Journal of Coastal and Tropical Seas Volume 1 No.

2 of 2017

CONDITION OF CORAL REEFS IN SALAWATI ISLAND KABUPATEN AMPAT

PAPUA BARAT
(Condition of Coral Reef at Salawati Island of Raja Ampat West Papua)

Bonnke P. Sagai 1 *, Kakaskasen A. Roeroe 1, Indri S. Menembu 1

1. Marine Science Study Program, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences, Sam
Ratulangi University, Manado.
* E-mail: bonnke_sagai@yahoo.com

The coral reef is a shallow marine ecosystems in the tropics, where the major
constituent element of coral, with a variety of other organisms that live in association
therein. Natural phenomena and various anthropogenic activities threaten the health and
existence of coral reefs. Data collection was done by UPT (Underwater Photo Transect)
method was done by underwater photo shoot using a shielded digital camera (housing).
Image analysis used software tools CPCe (Coral Point Count with Excel extensions).
Results of the assesment of health condition of coral reefs in the three stations at Salawati,
obtained by the average value of live coral cover by 25.30% and in medium category.
Cover each coral reefs were the following stations, Station 1 55.13% included in either
category, Station 2 15.80% included in the category of bad, and Station 3 18.20% is
included in kategoti bad.

Keywords: Coral Reefs, Condition, Under Water Photo Transect.

PRELIMINARY

Indonesia's coastal and marine community area can still be penetrated

biodiversity comes in the form of coral
reef ecosystems, mangrove ecosystems,
seagrass ecosystems, estuary
ecosystems, open ocean ecosystems.
The various ecosystems are
interconnected synergistically through
the flow of water currents and biota
migration (Dahuri, 2003).
In the tropical sea, in the neritik
area, there is a special community of
rock corals and other organisms. This
community is called coral reef. This
by sunlight so that photosynthesis can
take place (Asriani and Yuliana, 2012).
In the tropics to the subtropics
between 32o LU and 32o LS around the
earth. The latitude is the maximum limit
at which corals can still grow. Reef-
forming reefs can only grow well in
certain areas such as islands with little
to no process.
Journal of Coastal and Tropical Seas
Volume 1 No. 2 of 2017

Sedimentation or in the west of the Corals grow well in the Indo-

continent generally unaffected by the
cold currents coming from the south
pole (Suharsono, 2008).
Pacific region up to approximately 80
families. Natural factors that cause
corals can grow well in the western
Indo-Pacific. Coral distribution is not
only limited horizontally but also
limited vertically by depth factor.
Growth, closure and coral growth rate
decreases exponentially with depth. The
main factors affecting vertical
distribution are the intensity of light,
oxygen, temperature and water
brightness (Suharsono, 2008).
Raja Ampat Regency is the result
of the expansion of Sorong regency and
is one of 14 new districts in Tanah
Papua. Currently, Raja Ampat Regency
is part of West Papua Province which
consists of 4 major islands namely
Waigeo Island, Batanta, Salawati and
Misool. The total area of Raja Ampat
Islands is 46,108 km2, divided into 10
districts, 86 villages, and 4 hamlets. As
an archipelago, this area has about 610
islands, atoll and taka with 4,860 km
long coastline, with 34 uninhabited
islands. Geographically, Raja Ampat is
located at the coordinates of 2025'LU-
4025'LS and 1300-132055'BT
(Mambrisaw, et al., 2006).
The coral reef ecosystem of the
Raja Ampat Islands lies in shallow
exposure on almost all islands. In some
parts there are sand backs that also have
coral reefs around them. The reef types
found in the Raja Ampat Islands are
generally fringing reefs, with a fairly
steep slope. In addition there are also
types of reef rings (atolls) and barrier
reefs (barrier reef). The Raja Ampat
Islands have beautiful coral reefs and
are very rich in various types of fish
and molluscs. Based on the results of
the study, 537 hard corals (CI, TNC-
WWF) were recorded, 9 of which were
new and 13 endemic. This amount
represents 75% of the total corals in the
world. Also recorded 828 (CI) and 899
(TNC-WWF) reef fish species so Raja
Ampat is known to have 1,104 species
of fish consisting of 91 families
(Mambrisaw, et al., 2006).
A. Coral reefs have various important
roles, both ecologically and
economically. In Indonesia coral
reefs have enormous potential, as
follows : Coastal ecosystem
protectors: Coral reefs will resist and
collect wave energy preventing the
occurrence of abrasion and damage
around it (McAdoo et al. 2008).
B. Home for sharing species in the sea:
Coral reefs are like oases in the
desert for oceans, as many animals
and plants gather here to feed,
spawn, raise their children, and
protect. For humans, this means
coral reefs have tremendous fishery
potential, both for food sources and
for their livelihoods (Barnes and
Hughes, 1999).
C. Sources of medicines: on coral reefs
there are many chemicals that are
expected to be a cure for humans.
Currently research on these
chemicals is used to treat various
human diseases (Ghoshal and
Lakshmi, 2004).
D. Tourist attraction: a good coral reef
will attract tourists so as to provide
an alternative income for the
surrounding community (Hoegh-
Gulderberg, 1999).
E. Research area: Research will
produce important information
Journal of Coastal and Tropical Seas
Volume 1 No. 2 of 2017
And accurate as the basis for better
management. In addition, there are
 still many species of fish and marine in coral reefs that have never been
organisms and substances contained known to humans (Nababan, 2009).

Damage to coral reefs, especially in poor handling system (Dahuri, 1999).

