Nuclear Physics A223 (1974) 445 -461; @ ~artb-~o~iaad Publishing Co.

, Amsterdam
Not to be reproduced by photoprint or microfilm without written permission from the publisher

LATTICE MEASU~~ENTS OF STATES IN %Ja AND 41Kt

K. P. LIEB, M. UHRMACHER and J. DAUK
Institut fiir Kernphysik, ~niugrsit~t II&K&z
and
A. M. K~EINFELD
I. Pb~sikaiisch~s rnstitut der ~ni~ersit~t za K&z, 5 KSn 41, Federal Repubblicof Germany

Received 19 November 1973

(Revised 15 February 1974)
Abstract: Measurements of the y-ray decay of states in 41Ca and 41K populated in the reactions
Al(eO, pn) and 2A1(60, Zp) have been performed. Using the recoil distance Doppler
shift method, mean lifetimes were determined for states in 41Ca at 3370 keV (28&5 ps), 3830
keV (4.440.3 ns) and 3915 keV {2.6&0.8 ps), and in 41K at 2528 keV (2305 12 ps), 2761 keV
(1.3 r$ ps), 2774 keV (74+8 ps) and 4983 keV (10115 ps). The 3370 and 3830 keV states
in %a are suggested to be J = q+ and %+, respectively, having predominantly 2p-lh
configurations. These suggestions contradict a recent interpretation of these states as being
members of a strongly deformed K = $- rotational band.

NUCLEAR REACTIONS 27A1(160, pny), (160, 2py) E = 32.5-44 MeV; measured

E u(E,,), DoppIer shift. %Za, 4*K deduced levels, T*, y-branching. Natural target,
Ge(Li) detector.

1. Intr~uctio~

The question of what collective features magic or nearly magic nuclei show
and how they can be explained on the basis of the shell model, has attracted consid-
erable attention. The existence of 4p-4h XT= 0 rotational bands I* ) in I60 and 4oCa,
for instance, as we11as the coexistence of spherical and deformed components in the
wave functions of nuclei with A = 18 and A = 42 has been esta~ished 3P4).
However, in spite of considerable theoretical and experimental effort, the structure
of the odd-even nuclei in the immediate vicinity of 4oCa, i.e. 39K, 39Ca, 41Ca, 4Sc,
is not as well understood.
The situation in 4Ca has been recently reviewed by Bernstein ) in the light of a
simple weak-coupling model considering multiparti~le multi-hole ~on~gurations.
Up to five particles were allowed to move in the 1;shell and the holes were restricted
to the d, subsheil. The particle-hole interaction of Bansal and French ) was em-
ployed. Due to the high spin j = 3 of the particle shell, this schematic calculation
predicts, between 2.1 and 6.5 MeV excitation energy, a total of 125 np-(n- I)h states
(2 I n 5 5), among them 35 high spin states with Jj 5 d =<J$. In particular, the
+ Supported by the Deutsches ~undesministerium fiir Forschung und Technoiogie.
445
446 K. P. LlEEi et al.
 41Ca, 41K 447

stretched 2p-lh J = J$ state is expected around 4.9 MeV and a 3p-2h J = Jg-
state near 5.7 MeV.
A possible indication for collective effects is the severely inhibited ground state E2
transition of the 2462 keV 3- state (]&,!I s 7 x lOA W.U.) ). According to recent
work by Seth et al. 8), this level is considered to be the band head of a K = $- rota-
tional band with an unusually small energy constant of hZ/20 = 42k2 keV. These
authors also claim to have identified a K = 3 rotational band starting at 2010 keV
and having the same moment of inertia. Extrapolating these bands toward higher
spins, one expects states at 5.4 (J = Js-+), 5.8 (q-), 6.2 (9) and 6.6 MeV (y-)
excitation energy.
In the present paper, which is part of an investigation of heavy ion compound
nuclear reactions in light nuclei, we report on the y-ray decay of states in 41Ca and
41K. In particular, we have determined the level energies, branching ratios and mean
lifetimes of these states. The reactions z7A1(60, pn) and A1(r60, 2p) were used,
which presumably populate high spin states with J 2 4 (we have not as yet been able
to make definite spin parity assignments). In sect. 2, the identification of y-ray transi-
tions is described and level schemes are proposed. Sect. 3 is devoted to the lifetime
measurements.

