Exercise 1: Cell Transport Mechanisms and Permeability: Activity 1: Simulating Dialysis (Simple Diffusion) Lab Report

Pre-lab Quiz Results

You scored 100% by answering 4 out of 4 questions correctly.

1. The driving force for diffusion is

You correctly answered: b. the kinetic energy of the molecules in motion.

2. In diffusion, molecules move

You correctly answered: a. from high concentration to low concentration.

3. Which of the following dialysis membranes has the largest pore size?
You correctly answered: d. 200 MWCO

4. Avogadro's number is a constant for the number of

You correctly answered: b. molecules.

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Experiment Results
Predict Question:
Predict Question 1: The molecular weight of urea is 60.07. Do you think urea will diffuse through the 20 MWCO membrane?
Your answer : c. No, not at all.

Predict Question 2: Recall that glucose is a monosaccharide, albumin is a protein with 607 amino acids, and the average
molecular weight of a single amino acid is 135 g/mole.

Which of the following will be able to diffuse through the 200 MWCO membrane?
Your answer : c. glucose only

Stop & Think Questions:

The reason sodium chloride didn't diffuse left to right is that
You correctly answered: c. the membrane pore size was too small.

Glucose is a six-carbon sugar. Albumin is a protein with 607 amino acids. The average molecular weight of a single amino
acid is 135 g/mole. There is no reason to run these solutes at the 20 MWCO because
You correctly answered: d. glucose and albumin are both too large to pass.

The rate of diffusion for urea

You correctly answered: b. is slower than that for sodium because urea is a larger molecule.

Experiment Data:

Solute MWCO Solute Concentration Average Diffusion Rate

Na+ Cl- 20 9.00 0.0000
Urea 20 9.00 0.0000
Na+ Cl- 50 9.00 0.0150
Na+ Cl- 50 18.00 0.0300
Na+ Cl- 100 9.00 0.0150
Urea 100 9.00 0.0094
Glucose 200 9.00 0.0040
Albumin 200 9.00 0.0000

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Post-lab Quiz Results
You scored 100% by answering 4 out of 4 questions correctly.

1. The effect of increasing the concentration of sodium chloride from 9 mM to 18 mM in the left beaker was to
You correctly answered: b. increase the rate of diffusion.

2. Describe the difference between the rate of diffusion seen for sodium and urea.
You correctly answered: c. Urea diffused more slowly because it is larger than sodium.

3. Which of the following solutes did not pass through any of the membranes?
You correctly answered: b. albumin

4. When diffusion stops, we say the solution has reached

You correctly answered: a. equilibrium.

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Review Sheet Results
1. Describe two variables that affect the rate of diffusion.
Your answer:
1.- la membrana del proceso de dialisis
2.- peso molecular de cada molecula

2. Why do you think the urea was not able to diffuse through the 20 MWCO membrane? How well did the results compare
with your prediction?
Your answer:
Porque la urea tiene un peso molecular de 60.07, la membrana de 20 MWCO posee un limite de peso molecular bajo para
que la urea se difunda a traves de ella..

3. Describe the results of the attempts to diffuse glucose and albumin through the 200 MWCO membrane. How well did the
results compare with your prediction?
Your answer:
Solamente la glucosa por su peso molecular que es muy inferior a la albumina , ya que la tasa de difusion de la glucosa con
la membrana de 20MWCO es de 0.0040 y el de la albumina es de 0.00, esto tambien se debe a los limites de la membrana
de 20MWCO, que solo deja difundir a la glucosa a 9mM.

4. Put the following in order from smallest to largest molecular weight: glucose, sodium chloride, albumin, and urea.
Your answer:
De menor a mayor peso molecular:

1.- sodium chloride

2.- urea
3.- glucose
4.- albumin

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Exercise 1: Cell Transport Mechanisms and Permeability: Activity 2: Simulated Facilitated Diffusion Lab Report

Pre-lab Quiz Results

You scored 100% by answering 4 out of 4 questions correctly.

1. Molecules need a carrier protein to help them move across a membrane because
You correctly answered: d. they are lipid insoluble or they are too large.

2. Which of the following is true of facilitated diffusion?

You correctly answered: c. Movement is passive and down a concentration gradient.

3. Examples of solutes that might require facilitated diffusion include

You correctly answered: d. all of the above.

4. Which of the following would not affect the rate of facilitated diffusion?
You correctly answered: a. the amount of intracellular ATP

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Experiment Results
Predict Question:
Predict Question 1: What effect do you think increasing the number of protein carriers will have on the glucose transport
rate?
Your answer : b. The glucose transport rate will increase.

