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L. C. Ku1, N. S. M. Lazim1
1Department of Electrical Engineering, Polytechnic Sultan Salahuddin Abdul Aziz
Shah 40150, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
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Abstract - Measurement of jaundice among neonates is Direct photometry can be used only in newborns. In the
important in determine the possible treatment to prevent any case of most children and adults, the serum includes many
serious illness. Normally jaundice is checked by using invasive other pigments of similar colors and reactions as bilirubin.
method; blood test and urine test. Invasive blood sampling is The proposed benefits of using this technology include non-
invasive and accurate screening for clinically significant
stressful for the neonate, resulting in blood loss and an
jaundice. Transcutaneous Bilirubin readings are instant and
increased risk for infections at the site of sampling. Direct
results can avoid delay with discharge and or indicate the
Photometry Non Invasive Bilirubin Device will overcome the need for formal SBR testing [3]. Based on biomedical
issues happened. Direct photometric measurements are based engineer and hospital staffs, providing a non-invasive
on direct measurements of suitably solved serum at the method in detecting hyperbilirubinemia or jaundice can
wavelength of 455nm, which is the absorption maximum of overcome some problem that may occurs during taking
bilirubin. Direct photometry can be used only in newborns. The neonates blood. And can overcome mistake in prick needle
knowledge of light transmission and absorption on a specific among neonates. However, this non-invasive method which
tissue compartment is applied. The relevant skin photo is the Direct Photometry Non Invasive Bilirubin Device must
diagnostics handle 575 nm (green) and 450 nm (blue be calibrating to avoid from false readings and wrong
monochromatic light). The device uses only one parameter indicator.
which is reading of bilirubin in mol/L. The output will appear
on the LCD based on the level of bilirubin. It appeared as 1.1 Bilirubin
Normal (Green Light), Moderate (Yellow Light) and Critical
(Red Light and Buzzer). Bilirubin is the yellowish pigment that is the
byproduct of heme catabolism. Bilirubin is responsible for
the yellow color of the urine. When the cell is died
Key Words: arduino, bilirubin, non-invasive, photometry, hemoglobin is release from the cell, which is breakdown into
wavelength heme and globin. Heme is finally converting into bilirubin, an
orange-yellow pigment. Bilirubin is an endogenous anion
derived from hemoglobin degradation from the Red Blood
1.INTRODUCTION
Cell [4]. Bilirubin is altered by exposure to light so serum
and plasma samples must be kept in dark before
The development of new technology introduces the new
measurements are made. When the liver function tests are
model and method detection of jaundice or
abnormal and the serum bilirubin levels more than
hyperbilirubinemia by using non-invasive method. The
17mol/L suggest underlying liver disease.
yellow discoloration is used to measure bilirubin
concentration for determining the level of jaundice in In a newborn, higher bilirubin is normal due to the
infants[1]. Hyperbilirubinemia or Neonates Jaundice is stress of birth. Normal bilirubin in a newborn would be
commonly happened in the neonates or newborns due to under 5 mg/dL, but many newborns have some kind of
rise in the amount of bilirubin concentration in the body. jaundice and bilirubin levels above 5 mg/dL [5]. If the blood
Non-invasive, transcutaneous, point of care measurement of tests show abnormally high levels of bilirubin, doctor may
transcutaneous bilirubin (TcB) pre-discharge by multi- order more tests to determine the underlying cause. Once
wavelength spectral analysis, using a portable device is the doctor has determined a cause of high bilirubin levels, it
clinically equivalent to measurement of TSB in a diverse, may take more bilirubin blood tests to monitor the
multiracial term and near-term newborn population and effectiveness of the treatment.
predictive of subsequent hyperbilirubinemia [2]. Non-
invasive bilirubin meter can overcome the problem when
taking the blood from the neonates. It can be painless and
user friendly to the user.
2017, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 5.181 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 401
International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395 -0056
Volume: 04 Issue: 05 | May -2017 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072
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2017, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 5.181 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 402
International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395 -0056
Volume: 04 Issue: 05 | May -2017 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072
2017, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 5.181 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 403
International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395 -0056
Volume: 04 Issue: 05 | May -2017 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072
2017, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 5.181 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 404