2. Gamma radiation observed in the reactions *7A1(60, pn)41Ca and

*Al(160, 2~)~lK
2.1. EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE

A 100 nA beam of 16O ions produced by the Kiiln HVEC tandemvan de Graaff
accelerator, was used to bombard a 400 lug/cm2 Al target evaporated onto a 0.1 mm
thick Ta backing. Singles y-ray spectra were accumulated using a 70 cm3 true coaxial
Ge(Li) detector positioned at 90 to the beam. The detector was masked with 2 mm
of Pb in order to reduce the low-energy part of the spectrum. The energy resolution
of the detector was 3.1 keV at 1.33 MeV and 4.5 keV at 3.37 MeV. Fig. 1 shows a
spectrum taken at 40 MeV bombarding energy. The spectrum is quite complex
due to the large number of y-ray unstable products formed after the evaporation of
l-3 light fragments from the original compound nucleus 43Sc [ref. )I. In addition
to (41Ca+pn) and (K+2p), we have also identified y-decays from the (j8Ar+ap),
(35Cl+2a), (40K+2pn), (40Ca+p2n) and other channels.
In order to more clearly isolate the transitions in 41Ca and 41K, we performed a
y-y coincidence experiment using a second Ge(Li) detector with an active volume of
55 cm3 located opposite the first one. After passing through a conventional fast-slow
coincidence, the coincidence spectra were processed in an event-by-event mode and
written on magnetic tape. When analyzing the tapes, windows were set on all relevant
transitions in the first detector and the associated coincidence spectra so obtained
were corrected for contributions caused by the background within the windows.
Typical corrected spectra are displayed in fig. 2.
448 K. P. LIEB et al.

2b7- keV GATE

27 16
Al t O.~n+Co

L60 keV GATE

0 500 IObO liO0 20bo

CHANNEL NUMBER
Fig. 2. Sample of y-y coincidence spectra (a) of the reaction z7A1(60, 2~)~rK, 247 keV gate, and
(b) of the reaction 27A1(160, pn)4Ca, 460 keV gate.

TABLE1
Transitions and level energies in 41Ca and 41K

Nucleus Excited state Transition Rel. intensity

EX WV) maximum Er (keV) state observed at 32.5 MeV
spin value nos. and corrected for
angular distribution

Wa 1 3201.3hO.5 8 3201.310.5 l-+0 100

2 3370.1 f0.5 z 3370.1 so.5 2-+0 91&5
3 3830.410.7 460.3f0.2 3+2 12915
4 3915.4f0.8 z 545.350.3 4+2 39*3
5 5219.9*0.9 1389.5hO.2 5-+3 39&3
6 6827 &3 1607 -1-2 6+5 34*5
=K 1 1293.710.2 1293.7kO.2 l+O 89&5
2 1677.3AO.2 f- 1677.3kO.2 2-o 100
3 2527.7AO.5 850.4hO.3 3+2 105&5
4 2761.6hO.4 z 1467.9hO.2 4-+1 32f3
5 2774.3&0.8 246.6&0.3 5-3 102f5
6 4274.1 ho.8 z 1512.5&0.3 6+4 20*2
1498 f2 6+5 7&l
7 4982.7*1.0 % 708.6&0.2 7+6 1932
 &*Ca, 4*K 449

We finally deduced the relative intensities of the transitions and corrected them for
the efficiency of the detector and the anisotropy of their angular distributions ).

