vienja.
MT8 Bpe~H BHAeTH Y Eeorpa~y? BpeAH BHAeTH EeorpaAcKH rpaA. TaKo UH

30BeMO cTapy TBp~aBY.
OH je Ha KaAeuerAaRY.
mTa jom BpeAH BHAeTH ceM rpaAa? Ha KaAeMerAaHy ce HaAa3H K CTapa rpaACRa
:UPKB8. KOjy Eeorpa~aHH VRoro Bo~e.
Ka~eMerAaR Mopa 6HTH BP~O Be~KH. H jecTe. To je Ha npBOM MecTy OMH.beHH

je~Te? napR CBHX Beorp8~aHa. H CTapHX H VAaAKX.
lle:ua 3te~e Aa HX BOAHMO Y 30~OmKH BpT. JeCTe, H 30AomKK BpT je Ha KaAeverAaHy

Je ~ BpT Y KCTOM Ae~ rpaAa? K TO Y caMoj TBp~aBH.
ORAa MopaMo HhK Ha KaAeuerAaH jom AKO xoheTe, Moja EeHa H ja Bau vo_euo
OBe ReAe.be. nOKa3aTH KaAeverAaH.
Bp~o paAo. BHhe HaM UHAO. RaA heTe HMaTR BpeveHa? Tpe6a BaM
HajMaHe ueAO nOCAe nOAHe.
460

CyTpa noc~e nO~He, aKO je Baua JeCTe. r~e heuo ce RahH?

3I'O~HO.
Mozeuo ce HahH y aU6aca~H y 2 caTa.
/1.0 BH~eHa.
GD 20.4.2
Hoete (li) biti kod kue poslije Da, hoemo.

veere?
Mozemo li doi kod vas oko osam? Bie nam jako milo, ako doete.
Jeste (li) nali stan?
Jo nismo, ali trazimo i u isto Kad mislite da ete nai stan?
vrijeme razgledavamo grad.
Ne znam tocno. To je teko rei. Gdje elite stanovati?
Na Topciderskom brdu ili Dedinju, Tamo je teko nai stan.
ako naemo tamo stan.
Gdje ste bili juce? Bili smo na trnici.
Na kojoj ste bili? Na trnici 'Zeleni venac'.
To je lijepa i velika trznica. Da, dobro je opskrbljena i ureena. Mojoj
eni se jako dopala.
XOheTe (~) 6HTH KO~ KYhe noc~e /1.a, xohevo.

se~epe?
Mo.evo ~ ~OhH KO~ sac OKO ocaK? BHhe Hav SpAO KH~O, aKO ~o~eTe.
JeCTe (~) Ham~ CTaH?
Jom HHCVO, aAH TpaZHVO H y HcTO Ka~ MHCAHTe ~a heTe RahH CTaH?
speve pa3I'Ae~aVO I'paA.
He 3Hav Ta~HO. To je TemRO pehH.
Ha Ton~HAepcKov 6PAY HAH ~e~H~, Tavo je TelURO HahH CTaH.

aKO Ha~evo Tavo cTaH.
BH~ CKO Ha nHja~.
Ha KOjOj nHja~H CTe 6HAH. Ha nHja~H

,3eAeHH seHaQ.
.
To je Aena H seAHKa nHja~a. /1.a, ~06po je cHa6~eBeHa H ype~eHa.
Mojoj zeHH ce JaKO AOnaAa.
461

GD 20.4.3
U kom hotelu su odsjeli vai prijatelji? Odsjeli su u Metropolu.
Koliko e oni ostati u hotelu. Oni e ostati u hotelu vjerojatno jo~
tri nedjelje.
Zato tako dugo? Zar oni jo nisu Oni imaju stan, ali njihov stan nee
na~li stan? biti slobodan ranije.
Koji stan su dobili? Oni su dobili stan u kome stanuje g.
Smit sa obitelji.
Kad g. i g-a Smit odlaze odavde? Oni ostaju ovde jo tri nedjelje.
Da li se va~im prijateljima dopada kua Da, dopada im se. To je velika i lijepa
u kojoj stanuju Smitovi? kua.
Je li ta kua u samom gradu. Ta kua se nalazi na Dedinju.
To je sigurno lijepa kua. Pa jest.
y KOY xOTe~ cy OAce~H samH npHjaTe~H? OAce~ cy y MeTpono~.
KO~HKO he OHU OCTaTH y XOTe~? OHH he OCTaTH y xOTe~ seposaTHo jom

TpH HeAe.lle.
3amTO TaKO AY~O? 3ap OHH jom HHcy OHH HMajy CTaH, a~ HHXOB cTaH Hehe
Ham~ CTaH? 6HTH c~o6oAaH paHuje.
KojH cTaH CYAo6H~? OHH cy Ao6H~H CTaH H KOMe cTaHyje

~. CURT ca nopOAHUOM.
KalI. r. H ~-~a CUHT OA~3e OAasAe? OHH oCTajy OBAe 6ap jom TpH HeAe~e.
~a ~H ce samuu npHjaTe~HMa CSH~a Kyha ~a, CSH~a HM ce. To je se~Ka R

H KOjOj cTaHyjy CMHTOBH. ~ena Kyha.
Je JIH Ta Kyha y C8MOM ~paII.Y?
To je CH~YPHO ~ena Kyha. TIa jecTe.
GD 20.5 Homework - Domai zadatak.

GD 20.5.1 Write sentences 1-5 with the proper verb of those listed to the
right of each sentence or with both verbs where appropriate. In 6-10 fill the
blanks with the proper form of the item listed to the right of each sentence.
The pronouns are not to be used with the verbs.
,
l. Mi cemo u hotelu dok ne naemo stan. (odsesti, ostati)
,
2. Mi cemo na vreme. (doi, stii)
3. Hou Sabornu crkvu. (Videti, da vidim)
,
4. Brzi voz ce pola sata. (zadocniti, biti
dockan)
462

5. Moj prijatelj e sigurno (doi dockan,

------
zadocniti)
6. e sigurno interesovati Kalemegdan. (on)
7. On hoe red voznje. (uzeti)
8. ________ u Metropolu. (ja - odsesti)
9. ________ kroz Moravsku dolinu. (mi - proi)
10. elim na vreme. (stii)
------
GD 20.5.2 Make questions to which the above sentences are appropriate
answers.
463

UNIT 21
Weekend Vikend
letls go hajdemo xaj~;KO / aj~~KO

, I , I ~ I ' ,
I 'I '
Letls go to the coffeehouse. Hajdemo u kavanu. Xaj~eKo y Ra~HY. Xohy ~a
lid like to drink a I
glass of beer. Htio bih popiti nonHjeK ~amy nKsa.
cau pIva.
B
.....
I could mogao bih llorao 6HX
to eat up, finish pojesti, da nojecTH, ~a noje~eK,

eating
pojedem, pojeo najeo
crescent shaped roll kifla Gpl. kirIl
/roci (Cr)
roll emicka (Cr)
,.
pastry, cake kolac pl. kol~ci RO.JIa. II
to # l ~ I ~ #
All right, lim not thirsty, U r~du, j~ nIsam y pe~y, ja HHcau EeAaH,
but I could eat a roll I I I
or a cake. ~dan, ali bih a~ 6HX Morao ~a noje~el(
I ,,' ' _
je~HY RH~AY HAH KO~~.
I I
mogao uzeti jednu
emiCku1ili kolac.
A
...
weekend vikend SHReHA
Where are you going to Gdje ete provesti' r~e heTe npos~CTHls~KeH~~
spend the weekend?
vikend?
B
,
right, Btraight, prav, -a, -o "
opas, -a, -o
just
to intend, plan namjer.vati, HaMepasaTH,

namjeravam HaM6pasaM
464

To tell the truth lim tired, Pravo da vam k~zem, ITP~BO ~a Ba~ K:~ev, YMopaH
and lim thinking of I
staying at horne. Umoran sam i caM IH HaUepaBaM
" - - Aa
, l, I I, -
namjeravam ostati ocTaHeM KO~ Kyhe.
kod kue.
donlt nemojte
~ J _ .. _
best, the best n~jbolji, -a, -e Haj6o.ltH. -a. -e
I
If you are tired, (then) Ako ste Umorni onda Axo eTe YMOPHH' ~HAa
donlt go anywhere. ThatIs I , ,
t t
the best [thing to do]. nemojte nikud2 ici. HeuojT6 HH~Ae HhR.
.1 ~ _
,
To je najbolje.
"
To je Haj6o.lte.
to do, work ur~diti, da uradim

,
to answer odgovoriti, da OA~OBOPRTH, Aa
odgovorIm O~6BOPHIl
I .. #.. , "
Of course, thatIs that lIm Pa da, tako cu i ITa Aa, TaRO hy H ypaARTH.
going to do. Anyway, I
have to answer some ur~diti. Inace HHa~e ~MaM Aa OA~~BOPRIlI
letters. , , I t ~
moram odgovoriti Ha HeKOAHKO DHeaMa.
na nekoliko pIsama.
A
v , , I I #
What do you plan [to do]? Sto namjeravate? lliTa BH HauepaBaTe?
by all means, surely svakako eBaKaKO
outside (with G)
,
van
.
BaH
or, izvan "
RaBaK
, "
outside the city, van grada BaH l"pap;a
in the country
J. ,
H~l"P;el
t
Welll surely go somewhere M! emo svakako ii Ml! heMO esaKaKO KIlK
in the country.
,
negdje 'l zvan gr~da. saH l"pap;a. -
..
unwillingly nerado Hepap;o
to be staying, to stay ostajati, ostajem oCTajaTH, oCTajeAl
465

J.... I , ' I
I don't like staying at J! n~rado bstajem Ja HepaAO ocTa jeK ROA Ryhe
home on ('during') week- , ,
I I J.
end. kod kuce za vrijeme aa Bpaue BHKeHAa.
vikenda.
to be buying, to buy kupovati, kupujem
pertaining to writing pisai, -a, -e nim'ihH, -a, -e
pertaining to office kancelar1jskI, KaH~eARpHjcKH, -a, -O

-a, -o
material materijal
set, kit, outfit pribor npH60p

I
stationery pisai prIbori nHcahH MaTepHja~ I
I I
kancelarijski KaHneJIB.pHjcKH
pribor MaTepHja~
I I I '
,I , I
Where do you buy stationery? Gdje kupujete plsaci rAa KynyjeTe nHcahw
, - #
prIbor? uaTepHjaJI?
pencil olovka Gpl.

, -
OJIOBKa, OJIOBKH
olovkI lolovaka
" ,
envelope omot (Cr.) KOBepaT, KOBepTa
paper hartija xapTHja

~
or, papIr G. papIra nanHp , nam~pa
I I I l l l
I have to buy a couple of Trebam kupiti nekoliko Tpe6a Aa KynHu HeKOJIHKO
pencils and some envelopes ~ I I I ,,- -I I
and paper. olov~k~ i om~t~ i OJIOBKH H KOBepaT8 H
papIra. x~pTHje.
A
,
stationery store papirnica nanHpHH~
,
books tore knjiara KH:.H:lICB.pa
l' ,
I l I I
ITHcahH MaTepHjaJI ce npoAaje
Stationery is sold in
stationery stores and
bookstores.
Plsaci prIbor se
prbdaje u papIr-
.
y nanHpHHQaMa H
,
K~3apaMa.
I ,
nicama i knjiarama.
466

B
~ ~
to be writing, to pIsati, pIem nHcaTH, nHrneM
write
to write napIsati, da
~
HanHcaTH, Aa HanHmeM
, --
napIsem
I I ~
I I '
Although I donft like to Mada ne volim pisati, Ma~a Re BO~M ~a nBmeM,
write [letters], I have I I I
J. , I
to write a couple of moram ovog vikenda KOpaK OBO~ BHKeH~a ~a
them (Iletters') this , __ 11 ;_

weekend. napIsati nekoliko HanHmeM HeKO~KO nKcaNa.
pIsama.
How do you spend evening

I ,
Kako ovdje provodite
A
I I
,
KaKO
,
npOBO~HTe
, ,
Be~epH
here?
veeri? ~B~e?#
B
1. I I
We usually eat dinner as Ml obino veeramo
soon as I come home.
~'
~im ja J.' kuci.
doem "
to be reading, to read itati, itam
,
lIHTaTH,
,
~HTaw:
-
newspaper novine f. pl. ROBHHe
to be resting, relaxing odm~rati se, O,D;MapaTH ce

odmaram se OAMapaK ce
I ! I , , , I
Sometimes I read newspapers Ponekad cltam novine llOHeKa,D; ~HTa)( ROBHRe H
and relax until dinner I
i odmaram se dok
I
, I"
is ready. O~MapaM ce ~OK Be~epa
I I
veC era ne bude Re 6y~e ~OTOBa.
gotova.
A
!
city v~ro f. Ba pom
I
When do you come home from Kad d~lazlte iz gr!da ~~ ~~~3HTeIKYhHIH3
the city? .!. #
BapOUIH?
B
, ,-
to be getting up, ustajati, ustajem yCTajaTH, YCTajeK
to get up
467

I
, , ,
A while back I used to sam dolazio PaHHje caK Aa~3HO KYhH
come home later, because I ~ ~ I
I used to get up later. kuci kasnije, jer KacHHje, jep caK
sam ustajao kasnije.

YCTajao K~cHHje.
to get up ustati, da
,.
yCTaTH, Aa yCTaHeK
-
ustanem
,
to read proitati, da npO"lHTaTH, Aa
proitam np0"lHT&1l
, -
, ,
departure, leaving odlazak G. odlaska OA~3&K OA~CK&
pl odlasci
Now I have to get up early,
and read the Yugoslav ,
newspapers before leaving i proitati jugosla- H Aa npO"lHTaK jyro-
for the off J ce.
venske novine prije
I .
C~OBeHCKe
,
HOBHHe npe
~
I ~
OA~CK&
I Y KaHue~pHjy.
..
odlaska u ured.
Do you know Serbo-Croatian

I .. I I I
'... . J.'
Zar tako znate dobro Sap TaKO Ao6po 3HaTe
that well?
srpskohrvatski?
"- #
cpncKoxpBaTCKH?
B
~
Yes, I do. Da, zn~m. 3H&K.
A
, ,
Good for you. BJJB.ro BaMa:
Grammatical Notes
Note 21.1 Verb: Aspect

Note 21.1.1 Perfective and Imperfective Pairs
Hou da popijem au piva.

Mogao bih da pojedem jednu kiflu.
Nameravam se da ostanem kod kue.
Ja nerado ostajem kod kue za vreme vikenda.
Treba da kupim nekoliko olovki.
Gde kupujete pisai materijal?
Mada ne volim da piem, moram ovog vikenda da napiem nekoliko pisama.
Ponekad itam novine.
468

Sada moram da proitam jugoslovenske novine.

Gde ete provesti vikend?
Kako provodite veeeri ovde?
Mi obieno veeramo im ja doem kui.
Ranije sam dolazio kui kasnije.
These examples from the Basic Sentences illustrate the way in which
perfective and imperfective verbs pair. The verb s used are:
piti to (be) drink(ing) I popiti to (finish) drink(ing) P

jesti to (be) eat(ing) I pojesti to (finish) eat(ing) P
ostati to stay P ostajati to (be) staY(ing) I
kUpiti to (finish) buy(ing) P kupovati to (be) buy(ing) I
pIsati to (be) writ(ing) I napIsati to (finish) writ(ing) P
1tati to (be) read(ing) I proitati to (finish) read(ing) P
provesti to (finish) spend(ing) P provoditi to (be) spend(ing) I
d5i to (finish) com(ing) P dolaziti to (be) com(ing) I
What may be considered the Isimpler l verb form of each pair is on the left. The
forms on the right are augmented in some way. The augumented form
may have a prefix: ~iti compare: piti

may have added a suffix: osta~ti compare: ostati
may have changed a suffix: kupovati compare: kUpiti
These forms illustrate the most fundamental features of the correspondences

between perfective-imperfective pairs of verbs. These features are:
l. The simple, most basic, form of the verb may be either perfective or
imperfective. For example, !kUpiti! is perfective, !plsati! is im-
perfective. Most simple verbs having no prefix are imperfective.
2. A prefix added to a simple form makes it perfective: !pIsati! is
imperfective, jnapisati! is perfective, !1tati! is imperfective.
!procitati! is perfective.
3. Suffixes different from those of the corresponding perfective verb
may be added to make the verb imperfective:
kUp - i - ti kup - ov - a - ti
osta- -ti osta - j - a - ti
469

4. There may be differences in the form of the root itself between per-
fective and imperfective.
prO-yes-ti pro-vod-iti
pro-ved-em pro-vod-Im
Here the difference is primarily that of the vowel (/-e-/ in the perfective
/-0-/ in the imperfective). (The form in /-s-/ before /-ti/ is predictable.)
Another verb set is:
dolaziti
dolazIm
dolazio
In this case the correspondence between perfective and imperfective is completely

unpredictable (like present ~ and past ~ in English). This situation is
comparatively rare, but it occurs. (See below for other verbs from completely
different roots which form aspect pairs.)
It is easier to see the relationship between aspect pairs if verbs are

broken up into their component parts.
(Prefix) (Extension) Stem Ending

or ROOT or Formative or
(Prefixes) (Extensions) Suffix Endings
pi- -ti
po- pi- -ti
kup- -i- -ti
kup- -ov- -a- -ti
kup- -u- -je- -m
po- kaz- -iv- -a- -ti
This analysis will be useful for the following discussion.
As has been seen, nearly all verbs occur in pairs, one being imperfective,
the other perfective. In ordinary speech some verbs are used only in the im-
perfective form, the perfective counterpart not occurring. This restriction is
more a matter of meaning than of form. These verbs either refer to actions
470

which in themselves are of a durative nature or to states of being. In other

words, the meanings are in the nature of things imperfective. While it is possible
to consider a perfective aspect of one of these 'enduring' states, it is not
usual to do so. Examples of such imperfective verbs are:
govoriti to speak razUmeti to understand

hteti to want, will stanovati to dwell
imati to have vr~deti to be worth
k~tati to cost znati to know
misliti to think Iveti to live
moi to be able
rri6rati to be obliged to
There are only a few basic patterns into which nearly all the aspect
relations of verbs fall. The most frequent pattern is:
Simple Form (I)

Prefix plus Simple Form (p) (as perfective counterpart to simple form, where
such occurs)
Other prefixes plus Simple Form (p) Other prefixes plus Expanded Form (I)
E.g. pIsati (I) to be writing

napIsati (p) to write
potpIsati (p) to sign potpisIvati (I) to be signing
/napIsati/ is the normal perfective counterpart of /pIsati/: /pIem plsmo/ 'I'm

writing a letter', /napIsao sam plsmo/ 'I wrote a letter'. The prefix /pod-/
(here /pot-/ before the voiceless consonant /p/) adds the idea of 'under', 'to
write under' - 'to sign'. There are many other prefixes possible on the same
root. (A survey of verb prefixes is given in Note 39.1.) Each of these other
prefixe s plus the simple form is a perfective verb (as /potpisati/) and each of
these verbs has an expanded form as imperfective counterpart (as /potpisivati/).
A second pattern, common but less frequent is:
Simple Form (p) Expanded Form (I)

Prefix plus Simple Form (p) Prefix plus Expanded Form (I)
E.g. klizati (P) to say kazIvati (I) to be saying
poklizati (P) to show pokazIvati (I) to be showing
(Note also the considerable shift of meaning here.) The simple form and expanded
form without prefix form a perfective-imperfective pair. A variation on this
471

pattern is one in which the simple form does not occur:
voditi (I) to lead

provesti (p) to spend time provoditi (I) to be spending time
These two patterns may be summarized:
la I lb I 2a p I 2b I
p p I and p I p I
p I
lb is for those verbs which do not have a perfective counterpart to the simple
imperfective form. Not all verbs pattern so neatly, but the vast majority do.
A few variations may be mentioned. Occasionally what appears to be a perfective-
imperfective pair consists of two completely different verbs, as I /govoriti/
Ito speak l P /rei/ Ito sayl) p /uti/ Ito hear l 1/sluati/ rta listen tal. In
some cases one verb may serve as a member of more than one pair:
I ii to go
P otIi to go (perfective of /ii/)
to leave I odlaziti to be leaving
There are also verb groups which have no simple verb, such as /izvIniti/.
This verb with its related forms belongs to pattern l.
There are in addition to the more common imperfective forms some with more
specialized meaning. For example:
I videti to see I vIati to see (repeatedly, over

and over)
/vIati/ has iterative meaning, indicating something which occurs over and over.
In most cases the ordinary imperfective verb is used in reference to such action.
Another example of specialized meaning is:
to sit down sedati to be in the sedeti to be seated

act of
sitting down
/izvolte sesti/ is 'please sit down'. /sedite/ 'be seated' is also used.
The following list gives some of the verbs which have occurred so far,
according to the above patterns:
472

bi- P dobiti to receive I dobIjati to be receiving

bri- P brinuti se to worry
P zabrinuti se to come to worry
about
cek I ekati to wait
p sacekat:t to wait up to I sacekivati
the point of
arrival
cit- I .1tati to read
....
p proitati to read (through) ,
finish reading
drz- P zadrzati se to be detained I zadrz~vati se to be detained

gled- I gledati to look at
p pogledati to look at
p razgledati to look over I razgl~dati to be look-
/razgled~vati ing over
id- I ii to go
P d6i to come I d6laziti to be coming
:E- iz~i to go out I izlaziti to be going
/ izlci
u out
, ,
P naci to find I nalaziti to be finding
p otri to go
to leave I odlaziti to be leaving
p pr6i to pass by I prolaziti to be passing
by
p iii to enter I ulaziti to be entering
jed- I j?;sti to eat

p pojesti to eat up, finish eating
mol- I moliti to ask politely, beg, pray

P zamoliti to ask politely
mor- P odmoriti se to rest I odm~rati se to be resting
pad- P dopasti se to please I dopadati se to be pleasing
pi- l piti to drink

p popiti to drink up, finish drinking
473

pis- I pIsati to be writing

p napIsati to write
prav- I praviti to be making

p napraviti to make
pros- I prositi to beg, to propose (marriage)

p isprositi to beg, propose
put- I putovati to travel (This expanded form with

p /-ov-/ patterns as a
otputovati to set off travelling
simple one)
rad- I r~diti to work

p ur~diti to finish work(ing), to do
p sesti to sit down I sedati to be in act

of sitting
down
sed- P odsesti to put up I odsedati to be putting
/ods~dati up
slug- I slUiti to serve

P poslUiti to serve, do a posluIvati to be serving
service
sta- P ostati to stay I ostajati to be staying

p ustati to get up I ustajati to be getting,
up
vol- I voleti to like, prefer

p zavoleti to come to like, fall in love
p izvoleti to please I izvol~vati
zajm- P poz~jmiti to loan I pozajmljIvati to be loaning,
el- I eleti to wish, want

p poeleti to wish, want
en I eniti se to be getting married (of man)

P ozeniti se to get married
474

The following verbs also fit in pattern l, but are listed separately be-
cause of the special features involved:
I pItati to be asking
p
p
upItati 1 to ask
zapItati
I tr~iti to look for, demand, ask for

p potr~ziti } to demand, ask for
p zatraiti
I tr~bati to be necessary
P ustrebati
to happen to be necessary
P zatrebati
Pattern 2a
P dati to give I d~vati to be giving

P prodati to sell I prod~vati to be sellin~
p udati se to get mattied I ud~vati se to be getting

married
p k~zati to say I kazIvati to be saying

p pok~zati to show I pokazIvati to be showing,
p kUpiti to buy I kupovati to be buying
p pl~titi to pay I pl~ati to be paying
P prImiti to receive I prImati to be receiving
p r~iti to decide I re~vati to be deciding
p vr~titi se to return I vraati se to be returning

,
P svratiti to drop in I svraati to be dropping
in
Pattern 2b
men- P prom~niti to exchange I m~nJati to change
nos- I nositi to carry
475

p doneti I donositi to be bringing
prost- I pr~tati to be pardoning

p oprostiti to pardon I opr~tati
vod- I voditi to lead

p provesti to spend time I provoditi to be spending
time
Note 21.1.2 Verb: Perfective and Imperfective /biti/
Ako budemo suvie umorni, javiemo vam telefonom.
/budemo/ is an example of the perfective present of /biti/. There are two sets
of present forms for this verb, one imperfective and the other perfective. The
perfective forms are used in subordinate clauses, like the above, referring to a
future possibility (rif it should be that we be too tiredr). The forms are:
sam smo jesam jesmo nIsam nIsmo budem budemo

si ste jesi jeste nIsi nIste bude budete
je su jest, je jesu nije nIsu bude budu
Note 21.1.3 Aspect us age
While Note 21.1.1 was primarily directed toward the form, a great deal was
said or implied concerning the usage of the forms. Following is a summary
treatment of the usage.
Imperfective verbs refer to the action or state as in process. The action

may be one which takes very little time, as /sedati/ rta be in the act of sitting
downl. It may refer to a general situation, as /stanovati/ Ito dwell, livet.
It may refer to a state of mind, as /znati/ rta know l , /razUmeti/ 'to understand'.
The same verb may refer to action which is in process or which is repetitive:
/putuje u Zagreb/ Ihels travelling to Zagreb l ireferring to what he's now doing),
/putuje u Zagreb dvaput nedeljno/ Ihe travels to Zagreb twice a week l .
The perfective, on the other hand, refers to completion of action. It

may be a single act, as /sesti/ Ito sit down 1 It may be the beginning of the
action. That is, the action of starting is completed, as /otputovatl/ Ito set
476

off travelling'. Compare /zabrinuti sei 'to come to worry about'. More com-
monly the perfective refers to the completion of the action indicated by the
verb, as /pojestil 'to finish eating'.
In Note 19.1 the correspondence of the English simple verb with the
Serbo-Croatian perfective and the verb phrases in -ing with the imperfective
was pointed out:
ako prodam if I sell prodajem I'm selling

prodao sam I sold prodavao sam I was selling, I
used to sell
proda u 1'11 sell prodava u 1'11 be selling
This is more useful as a guide to the meaning of the forms than as a

guide as to any actual correspondence in usage between the two languages. There
is a very im~ortant exception to this general pattern:
I sell clothes Prodajem robu
In a general statement English normally uses the simple form of the verb, but
Serbo-Croatian normally uses the imperfective. There are, however, certain
usages in Serbo-Croatian where the perfective occurs in an independent clause.
As has been pointed out earlier, the perfective frequently occurs after
clause introducers such as /da/ Ithatl, lako/ lif', etc. The imperfective may
also occur but is less frequent. Some common clause introducers which have
occurred are:
Examples
Idal 'that' treba da doem I should come

elim da doem I want to come
/kad/ Iwhen l kad doem when I come
jakoj lif l ako doem if I come
lim/ 'as soon as' im doem as soon as I
come
/dok/ 'while' with I dok dolazim while I am
coming
lat the time that l dok doem when I come
with P
/dok nel luntil' with P dok ne doem until I come
477

Note 21.2 Verb: /lmati/
Imam da odgovorim na nekoliko pisama.
The above sentence may mean either II have some letters to answer? or (as
in English) II have to (that is, must) answer some lettersl.
Note 21.3 New Verbs

a I namer~vati nameravam to intend
/namjer~vati namjeravam
a I itati citam to read

a p proitati da proitam
e I jesti jedem jeo, jela to eat

e p pojesti da pojedem pojeo, pojela
i p kUpiti da kUpIm to buy

a/Je I kupovati kupujem
i P odgovoriti da odgovorIm to answer

a I odgov~rati odgovaram
i P odmoriti se da se odmorIm to rest

a I odm~rati se odmaram se
(For /ostatl - ostajati/ see Note 19.3)
a/J~ I pIsati pIem to write

a/J~ p napIsati da napIem
i I r~diti r~dfm to work, do

i P ur~diti da uradIm
V/n P ustati da ustanem to get up

a/Je I ustajati ustaj~m
478

Grammatical Drill
GD 21.1 Imperfective and Perfective Verbs - Learning Drill

GD 21.1.1 Substitution Drill
dolaziti - doi
Voz dolazi. /vlak Voz treba da doe u 6 sati.

~ dolazi u 6 sati. Kad voz doe onda idemo u hotel.
~im voz doe idemo kui da veeramo.
Ako voz doe na vreme neemo dugo
ekati.
~ekaemo dok voz ne doe.
autobus otac g. Jovi

avion majka nai srodnici /roaci
piti - popiti
'roma pije kafu. Toma zeli da popije jednu kafu.

l 2
Toma pije kafu uvee. Kad popijem kafu idem kui. /doma
l l
~im popijem kafu idem kui.
--r-
Dok ne popijem ~ neu ii kui.
l
l 2
aj au piva
pivo au vode
vino cau vina
au mleka
jesti - pojesti
Deca jedu supu. Toma i Jovan ele da pojedu po jednu

supu.
Deca jedu supu za veceru. Kad deca pojedu supu dajte im ~.
~im deca pojedu supu dajte im ~.
Dok deca ne pojedu supu nemojte im

davati meso.
479

Substitutions for Alternative Drill:
meso jaj e t egg t

kifla kolac
ii - otii
Toma ide u Ambasadu u 8 sati. Toma danas mora da ode u Ambasadu

ranije nego obicno.
Toma je iao u Ambasadu u 8 sati. Kad Toma ode na stanicu, vi idite kui.
eim Toma ode na stanicu, vi moete ii
u Ambasadu.
Dok Toma ne ode na stanicu, nemojte ii
u varo.
Toma je otiao u Ambasadu u 8 sati.
Toma e otii u Ambasadu do osam.
(ja) otac majka moja ena
GD 21.2 Transform Drill
This type of drill may be used in several stages.
l) Learning drill (repetition after instructor, books closed). The

instructor should ask for occasional translation to be sure the students under-
stand the difference in usage between the two forms. The first pair is trans-
lated to give the general idea.
2) The student gives the transform on hearing the original sentence (books
closed or right column covered).
3) The sentences are used as prompts for question and answer drill.
Examples of some possibilities are:
Jovan ceka roditelje na stanici. Jovan zeli da saceka roditelje na stanici.

Koga ceka Jovan? Koga Jovan zeli da saceka?
IDa li Jovan ceka roditelje? IDa li Jovan zeli da saceka roditelje?
GD 21.2.1 The following gives sentences using the imperfective present with
transforms using the verb leletil plus the perfective present of the original
verb.
480

Jovan ceka roditelje na stanici. Jovan eli da saceka roditelje na

stanici.
John is waiting for his parents John would like to wait for his
at the station. parents at the station.
Obino izlazim negde subotom uvece. elim da izaem negde u sUbotu uvece.
Toma svrava svoja posla brzo i Toma zeli da svri svoja posla brzo
dobro. i dobro.
Ja unosim sam svoje stvari u voz. Ja elim da unesem sam svoje stvari
u voz.
Oni se vraaju kui u pet. Oni zele da se vrate kui u pet.
Mi svraamo uvek u Zagreb iz Splita. Mi elimo da svratimo u Zagreb iz Splita.
Moji roditelji se odmaraju od puta. Moji roditelji ele da se odmore od
puta.
Zora pie pismo svojoj majci. Zora zeli da napie pismo svojoj majci.
Repeat the above drill using /treba/ for /elim/.
GD 21.2.2 Following the model given, replace the phrase with /treba/ (as
/treba da kupil) with the past of the other verb (as /je kupila/).
Zora treba da kupi koverte i h~rtiju. Zora je kupila koverte i hartiju.

Zora should buy envelopes and Zora bought envelopes and paper.
paper.
Treba danas da odgovorim na Jovanovo Odgovorio sam danas na Jovanovo pismo.
pismo.
Nosa treba da unese nae kufere u Nosac je uneo nae kufere u voz.
voz.
Mi treba da uemo u voz. Vreme je. Mi smo uli u voz im je bilo vreme.
Treba da uzmemo taksi do eleznicke Uzeli smo taksi do eleznicke stanice
stanice da ne bi zadocnili. da ne bi zadocnl1i.
Treba da saekamo Jovana na Saekali smo Jovana na eleznikoj
eleznikoj stanici. stanici.

Jovan treba da zauzme sobu u hotelu Jovan je zauzeo sobu u hotelu za nas.
za nas.
Oni treba da doU kod nas posle Oni su doli kod nas posle veere.
veere.
Deca treba da pojedu prvo meso, pa Deca su pojela prvo meso, pa onda
onda kolae. kolae.
481

GD 21.2.3 Perfective present to perfective past
Kad napiem pismo majci, onda idem Kad sam napisao,pismo majci, onda sam
u bioskop. otiao u bioskop.
When I finish writing the When I wrote the letter to my
letter to my mother, then mother, then I went to the
Ilm going to the movies. movies.
eim stignem u Sarajevo otii u kod eim sam stigao u Sarajevo otiao sam
Jovana. kod Jovana.
eim kupim koverte i hartiju odgovo- im sam kupio koverte i hartiju
riu prvo majci. odgovorio sam prvo majci.
Kad Jovan doe kui javiu vam Kad je Jovan doao kui javio sam vam
telefonom. telefonom.
Neemo ui u voz pre nego to nosac Nismo uli u voz pre nego to je nosac
unese nae kufere u voz. uneo nae kufere u voz.
Dok deca ne popiju mleko neu im Dok deca nisu popila mleko nisam im
dati kolace. dala kolace.
im puste, mi emo ui u voz. im su pustili, mi smo uli u voz.
im poe voz, ja u se vratiti kui eim je poao voz, ja sam se vratio
sa stanice. kui sa stanice.
Kad uzmemo taksi idemo kui. Kad smo uzeli taksi otili smo kui.
Kad se odmorim, ii u kod Jovana. Kad sam se odmorio, otiao sam kod
Jovana.
Ne mogu da odgovorim na pismo majci, Nisam mogao da odgovorim na pismo
dok ne kupim koverte i hartiju. majci, dok nisam kupio koverte i
hartiju.
Oni ne ele da idu u Jugoslaviju, Oni nisu otili u Jugoslaviju, dok nisu
dok ne nauce srpskohrvatski. naucili srpskohrvatski.
GD 21.2.4 Perfective past to perfective future
Toma je danas posle podne napisao Toma e danas posle podne napisaci
pismo roditeljima. pismo roditeljima.
Tom wrote a letter, to his Tom will write a letter to his
parents this afternoon. parents this afternoon.
Mi smo uzeli taksi od eleznicke Mi emo uzeti taksi od eleznicke

stanice do kue. stanice do kue.
Toma i Jovan su prvo svrili posla, Toma i Jovan e prvo svriti posla, pa
pa tek onda otili u varo. tek onda otii u varo.
482

Mi smo doli na stanicu taksijem i Mi emo doi na stanicu taksijem i

,
nismo zadocnili. necemo zadocniti.
Nosa je uneo nae stvari u voz. Nosa e uneti nae stvari u voz.
Toma je uao u voz i zauzeo mesta, Toma e ui u voz i zauzeti mesta, dok
dok sam ja kupovao red vonje. ja kupim red vonje.
Brzi voz je poao pet minuta kasnije. Brzi voz e poi pet minuta kasnije.
Mi smo zauzeli sobu za vas, im ste Mi emo zauzeti sobu za vas, im javite
javili da dolazite. da dolazite.
Oni su stigli na vreme u Skoplje. Oni e stii na vreme u Skoplje.
Jovan je naao stan pre nego to Jovan e nai stan pre nego to njego-
je njegova porodica dola. va porodica doe.
GD 21.3 Question Transfarm Drill
l) The student is to give the answer to the question (on the left).
2) The student is to give the transfarm (on the right) on hearing the
original question, and the next student is to answer this transfarm.
GD 21.3.1 Imperfective present to Perfective present with /treba/.
Kad Toma (obino) dolazi kui? Kad Toma treba da doe kui?
When does Tom usually come home? When is Tom supposed to come home.
Kad idete na eleznicku stanicu po Kad treba da odete na elezniku
va prtljag? stanicu po va prtljag?

Kad ustaje va otac? Kad treba da ustane va otac?
Kad obicno izlazite uvece? Kad treba da izaete veeras?
U koliko sati deca piju mleko? U koliko sati deca treba da popiju
mleko?
Kad stie brzi voz iz Zagreba? Kad treba da stigne brzi voz iz
Zagreba?
Kad polazi brzi voz za Zagreb? Kad treba da poe brzi voz za Zagreb?
U koliko sati poinje pozorite? U koliko sati treba da poene
pozorite?
GD 21.3.2 Imperfective Past to Perfective Past
Kad su deca leti ulazila u kuu? Kad su deca ula u kuu?

