Philippine Athletes Village

P.A.
V
Philippine Athletes Village
A Thesis Proposal Submitted to the

College of Architecture
University of Santo Tomas
In Partial Fulfillment
of the Requirements
for the Degree of
Bachelor of Science in Architecture
ALCAUSIN, FRANCIS CHRISTIAN R.
5AR-4
September 2017
P.A.V: Philippine Athletes Village 1
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Chapter I INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background and Nature of the Project 5
1.2 Statement of the Problem 7
1.3 Significance of the Project 10
1.4 Project Goal & Objectives 12
1.5 Project Scope & Limitations 13
1.6 Definition of Terms & Acronyms 15
Chapter II- REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
2.1 The Sociology of Sport. Is sport a religion? 19
2.2 Race and Sport 20
2.3 Sport and Gender 22
2.4 Homosexuality in sports 23
2.5 Sport, Culture and the Public 24
2.6 Youth and Sports 25
2.7 Timelessness of Sport 26
2.8 Functional Training and how it works 27
2.9 The potential role for sport and physical activity in disabilities 28
2.10 Sport Psychology 29
Chapter III- RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
3.1 Research Design 33
3.2 Research Methods 3
Chapter IV- SITE PROFILE AND ANALYSIS

4.1 Site Criteria 36
4.2 Site Data 37
4.2.1 Site A: Tagaytay Highlands 37
4.2.2 Site B: New Clark Green City 46
4.3 Site Selection and Justification 60
Bibliography 61
List of Figures and Tables
1.1: Background of the Study
Table 1. The Philippine Olympic Medal Table 7
Table 2. The Philippine Asian Games Medal Table 7
4.2.1: Tagaytay Highlands
Figure 1. Tagaytay Highlands Map 37
Table 1. Slope Type Table 39
Figure 2. Site Slope Map 40
Figure 3. Tagaytay Base Map 41
Figure 4. Land Protection Areas 43
Table 1. Tagaytay Language Table 44
4.2.2 New Clark Green City
Figure 1. Soil Map or Tarlac 49
Figure 2. Topography Map of Tarlac 50
Figure 3. Geohazard Map of Tarlac 51
Table 1. Permanent Commercial Crops 56
Table 2. Planted Crop Production Table 57
Table 3 SWOT Table 59
Table 4 Site Selection Table 60

CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION
i. Introduction
The Olympic Games or simply The Games is an international sports festival. The
Games originated as a way for the ancient Greeks to salute their gods, but the modern Games
salute the athletic talents of citizens of all nations. It has become the pride of nations to
participate and win in the events and the Games have been the penultimate standard of a nations
caliber in a sport. The Olympic Games consist of both summer and winter events. The Summer
Games are scheduled every four years, while the Winter Games take place two years after the
Summer games, also in four-year intervals. Standard events in the Summer Games include
basketball, boxing, gymnastics, soccer, swimming, track and field, and many other sports.
Winter Game highlights include ice hockey, figure skating, skiing, and bobsledding. The
Paralympics established by the International Paralympic Committee (IPC) is a branch of the
Olympic games that involve athletes of various disabilities and runs parallel to the Olympic
Games time tables.
The International Olympic Committee (IOC) has laid the groundwork for the
participating nations and imparts a mission they set out to do: celebrate the athletes of all
nations through fair competition among the best from around the world. (IOC,2015) Recent
advances in sport coverage has garnered the Olympics many viewers around the world,
numbering in the millions. With over 13,00 athletes in 33 different sports in nearly 400 events,
The Games have grown so much that nearly every nation is represented and had its own share
of controversies, boycotts, etc. The Philippines participation in The Games is well celebrated
through its history. With 10 medals under its belt, Philippine athletes receive plenty of
motivation and support from their compatriots, but can also find inspiration in the medals won
by the Philippines. The Philippine Olympic Committee (POC) was established to further
strengthen the Philippine Olympic scene and to improve its standing in the world rankings,
which currently sits at 101st. The POC aims to impart a message as stated in its Preamble:
We, undertake, in accordance with our mission and role at national level, to
participate in actions to promote peace and to promote women in sport. We also
undertake to support and encourage the promotion of sports ethics, to fight against
doping and to demonstrate a responsible concern for environmental issues.
(Philippine Olympic Committee, 2015)