2.2. LEVEL SCHEMES

Transitions attributed to 41Ca and 41K and the corresponding level schemes are
presented in table 1 and fig. 3 respectively. In addition to the known states in 41Ca at
3201, 3370, 3830 and 3915 keV [refs. lo+)I, states at 52205 1 keV, which coincides

6827

5220 Cl712 L983 (1912

4276 <15/2
L13/2
115/27
111/2+1
(9121 Cl312
<u/2
Cl112

Fig. 3. Excited states and transitions in *Ca and 41K observed in the present work.

with a J = -2_2p- 1h state suggested by Thorn et al. *), and at 6827 +-2 keV were
observed. Our results for the states in 41K at 1294,1677,2528 and 2762 keV agree well
with the work of Beckstrand and Shera 13) and others ). The remaining four transi-
tions in 41K were assigned to three so far unknown states at 2774, 4274 and 4983
keV, which presumably have high spins since they are strongly populated in the
27A1(60,2p) reaction.

3. Lifetime measurements
3.1. PLUNGER APPARATUS
The design of our plunger apparatus, which is described in detail elsewhere r5),
is very similar to the original one used by Alexander et al. ), The apparatus is housed
in a cube shaped target chamber maintained at a pressure of lo- 6 Torr.
The 30-50 nA 160 beam enters through a system of slits 3 and 6 mm in diameter
and is focussed to a 2 x 2 mm2 beam spot on the stretched target foil whose position
is fixed during the measurement. The recoiling nuclei and the beam are stopped in a
stretched 20 pm thick movable Ta foil. The stopper distance is determined by a
micrometer with an accuracy of 2 ~mldivision and a range of 10 mm. At flight distances
* Constructed at the Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nncleare, Legnaro, Italy.
450 K. P. LIEB et af.

smaller than 1 mm, an independent reading is obtained from an additional micro-

meter with an accuracy of 1 pm/division. In order to reduce thermal influences
caused by temperature variations at the experimental area and by the heavy ion
bombardment, most parts were made from INVAR Dilavar Ni36, a steel alloy
whose linear thermal expansion coefficient 1.2 x lo- /OC is an order of magnitude
smaller than that of stainless steel. Thus the dilatation of the 16 cm rod
connecting the stopper and the two micrometers was only about 0.2 pm/C. The overall
accuracy of the distance setting during the experiment was +2 pm andwas mostly
due to the local deformation of the target foil under heavy ion bombardment. The
reproducibility of the positioning was determined by measuring known short life
times 17) in the range z = 2-20 ps and by checking zero distance (electric contact)
before and after each run.
Two runs were carried out. In the first run a 100 .ug/cm2 Al target evaporated onto
a 2.5 pm Au foil was used. At a bombarding energy of 44 MeV, the final nuclei had an
average velocity of v/c = (2.43+0.05)x, as taken from the separations between
the flight and stop peaks. Spectra were recorded at 19 distances, chosen in random
order, between 0 and 10000 pm. In the second run. in which we concentrated on short

II = Lpm

r
8: io 892

CHANNEL NUMBER

Fig. 4a.
 0
1900 2oao 3000

CHANNEL NUMBER

Fig. 4b.
Fig. 4. Portions of the pray spectra at recoil distances of 4 *urn and 2000 pm: (a) transitions below
2 MeV; (b) transitions above 2 MeV.

lifetimes, a 1 pm thin AI foil was used without any backing. The bombarding energy
for this run was 32.5 MeV corresponding to an average recoil velocity of v/c =
(2.183:0.03)%. In both runs, the effective beam energy in the target was selected to
be close to E = 34 MeV, at which energy the cross sections for the production of
4Ca and 41K reach a maximum 1.
For the lifetime measurements, the ~-radiation was detected at 0 with respect to
the beam in the 70 em3 Ge(Li). Portions of the spectra taken at f) =4 flrn and D =
2000 pm are displayed in fig, 4. For most of the transitions the stop and flight peak
were clearly resolved. The intensities of the stop peaks were obtained by means of
the automatic peak search routine GAMMA *). In regions of the spectra where
several stop and fhght peaks overlap, i.e. around 800 and 1650 keV, the spectra
were unfolded by hand by inserting Doppler broadened line shapes for the flight
peaks, which were estimated from the observed spectra.
452 K. P. LIEB et al.