When did the children use to When did the children go in the
go in the house during the summer? house?
483

Da li je va prijatelj uio srpsko- Da li je va prijatelj nauio srpsko-

hrvatski pre odlaska u Jugoslaviju? hrvatski pre odlaska u Jugoslaviju?
U kom hotelu ste obino odsedali? U kom hotelu ste odseli?
Da li ste uvek ustajali rano? Da li ste jutros ustali rano?
Zar ste vi uvek dolazili kui posle Zar ste vi doli kui posle lO?
lO?
Kad ste se obino vraali kui? Kad ste se vratili kui?
Da li ste vi uvek zadoenjavali za voz? Da li ste zadoenili za voz?
Da li je Toma pisao pismo roditeljima Da li je Toma napisao pismo roditeljima?
svake nedelje?
GD 21.3.3 Imperfective Present to Perfective Future
~ad (obino) ustajete nedeljom Kad ete ustati u nedelju?

i praznikom?
When do you usually get up on When will you get up on Sunday?
Sundays and holidays?
Da li uvek ostajete kod kue za Da li ete ostati kod kue za vreme

vreme praznika? praznika?
U koliko sati poinje bioskop? U koliko sati e poceti bioskop?
Kad se otvara radnja sa samoposlu- Kad e se otvoriti radnja sa samopo-
gom? slugom?
Da li se robna kua zatvara pre Da li e se robna kua zatvoriti pre 7?
sedam?
Da li polazi meUnarodni brzi voz Da li e meUnarodni brzi voz poi
na vreme? na vreme?
Da li brzi vozovi ovde zadoenjavaju? Da li e brzi voz zadoeniti?
Da li izlazite negde uvee? Hoete izai negde veceras?
Da li svraate negde uvee pre nego Hoete svratiti negde veeras pre nego
to odete kui? to odete kui?
Kad stiemo u Zagreb? Kad emo stii u Zagreb?
484

GD 21.4 Model Transform with Substitution Correlation Drill
Following is a model showing the transforms to be made for each of the

sentences below. The perfective present sentence is given for each, as it
varies. Otherwise the sentences are to be transformed according to the model.
The order of drill is indicated by the answers with numbers.
, I v
Ja obieno provodim vikende van grada. ~ Zelim da provedem vikend van grada.
Ji
Ja sam provodio vikende van grada. __tl_~> Ja sam proveo vikend van grada.
~t
Ja u provoditi vikende van grada. 5 > Ja u provesti vikend van grada.
The subjects of these sentences, beginning with the model, may be drilled
in the following order: /ja on ona mi oni/o To this may be added subjects
such as /Zora/, /Toma/, /moji prijatelji/, etc.
An alternate method of drill is to use the sUbject /ja/ in the first

sentence only, then /on/, etc. following a fixed order of subjects throughout,
so that each sentence has a different subject. Note that the verbs before /da/
(/elim/, /mora/, /treba/) are to be omitted in the past and future transforms.
ostajati - ostati
On uvek ostaje kod kue za vreme On mora da ostane kod kue ovog vikenda.
vikenda.
odlaziti - otii
Ona odlazi u kancelariju u pola devet. Ona treba da ode danas u kancelariju
u pola devet.
dolaziti - doi
Mi dolazimo kui u pola sedam. Danas moramo da dOe~ kui u pola

sedam.
citati - procitati
Oni citaju novine pre odlaska Oni treba da procitaju novine pre
od kue. odlaska od kue.
485

ustajati - ustati
Zora ustaje rano svakog jutra. Zora mora jutros da ustane rano.
kupovati - kupiti
~ kupuje uvek kartu na eleznikoj Toma treba da kupi kartu na elez-

stanici. nikoj stanici.
uiti - nauiti
Moji prijatelji uce srpskohrvatski Moji prijatelji treba da nauce

pre odlaska u Jugoslaviju. srpskohrvatski pre odlaska u
Jugoslaviju.
odsedati - odsesti
Ja odsedam uvek u Metropolu. elim da odsednem u Metropolu.
izlaziti - izai
On izlazi subotom u kafanu. On treba da izae u subotu u kafanu.
zadocnjavati - zadocniti
Ona nikad ne zadocnjava. Ona ne eli da zadocnio
svravati - svriti
Mi svravamo posla uvek na vreme. Moramo da svrimo ovo danas.
uzimati - uzeti
Oni uvek uzimaju karte u gradu. Oni treba da uzmu karte na eleznikoj
Tako im je najzgodnije. stanici. Dockan je da idu u grad.
voditi - odvesti
~ vodi nedeljom posle podne decu Zora treba da odvede decu danas posle
u bioskop ili pozorite. podne u bioskop.
GD 21.5 Question and Answer Drill with Prompt on the Basic Sentences
Hou da popijem au mleka. ta hoete da pijete?

/Hoete (li) neto da popijete?
Mogao bih da pojedem jednu kiflu ili Jeste gladni? Hoete neto da pojedete?
kolac.
486

Moji prijatelji e provesti vikend Gde e vai prijatelji provesti vikend?

na putu.
Umoran sam i nameravam da ostanem Hoete (li) vi ii negde za vreme
kod kue. vikenda?
Neemo ii nigde dok se ne odmorimo. Zato neete ii nigde?
Ja nerado ostajem kod kue za vreme Da li vi ostajete neki put kod kue
vikenda. za vreme vikenda?
Imam da odgovorim veeras na neko- ~ta ete raditi veceras? Da li ste
liko pisama. zauzeti?
Pisai materijal se prodaje u pa- Gde se prodaje pisai materijal?
pirnicama i knjiarama.
Nema nijedna papirnica blizu. Da li ima blizu neka papirniea?
Ja kupujem pisai materijal u jednoj Gde vi kupujete pisai materijal?
papirnici u Knez-Mihai1ovoj ulici.
Treba mi nekoliko olovki ikoverata ta vam treba?
i hartije.
Ja ne volim da piem pisma. Pi~em Da li vi volite da piete pisma?
samo kad moram.
Nemam kad (Ivremena) da piem pisma. Za~to ne volite da piete pisma?
Jue sam napisao nekoliko pisama. ta ste radili jue?
Morao sam da odgovorim nekim Zato ste pisali pisma kad to ne
prijateljima. volite?
Ja se uvee odmaram i itam novine. Kako provodite veeri? Ita radite
uvece?
Mi obino veeramo im ja dOem Kad veerate?
kui.
Ja moram da ustanem rano. Kad ustajete?
Moram da proitam jugoslovenske Za~to morate da ustanete rano?
novine pre odlaska u kancelariju.

GD 21.6.1 A B
Gdje ste proveli vikend~ Jovane? Proveo sam vikend kod kue.
Zar niste ili negdje izvan grada? Nisam iao nigdje. Ostao sam kod kue.
Kako to~ da ste ostali kod kue? Pravo da vam kaem~ bio sam umoran.
Zar se vi moete odmoriti kod kue? Za~to da ne. Nisam ni~ta radio i lijepo
sam se odmorio.
Pa morali ste neto raditi. Napisao sam samo nekoliko pisama. To
je sve.
487

U tome i jest stvar. Ja se ne Ne, ne volim. Ko voli pisati pisma'

odmaram kad piem pisma.
Volite li vi pisati pisma?
Zato ste onda pisali pisma kad ste Pisao sam jer sam morao.
bili umorni?
Kome ste pisali pisma? Napisao sam jedno pismo majci.
Njoj piem jedno pismo nedjeljno.
To je druga stvar. To razumijem. Odgovorio sam jednom prijatelju, koji
Kome ste jo pisali? dolazi u Beograd na mjesto gospodina
Smita.
ta je htio va prijatelj? Traio je neka obavjetenja i morao sam
mu odgovoriti.
~e cTe DpOSeJIH SHReHA, JosaBe? ITposeo caM SHReHA ROA Ryhe.

3ap BHcTe HmJIH HerAe saB rpaAa? HHcaM HWao HHrAe. OCTao caM ROA Ryhe.
KaRO TO, Aa OCTaHeTe ROA Ryhe?! ITpaso Aa saM Ra~eM, 6HO caK yKopaH.
3ap S~ MozeTe Aa ce OAMopHTe 3amTO Aa He. HHcaM HHIDTa paAHO H
ROA Ryhe? ~eDO caM ce OAMOpHO.
ITa MopaJn! cTe HeIDTO paAHTH? HanHcao caK HeRO~~RO nHcaMa. To je cse.
Y TOMe H jecTe CTsap. Ja ce He He, He SO~HM. Ko SO~~ Aa DHme n~cMar
OAMapaM RaA DHmeM DHcva.

BOJIHTe Jn! SH Aa DHmeTe D~cMa?
3amTO CTe OHAa DHca~H DHcMa RaA cTe ITHcao caM aaTO IDTO caM Kopao.
6~JIH YMOpBH?
Kove CTe DHCaJIH DHCKa? HaDHcao caM jeAHo nHcMO Maj~.
Hoj DHweM jeAHo D~CMO BeAe~o.
To je APyra CTBap. To paayveM. OArOBopHO caM jeAHoK DpHjaTe~y, ROjH

KOMe CTe jom DHCaJIH? Ao~aH y BeorpaA Ha ueCTO rocDOAHHa
CMHTa.
liTa je XTeo sam DpHjaTe~? TpaZHO je HeKa 06asemTe~a H Kopao caK
Aa My OArOBopHM.
GD 21.6.2
Kad ste doli u Zagreb? Doao sam prekjuce.

Gdje ste odsjeli? Odsjeo sam u hotelu Palas.
Kad se vraate u Beograd? Vraam se prekosutra.
488

,
Zar neete ostati ovdje za vrijeme Ne, necu.
vikenda?
To je do cetvrtka. Ako ostanete i II Zagreb mi se mnogo dopada. Ali, moram
petak, onda moete provesti vikend se vratiti kui prije vikenda.
s nama.
Zar vam se ne dopada Zagreb?
~to vam se dopalo u Zagrebu? Dopao mi se cijeli grad. Nisam znao
da je Zagreb tako lijep.
Koje znamenitosti grada niste vidjeli? Nisam vidio stari dio grada.
Ako elite mi vam moemo pokazati Naravno. Vi sigurno dobro poznajete
taj dio grada. Zagreb.
Vrlo dobro. Gdje emo se nai? Mogu. Do vienja.
Moete li doi kod nas u 2 sata?

Do vienja.
Kap; CTe p;omJIH y 3aflpe6? ~omao caM npeKjyqe.
rp;e CTe op;ceJIH? Op;ceo caM y XOTe~ na~c.
Rap; ce BpahaT8 y Beoflpa,lJ;? BpahaM ce npeKocyTpa.
3ap HeheTe ocTaTH OB,lJ;e aa BpeMe He, Hel1y.

BRReHp;a?
To je ,lJ;O qeTBpTRa. ARo OCT8HeTe H y 3aflpe6 MIor ce lIRoro cBH~a. AJIH, MopaM
neTaR, OH,lJ;a Mo~eTe npoBecTH BHKeHp; Aa ce BpaTHM KyhH npe BHKeHAa.
c HaMa.
3ap BaM ce He cBH~a 3aflpe6?
lliT8 BaM ce CBHAe~o y 3aflpe6y? CBHAeo MH ce ueo f1paA. HHcaM aHao ,lJ;a je
3aflpe6 TaKO ~en.
Koje aH8MeHHTOCTH f1paAa BHcTe BHAeJIH. HHcaM BHAeo cTapH Aeo f1paAa.
AKO Ee~HTe MH BaM Mo~eMO nOKaaaTH HapaBHo. BH CHflypHO ,lJ;o6po noaHajeTe

Taj Aeo f1paAa. 3afl pe CS
Bp~o AOCSPO. rAe heMo ce HahH? MoI'y. lJ,o BH~elia.
Mo~eTe ~ ,lJ;a Ao~eTe KOP; Hac y 2 caTa?
}lo BH~eHa.
GD 21.6.3
Gdje ste bili, Tomo? Svratio sam u knjiaru.

Zato ste svratili u knjiaru? Htio sam kupiti omote i papir.
Pa jeste li kupili omote i papir. Jesam, ali nisam naao ono to sam
traio.
489

U kojoj knjiari ste bili? Bio sam u onoj knjiari preko puta
hotel Mazestika. Ne znam kako se
zove.
Ako hoete ja vam mogu pokazati jednu Vrlo rado. Ovi omoti, koje sam kupio
papirnicu, koja je dobro opskrbljena nisu ni za ta. l
pisaim priborom.
Ako hoete, moemo otii odmah u tu Hajdemo. Inace, veceras moram napisati
papirnicu. nekoliko pisama.
r~e cTe 6H~, TOMO? CspaTHO caK y KHMEapy.
3amTOCTe cBpaha~ y KHMzapy? XTeo caK ~a KynHM KOBepTe H xapTHjy.
na jecTe ~ KynH~H KOBepTe H xapTHjy? JecaM, a~ HHcaM Hamao OHO mTO caM
TpaEHO.
Y KOjOj KB:.HzapH CTe 6HJIH? EHO caK y OHoj K~zaPH opeKO nyTa
xOTe~ MaEecTHKa. He 3HaM KaKO ce 30Be.
XoheTe JIH ~a BaK nOKa~eK je~HY Bp~o paAo. OBH KOBepTH, Koje caM KynHo
nanHpHHUY, Koja je ~o6po cHa6~eBeHa HHCy HH 3a mTa.
nHcahHM MaTepHja~OK.
AKO xoheTe, MOEeMO OTKhH oAMax Y Ty XajAeuo. HHa~e, Be~epac Tpe6a Aa

nanHpHH~. HanHmeM HeKOJIHKO nHcaMa.

GD 21.7.1 Change the underlined verb forms in the following sentences to l)
the present tense (using the imperfective) and 2) a phrase with /treba/ plus
the perfective.
Odseo sam u hotelu Metropol.

Voz je prolazio kroz Moravsku dolinu.
Stigao sam na zeleznicku stanicu pre nego to je poao voz.
Seo sam na stolicu do Zore.
Proveli smo vidend kod kue, jer smo bili umorni.
Nosac je doneo prtljag sa stanice.
l
Ini za ta/ - /nizata/ laren r t [good] for anything'
490

Pojeli smo kolae, ali nismo pojeli kifle.

Uzeli su karte za voz u varoi.
Procitao sam jugoslovenske novine pre nego to sam otiao u kancelariju.
GD 21.7.2 Change the above sentences to the future.
491

UNIT 22
Reading Selection - ~tivo za itanje
Letters from John - The Trip to Belgrade
Jovanova Pisma - Put u Beograd
.ilpaI"H npHjaTe,.l)y,
MHoro cseTa npeJIB.3H jyrOCJIOSeHCKo-aYCTploJjCKY rpaHIoJUY KOpeHCKIoJM npeJIB.30M.

Taj npeJIB.3 je A06po se3aH ca ayTonYTeM. Ty ce spmH nperJIeA nacoma, Kao lOJ
uapHHcKH nperJIeA. OA rpaHHD;e AO Beorpa,na HMa OKO 630 KM., H SO>KH:a Tpaje OT-
npHJIHKe AeceT CaTIoJ ca OAMopHMa
.ilo KpaHa npeAe~ cy aJInCKH, CJIH~HIoJ OHHM Y AYCTploJjH H llisaj~pcKoj. AJIH
o,naT.lIe npe.neo ce MeHa. O,nMax H3a KpaHa nOCTeneHO ce oTsapa ~y6~HcKa KOTJIHHa,
~Hja spaTa 3aTsapa ~y6~Ha. Oso ~HHIoJ nOJIo~j ~y6~He sa~HHM. Gse ,no 3arpe6a
nope,n ayTonYTa sH,ne ce JIena, 3CHsonHCHa ceJIa H nyT je 3aHHM,.I)loJs. O,n 3arpe6a
ayTonyT npOJIa3H Kp03 ,nOJIHHY Gase CKOpO npaso, H36eraBajyhH HaCe,.l)eHa MeCTa.
AyTonYTeM ca06pahajy caMO MOTopHa S03HJIB., Te ce S0310J 6P30 H 6e3 TeWKoha.

Ha je,nHoj 6eH3HHcKoj nyMnloJ HanYHHJIH CMO pe3epsoap 6eH3HHOM. Ha nyTy ce os,ne-
OH,ne SH,ne pa,nHHUIoJ KaKO onpas~jy nOKsapeHa S03HJIa. BIoJ,neJIH CMO H je,naH HecpehaH
CJIy~aj, cy,nap ,nsajy KOJIB.. To je 6HO je,nHHH 3SCToj H CKpeTaae C nyTa. CpehOM,
HaMa HHje 6HJIa nOTpe6Ha HHKaKsa nOMOh H CTHrJI~ CMO y Beorpa,n 6e3 IoJRaKSHX
He3ro,na HJIH Rsapa.
Esc H Bame cp,na~HO n03,npaBha
Bam npHjaTe,.l),
IJOH
Dragi prijatelju,
Mnogo svijeta prelazi jugoslavensko-austrijsku granicu Gorenskim

prijelazom. Taj prijelaz se dobro spaja sa autoputom. Tu se vri prijegled
pasoa, kao i carinski prijegle~ Od grancie do Beograda ima oko 630 km., i
voznja traje otprilike deset sati s odmorima.
492

Do Kranja predjeli su alpski, slieni onima u Austriji i vicarskoj. Ali

odatle predjel se mijenja. Odmah iza Kranja postepeno se otvara Ljubljanska
kotlina, cija vrata zatvara Ljubljana. Ovo cini vanim poloaj Ljubljane. Sve
do Zagreba pokraj autoputa vide se lijepa, slikovita sela i put je zanimljiv.
Od Zagreba autoput prolazi kroz dolinu Save skoro pravo, zaobilazei naseljena
mjesta.
Autoputem saobraaju samo motorna vozila, pa se vozi brzo i bez

potekoa. Na jednoj benzinskoj pumpi napunili smo rezervoar benzinom. Na
putu se ovdje ondje vide radnici kako popravljaju oteena vozila. Vidjeli smo
i jedan nesretan slucaj, sudar dvaju automobila. To je bio jedini zastoj i
skretanje s puta. Sreom, nama nije bila potrebna nikakva pomo i stigli smo
u Beograd bez ikakvih nezgoda ili kvara.
Vas i Vae srdacno pozdravlja.

Va prijatelj
Don

.. ,
world, people svijet D svijetu cBeT cBeTY
[pl. svjetovi] CB~TOBH
to be crossing, to prelaziti,
cross prelazim
Yugoslav-Austrian Jugoslavensko- jyroc.noBeHCKO-

austrijski, -a, ;YCTp~jCK~, -i, -5
-o
,
border, frontier, limit granica rpaHl1IIa
493

crossing, pass prijelaz npeJI8.3

,
Korenski Pass Gbrenski prijelaz KJpeHcKH npiJI8.3
l J. j
A lot of people cross the Mnogo svijeta prelazi MHoro CBeTa npe~3B
Yugoslav-Austrian border
by the Korenski pass. jugoslavensko- jyrocJloseaCKO-
I , I l "
austrijsku granicu aYCTpHjCRY rpaHHUY
f , I ,
Gorenskim prijelazom. RopeHCKHM npeJla30M.
to tie, to connp.ct v~zati, da ,

Be3aTH, ~a
~
BezeK -
v~em
to connect, link~ cna' j aTU, ena~j-

aM
(with Ise/) be
connected
This pass is well connected L

Taj '
se prijelaz l dobro
I
with the autoput. .. I ; ca aYTonyTeM.

,
spaj! s autoputom.
to perform, to do, V~~iti, vf'~!m

to execute
survey, examination, prijegled nperJIe~

,
inspection
~
passport p~so~ nacom
pertaining to customs carinski, -a, -o

,
uapHHCKH, -i,
- -~
There passports are examined, Tu se v~i prijegled Tyl ce BpmH

l J
nperJIeA , - -
nacoma,
and there is customs I l ,
inspection. p~s~a, kao i Kao H uapHHcKH nperJIe~.
J ,
carinski prijegled.
,
kilometre kilometar KHJIOMeTap
O.n r p~HHue ~o
I ,
There are about 630 km. Od granice do Beo- Eeorpa.na'
(from the border to l. I 4 j J.
Belgrade). grada lma oko 630 HMa OKO 630 KM. (meeT
km (~ststo
CTOTHHa .L
TpH~eceT '
KHJIO-
trideset kilomet~ra). MeTspi)
to last trajati, traje

,
rest, vacation dmor O,ll.MOP
And the trip takes about A v5nj a traj e H at3Ha TpJje oTnpiJIHKe
ten hours with stops. I .L '
'
otprIlike deset ,neceT caTH ea O,nMopHua.
, I
sati s dmorima.

alpine ~lpski, -a, -o a!JIIICKH, -i, -5

, ,
similar slian, -na, eno c~~aH, c~~Ha, -o
Jo J.
Up to Kranj the countryside Do Kr~nja pr~djeli ~o KpaHa npeAe~H cy
is Alpine, similar to
that in Austria and su ~lpski, sllni iJIIICKH, C~~~HH ~HHMI
Switzerland. ~ I ~ I
onima u Austriji i
~v1carsk5j. CKOj.
from there odatle
to be changing, to mijenjati,
change
mijenjam
But from there the landscape Ali odatlelpr~djel

changes.
se mljenja:.
behind iza Haa

#
gradually postepeno nOCTeneRO
to be opening, to otv~rati, OTsapaTH, OTsapaw

" # --
open
otva:ram
,
mountain basin, kotlina KOT~HHa
depression
, I , Jo ,
Immediately after Kranj Odmah lza Kranja OAMax Haa Kpaua nOCTeneHO
the Ljubljana basin ,
ce OTsapa
,
~y6~RcKa
gradually opens out. postepeno se otvara
I ~
,
Ljubljanska kotlina. KOTJJHHa.
door vr~ta (n. pl) "

BpaTa
, I
Ljubljana closes the gap Vr~ta ove kotline BpiTa ~Be KOT~HHel
of this basin.
z~tvara Ljubljana.
to do, make; (with initi, 1nIm

/se/:) seem
position, location
important v~an, v~na, -o Ba~H, " '-

Ba~Ha, -o
This makes the location of J..

uvo ini
~
vanim I OBO ~~HH n~~o~j ~Y6~Hel
Ljubljana important.
poloaj Ljubljane.
picturesque slikovit, -a, -o ~HBonHcaH, ~HBnHCHa,

-o
495

All the way to Zagreb along

I ,
Sve do Zagreba pokraj
I I
t '"
Cse AO 3arpe6a nopeA aYTO-
,!
the autoput [may] be seen , I I J. t '" l
pretty, picturesque vil- autoputa Vl de se nyTa sHAe ce ~ena, ZHBO-
lages, and the trip is
interesting. lijepa slikovita nKeHa ee~'H n'T je
I I ,
sela i put je 3aHHM.hHB.
zanimljiv.
to be avoiding, to iZbjeg~vati, H36erisaTH,

,
avoid izbjegavam H36eI"aSaM
avoiding iZbjeg~vajui
to bypass zaobilaziti, 3a06HJI8.3HTH,

zaobilazim 3a06HJI8.3HM
bypassing zaobilazei
,
to settle naseliti, da HaeeJlHTH, Aa
,
naselIm HaeeJIiIl
,
settled naseljen, -a, -o Haee..l>eH, -a, -o
J.'
From Zagreb the autoput Od Z~greba autoput OA 3irpe6a ayTonyT np0JI8.3H
goes through valley of l , , l
the Sava the [in] an prolazi kroz dolinu Kp03 AO~HHY Case eKOpo
almost straight [line], , I , , .l
avoiding inhabited places. Save, skoro r~vno, npaso, H36erasajYhH
~ " I
l
Haee.heHa MeCTa.
,
zaobilazeci naseljena
to communicate saobraati, ca06pahaTH, ea06pahi

saobraa
pertaining to motor m6tornI, -a, -o

,
vehicle vozilo S03HJIO
,
and Te
,
to drive; refl. to ride voziti, vozIm B03HTH, B03HM
without
l l
Only motor vehicles go Autoputom saobraaju AYTonYTeM cao6pahajy callo
along the autoput, and I I , l , l
one drives fast and samo motorna vozila, MOTopHa B03HJI8., Te ce
without difficulty I I , I l , I l ,
(Idifficulties l ). pa se vozi brzo i B03H 6P30 H 6e3 TemKOha.
bez potek6a.
496

gasoline benzIn, Ina
pertaining to gasoline benzInski, -a, 6~H3iHCRfi, -i, -5

-o
pump pUmpa G pl. pUmpi
~
nyvna (.
nyvnH -
to fill napuniti, da
,
napunim
, " peaepsoap, -apa
,- (.
tank rezervoar, -ara
We filled our tank with Na Jednoj benzinskoj Ha

je~Hoj
6eH3BHcRoj
gas a t a gasoline , I
station. pUmpi napunili smo
I
n~nHI HAnYHB~ CNO
rezervoar bez!nom. pe3epB~ap 6eHaiHoM.

(.
there 6ndje OH~e
here and there 6vdje 6ndje 5B~e - 5H~e
worker r~dnik pl.

r~dnici
to be repalrlng, to opravljati, onpa~TH, oDpa~N

repair opravljam
,
DODpa~TH, nonpa~M
'-
or, popravljati,
popravljam
to spoil, to get put pokv:riti, da nORsipHTH, ~a nOKsf-

of order pokvarim piM
spoiled, out of order, pokvaren, -a, -o

,
nOKBapeH, -a, -o -
corrupt
damaged oteen -a, -o OUITehea, -a, -o

IL J. !!
Ha nyTY ce os~e-oH~e
Here and there on the road Na putu se ovdje-
workers are to be seen I , ' I ~ IKaKO
'
repairing broken-down ondje Vl de radnici SH~e pa~HiuH
(L damaged) cars. I '
kako popravljaju
,
onpas~jyl nJRBapeaa
,
oteena vozila. BOaHJI8..
case, event sluaj D slu:ju c.nyllaj

, - ,
cJIY'Ia jy
pl. sluajevi/ CJ1YllajesH/
sluaji e.nY'IajH
accident nesretan sluaj
collision sudar
,
cy,nap -
497

of two
We also saw an accident, a

I
Vidjeli smo i jedan
I
.
BH~e~H CMO H je~aH
" HecpehsH
two car collision.
nesretan sluaj, J.
~BSjy
I I
sudar dvaju auto-
mobIla.
only jedIni, -a, -o j~~HHH. -i. -o

stagnation, standstill ziistoj 3icTOj
turning side, deviation skretanje CKp~TaH
That was the only delay and T5 je blo jedini ToJ..Je 6HO
J'e~HHM to.
3aCTO JI
detour. ; I
zastoj i skretanje
l
H CKpeTsae c nYTS.
. ..
s puta.
.. ..
necessary potreban, nOTpe6aH. nOTpe6as.
potrebna, -o -o
not of any kind

.. .
nikakov, -a,-o (Cr.) HHKaKSS. HHKaKBS. -o
help, aid, assistance pomo f.

, , I I .. J.
Fortunately we didnIt need Srecom, nama nije CpehOM. HaMa HMje 6H~a
their help. I I I ..
bila potrebna nOTpe6Ha HHKaKsa nOMoh.
I , ;
nikakova pomoc.
.. ..
any ikakav, ikakva, ~O HKaKsB. HKaKB8. -o
mishap, trouble nezgoda / nezgeda

~
break down kv~r pl. kviircv~ KBap
I ; I I , I6e3
I
We arrived in Belgrade Stigli smo u Beograd CTHr~H CMO y Eeorpa~
without any trouble I
(tunpleasantnesses or bez ikakvih nezgoda ~KaKBHx H~3ro~aIH~H
breakdown t ) . ).
ili kv~ra. KBapa.
.. ..
cordiaI srdaan, srdana, cp~a '1sn. cp.ZI.a 'IHa. -o
-o
,
to be greeting, to pozdravljati, nO~Apa~TH.
greet ,
pozdravljam n03,ll,paB.lJiM
I I I .. I Cp~a\{HO

[Your friend John] sends V~s i Vae s~dano Bac H Bame
hearty greetings (to
you and yours). pozdravI ja.

Note 22.1 Verb: Imperative

Note 22.1.1 Verb: Affirmative Imperative
Izvinite' Pitajte portira.

Oprostite' Pustite ga unutra!
Idite pravo' Doite vi kod mene posle pola osam na veceru.
Dajte mu kafu, molim. Svratite kod nas posle vecere.
Donesite mi drugu, vruu kafu.
These are examples of the imperative of the verb. The imperative ending
itself is l-il or l-ji, more rarely nothing at all (no examples above). As a
rule /-i/ occurs after consonants, /-j/ after vowels. The above examples may
be grouped according to verb type:
a-verb i-verb Consonant-verb Vowel-verb
pItajte izvInite donesite d.jte

oprostite d5ite
pustite idite
svr~tite
An a-verb has the stem formative suffix /-a/ before the imperative ending. Most
verbs have no stem formative suffix before the imperative /-i/ or /-j/: /izvin-I,
/oprost-/, /dones-/, etc. The precise patterning of the imperative ending with
the other endings is best seen in an overall view of the verb forms (see Note
22.2).
The imperative in /-i/ or /-j/ alone is the second person singular familiar:
/pitaj/, /izvini/, /oprosti/, /donesi/, /idi/, /daj/, etc. This should be
avoided by the learner as impolite to nearly everyone he may meet. The form
with the ending l-tel is more polite (though an imperative form is not always
the polite way of requesting action).
The first person plural l-mol is occasionally used, e.g. Idonesimol IletIs
carryi. Compare the defective verb /hajdemo/ Iletis goJI. (This verb occurs
only in the imperative, normally /hajdel or Ihajdemo/.)
Traditional grammar compares the third plural of the verb with the im-
perative. There is no connection between the two forms, and the stress is
often different, but the comparison of the endings may have some mnemonic value.
499

l) When the 3 pl. ends in /-e/ or /-U/ after a consonant or /-JU/ after
a long vowel, the imperative ending is /-i/ (/-ite/)
{dU theyire going {di {dite go'

,
govore they tre speaking govori govorite speak'
d~JU they're giving d~Ji d~Jite give J (I)
2) When the 3 pl. ends in /-Jul after a short vowel, the imperative ends
in a long vowel plus /-j/ (/-jte/).
dajU they give ( p) d~j d~jte give'

stoje theyire standing st5j st5jte stand'
kupujU theyre buying kupUj kupUjte buyJ (I)
(There are some verbs with alternate present forms which will not fit this
pattern. )
Note 22.1.2 Verb: Negative Imperative
The negative imperative, that is, /ne/ plus the imperative, occurs with
all imperfective verbs: /ne kupujte/, /ne dolazite/, /ne govorite/o /ne/ rarely
occurs with perfective verbs, but a few are so used: Ine dajte/o
The negative imperative is not as much used as the negative verb /nem5jte/
plus infinitive (see Note 22.1.3).
Note 22.1.3 Verb: /nem5jte/
Ako ste umorni, onda nemojte nigde ii.
/nem5j/, /nem5jte/, is a defective verb, occurring only in the imperative, cor-

responding to English 'donlt,J. It is followed by the infinitive, usually the
imperfective. It may also be followed by perfective infinitives, though not of
all verbs.
Note 22.2 Verb: stress Patterns
Compare:
k~zati k~em k~zao
,
v~zati v~em vezao
v~i ti vf.lm v~io
pIsati pIem pIsao
500

These verbs showa consistent variation in stress. The infinitive and

l-participle have /~/, the present has /~/. A great many verbs with long root
syllables have this pattern. Compare:
pok~zati pokaem pok~zao

napisati napIem napisao
Here the stress moves back to the prefix in the present. If these two types
of stress pattern are outlined, it appears that they are the same. Using V for
a short vowel, 'vv for a long vowel and j.j for stress, the patterns are:
- vv - V- V -VV-VV-
,
~
,
- a -i a - e - m
k a z a t i k . e - m
- V - vv
.-V - V - V
.
. vv
- - vv -
,
- o - ~
,
- a - i - o -
,
a e -
P o k a z a t i p o k a e m
The pattern for jk~zatij is the same as that for Ipok~zatil but lacks the
first V. In other words the lal of Ipok~eml has the same stress as the lal of
Ik.em/. Compare:
- V - - V -vV - V - V - V - - V, - vv - vv -
r a z g o v ~ r a t i r a z g o v a r a m
,
r a z g o v a r a o
,
r a z g o v a r a j 11
a-verbs (of this pattern), which add a syllable (j-juj) in the third
person plural, have the same stress for this form as they do for the infinitive
and l-participle. The same pattern with only one syllable before the stem for-
mative suffix is:
vv VV- V - vv - vv -
m <5 r a t i m "o r a m
m <5 r a o
m <5 r a j ti
501

Other variations are possible when the present stem has a short vowel:
. .
- V- V- vv - V - V - V- V- V- vv -
s a ~ e k f vat i s a ~ e
k u J ~ m
s a ~ e k f v a o
Or when both are short vowels:
-V-V-V-V
. . .
,
- V - V -
,
vv -
g o vor i t i g o vor ! m
,
g o vor i o
-V--V-V
, - V- -
,
vv -
p u s t i t i p u s t ! m
We have, then, the following pattern, with variant forms:
Infinitive, /1/ part., 3 pl. of a-verbs Present (less 3 pl. of a-verbs)

.. ke:~m
la
..
-VV-V -V
-V
kaza(ti)

-VV-VV
pok~~m
lb
lc
.
-V-VV-V
-V-VV-V -V
pokaza(ti)
(sa)~ekfva(ti)
-V-VV-VV
-VV
-V-V (sa)~ekuJ~m
ld -V. -V. -V pusti(ti) -V -VV pust!m
le -V-V -V -V govori(ti) -VV
-V-V
,
govorim
A line is drawn after the V for stem formative suffix. This position is the
most convenient as a point of reference for the stress shifts. The infinitive
ending is in parentheses as not covered by the pattern.
When the imperative is added to the pattern, it is seen that the stress of
the imperative falls on the same syllable as in the infinitive for i-, e- and
a/Je-verbs but the same syllable as in the present for a-verbs and a/j~-verbs.
Examples:
govoriti govorite govorim

pustiti pustite pustIm
izvoleti izvol(i)te izvolim
k:zati k:ite kem
but
pItati pItam pItajte
putovati putujem putujte
502

This is the most frequent stress pattern among verbs. Nearly all verbs
with stem extensions in Ivi (/-av-I, I-iv-I, I-ov-I, lev-I) follow this pattern.
Many, if not most, verbs having a single long vowel in the syllable preceding
the stem formative suffix (as Ij~v-I in IJ~vitil also follow this pattern. Verbs
with short vowels are not predictable.
Some verbs which have occurred and have this pattern are:
la -vV-V I -Vv-VV
r~diti r~dIm r~dite
pl~titi pl~tIm pl~tite
pItati p!ta:m p!ta:jte
j~viti j~vIm j~vite
svf.i ti svf.Im svf.ite
iveti ivIm ivite
sviati sVI8:m
,
kUpiti kUpIm kupite
v~zati v~em v~ite
lb -V-vV-V I V-Vv-VV
, ,
razgovarati razgova:ram razgova:rajte
,
uznemiravati uznemlrava:m (ne) uznemlravajte
(ne) uznemlrt1jte
pogl~dati poglda:m pogldajte ga
,
pozn~vati pozna:j~m
otv~rati otva:ram otva:ra:jte

izbegavati iZbegava:m iZbegavajte
pokvariti pokva:rIm pokvarite
nameravati nameravam
lc -v-vV-V I V-V-VV
sa~ekfvati sa~ekuj~m (ne) sa~ekujte se
ld -V-V I -V-VV
pustiti pustIm pustite
voziti vozim vozite
,
voditi vOdIm vodite
503

..
le -V-V-V / -V-V-VV
putovati putujem putujte
provoditi orovodIm provodite
izvoleti izvolim izvol(i)te
dozvoliti dozvolIm dozvolite
,
stanovati stanujem stanujte
zadocniti zadocnIm zadocnite
otvoriti otvorim otvorite
The verb forms involved in discussing this pattern have been the infini-
tive, the present, the l-participle and the imperative. It is convenient to
restrict the discussion to these forms at the present time.
A large number of verbs have the same stress on all these forms. The
stress varies from verb to verb, but each verb keeps its stress throughout the
forms. With some verbs it is possible to see the consistency of a pattern. For
example:
..
-v -V- -V-V -V -V-V-V -V
, ,
vracati obraati saobraati
cekati saekati
pasti dopasti
praviti napraviti
opravljati
gledati pogledati
razgledati
A whole series of related verbs may have the same pattern, as:
-v-v-V dolaziti odlaziti prelaziti

nalaziti polaziti prolaziti
Some other verbs having fixed stress in these forms are:

.
-V-V-
..
-V-V-V- -vV-V-V-
..
-V-V-V-
,
brinuti se dopadati se z~visiti razumeti
~ti odsesti upoznati
jesti ostati zaboraviti
misliti poinjati
seati se
504

snabdeti
stajati vecerati
stii
stizati
trajati -v-v-v-v-v-
trebati interesovati
videti
zaliti se
For comparison some other verbs having different patterns may be given.
In addition to variations among the forms previously mentioned, a number of
verbs, have, in some speech, a shift of stress in the present before l-mol and
l-tel, e.g. /id~mo/, /id~te/.
Infinitive l-Participle Imperative Present l-mol

(where useful)
dati dao dla d~jte da d~m dmo

dobiti dobio dobIla dobite da dobijem
d5i doao dola d5ite da d5dem
doneti doneo donela donesite da donesem
/donijetl /donio /donijela
hteti hteo htela hou
/htjeti /htio /htjela
ii iao ila idite id~m (id~mo)
/iao /ila /id~m
imati imao imala imajte imam (im~mo)
otri /otii otiao otila otIdite da od~m /otid~m
piti pio pila pIjte pijem
,
provesti proveo provela provedite da provedem
ra.sti /ra:sti ra:stao rifsla rastite ra.st~m
,
uz~ti uzeo uz~la uzmite da uzmem
,
zauzeti zauzeo zauzela zauzmite da zauzmem
zadrati (se) zadrao zadrala zadrite da zadrIm zadrImo
,
zvati zvao zV~la zovite zovem
505

Note 22.3 New Verbs
a I saobraati saobraa to conununicate

a/Je I trajati traje to last
i I initi inIm to do
i p uiniti da uinIm
Cin p izbei da izbegnem izbegaa to avoid

/1zbjei Ida 1zbjegnem /1zbjegao
a I izbegavati iZbegavam
/izbjeg~vati /izbjegavam
a I m~njati m~njam to change

/mijenjati /mljenjm
i P prom~niti da promenim
/promijeniti Ida promijenIm
i P naseliti da naselIm to settle

a I naselj~vati naseljavam
i P opraviti da opravim to repair

a I opravljati opravljam
otvoriti - otvarati see Note 19. 3
i I puniti punIm to fill

i P napuniti da napunIm
.. to correct,
i p popraviti da popravIm
repair
a I popravljati popravljam
i P pozdraviti da pozdravIm to greet

a I pOZdravljati pozdravljam
i p spojiti da spojim to link

a I sp~jati sp~jam
a/Je P v~zati da v~zem to tie, connec

a/Je I vezIvati vezujem
i I voziti vozIm to drive

C p odvesti da odvezem odvezao,
odvezla
l;()h

i I vi-iti vf.im to do, perform

i p izvi-iti da izvrim to execute
e p zaobIi da zaobiem zaobiao to by pass

,
i I zaobilaziti zaobilazim
Grammatical Drill
GD 22.1 Learning Drill - Imperative
piti I - popiti P
Pij kafu samo ujutru. Popij kafu, pa da idemo.

