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DEFORMATION OF A BODY
DUE TO FORCE ACTING ON IT
DEFORMATION OF A BODY DUE TO
FORCE ACTING ON IT
Consider a body subjected to a tensile stress.
We know that,
Eq ating equations
Equating eq ations (2) and (3),
(3)
P/A E = L / L => L = PL/AE
Change in length L = (PL / AE ) (4)
DEFORMATION OF A BODY DUE TO
FORCE ACTING ON IT
Units
1. Stress -- N/mm2
2. Force or Pull -- N
3. Length (L) -- mm
4. Diameter (D) -- mm
5. Modulus of elasticity (E) -- N/mm2
6. Modulus of Rigidity (G) -- N/mm2
7. 1 Pascal -- 1 N/m2
1 KPa
KP = 1 * 103 Pa
P = 1 * 103 N/m
N/ 2 = 1 * 103 N/ (106 mm2) = 1 * 10-33
N/mm2
Solution:
We know that,
Stress = Load /Area = P / A = (10 * 103) / ((/4)*302)
Stress = 14.14 N/mm2
Elongation L = e
e*L
L = 0.141 mm
Stress Strain Problems
2. A rod of 2 m long is subjected to an axial pull of 30 KN. Find the
minimum diameter of the rod if the permissible stress is limited to 200 *
106 N/m2. Also determine the elongation. Take E = 200 KN/mm2.
Given:
L =2m = 2000 mm;
Axial pull,
pull P = 30 KN = 30 * 103 N;
Stress, = 200 * 106 N/m2
= 200*106 N/ (106 mm2) = 200 N/mm2
E = 200 KN/mm2
= 200 * 103 N/mm2 = 2 * 105 N/mm2
Solution:
We know that,
Stress = Load /Area = P / A
200 = (30 * 103) / ((/4)*D2)
Minimum diameter, D = 13.8 mm
Stress Strain Problems
Youngs modulus E = Stress/Strain = / e
2 * 105 = 200 / e
e = 100 * 10-5
Given:
Length, L = 1.5 m = 1500 mm;
Outer Diameter, D = 45 mm;
Inner Diameter, d = 25 mm
Load P = 20 KN = 20 * 103 N
Modulus of Elasticity E = 100 GPa = 100 * 109 Pa
= 100 * 103 N/mm2
Deformation, L = 0.271 mm
Stress Strain Problems
4. A hollow cylinder has an outside diameter of 25 cm carrying an axial
load of 2.2 * 103 KN. Find the internal diameter of the cylinder if safe
stress is 120 MN/m2.
Given:
D = 25 cm = 250 mm;
Load P = 2.2 * 103 KN = 2.2 * 106 N
= 120 MN/m2 = 120 N/mm2
Solution:
We know that,
Stress = Load /Area = P / A
120 = (2.2
(2 2 * 106) / ((/4)*(250
(( /4)*(2502 d2)
Determine
A. the Youngs modulus, = 2 x 105 N / mm2
B. the stress at elastic limit, = 353.67 N / mm2
C. the percentage elongation, = 30 %
D. the percentage decrease in area. = 43.75 %
Practice Problems
P2) The safe stress, for a hollow steel column which carries an axial load
of 2.1 * 103 kN is 125 MN/m2. If the external diameter of the column is 30
cm, determine
d t i the
th internal
i t l diameter.
di t
P3) The ultimate stress of a hollow steel column which carries an axial
load of 1.9 MN is 480 N/mm2. If the external diameter of the column is 200
mm,, determine the internal diameter corresponding
p g to the workingg limit of
the member. Take the factor of safety as 4.