3.2. ANALYSIS
The analysis follows closely the method used by Jones et al. I) and by Fossan
and Warburton ). A computer program was written which incorporates the
corrections discussed in the following subsections.
3.2.1. Normalisation of the spectra. If we consider an ensemble of excited nuclei
travelling with a constant velocity u along the recoil distance D, the lifetime of the
state can be simply derived from the exponential decay curve of the stop peak

Here, If and I, denote the intensities of the flight and stop peak. Since the flight
peaks were Doppler broadened, it was not possible to determine their intensities
with the same precision as the stopped peaks. We therefore normalized the decay
curves R(I)) by means of the strong y-radiation following Coulomb excitation of the
target backing and/or the stopper. This procedure was found to be satisfactory since
the target thickness remained constant during the measurement and appreciable
carbon build-up, which would have reduced the effective beam energy and thus
the yield of Coulomb excited nuclei, was avoided. In the first run, the intensity of
either the 281 --+0 keV or the 548 -+ 0 keV transition in g7A~ produced in the target
backing was used for normalization. In the second run the data was normalized to the
intensity of the 301 + 0 keV transition emitted by the Ta stopper. At recoil distances
D 2 500 pm, the variation of the solid angle had to be taken into account. This
introduces a correction which depends on the origin of the radiation (target or

TARGET Ge (Li f

F
0 t 1 I
0 1 2 3

x RAY ENERGY (MeV)

Fig. 5. Solid angle correction, see text.

 4Ca, 41K 4.53

stopper) as well as on the point of detection within the Ge(Li) detector. As illustrated
in fig. 5, the 281 keV radiation is detected predominantly near the front edge of the
crystal, whereas the 3.37 MeV y-rays interact with the crystal after penetrating a
much thicker layer of germanium. In fig. 5, the distance d up to which half the
intensity of the incoming y-rays are transmitted without interaction is plotted against
the y-ray energy. It was this distance d which was used to define the solid angle. In
the case mentioned above the solid angle of the 3370 keV line changes by 21 91
relative to that of the 281 keV transition as the plunger is moved from 0 to 10 mm.
3.2.2. ~~~tri~~ti~~ of the recoil velocity. The energy straggling of the oxygen
ions in the target backing and the kinematics of the compound nucleus reactions in
which the residual nuclei are formed produce considerable broadening of the dis-
tribution of the direction and magnitude of the recoil velocity. The kinematical
effects were estimated for those reactions in which two light particles are emitted,
i.e. for the reactions Al(160, pn)41Ca, A1(r60, cIp)38Ar and 27Al(60, 2~)~Cl.
Using the three particle kinematics program DACH 21), the energy ER and angle
ORof the recoil nuclei were calculated as functions of the energies (E,, E4) and the
angles of emission (8,, 0,) of the light particles. At 32.4 MeV bombarding energy,
the maximum recoil angles were found to be t?R(41Ca) M BR(41K) = 15, BRf3Ar)
= 27 and f?,(Cl) = 37.
In addition, the correlation between the recoil nuclei and the deexcitation y-rays
must be taken into account in order to construct the exact distribution of u,/c.
However, since this correlation was not known, we assumed dcid8, = const, dold0,
= const and an isotropic emission of the y-rays. The assumption da/df?, = const,
results from the emission of particles with high angular momentum from an aligned
compound nucleus. Experimental support for this assumption are the measurements
of the angular distributions for the reactions 12C(r60, a)24Mg [ref. )I and 14N
(12C, 6Li)20Ne [ref. 23)].The double peaked line shape of the 2168 keV flight peak
produced in the reaction 2Al( 60, gp)38Ar (see fig. 4) may offer an indirect justifica-
tion of this assumption. A strongly anisotropic angular distribution of the cr-particles
peaking at 0 and 180 results in two groups of 38Ar nuclei, a fast one (u,/c w 3.3 S/,)
and a siow one (v;-/c M 1.6 /o)_The y-ray flight peaks corresponding to these two
groups are partially resolved thereby producing the observed line shape.
Since the corrections to R(B) due to energy and angle spreading turned out to be
of the order of 5 % or less, a rectangular distribution was used in the final analysis.
The width, 2d(v,), of this rectangular distribution was adjusted to be the same as
the width of the distribution discussed above. For the case of a rectangular distribu-
tion of v,/c, the decay curve is given by
R(x) = $eWX, x = D/vz, v = {v,),
where the correction factor I&is expressed as a power series in the width d [ref. )I.
The values of d for the above three cases are: dt4K) z d(4Ca) = 0.15,
d(38Ar) = 0.35 and d(35Cl) = 0.47. For 4Ca, 41K and 38Ar, the calculated
454 K. P. LIEB ef n[.