Pijte kafu samo ujutru. Popijte kafu, pa da idemo.
Nemojte piti kafu uvece. Nemojte popiti svu kafu.
jesti I - pojesti P
Jedi meso za veceru. Pojedi meso za veceru.

Jedite meso za veceru. Pojedite meso za veceru.
Nemojte jesti meso za veceru. Nemojte pojesti sve meso za veceru.
ii I - otii P
Idi na zeleznicku stanicu po tvoj Otidi na zeleznicku stanicu po tvoj

prtljag. prtljag.
Idite na zeleznicku stanicu po va Otidite na zeleznicku stanicu po va
prtljag. prtljag.
Nemojte ii danas na zeleznicku
stanicu po va ~:tljag.
Nemojte ii na stanicu dok ja ne Nemojte otii na stanicu dok ja ne
doem kui. doem kui.
citati I - procitati P
Citaj novine svakog dana. Procitaj danas novine.

Citajte novine svakog dana. Procitajte novine danas.
Nemojte citati novine danas. Nema
nita u njima.
uciti I - nauciti P
Uci dobro. Nauci lekciju dobro.

Ucite gospodo dobro. Naucite gospodo, dobro vau lekciju.
Nemojte uciti nita za vreme praznika.
507

doi P - dolaziti I
Doite sutra u kancelariju ranije. Dolazite od sada na vreme.

Nemojte dolaziti sutra pre 8.
provesti P - provoditi I
Provedite sutra vikend kod kue. Nemojte provoditi sutra vikend van
Bie ravo vreme. grada. Bie ravo vreme.
dati P - davati I
Daj Jovanu ovaj paso. Ne daji Jovanu ovaj paso.

Ne daj Jovanu ovo pismo. Nemoj davati Jovanu ovo pismo.
Dajte deci kolace~ tek kad pojedu Ne dajite deci kolaee dok ne pojedu
sve drugo. sve drugo.
Ne dajte deci kolace dok ne pojedu Nemojte davati deci kolaee dok ne
sve drugo. pojedu sve drugo.
Ne dajte Jovanu da izlazi napolje.
Njemu jo nije dobro.
euti P - sluati I
uj me dobro~ Jovane. Sluaj dobro~ Jovane~ ta govorim.

Ujte ta vam govorim. Sluajte ta vam govorim.
Nemojte ga sluati.
kazati P - kazivati I
Kaite Jovanu da mi se javi telefonom. Ne kazujte nita Jovanu.

Nemojte kazati nita Jovanu. Nemojte kazivati nita Jovanu.
rei P - govoriti I
Recite Jovanu da mi se javi Ne govorite nita Jovanu.

telefonom.
Nemojte rei nita Jovanu. Nemojte govoriti nita Jovanu.
GD 22.2 Negative Transform Drill with Model
The perfective - imperfective verb pair involved is given to the right

of each sentence. The student should cover this side during drill~ using it
only as necessary.
508

Donesite danas moj prtljag sa zeleznicke stanice.

Nemojte donositi danas moj prtljag sa zeleznicke stanice.
Platite, molim vas, moje pivo. /platiti/ - /plaati/

Upoznajte se sa Joviima. Oni su /upoznati se / - /upoznavati sei
dobro drutvo za vas.
Javite se Jovanu pre nego to napustite /javiti sei - /javljati sei
Beograd.
Svrite prvo taj posao. /svriti/ - /svravati/
Promenite odmah novac. /promeniti/ - /menjati/
Pozajmite Jovanu 10.000 dinara. /pozajmiti/ - /pozajmljivati/
Vratite se iz varoi pre osam. /vratiti sei - /vraati sei
Vratite Jovanu novac danas.
Sacekajte me na zeleznickoj stanici. /sacekati/ - /ekati/
Kaite Jovanu da je Toma doao iz /kazati/ - /kazivati/
Zagreba.
Proite kroz moju sobu u kupatilo. /proi/ - /prolaziti/
Preite jugoslovensku granicu Korenskim /prei/ - /prelaziti/
prelazom. On je jedini otvoren.
Izvrite pregled prtljaga ove gospode. /izvriti/ - /vriti/
Ostanite u hotelu pet dana. /ostati/ - /ostajati/
Unesite ove kufere u moju sobu. /uneti/ - /unositi/
Uzmite taksil napolju pada kia. /uzeti/ - /uzimati/
Otvorite prozor, molim vas. /otvoriti/ - /otvarati/
Jovane, molim vas, zatvorite vrata. /zatvoriti/ - /zatvarati/
Deco, ustanite sutra rano ii emo /ustati/ - /ustajati/
na izlet.
Kupite danas koverte i hartiju u /kupiti/ - /kupovati/
knjiari.
Provedite odmor u gorskom kotaru. To /provesti/ - /provoditi/
je najlepi deo zemlje.
Odmorite se za vreme vikenda. /odmariti sei - /odmarati sei
Pustite decu unutra. Napolju je hladno. /pustiti/ - /putati/
Napunite rezervoar benzinom. Nema /napuniti/ - /puniti/
benzinskih pumpi usput.
The above drill may be repeated using the second person singular (familiar
form of the verb and relevant pronouns, e.g.
509

Platite, molim vas, moje pivo. Plati, molim te, moje pivo.

GD 22.3.1 On Imperative
Each question is to be answered with a sentence using the imperative,

on the basis of the data given in the prompt. Possible answers are given to
the right.
This drill may be repeated with negative responses. Alternately, every

other answer may be negative.
elim da popijem cau ta elite da pijete? Dajte mi cau mleka.

mleka.
Treba mi veliki kufer. Koji kufer vam treba? Donesite mi veliki kufer.
Vai kuferi su doneti sa ta elite da uradimo Unesite kufere u moju

stanice. sa vaim kuferima. sobu. Nemojte unositi
kufere u moju sobu.
ao mi je to Toma nije ta da kazem Tomi kad Kaite Tomi da sam ga

kod kue. doe kui? Imate traio. Nemojte mu
neku poruku za njega? nita govoriti. Recite
mu da doe kod mene,
Mi treba da preemo austrij- Gde da preemo granicu? Preite granicu Korenskim

sko-jugoslovensku granicu. prelazom.
Vrata od kue su otvorena. Da li treba da Molim vas, zatvorite

zatvorim vrata? vrata.
Treba da otvorimo kufere Da li treba da otvorimo Molim vas, otvorite kufere

za carinski pregled. kufere za carinski za pregled. Nemojte
pregled? jo otvarati kufere
za pregled.
Ova gospoda cekaju za Da li da izvrim Izvrite odmah pregled

pregled stvari. pregled stvari ove stvari ove gospode.
gospode? Nemojte vriti pregled
njihovih stvari. Oni
imaju diplomatski paso.
510

B'ASIC COURSE UNIT 22
Kola su pokvarena i treba Da li treba da opravim Opravite kola odmah.

da se oprave. kola odmah? Nemojte opravljati
kola odmah. Ne morate
opravljati kola odmah.
Nemamo dovoljno benzina za Da li da napunim Napunite rezervoar

put. rezervoar benzinom benzinom u gradu.
u gradu? Nemojte puniti rezer-
voar benzinom u gradu.
Moete to uraditi na
autoputu.
Nisam jo svrio samo Da li ovaj posao treba Svrite taj posao danas.
jedan posao. da svrim danas? Hitan je. Nemojte
svrava ti taj posao
danas. Nije nita
hitno.
GD 22.3.2 Questions on the Basic Sentences
Mi smo preli granicu Korenskim Kojim prelazom ste preli granicu?

prelazom.
Mnogo sveta prelazi granicu tim Da li mnogo sveta prelazi granicu tim
prelazom. prelazom.
Taj prelaz je dobro vezan sa auto- Da li je taj prelaz dobro vezan sa
putem. autoputem?
To nije jedini prelaz, koji je Da li je to jedini prelaz, koji je
vezan sa autoputem. vezan sa autoputem?
Pregled pasoa se vri na granici. Gde se vri pregled pasoa.
Carinski pregled se vri kad se A gde se vri carinski pregled?
pree granica.
Pregled naih stvari izvrio je Ko je izvrio pregled vaih stvari?
jedan vrlo ljubazan carinski
inovnik.
On je svrio pregled vrlo brzo. Koliko je trajao pregled? IKolikO

traje pregled?
Od granice do Beograda ima oko Koliko kilometara ima od granice do
630 km. Beograda?
Vonja je trajala neto vie od Koliko je trajala vonja do Beograda?
osam sati sa odmorima.
511

Nismo imali nikakvih tekoa Da li ste imali nekih tekoa usput?

usput.
Sa granice smo poli u 8 sati. U koliko sati ste poli sa granice?
U Beograd smo stigli u 4:20 (ce- U koliko sati ste stigli u Beograd?
tiri i dvadeset).
Autoput prolazi do Kranja kroz Kroz kakve predele prolazi autoput?
alpske predele.
Od Kranja autoput ulazi u Ljubljansku Kakvi su predeli od Kranja?
kotlinu.
Autoput prolazi kroz Ljubljanu. Da li autoput prolazi kroz Ljubljanu?
Mi smo se zadrali u Ljubljani Da li ste se zadravali u Ljubljani?
pola sata.
IMi se nismo zadravali u
Ljubljani.
Poloaj Ljubljane je i lep i vaan. Kakav je poloaj Ljubljane?
Ljubljanska vrata cine Ljubljanu ta cini Ljubljanu vanom?
vanom.
Dopao nam se Ljubljanski grad. ta vam se dopalo u Ljubljani?
Sve do Zagreba put je bio vrlo Da li je put bio zanimljiv?
zanimljiv.
Autoput prolazi kroz Zagreb. Da li autoput prolazi kroz Zagreb?
Mi smo svratili u Zagreb. Da li ste svraali u Zagreb.
/Mi nismo svraali u Zagreb.
Rucali smo i odmorili se u Slavonskom Gde ste rucali?
Brodu. (Tu ima jedan motel i
servisna stanical na autoputu.)
Tu smo kupili i benzin. Nismo Gde ste kupili benzin? Da li ste
kupovali benzin usput. kupovali benzin usput?
Autoput izbegava naseljena mesta. Da li autoput izbegava naseljena mesta?
Autoputem saobraaju samo motorna Da li autoputem saobraaju samo
vozila. motorna vozila?
Videli smo jedan nesrean sluaj. Da li ima nesrenih slucajeva na
/Nismo videli nijedan nesrean autoputu?
slucaj.
l
service plaza
512

To je bio sudar dvaju kola. Kakav je to bio nesrean slucaj?

Nama nije bila potrebna nikakva Da li vam je bila potrebna neka pomo
,
pomoc. na autoputu?
INama je bila potrebna pomo.
Imali smo kvar na kolima. Kakva pomo vam je bila potrebna?
v
Sta vam je trebalo?
Jedan radnik nam je opravio kola. Ko vam je opravio kola?
/Ja sam sam opravio kola.

GD 22.4.1 A B
Da li ste skoro prelazili jugoslo- Jesam. Zato pitate?

vensko-austrijsku granicu?
Ja moram putovati skoro u Beograd, Ja prelazim granicu uvijek Gorenskim
pa me zanima gdje je najzgodnije prijelazom.
prei granicu.
Koliko prijelaza ima? Ima najmanje cetiri-pet.
Zato vi prelazite granicu Gorenskim Zato to je taj prijelaz dobro spojenI
prijelazom? autoputem sa Beogradom.
Koliko ima kilometara od granice do Neto vie od 630 km.
Beograda?
Za koje vrijeme se prelazi taj put? Put traje oko deset sati sa odmorima.
Kako je autoput ureen? Moze li se Autoput je dobro ureen. Ima benzinskih
kupiti benzin na autoputu? pumpi gdje se prodaje benzin.
A mogu li se kola opraviti ako se desi Mogu.
neki kvar?
To je dobro. Da li ste imali usput Nisam, uvijek sam putovao bez ikakvih
nekih nezgoda? nezgoda.
Da li put prolazi kroz naseljena Ne, put zaobilazi naseljena mjesta
mjesta? koliko je mogue.
Gdje ste se odmarali? Odmarao sam se na samom putu.
l
/spojen/ 'connected'
513

To je dobro. Ja sam mislio da ste Ne, ja rijetko kad svraam negdje

se odmarali u nekom gradu. kad putujem. Osim kad moram.
Onda u i ja ii u Beograd tim putem. To je najbolje to moete uiniti.
~a ~ CTe CKOpO npeAa3H~ jyroc~oBeHCKO- Jecav. 3amTO nHTaTe?

aycTpHjCKy rpaHH~?
Ja Tpe6a ~a nYTyjev CROpO y Beorpa~, Ja npeJJ8.3JUl rpaHHUY yaeK KopeHcKHll
na ve HHTepecyje r~e je Haj3~oAHHje npeJI8.30K.
npehH rpaHHny.
KOAHKO npeAa3Q HKa?
3amTO BH npe~3HTe rpaHHqy KopeHCKHK 3aTO WTO je Taj npeJJ8.3 A06po se3aH
npeJJ8.30V? ayTonyTev ea BeorpaAOM.
KO~KO Hva KH~oveTapa OA rpaHH~e AO HemTo aH1Ue OA 630 KM.
BeorpaAa?
3a Koje speve ee npeJJ8.3H Taj nYT? TIYT Tpaje OKO AeeeT eaTH ca OAMopHMa.
RaKO je ayTonyT ype~eH? MOEe ~ Aa AYTonYT je A06po ype~eH. HMa 6eH3HHeK~
ce KynH 6eH3HH Ha aYTonYTY? nyvna rAe ee npo.zr,aje 6eH3HH.
A Mory ~ KOJJ8. Aa ce onpaae, aKO ce Mory.
.zr,ecH HeKH RSSp?
To je .zr,06po. ~a ~ CTe ava~ HeKHX HHcaM, yaeK caM nyTosao 6e3 aKaKSHX
Hearo.zr,s ycnYT? eMeT~ H~ He3roAa.
Pa ~ nyT npo~a3a Kp03 Hace~eHa MeeTa? He, nyT H36eraaa Haee~eHa MeeTa KO~HKO
je Moryhe.
rAe CTe ee OAMapa~? OAMapao eau ee Ha eaMoM nyTy.
To je Ao6po. Ja caM VHC~HO Aa eTe He, ja peTKo RaA eapahaM HerAe KaA
ce o.zr,Mspa~ y HeKOM rpa.zr,y. nyTyjeK. CeM KaA KopaK.
OH.zr,a hy H ja aha y EeorpaA THM nyTev. To je Haj6o~e mTO vozeTe Aa ypaAHTe.
GD 22.4.2
Kad emo stii u Beograd? Mislim da nam treba jo oko dva sata.
Koliko kilometara ima jo do Ima jo 150 km.
Beograda.
To je otprilike dva sata vonje. Mozda nam nee trebati ni toliko.
Do sada nismo imali nikakvih potekoa Nismo, ali smo se cesto odmarali.
ili zastoja usput.
Da, ja sam se htjeo svratiti u Pa nismo se tako dugo zadrzali u
Ljubljanu. Ljubljani.
1i14

Zadrali smo se prilicno dugo. Vama se dopala Ljubljanska tvrava?
Da, tvrava je jako interesantna. Ona zatvara Ljubljansku kotlinu.

Izgleda vrlo slikovito.
Hoete valjda da kazete, da je zatvarala Pa zar vam ona ne izgleda i sada tako?
Ljubljansku kotlinu.
Jest, izgleda. To je tocno. Ali, Naravno, ona to 1 jest. Ali, mi
ona je sad samo lijep park i Jugoslaveni je volimo ne samo za
fli ta vi e ono to jest, ve i za ono to je
bila.
To je razumljivo. Pa da.
RaA heKo CTHhH y BeorpaA? MHC~M Aa BaM Tpe6a jom OKO ABa caTa.
KO~HRO RH~oMeTapa HMa jom AO l1)(a jom 150 KM.
EeorpaAa?
To je oTnpH~Re Asa caTa BOzae. Mo~a HaM Behe Tpe6aTH HH TO~RO.
AO caAa BHCMO HMa~ HHRaRBHX TemKOh8 HHCMO, a~ CMO ce ~eCTO OAMapaAH.

H~ 3acToja ycnyT.
Aa, ja caK XTeo Aa cBpaTHMo y ila HHCVO ce TaKO Ayro 3aAPza~ y
.!>y6~HY. J>y6~HH.
38Apza~H CKO ce npH~~BO Ayro. BaMa ce Aonao J>y6.118HCKH rpaA?
~8, rpaA je BP~O HHTepecaHT8H. OH 38TBapa .!>y6~HCKY ROT~HHY.

H3r~eAa BP~O *ZBonHcHO.
XOheTe Ba~Aa Aa Ka*eTe, Aa je 3aTBapao

.!>y6~HCRY KOT~HHY.
~a60Me Aa H3r~eAa. To je Ta~HO. AAH, HapaBHo, OB TO H jecTe. AAH, MH

OH je caA caMO ~en napK H HKmTa Bzme. Jyroc~oBeHH rs BO~MO He caMO 3a OHO
mTO jecTe, Beh H 3a OHO mTO je 6HO

To je pa3Y)l~HBO. .lla60Me.

GD 22.5.1 Change the following imperative sentences from affirmative to
negative.
Poite na put pre osam sati.

Odvedite decu posle podne u bioskop.
Donesite danas moje stvari sa zeleznicke stanice.
Kupite mi jugoslovenske novine u varoi.
515

Opravite danas moja kola.

Zatvorite prozor i vrata, molim vas.
Napunite rezervoar benzinom u gradu.
Izvrite odmah pregled pasoa ovoj gospodi.
Pustite ovu gospodu da preu granicu. Njihovi pasoi su u redu.
Napiite pismo Jovanu.
GD 22.5.2 Change all the following questions using present imperfective forms
of the verbs. Replace clauses with jtreba/ plus perfective with the simple
(imperfective) verb.
Gde su vam izvrili pregled pasoa?

Kad treba da odete iz Beograda?
Da li emo autoputem izbei naseljena mesta?
Hoete li prei granicu Korenskim prelazom?
U koliko sati e se otvoriti prelaz preko granice?
Kad treba da zatvorite radnjU?
Gde ste kupili benzin?
Ko vam je opravio kola?
Kad ste stigli u Beograd?
Autoput e se opraviti, zar ne?
516

UNIT 23
With Some Friends Kod prijatelja Kop; npHjaTe.b8.

A
'l _,
last night, last Slnoc
evening
I
How were things at our Kako je bIlo sln~
KaKO . _ I KOP;
J . .CHHoh
je 6HAO
rriends l the Jovils
last evening?
HamHX npH j aTe~
J. J" _'L_JJ
OBHna'
J5via?
B
, l I l .. l
(It was) very nice. We Bilo je vrlo lijepo. EHAO je BpAO Aeno.
enjoyed ourselves very j
much. Drvno smo se ~~BHO CMO ce npoBJ~.
zabavljali.
A
~ ..
guest, customer g5st Gsg gosta roeT rOCTa
(hotel) Gpl gostiju rbcTHjy
Were there many guests?

I
Je li bilo mnogo
I .. I J.
J~A' 6HJIO MHoro rocTHjy?
.. #
gostiju?
B
I
I think there were about Mislim da nas Je btlo MHCAHK
~a Hac je 6HJIO
l
ten or us.
desetoro.
.
known poznat -a, :-0 n03HaT, -a, -O
1 .. J.
I knew all or them (Iall Svi su bIli poznati. CBH cy 6HJIH n03HaTH.
were known [to me]I).
cak .
llaK
even
.
to meet, encounter sresti, da cpecTH, Aa
sretnem, sreo
.
cpeTHeM, epeo
..
I ~ l call cpeo
. .KOA
. H:.HX
- I
I even met there a friend ak sam sreo kod njih tlaK
whom I hadntt seen for I , I .. I
a long time. i jednog prijatelja II jeAHor npHjaTe~
I I l '
koga nIsam odavno Kora HHcall OA&BHO
vidio.
BHAeo.
517

A
, , ,
to invite, to call pozvati, da n03saTH, ~a n030s8M
, , " "
pozovem, pozvao, n03sao, n03sa.na
pozvala
invited pozvan, -a, -o "

n03saH, -
-a, -o
I
We were invited, too. f mI smo bIli H Mi ellO 6~~H'n~3BiHH.
pozvani.
B
, .L l, " IJo "JJ
Why didnit you come? Zato n1ste doli? 3amTo HHeTe ~omAH'
just taman / upravo
to prepare, to get spr~miti, da enp;llHTB, ~a

ready spr~mIm
~
enpeMHM -
We were all ready. MI smo se upravo MH.J. ellO ee TaMaH
' I enpeMH~B.
"
spr~mili.
last, the last poslijednjI', noe~e~Hi, -a, -8

-a, -e
or, zadnjI', -a, -e 3~,nd, -a, -8
, ,
moment momenat G MOM:eHaT MOMeHTa
momenta
to fall ill, to razboljeti se, pa36o~eTB ee, ~a ee

get sick da se razbolIm, pa36o~HM,
razbolio se pa360~eo ee
j ,
But at the last moment, A~H Y noe~e,nHeM MOMeHTy,
when we were about to I j
leave our son got sick. RaA je Tpe6a~0 ,na
" I.J.
p6i, na se sIn n5~eMo, Ham eHK ee
razbolio.
instead mjesto / umjesto
reception, party J prijem / prImanje npR"j_

ell / t._
npHMaH:e
recepit
for (with A) po no
doctor ljek~r G ljek~ra "

JIeRapa
518

or, lijenIk ~
JIellHHK -
, I
, .l
And instead of (our) coming I umjesto da doemo na H yMecTo Aa Ao~eMO Ha
to the party, I had to .. Jo
rush out after a doctor. prfm~nje, m5rao sam npHjeM, Mopao caM
I , "
ii po liJenIka. Hill! no JIeKapa.
serious ozbiljan, 036H~H,

ozbiljna, -o 036H~Ha, -o
I J. I .. , Jo IHHmTa

It (probably) wasnIt any- valjda bJ.lo HHje sa~Aa 6HJIO
thing serious, [was it]?
nita ozbiljna? 036H~H01
stomach eludac G eluca "

CTOV&Ka
I
No, thank goodness. His Na. sreu nije. " Eory
Xsa.na I HHje.
..
stomach was upset. I , I,
Pokv~rio je eludac. TIoKsapHO je CTovaK.
,
to frighten, scare; uplaiti, da ynJJ8.UIHTH, Aa
refl. to be frightened, uplaIm ,
ynJJ8.WHM -
to be afraid
dangerous op~san, opa:sna, onicaH, onticHa, -o

-o
suddenly iznena:da
, ,
high visok, visoka, SHCOK, sHcoKa, -Oj
-Oj visok!, -a:, BHCOKH, -ii, -o
-o
temperature temperatUra
or, vruica
But we were afraid, that Ali bIli smo se

it might (Ilest itl) be . , ,-
something dangerous,
because he suddenly had
a high temperature.
uplaili, da nije
neto opa:sr.a, jer je
.,
Aa HHje HeWTO onacHO,
jep je H3HeHaAa A06HO

.
iznenada dobio visoku B~COKY TeMnepaT~PY.
vruicu.
to be expecting, to ocekivati, " TH,

O'leKHBa
expect ocekujem o'l~KyjeM
519

to surpriseJ refl. to iznenditi, da

be surprised
iznendIm H3HeHa~HM
, --
surprised iznen~en, -a, -o ,
H3HeHa~eH,
- -a, -o
I
J~BHhH o~eKiBa~HI
I , ,
The Jovi1s were expecting Jovici su vas oekIvali cy Bac
you and were surprised , I
that you didnit let them i bIli su iznenaeni H 6j~ cy H3H~Hi~eHHI
know (anything).
tb se nIste nita
. .
WTO HHCTE HHmTa "
jaBH~H.
j~vili.
confusion z~buna
to inform, to report izvijestiti, da "

H3BecTHTH, ~a
izvijestIm H;3BecTHM
I ~ I I
~ I'
In the confusion my wife U onoj zabuni moja Y OHOj 3a6yHH Koja zeHa
forgo t to tell them
that we couldnit come. z~na je zabbravila je
3a60paBH~ ~a HX
, I
H3BecTi/~a H~
I
javiti da ne mozemo KozeMO
d6i.
,
to hope n~dati se, Ha~aTH ce,
n~dam se ~ -
HaAaM ce
to make angry, to naljutiti, da "

Ha.hyTHTH, Aa
irritatej refl. to
mlljiltIm H~.hYTHM
be angry, to be
irritated
I ~ - ce
, Aa ce HHcy
!
I hope they werenit put N~dam se da se nIsu HaAaM
ou t (I mad I )
naljutili.
angry, mad (at: Inal)) ljut, ljUta, -o; .h~T, .Il~Ta, -o;
hot (food) ljUtI, -a, -o ~ -
.IlyTH, -a, -O - -
.. , J. J.
No, they weren't mad Ne, nIsu bIli ljutil He, HHCY 6H~ .6yTH
at you.
na. vas. Ha Bac.
,
unexpectedly neoekIvano Heo~eKiBaHO
to prevent, to hinder sprijeiti, da Cnp~'1HTH, Aa

lL _
sprijeIm cnpe~HM
520

They knew that something Oni su znali da vas

I ,
OHR cy aHa~R ~a sac je
unexpected kept you from
coming. je neto iznenada H~mTo HeO~~KHBaHol
l )"
sprijeilo. cnpe~H~o ~a ~o~eTe.
[My] wife will call Mrs.

VI , I
Zena ce danas zvati
I , , ,
EeHa he ~aHac 3BaTR
Jovi and apologize. I
I
gospou
"
J5vic i
I
I"ocnol)y JOBRh
, I
,
izvIniti se. H H3BHHHTH ce.
Cultural Note
The opening sentence in an English conversation of this kind would

probably be something like 'How was the Jovi's party last night?' Serbo-
Croatian has no real equivalent of 'party'. There are words for informal
gatherings, such as /s~lo/, /poS~lO/, /aj/, /ajanka/. More formal occasions
may be /prljem/ 'reception' or /prlredba/. To take care of some recently im-
ported ways of life, /koktel-partija/ and /blfe/ ('buffet dinner') are now being
used. The word /zur/ indicates a fixed dayan which the lady of the house holds
open house.
Grammatical Notes
Note 23.1 Verb: 'there is', 'there was', 'there will be'
Note 23.1.1 /ima/ 'there is, there are', /lmaju/ 'there are'
a) Imao sam mali stan. b) Ima i jedan aj, gospodine.

Koga ima va prijatelj? Da li ima danas pote? Da, ima.
Ima zenu i jednog sina. Koliko pisama ima?
/ima/ (and also /imaju/, which is not illustrated here) may be used in two
ways - transitively (examples in a) above) and intransitively (examples in b)
above). The transitive use has an object (see the examples) or may refer to a
situation where an object is mentioned, as Ida, imal 'yes, he hasI in answer to
lima li mali stan?/ 'does he have a small place to live?'. Any form of /imati/
may be used transitively.
The intransitive use, illustrated in b), is restricted to /ima/ and /imaju/.

This us age means '(such-and-such) exists'. E.g. 'also a [cup of] tea eXists,
521

siri, meaning 'there is also a cup of tea, sir'; Idoes some ('ofl) mail exist
today', 'yes, it exists' meaning 'is there any mail today?l, 'yes, there is'.
/lm/ and /imaju/ in this usage correspond to English 'there is, there are l .
What follows the 'is, are' of English is the subject of the verb in Serbo-
Croatian. Of the two forms /ima/ is usually used with a singular verb when a
neuter quantity word, such as /mnogo/, /nekoliko/, etc. is the subject, as lima
nekoliko pisama/ or when numerals are used: lima pet gradova/, lima dve piJace/.
/ima/ is also used with the genitive of quantity indicating what lisi: lima
pote/, lima velikih pijaca u gradu/. /imaju/ may be used before the
numerals /dva/, Itrij and /etiri/, (/imaju dve pijace/) and is regularly used
with the nominative plural of the noun as SUbject (/im~ju mnogi gradovi/,
/imaju velike pijace u gradu/). The use of the nominative shows the reference
is more specific. The use of the genitive indicates indefinite quantity. (Note
that with other verbs the use of the plural form is optional with the numerals
/p~t/ and above, as explained in Note 13.1.2.)
Some nouns occur in the genitive singular after /ima/, others in the
genitive plural:
ima li vode
ima li pijaca
Nouns indicating individual items occur in the plural (market-places).

Nouns indicating an undifferentiated indeterminate mass are in the s1ngular
(potatoes, vegetables, water, etc.). These are sometimes called Icount l nouns
and Imass' nouns.
Contrast also:
Tamo je stanica. The station is over there.

Ima stanica tamo. Thereis a station there.
In present-day Serbo-Croatian, only the present forms of /lmati/ are in

regular use for 'there (is)l. See the following notes.
In summary:
l. The noun indicating what is said to exist may be in the nominative and
agree with the verb: lima jedna pijaca/. Rarely the plural occurs
/imaju mnogi hoteli/.
522

2. The verb is in the singular, followed by a quantity word or by the

genitive of the noun. (The quantity word is, of course, followed by
the genitive itself, but this has nothing to do with the verb.)
ima mnogo pijaca

ima dobrih pijaca
Note 23.1.2 /blo/, /bIla/, /bIlo/ Ithere was l
Jeli bilo mnogo gostiju?

Mislim da nas je bilo oko deset.
The past tense of /blti/ with a collective or indefinite subject, not

equated with anything in the predicate, often corresponds to English Ithere was'
or Ithere werel. The verb occurs before the subject. The first example might
be translated 'was a large quantity of guests?'. Normal English requires 'was
[there] .. ?f, so 'were there a lot of guests?l. The second example is II think
there were about ten of uslo
The verb agrees with the subject, though the latter is often neuter (and
so singular) due to the use of collectives and other quantity words. See
examples in the drills.
Note 23.1.3 /ble/ 'there will be'
The future of /biti/ (in the third person singular - /ble/) is used for
Ithere will be'. Although /imati/ and /biti/ are completely different verbs,
they pattern together in reference to the existence of items. Compare:
Bilo je, ima i bie ljudi tamo. There were, there are, and there
will be people there.
Compare also the 'personali use of /biti/ in:
Bie nam zadovoljstvo da vidimo ta se tamo prodaje.
The impersonal use of /biti/ is to be compared with the constructions in

which a neuter singular pronoun or adjective is used with /biti/. Past, present
and future forms all occur. The /bIlo je/ and /ble/ above are simply the same
usage without a pronoun or adverb. Compare:
523

Teko je ostati bez vode.

Tako je.
Da li je tacno da je ovde teko putovati vozom?
To je bilo davno.
The last example has the pronoun /t5/ as sUbject. In this use /t6/ is
invariable. The adjectives /t~ko/, /tacno/ are predicates, with what follows
being the subject of the verb (that is, /ostati bez vode/ and Ida je ovde teko
putovati vozom/.) The latter clause has /tko/ in the predi cate with /ovde ...
putovati vozorn/ as sUbject.
Note 23.2 Verb: /trebati/

Note 23.2.1 /treba, /trebalo/: Impersonal Use
a) Ne treba nita da brinete.

Treba da svrimo veceras jedan hitan posao.
Prvo treba da odem u ambasadu, da se javim na duznost.
Onda treba da odem na zeleznicku stanicu da vidim za moj prtljag.
Treba da vidite Beogradski grad i zoloki vrt.
Treba da kupim nekoliko olovki i koverata i hartije.
b) Ali u poslednjem momentu, kad je trebalo da poemo, na sin se razboleo.
The third person singular of /trebati/ 'to be necessary' (/treba/ 'it is

necessary') is used impersonally, as in the examples in a) above, to mean lit
is necessary (that one do so-and-so)l, fit is felt to be obligatory (that one
do so-and-so l ). These more literal meanings usually correspond to English
Ishould l , lought to l , 'have tol. In Serbo-Croatian the person who 'should l ,
'ought to' etc. is the subject of the verb following /da/: /treba da odem/
II ought to go', /treba da vidite/ 'you ought to seei, /treba da svrimo/ Iwe
ought to finishl. The /treba/ stays the same, not reflecting the person involved.
rhis usage is therefore called limpersonalJ. The negative is illustrated by the
first example (lit is not necessary that you worry about anything [fnothing']';
note double negative). Ine trebal is normally followed by imperfective verbs.
/treba/ may be followed by an infinitive. In this case the construction

is completely impersonal: /treba videti Beogradski gradi tone ought to see the
citadel of Belgrade I , Iyou must see the Belgrade citadel'.
524

In the past the neuter singular, /trebalo/, is used impersonally, as

under b). The verb after /da/ is in the present: 'it was necessary that we
leave' - 'it was necessary for us to leave' - 'we had to leave'. Compare:
Trebalo je da budu ovde do osam. They ought to (or, should) have

been here by eight.
Trebalo je da vidite Beogradski You ought to (or, should) have
grad. seen the Belgrade citadel.
Croatian uses personal rather than impersonal constructions in place of

the above. The verb /m6rati/ plus infinitive is often used: /moram iei/ 'r have
to gol. See the next note for /trebati/.
Note 23.2.2 /trebati/: Personal Use
Treba mi hitno. I need him urgently.