Predict Question 2: What effect do you think adding Na+ Cl- will have on the glucose transport rate?
Your answer : b. The glucose transport rate will decrease.

Stop & Think Questions:

What happened to the glucose transport rate when the glucose concentration was increased from 2 mM to
8 mM?
You correctly answered: a. The glucose transport rate increased.

Describe the conditions that resulted in the fastest rate of glucose transport.
Your answer : c. 700 glucose carrier proteins and 2 mM glucose
Correct answer: d. 700 glucose carrier proteins and 8 mM glucose

Why do you think equilibrium wasn't reached?

You correctly answered: b. The membrane proteins were saturated.

Experiment Data:

Run Number Solute Start Conc. L Start Conc. R Carriers Rate

1 Glucose 2.00 0.00 500 0.0008
2 Glucose 8.00 0.00 500 0.0023
3 Glucose 2.00 0.00 700 0.0010
4 Glucose 8.00 0.00 700 0.0031
5 Glucose 10.00 0.00 100 0.0017#
6 Na+ Cl- 0.00 2.00 700 0.0042
6 Glucose 2.00 0.00 700 0.0010

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Post-lab Quiz Results
You scored 100% by answering 4 out of 4 questions correctly.

1. What variable(s) increased the rate of facilitated diffusion of glucose?

You correctly answered: d. both a and b

2. For facilitated diffusion, increasing the concentration of glucose on one side of the membrane is the same as
You correctly answered: b. making the concentration gradient steeper

3. When all of the membrane carriers are engaged, or busy, we say they are
You correctly answered: a. saturated.

4. Na+ Cl- had no effect on glucose transport because

You correctly answered: b. sodium is not required for glucose transport in the simulation.

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Review Sheet Results
1. Explain one way in which facilitated diffusion is the same as simple diffusion and one way in which it is different from
simple diffusion.
Your answer:
Tanto los 2 son de difusion pasiva, que son de gradiente de alta concentracion a una gradiente de baja concentracion, la
difusion facilitada se diferencia de la simple porque requiere de una proteina portadora para pasar la membrana.

2. The larger value obtained when more glucose carriers were present corresponds to an increase in the rate of glucose
transport. Explain why the rate increased. How well did the results compare with your prediction?
Your answer:
La tasa de glucosa aumento debido a que hay mas espacio y el area superficial aumenta en relacion con la glucosa.

3. Explain your prediction for the effect Na+ Cl- might have on glucose transport. In other words, explain why you picked
the choice that you did. How well did the results compare with your prediction?
Your answer:
el cloruro de sodio cumple la misma funcion que las proteinas, por eso incrementa la difusion

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Exercise 1: Cell Transport Mechanisms and Permeability: Activity 3: Simulating Osmotic Pressure Lab Report

Pre-lab Quiz Results

You scored 100% by answering 4 out of 4 questions correctly.

1. Which of the following is true of osmosis?

You correctly answered: c. It is a type of diffusion.

2. Which of the following occurs when a hypertonic solution is added to cells?

You correctly answered: d. The cells shrink.

3. The variable that affects osmotic pressure is

You correctly answered: a. the concentration of nondiffusing solutes.

4. The net movement of water would be into the cell in a

You correctly answered: b. hypotonic solution.

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Experiment Results
Predict Question:
Predict Question 1: What effect do you think increasing the Na+ Cl- concentration will have?
Your answer : a. increased pressure

Predict Question 2: What do you think will be the pressure result of the current experimental conditions?
Your answer : c. pressure above the left beaker

Stop & Think Questions:

Why do you think there is no pressure change?
Your answer : a. Sodium is too small to generate pressure.
Correct answer: b. Sodium is able to diffuse through the pores.

Why do you think there was no pressure change?

Your answer : a. The solutes were able to diffuse through the pores.
Correct answer: c. There is no net movement of water because the solute concentrations are the same.

Experiment Data:

Run Number Solute MWCO Start Conc. L Pres. L Start Conc. R Pres. R Rate
1 Na+ Cl- 20 5.00 170 0.00 0 0.0000
2 Na+ Cl- 20 10.00 340 0.00 0 0.0000
3 Na+ Cl- 50 10.00 0 0.00 0 0.0167
4 Glucose 100 8.00 136 0.00 0 0.0000
5 Glucose 100 8.00 0 8.00 0 0.0000
6 Glucose 200 8.00 0 0.00 0 0.0036
7 Albumin 200 9.00 153 0.00 0 0.0000
Glucose 200 0.00 153 10.00 0 0.0044

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Post-lab Quiz Results
You scored 100% by answering 4 out of 4 questions correctly.

