Autodyn Chapter 3 Autodyn Basics

Chapter 3
AUTODYN Basics
IIntroduction
t d ti to t ANSYS
AUTODYN
ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary Release 12.1

2010 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved. 3-1 February 2010
AUTODYN Basics
Structured and Unstructured Parts (Meshes) Training Manual
An AUTODYN Part can use a

Structured mesh or an Unstructured
mesh
Structured meshes can be g
generated in
AUTODYN
Use (I,J,K) index space
Unstructured meshes must be imported

(e.g. from Workbench)
Lagrange Parts (Solid, Shell, Beam)

Can be Structured or Unstructured
Unstructured Parts are solved more
efficiently (speed and memory)
A Structured Part can be converted to an
Unstructured Part prior to solving
Lagrange
g g Parts ((structured or
unstructured) can be used to fill regions
of Euler and SPH Parts
Euler and ALE Parts

Always Structured
Euler meshes are usually rectilinear
AUTODYN Basics
Structured Parts - Index Space Training Manual
Each Structured Part in AUTODYN has a defined index space (i,j) in 2D or

(i,j,k) in 3D, where i, j and k are integer values ranging from 1 to Ni, Nj, Nk
This index space
p is always
y rectangular
g
j=6
j i=1 i = 11
j=1

AUTODYN Basics
Structured Parts - Physical Space Training Manual
Each Structured Part is also defined in a physical xyz-space, where x,

y and z are real values
The mesh can have a g
general shape in physical
y space
j=6
i=1 i = 11
y
j=1
x

AUTODYN Basics
Structured Parts Unused Elements Training Manual
Not all elements defined in the index space need to be defined in

physical space
Elements
El t nott assigned
i d a material
t i l are Unused
U d
Allows complicated geometries to be meshed
Unused
Elements
Index Space
p y
Physical Space
p

AUTODYN Basics
Creating Structured Parts Training Manual
Part Wizard allows automatic generation of quality

structured Parts for predefined (Predef) geometries
2D Volume
Box, Quad, Circle, Ogive, Rhombus, Triangle, Wedge
3D Volume
Box, Hex, Cylinder, Sphere, Ogive, Fragments/Bricks
Shells Part
Wizard
Plate, Cylinder
Manually build quality structured meshes

Nodes
N d
Lines
Surfaces
Volumes
Import Structured Meshes

ICEM-CFD
TrueGrid
AUTODYN Basics
Part Wizard Training Manual
Part Wizard generates a Part in three steps

Define a Predef geometry
Define the zoning
Fill the whole Part
Geometry Zoning Fill

AUTODYN Basics
Part Wizard 2D Box Predef Training Manual

AUTODYN Basics
Part Wizard 2D Circle Predef Training Manual

AUTODYN Basics
Part Wizard 2D Predefs Training Manual
Ogive
Rhombus
Quads
Wedge

AUTODYN Basics
Part Wizard 3D Box Predef Training Manual

AUTODYN Basics
Part Wizard 3D Cylinder Predef Training Manual

AUTODYN Basics
Part Wizard 3D Predefs Training Manual
Sphere
Ogive
Hex
Bricks / Fragments

AUTODYN Basics
Part Wizard 3D Shell Predefs Training Manual
Plane
Cylinder

AUTODYN Basics
Manual Zoning Training Manual
Step-by-step generation of meshes

using
Node
Line
Surface
Volume
Interpolation
Extrusion

AUTODYN Basics
Importing 3D Structured Parts Training Manual
ANSYS, ICEM-CFD
Powerful 3D hex mesh

generator
t
Direct links to CAD

CATIA
CATIA, Pro/Engineer,
P /E i SDRC II-
DEAS, SolidWorks, Unigraphics, .
An interface to ICEM-CFD is
provided to allow import of
structured (mapped) meshes
into AUTODYN
ICEM multiblock meshes (.geo file)
Same import procedure as for

TrueGrid

AUTODYN Basics
Materials and Initial Conditions Training Manual
Materials and Initial Conditions are defined from

the Materials and Init. Cond. Dialog Panels
respectively
Once defined, they can be applied to Parts using
the Part Wizard and / or the Fill options in the
Parts dialog panel.
Apply (Part Wizard)
Apply
Define