Treba mi neto jugoslovenskog novca. I need some Yugoslav money.
Ali u zadnjem casu kad smo trebali But at the last moment when we were
poi, na sin se razbolio. about to leave our son got sick.
Here /trebali smol Iwe had to, we should havel is used personally, just as any
other verb. Such personal use in the past is often optional: /trebali ste da
vidite Beogradski gradi may be said for the last example of the preceding note.
There is also the personal use of /trebati/ in the sense of Ibe neededI,
with the dative indicating the one who Ineeds l . Examples are:
Ako vam trebam, vl me zovite. If you need me (Ir am necessary to

you I) call me.
Trebaju mi nova kola. I need a new car.
It is also possible to use the adjective /potreban/ Inecessaryl in a

construction meaning much the same thing: /potreban mi je hitnoj II need
him urgently'.
Note 23.3 Noun: /g5st/
The noun /g5st/ tguest, customer' has the ending /-iju/ in the genitive
plural. Note also the vowel length and stress changes:
525

N g~st gosti
A gosta goste
,
G gosta gostiju
,
D gostu gostima
,
I gostom gostima
The following nouns have this I-ijill ending:

Masculine: prst If'inger, toe l pl. prsti G prstiju
nokat I (finger or toe) nail l pl. nokti G noktiju
Ibreasts' l pl. prsi G prsiji1
Neuter: ',
pIece Ishoulder blade l pl. ',
pleca G pleiju
Feminine: v~ Ilouse l pl. vai G vaiji1

kbst Ibone' pl. kosti G kostiju
Neuter singular, oko 'eye pl. oi G oijll

'
Feminine plural uholuvo lear' pl. ui G uiji1
There is some variation in usage of these f'orms, as the genitive plural endings
I-a/ and /-1/ also may occur. /prsa/ (n. N pl.) may also be used instead of'
Iprsi/. Note how many of' these are body parts, and that several occur in pairs.
Note 23.4 Verb: Pluperf'ect
Ali, bili smo se uplaili, da nije neto opasno.
This is an example of' the pluperf'ect. This verb construction is not very
common in Serbo-Croatian. The elements of it are: present form of' 'to be' +
11/ participIe of' Ibiti/ + /1/ participIe of' verb denoting the action involved.
Here: /smo/ + /bili/ + /uplaili se/. The position of' Ismo/ and /sel are or
course determined by enclitic order. Both of' the /1/ participles agree with
the SUbject.
In the affirmative the pluperfect is generally used in association with

such as Ijol Iyet, stilll.
Prtljag je ve bio doao. The baggage had already come.

Prtljag jo nije bio doao. The baggage hadnit come yet.
526

Note 23.5 New Verbs
a I na.dati se n~da:m se to hope

a/J~ I oekIvati oekujFJm to expect
i P iznena.diti (se) da (se) iznenadIm to surprise

a/JFJ I iznenaIvati (se) iznemiuj~m (se)
i P izv~stiti da izvestIm to in.form

/izvijestiti Ida izvijestIm
a I izvet~vati izvetvam
/izvjefvati /izvjeuj~m
i I ljutiti (se) ljD.tIm (se) to anger

i P naljUtiti (se) da (se) naljutIm
i I plaiti (se) plaIm (se) to fear

i P uplaiti (se) da (se) uplaIm
e P razboleti se da se razbolIm razboleo to fall ill

/razboljeti se Irazbolio
a I razbol~vati se razbolevam se
i p spr~iti da spr~!m to prevent

Isprijeiti Ida sprijeIm
a I spre~vati spreavm
/sprijea.vati /sprijecvam
i P spr~miti da spr~~im to prepare

a I spr~mati spr~mam
cin P sresti da sretnem to meet" en-

counter
a I sretati sretam .2E,,,
a/J~ sre~m
,
a/e I zvati zovem zvao" zV~la to call
,
a/e p pozvati da pozovem pozvao" to call" invite
pozvala
a I pozfvati poz!vm to invite
527

Grammatical Drill
GD 23.1 Impersonal Verbs - Learning Drill

GD 23.1.1 limal 'there is, there area limajul Ithere are'
Negative transform drill
With Count Nouns
Following is a set of sentences using lima/ and, where possible, /imaju/,

in the senses 'there is, there are l . Each of these is to be put in negative.
The first two negative sentences are given as models. (Only /jedna/ has /ni-I.)
Ima jedna velika pijaca u gradu. Nema nijedna velika pijaca u gradu.
Ima dve velike pijace u gradu. Nema dve velike pijace u gradu.
Imaju dve velike pijace u gradu.
Ima pet velikih pijaca u gradu.
Ima velikih pijaca u gradu.
Ima mnogo velikih pijaca u gradu.
Ima nekoliko velikih pijaca u gradu.
(Question: Da li ima velikih pijaca u gradu?)
Ovde ima jedan dobro snabdeven magazin.

U hotelu ima jedan gost iz Francuske.
Ima jedno dobro gradsko pozorite.
Ima jedan dobar put do jugoslovenska-austrijske granice.
U gradu ima jedna dobro snabdevena radnja sa samoposlugom.
With Mass Nouns
Ima kafe. Nema kafe.

Ima mnogo kafe. Nema mnogo kafe.
Ima dovoljno kafe. Nema dovoljno kafe.
(Question: Da li ima kafe?)
Ima pisae hartije.

Ima dobrog crnog hleba.
Ima vrueg aja.
U ovom magazinu ima jeftine robe.
Ovde ima dobrog mleka.
528

With plural nouns:
Imaju jedne novine na stolu. Nemaju nijedne novine na stolu.

Imaju dvoje novine na stolu.
Ima pet novina na stolu.
Ima mnogo novina na stolu.
Ima nekoliko novina na stolu.
(Question: Da li imaju jedne novine na stolu?)
Imaju jedna kola na ulici. NemajU nijedna kola na ulici.

Imaju jedna vrata na kui s ulice. Nemaju nijedna vrata na kui s ulice.
GD 23.1.2 Ibiol, /bila/, /bilo/, etc. 'there was, there were'
With Count Nouns
Bio je samo jedan lep dan bez kie Nije bio nijedan lep dan bez kie
za vreme naeg odmora. za vreme naeg odmora.
Bila su dva lepa dana bez kie za
vreme naeg odmora.
Bilo je pet lepih dana bez kie za
vreme naeg odmora.
Bilo je nekoliko lepih dana bez kie
za vreme naeg odmora.
(Question: Da li je bilo lepih dana bez kie za vreme vaeg odmora?
Bila je samo jedna slobodna soba Nije bila nijedna slobodna soba u
u hotelu. hotelu.
Bilo je samo jedno skretenje s puta.
Bio je samo jedan dobar prelaz preko
granice.
Bila je samo jedna benzinska pumpa
u tom delu grada.
529

With Mass Nouns
Bilo je tople kafe. Nije bilo tople kafe.

Bilo je kafe.
Bilo je dovoljno tople kafe.
Bilo je mnogo tople kafe.
(Question: Da li je bilo tople ka~e?)
Bilo je crnog hleba u restoranu.

,
Bilo je vruce vode u kupatilu.
Bilo je toplog caja i kafe.
Bilo je teleeg mesa, mleka i hleba za veceru.
With Plural Nouns
Bile su jedne novine u sobi na krevetu. Nisu bile nijedne novine u sobi na
krevetu.
Bile su dvoje novine u sobi na krevetu.
Bilo je pet novina u sobi na krevetu.
Bilo je mnogo novina u sobi na krevetu.
Bilo je nekoliko novina u sobi na
krevetu.
Bila su jedna kola preko puta vae Nisu bila nijedna kola preko puta
kue. vae kue.
Bila su jedna vrata na kui s ulice. Nisu bila nijedna vrata na kui s
ulice.
Jovanu je bilo zao to ste imali
nesrean slucaj.
Njemu je bilo zao to ste imali
nesrean slucaj.
,
Bilo ~ je zao to ste imali nesrecan
slucaj.
Zora moj brat moja sestra moji roditelji g. i g-da Jovi Smitovi
GD 23.1.3 /ble/ tthere will bel
Bie jedan covek. Nee biti nijedan covek.
530

U hotelu e biti dva coveka.

Bie mnogo ljudi.
Bie pet ljudi.
,
(Question: Da li ce biti sveta?)
zena kelner dete gospodin soba gost
--- ---
Bie dobrih hotela. Nee biti dobrih hotela.
Tamo e biti dobrih hotela.
soba covek lekar radnik
, ,
U restoranu ce sigurno biti hladnog U restoranu nece biti hladnog piva.
piva.
Bie bar hladnog piva. Nee biti hladnog piva.
(Question: Da li e biti hladnog piva?)
vru caj hladna voda dobra kafa dobro mleko
Jovanu e biti milo to ete doi. Jovanu e biti zao to neete doi.
Bie mu milo to ete doi. Bie mu zao to neete doi.
Njemu e biti milo to ete doi. Njemu e biti zao to neete doi.
majka moji roditelji g. i g-da Jovanovi

otac na gost moji prijatelji Jugosloveni
GD 23.1.4 /treba/
Impersonal Use - Bezlicna upotreba
The following substitution drill has, where possible (except for the first
person singular) a negative transform using /gledati/. The final change of the
sentence is a transform into the reflexive. The first sentence is given as a
sample of the possible substitutions and transforms. Note that in the negative
transforms imperfective verbs are used after /treba/.
531

Sample pattern
Treba videti Sabornu crkvu. Ne treba gledati Sabornu crkvu.

(ja) Treba da vidim Sabornu crkvu.
(ti) Treba da vidi Sabornu crkvu. Ne treba da gleda Sabornu crkvu.
on On treba da vidi Sabornu crkvu. On ne treba da gleda Sabornu crkvu.
(mi) Treba da vidimo Sabornu crkvu. Ne treba da gledamo Sabornu crkvu.
(vi) Treba da vidite Sabornu crkvu. Ne treba da gledate Sabornu crkvu.
oni Oni treba da vide Sabornu Oni ne treba da gledaju Sabornu
crkvu. crkvu.
Treba da se vidi Saborna Ne treba da se gleda Saborna crkvu.
crkvu.
Further Sentences for the above drill: For each of the following sentences
the instructor should select some substitutions from the above pattern, giving
cues (Ijal, Ioni, etc.) to the students in turn.
Jovan treba da nauci novu lekciju. Jovan ne treba da uci novu lekciju. On
,
vec zna tu lekciju.
Vi treba da donesete prtljag sa Vi ne treba da donosite prtljag sa
stanice. stanice. Va prtljag je ve donet.
Zora treba da izvesti Jovie da se Zora ne treba da izvetava Jovie. Oni
dete razbolelo. znaju da se dete razbolelo.
Oni treba da izau negde van grada. Oni ne treba da izlaze nigde. Vreme je
ravo.
Treba da promeni~ hotel. Ne treba da menjamo hotel.

Oni treba da plate sobu do 12. Oni ne treba da plaaju sobu pre 12.
Treba kazati Jovanu da doe do 8. Ne treba govoriti nita Jovanu. On e
doi na vreme.
Neko treba da otvori vrata Jovanu. Niko ne treba da otvara vrata Jovanu.
On ima svoj klju. key
Zora treba da zatvori prozor. Zora ne treba da zatvara prozor. Napolju
Napolju pada kia. ne pada kia.
Treba odmah da ~ napie pismo Ne treba odmah da se pie pismo. Ja
roditeljima. sam govorio s majkom telefonom.
Zora treba da vam pokaze Narodni Zora ne treba da nam pokazuje Narodni
,
muzej. muzej. Mi smo vec bili u muzeju.
Vi treba da se spremite za pozorite. Vi ne treba da se spremate za
pozorite. Neemo ii.
532

Personal Use - Upotreba glagola sa predmetom
(ja) Treba mi jedna velika i lepa soba.

l 2
(ja) Trebaju mi dve velike i lepe sobe.
(ja) Treba mi pet velikih i lepih soba.
(ti) Treba ~ jedna velika i lepa soba.
(on) Treba ~ jedna velika i lepa soba.
(ona) Treba ~ jedna velika i lepa soba.
(mi) Treba nam jedna velika i lepa soba.
(vi) Treba vam jedna velika i lepa soba.
(oni) Treba im jedna velika i lepa soba.
eue l 2
Forms used mali auto
(ja) meni, mi caa hladne vode
(ti) tebi, ti jedna olovka
(on) njemu, mu jedan koverat sa hartijom
(ona) noj, joj jedno obavetenje
(mi) nama, nam jedna udobna stolica
(vi) vama, vam stan od tri sobe sa kupatilom
(oni) njima, im kua u predgrau grada Ina periferiji
Trebaju mi jedna mala kola. 2a

l 2a velika i jaka kola
dananje novine - today ts newspaper
ciste pantalone - clean trousers
ciste cipele - clean shoes
ciste carape - clean sacks
Treba mi vrue vode. 2b

l 2b benzin pisai materijal
mleko koverat i hartija
kafa hladno pivo
hartija telee meso
hleb belo vino
novac
533

Treba mi posao. 2c
l 2c
paso~
jedan dobar radnik

Jovanova pomo
broj va~e kue
broj Smitovog telefona
GD 23.2 Model Transform Drill

GD 23.2.1 The following model drills the transform from the transitive use of
limal to the intransitive. This transform is to be drilled with 2 J 5 and
Imnogo/. The transforms below are to be drilled with the same substitutions.
Varo~ ima jednu lepu ulicu. Ima jedna lepa ulica u varo~i.
Varo~ ima dve lepe ulice. Imaju dve lepe ulice u varo~i.
Varo~ ima 5 lepih ulica. Ima pet lepih ulica u varo~i.
Sentences for the abvoe drill:
Oni imaju jednog gosta iz Francuske. Ima jedan gost iz Francuske kod njih.
Ovaj grad ima jednu dobro snabdevenu Ima jedna dobro snabdevena robna kua
robnu kuu. u ovom gradu.
Moj hotel ima dobrog portira. Ima dobar portir u mom hotelu.
Moja soba ima stoJ stolicu i ogledalo. U mojoj sobi imaju stoJ stolica i
ogledalo.
GD 23.2.2 The following model drills the transform from present limal to
past /bio/ (etc.)J with substitutions.
Ima jedan ovek u ekaonici. Bio je jedan ovek u ekaonici.
Ima dva oveka u ekaonici. Bila su dva oveka u ekaonici.
Ima pet ljudi u cekaonici. Bilo je pet ljudi u cekaonici.

Ima ljudi u ekaonici. Bilo je ljudi u ekaonici.
Ima mnogo ljudi u ekaonici. Bilo je mnogo ljudi u ekaonici.
Ima jedna dobra papirnica u ovom Bila je jedna dobra papirnica u ovom
delu grada. delu grada.
Ima jedno lepo selo u okolini. Bilo je jedno lepo selo u okolini.
534

GD 23.2.3 The following model drills the transform from impersonal past /bilo/
to future /bie/ - /e biti/, with substitutions.
Joviima je bilo zao to niste doli Joviima e biti zao to neete doi
kod njih. kod njih.
Bilo im je ao to niste doli kod Bie im ao to niste doli kod njih.
njih.
Njima je bilo zao to niste doli Njima e biti zao to niste doli kod
kod njih. njih.
Mom ocu je bilo prijatno to ste Mom ocu e biti prijatno to ete odsesti
odseli kod nas. kod nas.
Jovanu je bilo zao to niste ostali Jovanu e biti zao to neete ostati
due kod njega. duze kod njega.
G. Joviu je bilo milo to se upoznao G. Joviu e biti milo da se upozna
s vama. s vama.
GD 23.2.4 The following model drills the transform from impersonal /trebalo/
to personal, with substitutions of person.
Trebalo je da uzmem taksi. Trebao sam da uzmem taksi. /uzeti

Trebalo je da uzme taksi.
Trebalo je da uzme taksi.
Trebalo je da uzme!!!2. taks i
Trebalo je da uzmete taksi.
Trebalo je da uzmu taksi.
(Question: Da li ste uzeli taksi?)

Sentences for the above drill: Follow the instruction in GD 23.1.4
Trebalo je da ~ promeni novac Jovan je trebao da promeni novac jue.

/promijeniti
jue.
Trebalo je da donesete prtljag jue Trebali ste da donesete prtljag jue
sa zeleznike stanice. sa zeleznike stanice. /donijeti

Trebalo je da se spremi~ za Trebali smo da se spremimo za pozorite
pozorite na vreme. na vreme. Ise spremiti
Trebalo je da nosa unese prtljag u Nosa je trebao da unese prtljag u voz
voz, a ne vi. a ne vi. /unijeti
535

Taman je trebalo da poe~, a dete Taman smo trebali da poemo, a dete se

se razbolelo. razbolelo. /poi
Trebalo je da izvesti~ Jovie da ne Trebao sam da izvestim Jovie da ne
mozerno doi. mozerno doi. /izvijestiti

GD 23.3.1 Questions with /ima/, /bilo je/ and /bie/
Koliko ima dobro snabdevenih radnji? Ima samo jedna dobro snabdevena radnja.
Koliko je bilo dobro snabdevenih Bilo je nekoliko dobro snabdevenih
radnji? radnji.
Da li ima dobro snabdevenih radnji? Da, ima.
Ne, nema.
Da, ima dobro snabdevenih radnji.
Ne, na zalost nema dobro snabdevenih
radnji.
Da li je bilo dobro snabdevenih Da, bilo je.

radnji? Ne, nije bilo.
Da, bilo je dobro snabdevenih radnji.
Ne, nije bilo dobro snabdevenih radnji.
" biti dobro snabdevenih

Da li ce Da, bie.
radnji? " biti.
Ne, nece
Naravno, bie dobro snabdevenih radnji.
Nije sigurno da e biti dobro snabdevevih
radnji.
Substitutions:
gost deca dobar lekar dobro ureen park benzinska pumpa
Da li ima aja? Da, ima.

Ne, nema.
Da, ima caja.
Ne, nema caja.
Da li je bilo aja? Da, bilo je.

Ne, nije bilo.
Da, bilo je aja.
Ne, nije bilo aja.
536

_______________
B_A_S_IC_C_O_U_R_S_E U_N_I_T_ 2 3
Hoe li biti aja? Da, hoe.

,
Ne, nece.
Da, bie aja.
,
Ne, nece biti aja.
Substitutions:
mleko benzin hartija topla voda meso

,
hladno pivo posao roba vruca kafa crni hleb
Bili smo na prijemu kod Jovia. Da li ste bili na prijemu kod Jovia?
Bilo je vrlo lepo. Kako je bilo?
Nije bilo nita naroito.
Divno smo se proveli. Kako ste se proveli?
Bilo je puno gostiju. Da li je bilo puno gostiju?
Svi su bili poznati. Da li je bilo nepoznatih gostiju?
Bilo je nae staro drutvo. Da li je bio neko nepoznat?
Bilo je nepoznatih gostiju.
Bili su njihovi prijatelji iz Ko je bio?
Splita.
Mislim da ih vi ne poznajete. Da li ih ja poznajem?
Oni se zovu g. i g-a imi. Oni Kako se oni zovu? Da li su to mladi
su mladi ljudi, i vrlo lepo ljudi?
izgledaju.
Ja sam se upoznao s njima. Da li ste se upoznali s njima?
Sreo sam se s jednim starim Da li je bio jo neko?
prijateljem.
Veera je bila vrlo lepa. To je Kakva je bila veera?
u stvari bio bife.
Sve je bilo vrlo lepo spremljeno. Kako je bilo spremljeno?
I mi smo bili pozvani. Da li ste vi bili pozvani?
Na sin se razboleo i to nas je Zato nis te doli. ta vas j e spreilo
spreilo da doemo. da doete?
Odmah smo pozvali lekara. Da li ste zvali lekara?

/Nismo zvali lekara.
Lekar je kazao da nije nita ta je kazao lekar?
ozbiljno.
On je iznenada dobio temperaturu. Da li je imao temperaturu?
537

v
Pokvario je stomak. Sta je bilo? Od ega je dobio
temperaturu.
Jovii su vas oekivali da doete. Da li su nas Jovii oekivali?
Pitali su nas ta je s vama.
U onoj zabuni zaboravili smo da Zato niste nita javili?
izvestirno da ne moemo doi.
Oni su se naljutili na vas. Da li su se naljutili na nas?
Oni se nisu naljutili na vas.
Oni su ljuti na vas. Da li su oni ljuti na nas?
Oni nisu ljuti na vas.

GD 23.5.1 A B
Traio sam vas danas poslije podne ao mi je, ali poslije podne nisam
u uredu. dolazio u ured.
Gdje ste proveli poslije podne? Prvo sam iao na kolodvor da vidim da
li su stigle nae stvari.
Sad se ba vraam sa kolodvora.
to su vam kazali? Kazali su mi da su stvari tu ve tri
dana.
Zar vas nisu nita obavijestiIiI Nisu. Moete misliti koliko sam bio
o tome? ljut zbog toga.
Da li moete bar odmah dobiti stvari. Ne, inovnik kae da ne moemo dobiti
stvari dok se ne izvri carinski
pregled.
Koliko e to trajati? Oni kau da se to vri brzo.
Vi im morate kazati da ivite sa Tako sam i uradio.
obitelji u hotelu i da vam stvari
hitno trebaju.
Jeste li promijenili novac? Jesam, ali ne znam da li e mi sad
biti dovoljno.
Mislim da se danas mijenja novac u Vidjeti u, hvala to ste me obavijestili.
ambasadi. Zato ne vidite?
Nema na emu.
l
/obavijestiti/ Ito inform'
538

Tpa~Ho cav Bac ~aHac noc~e nOAHe Y ~ao MH je, a~H noc~e nOAHe HHcaM A0JIa3HO
KaHI:(eJIapHjH. y KaHr(eJIapHjy.
rAe cTe npOBe~H noc~e nOAHe? npBO cav Hmao Ha ~e~e3HH'IKY cTaHHr(y Aa
SHAHM Aa ~ cy CTHr~e Bame cTBapH.
CaA ce 6am spahaM ca cTaHHr(e.
Ka3a~ cy MH Aa cy cTBapH TY Beh TpH
~aHa.
3ap Bac HHCy RHmTa H3BeCTH~ o TOMe?! HHcy. MOEeTe MHC~HTH KO~KO caM 6HO
.byT 360r Tora.
~a ~ Mo~eTe 6ap OAMax Aa A06HjeTe He, 'IHHOBHHK KaEe Aa He MozeMO Ao6HTH
cTBapH. cTBapH AOK ce He H3BpmH I:(apHHCRH
nper~eA.
KO~KO he TO Aa Tpaje? OHH KaEy Aa ce TO BpmH 6p30.
BH Tpe6a Aa HM Ka~eTe Aa ZHBHTe y TaKO caM H ypaAHO.

xOTe~ c nopOAHr(OM H Aa BaM cTsapH
XHTHO Tpe6ajy.
JeCTe npOMeHH~ Hosar(? JecaM, a~H Be 3HaM Aa ~ he MH C&A 6HTH
AOBO.IJHO.
MHC~M Aa ce AaHac veHa HOBar( y BHAehy, xsaJIa Ha 06aBemTe~.
aM6acaAH. 3amTO He BHAHTe?

HeMa Ha 'IeMy.
GD 23.5.2
Hoete li ii veceras u kazalite? Na alost neemo.
Kako? Zar vi niste uzeli karte za Jesmo, ali ne moemo ii. Na sin se
veceras? juce razbolio.
to mu je bilo. Nije valjda nita Jo nije sigurno da li je i koliko
ozbiljno? ozbiljno. Jue je imao visoku
temperaturu.
to kaze lijecnik? Ljekar misli da nije nita opasno.
Od ega je dobio temperaturu? Od stomaka. Danas nema vruice, ali
ne moemo ii nigdje.
To je razumljivo. ta ste radili Daemo ih naim prijateljima Joviima.
s kartama? ena je to ve uredila sa gospoom
Jovi.
Jeste bili kod njih jue? Nismo. Mali nam je pokvario cijelu
vecer.
539

Ni mi nismo bili. Mi smo bili zauzeti.
XoheTe ~ HhR Be~epac y n030pHmTe? Ha ~a~OCT HeheMO.

KaKo? 3ap BR HRcTe Y3e~ KapTe 3a JeCMO, a~ He Mo~eMO HhH. Ham CHH ce
Be~epac? jy~e pa36o~eo.
WTa My je 6HJIO? Jom HHje cHrypHo Aa JIH je H KO~HKO

036l!.IlHO? 036H.IlHO. Jy~e je HKao BeAHKY
TeMnepaTypy.
~eKap MHC~ ~a HHje HHmTa onaCHO.
O~ ~era je ~06HO TeMnepaTYPY? OA cTOMaKa. ~aHac HeMa TevoepaTypy, a~
He Mo_eMO HHrAe HhR.

To je pa3YV.IlHBO. lliTa CTe paAHJIH C ~aheMo HX RamHU npujaTe.llHMa JOBHhHMa.
Ka PTa Jola ? ~eHa je TO Beh ypeAH~ ca rocnO~OK
JOBHh.
JeCTe 6H~H KOA HMX jy~e? RHCMO. MaJI~ HaK je nOKBapHO ue~o Be~e.
HH KH RHcMO 6H~. MH CilO 6H~ 3aY3eTH.
GD 23.5.3
Molim vas, gospoo Jovi, izvinite Mi smo vas oekivali i bilo nam je ao
nas to jue nismo doli. to niste doli.
I nama je bilo ao, ali nismo mogli, Ja sam otprilike znala da vas je neto
iako smo eljeli da doemo. sprijeilo da doete.
Mali se razbolio. Kad je trebalo da Nadam se da nije neto oZbiljno. Jeste

poemo, on je dobio visoku tempera- li zvali lijecnika?
turu.
Jesmo. Uplaili smo se zbog tempera- to je kazao lijenik?
ture. Moj mu je odmah otiao po
lijenika.
Lijenik kae da nije nita opasno. Hvala Bogu, kad nije nita ozbiljno.
Izgleda da je pokvario stomak. Mi emo se vidjeti drugi put.
Sve se deailo tako iznenada, da vas Tako je gospoo sa djecom. Njima se
u onoj zabuni nisam ni obavijestila uvijek neto neocekivano dogodi.
da ne moemo doi.
Molim, izvinite me. Ne treba nita da se izvinjava te. I ja
sam majka i znam kako je kad se dijete
razboli. Hvala Bogu da mu je dobro.
Hvala vam. Do vienja. Do vienja.
540

MO~M Bac, rocno~o JOBHh, Aa Hac MH CMO Bac O'leKHBa~ H 6HJIO HaM je 3:8.0
H3BHHHTe mTO jy~e HHCKO AOW~. WTO HHcTe AOlliJIH.
H Halla je 6HJIO DO, aJnf HHCIfO 1f0rJm, Ja caM OTopH~Ke 3Ha~ Aa Bac je HelliTO
HaKO CMO ~eJIe~H Aa A0ge1l0. Cnpe'lHJIO Aa AogeTe.
MaJIH ce pa360JIeo. RaA je Tpe6aJIo Aa HaAaM ce Aa HHje HemTO 036H~HO. JecTe
no~eMO, OH je A06HO BeJIHKy TeMnepa- 3BaJIH JIeRapa ?
Typy.
JeCKO. YnAalliHJIH CliO ce 360r TeMoepa- lliTa je Kasao JIeKSp?
Type. Moj MY~ je OAKax OTHwao oo
JIeKapa
~eKap Ka~e Aa HHje HHlliTa onaCHO. XBa~ Bory, KaA HHje HHlliTa o36H~HO.
M3rJIeAa Aa je nOKBapHo cTOMaK. MH heKo ce BHAeTH ApyrH OyT.
CBe ce AeCHJIO TaKO H3HeHaAa, Aa Bac TaKO je rocno90 ca AeuoM. RHMa ce
y OHoj 3a6yHH HHcaM HH H3BeCTHJIa yBeK HeWTO HeO'leKHBaHO AecH.
Aa He Mo~eMO AohH.
MOJIHIf Bac Aa Me H3BHHHTe. He TpeOa HHlliTa Aa ce H3BHHBB8T8. H ja
caK MajKa H 3HaM KaKO je KaA ce AeTe
P8360JIH. XB8Aa Bory Aa My je A06po.
lJ.o BHgeHa.

l. Change the first five sentences, using limal in its intransitive use.
Change the last five from affirmative to negative.
l. Imam jednu veliku tekou.

2. Na hotel ima dobre sobe i krevete.
3. Ovaj grad ima tri benzinske stanice.
4. Moja soba ima dvoja vrata.
5. Nae selo ima samo jedan telefon.
6. Treba svriti danas ovaj posao.
7. Treba da izvestite Jovie da se dete razbolelo i da ne moemo doi.
8. On treba da pozove Jovana i da mu kae u cemu je stvar.
9. Vi treba da cUjete ta Jovan kaze.
la. Treba uzeti taksi. Naa kola su pokvarena.
2. Change the reSUlting intransitive sentences l - 5 to the past. Change the

(original) affirmative 6 - la to the past.
541

UNIT 24
Reading Selection - tivo za itanje

Letters from John - The Market Place
Jovanova pisma - Pijaca
llparR npHjaTe~y,
OB~e
UMa ~OBO~HO CBeser nOBpha R BOha y A06a ce30He. 060je cy Ao6por RBaAH-
TeTa R npoAajy ce Ha nujaQR. OA nOBpha RMa: 60paHuje, rpamxa, KpovnRpa, nacy~,
3e~eHe ca~Te RTA. OA Boha RMa, pa3HHX BpCTa ja6YRa B KpymaRa, ~BBa, jaroAa,
Ma~RHa B KynRHa. CKOpO csaKB Aeo rpa~a BMa csojy nRjany. r~BHR npOR3Bo~a~R cy
jom yseR ce~UR. OHR AH~HO npoAajy cBoje npOB3s0Ae. OSAe ce ynoTpe6~Bajy Me-
TapCRe Mepe R CBe ce npoAaje u Mepu Ha KR~orpaM R ARTap.
CaAa ce oTBapajy R paAHe ca caMonoc~rOM. Y HaMa ce npoAajy CBe BpcTe ZR-

BOTHRX HaMRpHRua, YK~y~yjYhB: nRpRHa~, mehep, co, Ka~y, ROH3epBe, jyZHo BOhe
RTA. rAaBHR cHa6AeBa~R TaKBRX paA~ cy no~onpHBpeAHa A06pa R npexpaH6eHa RHAY-
cTpRja.
~eco u x~e6 cy r~BHa xpaHa, a r~BHO nUhe Ka~, ~HBOBR~ u BHHO. r~aBHo
Meco je CBH~KO. Te~eTHHa je HajcRyn~, a jarHeTRHa B rOBe~RHa cy Rajje~THHRje.
PB6e HeMa AOBO.IIHO, R3Y3eB y npBMopCKRIl Kpa jeBBMa. HeMa OCKYAHue Y xpaHR HH y
TeKcTH~Hoj p06u, a~R 6poj npOAaSHHua je HeAOBO~R. Be~HKa cpeACTBa ce Tpome
Aa ce oBaj HeAocTaTaK OTK~OHR R Aa nOTpOmaqR He ry6e 360r Tora BpeMe. KO~RKO
ce y TOMe ycne~o He 3Hall.
npHMRTe MHoro cpAa~HRX n03ApaBa OA Hac CBHjy
Bam npRjaTe~,
ijOB
Dragi prijatelju,
Ovde ima dovoljno svjeeg povra i voa u doba sezone. Oboje su

dobre kakvoe i prodaju se na trnici. Od povra ima: mahuna, gra~ka,
krumpira, pasulja, zelene salate itd. Od voa ima, raznih vrsta jabuka i
kruaka, ljiva, jagoda, malina i kupina. Skoro svaki dio grada ima svoju
trnicu. Glavni proizvoai su jo uvijek selJaci.Oni lino prodaju svoje
proizvode. Ovdje se upotrebljavaju metarske mjere, i sve se prodaje i mjeri na
kilogram i 11 tar.
Sada se otvaraju i radnje sa samoposluivanjem. U njima se prodaju sve

vrste ivenih namirnica, UkljUUjui: rizu, eer, so, kavu, juno voe,
konzerve itd. Glavni dobavljai trgOVinskih radnji jesu poljoprivredna dobra
i prehranbena industrija.

Meso i kruh glavna su hrana, a glavno pie jest ljivovica i vino. Teletina
je najskuplja, a janjetina 1 govedina su najjeftinije. Ribe nema dovoljno,
osim u primorskim krajevima. Nema oskudice u hrani ni u tekstilnoj robi, ali je broj
prodavaonica nedovoljan. Zato se troe velika sredstva da se ovaj nedostatak
ukloni i da potro~ai ne gube zbog toga vremena. Koliko se u tome uspjelo, ne
znam.
Primite mnogo srda~nih pozdrava od sViju nas.
Va prijatelj
D~on
Basic Sentences - Osnovne re~enice
, ,
vegetable, vegetables povrce nOBphe
, ,
fruit, fruits voce Bohe
season sez6na ce30Ha "
I I j
There are plenty of fresh bvdje Ima dovoljno OB~e HMa ~OBO~HO CBeEe~
vegetables and fruits
here in season.
I
svje~eg
I '
povrca i nOBpha H BOha1y ~t6a
" f.L
voca u doba sezon~.
' '"
ce30He.-
both oboje o6oje
quality kvalitet /kakvoa
Both are of good quality bboj e su do bre 060je cy ,

Ao6po~ KBa~HTeTa " I
and are sold on the
kakvoce
, , \ I
i prodaju
,
H npoAsjy ce Ha nHjaQH.
,
market-place.
se na tr~nici.
string beans mahune pl. f.
peas "
:rpamSK "
:rpal1IKa
potatoes krUmpIr G KpOMnHpa "

krumpIra
beans pasUlj G pasUlja "
nacy..69.
543

, , ,
green zelen, zelena, 3e~eH, -eHa, -eHO;
zeleno, zeleni;, "
3e~eHH, -a, -o
-a, -o
,
salad salata CaJUlTa
lettuce z~lena sal~ta
rarther, rurther dalji, -a, -e
etc. itd. (i tako

dalje)
or vegetables there are:

,
Od povrca ima:
, I ,
OA nOBpha HMa:
,
string beans, peas,
potatoes, beans, lettuce, mahuna, gr~ka,
etc. , ,
krumpIra, pasUlja, KpOMnHpa, naeYAa,
I
zelene salate itd.
, I I "- ,
3e~eHe
'" _I HTA.
ea~aTe
l"
, , ~ "
various razan, razna, -o pa3aH, pa3Ha, -O
kind, species, brand, vf.sta B~CTa

sort
apple, apple-tree jabuka
pear, pear-tree kruka "

KpyU1Ka
plum, plum-tree ljiva "

lJLbHBa
strawberry jagoda
,
raspberry malina Ma~HHS
blackberry kupina
I" l , , , J.
or rruits there are various Od voca ima, raznih OA BOha HMa, PS3HHX
kinds of apples and pears,
plums, strawberries, v~sta jabuka, kru- B~eTa ja6YRS, KPY-
raspberries and black-
berries. aka, ljIva, jagoda,
, I ,
malina i kupina. Ma~HaIH KYnHHa.
Almost every part of town

CKOpO l
enaKH I
Aeo "I
rpaAa
has its own market. , I ~Ma eB~jy n~jauy.
l I
grada ima svoju
trnicu.
producer proizvoda G npOH3B;~a'l

proizvo~a npOIf3BO~kqa
peasant
544

~
pl. Selj~ci Ce.haUH
The main producers are Glavni proizvod~i su r~BHH npoH3Bo~k~H Cyl

still, the peasants. I ,
jo uvijek selj~ci. jom yseK ce.l>liUH.
...
personally llno JlHllHO
,
product, produce proizvod npOH3BO,lt
They themselves sell their '

bni l l eno prodaju I OHH
..
JlH~HO

npoAajy csoje
I I
own produce. I , ,
svoje proizvode. npoH3soAe.
to use upotreblj~vati, ynOTpe6..1ll!saTH,

upotr~bljlivlim ynoTpe6.M:saM
measurement mjera Mepa

.
The metric system is used bvdje se upotreblj~vaju OSAe ce ynOTPe6~isajyl

here. J. ..
L '
metarske mjere. MeTapcKe Mepe.
to measure, weigh mjeriti, mjerIm

.
llepHTH, Mepih(
.
..
kilogram kllogram KHJlOI"paM
~ , ~ ~ /
liter litar, lItra / JIHTap, JIHTpa
llt~r
..
JlHTap
I I
I j. .. _I
And everything is sold I sve se prodaje i H cse ce npoAaje H MepH
~nd weighed by kilogram I I I I :.
and liter. mj~rI na kilogram Ha KHJIOI"paM H JlHTap.
i II tar.
I I
Supermarkets are also Sada se otvaraju 1
opening now. I ,
r~dnje sa samopos- ca caMonocJ!YI" OM.
luIvanjem.
pertaining to life, vital ivotnI, -a, -o
..
XHBOTHH, -a, -o
-
,
pertaining to food !venI, -a, -o )l(H Be >ICH H ,
,
-a, -o
victuals, foodstuff, na.mirnica /fve HaMHpHHua /)l(~Be>IC
food
or, Ivene
,
XHBOTHe HaMHpHHue
'
n~mirnice
All sorts of foodstuffs u njima se prodaju ce npoAajy

Y HHMa cBe
are sold in them. J
sve v~ste Ivenih spcTe :llCHBOTHHX
,
n~mirnIca. HaJlHpHHua.

to be including, to ukljuIvati, YK.6y"IH B8. TH,

include
ukljuuj~m YK.6YllYjeK
including ukljuuju:r
rice rIa OHPHH&"I, OHPHH"Ia
sugar eer m;hep

:.
co CO.1lH
..
salt 85 G soli I
solju f.
..
C0.6y
canned food konzerva Gpl.