1. If you double the concentration of a nondiffusible solute that is on one side of a membrane, the osmotic pressure will
You correctly answered: c. double.

2. Which membrane did not allow Na+ Cl- to pass through?

You correctly answered: a. 20 MWCO

3. When a solute is able to diffuse through a membrane

You correctly answered: b. equilibrium is reached.

4. Water diffuses
You correctly answered: c. toward solutes.

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Review Sheet Results
1. Explain the effect that increasing the Na+ Cl- concentration had on osmotic pressure and why it has this effect. How well
did the results compare with your prediction?
Your answer:
Aumentar el NaCl aumento la presion osmotica dentro de los recipientes. Es porque el agua necesita difundir al gradiente
de concentracion mas alto.

2. Describe one way in which osmosis is similar to simple diffusion and one way in which it is different.
Your answer:
la osmosis es similar porque es un proceso pasivo. La osmosis es diferente de la difusion simple porque los iones y las
moleculas se transportan a travez de la membrana.

3. Solutes are sometimes measured in milliosmoles. Explain the statement, Water chases milliosmoles.
Your answer:
A medida que aumenta la concentracion de soluto, disminuye la concentracion de agua.

4. The conditions were 9 mM albumin in the left beaker and 10 mM glucose in the right beaker with the 200 MWCO
membrane in place. Explain the results. How well did the results compare with your prediction?
Your answer:
La glucosa de 10mM fue capaz de difundir pero la albumina 9mM no. Permanecio en el vaso izquierdo

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Exercise 1: Cell Transport Mechanisms and Permeability: Activity 4: Simulating Filtration Lab Report

Pre-lab Quiz Results

You scored 100% by answering 4 out of 4 questions correctly.

1. Filtration is a process that

You correctly answered: c. is passive.

2. Filtration is dependent upon a

You correctly answered: b. hydrostatic pressure gradient.

3. The filtrate
You correctly answered: d. All of these answers are correct.

4. An important place that filtration takes place in the body is in

You correctly answered: d. the kidneys.

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Experiment Results
Predict Question:
Predict Question 1: What effect will increasing the pore size of the filter have on the filtration rate?
Your answer : c. The filtration rate will increase.

Predict Question 2: What will happen if you increase the pressure above the beaker (the driving pressure)?
Your answer : a. The filtration rate will increase.

Stop & Think Questions:

The reason none of the solutes were present in the filtrate was that
You correctly answered: b. the solutes were all too large to pass through.

What does an increase in the driving pressure correspond to in the body?

Your answer : a. an increase in heart rate
Correct answer: d. an increase in blood pressure

Experiment Data:

Run Number Solute MWCO Pressure Filter Rate Residue Start Conc. Filter Conc.
1 Na+ Cl- 20 50 1.00 present 5.00 0.00
1 Urea 20 50 1.00 present 5.00 0.00
1 Glucose 20 50 1.00 present 5.00 0.00
1 Powdered Charcoal 20 50 1.00 present 5.00 0.00
2 Na+ Cl- 50 50 2.50 present 5.00 4.81
2 Urea 50 50 2.50 present 5.00 0.00
2 Glucose 50 50 2.50 present 5.00 0.00
2 Powdered Charcoal 50 50 2.50 present 5.00 0.00
3 Na+ Cl- 200 50 10.00 present 5.00 4.81
3 Urea 200 50 10.00 present 5.00 4.74
3 Glucose 200 50 10.00 present 5.00 4.34
3 Powdered Charcoal 200 50 10.00 present 5.00 0.00
4 Na+ Cl- 200 100 20.00 present 5.00 4.81
4 Urea 200 100 20.00 present 5.00 4.74
4 Glucose 200 100 20.00 present 5.00 4.34
4 Powdered Charcoal 200 100 20.00 present 5.00 0.00

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Post-lab Quiz Results
You scored 100% by answering 4 out of 4 questions correctly.

1. After filtration, substances that pass through the filter are called the filtrate, which includes
You correctly answered: d. all of the above.

2. The top beaker in the simulation corresponds to

You correctly answered: a. the blood capillary.

3. Why was there not 100% recovery of the Na+ Cl- solute with any of the membranes?
You correctly answered: c. Some of the solute remained on the membrane filter.

4. An increase in blood pressure would probably initially __________ filtration in the kidneys.
You correctly answered: b. increase the rate of

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Review Sheet Results
1. Explain in your own words why increasing the pore size increased the filtration rate. Use an analogy to support your
statement. How well did the results compare with your prediction?
Your answer:
Increasing the pore size should proportionally increase
the filtration rate.

