INTRODUCTION:

HVDC transmission system

PAPER PRESENTATION ON
HIGH VOLTAGE DIRECT
CURRENT
produces less interference to neighboring
communication systems and the
interconnection of two AC systems via a
DC link is easier than an AC link
Even though this system is
slightly more complicated & requires
higher initial cost to be incurred, it has
proven itself to be a better system for
long run.

PRESENTED BY: WHY HAS HVDC TAKEN OFF?

S.Senthil Kumar, S.Prasath HV is needed to transmit DC a
M.A.M College Of Engineering long distance.
Trichy – chennai trunk road, Semiconductor thyristors able to
Siruganur, handle high currents (4,000 A) and block
Tiruchirapalli -621 105 high voltages (up to 10 kV) were needed
for the widespread adoption of HVDC.
CONTACT DETAILS: Newer semiconductor VSC
S.Senthil Kumar (voltage source converters), with
Mobile No.:+91 99420 89440 transistors that can rapidly switch
E-Mail Id:ssk3712@gmail.com between two voltages, has allowed lower
power DC.
VSC converter stations also are
smaller and can be constructed as self-
contained modules, reducing
construction times and costs.
DC TOWER DIMENSIONS: DC TRANSMISSION DESIGN:
Converting Station is expensive.
Converting TRF.
Converting Valve. (quad valves).
12m AC & DC filtering.
DC Transmission Line.
22m
Pole Configuration
Smaller, Cheaper DC Towers.
Line Commutation.

15-20m
DESIGN OF 400KV, 2GW DC TL
400kV DC and 500kV AC.

DIAGRAM OF THE LINE: Converting Valves 400kV.

4kV thyristors, (100 LTT/valve)
Convertin Converting Span = 200 M
g Valve Valve TRF 1
TRF 1

Sag = 8.94m
Converting Converting
TRF 2 Valve Valve TRF 2
Tension = 31433.82
Pole’s Height 13 + 8.9 =21.9m.

SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM OF A
CONVERTER STATION:
THURY HVDC TRANSMISSION
The heart of HVDC is the
SYSTEM:
converter stations used stations at
sending as well as receiving ends.
The important components of the
converter station are
Converter unit
AC & DC filters
Transformers
1. CONVERTER UNIT:
The converter unit consists of
two three phase 6 pulse converter
bridges connected in series to form a 12
pulse converters.
The DC filters are connected on
the output side (DC side) of the
converter unit.
The DC filters are similar to AC
filters.

12-pulse converter unit TYPES OF DC LINKS:

Thyristor Module
Two AC systems can be
interconnected through DC links very
Mid-
AC
point DC
bus
conveniently.
Side
arrestor

DC
The DC links are classified into
Side

three types
Thyristor Quad-valve Mono polar link
Bipolar link
2. TRANSFORMERS: Homopolar link
The converter transformers have
different configurations. MONOPOLAR LINK:
Various configurations in which
a 3 phase transformer can be connected
as
star/star One of the terminals of the
delta/delta rectifier is connected to earth ground.
star/delta The other terminal, at a potential
delta/star high above, or below, ground, is
connected to a transmission line.
3. AC & DC FILTERS: Most monopolar systems are
The AC filters are connected on designed for future bipolar expansion.
the input side (AC side) of the converter
unit.
BIPOLAR LINK: 1. BACK-TO-BACK HVDC SYSTEM
In this case the two converter
stations are located at the same site and
there is no transmission of power with a
DC link over a long distance.
HVDC back-to-back stations are
used for coupling of electricity mains of
In bipolar transmission a pair of
different frequency.
conductors is used, each at a high
potential with respect to ground, in
2. MULTI TERMINAL HVDC
opposite polarity
SYSTEM:
The advantage of bipolar link is
In this configuration there are
the direction of flow can be reversed.
more than two sets of converters used.

