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Arie Verhoeven
averhoev@win.tue.nl
Outline
1 Introduction
2 Plane elasticity
Rectangular coordinates
Cylindrical and polar coordinates
3 Three-dimensional elasticity
Direct solution of Naviers equation
Examples
4 Summary
Outline
1 Introduction
2 Plane elasticity
Rectangular coordinates
Cylindrical and polar coordinates
3 Three-dimensional elasticity
Direct solution of Naviers equation
Examples
4 Summary
0 XJ
TJi0 = Tri . (1)
xr
The displacement-gradient components are small compared to unity.
The equations of motion in the reference state are given by
TJi0 d 2 xi
+ 0 b0i = 0 2 . (2)
XJ dt
Field equations
Boundary conditions
Outline
1 Introduction
2 Plane elasticity
Rectangular coordinates
Cylindrical and polar coordinates
3 Three-dimensional elasticity
Direct solution of Naviers equation
Examples
4 Summary
Outline
1 Introduction
2 Plane elasticity
Rectangular coordinates
Cylindrical and polar coordinates
3 Three-dimensional elasticity
Direct solution of Naviers equation
Examples
4 Summary
with, in addition,
z = e = (x + y ), (4)
where
E E
e = ex + ey , G= , and = . (5)
2(1 + ) (1 + )(1 2)
2 ex 2 ey 2 exy
2
+ 2
=2 , (7)
y x xy
The linearity can also be used to construct the solution in two parts:
ij = ijH + ijP , eij = eijH + eijP .
The particular solution ijP , eijP satisfies the given equations with
given body-force distributions but not the boundary conditions.
The distribution ijH , eijH satisfies the homogeneous differential
equations (with no body force) and suitably modified boundary
conditions.
When the body force is simply the weight, say bx = 0, by = g,
then a possible particular solution is
yP = gy C, xP = xy
P
= 0, (8)
For plane strain with no body forces, the equilibrium equations are
identically satisfied if the stresses are related to a scalar function
(x, y ), called Airys stress function, by the equations
2 2 2
x = , y = , xy = . (9)
y 2 x 2 xy
The compatibility equation then becomes the biharmonic equation
21 (21 ) = 0 (10)
or
41 = 0,
2 2
where 1 = x 2
+ y 2
is the 2D Laplace operator.
Outline
1 Introduction
2 Plane elasticity
Rectangular coordinates
Cylindrical and polar coordinates
3 Three-dimensional elasticity
Direct solution of Naviers equation
Examples
4 Summary
u = ur er + u e + uz ez .
Errh= ur
r E = 1r iu
+ r
ur
Ezz uz
= z
1 1 ur u u 1 u 1 uz
Er = 2 r + r Ez = + (12)
r
1 uz ur
2 z r
Ezr = 2 r + z .
B
u = Ar + . (16)
r
In polar coordinates we get
ur B ur B
er = =A 2 e = =A+ 2 er = 0 (17)
r r r r
/centre for analysis, scientific computing and applications
Introduction Plane elasticity Three-dimensional elasticity Summary
Outline
1 Introduction
2 Plane elasticity
Rectangular coordinates
Cylindrical and polar coordinates
3 Three-dimensional elasticity
Direct solution of Naviers equation
Examples
4 Summary
Outline
1 Introduction
2 Plane elasticity
Rectangular coordinates
Cylindrical and polar coordinates
3 Three-dimensional elasticity
Direct solution of Naviers equation
Examples
4 Summary
e 2 uk uk
( + G) + G2 uk + bk = 2 where e = .
Xk t Xk
2
Already in 1969, for elastostatics, with tu2k = 0, the solution of such a
set of three equations in three dimensions by finite-difference or
finite-element methods is beginning to be a possibility.
An advantage of direct solving the 3D problem instead of the less
complex 2D problem is that strains can be obtained in terms of the
first partial derivatives of the displacement field.
u = + . (22)
0.
2 2
( + 2G)(2 ),k + Gekrs (2 s ),r = ( 2
),k + ekrs ( 2 ),r .
t t
Specific solutions also satisfy the wave equations.
1 2 1 2 k
2 = 2 k = .
c12 t 2 c22 t 2
Papkovich-Neuber potentials
When the Helmholtz representation is substituted into the elastostatic
Navier Eq., we get
b
2 [ + ] = ,
G
where = 2(1)
12 . The Papkovic-Neuber potentials are 0 and ,
which is defined by
= + .
Then we get Poissons equations
2 = Gb
(
2 = br
0 G
1
G(P, Q) = + g(P, Q) 2 g = 0.
r1
1 1
G(P, Q) = .
r1 r2
Z Z
1 f 1
f (P) = dS G2 fdV
2 Z S r0 4 V
/centre for analysis, scientific computing and applications
Introduction Plane elasticity Three-dimensional elasticity Summary
Outline
1 Introduction
2 Plane elasticity
Rectangular coordinates
Cylindrical and polar coordinates
3 Three-dimensional elasticity
Direct solution of Naviers equation
Examples
4 Summary
We obtain
2 (x, y , z) = (1)P
GR
(1)(12)P
Z [ 0 (x, y , z)] = GR
0 (x, y , z) = (1)(12)P
G log(R + z)
Now also the displacements and tractions can be computed.
Outline
1 Introduction
2 Plane elasticity
Rectangular coordinates
Cylindrical and polar coordinates
3 Three-dimensional elasticity
Direct solution of Naviers equation
Examples
4 Summary
Summary
Naviers equations
Plane elasticity
Airy stress function
Plane elasticity in polar coordinates
Lam solution for tube
Helmholtz representation
Papkovich-Neuber potentials
Boussinesq problem
Literature.
Literature.