4ta PRCTICA CALIFICADA DE ANALISIS ESTRUCTURAL I

PROBLEMA 1:
En la viga cargada como se muestra, por el mtodo del trabajo mnimo, determinar:

A. Las acciones hiperestticas.

B. Las otras reacciones (dibujar esquema).
C. Los diagramas de V y M.

4.50I 3.25I 3.25I 4.50I

1
2 3 4 5
NOTA: Considerar como acciones hiperestticas a: M1, R2, R3, R4, Y M5

SOLUCIN:
A. CALCULO DE LAS REACCIONES HIPERESTATICAS
A.1. Viga liberada:
18T/m
18T/m

2 3 4
5 5
1
1 6 7

9T/m 5
1 2 4
A.1.1.
3
 Clculo de las reacciones:
1
5 = 0 18 19,8 13,2 + 9 19,8 13,2 + 6,64 + 13,23 + 19,82
2
+ 26,41 1 + 5 = 0

1
5 = 0 18 19,8 13,2 9 19,8 13,2 6,64 13,23 19,82
2
26,45 + 1 5 = 0

A.1.2. Calculo de los momentos:

2673 3 3 4 1 5
16 = ( 2 + ) 1
20 4 2 4 26,4 26,4

2673 3 3 4 1 5 5
62 = ( 2 + ) 1 9( 3,3)2 + ( 3,3)3
20 4 2 4 26,4 26,4 33

2673 3 3 4 1 5 5
23 = ( 2 + ) 1 9( 3,3)2 + ( 3,3)3 + 2 ( 6,6)
20 4 2 4 26,4 26,4 33

2673 2 3 3 1 5
57 = ( 4 + ) 5
20 4 2 4 26,4 26,4

2673 2 3 3 1 5 5
62 = ( 4 + ) 5 9( 3,3)2 + ( 3,3)3
20 4 2 4 26,4 26,4 33

2673 2 3 3 1 5 5
43 = ( 4 + ) 5 9( 3,3)2 + ( 3,3)3 + 4 ( 6,6)
20 4 2 4 26,4 26,4 33
 A.1.3. Aplicando el mtodo de trabajo mnimo:

16 62 23
= = = 1
1 1 1 26,4

57 74 43
= = =
1 1 1 26,4
3,3
1 2673 3 X3 X4 M1 M5 x
1 = ((( X2 + ) x M1 ) ( 1)) dx
4,5EI 0 20 4 2 4 26,4 26,4 26,4

6,6
1 2673 3 3 4 1 5 5
+ ((( 2 + ) 1 9( 3,3)2 + ( 3,3)3 ) ( 1))
4,5 3,3 20 4 2 4 26,4 26,4 33 26,4

13,2
1 2673 3 3 4 1 5 5
+ ((( 2 + ) 1 9( 3,3)2 + ( 3,3)3 + 2 ( 6,6)) ( 1))
3,25 6,6 20 4 2 4 26,4 26,4 33 26,4

3,3
1 2673 2 3 3 1 5
+ ((( 4 + ) 5 ) ( ))
4,5 0 20 4 2 4 26,4 26,4 26,4

6,6
1 2673 2 3 3 1 5 5
+ ((( + ) 5 9( 3,3)2 + ( 3,3)3 ) ( ))
4,5 3,3 20 4 2 4 4 26,4 26,4 33 26,4

13,2
1 2673 2 3 3 1 5 5
+ ((( 4 + ) 5 9( 3,3)2 + ( 3,3)3 + 4 ( 6,6)) ( ))
3,25 6,6 20 4 2 4 26,4 26,4 33 26,4

239520105 + 2116401 + 9815522 + 11674083 + 7260004 + 1157205 = 0

16 62 3
= =
2 2 4
23
= 6,6
2 4
57 74 43
= = =
2 2 2 4

1 3,3 2673 3 X3 X4 M1 M5 3
2 = ((( X2 + ) x M1 ) ( )) dx
4,5EI 0 20 4 2 4 26,4 26,4 4
 1 6,6
2673 3 3 4 1 5 5 3
+ ((( 2 + ) 1 9( 3,3)2 + ( 3,3)3 ) ( ))
4,5 3,3 20 4 2 4 26,4 26,4 33 4

1 13,2
2673 3 3 4 1 5 5
+ ((( 2 + ) 1 9( 3,3)2 + ( 3,3)3 + 2 ( 6,6)) ( 6,6))
3,25 6,6 20 4 2 4 26,4 26,4 33 4

3,3
1 2673 2 3 3 1 5
+ ((( 4 + ) 5 ) ( ))
4,5 0 20 4 2 4 26,4 26,4 4

1 6,6
2673 2 3 3 1 5 5
+ ((( + ) 5 9( 3,3)2 + ( 3,3)3 ) ( ))
4,5 3,3 20 4 2 4 4 26,4 26,4 33 4