average recoil velocity (0,) and the values of A agreed quite well with the values ob-
tained from the shape of the flight peaks. The flight peak of the 3163 -+ 0 keV transi-
tion in 3sC1, however, was too broad to be resolved from the background. In this
case, A = 0.47 was estimated from the kinematics and the same velocity was employed
as for the other reactions. Using these values, the correction [ l-11/1 for the 41K and
41Ca cases was found to be less than 1 %.
3.2.3. Cascade feeding. The strong population of high spin states in heavy ion
induced reactions followed by multistep cascades can make the determination of the
lifetimes of lower states a difficult task. In contrast to ground state rotational bands
where lifetimes tend to decrease for increasing spin, the higher lying levels of some
strongly populated cascades were found to be relatively long lived. In order to analyze
all strong transitions within each cascade, it was essential to choose a relatively low
bombarding energy at which side feeding competes favourably with cascade feeding.
For all transitions studied in this experiment, the two level formulae given by Kern
and Bond 24) were found to be adequate.

3.3. RESULTS
3.3.1. Among the large number of final nuclei produced
Test of the.plunger.
simultaneously in the bombardment of Al with an 160 beam, several states with

10 100 1000 lC.000

DISTANCE (pm 1
Fig. 6. Decay curves of the 3830 + 3370 and 3370 + 0 keV transition in %a. Note the clear
separation between the short component of the 3370 keV state and the long component of the
3830 keV state.
 JCa, 4K 455

known lifetimes in the range t = 1 ps-10 ns, are available which are suitable for
testing the plunger apparatus. As an example we mention the 4585 keV 5- state in
38Ar which is strongly populated in the reaction *Al(160, cup). Its lifetime
r = 194f 11 ps obtained in the present experiment is in excellent agreement with the
previously determined value z = 199+ 8 ps [weighted average of refs. 25-29)].
3.3.2. Lifetimes of states in 41Ca and 41K. A total of 7 lifetimes and 4 upper
limits were measured. The fits to the experimental decay curves are shown in figs. 6-9;
table 2 summarizes the results of the two runs.
States in 41Ca. At 32.5 MeV, the reaction *Al(r60, pn) strongly populates the
3830 keV state whose long lifetime of 4.440.3 ns dominates the decay curves of the
3830 -+ 3370, 3370 -+ 0 and 3201 + 0 keV transitions (see fig. 6). A shorter compo-
nent of 28 + 5 ps, which was clearly visible in the 3370 --f 0 and 3201 -+ 0 transitions,
was attributed to the 3370 keV state. From DSA work 30), the lifetime of the 3201 keV
state is known to be z = 27+24 fs. From the rapid decrease of R(D) for the
3915 -+ 3370 keV transition (fig. 7), the lifetime of the 3915 keV state is found to be