,
KOH3epsa
-
konzervI
,
KOH3epBH - -
south jug jy!'
south, southern junI, -~, -0/ jYZHH,

.. -a, -0/
jUnI, -~, -o jYZHH, -a, -o
J.
tropical fruit jo.no voe jy:oo Bohe
I ,
ThereSs (there are includedt) Th se ukljuujU: rra Ty ce YX.6Y"Iyjy: DUPUH&"I,
rice, sugar, salt, coffee, ..
canned goods, tropical m;hep, co, Ka~,
fruit, etc. , , , _ J. ..
jUzno voce, KOH3epBe, jYEHO Bohe,
,.
konzerve, itd. HTA.
supplier snabdjeva, CHa6,D;~sa"l,

,
snabdjaV~Ca cHa6,D;esa"la
or, dobavlja:, ,D;06aB.lJi"l,,

dobavlj~a ,D;06&S.1>8 "la
,
such "
T8J<as, TaKsa, , -o
,
commercial trgovinskI, ~a, -~ TPJ10B8 'lK i , -ii , -o
...
agricultural poljoprivrednI, -a, 110.bOnpuBpe,nHH, -ii, -o
-o
farm, estate dobro ,D;~6pO
, .
state farm poljoprivredno DO.bOnpUSpeAl'tO ,n06po
dobro
food industries
I
prehranbena
npexpaa6eaa HHAycTpHja
industrija
J.'
The state farms and the Glavni dobavljai r~BaH cHa6AeS&'lH TaJ<BHX
food industry are the
main suppliers of such takvih trgovinskih
-
paA&H cy nO.bonpHSpeAaa
.
stores. riidnji'Jesu
546

, I
poljoprivredna dobra
i prehranbena HH,z&CTpH ja.
industrija.
food hr~na xpaHa
drink, beverage pIe niha

,
plum brandy, ljivovica ljivovica JJJ.hHBOBHU8
J. , ,_
Meat and bread are major M~so i krUh I glavna su Meco H x~e6 cy rAaBBa
food[s], and the main , I ~, I J.
xpaHa, a
'J.
r~aSHO nHhe
drink[s] coffee, hrana, a glavno plce
ljivovica and wine. I
jest ljivovica i vIno.
'lit t, Ka~, ~HBOBHua'H SiBO.
pertaining to pork svinjskI, -a, -o , - - -
CBHlIlCKH, -a, -o
,
pork svinjetina CBHH:eTHHa
Pork is the main meat. Svinjetina je gl~vno , _..l

r~8BHO Meco je " CBH~KO.
I
meso.
,
veal TeJIeTHH8
, I - ,_
the most expensive najskupljI, -a, HajcKYn~H, -a, -6
-e
lamb janjetina jarH:eTHHa
beef govedina r~Be~HHa
the cheapest .:
Hajje<pTHHHjH, -a, -e '- - -
-e
" I, I
# I _'
Veal is the most expensive, Teletina je najskuplja, Te~eTHHa je HajcKyn~,
and lamb and beef are the I
cheapest. a janjetina i a jarHeTHH8 H rOBe~HHa
'"
govedina su I
J.
cy Hajjeq,THHHje.
,
na.jjeftlnije.
except (with G) izuzev

,
H3Y3eB /
-
or, (with G) osim
coastal primorskI, -a, -o npiMopCKH, -a, -o
fish riba pH6a

J.
There isn1t enough fish, Ribe n~ma dOvoljno, PH6e HeMa AOBO~HO, H3yaeB
except in the coastal
..L '
regions. osim u primorskim y npBKopcKHM KpajesHMa.
547

krajevima.
,
shortage oskudica OCKYAHIJa
textile teksttIni, -a, "

TeKcTH~H,
- .. -a,
- -o
-o
, I
There are no shortages of N~ma oskudice u hrani
food or textiles.
ni u tekstilnoj robi.
sales outlet prodava5na ,

np0,ZJ;aBHH~
-
I J, _
Only the number of sales Samo je br5j pro- CaMO je 6poj npo,ZJ;aBHHQa
outlets is inadequate. I
dava5na nedovoljan. "
He,ZJ;OBO.l>8.H. -
consumer potroa,
potro!fa
to lose gubiti, gubim

I
The consumers lose time Zbog toga potro!fi
because of this.
-
BpeMe.
to spend, to consume troiti, troIm

,
TpomHTH, TpOWHM
, -
lack, shortcoming, nedostlitak G He,Zl;OCTaTaK
drawback nedost~tka pl He,ZJ;OCTaTKa
nedost~ci He,ZJ;OCTaUH
,
to remove otkloniti, da OTKJIOHHTH, ,ZI;a
otklonim
,
OTKJIOHHM
-
,
or, ukloniti, da yKJIOHHTH, Aa
uklonIm
,
yKJIOHHM
-
I I I I
For that reason great zato se troe velika 3aTo ce Tpome BeJIHKa
efforts are being made , I
(fmeans are spent l ) to sredstva, da se cpeAcTBa, Aa ce oaaj
remove this drawback. I J , _
ovaj nedosttak He~ocTaTaK OTKJIOHH~
uklonI.
to succeed uspjeti, da
, '- -
ycneTH, Aa ycnew
uspij~m
J I
How well they have suc- Koliko se u tame KOJIHKO ce y TOMe ycneJIo,
ceeded in this IdonIt ...
I ,
know. uspjelo, ne znam. He 3H&M.
greeting pozdr~v
...
n03ApaB
-
548

J I I
Very best wishes from all PrImite mnogo s~dacnih ITpHwHTe WHoro Cp~aqHHX
of us. I
pozdrava od svfju n03~paBalo~ H:C CBHjy.
!.
nas.
Grammatical Notes
Note 24.1 Verb: Use of /se/ with verb; Reflexive verbs

Note 24.1.1 Constructions with /se/
Oboje su dobrog kvaliteta i prodaju se na pijaci.

Sada se otvaraju i radnje sa samoposlugom.
U njima se prodaju sve vrste zivotnih namirnica.
Velika sredstva se troe da se ovaj nedostatak otkloni.
/se/ generally refers back to the subject of the verb. If the verb is
a transitive one, which may take an object, /se/ is the object of the action.
At the same time it refers to the subject of the verb. All of the verbs with
/se/ in the above examples are transitive. Used without /se/ the subject lacts'
upon some other party. Used with /se/ the action is directed to the subject.
/oboje se prodaju/ indicates that selling is done with reference to the subject,
/oboje/. It might be literally translated 'both sell themselves'. It means
'both are sold'. Compare the non-reflexive and reflexive meanings of the verbs
involved:
,
prodavati to be selling prod~vati se to be (being) sold
otv~rati to be opening otv~rati se to be opening (of
(something) oneself)
troiti to be spending, troiti se to be being spent,
consuming consumed
Where the plain verb is transitive, as here, the reflexive may correspond to an
English passive (Ito be being soldl) or to an intransitive (Ito be opening' as
in Ithe door is openingl).

Compare also:
Pije se kafa. Meni se pije kafa.
The first example is clear, 'coffee is drunk' or 'coffee is being drunk'. In

the second example the dative Imenil indicates the person who is concerned with
drinking coffee. The meaning is 'I feel like drinKing coffee' or 'lim in the
mood for a cup of coffee'.
Some other examples of reflexives are:
To se obieno deava zimi. Ne, ne seam je se.

Pa kako se vama i vaima dopada Zato se ne sluzite eee gradskim
Beograd? prevoznim sredstvima?
Zar se vi ne seate nje? Zato to imam kola i sluzim se njima.
The first example is of a verb which is always used with Ise/. The meaning
'happens l shows that the subject is concerned in the action. It shows the in-
volvement of the sUbject, without the sUbject being the one on whom the action
is taken. This is sometimes referred to as 'middle' as opposed to 'active' and
'passive'. Another good example of a 'middle' meaning is laliti sei Ito com-
plain' (/alitil 'to be sorry for'). The second example illustrates the use of
the dative with a reflexive. The word in the dative indicates the person or
persons concerned.
Subject Person Concerned Reflexive Verb
Beograd mi se dopada
The next two examples showa reflexive verb (/seati/, which is always used with
Ise/) with the genitive indicating the object of the action.
Subject Ref'lexlve Negative Verb Object
vi se ne seate nje
Another verb accompanied by the genitive is /bojati sei 'to be af'raid of':
/bojim se togal II'm afraid of that'. The last two examples show the reflexive
in a construction using the instrumental. The verb Isluziti sei Ito serve
oneself' is accompanied by the instrumental of the noun or pronoun indicating
the means by which one does so. 'Why donat you serve yourself more often by
means of' city transportationl? 'Because I have a car and serve myself by means
of it ('them!).1 The normal ~glish equivalent is luse'.
550

Note also the use of certain prepositions with given reflexive verbs:
nauiti se to get accustomed (to: Inal)

brinuti se to worry (about: Iza/)
Verbs which do not otherwise have direct objects may take Ise/. The
action, rather than the sUbject, is reflected. For example lidel 'hels going',
lide sei 'one goes l (that is, Igoing is donet). Compare:
Govori se da idete u Beograd. It's said (or, they say) that youIre
going to Belgrade.
Gleda se da se spase sve ~to se One sees to it that everything possible
is saved.
moze.
Ovde se prosi. ThereIs begging done here.
Treba da se izae negde ove We'll ('One willi) have to go out
somewhere this week.
nedelje.
Radi se o glavi. It's a matter of life or death.
(Iworks itself about a head l )
Reflexive verbs are often used in the third person singular with no sepa-
rate subject expressed, as in the above examples. In some cases the usage is
limpersonal, that is, a personal subject may not be added. lide sei Ione goes',
is such a construction, as are Iprosi sei, lizae sei, Iradi sei. In most
cases, however, a separate subject is possible. In the following examples a)
is impersonal, the verbs in b) sentences have a subject.
a. Ako se hoe, onda se moze. If one wishes, then one can.

b. to se hoe, to se moze. What is wished, is possible.
a. Tim putem se ne moze ii. It1s impossible to go by that road.

b. To se ne moze. Thatis impossible.
a. Razume se samo po sebi. It goes without saying. It1s self-

evident. (Iitis understood by itself
alonel)
b. Ona se u to razume. She's adept at that.
The past of the irnpersonal is the neuter /1/ participle plus /se/:
CUje se da idete u Beograd. I hear (or, it is rumored) that you're

going to Belgrade.
CUlo se da idete u Beograd. I heard (or, there was a rurnor) that
you were going to Belgrade.
551

In summary, some verbs are never used with Ise/; others are used only
with Isel (that is, are always reflexive); most verbs may occur with or without
Ise/o Whether a verb occurs as a reflexive, and how it is used, must be learned
as the verbs are learned and used. Reflexive verbs may correspond to:
l. a passive construction
Pisai materijal se prodaje u Stationery is sold in bookstores.
knjiarama.
2. a middle voice
Ja se brinem za njega. I'm worried about him.
Beograd mi se dopada. I like Belgrade.
3. an impersonal construction
Izlazi se. One goes out.
See also Note 25.1.2.
Note 24.1.2 Verb: Reflexive and Non-reflexive Verbs
The following list gives some idea of the variety of meanings carried by
reflexive verbs. Examples are occasionally given. Where the infinitives listed
do not normally occur (as such) with Isel, they are indicated by *. This means
that the third person singular with Isel is the form likely to be used. The
infinitive will occur as used in the formation of the future.
Plain Verb Reflexive Verb
to wait *ekati se to be waited for

eka: se one waits
Autobus e se ekati dugo. You will have to wait a long time

for bus.
Autobus se eka dugo. One must wait a long time for a bus.
itati to read *itati se to be read

ita se reading is done
Njegov rukopis se ita vrlo teko. His handwriting is very hard to

read.
On se ~ita vrlo teko. He is very hard to read.
552

cuti to hear *cuti se to be heard
uju se neki glasovi. Some voices are audible.

uli su se neki signali. Some signals were heard.
Dete se ne cUje. The child is quiet.
Odavde se nee nita ni cuti ni videti. Nothing will be either heard or
seen from here.
dati to give *dati se (with /na/:) apply oneself

to, submit to; (With Inel:) to
resist, withstand, to be prevented
from doing something
D: se zakljUciti. It can be concluded.

I ~
Ne da mi se lci. Ilm prevented from going.
I ,
Ne da se naci. He1s not to be found.
dobiti to receive *dobiti se to be obtained

/dobijati da se dobije
dobij~ se
Mogu da se dobiju. They may be obtained.

Dobija se u vremenu, ako put It can be obtained in time if the
road isn't bad.
nije rav.
d6i/dolaziti to come *d6i se one comes

dolazi se one is coming
Doi e se ka~no. Youill get there late. (Ione willI)

Doe se prvo u jednu veliku sobu. One comes first into a large room.
Dolazi se posle podne. People come in the afternoon.
Treba da se doe posle podne. You (IOnel) should come in the
afternoon.
doneti Id6nijeti to bring donese se to be brought

/donositi donosI se
dopasti (with A) to fall to dopasti se (With D) to be to onels
onels share liking, suit,
please
gledati to look gledati se to look at one
another
gleda se one sees to it
govoriti to speak govorI se it is said
553

gubiti to lose gubiti se to disappear

/izgubiti gubi se is lost
izgubiti se to be lost
to want *hteti se to be wanted
hoe se one wants (with
D: )
Njemu se tako hoe. He wants it that way.

Ako se hoe, onda se moze. If one wants, one can.
~to se hoe, to se moze. What is wished can be done.
ii to go one goes
ld~ se
Ii e se vozom. YouIll get there by train.
"" / izlci
izaci "" to go out da se {zae one goes out
/{zlaziti {zlazi se
Izlazi se svako vece. People go out every evening.

Treba da se izae negde ove We must go out somewhere this week.
nedelje.
izbei /izbjei to avoid izbei se to be avoided

/izbeg~vati iZbegavajii se are avoided
da se izbegnu to (that they) be
avoided
izvIniti to excuse izvIniti se to excuse oneself

/izvinj~vati izvinj~vati se
On se izvinjava. He begs to be excused.
j~viti to let know, j~viti se to report, inform,

to notify appear, write
/j~vljati j~vljati se greet
jesti to eat jesti se to be annoyed
jede se is eaten
554

On se ziv pojede. He is greatly annoyed.

Meso se jede svaki dan. Meat is eaten every day.
k~zati to say *k~zati se to be said

ka:e se it is said
Kako se to kaze na srpskom? How is that said in Serbian?

/hrvatskom? /Croatian?
lct1piti to buy *kUpiti se to be bought

m~njati /mijenjati to change m~njati se to change, be
exchange (TR) exchanged (INTR)
Novac se menja kod Putnika. Money is exchanged at Putnik.
misliti to think misliti se to wonder about,

to wonder what
to do
misli se it is thought
Mislio sam se ta da radim. I wondered what to do.
moi to be able *moi se to be possible

moe itJs possible moe se be possible
Tim putem se ne moe ii. Itls impossible to go by that road.

To se moze. ThatIs possible.
moliti to request, to moliti se to pray, say onels

pray (for prayers (with D:)
someone)
m5rati to have to *m5rati se
m5ra se it is necessary,
one must
Mora se imati recnik. One must have a dictionary.
to find n~i se to be located, be

a given position
to meet
nai se u to be in distress
nevolji
nai se nekome to help someone
u nevolji (D) in distress
555

napIsati to write *napIsati se to write to

satiety, write
to a point of
weariness
nauciti to teach(nekoga) nauciti se to get used to

learn (neto)
n~siti to carry, wear n~siti se to dress, to wear
(INTR) (see
also below)
Ovo se odelo nosi dobro. This suit wears well.

On se nosi po modi. He dresses well.
Nosi seJ Be off with you'
odmoriti to rest (TR) odmoriti se to get rested,

relax
/odrrirati
opraviti to repair opraviti se to be repaired
/opravljati
,
oprostiti to pardon, excuse, oprostiti se to say goodbye, to
forgive take leave
,
otvoriti to open (TR) *otvoriti se to open (INTR)
/otv~rati
pIsati to write *pIsati se to be written, to
write oneself
Ta se ree pie sa -a-o This word is written with tat.
pl~titi to pay *pl~titi se to be paid
Na to se mora platiti carina. Duty must be paid on that.
p6i to start off *p6l se

/polaziti polazI se one starts off
Treba da se poe. One must start off.
pojesti to eat up *pojesti se to be eaten up

pok.zati to show pok.zatl se to appear
Pokazalo se da . It turned out that .
556

poznati to recognize poznati se to be recognized

pozeniti to marry (sons) in poeniti se to get married in
turn their turn (of
man)
pr~tati to pardon, forgive pr~tati se to take leave, say
goodbye
praviti to make praviti se to pretend, to give
appearance of
Pravi se kao da ne urne da broji do 5. He looks as though he were too

dumb to be alive.
pr6i to go by *pr6i se to go for a walk

prodati to sell *prodati se to be sold
prom~niti to change, alter prom~niti se to change, to be
/promijeniti (TR) (INTR) changed
To se ne moze promeniti. It canlt be helped.
prositi to beg prosI se begging is done

provesti to take through, provesti se to enjoy oneself
spend time
Proveo sam se dobro. I had a nice time.
r~diti to work *r~diti se it is a question

of
Radi se o glavi. It1s a matter of life or death.
razumeti to understand razumeti se to understand one

/razumjeti another
razUme' se samo it1s self-evident
po sebi
r~iti to solve, settle r~iti se to make up onels
/rijeiti mind
sei Isjei to cut sei se to be cut
/presei to cut through, presei se to be cut through
/presjei to cut short
sluiti to serve sluiti se to employ, help
oneself
sluIte seI help yourself
spr~miti to prepare (TR) spr~miti se to get ready (INTR)
neto se sprema something is in
the wind
557

stajati to stand, stand to stop, to be

/stojati still standing
Na iduoj stanici e se stajati 15 minuta. At the next station [the train]

will stop for 15 minutes.
stli to arrive stl~~ se is arriving

/stlzati
Treba da se stigne . One is supposed to arr!ve
svr~titi to divert, drop in svratiti se to drop in, stop

off
to seek, look for tra.~:r se 'wanted'
mnogo se trai is much in demand
troiti to spend troiti se to be spent
/potroiti troi~ se one will be
spending
potroi~ se one will spend
uiti to teach, learn, uiti se to get used to
study
udati to marry (a girl), udati se to get married
give in marriage (girl)
un~ti junij eti to bring in Un~ti se to be brought in
/unositi
Treba da se unese. It ought to be brought in.
ustati to get up *ustati se

/ustajati ustaj~ se one gets up
Treba da se ustane. They ought to get up.
videti /vidj eti to see vid! se it is seen

Vidi se na prvi pogled. It is evident, seen at aglance.
vra.titi ti give back (TR) vr~titi se to return, come

back (INTR)
v~iti to perform vf.iti se to be performed
/izvf.iti to carry out izvf.iti se to be carried out,
done
558

zatvoriti to close zatvoriti se to close (of

oneself)
/zatvarati
znati to know *znati se to be known
zna. se of course, surely
zaliti to regret, deplore, zaliti se to complain, lodge
be sorry for a complaint
zeniti to marry (TR), eniti se to get married (man)
give in marriage (INTR)
Note 24.2 New Verbs
i I gubiti gubIm to lose

i p izgubiti da izgub!m
i I meriti mer!m to measure

/mjeriti /mjerIm
i P lzmeriti da lzmerIm
/lzmjeriti Ida izmjerim
i P otkloniti da otklonIm to remove

a I otklanjati otklanj~m
i P prImiti da prImIm to receive, accept

a I prImati prIm~m
i I troiti troIm to cost

i P potroiti da potroim
i P ukloniti da uklon!m to remove

a I uklanjati uklanjam
i p ukljUiti da ukljuIm to include

a/J~ I ukljuIvati ukljuujem
i P upotr~biti da upotrebim to use

a I upotrebljlivati upotrebljav~m
a/Je I /upotreljIvati upotrebljujem
V p uspeti da uspem to succeed

luspjeti Ida uspijem
,
a I usp~vati uspevam
/uspijevati luspljev~m
559

Grammatical Drill
GD 24.1 Use of /se/ with Verb - Learning Drill
Imperfective-Perfective transform drill with substitutions. For oral

drill, substitutions are cued in the margin.
U Jugoslaviji se pije kafa. Kafa treba da se popije.

ljivovica U Jugoslaviji se piju kafa, Kafa, ljivovica i vino treba
i vino
ljivovica i vino. da se popiju.
U Jugoslaviji se uvek pila Kafa se popila.

kafa.
caj Za veceru se pio caj. aj se popio za veceru.
ljivovica Za vec eru su se pili ljivovica i vino su se popili
i vino
lIjivovica i vino. za veceru.
,
Kafa ce se piti posle Kafa e se popiti za veeru.
vecere.
Za veceru e se piti kafa Kafa 1 oaj e se popiti za
i caj, ta ko hoe. veceru.
Za veceru se jede svinjsko Svinjsko meso treba da se pojede.

meso.
teletina i Za veceru se jedu teletina Teletina i govedina treba da se
govedina
i govedina. pojedu.
Za veceru se jela svinjetina. SVinjetina se pojela za veceru.

krompir Za veceru se jeo krompir. Krompir se pojeo za veceru.
telee meso Za veceru se jelo telee Telee meso se pojelo za veceru.
meso.
sa krompirom Za veeru se jelo telee Telee meso sa krompirom igrakom
igrakom su se pojeli za veceru.
meso sa krompirom i
grakom.
,
dva povrca Za veeru su se jeli telee Telee meso, povre i jagode su
i jagode
meso ., dva povra i se pojeli za veceru.
jagode.
560

Za veceru e se jesti Telee meso, krompir, salata 1

telee meso, krompir, kolaci e se pojesti za veceru.
salata ikolaci.
Jee se telee meso i POjee se telee meso i salata.
salata.
Krompir se kupuje na pijaci. Treba da se kupi krompir na

pijaci.
jabuke Jabuke se kupuju na pijaci. Treba da se kupe jabuke na pijaci.
,
boranija i Boranija i drugo povrce se Treba da se kupe boranlja i drugo
drugo povre ,
kupuju na pisaci. povrce na pijaci.
, , , ,
Sveze povrce ce se kupovati Sveze povrce ce se kupiti na
na pijaci. na pijaci.
, , ,
jabu1;e i drugo Jabuke i drugo voce Jabuke i drugo voce kupice se
voce
kupovae se na pijaci. na pijaci.
Mleko se donosi kui svakog Mleko treba da se donese ujutru.

jutra.
kifle Kifle se donose kui svakog Kifle treba da se donesu ujutru.
jutra.
Mleko se ranije donosilo Mleko se donelo kui.

kui.
kifle Kifle su se ranije donosile Kifle su se donele kui.
kui.
,
Mleko e se donositi kui. Mleko ce se doneti kui.
,
kifle Kifle e se donositi kui. Kifle ce se doneti kui.
Ovde se mnogo uci. Treba da se nauci domai

zadatak.
Ovde se ranije mnogo ucilo. Ovde se mnogo naucilo.
,
Ovde e se mnogo uciti. Ovde ce se mnogo nauciti.
Daje se jedan jugoslovenski Treba da se da neki jugoslovenski

film u bios kopu. film ubioskopu.
Daju se dva jugoslovenska Treba da se daju bar dva jugoslo-
filma ubioskopu. venska filma ubioskopu.

Juce se davao jedan jugo-

slovenski film.
Ovih dana su se davali ovde
neki jugoslovenski filmovi.
Sutra i prekustra e se Dae se samo jedan jugoslovenski

davati jedan jugoslo- film ove sezone.
venski film.
Dopada mi se Beograd. Ako mi se dopadne Beograd, osta-

u ovde jo deset dana.
Beograd i Dopadaju mi se Beograd i Ako mi se dopadnu Beograd i
Zagreb.
Zagreb. Zagre~ ostau ovde jo deset
dana.
GD 24.2 Use of Isel with Verb - Transform Drill
Follow the instructions given in GD 21.2, in addition to those bellow.
GD 24.2.1 According to the model given, make new sentences using the object
of the original sentence as the subject of a reflexive verb in the new sentence.
The subject of the original sentence is dropped.
Mi kupujemo graak, krompir i drugo Graak, krompir i drugo sveze povre

sveze povre na pijaci. kupuju se na pijaci.
We bUy peas, potatoes and other Peas, potatoes and other fresh
fresh vegetables at the vegetables are bought at the
market place. market place.
Seljaci prodaju jagode, maline i Jagode, maline 1 drugo sveze voe

drugo sveze voe na pijaci. prodaju se na pijaci.
Nedeljom ustajemo kasnije nego Nedeljom se ustaje kasnije nego
obino. obino.
Moji prijatelji troe mnogo novaca Mnogo novaca se troi na hranu.

na hranu.
Jovan ide na Topidersko brdo Na Topidersko brdo se ide tramvajem.
tramvajem.
Ja putujem od Beograda do Zagreba Od Beograda do Zagreba putuje se
kolima pet sati. kolima pet sati.
562

Moja ena i ja pijemo kafu ujutru, Kafa se pije ujutru, a aj uvece.

a aj uvee.
Mi polazimo na izlet u 5 sati. Na izlet se polazi u 5 sati.

Ljudi ovde jedu mnogo hleba i mesa. Ovde se jede mnogo hleba i mesa.
Ja itam novine ujutru ili uvee. Novine se citaju ujutru ili uvece.
Jovan i Zora uZimaju taksi od sta- Od stanice do kue uzima se taksi kad
nice do kue kad god je ravo god je ravo vreme.
vreme.
Brzi voz stize u Skoplje u 18 asova. U Skoplje se stie u 18 asova.
Mi menjamo novac petkom pre podne. Novac se menja petkom pre podne.
On gubi mnogo u vremenu, ako putuje Gubi se mnogo u vremenu, ako se
vozom. putuje vozom.
Danas treba da kupimo koverte i Danas treba da se kupe koverti i

hartiju. hartija.
Danas ne treba da kupujemo Danas ne treba da se kupuju koverte
koverte i hartiju. i hartija.
On treba da zauzme sobu ranije. Soba treba da se zauzme ranije.
On ne treba da zauzima sobu Soba ne treba da se zauzima ranije.
ranije.
Zora treba da zatvori prozor. Prozor treba da se zatvori.
Zora ne treba da zatvara prozor. Prozor ne treba da se zatvara.
Mi smo pili vino za veeru. Vino se pilo za veceru.
Mi smo popili vino za veeru. Vino se popilo za veceru.
On je troio mnogo na hranu i pie. Troilo se mnogo na hranu i pie.
On je potroio mnogo na hranu Potroilo se mnogo na hranu i pie
i pie ove nedelje. ove nedelje.
Mi emo kupovati sveze jagode i Svee jagode i maline e se kupovati
maline na pijaci. na pijaci.
Danas emo kupiti sveze jagode i Danas e se kupiti sveze jagode i
maline u radnji sa samoposlu- maline u radnji sa samoposlugom.
gom.
Jovan e ekati dugo dolazak autobusa. Dolazak autobusa e se ekati dugo.
Voz nee stii na vreme. Nee se stii na vreme.
Mi neemo moi doneti na prtljag Na prtljag se nee moi doneti danas,
danas ve u cetvrtak. ve u cetvrtak.
Mi ne moemo ii tim putem. Suvie Ne moze se ii tim putem. Suvie je
je rav. rav.
Izgubiemo mnogo vremena. Izgubie se mnogo vremena.

Ovde ima dovoljno svezeg povra i Da li ovde ima dovoljno svezeg povra
voa u doba sezone. i voa?
Van sezone nema dovoljno svezeg
povra i voa.
I povre i voe su dobrog kvaliteta. Kakvog su kvaliteta?
Oboje su dobrog kvaliteta. Da li su dobrog kvaliteta?
Ni povre ni voe nisu dobrog
kvaliteta.
Sveze povre i voe se prodaju Gde se prodaju sveze povre i voe?
na pijaci.
Sveze povre i voe emo kupovati Gde emo kupovati sveze povre i voe?
na pijaci.
Sveze povre i voe e se kupo- Gde e se kupovati sveze povre i
vati na pijaci. voe?
Ima dobrih jabuka, ali nema dobrih Da li ima dobrih jabuka i kruaka?
kruaka.
Bilo je dobrih kruaka, ali sada Da li je bilo dobrih kruaka?
nema.
Sezona kruaka je prola. Zato nema dobrih kruaka?
Svaki deo grada ima svoju pijacu. Da li svaki deo grada ima svoju pijacu?
Glavni proizvoai povra i voa Ko su glavni proizvoaci povra i voa?
su seljaci.
Oni prodaju svoje proizvode na Gde oni prodaju svoje proizvode?
pijaci.
Maline i jagode sam kupio na pijaci. Gde ste kupili maline i jagode?
One se prodaju na pijaci. Gde se prodaju maline i jagode?
One se ne prodaju na pijaci.
One su se nekad prodavale na Da li su se maline i Jagode prodavale
pijaci. na pijaci?
One se sada prodaju u radnjama Gde se maline i jagode sada prodaju?
sa samoposlugom.
Mi ne troimo mnogo novaca na voe, Da li troite mnogo novaca na voe?
jer je ono jeftino.
Ove nedelje smo potroili mnogo Koliko ste potroili na hranu ove
na hranu. nedelje?
Ovde se upotrebljavaju metarske mere. Koje mere se upotrebljavaju ovde?
564

Dajte mi kilogram malina. Koliko malina zelite?

Izmerite mi kilogram malina.
U mojoj ulici je otvorena jedna Da li se otvaraju radnje sa samoposlU-
radnja sa samoposlugom. gom?
U njima se prodaju sve vrste zivotnih ta se prodaje u tim radnjama?
namirnica ukljucujui: pirinac,
eer, so, kafu itd.
Meso se takoe prodaje u tim Da li se i meso prodaje u tim
radnjama. radnjama?
Glavni snabdevaci takvih radnji su Ko su snabdevaci takvih radnji?
poljoprivredna dobra i prehranbe-
na industrija.
Konzerve se ne prodaju na pijaci. Da li se konzerve prodaju na pijaci?
Meso i hleb su glavna hrana. Krompir ta je glavna hrana? Da li se krompir
se ne jede mnogo u Jugoslaviji. jede mnogo u Jugoslaviji?
Kafa, ljivovica i vino su glavno Koje je glavno pie?
pie.
Teletina je najskuplja. Koje je meso najskuplje?
Govedina vie nije najjeftinija. Da li je govedina jo najjeftinije
Ona Je bila najjeftinija. meso.
Izuzev primorskih krajeva, riba je Da li se mnogo jede riba?
delikates.
Ribe nema dovoljno. Zar nema dovoljno ribe?
Ima oskudice u hrani i robi. Da li ima oskudice u hrani i robi?
Sada nema oskudice u hrani i robi.
Bilo je ranije oskudice i u hrani Da li je bilo oskudice u hrani i
i u robi. Sada nema. robi?
Broj prodavnica je nedovoljan. Da li ima dovoljno prodavnica?
Bilo je dovoljno prodavnica. Da li je bilo dovoljno prodavnica?
Nije bilo dovoljno prodavnica.
Potroaci gube mnogo vremena zbog Da li potroaci gube mnogo vremena
nedovoljnog broja prodavnica. zbog nedovoljnog broja prodavnica?
Gubi se mnogo vremena zbog nedo- Da li se gUbi mnogo vremena zbog
voljnog broja prodavnica. nedovoljnog broja prodavnica?
Ja volim da idem na pijacu. Da li vi volite da idete na pijacu.
Ja volim da kupujem. Da li volite da kupujete?
Ja ne volim da kupujem.
Moja zena kupuje ivotne namirnice. Ko kupUje ivotne namirnice vi ili
Ona ima vie vremena za to. vaa supruga~


GD 24.4.1 A B
Da li se javlja va prijatelj iz On ne voli pisati, ali smo juce dobili

Beograda? pismo od njega.
ta pie, kako im je tamo? On pie da im je dobro. Nita se ne
tU~i.l
Da li su nali stan? Da, nali su.
O cemu vam pie? Oni jo razgledaju grad. Bili su na
tr~nici.
euo sam da tamo ima puno povra i Da, on ba pie o tome i ka~e da ima
voa. Da li je to tocno? dovoljno svjeeg povra i voa, ali
samo sezonskog.
Da li se svje~e povre i voe prodaju Ne, on ka~e da ima raznih duana u
samo na pijacama? kojima se prodaju sve ivotne
namirnice.
Da li ima tamo radnji sa samoposlu- Da, ima takvih radnji otvorenih u
gom? velikim gradovima.
Da li ima oskudice u hrani? Ne, moj prijatelj ka~e da nema oskudice
ni u hrani ni u tekstilnoj robi.
Ima li dovoljan broj tr~nica. Ba je o tome pisao i kaze da svaki
dio grada ima svoju trznicu, ali
da nema dovoljno duana.
na ~ ee jaB~ Bam npHjaTe~ B3 OH He BO~ .na nHme, a~H eMO jyqe Ao6H~
Eeo1"'pa.na? nHeMO OA B:e1"'a.

mTa DHme, KaKO HU je Tauo? OH nHme .na HM je .no6po. HHmTa ee He
~a ~H ey Ham~ eTaH? na, HaWJIH ey.

o qeuy Bau nmme? OHH jom pa31"'~eAajy 1"'paA. EH~ ey Ha
nHja~.
qyo eaM Aa Tauo HMa nyHo nospha ~a, OH 6am nHme o TOMe H xa36 Aa Hua
H Boha. ~a ~ je TO TaqHO? AOBO~HO eSeEe1'" nOBp1a H Boha, a~H eauo
Y Ao6a ee30He.
~a ~H ee eBeEe nOBphe H sohe npoAajy He, OH KaEe Aa HMa pa3HHx AyhaHa y
eaMo Ha nHja~aMa? KojHMa ee npolJ,ajy ese EHSOTHe
HaMapHH~e.
l
ItuZiti sei 'complain'
566

~a ~ HMa TaKO pa~HH aa caKonoc~rOK? ~a, HMa T8KBHX pa~HH OTBopeHHX Y

Be~KHM rpa~OBHKa.
~a ~ HMa OCKYAH~e Y xpaRH? He, KOj npHjaTe~ Kaze Aa BeKa OcKYAHue

HH Y xpaHH HH y TeKcTH~oj po6a.
Hlla ~ AOBO.6S.H 6poj nHja~? Eam je O TOKe nHcao H Kaze Aa CBaKH Aeo
rpaAa RMa CBOjy nHjaUy, aAH Aa HeMa
AOBO~HO npoAaBHH~.
GD 24.4.2
elio bih piti malo kave. Hajde da U redu. I ja zelim sjesti i malo se
svratimo negdje da popijemo po jednu odmoriti.
kavu.
Ima li ovdje negdje neka kavana? Da, moemo svratiti u jednu od one
dvije kavane, preko puta.
Jeste li bili u nekoj naoj kavani?
Jo nisam. Vrlo dobro. Inace morate Vidjeti kako
izgledaju nae kavane.
(Ulaze u kavanu i seaju ~a jedan sto.)
Dozvolite da Ja govorim sa konobarom. U redu.
Interesira me da li e me razumjeti.
ta zeli te gospodo?
Molim, meni donesite jednu kavu. ~ta zeli va prijatelj?
A njemu molim donesite pivo i ako Molim, gospodine.
imate kifle. Kakvu kavu zelite?
Bez eera, potpuno gorku.
Da li ste razumjeli sve to sam Naravno, vi govorite jako dobro
vam kazao? hrvatski. Gde ste naucili tako
dobro na jezik?
Hvala. Ja sam Amerikanac i doao Zar vi niste ueili jezik ovdje?
sam tek prije nekoliko dana u
Jugoslaviju.
Ne, nisam. To je prosto nevjerojatno.
Hvala. Ja sam se bojao da me neete
razumjeti.

TIHje KH ce Ka~. Xaj~e ~a CBpaTHMO y pe~y. M ja Ee~Y Aa ce~HeK H ~a ce

He~~e ~a nonHjeKo no je~HY Ka~y. },(a~o OAMOpHJl.
~, VOZaMO ~a CBpaTHYO y je~HY OA OHe
~Be Ka~He, npeKO nyTa.
JeCTe 6H~ y HeKoj Hamoj Ka~HH?
Jom HlIcaM. Bp~o ~06po. HHa~e Tpe6a Aa BHAHTe KaKO
Har~eAajy Hame Ka~He.
(YAaae y Ka~HY H ce~ajy aa je~aH CTO.)