HOMOPOLAR LINK:
3. TRIPOLE HVDC SYSTEMS:
Homopolar link has two or more
Two of the three circuit
conductors all having the same polarity.
conductors are operated as a bipole.
The homopolar link has an
The third conductor is used as a
advantage of reduced insulation costs.
parallel monopole, equipped with
The disadvantage of homopolar
reversing valves
is earth returns outweighs the advantage.
This allows heavier currents to
be carried by the bipole conductors, and
CONFIGURATIONS OF HVDC
full use of the installed third conductor
SYSTEM:
for energy transmission.
Depending upon the function &
location of the converter stations,
SYSTEMS WITH TRANSMISSION
configurations of HVDC systems are
LINES:
Back-to-back HVDC systems
The most common configuration
Multi terminal HVDC system
of an HVDC link is two inverter/rectifier
Systems with transmission lines
stations connected by an overhead power
Tripole HVDC system
line.
 This is also a configuration HVDC & SOLAR POWER:
commonly used in connecting HVDC would appear to be
unsynchronized grids, in long-haul particularly relevant for developing large
power transmission, and in undersea scale solar electrical power.
cables. Major sources are low latitude,
and high altitude deserts, and these tend
HVDC VERSUS GAS PIPELINE: to be remote from major demand
Relative costs depend on the cost centers.
of land, and the price of gas among other Photovoltaic cells also produce
factors. electricity as DC, eliminating the need to
LNG also competes with HVDC convert at source.
for exploiting some gas reserves.
Variable costs of an overhead HVDC & THE ENVIRONMENT:
HVDC link are less than the variable Ground current – mono polar or
costs of pipeline gas. bipolar systems.
HVDC systems are difficult to
RENEWABLE ENERGY & HVDC: tap to feed loads along the line and then
HVDC seems particularly suited need to be controlled.
to many renewable energy sources:
Sources of supply (hydro, SOME EARLY HVDC PROJECTS:
geothermal, wind, tidal) are often distant Most early HVDC links were
from demand centers. submarine cables where the cost
Wind turbines operating at advantage of DC is greatest.
variable speed generate power at Others involved hydroelectric
different frequencies, requiring resources, since there is no practical
conversions to and from DC. alternative to long distance high voltage
Large hydro projects, for transmission of hydroelectric energy.
example, also often supply multiple Pacific DC tie installed in 1970
transmission systems. parallel to 2 AC circuits – system
stabilization was a major issue.
 Square Butte link in N. Dakota AC systems operating
(750 km, 500 MW, 250 kV) displaced asynchronously can not share AC power
transporting coal, with system A long distance dc overhead line
stabilization a major ancillary benefit. saves one conductor (2 v. 3) that offsets
the costs for the terminal equipment if
EARLY HVDC SYSTEMS the line is long enough
Cross Channel -1961; 160 MW,
64 km cable between England and HVDC CONVERTER VALVES:
France Vacuum tubes have too
(ASEA) high a voltage drop
Volgorod – Donbass - 1965; 720 Low pressure gas tubes
MW, 470 km in Russia have voltage limitations
Sardinia; 1967; 200 MW, 413
km between Sardinia and Italian ADVANTAGES OF HVDC SYSTEM
mainland It is economical as compared to
(GEC England) HVAC system for long distance
New Zealand – 1965; 600 MW transmission (more than 500 to 800 km).
between the south and north islands A two wire HVDC system
(ASEA) carries as a 3wire HVAC system, thus
Konti-Scan I – 1965; 250 MW, saving the cost of conductor material &
180 km between Sweden and Denmark insulation material.
(ASEA) HVDC system has full control
Sakuma - 1965; 300 MW over the transmitted power.
frequency converter in Japan (ASEA) HVDC system is highly reliable
in its operation.
IMPETUS FOR HVDC POWER The corona effect is less
TRANSMISSION: T FEA significant in DC conductors than AC.
Long distance undersea AC cable
power transmission not feasible DISADVANTAGES OF HVDC
Water power resources far SYSTEM:
away from load centers
 The cost of terminal equipment CONCLUSION:
(i.e. converter, filters etc) is quite high. AC TL higher Tower and
Due to presence of converters the conductor costs and lower terminal
control is quite complex. costs.
Generation of harmonic currents, DC TL lower Tower and
which requires use of AC & DC filters, conductor costs and higher terminal
which adds to the cost of converter costs.
station. Economics determines the design
to be used.
APPLICATIONS OF HVDC Line length determines which
SYSTEM: one is more economic
Long distance bulk power
transmission.
A synchronous interconnection
of AC systems operating at different
frequencies.
Under ground or water cables.

HVDC WORLDWIDE
Europe
New zealand
Japan
North america
South africa – mozambique
Zaire
Brazil
Australia
India
China