400
27A[ ( 60,pn j4Ca
E = 32.5 MeV

20

-10 0 10 20 30

MICROMETER READING [,um]

Fig. 7. The R(D) function of the 3915 + 3370 keV state in Ca.

z = 2.610.8 ps. This nicely demonstrates the merit of the RD method in a domain
which has generally been reserved for the DSA method. Finally, the limit r(5220) <
0.5 ps was obtained by performing a standard DSA analysis of the 5220 --f 3830 keV
line, which was measured at 0 using a 200 pg/cm* Al target evaporated onto a 0.1
mm thick Ta backing.
The 4983-4274-2762-1294-O cascade in 41K. The decay curves of the upper three
transitions in this cascade, shown in fig. 8, feature the same time constant r = 101 + 5
ps. This is therefore the lifetime to be associated with the highest state of the cascade
at 4983 keV. In the second run we identified a very short component in the R(D)
function of the 2762 --* 1294 keV transition, which was missing in the 4274 + 2762
keV decay, and from which we find ~(2762) = 1.3?,$: ps and ~(4274) < 10 ps. A
456 K. P. LIEB et 41.

2%1(160,2p)4K , E: 44 MeV

4980- 4272

1
sdoo
DISTANCE&ml
Fig. 8a.

R(D) E = 32.5 McV

1.0

0.9

0.8

1.0

0.9

0.8

0.7

0.6

0.5

0.4 Jlr*rl~r~~rtl
0 100 200 0 500 1000
DISTANCE tjim)

Fig. 8b.
Fig. 8. Decay curves (a) of the 4983 --> 4274 keV transition in 41K and (b) of the 4274 --f 2762 and
2762 -+ 1294 keV transitions in 4*K.
 Ca, 4K 457

R(D) 1.0

:.:::j
0.5
i

02

0.1

0.05 2774 - 2528

0.02
i
1000 1500
DISTANCE (pm)

Fig 9a.

Ei 6-
z L-
25284677

2-

I I I I I I
1,
0 1 2 3 L 5 6
DISTANCE (mm)

Fig. 9b.

fig. 9. Decay curves {a) of the 2775 + 2528 keV transition in 41K and (b) of the 2528 + 1677 and
1677 -+ 0 keV transitions in K.
458 K. P. LIEB et al.

TABLE 2
Lifetimes of states in 41Ca and K

Nucleus State Transition Lifetime (ps), present work Lifetime (ps),

Ei EF run 1 run 2 average ref. 40) -
_I_-

Ca 5220 5220 3830 < 0.5 ) < 2.0

3830 3830 3370 4120*430 47501550
3370 0 4460&380 4400& 300 4500+ 500
3201 0 3980&400 48501460
3370 3370 0 23-c 6 32+ 5
3201 0 28& 5 28& 5 29.6Lt2.0
3915 3915 3370 X610.8 2.6&0.8 > 0.2

JK 4983 4982 4274 101* 9 108% 6 lOi& 5 140+ 20

4274 2762 115& 12 99& 6
2762 1294 84+ 9 1Oli 5
4274 4274 2762 < 10 < 10 z: 2)
2762 2762 1294 < 10 13+.
. -0.6 13Cl.l
. -0.6
2774 2774 2528 (65) 74& 8 741 8 67.8h2.0
2528 2528 1677 236-; 15 232-1 17 230+ 12 1991 10
1677 0 2315 13 223+ 13
1677 1677 0 < 50 < 50 < 50 14& 6
1294 1294 0 11500*3000 11800+1800 117001:1600 105001Jc300 V

) From a DSA analysis. ) Ref . 41) .