~oaBO~Te ~a ja ~OBOPHV ca Ke~epOY. y pe~y.
MHTepecyje ve ~a ~ he Ke paayveTH.
lliTa .e~Te rocnoAo.
MeHH ~OHecHTe jeAHY Ka~y.
Hevy ~OHecHTe nHBO H aKO HMaTe KH~~e. MO~Jl, rocno~HHe.
KaRBY Ra~y Ee~Te?
Be3 mehepa, nOTnyHo ropKy. HapaBHo, BH rOBopHTe BP~O ~06po cpncKH.

~a JlH CTe paayKeJIH cse mTO caM rAa cTe HayqHJlH TaKO A06po Ham je3UR?
saJ.( Kaaao?
XBa~. Ja caM AMepHKaHau H ~omao caK 3ap BH HHcTe y~HJlH jeaHK OBAe?
TeK npe HeKO~KO AaHa y Jyroc~BHjy.
He, HHcaM. To je npOCTO HeBepOBaTHO.
XBa~. Ja caM ce 60jao ~a ve HeheTe

pa3yveTH.
GD 24.4.3
ta svijet kod vas najvie pije? Najvie se pije kava, ako na to
mislite.
Da, znam da je ljivovica vae Da, ali ne toliko kao kava.
narodno pie.
Zanima me da li se pije caj?
Koje se meso najvie trai? Najvie se trai svinjsko meso i
janjetina, jer toga mesa najvie irna.
Moze li da se kupiti teletina i Da, moe, samo to je teletina najskuplje,
govedina? a govedina je najjeftinije meso.
568

Da li ima dovoljno mesa? Jedino teletina se ne moze uvijek

dobiti. Inace, drugog mesa mozete
kupiti koliko god hoete, ako imate
novaca.
Kakvo je meso? Meso je dobro.
vo
Zar zimi nema svijezeg '
povrca? Nije da nema. Ima ga, ali ne toliko
kao ljeti i skupo je.
Koje se povre jede zimi? Jede se najvie pasulj, a u nekim
krajevima krompir, kao i povre u
konzervama.
Da li se oVdje troi povre u Ne troi se toliko kao u Americi, ali
konzervama kao kod nas u Americi? se troi sve vie i vie.
illTa cBeT KOA Bac HajBame uaje? HajBHme ce uHje Ka~, aKO Ha TO VHCAHTe.
~a, 3HaK Aa je m.HBOBHna Bame HapoAHo ~a, a~ He TO~KO Kao Ka~.
uHhe. HHTepecyje Ke Aa ~ ce uHje

lIaj?
Koje ce Keco HajBame jeAe? HajBHme ce jeAe CBHBeKO Meco H ja~HeTHHa,
jep To~a Keca HajsHme HKa.

\(oze JnI Aa ce KyUH TeJleTHHa H ~OBe~HHa? ~a, Moze, caKO mTO je TeJleTHHa HajcKyn.l>e,
a ~OBe~HHa Hajje~THHHe Meco.
~a JIH HMa AOBO.I>HO Meca? JeAHHO TeJleTHHa He Koze yBeK Aa ce A06Hje
HHa1le, APY~O~ Meca KozeTe Aa KynHTe
KOJIHKO ~OA xoheTe, aKO HMaTe HOBana.
l{aKBo je Meco? Meco je A06po.
3ap 38Ka HeMa CBeze~ nOBpha? HHje Aa HeKa. HMa ~a, aJnI He TOJIHKO Kao
JleTH H CKyUO je.
Koje ce nosphe je~e 3HMH? Je~e ce He HajsHme nacy~, a y HeRHN
KpajeBHMa KpOKnHp, Kao H nOBphe y
KOH3epBaMa.
~a ~ ce oBAe TpOmH nosphe y He TPOlliH ce TOJIHKO Kao Y AMepHQH, aJlH ce
KOH3epBaMa Kao KOA Hac y AMepH~? TPOlliH CBe BRme H BRme.


GD 24.5.1 Change the verb in each of these sentences (the verb after Idal
in those with Itreba/) to one with Ise/.
Treba da kupim pirinac, kafu, eer, so i kilogram jagoda.
Jovan ide na zeleznicku stanicu taksijem.
Ja menjam dolare zvanicnim putem.
Petkom zatvaraju radnje u 21 cas.
Jovan eita novine pre nego to ode u kancelariju.
Treba da opravi te moja kola do 6 sati.
Mi polazimo na izlet u pola osam.
Voz stie na vreme u Skoplje.
Treba da uzmemo novine.
Oni zadocnjavaju svakog dana.
GD 24.5.2 Replace the imperfective verbs in the following sentences by

/treba dal plus the perfective counterpart of the verb concerned.
Moje se stvari donose danas sa eleznieke stanice.

Mnogo novca se troi na izlaske.
Sutra se daje jedan jugoslovenski film ubioskopu.
Danas se menja novac.
Kroz deset minuta svet se puta u voz.
Juzno voe se kupuje u ovoj radnji.
Gde se uzimaju novine?
Stie se na vreme.
Pregled stvari se vri na samoj granici.
Prozori se zatvaraju kad god pada kia.
570

UNIT 25
In the Garage II garai y rapaxcH
A
,
to drive off, to otjerati, da oTepaTH, Aa
drive away otjeram OTepaM
garage rap,I>m
,. ,.
to wash oprati, da operem onpaTH, Aa onepeM
,.
to grease, to lubri- podmazati, da nOAuaaaTH, /l.a
cate pOdmaem nO,l1,MaJICeM
I
Da li ste odvezli
I , , ,
Have you taken the car to ,Zla JIH cTe OTepaJIH KOJI8.
the garage to be washed I
and greased? auto u gar~u da
y rapkEyl.na ce onepy
,. #
se bpere ipodmaze? If nOAMa)l(y?
in front of me preda mnom "

npeAa MHOM
,.
greased podmazan, -a, -o nOAUQ3an, -a, -o
,.
changed promijenjen, -a, npOUeHeH, -a, -o
-o
oil
Yes, sir. The car was

greased and the oil
Ulje
"
JecaM, rocnOAHHe. KoJI8.
. ,
changed while I was there Auto je preda mnom MHOM nOAMa-
cy npeAa
(lin front of mei).
,
podmazan 'J..
i ulje aaHa I H npOMeHeHO
~
y~e.
promijenjeno.
let "
HeKa
,.
to examine, to check pregledati, da nperJIeAaTH, .na
pregledi.m np~rJIeAiM
brake k6cnica
ignition p~ljenje
Have them look at (both) Neka pregledaju i

,.
HeKa nperJIeAajy Ii
,.
K5~HH-
the brakes and the igni- l
tion [too]. k6cnice i p~ljenje. ue I Ii ni~eHe.
571

barely jedva j~l1.sa

, ,
to light upaliti, da ynaJIHTH, Aa
, ,
upalIm ynaJIiiv
,
battery a kumul a. tor aKYMyJIiTop
, , c.. co
empty prazan, prazna, npa3aH, Dpa3ua, -o
-o
.L
I was barely [able to] start Ja caK HX cHuoh jeAsa
it last night, as the
battery was weak (Iemptyl). up~llo, kao da je yni~HO, KJO Aa je
akumuI~torlblo prazan. aKYKY~TOP
j
6HO npa3au.
co
B
,
to seem uiniti se, da y~HHHTH ce, Aa
se uinI ce Y~HHH
co ~ _
to be lighting, to p~liti, p~lim naJlHTH, naJIHM
light
It was that way for me too I meni se tako jutros ce TaKO

li MeHH jYTPOC
this morning when I was , I
starting the car. uinilo
I
kad sam ,
Y~HHH~O
IKalI.
' cav
, I,
pAlio auto. naJlHO KO~.
here is
..
evo
.
eso
.. ,
cent) (pl. money - para napa
in eastern Yugoslavia)
washing pr~nje
greasing, lubrication podmazIvanje

l co I
Herecs the money for the Evo vam novac za Eso saM nape 3a npaae
'
washing and greasing. I
pr~nje 1 podmazIvanje. "
H nOAMa3Hsaue. -
B
,
to send poslati, da noc~TH, l1.a
poaljem / noma,!)eM /
poljem nOlIJ,!)ev
bill, account raun, raUna
572

I I a
Don1t give me the money; Nemojte mi davati HeMojTe MH AaBaTH
they will send a bill when
nJpe, JHH he nJc~-
, I ,
the car is ready. novac: oni ce
I , IRaA
I I
poslati racun kad TH pa~YH KO~
I ,
auto bude gotov. 6YAY I"OTOBa.
to hurry poUriti, da nQ)I<~pRTH, Aa

pourim nO)I{YPHM
.. I I ,
All right, only have them ~o6po, caMO HeRa nOj!{ype.
hurry.
poure.
to help, to assist pomoi, da nOMOhH, Aa

pomognem nCH.fo.rHeM
,
help' pomozite nOM03HTe
I ~
as soon as [possible] to prije lUTO npe
I ..
If necessary, you help Ustreba li i vI im AKO Tpe6a H BH HM
them so that the car is , l I I I I
ready as soon as pos- pomozite da auto nOM03HTe Aa RO~
sible. l I I I ,
bude to prlje 6YAY lUTO npe I"OTOBa.
gotov.
chauffeur ofer, of~ra

.. I
Yes, sir. (The chauffeur Molim, gospodine. MO~M, I"OCnOAHHe.
leaves). I"
(Sofer
v "
odlazi. ) (llIocPep I OAJIa3H. )
Later Kasnije. K~cHHje.
right pr~vo np;[BO

I
to be right imati pr~vo 6HTH 1y npkay
You were right, sir. VI ste imali pr~vo, B~ cTe 6AAH y npiay,
I
gospodine. I"OCnOAHHe.
I I I
The battery was weak. Akumul~tor je bio AKYMY~TOP je 6HO
pr~zan.
where from, whence otkud(a), otkuda
573

I I I , J.
Only I donlt know how Samo ne znam kako caKO He aHaK OTKYA TO,
that could be, as the I I ..
battery is new. to, kad je akumuItor RaA je aRYKY~TOP BOB.
,
nov.
to extinguish, to ugasiti" da
,
yracHTB, Aa yracHK --
turn off
uglisrm
or, uti-nuti, da ,
YTpHyTB. Aa yTpHeK --
utf'n~m
light sVjetll5st (f.) C8~TJ[OCT (_.)
to empty ispr~zniti, da HcnpaaBHTH. Aa

1spra:znIm
,
HcnpaaHHK --
I I I
Somebody evidently forgot Netko jeslgurno HeKo je carypHo aa60paBHO
to turn off the lights, I .. _ ,
and the battery ran zaboravio ut~nuti Aa yracH cBeT~ocT H
down. I I _
svjetlost i aKYKY~TOP ce HcnpaaHBO.
akumuUitor se
isp!'~znio.
to believe vjerovati,
vjeruj~m
key kljUc G kljUca

pl. kljUevi K,I)yoqeBH
# J. J.
I donft think so. It 1 s Ne vj~rujem. Vjero- He aepyjeK. Dpe Aa je K,I)yoq
more likely that the , I , I I J.
key was accidentally jatnije da je kljOc c~~jHO ocTao Ha na~e&3.
left on.
slucajno ostao na
B
,
to repair, correct popraviti, da nonpaaaTH. Aa
popravIm ,
nonpaBHK
-
The brakes are fixed and Kocnice su popravljene K~'qHH~e cy nonpaB,I)eHelB
the battery [re]charged. I
i akumulatOr aKYK~~TOP HanYHeH.
napunjen.
574

to drive away) refl. odvesti, da

,
oABecTH, Aa
,
oABe~eM
-
to ride away
odvezem
,
to drive to; refl. dovesti, da AOBecTH, Aa AOBe~eK
to come by car
dovezem
here, hlther ova:mo

, -
osauo
Good, take the car home

, I
Dobro, molim sad
I " # ,
Ao6po, caA OABe3HTe RO~
now and bring my wife I
here. odvezite auto kUi RYhH1H AOB~~HTe M~jy
I I ,_
i dov~zite ovamo zeHy osauo.
B
I
Yes, sir. Molim, gospodine. MO~M, ~ocnoAHHe.
Grammatical Notes
Note 25.1 Past Passive Participle

Note 25.1.1 Past Passive Participle: Form
Kola su preda mnom podmazana i promenjeno ulje.

Kocnice su popravljene i akumulator napunjen.
/podmazana/ Igreasedl, /promenjen/ Ichanged l , /popravljen/ 'repaired,

fixed' and /napunjen/ Ifl11ed l are examples of the past passive participle. The
endings in these examples are /~/ plus /n/ for the a-verb /podmazati/ and /e/
plus /n/ for the i-verbs /prom~niti/, /popraviti/ and /napuniti/. Some other
past passive participles from earlier units are:
Oni su znali da vas je neto neocek!vano sprecilo da doete.

Kako je ureen gradski saobraaj?
Poto je danas petak, muzej je otvoren do 19:00 asova.
Radnici opravljaju pokvarena vozila.

Je li prtljag vaeg prijatelja donet sa zeleznike stanice?
Ako niste zauzeti ..
Videete da su radnje prilicno dobro snabdevene.
I vi ste bili pozvani.
Spomenik Neznanog Junaka.
575

From the examples given, it is clear that the past passive participIe usually
has a stem like that of the infinitive. Verbs such as Idonetil may however,
have two participles, one with a stem similar to that of the infinitive, Idoneti
and another with a stem similar to that of the present, Idonesenl (that is,
one from the vowel stem and one from the consonant stem of such vic verbs).
Consonant stem verbs (see Note 17.3) have the participIe with a stem similar to
the present.
Vowel stem verbs with participles on the infinitive base only usually have
a participIe in Itl (after a long vowel) or vowel length plus Itl (vt/). Some,
however, have a stem formative Ivel plus Ini, as Isnabdeven/, and a few have
Ijel plus Ini, as Ipopitil Ito drink' Ipopljenl Idrunk l
i-verbs have lei after Iri, ll and ll as Iotvoreni, and IJel elswhere,
as Iureeni, loenjenl, lizn~naen/.
The different endings possible are given in the list below, with the
types of verbs which may have these endings. While most verbs have the Ini
ending, some regularly have /tl (such as those with the suffix I-nu-/), and
some may have both. The general pattern may be deduced from the following list:
Stem ParticipIe Verb Example Infinitive

Formative Formant Type
Suffix
-a -n a-verb plt~n pItati

a/J~-verb posl~n poslati
alje-verb oekIv~n oekIvati
ale-verb pozvan pozvati
a/I-verb zadran zadrati
-Je- -n i-verb (not in ureen ur~diti
l-rl or I-i) napunjen napuniti
e-verbs vien videti
',
C-verbs in Iki, reen reci
Ig/, Ihl
',
ii verbs n~en naci
-je- -n some V-verbs popljen popiti
-e- -n i-verbs in Ir/ otvoren otvoriti
//, ll
troen troiti
576

, ,
other C-verbs pojeden pojesti
,
some V/C verbs donesen doneti
-ve- -n some V-verbs snabdeven snabdeti
uven uti
,
-V- -n some V-verbs pozvan pozvati
,
-a- -t a/Je verbs poslat poslati
some a/e-verbs pozvat pozvati
some a/i-verbs zadrzat zadrzati
-V- -t some V-verbs poznat poznati
(all with /nu-/) [metnut metnuti Ito
placel]
popit popiti
zero -t V-verbs with donet doneti
long vowel
poet poeti
,
zauzet zauzeti
(Note: sone speakers use short /a/ ill the ending /-an/ for a-, a/je and
a/e- verbs.)
Note 25.1.2 Past Passive Participle: Use
From the examples given above, it is clear that the past passive participle
with lisi or lare l may correspond to an English sentence either in the present
(lis, are l ) or the past (Iwas, werel) or Ihas beed). For example:
Konice su popravljene. The brakes are fixed. or, The

brakes were fixed.
Kola su preda mnom podmazana. The car was greased right in front
of me.
Kako je ureen gradski saobraaj? How is the city traffic ordered?
Muzej Je otvoren do 19:00 asova. The museum is open until 7:00 olclock.
While Ikafa je popijena/ may be either Ithe coffee is drunk (up)1 or IThe coffee
has been drunk (up)', it is also possible to use the past of the verb Ito bel:
Kafa Je bila popijena. The coffee was drunk up. or,

The coffee had been drunk up.
Another usage of the participle is as an adjective:
Oni su znali da vas je neto something unexpected

neoekivano spreilo da doete.
577

Radnici opravljaju pokvarena vozila. vehicles gone out of order

Spomenik Neznanog Junaka Monument of the Unknown Hero
As noted in the last unit, reflexive verbs are much broader in their
reference than English passive constructions. The past passive participIe, on
the other hand, corresponds fairly closly to the English passive participIe.
There is one major difference: the English present passive lis being drunk l
always corresponds to an imperfective reflexive verb in Serbo-Croatian. Aside
from this, the constructions with passive participles correspond very closely
to ones using reflexive verbs. Good examples of this correspondence are found
in GD 25.1. Note, for example:
Perfective Reflexive Past Passive ParticipIe
treba da se donese should be brought treba da bude donet

donelo se was brought doneto je
donee se will be brought bie doneto
Imperfective
donosi se is being brought (no participial equivalent)

donosila se was being brought donoena je
donosie se will be (being) bie donoena
brought
Ise/ means also that it is used with many verbs

The breadth of meaning of
which have no past passive participles (e.g. lide sei 'one goes.), and so no
such parallel constructions.
The usage of /sel as compared with constructions using the past passive
participIe is illustrated in GD 25.1 where the two are given side by side.
Where both occur, they are quite equivalent in meaning.
Note 25.2 Phonology: IJ/ changes

Certain /J/ changes were illustrated in Note 17.3. The past passive par-
ticiples provide quite a few more. A summary of /J/ changes as shown in these
participles is:
Labials Root Infinitive Par~iciple

,
p-J pIJ kup- kupiti kUpljen
b-J bIJ gub- izgubiti izgubljen
578

m-J prim- prim- prfmiti prImljen

V-J vIJ prav- popraviti popravljen
Others:
, ' ,
t-J c plat- pl~titi placen
,,
k-J rek- reci reen
s-J nos- donositi donoen
d-J red- ur~diti ureen
z-J laz- prelaziti prelazen
,
n-J nj men- promeniti promenjen
, ,
l-J lj pal- upaliti upaljen
A related change is the replacement of /s/ by // and /z/ by // before /nj/

and /lj/. Before // (/t-J/), /s/ is also replaced by //. Examples:
s-n-J nj [j asn- obj~sniti objanjen]

,
s-l-J lj [misl- zamisliti Ito zamiljen Ideep in
imagine l thought I]
,
z-n-J nj prazn- isprazniti ispranjen
s-t-J [ist- istiti 'to ien]

clean'
Another type of change may occur with /st/:
st-J t vest- izv~stiti lzveten

pust- pustiti puten
Note 25.3 New Verbs
i I nositi nosIm noen to carry

i [p doneti]
e p dovesti dovezem dovezao, to bring (by

dovezla vehicle)
dovezen
dovezena
[I voziti vozIm]
e p odvesti odvezem odvezao, to take (by
odvezla vehicle)
odvezen
odvezena
[I voziti vozIm]
579

,
v/e p doneti donesem doneo, donesen~ to bring (by
/donijeti donela donesena carrying)
, /donet
i I donositi donosIm
i I g~siti g~sim ~v
gasen to extinguish
i P pog~sitl pogasim pogaen
i ug~siti ugasrm ugaen
v/e p odneti odnesem odneo, odnesen, to take (by

/odnijeti odnEHa odnesena carrying)
/odnet
i I odnositi odnosIm
i I p~liti p~lim p~ljen to light

i p upaliti upalIm upaljen
a/J~ P podmazati podmaem podmazan to grease

a/Je I podmazrvati podmazUjem podmazivan
,
e P pomoi pomognem pomognUt to help
a/Je I pom~gati poma:em pomagan
a/e I prati perem prao, pr~la to wash

a/e p oprati opere-m opran /oprat
i I pr~zniti pra:znlm pra:njen to empty

i P ispr~zniti ispraznIm ispranjen
a/je I ispranjivati ispranjujem
a P pregledati da pregledam pregledan to examine

a I pregl~dati pregledam pregledan
a/Je I slati aljem sl~n /sl~t to send

a/Je P poslati poaljem poslan /poslat
/poljem
a I terati /tjerati teram /tjeram teran /tjeran to drive

a P oterati /otjerati da otjeram /tjeram oteran /otjeran
v P ut:fnuti da utrnem to extinguish

a/je I utrnjfvati utrnjujem
580

a/je I verovati verujem to believe

/vjerovati /vjerujem
,
a/je p poverovati poverujem
/povjerovati Ida povjerujem
i I Uriti Urim to hurry

'v
i P pozUriti pozurim
Notes on usage of /vod-I, /nos-/, /voz-/

The use of the verbs /voditi/, /voziti/ and /nositi/ with their prefix
forms in Idol and /od/ need some explanation. The patterns are:
P I P I P I
,
nositi voditi voziti
,
doneti donositi dovesti dovoditi dovesti dovoziti
,
odneti odnositi odvesti odvoditi odvesti odvoziti
Note that the perfective infinitives of the roots /ved-/ and /vez-/ are the
same. The other forms are distinct (/da dovedem/, /doveo/ but Ida dovezem/,
/dovezao/) .
While /doneti/ and /odneti/ pair formally with /donositi/ and /odnositi/,
in actual practice /doneti/ Ito bring (by carrying)' and /odneti/ Ito take (by
carrying)1 are usually perfective counterparts of /nositi/ 'to carry1. The
imperfectives /donositi/ and /odnositi/ are more specialized in meaning. For
example, they may be used in the sentences /Kelneri donose i odnose sUdove./
tThe waiters are bringing in and carrying out dishes ('utensils!)' and /Reka
donosi i odnosi zemlju i pravi nanose./ IThe river brings and takes away the
soil, leaving deposits. /odnositi/ is less used than /donositi/.
The other verb forms pattern in very much the same way. /dovesti/ Ito
bring (generally)' and /odvesti/ Ito take (generally)I are usually perfective
counterparts of /voditi/, while /dovoditi/ and /odvoditi/ are less used.
/odvoditi/ is used in the sense Ito drain off l
In like manner /dovesti/ Ito bring (by vehicle)' and /odvesti/ Ito take
(by vehicle)' are perfective to /voziti/. /dovoZiti/ and /odvoziti/ are used
mainly with regard to the transport ?f the harvest (/dovoziti/ Ito bring in the

harvest (by vehicle)', /odvoziti/ Ito bring the harvest from [the field] (by
vehicle)l.
The basic meanings of /nos-/ Ito carry in the armsl, /vod-/ Ito lead l and
/voz-/ Ito convey by vehiclel should also be noted.
Grammatical Drill
The following drill gives examples of the use of reflexive verbs. Where
the sentence may equally well use the past passive participIe as a replacement,
this is given to the right.
piti I
U Jugoslaviji se pije kafa.

U Jugoslaviji se (ranije) pila kafa. U Jugoslaviji je (ranije) pijena kafa.
U Jugoslaviji e se piti kafa.
popiti P
Kafa treba da se popije.

Kafa se popila za veceru. Kafa je popijena za veceru.
Kafa e se popiti za veceru. Kafa e biti popijena za veceru.
jesti I
U Jugoslaviji se ne jede mnogo

krompir.
Za veceru se jela jagnjetina, salata, Za veceru je jedena jagnjetina, salata,
jabuke ikolaci. jabuke ikolaci.
Jagode e se jesti za veceru.
pojesti P
Maline treba danas da se pojedu.

Maline su se pojele juce za veceru. Maline su pojedene juce za veceru.
Kolaci i voe e se pojesti za veceru. Kolaci i voe e biti pojedeni za veceru.

kupiti P
Krompir, boranija, zelena salata i

drugo povre mogu da se kupe od
seljaka.
Jabuke su se kupile na pijaci. Jabuke su kupljene na pijaci.
Kruke i drugo voe kupie se na Kruke i drugo voe bie kupljeni na
pijaci. pijaci.
kupovati I
eer pirina i so se ne kupuju
na pijaci.
Kupine se nisu nikad kupovale na Kupine nisu nikad kupovane na pijaci.
pijaci.
Hartija i olovke e se kupovati Hartija i olovke bie kupovane u
u papirnici. papirnici.
doneti P
Prtljag treba da se donese danas sa Prtljag treba da bude donet danas sa

zelezni~ke stanice. zelezni~ke stanice.
/Prtlag treba da bude donesen danas
sa zelezni~ke stanice.
Mleko se danas donelo kui kasnije Mleko je danas doneto kasnije nego
nego obi~no. obino.
/Mleko je danas doneseno kasnije nego

obi~no.
Va prtljag e se danas doneti sa Va prtljag e danas biti donet sa

zeleznike stanice, gospodine. zelezni~ke stanice, gospodine.
/Va prtljag e danas biti donesen
sa zelezni~ke stanice, gospodine.
donositi I
Mleko se donosi kui svakog jutra.

Pota se donosila (ranije) u 9 sati. Pota je donoena (ranije) u 9 sati.
Od sutra e se pota donositi u Od sutra e pota biti donoena u la
la sati. sati.

preci P
Granica treba da se pree danju. Granica treba da bude preena danju.

Granica se prela danju. Granica je predena danju.
,
Granica e se prei danju. Granica ce biti preena danju.
prelaziti I
,
Granica se ne prelazi nocu.
Granica se nije (ranije) prelazila Granica nije (ranije) prelazena nou.
,
nocu.
, ,
Granica se nece prelaziti nocu.
Exampl es of Intransitive Verbs:

dolaziti I
Uvek se dolazilo na vreme. Uvek je dolazeno na vreme.
zadocniti P
Nikad se nije toliko zadocnilo kao Nikad nije toliko zadocnjeno kao danas.
danas.
zadocnjavati I
Nikad se nije toliko zadocnjavalo Nikad nije toliko zadocnjavano do sada.

do sada.
GD 25.2 Transform Drill

GD 25.2.1 In this drill the object of the original sentence is made the subject
of a new sentence which contains the past passive participIe of the verb. Follow
the instruction given in GD 21.2 for the drill.
Deca su popila mleko za dorucak. Mleko je popijeno za dorucak.
The children finished (Idrank upi) All the milk was finished (Idrunk
all the milk at breakfast. upI) at breakfast.
Mi smo pojeli kolace i jagode za Kolaci i jagode su pojedeni za veceru.

veceru.
Ja sam kupio ulaznice za pozorite. Ulaznice za pozorite su kupljene.
ofer je oprao i podmazao kola. Kola su oprana ipodmazana.
Mi smo opravili kocnice na vaem Kocnice na vaem autu su opravljene.
autu.
584

--------------------------------
Jovan je popravio nae domae Nai domai zadaci su popravljeni.
zadatke.
Moja zena je uredila nau sobu. Naa soba je ureena.
Ja sam ugasio svetlost u sobi. Svetlost u sobi je ugaena.

Ja sam jutros lako upalio kola. Kola su jutros lako upaljena.
Jovan i Toma su jutros promenili Novac je jutros promenjen.
novac.
Mi smo svrili posao na vreme. Posao je svren na vreme.
Nosao je doneo prtljag sa stanice. Prtljag Je donet sa stanice.
Ja sam javio Jovanu da je njegov Jovanu je javljeno da je njegov
prtljag donet kui. prtljag donet.
Ja sam rekao Jovanu u koliko sati Jovanu je reeno u koliko sati treba
treba da doe. (/kazao) da doe. (/kazano)
Mi smo izvestili Jovana da je Jovan je izveten da je veera tano
vecera tacno u 8. u 8.
On je primio jue vae pismo. Vae pismo je primljeno jue.
~inovnik mi je vratio paso odmah Paso mi je vraen odmah posle

posle pregleda. pregleda.
Nosao je uneo kufere u voz. Kuferi su uneti u voz. (/uneseni)
Jovan je zauzeo sobu za nas u Soba za nas je zauzeta u Metropolu.
Metropolu.
Ja sam platio raoun za sobu. Raun za sobu je plaen.
ofer je oterao kola u garau. Kola su oterana u garau.
On je odvezao kola u garau. Kola su odvezena u garau.
Mi smo prodali nau kuu. Naa kua je prodana (/prodata).
Ja sam poslao ocu vau poruku. Vaa poruka je poslana mom ocu.
(/poslata)
Do Ljubljane smo potroili pola Do Ljubljane je potroeno pola
rezervoara benzina. rezervoara benzina.
Change the sentences on the ri8ht to the future following the model:
Mleko je popijeno za doruak. Mleko e biti popijeno za doruak.
A~l the milk was finished (Idrank All the milk will be finished
upi) at breakfast. (Idrunk upI) at breakfast.

GD 25.2.2 In both sentences the past passive participIe is used. That on the
left uses the imperfective participle J that on the right the perfective one.
Note the difference in meaning between the imperfective and perfective forms.
Jovan je plaan vrlo dobro. Jovan je plaen vrlo dobro.

John used to be paid very well. John is paid very well.
Svetlost je gaena svakog dana posle Svetlost je ugaena posle II sati.

II sati.
Kola su do sada opravljana u ovoj Kola su opravljena u ovoj garai.
garai.
Pota je (do sada) donoena u 9. Pota je doneta (/donesena) u 9.
Pota je (ranije) primana uredno. Pota je primljena uredno.
Troeno je vie novaca na izlaske Potroeno je vie novaca na izlaske
nego na hranu. nego na hranu.
Moja soba je ureivana cetvrtkom. Moja soba je ureena u cetvrtak.
Novac je menjan subotom. Novac je promenjen u subotu.
GD 25.2.3 In the sentences on the left the reflexive past is used and in the
sentences on the right the present tense with a past passive participIe occurs.
Both are imperfective J and the meaning is the same.
Sveze voe i povre se kupovalo Sveze voe i povre je kupovano na

na pijaci. pijaci.
(Fresh fruits and vegetables used to be bought at the market place.)
Pregled stvari se vrio eim se pree Pregled stvari je vren eim se pree
granica. granica.
Radnje su se subotom otvarale u 9. Radnje su subotom otvarane u 9.
Kancelarije su se subotom zatvarale Kancelarije su subotom zatvarane u 13
u 13 casova. casova.
Moja soba se ureivala jedanput Moja soba je ureivana jedanput
nedeljno. n1deljno.
Raeuni su se plaali odmah eim se Racuni su plaani odmah eim se
prime. prime.
Pota se donosila tacno u 9 casova. Pota je donoena tacno u 9 casova.
Svetlost se nikad nije gasila pre Svetlost nije nikad gaena pre 23
23 casa. casa.
Dolazilo se uvek na vreme u Dolaeno je uvek na vreme u kancelariju.
kancelariju.
586

GD 25.2.4 In the sentences on the left the reflexive past is used and in the
sentences on the right the present tense with a past passive participIe, both
of perfective verbs. The meaning is the same.
Kolaci su se pojeli za veceru. Kolaci su pojedeni za veceru.

(The cookies were all eaten up at dinner.)
Vino se sino popilo. Vino je sino popijeno.

Kola su se jutros upalila bez tekoa. Kola su jutros upaljena bez tekoa.
Svetlost se ugasila tacno u 13 Svetlost je ugaena tacno u 13 casova.
casova.
Zadocnilo se mnogo zbog ravog Zadocnjeno je mnogo zbog ravog vremena.
vremena.
Uradilo se to se moglo za vaeg Uraeno je to se moglo za vaeg
prijatelja. prijatelja.
Ovde se naselilo mnogo ljudi iz Ovde je naseljeno mnogo ljudi iz
Hercegovine i Crne Gore. Hercegovine i Crne Gore.
Mleko se pokvarilo. Mleko je pokvareno.
Sve ivotne namirnice su se brzo Sve ivotne namirnice su brzo prodate
prodale. (/prodane).
Sve se lepo uredilo bez tekoa. Sve je lepo ureeno bez tekoa.
Sve se dobro i lako svrilo. Sve je dobro i lako svreno.
GD 25.2.5 In the sentences on the left the past tense is used with the past
passive participIe and in the sentences on the right the future tense.
Dok se Toma vratio kui kola su ve Dok se Toma vrati kui kola e biti
bila oprana i ureena. oprana i ureena.
Dok sam ja stigao ulaznice su ve Dok ja stignem ulaznice e ve biti

bile proda te. proda te.
Moja soba je ve bila ureena dok Moja soba e ve biti ureena dok ja
ja nisam stigao kui. ne stignem kui.
Na prtljag je ve bio unet u kupe Na prtljag e ve biti unet u kupe
kad smo mi doli. kad mi doemo.
U 10 sati kuferi su ve bili doneti U 10 sati kuferi e ve biti doneti

sa eleznicke stanice. sa zeleznicke stanice.
Sobe su bile zauzete za nas pre Sobe e biti zauzete za nas pre naeg
naeg dolaska. dolaska.

UNIT 25 SERBO-CROATli\N
Jovan je do 10 sati bio izveten Jovan e do 10 sati biti izveten da

da vi dolazite. vi dolazite.
Jagode su ve bile kupljene pre Jagode e biti kupljene pre nego to
nego to sam ja doao kui. ja doem kui.
Do 12 sati vae pismo je ve bilo Do 12 sati vae pismo e ve biti
poslano (/poslato) g. Joviu. poslano g. Joviu.
GD 25.2.6 Change the following sentences, using the proper forms of /voziti/
instead of /terati/.
/terati/ - /voziti/ Itake (by vehicle)'
Jutros teram kola u garau da se Jutros vozim kola u garau da se

oprave. oprave.
Jutros treba da oteram kola u
garau da se oprave.
Jutros sam oterao kola u garau
da se oprave.
Jutros u oterati kola u garau
da se oprave.
Jutros su kola oterana u garau
da se oprave.
/doterati/ - /dovesti/ tbring (by vehicle)1
Change the following sentences, using the proper forms of /dovesti/ instead
of /doterati/.
Danas treba da doteram kola kui iz Danas treba da dovezem kola kui iz
garae. garae.
y
Danas sam doterao kola iz garaze.
~
Danas cu doterati kola iz garae.

Danas su kola doterana iz garae.
/vOditi/ Itake (general)' - /voziti/ Itake (by vehicle)'
Change each of the following sentences using ljaj instead of /moja ena/ and
the appropriate forms of /vQZiti/ (and /odvesti/) according to the model given.
Moja ena jutros vodi dete kod Ja vozim jutros dete kod lekara.
lekara.
Moja ena treba da odvede jutros
dete kod lekara.
588

Moja zena je odvela dete kod lekara.

Moja zena e odvesti jutros dete kod
lekara.
Dete je jutros odvedeno kod lekara.
Repeat the above drill sUbstituting the proper forms of /nositi/ for those of
/voditi/ and /odneti/ 'take (by carrying)' for those of /odvesti/.
/dovesti/ Ibring (general)' - /dovesti, da dovezem/ 'bring by vehicle'
Use the proper forms of /dovesti/ (/dovezem/) for those of /dovesti/ (/dovedem/)
and with the change of subject indicated.
Moj prijatelj treba da dovede jutros Ja treba da dovezem dete jutros kui.
dete kui.
Moj prijatelj je doveo dete jutros
kui.
Moj prijatelj e dovesti dete Jutros
kui.
Dete je dovedeno danas kui.
Repeat the above drill, using the proper forms of /doneti/ Ibring (by carrying)'
GD 25.2.7 Change each of the sentences given into each of the six patterns
shown in the model.
Ja palim kola lako.

Kola se pale lako.
Kola treba da se upale lako.
Ona je lako upalila kola.
On e lako upaliti kola.
Kola su lako upaljena.
Ja aljem pismo avionskom potom.

Ja einim sve to mogu za Jovana.
Danas perem i podmazujem auto.
Danas menjam ulje u kolima.
Jovan sada pregleda koenice i paljenje.
Mi troimo mnogo novca na hranu.
Oni gube mnogo vremena zbog rave veze s gradom.

GD 25.3 Questions and Answers - Model Drill

GD 25.3.1
Da li je sve mleko popijeno? Da sve mleko je popijeno.

