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- Derived from the two terms LOGUS which means science or study and socius
which means group or partners. Hence, it deals with the study of groups.
- In a group, interaction is vital and from this patterns of behavior evolve. Different
behaviors exists are developed to achieve a desired goal.
- Sociology is the scientific study of patterned, shared human behavior (Joseph
Fichter)
- Ways of people, social relations are discussed and scrutinized by historians,
philosophers, politicians, poets, theologians, and the like.
- Stories of what happened, whether told by experts or not is considered as the story
of people in social life. And to analyze these stories from a scientific point of view
is the task of the sociologist.
- The term sociology was first used by Auguste Comte, a Frenchman. Before,
sociologist are referred as social historians and philosophers.
Microsociology vs Macrosociology
Microsociology – looks at a group life close up. Smalls groups and processes of face
to face interactions between humans
What is anthropology?
- derived from the two greek word, Logos, which means study, or logia to study and
anthropos which means “man”.
- Branch of knowledge which deals with the scientific study of man, his works, his
body, his behavior and value, in time and space.
- It is the scientific study of physical, social and cultural development and behavior
of human beings since their appearance on earth.
Branches of Anthropology
Classification of Anthropology
1) Physical anthropology –known as biological anthropology. It deals with man’s
biological foundations, race evolution, racial classification, and differentiation.
1.1 racial history- nature of races
1.2 paleontology- origin of man
1.3 human genetics- various ways of inheritance that take place in man
(2) Cultural anthropology- known as social anthropology. Concept of culture
Culture- defined as the way of life a people which had been learned, shared, and
transmitted from one generation to another by means of language and symbols.
2.1 Ethography- pure description of culture of people or an ethnic group
2.2 Ethnology- analysis, comparison, and contrast of culture of people. Interest on
the relationship of beliefs and practice by use of data collected through
observation and interviewing living people.
2.3 Social Anthropology- higher level of abstraction than ethnology. One
evolves generalization about social life and conduct based on the
ethnography and ethnology of the culture under study.
Archaelogy- concerned with the study of man’s culture and society in the past as far
back in time as prehistoric times.
Evidences of evaluating prehistoric societies are:
1. fossils,
2. artifacts,
Linguistics- systematic study of recorded and unrecorded languages all over the
world.Also deals with the relationship between language and culture. Deals with how
culture affects language and vice versa.
Differences:
1. The two sciences differ in terms of origin
a) Sociology- study of Western civilization and later, of advanced and
contermporary societies.
b) Anthropology – started with the study of primitive or non-literate
groups, considered exotic and queer and similar objects.
2. Sociology allows sampling of the subject of study, anthropology makes use
of wholistic approach.
1. Introduces the various concepts vital in our understanding of culture and society
2. It expands the view of the world thereby appreciating society and culture better.
3. it will make understand better why people of different groups and culture behave
the way they do. Thus we may able to adjust ourselves to their peculiar ways and
patterns
4. It will give us the insight that our group is different from others. Thus we may be
led to respect the identity and unique nature of other groups and members of the
group.
5. It will help in promoting inter-ethnic and cultural understanding.
Higher level of research began using thorough gathering of data about individual
cultures. This was adopted by Franz Boas,and Alfred Kroeber. – Branislaw
Malinowski, AR Radcliffe-Brown, Ralf Linton, and the like.
How Sociology developed:
Auguste Comte- A French Philosopher who coined the word sociology in 1838 to
designate to his newly formulated “science of the associated life of humanity”. He
believed the the methods and techniques of the natural sciences could also be applied
to the study of society.
Law of Three Stages-Knowledge passes through stages
1. Theological or fictitious
2. Metaphysical or abstract
3. Scientific or positive
Early Tradition
Max Weber
- first book – The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism
examined how belief systems might affect people’s actions and in turn the
economic systemof their society
Pitirim Sorokin
-sought to provide a complete account of sociology, psychologically based and
philosophically oriented.
Talcott Parsons
- Structure of Social Action
Sociology
- introduced to the Philippines by Fr. Valentin Marin.
- Prof Salt introduced a course on Social Ethics in the UP
- Dr. Clyde introduced sociology in Silliman University
Serafin Macaraig
- was the first Filipino to receive a doctorate in sociology
- published his “introduction ot sociology in University of the Philippines