still lower limit ~(4274) < 2 ps (two standard de~~iations) was obtained from the
DSA analysis of the 0 spectrum.
The 2774-2528-1677-O cascade in 41K. The reaction z7A1(60, 2p) populates the
2774 keV state of this cascade with no side feeding to the lower members. One there-
fore expects the pattern of pure cascade feeding for the 2528 -+ 1677 and 1677 + 0
keV transitions as demonstrated in fig. 9. The two components correspond to
~(2774) = 74+ 8 ps and ~(2528) = 2305 12 ps. The similarity of the two decay curves
indicates that the lifetime of the 1677 keV state is considerably smaller than that of the
2528 keV state. However, as no side feeding was observed, we were only able to set
an upper limit of $1677) S 50 ps.

4. Discussion and conclusion

The ultimate aim of measuring lifetimes of nuclear states is, of course, to deduce
y-ray transition strengths which in turn allow one to test nuclear models. This is,
however, possible only in the case where the spins, parities and mixing ratios involved
in the transition are known. Unfortunately, there exist no definite spin-parity assign-
ments for the states studied in this work except for the 1294 keV Q- state in 41K
[ref. )I. [The spin-parity assignments given in our earlier work 33) are based on
the assumption J = -?- * * for the 3370 keV state lo) and have to be considered
tentative as long as this assumption has not been verified.]
 4Ca, 4K 459

The measured lifetimes do, however, impose restrictions on the highest spin values
allowed of states for which the decay occurs to a state with known spin. The limits
included in table 1 are based on the assumption that no transition strength exceeds
100 W.U. Of the spin values, 3, 5 and 3, for the 1677 keV state in 41K, which are
compatible with the P-decay of 41Ar [ref. 14)], 4 can definitely be ruled out by the
lifetime z 5 50 ps. This is in agreement with the arguments put forward by Beck-
strand and Shera 13) and Jundt et al. 14).
In spite of the scanty information on spins and mixing ratios, certain conclusions
can be drawn as to the nature of the 3370 and 3830 keV states in 41Ca, which play a
central role in the explanation of the Ca 1:vel scheme. As indicated in the introduc-
tion, these two states have been interpreted by Seth et al. ) as the J = e- and +--
members of the K = $- rotational band. The small rotational energy constant
h2/28 = 42+2 keV implies a very large deformation, and a strong enhancement
of the E2 in-band transitions. Typical numbers for such enhanced E2 strengths, ob-
tained from the calculations of Geracz and Green 4), for the neighbouring doubly
even nuclei are B(E2) = 300 e2 . fm4 for the 4+ + 2+ transition in the 4p-4h band
in 40Ca, and B(E2) = 225 e2 . fm4 for the deformed 4p-2h component of the
2+ -+ Of transition in 42Ca. One should therefore expect E2 in-band transitions with
similar strengths in 41Ca. However, the present measurement of the life-time of the
3830 keV state indicates that the strength of the alleged J$- -+ $- in-band transition
is B(E2; 3830 + 3370) < 12 e 2 . fm4 which is in contradiction to the prediction of a
deformed band. Setting an upper limit of 10 % to all unobserved branches and insert-
ing the measured lifetimes, we obtain B(E2; -_:-- + $-) < 0.04 e2 . fm4, and B(E2:
3- -+ $-) < 12 e2 * fm4.
If, on the other hand, a mixed deformed and 2p-lh band is assumed, which corre-
sponds to the case in 42Ca [ref. )I, a 3830 + 0 keV E2 transition of approximately
single particle strength is to be expected. We find, however, that this transition,
B(E2; 3830 + 0) < 2.5 x lop4 e2 * fm4, is inhibited by four orders of magnitude. We
conclude therefore that a pure or mixed band is in contradiction to the observed small
B(E2) values.
A successful interpretation of the 3370 and 3830 keV states as having predomi-
nantly 2p-lh configurations has been developed by Armigliato et al. 32). If we assume
J = v for the 3370 keV state, as suggested by Cohen et al. lo), the angular distri-
bution of the 3370 + 0 keV transition ) yields an estimate for the mixing ratio of
s(E3/M2) w 0.3 [in Yamazakis notation )I. In the 2p-lh picture, the M2 strength
of 0.14f0.03 W.U. is due to the transition of a single nucleon from the f$ to the d,
orbit. Transitions of a similar type have been identified in 3gK and 3gCa. In these
cases the lowest $- states at 2814 and 2795 keV, respectively, are thought mainly to
have a f$ (d3)-2 configuration. It has also beenshown 35) for the 2814 keV $- state
in 3 K that a small admixture of [3- @(d,)- I] arising from the weak coupling of a d,
hole to the 3- core of 40Ca, accounts for the E3 component of the 2814 + 0 keV
transition. A similar admixture of the type [3-@(f&)1 seems to be present in the wave
460 K. P. LIEB ef al.

