Mathematically modelling of

Optical Spectra in wavelength,

frequency and temporal domain
 Chromatic Dispersion
Chromatic dispersion is a phenomenon wherein the phase
velocity of a pulse traveling through an optical medium
depends on frequency

Normal Dispersion (k> 0): Anomalous Dispersion (k< 0):

vblue < vred vred < vblue

Chromatic Dispersion causes pulses to broaden in the time domain

 Group Delay Dispersion
Chromatic Dispersion is defined by the following Taylor
expansion series :

Second-order Third-order
Dispersion Dispersion

GDD indicates the second order dispersion and can be

mathematically described as:
Tg 2 2 c
D2 ( ) = = and D2 ( ) = 2 Dtot
2

 The Purpose
Main Goal: to build a lock-in spectrometer
Broaden pulse to make it easier to probe different wavelengths

The experiment:

2 km fiber
What I am doing:
Mathematically model the effect on the spectra in the
wavelength, frequency, and time domain
 An Overview

Wavelength Frequency Time

Before 2 km Data
Fibre

After 2 km Fibre Data

(stretched)
 An Overview

Wavelength Frequency Time

Before 2 km Data
Fibre

After 2 km Fibre Data

(stretched)
 An Overview

Wavelength Frequency Time

Before 2 km Data
Fibre

After 2 km Fibre Data

(stretched)
 Model 1: Overview

Wavelength Frequency Time

Before 2 km Data
Fibre

After 2 km Fibre Data

(stretched)
 Model 1: Method
Measured Optical Spectrum Conversion to Angular Frequency

2 v
=

Conversion to Power

taking the
square
Electric Field

root
inverse
FFT
 Checking inverse FFT
Cosine Gaussian

Intensity
Intensity

Frequency Frequency

inverse FFT inverse FFT

Intensity

Intensity

Time Time
 Model 1: Method continuation
Angular Frequency Spectrum Converted Time Spectrum
Electric Field

Electric Field
inverse
FFT

Converted Intensity Time Spectrum

squaring
value for
Power
 Model 1: Comparing with other sources

0.441
(central wavelength)2
Spectral width[FWHM] = constant*
pulse duration * c
central wavelength = 1064 nm
c = 3x108 ms-1
pulse duration = 0.256 ps

Spectral width [FWHM] = 6.50 nm

Wavelength Spectrum with Gaussian Approximation

Spectral width [FWHM] 6.90 nm

Gunter Toesko and Christian Dehnert, Laser Focus World, pg 37-38 (March,2016)
 Model 2: Overview

Wavelength Frequency Time

Before 2 km
Fibre Data

(unstretched)

After 2 km Fibre Data

(stretched)
 Model 2: Method
Wavelength Spectrum with Gaussian Approximations Time Spectrum with Gaussian Approximation

= D x L x
Approximate from
D = -38 ps/nm/km L = 2 km experimental data =
1 = 6.90 nm 1511.42 ps
= 524.4 ps
2 = 23.578 nm
= 1791.928 ps High Uncertainty
3 = 43.56 nm
= 3310.56 ps
Electronics Letters, Vol 35, No.19, pp 1662 (1999)
 Model 2: Method continuation

Calculated Time Spectrum from Mathematical Model

d
2 = GDD =
d

=
4492.464 ps

Govind P. Agarwal, Nonlinear Fiber Optics, Fourth Edition.

 Model 3: Overview

Wavelength Frequency Time

Before 2 km Data
Fibre

After 2 km Fibre Data

(stretched)
 Model 3: Method
Stretched Time Spectrum
account (t)

Phase- shifted Stretched Time Spectrum

Apply forward FFT

Frequency Spectrum

Wavelength Spectrum
Test Case

inverse
FFT