1 13,2
2673 2 3 3 1 5 5
+ ((( 4 + ) 5 9( 3,3)2 + ( 3,3)3 + 4 ( 6,6)) ( ))
3,25 6,6 20 4 2 4 26,4 26,4 33 4

120784867929 + 817960001 + 4775628002 + 6005472003 + 3785364004

+ 605000005 = 0

16 62 23
= = =
3 3 3 2
57 74 43
= = =
3 3 3 2

1 3,3 2673 3 X3 X4 M1 M5
3 = ((( X2 + ) x M1 ) ( )) dx
4,5EI 0 20 4 2 4 26,4 26,4 2

1 6,6
2673 3 3 4 1 5 5
+ ((( 2 + ) 1 9( 3,3)2 + ( 3,3)3 ) ( ))
4,5 3,3 20 4 2 4 26,4 26,4 33 2

1 13,2
2673 3 3 4 1 5 5
+ ((( 2 + ) 1 9( 3,3)2 + ( 3,3)3 + 2 ( 6,6)) ( ))
3,25 6,6 20 4 2 4 26,4 26,4 33 2

3,3
1 2673 2 3 3 1 5
+ ((( 4 + ) 5 ) ( ))
4,5 0 20 4 2 4 26,4 26,4 2

6,6
1 2673 2 3 3 1 5 5
+ ((( + ) 5 9( 3,3)2 + ( 3,3)3 ) ( ))
4,5 3,3 20 4 2 4 4 26,4 26,4 33 2

13,2
1 2673 2 3 3 1 5 5
+ ((( 4 + ) 5 9( 3,3)2 + ( 3,3)3 + 4 ( 6,6)) ( ))
3,25 6,6 20 4 2 4 26,4 26,4 33 2

57547607139 + 324280001 + 2001824002 + 2960144003 + 2001824004

+ 32428005 =
16 62 23
= = =
4 4 4 4
57 74 3
= =
4 4 4
43
= 6,6
4 4

1 3,3 2673 3 X3 X4 M1 M5
4 = ((( X2 + ) x M1 ) ( )) dx
4,5EI 0 20 4 2 4 26,4 26,4 4

6,6
1 2673 3 3 4 1 5 5
+ ((( 2 + ) 1 9( 3,3)2 + ( 3,3)3 ) ( ))
4,5 3,3 20 4 2 4 26,4 26,4 33 4

13,2
1 2673 3 3 4 1 5 5
+ ((( 2 + ) 1 9( 3,3)2 + ( 3,3)3 + 2 ( 6,6)) ( ))
3,25 6,6 20 4 2 4 26,4 26,4 33 4

3,3
1 2673 2 3 3 1 5 3
+ ((( 4 + ) 5 ) ( ))
4,5 0 20 4 2 4 26,4 26,4 4

6,6
1 2673 2 3 3 1 5 5 3
+ ((( + ) 5 9( 3,3)2 + ( 3,3)3 ) ( ))
4,5 3,3 20 4 2 4 4 26,4 26,4 33 4

13,2
1 2673 2 3 3 1 5 5
+ ((( 4 + ) 5 9( 3,3)2 + ( 3,3)3 + 4 ( 6,6)) ( 6,6))
3,25 6,6 20 4 2 4 26,4 26,4 33 4

120784867929 + 605000001 + 3785364002 + 6005472003 + 4775628004

+ 817960005 = 0

16 62 23
= = =
1 1 1 26,4
57 74 43
= = = 1
1 1 1 26,4
3,3
1 2673 3 X3 X4 M1 M5
5 = ((( X2 + ) x M1 ) ( )) dx
4,5EI 0 20 4 2 4 26,4 26,4 26,4

6,6
1 2673 3 3 4 1 5 5
+ ((( 2 + ) 1 9( 3,3)2 + ( 3,3)3 ) ( ))
4,5 3,3 20 4 2 4 26,4 26,4 33 26,4
 13,2
1 2673 3 3 4 1 5 5
+ ((( 2 + ) 1 9( 3,3)2 + ( 3,3)3 + 2 ( 6,6)) ( ))
3,25 6,6 20 4 2 4 26,4 26,4 33 26,4

3,3
1 2673 2 3 3 1 5
+ ((( 4 + ) 5 ) ( 1))
4,5 0 20 4 2 4 26,4 26,4 26,4

6,6
1 2673 2 3 3 1 5 5
+ ((( + ) 5 9( 3,3)2 + ( 3,3)3 ) ( 1))
4,5 3,3 20 4 2 4 4 26,4 26,4 33 26,4