function of the 3370 keV state in 41Ca since the E3 component of the 3370 -+ 0 keV
transition is 4.552.0 W.U. A comparison of these transitions presented in table 3a
demonstrates the similarity of their nature.
TABLE3
Comparison between the strengths of the 3.37 -+ 0 and 3.83 -+ 3.37 MeV transitions in 41Ca with
single particle transitions in neighbouring nuclei
(a) Transitions in 39K and 39Ca ).
41Ca 39K 39Ca
Transition (MeV) 3.37 + 0 2.81 +O 2.79 -+ 0
G-) + t+ t- +?I+
Mixing ratio (z;$;- -0.13f0.04 ) 0.13f0.07C)
Lifetime (ps) 28 f5 85 17 b, 90 zt20 )
[M(M2)j2 (W.U.) 0.14*0.03 0.25 10.03 0.22 + 0.05
IM(E3)jZ (W.U.) 4.5 h2.0 2.6hl.4 2.3 _C 2.0

(b) Transitions in 42Ca and 4zSc ).

41Ca %a 4?Sc
Transition (MeV) 3.83 + 3.37 3.19 -+ 2.75 1.51 -+ 0.62
($) * (A&+) 6+ -+4+ (5+) -+ 7+
Lifetime (ns) 4.4 hO.3 7.69f0.13d) 0.074,t0.011 )
jM(E2)j2 (W.U.) 1.04*0.07 0.75+0.01 2.2 *0.4

) Ref. 35). ) Refs. 36*24). ) Ref. 37). d, Ref. 38). ) Ref. 39). ) Ref. 9).

If the JZL+ assignment for the 3370 keV state is correct, then the long lifetime
z = 4.4kO.3 ns of the 3830 keV state in 41Ca, its strong population in the 27A1
(160, pn) reaction and the angular distribution of the 3830 + 3370 keV y-radiation
unambiguously determine its spin and parity to be J = -i_ [refs. 9, )I. The weak
strength of 1 W.U. for the 3830 + 3370 keV transition can be qualitatively understood
in terms of the 2p-1 h configurations of the two states. This is supported by a compari-
son with E2 single particle transitions in nuclei with A = 42. Examples of these are
the 3189 -+ 2751 keV 6+ --f 4+ transition in 42Ca and the 1511 + 618 keV 5+ --f 7+
transition in 42Sc as shown in table 3b.
The need for further measurements of the spins and parities of the levels in 41K
and 41Ca deserves to be emphasized. The results of such measurements taken to-
gether with the lifetimes would greatly enhance our understanding of the structure
of such nuclei. Upon completion of the present work we learned of a similar experi-
ment performed by Gorodetzky et al. 40). It is quite satisfying to note that our results
are in substantial agreement with theirs.

We thank Prof. Ricci for the opportunity to construct the plunger apparatus at
the Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare at Legnaro and Mr. Elio for his excellent
work. We also thank Mrs. Niilling for the target. preparation and Mr. Bohnhoff and
his crew for their help in running the acceleratoi.
 JCa , 41K 161

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