Da li e sve mleko biti popijeno? Da, sve mleko e biti popijeno.
Da li su kocnice na mojim kolima Da, kocnice na vaim kolima su

popravljene? (do 4 sata) popravljene.
Kako je Jovan plaen? On je plaen vrlo dobro.
Kad je plaen racun? Raeun je plaen odmah, eim je dobijen.
Kad vam je vraen paso? Paso mi je odmah vraen.
Kad su kola oterana u garau? Kola su oterana jutros u garau.
Kad su deca odvedena u bioskop? Deca su odvedena u bioskop u 2 sata.
Kad su deca dovedena iz bioskopa? Deca su dovedena iz bioskopa u 5 sati.
Da li je svetlost pred vratima Da, upaljena je.
upaljena?
Da li je svetlost napolju ugaena? Da, ugaena je.
Da li je posao svren na vreme? Jeste, svren je.
Da li je Jovanu javljeno u koliko Da, javljeno mu je.
sati je vecera?
IDa li je Jovan izveten u koliko IDa, izveten je.
sati je vecera?
Da li je vaem prijatelju kazano Da, kazano mu je.
gde treba da doe?
Da li je va~em prijatelju receno Da, receno mu je.

gde treba da doe?
U kom hotelu vam je zauzeta soba? Soba mi je zauzeta u hotelu Metropol.

Da li su jagode i kolaci pojedeni Jagode jesu, a kolaci nisu, jer je
za veceru? jagoda bilo manje nego kolaca.
Da li su kupljene ulaznice za Da, kupljene su.
pozorite?
Kad su kola oprana ipodmazana? Kola su oprana i podmazana danas pre
podne.
Kad je promenjeno ulje? Ulje je promenjeno danas posle podne.
Dokle su danas otvorene radnje? Radnje su danas otvorene do 19 ~asova.
Da li su danas kupljene jabuke? Da, kupljene su.
Da li su u ponedeljak zatvorene Da, u ponedeljak su radnje zatvorene
radnje? zbog praznika.
Da li je danas donet na prtljag Ne, zao mi je, ali va prtljag nije
sa stanice? ~danas donet sa stanice.
590

Da li su nai kuferi uneti u voz? Da, gospodine, vai kuferi su uneti

u voz, eim je voz doao.
Da li su danas uzete karte za Da, uzete su.
pozorite?
Da li je neto uraeno za vaeg Da, uraeno je.
prijatelja?
/Da li je neto ucinjeno za vaeg IDa, ucinjeno je.
prijatelja?
Da li je izgubljeno mnogo vremena? Da, izgubljeno je.
Da li je napunjen akumulator? Da, napunjen je.
GD 25.3.2 Question and Answer Drill with Prompt
Jutros teram kola u garau da se Kad terate kola u garau da se operu i

operu ipodmazu. podmau?
IDa li danas terate kola u garau?
Ja nemam kadI da teram kola u garau. Hoete li vi terati kola ugarazu?
Neka to uradi ofer.
Treba pregledati koenice i paljenje. Da li treba pregledati koenice i
/Potrebno je pregledati koenice paljenje?
i paljenje. IDa li je potrebno pregledati kocnice
i paljenje?
Moja kola se pale dobro i kad je Kako se pale vaa kola kad je hladno
hladno vreme. vreme?
Pranje kola kota 1.000 dinara. Koliko kota pranje kola?
INe znam koliko kota pranje kola.
Garaa je poslala raeun za kola. Da li je garaa poslala racun za kola?
IGaraa jo nije poslala raeun.
Meni trebaju kola hitno. Opravite Za kad vam trebaju kola?
ih to pre. IZa kad su vam potrebna kola?
/Meni su potrebna kola hitno.
Opravite ih to je mogue pre.
Neka ofer doe odmah. Kad treba ofer da doe?
/Neka ofer doe to pre.

ofer je pomogao da se kola oprave. ta je radio ofer?
l
/kad/ = Ivreme/
591

Zora pomae 2 majci u kui. Da li Zora pomae majci u kui?

Zora pomae 2 roditelje. Da li Zora pomae roditelje?
Ravo vreme nas je sprecilo da ta vas je sprecilo da doete?
doemo.

GD 25.4.1 A B
to treba uraditi na vaem autu, Auto treba oprati ipodmazati.

gospodine?
Da li treba ulje promijeniti. Da, molim promijenite takoer i ulje.
Kakvo ulje zelite? Najbolje ulje, koje imate.
Je li to sve, gospodine. Ne, molim pregledajte kocnice i
paljenje.
Jutros sam jedva upalio auto.
Kad vam treba auto? Auto mi treba do podne.
U redu. Auto e biti gotov u podne. Dobro.
(U podne) Da li je gotov moj automobil?
Zao mi je gospodine, ali nije. Kako to? Vi ste rekli da e auto
biti gotov u podne.
Sve to zavisi od nas gotovo je. Da li se ovdje moze kupiti taj dio?
Auto je opran, podmazan, ulje
promijenjeno. Ali treba nam jedan
dio za kocnice.
Moze. Zato niste kupili?
Poslao sam jednog radnika da donese to je bilo s paljenjem?
taj dio iz radnje. Ocekujem ga
svakog casa da se vrati s tim
dijelom.
Nita. Akumulator je bio ispranjen. Da li ste ga napunili?
Da, napunjen je. ta mislite, kad e auto biti gotov.
Hitno mi je potreban. Molim vas
pozurite.
Do cetiri sata. ~im bude gotov mi Ja u poslati afera po auto.
emo vam javiti.
Molim, gospodine.
2
/pomagati/ t(with D) to help, (with A) to support I
592

lliTa Tpe6a ~a ce ypa~H Ha BamHW KO~HMa, Ko~ Tpe6a Aa ce onepy H nOAMa~y.
I"OCnO~HHe?
~a ~H Tpe6a y~e Aa ce npoueHH? ~a, npoueHHTe TaRo~e H y~e.
Haj6o~e y~e, Roje HMaTe.

Je ~H TO CBe, I"OCnO~HHe? He, nperJIeAajTe RO'lHHue H na~eHa.
JYTPOC caM jeAsa yna~Ho KO~.
3a Ka~ Bax Tpeajy KO~? Ko~a MH Tpe6ajy aa nOAHe.

Y pe~y. Ko~ he 6HTH. rOTosa y nO~He. ll,06po.
(Y I10,AHe) Aa ~ cy rOTOBa Moja KO~?
~o MM je rOcnO.AHHe, a~H HHCy. KaKO TO? BH eTe peKJIH Aa he KOfl~ 6HTH

rOTo:ea y nO.AHe.
CBe WTO aaBUCH O.A Hac rOTOBO je. Aa ~ Mo~e Taj Aeo Aa ce KynH OSAe?
Ko~ cy onpaHa, nO.AMa3aHa, y~e
npOUeHeHO. A~ Tpe6a HaM je.AaH

.Aeo 3a KO'lHHIJ;e.
Mo:ace. 3aWTO BHeTe KynH~?
noc~ao caM je.AHOr pa.AHHRa Aa AOHece lliTa je 6HJIO C na~eHeM?
Taj .Aeo H3 pa~He. O'leKyjeu ra

caaRor MOMeHTa Aa ce spaTH C THM
AeJIOM.
Aa JIH eTe rs. HanyHHJIH?
ll,a, Hs,nYHeH je. lliTa MHeJIHTe, Ka.A he KOM 6ftTH rO'l'OBa?
XHTHO cy MH nOTpe6Ha. MOJIHM sac
no:acypHTe.
LO '1eTHpH caTa. qMM 6y.AY I"OTOBa MH Ja hy nOCJI&TH llio~epa no KO~.
heMO sac HaseCTHTH.

MO~HM, rOCnO.AHHe.
GD 25.4.2
Auto je gotov, gospodine. Da li ste ga dovezli iz garae?
Jesam. Tu je pred ambasadom. Jeste donijeli racun?
Jesam. izvolte racun. est tisua osam sto pedeset dinara.
Evo vam novac, pa im odnesite.
Da li vam auto treba sada, gospodine? Ne treba meni, ali treba gospoi.
Molim idite s kolima doma i odvezite

gospou i dijete kod ljekara.
Molim, gospodine. Tamo ih pricekajte dok ljekar ne svri
pregled i onda ih vratite kui.
593

Ako gospoi slucajno auto treba duze? Vi mi onda javite, da znam.
Ko~ cy rOToBa, rocnO~HHe. )Ia JlH cTe HX ~OTepaJlH HS rapaxce?
JecaM. Ty cy npe~ aM6aca~oM. JecTe AOReAH pa~YH?
JecaM, H3BO~Te pa~YH. lliecT XH~~a ocaK cTOTHHa ne~eceT ~HHapa.
Eao BaM ROBan, na HM o~HecHTe.
~B ~H EaM KO~ Tpe6ajy ca~a, rocno~HHe? He Tpe6ajy YeHH, a~ Tpe6ajy rocnO~H.
HARTe c KOJlHMa KyhH H O~Be3HTe ~
H ~eTe KOA ~eKapa.
~OJlHM rocnoAHHe. TaMO HX ca~eKajTe AOK ~eKap He CBpmH

n~er~eA H OHAa HX B~aTHTe KyhH.
AKO rocnO~H c~~aJHO KOAa TJe6aJy Ay~e? BH MH OHAS jaBHTe, Aa 3HaM.

GD 25.5.1 Make the object of each of the following sentences the subject,
using the past participle of the verb. The original subject is to be omitted
in the trans form.
Ja sam kupio danas karte za voz u varoi.

Zora je otvorila vrata i prozor.
Mi smo pokazali juce Jovanu spomenik Neznanog junaka na Avali.
Prehranbena industrija je snabdela prodavnice konzervama.
Ja sam vam poslao novac po Jovanu.
Zora je rekla Jovanu da je vec era u 7 sati.
Jovan je proeitao novine eim ih Je uzeo.
Mi srno potroili ceo rezervoar benzina do Zagreba.
Mi srno zauzeli sobu za vas cim ste javili.
Ja sam izvestio Jovana da ne mogu doi.
GD 25.5.2 Repeat the above exercise, using /treba da bude/ (or /budu/),
according to the following model:
Zora je zatvorila vrata i prozore. Vrata i prozori treba da budu

zatvoreni.
594

SERBO- CROATIAN
SERBO-CROATIAN - ENGLISH VOCABULARY
Alphabetic Order
a b e ~ d d~ e f g h i j k l lj
m n nj o p r s ~ t u v z
Abbreviations
A Accusative
adv adverb
Cr Croatian
D Dative
f feminine
G Genitive
I Instrumental (with nouns)
I Imperfective (with verbs)
Imp Imperative
indecl indeclinable
L Locative
m masculine
N Nominative
n neuter
p Perfective
pert pertaining to
pl plural
prep preposition
pron pronominal
refl reflexive verb
V Vocative
(with A) preposition with Accusative
(with G) preposition or verb with Genitive
(with D) preposition with Dative
595

SERBO-CROATIAN
(with I) preposition with Instrumental
NOTES
l) The gender of nouns is given only if it is not regular i. e. if a consonant
noun is not masculine, if an a-noun is not feminine and if an 0- or e-noun is
not neuter.
2) The Genitive of the noun will be given (in abbreviated form where feasible)
immediately after the Nominative if it is different in spelling or stress i. e.
Amerikanac, -nca, automobil, -brla; posao, -sla etc.
3) The infinitive and present tense forms of verbs are given. Other forms
will be given if they are irregular. For verbs which in addition to regular
stress may have a shift in the first and second person plural of the present
tense these forms are given in parentheses (usually abbreviated) e. g. ~initi,

, j ,
inIm (-imo, ite).
4) Where verbs of the ijekavski dialect are not listed in full, reference is
made to the grammar note in which all fo~s are given i. e. svjldeti se (18.2)
Forms of the other dialect (ekavski or ijekavski) within an entry will be given
in brackets.
5) The conventional stress marks used in Serbo-Croatian orthography are not
used in this vocabulary. The following stress-marks are used instead:
1"1 instead of I~I (short falling)
I~I " " Ini (long falling)
I'j " " j" j (short rising)
I~j j'j
" " (long rising)
j-j " " jnj (length) (I-j also used conventionally)
6) If an adjective has a definite form, it is listed. The comparative is
listed only if it is irregular.
596

SERBO- CROATIAN
a and (in case of a contrast), but
ajdemo I ~jdemo / hajdemo, h~jdemo let's go

...
ako if
akumula:tor (storage) battery
~li but
alpski, -a, -o Alpine

'"
ambasada embassy
ameriki, -a, -o American
Amerik&nac, -nca American (man)

'"
Amerikanka American (woman)
AtIna / Atena Athens

'"
auto m automobile
'"
autObus I ~utobus bus
autom;bil, -bIla automobile
auto-puti ~utoput, -puta (up to date) highway, road
avionski, -a, -o pert. to airplane
b~mja spa
..
bar / barem at least
,
benzin,
- -~na
~
gasoline
b~nzinskI, -a, -o pert. to gasoline
Beograd Belgrade
'"
beogradski, -a, -o pert. to Belgrade
Beograanin
'"
pl Beograani man from Belgrade
bez (wi th G) without
bljel, bij~la, -o [beo]; bijeli; bj~ljI white
bioskop movies, movie theater
biti, present: I (j~)sam, (je)si, (je)stl (je)ste / je, (j~)smo, (j~)ste,

(j~)su;
597

SERBO-CROATIAN
negative: nIsam [nij~sam] etc.; P b~dem etc.; imperfect: b~jah [bijah],

b~h [bj~h]; aorist: bih, bI, bl, bismo, biste, bi~e; past part. bio, bila
biznismen business man
blagajna treasury, ticket window
blagdan holiday
blagdanom on holiday, holidays

,
blizu near, nearby (with G)
B6g, Boga pl b;govi God

,
b;gat, bogata, -o rich
b;jati se, bojim se I to be afraid of (with G)
bolji, -a, -e, better
bolje adv. better
bora.nija string beans

, ,
boravak, boravka sojourn
braca brothers
brat pl braca brother

,
brdo Gpl brda hill
brdo"Ji t, -a -o hilly
fast, quick
fast, quickly (adv)
brinuti (se), brlnem (se) I (p z~brinuti se) to worry
br5j, -oja, 01 brojevi number, size

,
bUl~va:r, -ara boulevard
carinski, -a, -5 pert. to customs
c~na [cijena] price
c~o, c~la, -o [cljel / clo]; c~li
cesta road, street

. ,
cljel/ cio, cijela, -o [eeo]: cijeli whole entire
cijena [cena] price
598

SERBO- CROATIAN
crkva Gpl cfkava church

I ...
Saborna crkva Orthodox cathedral
black
~k even
~s pl ~sovi hour; class
glass
~ekaonica / eka~nica [~ekaona (cr)] waiting room
~kati, ~ek~ I (p s~~ekati) to wait for
~est, ~~sta, -o; ~sti; ~~i frequent, often
~~sto frequently
~e~6e more frequently, more often

,
etiri four
,
etvrtak, -tka Thu~'sday
ijI, -a, -
- -e, whose
... ...
~im / Im as soon as
inovnIk pl inovnIci [~in~vnrk] civil s6rvaht, official, officer (civil)
~initi; cinim, (-Irno -rte); ~injen I (p u~initi) to do, to make; refl.

to seem
... ,
ist, ista, -o; ~istI clean, pure
,
~istoa cleanliness
~itati; ~itam, (-~o ate); ~itan (p pro~itati)

I to read, be reading
,
Gpl ljudI man, pl people; one
to hear
da yes
da (clause introducer)
da li (interrogative expression); whether
dabome of course
pa dab6me why of course
599

SERBO- CROATIAN
d~lji, -a, -e farther, further

, ,
itd (i tako dalje' etc.
d~n L d~nu Gpl dana D lpl dinima day

nekI d~n couple of days ago
,
danas today
dati) da dam, d~o, dite, daju; dao, d~la; d~n / d~t, d~na /d~ta
(dana / d~ta) P (l d~vati) to give
d~vati; dajem / d~jem, d~ju / d~ju; d~van l (p dati) to be giving

d~je se is given, shown
d~vno a long time ago

, ""
deo m G dela L delu pl delovi [dio] part, section
,
deset ten
,
desiti se; da se d~sI P (l de~~vati se) to happen, occur
d~snI, -a, -o right

..
d~sno / na desno on the right
, ,
deavati se; d~ava se l (p desiti se) to be happening, occurring
, , , ,
dete G deteta pl deca [dijete, djetata, djeca] child
dinar / dinar Gpl dinara dinar

, ,
dio m G dijela pl dijelovi [deo] part
,
divan, -vna, -vno wonderful
do to, tilI until (with G)

,
doba n pl indecl time, point, period of time
,
dobar, d~bra, -o; dobri; boljt good
well
supplier
, , ,
dobIjati; dobIjam, dobIjaju; dobI j an , l (p dobiti) to be getting, receiving
, ~" ,
dobiti; da dobijem; dobio, dobIla; dobiven / dobijen -ena p (l dobIjati)
to get, to obtain, receive
dobro farm, estate, pl goods

,
poljoprivredno dobro state farm
600

SERBO- CROATIAN
d5~!; da dOem: d;~ao / d~ao, d~la P (I d~laziti) to come

doci do to come about
dogaati se: d~gaa se I (p dog~diti se) to be happening, occurring
dog~diti se: da se d~godr P (I dog~dati se) to happen, occur

,
pl dojmovi impression
..
dok while
...
dok ne until
d;lar dollar
d~19ziti; d~lazlm I (p d~~i) to be coming

dolaziti do to come about
,
dolina valley
home
d~neti, [d~nijeti, donij~ti]; da qon~sem; d;neo, [d;nio], don.ela:[d~nijela];

don~site; donet [d;nijet] / don~sen -ena p (I don;siti) to bring by carrying.
don~siti: d~nosrm I (p d~neti) to be bringing (by carrying)
d~padati se: d~pada se I (p d~pasti se) to be pleasing to (with D)
d~pasti se; da se d~padne; d~pao, d~pala P (I d~padati se) to please

(with D)
..
dosta enough
up to (certain point of time or space)
dov~sti: da dov~zem; d~vezao, dov~zla; dov~zen, -ena p (I dov~ziti) to

drive to:, refl. to come by car
d;voljan, -ljna, -o sufficient

"
dovoljno enough
dov~ziti; d~vozIm; d~vo!en I (p dov~sti) to be driving to; refl. to be

coming by car
, " ,
dozvoliti; da dozvolIm; dozvoljen P ( Idozvoljavati) to allow, permit
dozvoljivati: dozv~ljavam I (p dozv;liti) to be allowing, permitting
dear
dear (adv)
" mi je
drago lim glad
drugi, -a,-o other, second
601

SERBO- CROATIAN
drJtvo society, company

~
drava state
; ~
duan, -ana shop, store
dug, -a, -o / d~gaak, dug~~ak, -cka, cko: d~zi long
dcr along (with G)
dITnost f I d&no~~u duty
dv~ ~m n) dv~ (f) [dvlje] two

dvaju G m and n of two
dv5-trr / dv&tri a couple (with roasculine nouns)
dv~-trt / dv~trl [dvlje-trI / dvijetri] a couple (with feminine nouns)
, "
aak G aka v ae pl dac i pupil
ekspres express, international train
~ngleski, -a, -o English

,
evo here is
~
Evropa Europe
film pl filmovi film, picture

; ~
Francuz, -uza Frenchman
fr~ncusk[, -a, -o French
Fr~ncuska D Fr~ncuskoj France
garage
g~siti: g~sim: g~en I (p ugisiti, pogisiti) to extinguish, to turn off
gde [gdje] where
main, chief
gledati: gledam I (p pogledati) to look
god ever
godina year
godinji, -a, -e yearly, annual
gora mountain
,
go-rak, -rka, -rko; gorki bitter
602

SERBO-CROATIAN
g6r~i, -a, -e bitterer, with less sugar

~
gotov, -a, -o ready, prepared; finished, done

,
gospoda gentlemen
g~spodo! gentlemen
gospodin pl gospoda sir, mister, gentleman

gospodine! sir!
gospoa madam, ma'ma lady
gospoica miss
, ..
gost, gosta N gosti G gostiju D I gostima A goste guest, cllstomer
g~vedina / g;vedina beef
gov;riti, g;vorim, imp gov;rite I (no p) to speak
gr~d L grdu pl N gradovi G grad5va DI grad6vima city
in the country, outside the city
-
-a, -o pert. to city
granica border, frontier, limit
gr~~ak, -ska peas
Grka D Grkoj Greece
grki, -a, -o Greek
g~biti, g~bIm I (p izgubiti) to loose
hajd~mo / ajd~mo or hajdemo / ~jdemo let's go
h~rtija paper
hiljada thousand
hitan, -tna, -tno urgent
hl~dan, -dna, -dno; hl~dni cold
hleb pl hlebovi bread, loaf of bread
h~tel hotel
,
hrana food
Croat
h;vatskI, -a, -o, Croatian

H~vatska D H~vatskoj Croatia
603

SERBO- CROATIAN
hteti, [htjet~; h;u, hoe~, ho~e, h;~mo, h;~ete, h;e (enclict!c: cu~,ce,
ce, cem9- cete"ce); ht~o, htela [ht~o, htjela]; neg. pres.: neu, nece~
n~ce, necemo, necete, nece to will, want to; will (future)
thanks
i and, also, too
i ... i ... both .. and ..
iako although
ici; idem I idem (id~mo, id~te); iao I iao, i~la I l~la I (p otIi) to be
going, to go
iduct, -a, -e next, going

...
ikakav, -kva, kvo any
ili or
, , " ....,
imati; imam (imamo, imate); neg.: neman, nemaju I (no p) to have
lme, imena pl imena Gpl im~na name
otherwise, moreover, in addition, besides
ind{;strija industry
,
interesantan, -tna, -tno interesting
interesIrati (se); inter~sIra (se) Cr. I (p zainteresIrati) to interest;

(with Ise/) to be interested (in: za)
interesovati (se); interesuje me I (p zainteresovati se) to interest;

(with Ise/) to be interested (in: za)
nevertheless, still
,
iskoristiti; da iSk;rIstim P (I koristiti) to use, make use of
ispravan, -vna, -vno in good order; honest
lspr~zniti; da ispraznim; ispranjen p (I pr~zniti / isparznjivati) to

empty, discharge
ispranJivati; ispraznjujem I (p ispr~zniti) to be emptying, discharging
ispred prepo in front of, before
ispr~siti; da isprosim P (I pr;siti) to ask, beg; ask in marriage
isti , -a , -o same
, ...
isto tako also
604

SERBO-CROATIAN
ls~ina truth
istina to tell the truth (adv)
iz from, out of (with G)
iza behind (with G)

, " ~ ,
izai / izii; da izaem / iziem; izaao / iziao p (I izlaziti) to go out
izbei / iZb~gnuti [izbjei / iZbjegnuti]1 da izbegnem; izbegao, izbegla (22.3);

p (I izbegavati) to avoid
iZbeg~vati [izbjeg~vati] (22.3): iZb~gavam I (p iZbei) to be avoiding

~
izgl~dati; izgledam I (no p) to look, appear, look like
izg~biti: da izgubim p (I g~biti) to lose
izlaZak, izlaska pl izlasci going out
izlaziti; iZlazim I (p iz~i / izIi) to be going out, go out
lzlet excursion, trip, picnic
iznenada suddenly
izmeriti; da izmerim [izmjeriti] (24.2) p (I m~riti) to measure, weigh
iznen~diti: da izn~nadIm p (I iznenaIvati) to surprise: refl. to be surprised
iznenaIvati, iznen~ujem I (p iznen~diti) to surprise; refl. to be surprised
izuzev except (with G)
izvan / van outside (with G)

, ,
izvestan, izvesna, -o certain
izv~stiti, da izvestIm [izvj~stiti] (note 23.4) P (I izve~t~vati) to inform,

let know, report
izve~t~vati, izv~~tavam [izvje~t~vati / izvje~ivati] (23.4) I (p izv~stiti)

to be informing, reporting
~ ~ ~
izviniti, da izvinim p (I izvinjavati) to excuse: refl. to apologize

~
izvinite excuse me
~ ~ ~
izvinjavati, izvinjavam I (p izviniti) to excuse: refl. to apologize

~ ~ ~
izvoleti, da izvolim p (I izvolevati) to deign, to be pleased to
izvol~vati, izv~leva, I (p izv~leti) to deign, condescend
izv~iti, da izvr~Im p (I v~iti) to carry out, execute
605

SERO-CROATIAN
..
ja I
j~buka apple, apple-tree
j~gnjetina / j~njetina lamb
j~goda strawberry
"
jaje "
G jajeta "
pl jaja egg
strong
j~o very
j~viti, da j~vIm: j~vljen P (I j~vljati) to report, let know: refl. to

report (oneself) to greet
j~vljati, j~vljam I ( P j~viti) to report, let know: refl. to report

(oneself), greet
j~dan, -dna, -dno one
jed~nput / jed~put once
j~dinI, -a, -o only (adj)
j~dva barely
j~ftin / j~vtin, -a, -o cheap
j~ l'te / j~l'te is that so (interrogative sentence fina~
jer because, for
j~st / jeste yes
jesti; jed~m; jeo, -la I (p p~jesti) to be eating, to eat
j~zik pl j~zici language, tongue
jo~ yet, still

..
jug south
Jugosl!vija / Jug~slavija Yugoslavia
Jugosl~v~n / Jugosliv~n, -~na Yugoslav (man)
Jugosl~v~nka / Jugosliv~nka Yugoslav (woman)
jugoslov~nskI / jugosliv~nskI, -~, -~ Yugoslav
j~ha (cr.) soup
hero, brave man
morning
606

SERBO- CROATIAN
ju!nI / jalni, -a, -o, pert. to south, southern
k, ka to, toward (with D)
kad .. when..
nemam kad I don't have the time
coffee
kaf;na / kav;na coffee house, coffee shop

".
kakav, -kva, -kvo what kind, what [is it] like?
k~9 h~
kako god whatever, however
,
kancelarija office
,
kancelarijski,
- -a, -5 pert. to office
..
kao.. like, as
kao i as well as
kao to as (plus verb)
kirtf card, ~icket

geografska karta map
k~san, -sna, -sno late
kasno late
kasnije later
k~tkad / k~tkada sometimes
k;va / k;fa coffee
coffee house
k;zalIste theater
,
k5zati, da ki~em p ( I kazivati) to say
,
kazIvati, k;zujem I (p kizati) to be saying (rePeatedly)
..
kI G k6~ri A k~r Gpl k6~rI daughter
k~lner waiter
..
kifla crescent-shaPed roll
kilogram kilogram
kilometar, -tra kilometer

~
kino m movie theater, movies
607

SERBO-CROATIAN
kla rain
pada kla it is raining
to rain
,
pl kljuevi key
, ~
V kn~!e pl kn~levi / kn~zovi G kne~eva / knezova prince

,
knjilara books tore
ko who
k5nica brake
kod at, by, at the home of, at the place of (with G)

, -
koji, -ii, e, D kojem / k5m which
kola n pl car
,
kola', -aa cake, pastry
kolikI/kolikI, -a, -o how big
koliko / koliko how much, how many
kolodvor (Cr.) railway-station

,
konobar, -ara waiter
konzerva canned food

/
konzulat, -ata consulate
korIstiti, krlstIm I (p iskorIstiti) to use, to make use of
k6tati, k5ta I (no p) to cost
kotlina mountain basin, depression
kov~eg pl kovcezi G kovcega suitcase
k6verat, -rta envelope
end; part, section, region
kr~san, -sna, -sno wonderful
krevet / krevet bed

.:
krompIr, -1ra [krump1r]
, ... potatoes
kroz through, within (time) (with A)
kruh (cr.) bread
608

SERBO-CROATIAN
kruka pear, pear-tree

ku6a house, home
kod kuce at home
ku6i (to) home
kuda where to, whither
kufer /kofer suitcase
kupa5na / kupaonica (Cr.) bathroom
kupatilo bathroom
kupe m compartment (train)
kUpiti j da kUpIm; kUpljen P (I kupovati) to buy
kupina blackberry
kupovati; kupujem; kuvovao, kupovala; kupovan I (p kUpiti) to be buying
kvalitet, -~ta quality
kv.r pl kvifrovi breakdown
kvifriti; kvrIm I (p pokv~riti) to spoil, to put out of order
lak, laka / laka, -o; lakI light, easy

l~nIk pl l~nIci [lijenik] doctor
lekar, -ifra [ljekar] doctor
l~nj, l~nja, l~nje / l~njo; l~njI, -aj -e; -a, -e (comp.) [Iljen]
lazy
leti [ljeti] in summer
leto [ljeto] summer
letovanje [ljetovanje] summer vacation
l~p, l~pa, -o; [lijep] l~pI; lepI beautiful, handsome, nice
l~vI, -a, -6 [lijevi] left
l~vo / na l~vo (on the) left
li (question particle)
lino personally
lijenik pl lijenIci [l~nIk] doctor
lijen, lijena, -o [l~nj]; lijenI; ljeniji / ljenjI lazy
lijep, lijepa, -o [l~p]; lijepI; ljepI beautiful, handsome, nice
lijevI, -a, -6 [l~vI] left
lijevo / na lijevo (on the) left
lItar / litar, lItra / litra liter
lo, -a, -e bad
ljekar, -ifra doctor

ljeti [leti] in summer
609

SERBO-CROATIAN
ljeto [leto] summer

ljetovanje [letovanje] summer vacation
ljubazan, -zna, -zno kind
ljUdi G ljUdI men, people
ljnt, ljUta, -~; ljntI; lJUI angry, mad; hot (food)
ljutiti; ljUtIm I (p naljatiti) to anger, irritate, annoYi refl. to
be angry, irritated, annoyed
mada although
magazIn, -Ina department store
mahuna podi pl. string beans
~jka G pl majkI / majaka mother
mklI, -a, -o; manj~ -, -e small, little
malo a little
malo pr~ a short while ago
malina raspberry
materijal, -ij~la material
meun~rodnIJ -a, -o international
m~njati, m~njam [mijenjati] (22.3) I (p prom~niti) to change
mera [mjera] measure
meriti, merlm [mjeriti] (24.2) I (p izmerlti) to measure, weigh
mesecno [mjesecno] monthly
m~so meat
mesto [mj esto] place, seat
mesto / Umesto [mjesto / Umjesto] instead (With G)
m~tarskI, -a, -o metric
m~tarska c~nta metric qUintal, 100 kilograms
mI we
minut, -uta Gpl minat minute
mIo, mIla, -Oj mllI dear, engaging, loveable
mIr, mIra peace
mIsliti, mislIm I (p pomisliti) to think (na, o of, about)
ml~lj~nje opinion
ml~d, ml~da, -Oi mldIj mlaI young
ml~ko [mlijeko] milk
mnogI, -a, -e a great many, many
.
mnogo much, many, a lot, a number
mnj~nje [mnlj~nje] opinion
J!vno mnJ~nje public opinion
610

SERBO- CROATIAN
moi; mogu, moe -e -emo -ete, mogu; mogao, mogla I (no p) to be able
" .f.' /..., , ,
mogue, moguea, -e mogucan, -ena, -eno possible
mogUe / mogUno possible (adv)
"-
to je mogne pr~ as soon as possible

m5j, moja, -e my, mine
moliti; molim I (p zamoliti) to beg, pray, ask politely
molim please; you Ire welcome
momenat, -nta moment
m5ratij m5r~m I (no p) to have to, be obliged to
moravskl, -~, -o pert. to Morava (river)
m5torni, -a, -o pert. to motor
moda perhaps
muz~j, -~ja museum
mU pl muevi Gpl mu~va hus band
na on, to (place where - D; place to which - A)

n~i; da n~~m; naao / naao, nala; n~en (I nalaziti) to find
n~dati se; n~dam se I (no p) to hope
... I
najbolji, -a, -~ best, the best
n~jjeftlnijI, -a, -e cheapest
n~jl~pI [najljepi], -a, -e the most beautiful
... I
najskuplji, -a, -e the most expensive
n~jvlI, -a, -~ highest
n~jvle the most
n~jzgodnijI, -a, -e the most convenient
nalaziti; nalazim I (p n~i) to be finding
nalazI se is located
naljutiti; da naljutIm P (I ljITtiti) to make angry, to irritate, annay;
to be angry, to be irritated, annoyed
namervati [namjer~vati] (21.3); namerav~m I (no p) to intend, plan
n~mirnica food
ivotne nmirnice victuals, foodstuff, food
nanIzati; da nani~m P (I nIzati) to string up; refl. line up, file
napIsati; da napi~m P (I pIsati) to write
napolju outside
napraviti; da napravIm P (I praviti) to make
napuniti; da napunim P (I pUniti) to fill up
n~ravno naturally, of course
611

SERBO-CROATIAN
n~rodnI, -a, -o national

naseliti; da naselIm; naseljen P (I naseljvati) to settle
naselj~vati; naseljavam I (p naseliti) to settle
nastaviti; da nastavIm P (I nastavljati) to continue
nastavljati; nastavljam I (p nastaviti) to be continuing
na, naa, nae our, ours
,
ne no, not
nedelja [nedjelja] Sunday, week
nedeljom [nedjeljom] on Sunday, Sundays
nedelju d~na a week (Ione week of days-)
nedeljno [nedjeljno] weekly
nedost~tak, -tka pl nedost~ci lack, shortcoming, drawback
nedovoljan, -ljna, -ljno insufficient, inadequate
negde [negdje] someplace, somewhere
nego / no than, but (contrastive)
neka let
neka ade let him (here) in
nekI, -a, -o some
nekI d~n couple, few days ago
nek! pat sometimes
neko somebody, someone, some (pron)
nekoliko several
N~mac, -mca [Nijemac] German (man)
nemakI [njemakI], -a, -o German
Nemaka [Njemaka] D Nema~koj Germany
n~mati, n~ma:m to have not, lack
n~ma na emu don1t mention it
Nemica [Njemica] German (woman)
nemojte don't
neocekivano unexpect~dly
unwillingly
something, some
neuredan, -dna, -dno untidey
nezadovoljan, -ljna, -ljno dissatisfied
nezgoda / nezgoda mishap, trouble
,
neznan, -a, -o unknown
ni / nlti neither
ni .. ni / nlti . nlti neither . nor
nikakav, -kva, -kvo not of any kind
612

SERBO-CROATIAN
nigde [nigdje] nowhere

nijedanput / nijedamput not any time, not at all
nIkad never
nIko no one
nimalo not a bit, not at all
nIta nothing
nizati; n!z~m I (p nanizati) to string up; re~l. to line up, file
n5 f G noi, L noi, I nou pl N nOi G noI D noima night
,,
nocu during the night
nijedan, -dna, -dno no one, not anyone
nov, nova, -o; novI; novijI new
,
novac, n6vca pl n5vci G nova:e a: money
novine f pl newspaper
njegov, -a, -o his, its

nj~n, nj~na, -o her, hers
njIhov, -a, -o their
o about (with D)
obavetgnje information
obiean, -ena, -eno usual, ordinary, common, commonplace
obieno usually, as a rule, generally
obitelj f (Cr) family
oblaean, -ena, -eno cloudy
oboje both (collective)
obraati; obram I (p obr!titi) to turn, convert; refl. to turn to, apply to
obraati / obr!titi p!znju to pay attention
obrtiti; da obra:tIm P (I obraati) to turn, convert; refl. to turn to,
apply to
oekivati; oekuj~m I (no p) to expect
od from (with G)
odakle from where
odatle from there
oda:vno a long time ago
odgov~rati; odgova:ram I (p odgovoriti) to be answering
odgovoriti; da odgovorIm P (I odgovArati) to answer
odlazak, odlaska pl odlasci departure, leaving
odlaziti; odlazIm I (p otii) to be going off or away, to be leaving
613

SERBO-CROAT~
odmah immediately, at once

odmArati sej odmAram se I (p odmoriti se) to be resting, relaxing
odmor rest, vacation, break (school)
odmoriti se; da se odmorIm P (I odmarati se) to rest, relax
odn~ti [odnijeti]; da odneSm; odneo [odnio], odnela [odnijela]; odnet
[odnijet] / odnesen -ena p (I nositi / odnos~t1) to carry away, to take
away (by carrying)
odnositi; odnosIm I (p odn!ti) to be carrying away, to be taking away (less
common); refl. to refer to (main verb)
odr~sti; da odr~st~m; odrastao, odr~sla P (I r~sti) to grow up (for animate
only)
odrastao, odr~sla adult (adj)
odr~ati; da odr~1m P (I odr~gvati) to maintain, keep, hold
odr~~vati; odr~~v~m I (p odr~ati) to be maintaining, keeping, holding
ods~dati; ods~d~m rodsj~dati] I (odsesti) to be putting up, staying for a
short while
odsesti; da odsedn!m; odseo , -la [odsjesti] P (I ods~dati) to put UP, stay
for a short while
odsj~dati; odsj~d~m [ods~dati] I (p odsjesti) to be putting up, staying
for a short while
odsjesti; da odsjedn~m; odsjeo / odsio, odsjela [odsesti] P (Iodsjedati)
to put up, stay for a sho~t while
odvesti; da odved~m; odveo, odvela; odveden -ena p (I voditi and odvoditi)
to lead away, to take away; to drain off
odvesti; da odvez~m; odvezao, odvezla; odvezen -ena p (I voziti and odvoziti)
to drive; refl. to ride
odvoditi; odvodim I (p odvesti) to be leading off, takin away; drain off
odvoziti; odvozlm; odvo~en I (p odvesti) to be driving away; refl. to be
riding away
mirror
oko around, about (With G)
okolica / okolica surrounding area
okolina surrounding area
okr~nuti; da okr~n!m P (I okretati / okr~tati) to turn
okretati / okretati; okr~!m I (p okr~tati) to be turning
olovka Gpl olOvkI pencil
omiljen, -a, -o favorite, beloved
omot envelope
~n he
614