AUTODYN Basics
Filling Parts with Materials and Initial Conditions Training Manual
The Wizard fills each Part with one material
Additional fills can be performed after the Wizard

completes
Each fill replaces materials / initial conditions of previous fills
Lagrange elements are filled if their center lies inside

the fill region (no multi-material cells are permitted)
Wizard Fill
Additional Block Fills Additional Geometry Fill
AUTODYN Basics
Boundary Conditions Training Manual
Boundary Conditions
C are defined
f f
from the Boundaries Dialog Panel
Once defined, Boundary Conditions can be applied to structured Parts
g index space from the Boundary
using y option in the Parts dialog
g panel
Apply
Define

AUTODYN Basics
Boundary Conditions Training Manual
Boundary Conditions can be applied the outside faces of a mesh and

the outside faces of Unused regions of the mesh
The default boundary condition is:
Lagrange: Free boundary (pressure = 0.0)
Euler : Rigid wall (no flow, velocity = 0.0)
U
Unused
d elements
l t
Filled elements
Boundary Conditions
can be applied here

AUTODYN Basics
Boundary Conditions: Stress Training Manual
Applied to Lagrange Parts

Constant Trapezoid
t t
Triangular Exponent
Pk = Pe-kt
t t
Piecewise User
subroutine
EXSTR
t t

AUTODYN Basics
Boundary Conditions: Velocity Training Manual
Applied to Lagrange, ALE, Shell, Beam and

SPH Parts
X, Y, Z Velocity Constraints
Constant
Fixed at a constant value
Limit
Limit position between max and min coordinates
Displacement constraint in Explicit Dynamics
Piecewise
Piecewise linear segments
General Velocity Constraints

Fixed constant velocities in XX, Y
Y, Z (3D) and
fixed rotational velocities about coordinate axes
User subroutine EXVEL

User Time-Dependant X,
X Y,
Y Z velocity

AUTODYN Basics
Boundary Conditions: Force Training Manual
Applied to Beam Parts
Nodal force boundary conditions
Constant, Piecewise, User

Subroutine EXFOR
x, y, z and general directions
Element force/unit length

g
boundary conditions
Constant, Piecewise, User

Subroutine EXFOR
x, y, z and general directions

AUTODYN Basics
Boundary Conditions: Transmit Training Manual
Applied to Lagrange, ALE and Euler Parts
Transmits waves through cell faces
Only the perpendicular component is

transmitted
The impedance of the boundary can be

specified
I = c
If impedance is set to zero the
impedance of the adjacent cell is used
The Transmit boundary condition is only

approximate and should be placed as
far as possible from regions of interest
F
For air
i blast
bl t iin E
Euler,
l Outflow
O tfl b
boundary
d
with p = 0.0 is recommended
AUTODYN Basics
Boundary Conditions: Flow Training Manual
Applied to Euler Parts

Inflow
Specify the full state of the material flowing
into the grid (density, internal energy and
velocity)
Outflow ((P = = e = 0)
Only the preferred material needs to be set
Reverse flow can be specified. If conditions
of reverse flow are reached,, an external
reservoir with prescribed conditions controls
inflow
You must specify the full state of the material
flowing
o g into
to tthe
eggrid
d (de
(density,
s ty, internal
te a e energy
e gy
and velocity)
The Outflow boundary condition is only
approximate and should be placed as far as
possible from regions of interest

AUTODYN Basics
Lagrange Interactions Training Manual
Options are the same as those used in Explicit

Dynamics (ANSYS)
Details given in the Body Interactions section of the
Explicit Dynamics training course
Contact type
Trajectory (default)
Method (Formulation)
Penalty
Decomposion Response
Shell Thickness Factor
External Gap (Proximity Based)
Gap Size = Pinball Factor
Parts must be initially separated by the Gap Size