13,2
1 2673 2 3 3 1 5 5
+ ((( 4 + ) 5 9( 3,3)2 + ( 3,3)3 + 4 ( 6,6)) ( 1))
3,25 6,6 20 4 2 4 26,4 26,4 33 26,4

239520105 + 1157201 + 7260002 + 11674083 + 9815524 + 2116405 = 0

Sistema de ecuaciones:

2116401 + 9815522 + 11674083 + 7260004 + 1157205 = 239520105

817960001 + 4775628002 + 6005472003 + 3785364004 + 605000005 = 120784867929

324280001 + 2001824002 + 2960144003 + 2001824004 + 32428005 = 57547607139

605000001 + 3785364002 + 6005472003 + 4775628004 + 817960005 = 120784867929

1157201 + 7260002 + 11674083 + 9815524 + 2116405 = 239520105

1135827
1 = = 18,3197903226
62000
8681211
2 = = 87,5122076613
99200
35725811
3 = = 72,0324798387
49600
8681211
4 = = 87,5122076613
99200
1135827
5 = = 18,3197903226
62000
A. LAS ACCIONES HIPERESTTICAS SON:

1 = 18,3200 .
2 = 87,5122
3 = 72,0325
4 = 87,5122
5 = 18,3197903226 .
 B. LAS OTRAS REACCIONES:

18T/m 18T/m

9T/m

18.32 T.m 18.32 T.m

TTT TT TTT TT

5
1 87.5122T 72.0325T 87.5122T

5 = 18,3200 + 87,5122(6,60) + 72,0325(13,20) + 87,5122(19,8) 18,3200

267,3(13,20) + 1 (26,4) = 0
502029
1 = = 10,1215524
49600

1 = 18,3200 87,5122(6,60) 72,0325(13,20) 87,5122(19,8) + 18,3200

+ 267,3(13,20) 5 (26,4) = 0

502029
1 = = 10,1215524
49600

1 = 10,1215524
5 = 10,1215524
 C. DIAGRAMAS:

V
43.184 44.328
36.016

10.122

-10.122

-36.016
-44.328 -43.184

-44.083 -44.083
M -42.210

-18.320
-18.320

17.95 17.95
22.27 22.27
PROBLEMA 2:
En la cercha cargada como se muestra, por el mtodo del trabajo mnimo, determinar:

A. Las acciones hiperestticas.

B. Las fuerzas en las barras.

Considerar: E = 200GPa, barras hiperestticas 36 y 38.

2 3 4

6 5
1
8 7
100 T

AREAS DE LAS BARRAS:

- Horizontales = 12 200cm2

- Verticales = 12 400cm2

- Inclinadas = 12 600cm2

SOLUCIN:
A. CLCULO DE LAS ACCIONES HIPERESTATICAS.
A.1. Cercha libre:
3 4
2

2 3

2 3

1 6

8 7 5
100 T
1
 A.1.1. Clculo de las reacciones:

5 = 1 (21) 1 (10,5) 100(5,25) = 0

1
1 = 25 +
2

1 = 1 (10,5) + 100(15,75) 5 (21) = 0

1
5 = 75 +
2
A.1.2. Fuerzas en las barras:
Nudo 1:

= 18 + 12 cos = 0
12
75 3
18 = +
4 8 1
18
1
= 25 + + 12 sen = 0
2
1
25 + 2 125 3
12 = 1
4 8

Nudo 8:

= 87 + 2 cos 18 = 0
32 2 75 3 3
87 = + 1 + 2
4 8 5

18 87 = 28 + 2 sen = 0

4
28 = 2
5

Nudo 2:

= 23 12 cos + 27 = 0
23 75 3 3
23 = 1 2
2 4 5

12 25 27 = 28 + 27 sen + 12 = 0

125 5
27 = + 1 + 2
4 8
 Nudo 3:

= 34 23 + 3 cos 2 cos = 0
32 34
75 3 3
34 = 1 3
2 4 5
2 3 = 37 + 3 cos + 2 cos = 0
37
4 4
37 = 2 3
5 5

Nudo 7:

72 73 74 = 67 78 + 47 cos 27 cos = 0

3 3
67 = 56,25 + 1 3
78 76 8 5

= 37 + 47 + 27 sen 1 = 0

1 5
47 = 31,25 + 1 + 3
8

Nudo 6:

3 64 = 65 3 cos 67 = 0

225 3
65 = + 1
67 65 4 8

= 46 + 3 sen 100 = 0
100
4
46 = 100 3
5

Nudo 5:
1
45 = 75 + + 45 sen = 0
2
375 5
45 = 1
4 8
56
= 56 + 45 cos = 0
1
75 + 225 3
2 56 = + 1
4 8
Nudo 4:

= 46 + 45 sen 47 sen = 0
43
4
46 = 100 3
5
47 45
46
Barr L(m A(m2 F(T) AE L/AE
. . .
a ) )
12 8.75 1.26 125 5 0 0 252105 3,47222222107 67,81689028 + 1,36633680561 0 0

4 8
5
1
8
18 5.25 1.22 75 3 0 0 244105 2,15163934107 15,128711414 + 0,302574831 0 0
4 8
3
+ 1
8
23 5.25 1.22 75 3 3 0 252105 2,15163934107 60,51485655 + 1,210297131 0,968287702 48,911885+0,96823771+0,774590162 0

2 4 5
3
1
4
3
2
5
27 5.25 1.26 125 5 1 0 252105 3,47222222107 67,81689028 + 1,36633680561 + 2,170138892 108,506944+2,17013891+3,47222222 0
4 8
5
+ 1
8
+ 2
28 8.75 1.24 4 0 4 0 248105 2,82258064107 0 1,8064522 0
2
5 5
34 7.00 1.22 75 3 0 3 244105 2,15163934107 60,51485655 + 1,210297131 + 0,968287703 0 48,911885+0,96823771+0,774590163

2 4 5
3
1
4
3
3
5
37 5.25 1.24 4 0 4 4 248105 2,82258064107 0 1,8064522+1,8064523 1,8064522+1,8064523
2
5 5 5
4
3
5
45 7.00 1.26 375 5 0 0 252105 3,47222222107 203,4505208 + 1,36633680561 0 0

4 8
5
1
8
46 5.25 1.24 100 0 0 4 248105 2,82258064107 0 0 -225,80645+1,8064563
4
3 5
5
47 7.00 1.26 125 5 0 1 252105 3,47222222107 67,81689028 + 1,36633680561 + 2,170138893 0 -108,506944+2,17013891+3,47222223

4 8
5
+ 1
8
+ 3
56 8.75 1.22 225 3 0 0 244105 2,15163934107 45,386142418 + 0,302574831 0 0
4 8
3
+ 1
8
67 5.25 1.22 225 3 0 3 244105 2,15163934107 45,386142418 + 0,302574831 0,484118853 0 -72,617827-0,484114141+0,774590163

4 8 5
3
+ 1
8
3
3
5
78 5.25 1.22 75 3 3 0 244105 2,15163934107 15,128711414 + 0,302574831 -24,2059426-0,484118851+0,774590162 0
4 8 5
3
+ 1
8
3
+ 2
5
36 8.75 1.26 3 0 0 1 252105 3,47222222107 0,484118853 0 3,47222223
38 8.75 1.26 2 0 1 0 252105 3,47222222107 0 3,47222222 0
513,3267873339+9,05623861571+2,654257741352+2,65 132,712887067+2,6542577411+12,106527992+1,80645 -
4257741353 161293 358,51933868+2,6542577411+1,80645161
292+12,106527993
 A.1. SEGUNDO RESOLUCIN DE SISTEMA DE ECUACIONES:

513,326787339 + 9,05623861571 + 2,654257741352 + 2,654257741353 = 0

132,712887067 + 2,65425774351 + 12,106527992 + 1,80645161293 = 0
358,51933868 + 2,654257741351 + 1,80645161292 + 12,1065279993 = 0
1 = 69,174482 1 = 69,194
2 = 2,534284 38 = 2,534

3 = 45,157811 36 = 45,158

B. CALCULO DE FUERZAS EN LAS BARRAS

5
12 = 31,25 (69,174482) 12 = 11,984
8
3
13 = 18,75 + (69,174482) 13 = 7,190
8
3 3
23 = 37,5 (69,174482) (2,534284) 23 = 15,901
4 5
5
27 = 31,25 + (69,174482) + (2,534284) 27 = 14,518
8
4
28 = (2,534284) 28 = 2,027
5
3 3
34 = 18,75 (69,174482) (45,157811) 34 = 12,714
4 5
4 4
37 = (2,534284) (45,157811) 37 = 34,099
5 5
5
45 = 93,75 (69,174482) 45 = 50,516
8
4
46 = 100 (45,157811) 46 = 63,874
5
5
47 = 31,25 + (69,174482) + (45,157811) 47 = 29,326
8
3
56 = 56,25 + (69,174482) 56 = 30,310
8
3 3
67 = 56,25 + (69,174482) (45,157811) 67 = 3,215
8 5
3 3
78 = 18,75 + (69,174482) (2,534284) 78 = 5,670
8 5

36 = 45,157811 36 = 45,158

38 = 2,534284 38 = 2,534