Indonesia is increasing rapidly. Coral reefs The purpose of this research are: 1) To
that are still good condition only about assess the condition of Salawati Island
6.2%. coral reefs, 2) to prepare baseline data on
coral reef condition of Salawati Islan
This damage causes widespread stress
on natural coral reef ecosystems. The rate
of exploitation of coral reefs is still high
due to

RESEARCH METHODS Stasiun Longitude Latitude

Research sites 1. 131.13312 -0.99476
The research was conducted at Salawati 2. 131.12479 -0.92609
Island of Raja Ampat Regency. 3. 131.14466 -0.95859
Observation of coral reef condition at
Salawati Island is determined by 3 (three)
stations which can be seen in Map of
Research Station (Figure 1) and coordinate
point of research location presented in
Table 1.
Coral Reef Category
The percentage category of live coral
cover is based on the Decree of the
Minister of Environment no. 4 of 2001
Figure 1. Map of Research Station presented in Table 2.
Table 2. Coral Reef Categories
Table 1. Coordinate point

Ketegori Terumbu Karang (%)

Rusak Buruk 0-24,9
Sedang 25-44,9
Baik Baik 50-74,9
Baik 75-100
Sekali
Data Retrieval Techniques Photo Analysis

Underwater Photo Transeck (UPT) method To get quantitative data based on

is a method that utilizes technological
developments, both the development of
digital camera technology and computer
software technology. Data collection in the
field is in the form of underwater
photographs performed by shooting using
Canon G-16 camera equipped with
waterproof shield (housing) (Giyanto, et al
2014). Photographs of the shoot are then
analyzed using Coral Point Count with
Excel extensions (CPCe) software to
obtain quantitative data (Kohler and Gill,
2006).
Journal of Coastal and Tropical Seas
Volume 1 No. 2 of 2017
Data analysis
Coral reef data taken by UPT method is
underwater photography. At least 50 files
for each Station. Data needs to be handled
properly by immediately moving the files
that are still stored in the camera memory
into other storage media (external hard
drive). It is also useful for data security.
photographs that the water produced from
this UPT motede, data analysis is done on
each frame by performing random point
sample selection. This point is used by
determining the number of random points
used to analyze the photos. The number of
random points used is 30 for each frame,
and it is representative to estimate the
percentage of category and substrate cover
(Giyanto, et al. 2010). This technique is an
application of sampling, where as the
population is randomly selected points in
the photo. In this way, the data recorded
are only the biota and the substrate that are
precisely at the point position that has been
determined randomly by the CPCe
software.
Based on the photo analysis process
performed on each frame of the
photograph performed, it can be obtained
the value of the percentage of cover
category for each frame is calculated based
on the formula as follows:
tutupan kategori kategori (%) =
(titik kategori tersebut tersebut)
100
(titik acak acak)

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Condition of Coral Reefs at Station 1

The condition of coral reefs at Station 1 was in medium category with 45.03%,
38.09%, dead corals covered by algae 2.80%, soft coral 5.40%, alga 1.93%, coral fracture
3.94 % And other biota other than coral 1.40%.
Of the 45.03% live coral found 17 genera of coral including Acropora, Anacropora,
Asteopora, Echinopora, Montipora, Porites, Pavona, Fungia, Goniastrea, Paraclavarina,
Caulastrea, Cosniarea, Mycedium, Symphillia, Turbinaria, Leptoseris, Herpolitha. However,
the dominant genus is the genus Porites.

Condition of Coral Reefs at Station 2

The condition of coral reefs at Station 2 is included in the bad category of live coral
percentage of only 9.81%. In Station 2, the dominant is algae with 36.36% cover percentage,
coral fault 17.55%, dead coral 6.60%, sand 14.08%, soft coral 4.54% dead corals covered by
algae 2, 47%, while the percentage of other biota outside coral was 8.61%. At Station 2
present 8 genera of coral of which are Acropora, Asteopora, Montipora, Porites, Pavona,
Goniastrea, Turbinaria, Leptrastrea. In Station 2 this genus Acropora is more dominant with
the percentage of 31,47%, followed by Porites 27,27%, Leptrastrea 11,19%, Turbinaria and
Montipora have same presentation value 9.79% Asteopora, Pavona and Goniastrea with value
3 , 50%

Condition of Coral Reefs at Station 3

The condition of coral reefs at Station 3 is classified as bad category because corals
live in Station 3. The percentage of cover was only 11.13% followed by coral fault 67.27%,
coral dead 9.93%, soft coral 6.27%, biota other than coral 1.67%, sand cover 2.60%, algae
0.73% coral Dies covered by algae 0.27% and sponge 0.13%.
Of the 11.13% coral cover percentages present 12 genera of coral including Acropora,
Anacropora, Montipora, Porites, Pavona, Favia, Goniastrea, Turbinaria, Herpolitha,
Leptrastrea, Leptoseris, Paraclavarina. The genus Porites is a genus with a dominant
percentage of 45.1% whereas the genus with the lowest percentage is the genus Montipora
with a percentage of 0.6%.

Coral Genus Diversity Index

The coral diversity index of the genus of Stations 1 to 3 ranges from 1.8 to 1.9
indicates that the Index of diversity in all stations is in moderate criteria. In Station 1 the
value of the diversity index is 1.9. At Station 2 and Station 3 the value of the diversity index
is 1.8.

CONCLUSION

1. From 3 observation stations of coral reef condition at Salawati Island, two coral reef
condition categories are found, that is, medium and bad condition. If the condition of
coral reefs from each station shows that station 1 is in medium category, station 2 is in
bad category, and station 3 is in bad category.
2. The resulting outline is information about the condition of coral reefs in the island of
Baseline that produced is information about the condition of coral reefs in Salawati
Island coral reef condition is located between the condition of being and bad.
The diversity of coral genus on Salawati Island represented from observation in 3
stations was found the value of diversity (H ') of the station included in medium
criterion.

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