Figure 6.

6: Comparison of variation Of experimental Nusselt Number for plain tube with

Reynolds Number to correlated Nusselt Number.

Figure 6.6 shows the relative comparison of increase of Nusselt Number with the increase of
Reynolds Number to the Nusselt Number obtained by correlation suggested by M. M. K.
Bhuiya et al.[26].Both the curves show that with the increase of Reynolds Number, Nusselt
Number increases.With the increase of Reynolds Number,turbulence is increased so flowing
fluid experiences better mixing. So Nusselt Number increases.
 Figure 6.7: Comparison of variation Of experimental Nusselt Number for Zero RPM of
twisted tape with Reynolds Number to correlated Nusselt Number.

Figure 6.7 shows the increase Nusselt Number for Zero RPM of twisted tape and its validation
by correlated value by using correlation obtained by S. Jaisankar et al.[28]. Both the curves
show that with the increase of Reynolds Number. Nusselt Number increases. Higher Reynolds
Number means high turbulence. As a result better mixing is obtained which results in the
increase of Nusselt Number. By comparing the values of Fig 6.6 to Fig 6.7 it can be shown
that with the inclusion of twisted tape, Nusselt Number increses for same Reynolds
Number.Value of Nusselt Number is in the range of 40 to 80 in case of plain tube but for Zero
RPM of twisted tape the value is increased to 100 to 240. This happens due to swirling induced
by the inclusion of twisted tape. Swirling flow ensures better mixing and agitation of flowing
fluid so Nusselt Number obviously increases.

Figure 6.8: Variation of friction factor with the increase of Reynolds Number.
Figure 6.8 identifies the variation of friction factor with the increase of Reynolds Number.
Friction factor is a value that predicts the frictional energy loss in a pipe based on the velocity
of the fluid and the resistance due to friction. It is used almost exclusively to calculate head
loss due to friction in turbulent flow. With the increase of Reynolds Number there is less
resistance due to friction for the flowing fluid. As a result friction factor decreases with the
increase of Reynolds Number. The curve shown in the Fig 6.8 is obtained by using correlation
obtained by M. M. K. Bhuiya et al.[26].

Fig 6.9: Variation of friction factor with the increase of Reynolds Number and RPM of
twisted tape.
Figure 6.9 shows the variation of friction factor with the increase of Reynolds Number and
RPM of twisted tape.The graph is obtained by using correlation obtained by S. Jaisankar et
al.[28]. The reason behind the decrease of friction factor with Reynolds Number has already
been described in Fig 6.8. This Fig 6.9 shows the significance of RPM of twisted tape on
friction factor. With the inclusion of twisted tape friction factor decreases because the flow
mixing effects caused by the tangential direction of fluid increases wetted surface area and the
dissipation of dynamic pressure of fluid at high viscosity loss near the tube wall increases the
pressure loss of fluid. But, in plain tube collector the absence of swirl flow minimizes the
wetted surface area and pressure loss of fluid. With the increase of RPM of twisted tape
swirling is increased. Another reason behind the decrease of friction factor with the increase
of RPM of twisted tape is the decrease of viscosity of flowing fluid. More RPM ensures more
heat transfer resulting in increase of flowing fluid temperature. This in turns decrease the
viscosity of flowing fluid as a result frictional resistance decreases. Hence the decrease in
friction factor.

Fig 6.10 Variation of Stanton Number with the increase of RPM and Reynolds Number.
Stanton number is a dimensionless number that measures the ratio of heat transferred into a
fluid to the thermal capacity of fluid. So Stanton Number basically indicates how efficiently
flowing fluid can take heat. Figure 6.10 shows the variation of Stanton Number with the
increase of RPM of twisted tape and Reynolds Number. With the increase of Reynolds
Number turbulence increases and as stated before heat transfer efficiency also increases.
So Stanton Number also increases. Again higher RPM of twisted tape means better mixing
which in turns increase the Stanton Number. The graph indicates that up to 10000 Reynolds
Number increase in Stanton Number is not that much but above 10000 Reynolds Number
Stanton Number increases at a much higher rate. This is because initially flow rate of flowing
fluid acts a resistance to rotation of twisted tape so at low Reynolds Number and low RPM
Stanton number is low. But when the resistance is surpassed, Stanton Number increases a t
a higher rate. This phenomena can be seen in the Figure 3.10.