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Learning outcomes
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Some definitions
Page 17
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more
useful
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Example
An oxide of copper has the following composition by mass: Cu, 0.635 g; O; 0.080 g.
Calculate the empirical formula of the oxide.
Cu O
Ar (Cu) = 63.5
Mass (g) 0.635 0.080 Ar(O) = 16
Amount (mol) = mass = mass
Ar Ar
0.635 0.080
= =
63.5 16
= 0.0100 = 0.00500
divide by the smallest amount:
Cu: 0.0100 / 0.00500 = 2 2 Cu
Cu2O
O: 0.00500 / 0.00500 = 1 1O
Combustion analysis
all the carbon is converted to carbon dioxide and all the hydrogen
to water
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Combustion analysis
Example
- 0.500 g of an organic compound X produces 0.733 g of carbon dioxide and 0.300 g of water on
complete combustion
Ar (H) = 1
- the mass spectrum of the compound shows it has a molecular mass of 60 Ar (C) = 12
Ar(O) = 16
C2H4O2
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H C H
H (requires 1 electron)
H
compounds
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- full equation
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Concentrations of solutions
n
C =
experimental
technique
Titration
very useful in determining an
unknown concentration
the balanced equation for the reaction showing the moles of the
two reactants
the volume of the solution of the first reagent
the concentration of the solution of the first reagent
the volume of the solution of the second reagent
the concentration of the solution of the second reagent
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Titration
In the titration 20.0 cm3 of 0.200 mol dm-3 aqueous sodium hydroxide exactly neutralises a
25.0 cm3 of the sulphuric acid.
What is the concentration of the sulphuric acid solution?
V(NaOH) = 20.0 cm3 = 20.0 x 10-3 dm3 n(NaOH) = C x V = 0.200 x 20.0 x 10-3
C(NaOH) = 0.200 mol dm-3 = 4.00 x 10-3 mol
n(H2SO4) = x n(NaOH)
= x 4.00 x 10-3
V(H2SO4) = 25.0 cm3 = 25.0 x 10-3 dm3
= 2.00 x 10-3 mol
C(H2SO4) = ???
= 7.84 g dm-3
Gas volumes
In 1811, Avogadro discovered that equal volumes of all
gases contain the same number of molecules
room temperature
and pressure
occupies
1 mole of any gas V = 24.0 dm3
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Example
We need to determine:
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53=2
Homework
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