2. Which solute did not appear in the filtrate using any of the membranes? Explain why.
Your answer:
The powdered charcoal did not
appear in the filtrate because it was too large to go through.

3. Why did increasing the pressure increase the filtration rate but not the concentration of solutes? How well did the results
compare with your prediction?
Your answer:
Aumentar la presin aumenta la velocidad de filtracin, ya que las molculas son capaces de atravesar ms rpido. Sin
embargo, s no aumenta la concentracin de solutos que pasa a travs de la membrana.

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Exercise 1: Cell Transport Mechanisms and Permeability: Activity 5: Simulating Active Transport Lab Report

Pre-lab Quiz Results

You scored 100% by answering 4 out of 4 questions correctly.

1. The movement of sodium and potassium maintained by the Na+ -K+ pump
You correctly answered: e. requires energy and is against a concentration gradient.

2. The sodium-potassium pump is classified as a(n)

You correctly answered: a. antiporter.

3. The sodium-potassium pump moves _____ sodium ions and _____ potassium ions simultaneously.
You correctly answered: b. 3, 2

4. Solutes that require active transport for movement might be too large to pass or might be
You correctly answered: a. lipid insoluble.

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Experiment Results
Predict Question:
Predict Question 1: What do you think will result from these experimental conditions?
Your answer : a. Na+ will be maximally transported.

Predict Question 2: Do you think the addition of glucose carriers will affect the transport of sodium or potassium?
Your answer : d. No, it will not affect the transport of either ion.

Stop & Think Questions:

Why did the sodium transport stop before the transport was completed?
Your answer : b. The potassium was depleted.
Correct answer: c. The ATP was depleted.

Why was the equilibrium for the solutes reached earlier?

You correctly answered: c. There were more pumps for transport.

Experiment Data:

Run Number Solute ATP Start Conc. L Start Conc. Pumps Carriers Rate
R
1 Na+ Cl- 1.00 9.00 0.00 500 --- 0.0270
1 K+ Cl- 1.00 0.00 6.00 500 --- 0.0180
2 Na+ Cl- 3.00 9.00 0.00 500 --- 0.0000
2 K+ Cl- 3.00 0.00 6.00 500 --- 0.0000
3 Na+ Cl- 3.00 9.00 0.00 500 --- 0.0000
4 Na+ Cl- 3.00 9.00 0.00 800 --- 0.0083
4 K+ Cl- 3.00 0.00 6.00 800 --- 0.0056
5 Na+ Cl- 3.00 9.00 0.00 500 --- 0.0083
5 K+ Cl- 3.00 0.00 6.00 800 --- 0.0056
5 Glucose --- 0.00 10.00 --- 400 0.0046#

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Post-lab Quiz Results
You scored 100% by answering 4 out of 4 questions correctly.

1. What happened when you increased the amount of ATP dispensed with the same concentration of sodium and
potassium on either side of the membrane?
You correctly answered: b. More ions were transported.

2. At what concentration of ATP were the sodium and potassium maximally transported?
You correctly answered: d. 3 mM ATP

3. What was the effect of adding more Na+ -K+ pumps to the simulated cell?
You correctly answered: a. Transport of the ions was faster.

4. Describe the effect of adding glucose carriers to the sodium and potassium transport.
You correctly answered: c. There was no change in the transport rate because glucose is transported independently.

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Review Sheet Results
1. Describe the significance of using 9 mM sodium chloride inside the cell and 6 mM potassium chloride outside the cell,
instead of other concentration ratios.
Your answer:

La concentracin de los iones es significativa porque el sodio y el potasio son transportados en una relacin de tres a dos,
respectivamente, por la bomba

2. Explain why there was no sodium transport even though ATP was present. How well did the results compare with your
prediction?
Your answer:
Sodio y potasio son necesarios para mover estos iones con la bomba. Si uno est ausente, el movimiento no ocurrir.

3. Explain why the addition of glucose carriers had no effect on sodium or potassium transport. How well did the results
compare with your prediction?
Your answer:
Los iones Na + K + se transportan activamente a travs de la bomba Na + K + contra su gradiente de concentracin. Por lo
tanto, los transportistas adicionales no tienen
sobre el transporte.

4. Do you think glucose is being actively transported or transported by facilitated diffusion in this experiment? Explain your
answer.
Your answer:
La glucosa se est transportando pasivamente por el gradiente de concentracin por difusin facilitada porque no haba
ATP.
Podemos suponer que los portadores de glucosa estaban presentes para ayudar en el transporte de molculas de glucosa
a travs de la membrana.

09/03/17 page 4