AUTODYN Basics
Units Training Manual
AUTODYN uses single precision to make optimum use of solver power

and memory, so the choice of units is important, particularly for Euler
problems
Avoid pressures below 10-6 of a unit
Avoid cell masses less than 10-6 of a unit
The default set of units work well for virtually all problems
Length mm
Mass mg
Time ms
Velocity m/s
Force mN
Stress kPa
Density g/cm3
Energy mJ
Workbench Units will be converted to the chosen AUTODYN units when
linked
AUTODYN Basics
Solution Controls Training Manual
Wrapup Criteria
Must specify Cycle limit and Time limit
AUTODYN will stop and give warning if

energy error exceeds Energy fraction
(default 5%)
Timestep Options
Defaults are usually OK
If Initial timestep is left zero, it is computed

as half the stability timestep
If Minimum timestep is left zero

zero, it is
computed as 1/10th of the Initial time step
Safety factor can be safely increased to 0.9

for most Lagrange calculations
calc lations

AUTODYN Basics
Conservation Equations Training Manual
Mass and Momentum

are conserved exactly
Energy is not
conserved exactly

Practical numerical
methods which are
fully conservative have
problems of stability
and can be noisy
Good energy
gy
Conservation of conservation
energy and Problem
momentum can be
monitored using
history plotting
features. Good model
set-ups and analyses
will tend to have low
errors
AUTODYN Basics
Output Controls Training Manual
Save Files / Results Files

Frequency specified by
Cycle
C l iincrement
Time increment
Calculation can be re-started
re started from Save files
(not Results files)
Results files are significantly smaller than
Save files
Plots can be created from any Save file or
Results file
Animations can be created from a sequence
of Save / Results files
More flexible than Capture image

AUTODYN Basics
Output Controls Training Manual
Results Files (3D only)
Used to create plots

All
Allows post-processing
i off llarge models
d l on
computers with limited resources
Files are stored in a sub folder, ident_adres

Base files ident_bcyc.ad_base
Stores model data required by Results files
Must be present to load Results file data
Results files ident_bcyc_ncyc.adres

bcyc - the cycle number for the Base file
ncyc - the cycle number for the Results file

AUTODYN Basics
Workshop 1: 2D Fragment Impact Training Manual
Goal:
Model a multi-material
cylindrical
y fragment
g
impacting a plate
Procedure:
Startt AUTODYN
St
standalone
Set up the problem in
using 2D Axial
Symmetry
Solve the problem
View the results
Create animations of
the results


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Chapter 3

ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary Release 12.1

An AUTODYN Part can use a

Unstructured meshes must be imported

Lagrange Parts (Solid, Shell, Beam)

Euler and ALE Parts

Each Structured Part in AUTODYN has a defined index space (i,j) in 2D or

ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary Release 12.1

Each Structured Part is also defined in a physical xyz-space, where x,

ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary Release 12.1

Not all elements defined in the index space need to be defined in

ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary Release 12.1

Part Wizard allows automatic generation of quality

Manually build quality structured meshes

Import Structured Meshes

Part Wizard generates a Part in three steps

Geometry Zoning Fill

ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary Release 12.1

ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary Release 12.1

ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary Release 12.1

ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary Release 12.1

ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary Release 12.1

ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary Release 12.1

ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary Release 12.1

Step-by-step generation of meshes

ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary Release 12.1

Powerful 3D hex mesh

Direct links to CAD

Same import procedure as for

ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary Release 12.1

Materials and Initial Conditions are defined from

Apply (Part Wizard)

ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary Release 12.1

The Wizard fills each Part with one material

Additional fills can be performed after the Wizard

Lagrange elements are filled if their center lies inside

ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary Release 12.1

Boundary Conditions can be applied the outside faces of a mesh and

ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary Release 12.1

Applied to Lagrange Parts

ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary Release 12.1

Applied to Lagrange, ALE, Shell, Beam and

General Velocity Constraints

User subroutine EXVEL

ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary Release 12.1

Applied to Beam Parts

Nodal force boundary conditions

Constant, Piecewise, User

x, y, z and general directions

Element force/unit length

Constant, Piecewise, User

x, y, z and general directions

ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary Release 12.1

Applied to Lagrange, ALE and Euler Parts

Transmits waves through cell faces

Only the perpendicular component is

The impedance of the boundary can be

The Transmit boundary condition is only

Applied to Euler Parts

ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary Release 12.1

Options are the same as those used in Explicit

Shell Thickness Factor

External Gap (Proximity Based)

Gap Size = Pinball Factor