SERBO-CROAT~
,
ona she, it (reference to feminine noun)
na they (n)
onaj, ona, onO that
onO that, those Ugr~n)
onda then
6nde [6ndje] there
oni they (m)
ono it (reference to neuter noun), tha~
opasan, -sna, -sno dang~rous
op~t again
opratati; opr~tam I (p opr08titi) to be pardoning; refl. to be taking
leave
oprati; da oper~m p (I prati) to wash
opraviti; da oprav!m P (I opravljati) to repair, fix
opravljati; opravlj~m I (p opraviti) to be repairing, fixing
oprostiti; da oprost!m P (I pratati and opratati) to pardon, refl. to take
leave
opsk~biti; da opskrb!m P (I opskrbljIvati) to supply
opskrbljfvati; opskfbljujam I (p ops~biti) to be supplying
osam eight
osim besides, ex~ept (with G)
5sm1, -a, o eight
ostajati; ostaj~m I (p ostati) to be staying
ostati; da ostanam P (I ostajati) to stay
oteen, -a, -o damaged
otac, oca pl o~evi father
oterati [otjerat~; da oteram [otjeram]; oteran [otjeran] p (I terati) to
drive off, drive away
otfi; da od~m; otiao, otila P (I ii / odlaziti) to go away, to leave
otklanjati; otklanjam I (p otkloniti) to remove, be removing (breakdown)
otkloniti; da otklon!m P (I otklanjati) to remove (breakdown)
otkud(a) where from, whence
otprilike approximately
otv~rati; otvaram I (p otvoriti) to be opening, to open
otvoriti; da otvorIm P (I otv~rati) to open
ovaj, ova, ovo this
ovo this, these (pron)
ovakav, -kva, -kYo / ovaki, -a, -o this kind
ovako this kind, way (adv)
615

SERBO-CROATIAN
ovamo here, hither

5vde [5vdje] here
5vde-5nde [5vdje-5ndje] here and there
ozbiljan, -ljna, -ljno serious
oeniti se; da se oenIm; ozenjen P (I eniti se) to get married (of man)
pa (phrase initial particle); and (stressed); well

pa i even
padati; pad~m I (p pasti) to be falling, to fall
p~liti; pIIm; p~ljen I (p up~liti / zap~liti) to light, set fire
p~ljenje ignition
papIr, -fra paper
papirnica stationery store
para cent; pl. money (in eastern Yugoslavia)
park pl parkovi park
p~so passport
pasulj, -Ulja beans
p~nja attention
periferija outskirts
p~t five
p~tak, -tka pl p~ci G p~tak~ Friday
pfe drink, beverage
pijaca market place
pirina, pirIna rice
pisaI, -a, -e pert. to writing
pfsati; pIem I (p napfsati) to be writing, to write
pfsmo Gpl pIs~m letter
pItanje question, problem
pftati; pItam I (P upftati / zapftati) to ask a question; refl. to wonder
piti; pijem; pio, pfla I (p popiti) to be drinking, to drink
pIvo beer
pl~ati; plam I (p pl~titi) to be paying, to pay
plaiti; plaIm I (p uplaiti) to frighten, scare; refl. to be frightened
pl~titi; da pl~tIm P (I PI~ati) to pay
plodan, -dna, -dno fertile, frUitfUl, capiaus, prolific
po (With A) after; (With D) according to; (distributive) per, by the,
throughout
p~ half
616

SERBO-CROATIAN
pobojati se, da se pobojIm P (1 bojati se) to be afraid of (With G)

poe~ti; da poen~m; poeeo, poo~la; poe~t p (1 poeinjati) to begin, start
poeinjati; poeinj~m 1 (p poe~ti) to be beginning, starting
p5i; da p~~m; poao, -la P (1 polaziti) to start, leave, depart
podmazati; da podma~m P (1 podmazfvati) to grease, lubricate
podmazfvati; podmazuj~m 1 (p podmazati) to be greasing, lubricating
podmazIvanje greasing, lubricating
p5dne noon
pr~ p5dne before noon, AM
I ,
posle p5dne afternoon, PM
danas posle p5dne this afternool~
pog~siti; da pogasIm P (1 g~siti) to extinguish, turn off
pogledati; da pogledam P (1 gledati) to look at, glance at
pojedinaean, -ena, -eno individual
pojesti; da pojed~m; pojeo, -ela; pojeden P (1 jesti) to eat up, finish
eating
pok~zati; da poka~m P (1 pokazfvati) to show, demonstrate
pokaZIvati; pokazuj~m 1 (P pok~zati) to be showing, demonstrating
pokraj beside (With G)
pokv~riti; da pOkvarIm P (1 kv~riti) to spoil, get out of order
pokvaren, -a, -o spoiled (food); out of order (apparatus); corrupt (persons)
pola / pa half
polazak, polaska pl polasci departure, start
polaZiti; polazIm 1 (p p5i) to be starting, leaving, departing
poloaj position; location (city)
poljoprivrednI, -a, -5 agricultural
pomtgati; poma~m; pom~gao, -ala; pomagan 1 (p pomoi) to be ~elping,
assisting, aiding
pomisliti; da pomislIm P (1 mIsliti) to think
pomo f help, assistance, aid
pomoi; da pomogn~m; pomogao, pomogla / pomogla; pomognut P (1 pomAgati)
to help, assist, aid
ponedeljak / ponedeljnik pl ponedeljci G ponedelj~k~ Monday
ponekad sometimes
popiti; da popij~m; popio, popIla; popIt / popljen -ena p (1 pIti) to drink
up, finish drinking
popraviti; da popravIm P (1 popravljati) to repair, to correct, to improve
popravljati; popravlJ~m I (p popraviti) to repairing, correcting, improving
617

SERBO-CROATIAN
pored beside, next (with G)

I ,
pored toga besides that, in addition to that
por~ati; da por~am P (I r~ati) to line, file; refl. to file up, line up
porodica family
portIr, -Ira desc clerk (hotel)
poruka message
posao, posla m pl poslovi G posl~v work, Job
imam posla lim busy
poseta [posjeta] visit
poslatij da po(a)ljemj poslao; posl~n / poslt p (I slati) to send
posle after (With G)
poslednjI [poslijednjI], -, -e last, the last
poslovan, -vna, -vno pert. to business
poslovan ovek business man
poslUiti; da posluIm P (I slUiti / posluIvati) to serve
posluIvati; posluujem I (p posluiti) to be serving
postelja bed
postepeno gradually
posUditi; da posudIm P (I posuIvati) to loan
pOSUIvati; posuujem I (p posUditi) to be loaning, to loan
pota post office, mail
poto after, since, as
potekoa diffiCUlty
potpuno completely
potr~iti; da potraIm P (I tr~iti) to seek, demand, ask for, look for
potreban, -bna, -bno necessary
potroa, -~a consumer
potroiti; da potroIm P (I troiti) to spend, consume
poverovati [povjerovati] (25.3); da poverujem p (I verovati) to believe
, ,
povrce vegetable, vegetables
pozajmIti; da pozjmIm P (1 pozajmljIvati) to loan
pOZdrav greeting
pozdraviti; da pozdravIm P (1 pozdravljati) to greet
pozIvati; pozIv~m I (p pozvati) to be invating, calling
poznati; da poznam; poznt P (1 poznvati) to recognize (a person); to be
acquainted with
poznat, -a, -o known, famous
poznvati; poznajem 1 (p poznati) to be acquainted with, to know
618

SERBO-CROATIAN
~zorite theater
pozvati) da pozov~m~ pozvao, pozvala) pozvan / pozvat p (I pozrvati) to invite
poaliti se, da se poalIm P (I aliti [se]) to complain
poeleti [poeljeti]; da poelim P (I eleti) to wish, to want to
poUriti) da pourIm P (I Uriti) to hurry
pr~nje washing
pritatij pr~t~ I (p oprostiti) to pardon) refl. to take leave
prati, perem) prao, prala I (p oprati) to be washing
praviti, pravrm I (p napraviti) to be making
prkznlk pl. praznIci holiday
pr~znIkom on holiday, holidays
prav, -a, -o right, just; straight
,
prav straight; just
,
pravac, -vca direction
pr~vo right; pl. law studies
blti u pr!vu / imati pravo to be right
pr~zan, -zna, -zno empty, vacant
prazniti; praznIm I (p izpr~zniti) to empty
pr! [prlje] before, ago (with G)
malo pr~ a short while ago
pr~ nego to before (plus verb)
to pre as soon as possible
pr~i; da pr!~m; preao, prela; pr~en P (I prelaziti) to cross
pred(a) in front of, before (with G)
preda mn~m in front of me
pr~deo [pr~djel] m G pr~dela [predjela] pl. pr~deli [pr~djeli] region,
area, landscape; pl. countryside
predgrae suburbs
pr~gled / pregl~d [pr~jegled] survey, examination, inspection
pregledati; da pregled~ P (I pregl~dati / pregledivati) to examine, check
pregl~dati; pregl~d~ I (p pregledati) to be examining, checking
pregledavati; pregledav~ I (pregledati) to be examining, checking
,
prehranbeni /prehrambeni,
' -a, -o food-, pert. to food
prehranbena industrija food industry
pr~kid interruption, break
preko across (With G)
preko puta across from (With G)
prek(o)sutra the day after tomorrow
619

SERBO- CROATIAN
pr~laz [prijelaz] crossing, pass

prelaziti; prelazIm I (p pr~oi) to be crossing, going over
prema towards, according to (with D)
pretrpan, -a, -o crowded
prevesti; da preved~m; preveo, prevela P (I prevoditi) to translate, to
cross (road)
previe too much
prevoditi; prevodIm I (p prevesti) to be translating, to be crossing (road)
pr~vozni, -a, -o pert. to transport
prfbor set, kit, outfit
priekati; da pr!ek~m p (I priekfvati) to wait
priekfvati; priekuj~m I (p priekati) to wait
prijatan, -tna, -tno pleasant, agreable, nice
prijem [prfmanje] reception, party; receipt
prflino rather, fairly
pri~ti; pr~mam I (p primiti) to be receiving, accepting
prfmiti; da prImIm; prImljen p (I prfmati) to receive, accept
prijatelj friend
primorskI, -a, -o coastal, seaside, littoral
prfrodan, -dna, -dno natural
prfrodno naturally
prljav, -a, -o dirty
proitati j da proitam -dmo -~te; proitao, procitala; procitan P (I citati)
to read through, finish reading
praoi; da pr5emj proao / proao, prola p (prolaziti) to pass by, go
through
;
pr~ci
, "
dobro to fare well
prodati; da prod~m, prod~mo P (I prod~vati) to sell
prod~vatij prodaj~m I (p prodati) to be selling
prodavnica sales outlet
prodUiti; da produIm P (I produ~vati) to continue
produ~vati; produavam I (prodUiti) to be continuing
proizvod product
proizvoa, -aca producer
prolaziti; prolazim I (p prOi) to be going through
prolee [proljee] spring
proletnjI [proljetnjI], -a, -~ pert. to spring
prolenI [proljenI], -a, -o
proletnI [proljetnI], -~, -O
620

SERBO-CROATIAN
prom~niti [promijeniti] (22.3); promenjen p (I m~njati) to change

prOmet traffic, turnover (goods)
prositi; prosIm I (p isprositi) to ask, to beg, ask in marriage
prost, -a, -o simple, vulgar
prosto simply, vulgarly
proI!, -~, -~ past, last
provesti; da proved~m; proveo, -ela; proveden -ena p (I provoditi) to take
through; to spend, pass (time)
provoditi; provodIm I (p provesti) to take through; to spend, pass (time)
pr5zor window
prtljag, -~ga baggage
p~VI, -~, -o first
p~vo at first
pUmpa G pl. pUmpI pump
pUn, pUna / pUna, -o full
pUniti; punIm I (p napuniti) to fill
pustiti; da pustim; pustio; puten P (I pUtati) to let
pUtati; pUtam I (p pustiti) to let
put pl. potevi / putovi road, way, trip
put, pl. put~ time (instance); proli put last time
putovati; putuj~m, putovao, putov~la I (no p) to travel
racnn, -Una bill, account

ii (nekome) u racnn to suit
r~diti; r~dIm I (p ur~diti) to work, to do
r~dnIk pl. r~dnlci worker
r~dnja Gpl. r~dnjI store, action
r!dnja sa samoposlugnm / rhdnja sa samoposluzfvanj~m supermarket
rado willingly, gladly
v~lo rado lid be glad to
early
,
rano early, before (adv.)
ranije earlier, before
raSpor~d schedule
r~sti, r~st~m; rastao, r~sla I (p odr~sti) to grow
r~zan, -zna, -znoj r~znI various
razboletl se [razboljeti se] (23.4) da se razbolIm P (r razbol~vati se) to
fall sick, get sick
621

SERBO- CROATIAN
razbolevati se [razboljevati se] (23.4); razbolev!m se I (P razboleti se) to be

falling sick, getting sick
razgledati; da razgledam P (I razgledati / razgledavati) to look over
razgledati; razgl!d!m I (p razgledati) to be looking over
razgledavati; razgled!v~ I (p razgledati) to be looking over
razgov!rati; razgovaram I (p razgovoriti) to be conversing, talking
razgovoriti; da razgovortm P (I razgovarati) to cheer up (someone)
razonoda entertainment
razred class
razUmeti [razUmjeti]; razUmem [razUm1jen] I to understand
razum~vati [razumij~vati]; razUm!vam-[razUmijevam] I to understand repeatedly
razUmljiv, -a, -o understandable
rav, -a, -Oi gert bad
re~ [rije~] f Gpl. re~! [rijet] Dpl. re~ima [rije~ima] word
rei; da re~em; rekao, rekla; re~en -ena p (I govoriti) to say
ne bih rekao I wouldnit say
vt rekoste you said
r~d pl. redovi order, row, turn, line
u redu all right, O.K.
r~dak [rijedak] -tka, -tko; retkt [rijetkt]i ret [rjeqt] rare
r~ati, rf~ I (p poreati) to file, put in order i refl. to line up
r~ka [rijeka] D reci [rijeci] river
r~tko [rijetko] seldom, rarely
retko kad [rijetko kad] rarely ever, hardly ever
restoran, -~na restaurant
ekspres-restor~n cafeteria
,
rezervoar /rezervoar,
' ,
-ara tank
riba fish
rIa rice
reba goods
roditelj parent
rok pl. roci relative
rn~ak~ rU~ka lunch
rU~ati; rU~m I (no p) to eat lunch
ru~vati; ru~vam to eat lunch repeatedly
622

SERBO-CROATIAN
s, sa (with G) from, from off, out of (a vehicle); (with I) with (accompaniment)

sabornI, -a, -~ pert. to council, cathedral
sa~ekati; da sa~ekam P (I ~ekati / sa~ekfvati) to wait for (up to the point
of arrival)
sa~ekfvati; sa~ekuj~m I (p sa~ekati) to be waiting for (up to the point of
arrival)
sad(a) now
za sada for the time being, at present
salata salad
zelena salata lettuce
s!m, sama" -o alone" -self
s~m!m tlm by the same token
samo only
samoposluga / samoposlu~fvanje self-service
saobraaj traffic" transportation
saobraajnI, -a, -~ pert. to transportation, traffic
saobra!jan" -jna" -jno busy (street)
saobraati; saobraa I (no p) to communicate, commute
sastanak" sastanka pl. sast!nci meeting, appointment
s~t pl. s!ti G sitI hour, clock (time)
s~t pl. sitovi G sat~v! watch" clock (timepiece)
u koliko sitr at what time
, , ,
sav" sva" sve all
sve everything" all (pron)
sivetnik [savjetnik] pl. sivetnici [savjetnici] councellor, adviser
sebe" se reflexive pronoun (A)
seati se [sjeati se]; seam se I (p setiti se) to remember (With G)
sedam seven
sedati [sjedati]; sedam I (p sesti) to be in act of sitting down
sed~nje sitting
sedeti [sjedeti / sjedjeti]; sedIm -fmo" -fte I (p sesti) to sit"
be sitting
selo village
seljak" -~ka pl. seljici peasant
sem / osim besides" except (With G)
sesti [sjesti]; da sednem" seo" sela to sit down
sestra Gpl. sest!ra sister
setiti se [sjetiti se]; da se setim P (I seati se) to remember (With G)
623

SERBO- CROATIAN
sez5na season
siguran, -rna, -rno; sigurnijI safe, secure, sure
sigurno surely
simpatican, -ena, -eno attractive, likable, nice
srn pl. sinovi G sin5v~ son
sino last night, last evening
siromaan, -na, -no poor
skoro recently, almost
skret~nje turning side, deviation
skGp, skdpa, -o; skRpI; skupljI expensive
skUptina assembly
Nhrodna skuptina National Assembly
slab, -a, -o; slabijI weak
sladak, slatka, -o; slatkI; slad! sweet
slati; alj~m; sl~n / sl~t I (p poslati) to be sending, to send
sliean, -ena, -eno similar
slikovit, -a, -o picturesque
slobodan, -dna, -dno free
, ~
Slov~n, Slovena
/SlaVen,
' Slav~na
, Slav
slue~j D slucaju / slue~ju pl. slue~ji / slucajevi case
nesrean slueaj accident
slue~jan, -jna, -jno casual, accidental
slucajno by chance, casually, accidentally
sluben, -a, -o official
slubeno officially
slOiti; slUIm I (p poslOiti) to serve; refl. to use, help oneself
sm~tati; sm~t~m I (no p) to distrub, annoy
snabdeti [snabdjeti] (20.6); da snabdem; snabdeven -ena p (I snabd~vati)
to supply
snabdevac, -~ca [snabdjevac] supplier
snabd~vati [snabdijevati] (20.6); snabd~v~m I (p snabdeti) to be supplying
sa f G soli, D soli, L soli, I soli / solju pl. soli, G solI DI solima
salt
soba Gpl. s5ba room
sp~jati; sp~jam I (p spojiti) to connect, link; refl. to be connected
spojiti; da spojIm P (I sp~jati) to connect, link; refl. to be connected
spomenIk pl. spomenIci monument
sprec~vati; spreeavam I (p spr~citi) to prevent, hinder
624

SERBO-CROATIAN
spr~~iti [sprije~iti]; da spr~~im P (I spre~ivati) to prevent, hinder

spr~mati; spr~mam I (p spr~m1ti) to be preparing
spr~m1ti; da spr~mrm p (I spr~mati) to prepare, get ready
Srbin pl. Srbi Serb
srpski, -a, -o Serbian
srdaan, -na, -~no cordiaI
sreca fortune, good luck
sreCOm [na srecu] fortunately
srean, -na~ ~no (sretan) happy, fortunate, lucky
sr~da [srijeda] Wednesday
sredstvo means, funds
sresti; da sretnem, sreo P (I sretati) to meet
sretan, -tna, -tno (srecan) happy, fortunate, lUcky
sretati; sret~m / srec~ I (p sresti) to be meeting, to meet
srodnIk pl. srodnici relative
srpskohfv~tsk!, -~, -o Serbo-Croatian
stajati; staj~ I (p stati) to be stopping, to stop, to cost
stajati / stajati; stojim (-rmo -fte); stajao, staj~la I (p stati) to be
standing, to stand, to cost
st~lan, -Ina, -Ino constant, permanent
stalno constantly, permanently
st~n pl. sttnovi living quarters, apartment
stanica station, stop
stanovati; stanuj~m; stanovao, stanov!la I (no p) to live, dwell
star, stara, -o [stara, -o]; atari; stariji old
stati; da stan~m P (I stajati / stojati) to stop, stand
stiCi / stignuti; da stign~m; stigao, -gla P (I stizati) to arrive, reach
stizati; stiz~m I (p stici) to be arriving, reaching
sto hundred
stb / stbl m G stola pl. sto~ovi table
stolica chair
stom!k, -aka stomach
stran, -a, -Oj stran! foreign
strana side, page
stvar f thing, matter, point
subota Saturday
subotom Saturdays, on Saturday
sUd~r collision
625

SERBO-CROATIAN
,
supa soup
suprug V suprue spouse, man (formal)
,
supruga spouse, wife (formal)
sutra tomorrow
sutradan the next day
suvIe too much
svakako by all means, surely, at any rate, in any case
svakI, -a, -o every
sv~t / svijet D sv~tu / svijetu pl. sv~tovi / svetovi / svjetovi world, people
mnogo sv~ta a lot of people
svetlost [svjetlost] f I svetlou light
sve~, -a, -e [svje~]; sve~I [svje~I] fresh, cool
sve~e [svjee] fresh, cool (adV)
svideti se [svidjeti se] (18.2); da se svid!; svldeo se p (I svIati se)
to please
svIati se; svIa se I (p svideti se [svidjeti se] ) to be pleasing, to please
svinjetina pork
svinjskI, -a, -o pert. to pork
sV~j, svoja, svoje onela own (refl.)
svraati; svraam I (p svratiti) to be dropping in, stopping off
svr~titi; da svr~tIm P (I svraati) to drop in, stop off
svr~vati; svr~vam [svrfvati, svruj~m] I (p sv~iti) to be finishing
sv~iti; da sv~Im P (I svr~vati [svr~fvati]) to finish
ticket window
sugar
lbica match
ljiva plum, plum tree
ljivovica plum brandy
ofer, -~ra chauffeur
51ja cup
ta / to what
to pr~ [to prije] as soon as possible
tacan, -cna, -eno exact, correct

tacno exactly, correctly
tada then, at that time
t~j, t~, t5 that, the (aforementioned)
626

SERBO-CROATIAN
ta that, those (pron.)

takav, -kva, -kvo such
tak~ so, thus
isto tako also
tak6e(r) also
taksi m taxi
ta~n just, fit (size)
tamo there, over there
te and (stressed)
tek only, for the first time
tekstIlni, -a, -o textile
teleI, -~, -~ veal
telefon, -5na telephone
teletina veal
temperatUra temperature
terati; teram; ter~n I (p oterati) to drive, to run, to chase, to drive
away
t~ko with difficulty
tekoa difficulty
t~zak, t~ka, -o; t~kI; teI difficult, heavy, hard
t~ko with difficulty, hard
tisua thousand
ta that, those (pron.)
u tome in that
pored toga / sem toga besides that, in addition to that
tIme thereby
toean, -ena, -eno (Cr) exact, correct
toliki, -a, -o that big
toliko that much, that many
topal/topao, topla, -o; toplI warm
trajati; traje I (no p) to last
tramvaj streetcar
tr~iti; tr~!m I (p zatr~iti / potr~iti) to demand, require, seek, look
for, ask for
trebati; treba, trebalo I (p zatrebati / ustrebati) to be necessary
treba da id~ he should go
treba mi soba I need a room
t~g pl. t~govi square
627

SERO-CROATIAN
trgova~k! / trgovinsk!, -a, -o commercial

trol~jbus [trol!jbus] trackless trolley, trolleybus
troiti; troIm 1 (p potroiti) to spend, to consume
trnica (Cr) market place
tn here
tvrava citadel
u at (what time; in (place where - D); into (place to which -A)

uiniti; da u~in!m P (1 !nit~) to dO, to make; refl. to seem
uiti; uim, ufmo, uifte; ufo; uen I (p nauiti) to be learning,
teaching
i; da U~m; uao, P (I ulaziti) to go in, enter
udati se; da se udam; udala; udata p (I ud~vati se) to get married (of
woman)
ud~vati se; udaj~m se; ud~vala se; udavana I (p udati se) to be getting
married (of woman)
udoban, -bna, -bno; udobnijI comfortable
ug~siti; da ug~s!m; ugaen p (I g~siti) to extinguish, to turn Qff
ugodan, -dna, -dno comfortable, convenient, pleasant
ujutru / ujutro in the morning
uklanjati; uklanjam 1 (p ukloniti) to be removing
ukloniti; da uklonIm P (I uklanjati) to remove, eliminate
ukljUiti; da ukljUIm P (I ukljufvati) to include
ukljufvati; ukljUUjem I (p UkljUiti) to be including
UkljuujUi including
ulaziti; ulazIm I (p Ui) to be going in, entering
ulaznica ticket
ulica street
nIje oil
Umesto / mesto [umjesto, mjesto] instead (With G)
Umetnik [Umjetnik] pl. Umetnici [Umjetnici] artist
Umoran, -rna, -rno tired
un~ti; [unijeti, unijeti]; da unes~m, uneo [unio], Un~la [Unijela]; Un~t
[Unijet] unesen -ena p (I unositi) to bring in, carry in
unositi; Unos!m I (p Un~ti [unijeti] to be bringing in, carrying in
unutra / unutra inside
upaliti; da up~l!m; up~IJen p (I p~liti) to light
628

SERBO-CROATIAN
upItati; da upItam p (I pItati) to ask question

uplaiti; da uplaim P (I plaiti) to frighten, scare; refl. to be frightened
upotr~bitij da upotr~bim P (I upotreblj~vati / upotrebljIvati) to use
upotreblj~vatij upotreblj~vam [upotrebljIvati, upotrebljuj~m) to be using
upoznati (se sa); da (se) upoznam (sa), -~mo -~te P (I upozn~vati) to
become acquainted with, to know, meet
upozn~vati; upoznaj~m I (p upoznati) te become acquainted (more than once)
,
upravo just
Ura (Cr) hour, clock, watch
ur~diti, da uradIm; Uraen p (I rditi) to work, to do
fIred office
uredan, -dna, -dno orderly, tidy
ur~diti; da ur~dim; ur~en P (I urefvati) to organize, put in oreder, settle
ureIvati; ureuj~m I (p urditi) to be organizing, putting in order, settling
uspeti; da usp~m p (I usp~vati) to succeed
usp~vati; usp~vam I (p uspeti) to be succeeding
usput / uz put on the way, by the way
,
ustajati; ,
ustajem; ,
ustajao, "
ustajala I ( ')
P ustati to be getting up
ustati; da ustan~m P (I ustajati) to get up
ustrebati; da ustreba P ( I trebati) to be found necessary
utisak, utiska pl utisci impression
utorak, ut~rka Gpl utoraka (/utornik pl ut~rnici) Tuesday
ut~uti; da ut~nem P (I utrnjIvati) to extinguish, turn off
utrnjIvati; utrnjuj~m I (p ut~nuti) to be extinguishing, turning off
uvec~(r) in the evening
uvek [uvijek] always
uz along, up (With A)
uZ put /usput on the way, by the way
uzeti; da uzmem; uzeo, uzela; uzet p (I uzimati) to take, get
uzimati; uzimam I (p uzeti) to be taking, getting
uznemirvati; uznem{r~v~m [uznemirIvati, uznemirujem] I (p uznemIriti) to be
disturbing
uznemIriti; da uznemirim P (I uznemirvati / uznemirIvati) to disturb
valjda perhaps, maybe

van outside (With G)
vani outside (advJ
vro f city
629

SERBO-CROAT~
va~, -a, -e your, yours

vE~an, -~na, -~no important
ve~e G ve~era (no pl) evening
ve~er f pl ve~eri Gpl ve~err evening
ve~era supper, evening meal
ve~eras this evening
ve~erati; ve~er~m I (no p) te eat supper
ve~er!vati; ve~er~v~ I (no p) to eat supper (more than once)
ve already; but (contrastive)
vedar, -dra, -dro clear (of weather)
veliki / velik, -a, -o; velik!; ve! great, big, large
veza connection, tie, link
v!zatij da v~~~m; v~zan p (I vezfvati) to tie, connect, link
vezfvati; vezuj~m I (p v!zati) to be tying, connecting, linking
verovati; verujam [vjerovati] (25.3) I (p poverovati) to be believing
verovatno / verov~tno [vjerojatno] probably
v! you
videti; vidIm; vien [vidjeti] (17.2) I (no p) to see
vien, -a, -o prom1nent
vfati; v!~m I to see often, to see again and again
vi~nje seeing
do vi!nja goodbye
vikend weekend
vfno wine
visok, visoka, -Oj visokI; vl~I high, tall
Vi~e more
sve vi~e more and more
vlak pl vlakovi train
voe frUit, fruits
jhno voe tropical fruit
voda water
voditi; vodIm I (p odvesti) to lead, take
voleti; volIm [voljeti] (17.2) I (p zavoleti) to like, love, prefer
v~z pl v5zovi train
vozilo vehicle
voziti; vozIm I (p odvesti) to drive; refl. to ride
v5nja drive, driving, riding
r~d v5nje time-table
vraati; vra!m I (p vratiti) to return
630

SERBO- CROATIAN
vr!ta n pl door
vr!titi; da vr!t!m p (I vraati) to return
vr!detij vr!d! [vrijediti] (20.6) I (no p) to be worthy
vr~me [vrijeme] G vremena pl vremena time, period of timej weather
za vr~me [za vrijeme] during (with G)
s vremena na vr~me [s vremena na vrijeme] from time to time
vrlo very
v~sta kind, species, brand, sort
v~itij v~!m I (p izv~iti) to perfom, to do, to execute
v~t / vrt pl vrtovi garden
vrb, vraa, -ej vrh!j vruI hot
,,
vrucica temperature, high fever
za for (With A); behind (With I)

za vr~e [za vrijeme] during (With G)
, , ( '
zabaviti; da zabav!m P I zabavljati ) to entertain, amuse; refl. to stay
, , ( '
zabavljatij zabavlj~m I P zabaviti ) to be entertaining, amusing; refl. to
amuse oneself, have a nice time
, ,
zaboraviti; ,
da zaborav!m ,
P ( I zaboravljati )
to forget
zaboravljati; zaboravljam I (p zaboraviti) to be forgetting
zabrinuti se; da se zabrin~m P (I brinuti se) to come to worry about
z~buna confusion
zadnji l -l, -! last, the last
zadocniti; da zadocnim P (I zadocnjivat1) to be la.te
da ne zadocnimo lest we be late
zaocnjavati; Zadocnj~v~m I (p zadocniti) to be late
zadev~ljan, .ljna, -ljno satisfied, pleased, happy
zadov61jstvo satisfaction, pleasure
zadr~ati; da zad~~!m P (I zadr~!vati) to retainj refl. to be detained, to
stay long
zadr~ivati; zadr~v~m I (p zadfati) to be retaining; refl. to be detained,
to stay long
Zigreb Zagreb
zainteresovatij da zainteresuj~ P (I interesovati) to interest; refl. to be
interested in
zaista / zaista indeed
zajedno together
zakRsnitl; da zakasnIm P (I zakanj!vati) to be late
da ne zakasnimo lest we be late
631

SERBO- CROATIAN
zakanj~vati; zakanj~v~m I (p zakasniti) to be late

zamoliti; da zamolim P (I moliti) to beg, to ask politely; refl. to pray
zanImati; zanimam I (no p) to entertain; refl. to be engaged, employed
zanimljiv, -a, -o interesting
zaobfi; da zaobi~m; zaobiao, zaobila P (I zaobilaziti) to bypass
zaobilaziti; zaobilazim I (p zaobIi) to be bypassing
z~padni, -a, -5 / zapadni western
zap~liti; da zapalim P (I p~liti) to light, set fire
zapItati; da zapitam P (I pItati) to ask a question
zar (interrogative particle)
zar ne (interrogative sentence final), is it not so?
z.rez conuna
z.stoj stagnation, standstilI
zato / to why, what for?
zato therefore, for that reason
zato to because of
zatr~~iti; da zatr~~im P (I tr'ziti) to seek, to demand
zatrebati; da zatreb~ P (I trebati) to need, to be necessary
zatv.rati; zatv~ram I (p zatvoriti) to be closing, to close
zatvoriti; da zatvorim P (I zatvtrati) to close
zauzet", -a, -o busy
, " , ,
zauz~ti; da zauzm~m; zauzeo", zauzela; zauzet P ( '
I zauzimati ) to take, occupy
zauzimati; zauzi~m I (p zauzeti) to be taking, occupying
ztviSiti; ztvis! I (no p) to depend on (on: od plus G)
zavoleti [zavoljeti], da zavolim P (I voleti) to come to like, to ~all in
love
zbilja indeed
zbog on account of, because of (With G)
zbbg toga because of that
zbbg toga tb because (With verb)
zbogom goodbye
zdravo HiJ
zelen", zelena", -o; zeleni green
zemicka roll
zemlja land, country
zgodan, -dna, -dno convenient
n~jzgbdnij!, -a, -e the most convenient
zgrada building
zIma winter, cold
6~2

SERBO-CROATIAN
zImi during winter, in winter

zn~citi; zn~cI l (no p) to mean
znamenitost f l znamenitou sightseeing
znati; zn~m, zntmo, zntte; zn~n / zn~t l (no p) to know
zolokI / zoolokI, -a, -~ zoological
zrcalo mirror
zvaniean, -ena, -eno official
zvati (se); zov~m (se); zvao, zV~la; zv~n / zv~t I (p pozvati) to call
aliti; alIm I (p poaliti se) to regret, to be sorry; refl. to complain

ao sorry
ao mi je lIm sorry
bIlo mi je ao I was sorry
bie mi ao I will be sorry
alost F l alou sadness, grief, affliction
na alost unfortunately
~dan, -dna, -dno thirsty
eleti [eljeti] (17.2); elim I (p poeleti) to wish, desire, want to
eleznica [eljeznica] railroad
eleznicki [eljezniki], -a, -o pert. to railroad
eludac G eluca stomach
emika roll
ena wife, woman
eniti se; enIm se I (p oenitl se) to get married (ofjman)
igica match
fveti [fvjeti] (17.2); fvim I (no p) to live
fve foodstuff
fvenI, -a, -~ pert. to foodstuff
lvopIsan, -sna, -sno picturesque
ivotnI, -a, -o pert. to life, vital
Uriti: arim I (p poUriti) to be hurrging
633
iIiJ.s. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1972 465-189/764 1-3

Serbo-Croatian Basic Course - Volume 1 - Student Text

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SERBO-CROATIAN

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Serbo-Croatian is the major language of Yugo-

The linguist in charge of the project has been

The entire course consists of fifty units,

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Recently an approach to language learning has been suggested (by Earl W.

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Classroom Expressions .................................................... x

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Note 6.1.2 Noun: Use of Accusative .............. 115

Dialogue: Where Are You From? 216

Note 11.1 Noun/Adjective: Genitive

Note 11.1.1 Genitive: Form 221

Note 11.1.2 Genitive: Use 222

Note 11.2 Pronoun: lonol 224

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svi zajedno. All together.

Jo jedanput. Once again.

/ Dalje. / Next. Go on.

Va je r~d, gospodine N. Itts your turn, Mr. N.

Dovoljno, hV~la. ThatIs enough~ thanks.

ekajteimalo. Wait a minute.

Gde smo stali? Where did we stop?

6dmor. / Pr~kid. Break

Okr~nitel str~nuldv~deset 5smu. Turn to page 28.

imam jedno pftanje. I have a question.

R~c Id~k' zn~ci 'student l The word 'ak' means 'student'.

Khe se 'ibica'. (It is / you say) ibica.

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Basic Sentences - Osnovne recenice- OCHOBe pe~eHRue

Greetings Pozdravljanje n03,n;pa~H>e

lIm fine, thanks, how are

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The Serbo-Croatian Language

Serbo-Croatian is a Slavic language and as such belongs to the Indo-

Serbo-Croatian is one of three official languages in Yugoslavia, the other

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As mentioned above, there are local variations throughout Yugoslavia.

The eastern dialect is normally written in cyrillic letters and the

A quite regular difference between standard eastern and central Serbo-

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gde gdje where

medved medvjed bear

l~vo lijevo left

Slovenian Coastal S-C Central S-C East. S-C W. Bulg. E. Bulg.

ml~ko mlIko ml~ko milk

Besides these differences, there are also vocabulary variations and

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Given the dialect situation mentioned above, it is obvious that all

Whether one is working with a native speaker or with recordings, each

Students should also be reminded that language is arbitrary. Time should

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is no answer to the question 'why' something is said the way it is.

Symbols used in the Basic Sentences

Note 1.1 The Sounds of Serbo-Croatian

The following outline gives a survey of Serbo-Croatian sounds. Although

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Note 1.1.1 Survey of Symbols

Following is the latin alphabet as used for Serbo-Croatian, with the

Latin Cyrillic Hints on Pronunciation