CORPORATE GOVERNANCE

Second Semester

Iram Mushtaq
MBA 1.5, Section B
Roll # 023
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Hereby listed areas belonging with assignment;

1. Public Private Limited Company

2. Public Universities
3. Private Universities

Public Private Limited Company

Common Shareholders
Public Shareholders
Institutional Shareholders
Large Block Holders

Board of Directors

CEO
Creditors
Financial Institutions
Managers
Bondholders
Employees

Government
Locals
Suppliers Customers
State
Nationals
Foreign
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Corporate Governance:
Corporate governance is the frame work and arrangement of policy, practice and dealings by
which a corporation is aimed to control system. Corporate governance is fundamentally engage
corresponding with interests of a company's many stakeholders, such as shareholders,
management, customers, suppliers, financiers, government and the community.

Common shareholder
Common share holders are the person who have companys share in sake of ownership.
Common shareholder keep the right to elect board of directors at get the priority ladder for
ownership, in case of liquidation etc.

Public Shareholders:
Institutional Investors
Institutional Investors are those who invest in organizations or a business, such as a mutual
fund, bank or insurance company, that holds shares in a company. Institutional shareholders may
issue new-fangled stock of shares and bonds, as they can another important aspect of institutional
investors are and more efficient than marginal shareholders or small shareholders.

Large Block Holders:

A block holder is the holder of a huge quantity of a company's shares and bonds, or block. In
expressions of shares, these owners are often able to authority in the company for voting
rights given with their holding.

Board of Directors:
A Board of director is a faction of individuals who are selected as representative of the
stockholders to create corporate management correlated policies and to formulate decisions on
key company issues. The purpose of board of directors' is to ensure the company's wealth by
jointly directing the company's associations, at the same time as meeting the appropriate interests
of its shareholders and stakeholders.

Chief of Executive (CEO)

A chief executive officer (CEO) is the top management member in a company, and their primary
responsibilities are taking major corporate decisions, organizing the on the whole operations and
resources of a company, and acting as the main point of communication between the board of
directors and corporate operations.

Creditors
A creditor is bodies that widen credit by giving an additional entity permission to borrow money
planned to be repaid in the future. A industry that make available supplies or services to a group
or an individual and does not require payment instantly is also measured a creditor, based on the
fact that the client be indebted the business money for services already delivered.
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Financial Institutions:

A financial institution is a business that conducts financial transactions such as investments,

loans and deposits. Banks, companies and other financial institutions involves to providing
finance facility to customer.

Bond Holders:

Bond holders are the persons who have bonds issued by the government as per the terms of
the bond, is indebted to pay them interest or to repay the principal at a later date, termed the
maturity date. Corporate bond markets have become an increasingly important source of
financing for non-financial companies.

Employees:

An individual who works in organization as part-time or full-time under a contract of

employment, whether oral or written, express or indirect, and performing his or her job
description.

Managers:

Manager is somebody who is verified, assign work and deal with his under employed staff and
work as middle management as source of communication between top management and staff.

Suppliers:

Anyone who is provides goods or services to his customer.

Customers:
Ultimate user of product is called customer. The customers as the only one of the stakeholder
groups produce profits and therefore a company should comprise customer into strategy. The
board as the governing body responsible mainly for developing and overseeing the
organizations strategy is the ideal body to address this issue.

Government/State:
Government is the means by which state policy is enforced, as well as the mechanism for
determining the policy of the state. Forms of government, or forms of state governance, refers to
the set of political systems and institutions that make up the organization of a
specific government.
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Public Universities Governance

Public university governance based on under mentioned points;

Senate
Syndicate
Board of Governance
Academic council
Board of Advanced studies and research
Board of faculties
Board of studies and course selection
Finance and planning committee
Selection board
Governing committee

Senate:

An academic senate is a governing body in public universities and colleges, and is typically the
supreme academic authority for the institution

Syndicates

The syndicate is the executive body of the University and exercises general supervision over the
affairs and management of the University

Private Universities Governance

Private universities governance based on under mentioned points; except two heads same
governing bodies working in private sector due to ownership difference.

Board of Governance
Academic council
Board of Advanced studies and research
Board of faculties
Board of studies and course selection
Finance and planning committee
Selection board
Governing committee
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Board of governors:

Board of Governors consist of of seven members of the Federal Reserve System are designated
by the leader and confirmed by the Senate. The Board of Governors is made up of stirring and
high-achieving individuals from the world of business, media, trade and industry, academic
research, and from crosswise all backgrounds and ages. They play a important role in the success
of private Universities.

Academic councils
The Academic Council is the academic body of the University and has the power to lay down
proper actions for instructions, research and examination and to control and encourage the
academic life of the University ingredient colleges and Affiliated Colleges.

Board of advanced studies and Research:

Board of Advanced Studies and Research (BASR) reviews the research process, helps the
researchers in adopting research led-knowledge and expand the potential impact of research.
The Advanced Studies and Research Board advise the authorities on all matters concerning
promotion of advanced studies, publications and research in the University. The board considers
and reports to the authorities on the institution of research degrees in the University.

Board of faculties:
Faculty Boards are statutorily responsible to the General Board, via its Education Committee, for
make sure that teaching within the faculty is proper and of a high standard. Faculty Boards
receive information, advice and recommendations from University-level bodies and from various
subcommittees set up to meet the academic culture of the faculty in question. The names of these
subcommittees and their constitutions vary considerably, though their activities address the
general prospect for knowledge and teaching quality declaration set down by the University

Board of studies:
The Board of Studies, Teaching is responsible for school curriculum, assessment, and teaching
and regulatory standards in universities.

Finance and Planning Committee:

The Finance and Planning Committee consider the annual statement of accounts and the annual
and revised budget estimates of University and its constituent units and place the budget before
the Board of Governors for approval.
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Selection Board
The Selection Board considered the applications of eligible candidates for teaching and direct
appointments and after interviewing the candidates with the help of experts recommends to
Board of Governors the names of suitable candidates for appointment to such posts

Governing Committee:
The Governing Committee formulates policy and supervises the management of the affairs of the
Universities.