1.1 Background and Nature of the Project
Scientific research has concluded that it takes a minimum of 10 years and 10,000 hours
of training for a talented athlete to reach elite levels. For athlete and coach, this translates into
slightly more than 3 hours of training or competition daily over 10 years.(MacNoughton,2012)
Orienteering is a late specialization sport and the international elite typically achieve their best
results only after 10 15 years of training and competition Thus, athlete development is not
static. It responds and reacts to scientific and sport specific innovations and is subject to
continuous research in all aspects. As an evolving vehicle for change, it reflects all emerging
facets of physical education, sport, community recreation, and life-long physical activity to
ensure systematic and logical delivery of programs to all ages.
Athlete development promotes ongoing education to athlete and recreation
administrators, coaches, sport scientists, parents, and educators about the interlocking
relationship between physical education, community recreation, life-long physical activity, and
high-performance sport. Sports can be classified as either early or late specialization. Early
specialization sports include artistic and acrobatic sports such as gymnastics, diving, and figure
skating. These differ from late specialization sports in that very complex skills are learned
before maturation, since they cannot be fully mastered if taught after maturation.
(MacNoughton,2012)
Physical activity is essential for healthy citizen development. Among its other benefits,
physical activity enhances development of brain function, coordination, social skills, gross
motor skills, emotional health, leadership, and imagination. Helps people build confidence and
positive self-esteem. It helps build strong bones and muscles, improves flexibility, develops
good posture and balance, improves fitness, reduces stress, and improves sleep, promotes
healthy weight, helps people learn to move skillfully and to enjoy being active. Physical
activity should be a routine part of the daily life, and not something that is enforced or required.
Organized physical activity and active play are particularly important for the healthy
development of people with a disability, if they are to acquire habits of lifelong activity and
have positive outlook in life. A specific and well-planned training, competition and recovery
regime will ensure optimum development throughout an athletes career. Ultimately success
comes from training and performing well over the long-term rather than winning in the short
term. There is no short cut to success in athletic preparation. Rushing competition will always
result in shortcomings in physical, technical, tactical and mental abilities.
(MacNoughton,2012) This long-term athlete development mainly focuses on five different
stages in an athletes career.
Athlete development in the Philippines is growing, with various training programs such
as the Gilas Pilipinas Program and the Philippine Olympic Committee (POC) Training
Program, the ground work has been laid for future organizations to improve upon or add to the
existing programs the country has for athletic development. The Philippine Sports Commission
(PSC) challenges the Philippines' Local Government Units (LGUs) to produce worlds class
athletes and champions:
The challenge is to find hidden gems and develop them into world-class
athletes,
-(Kiram,2017)
1.2 Statement of the Problem
Philippine sports is a mess (Coseteng, 2013). Before the Philippines recent medalist
Hidilyn Diaz bagging silver in the womens division of weightlifting during the last Olympic
Games at Rio de Janiero in Brazil, the Philippines had a podium finish drought for 20 years with
Mansueto Onyok Velasco winning the silver medal in boxing in Atlanta in the United States
(US) being the last.
Although the Philippines boasts a large population pool to grow and culture pedigree
athletes, The Philippines performance in the games seem paltry and poor in comparison to its
neighboring countries. In the 2000 Olympics in Sydney, Australia, the Philippines had 20
competitors in nine disciplines but failed to win a single medal. Filipinos also did not get a single
medal in succeeding games in 2004 in Athens, Greece with 16 athletes in six sports, in 2008 in
Beijing, China with 15 athletes in eight sports, and in 2012 in London, England with 11 athletes in
eight sports.
Table 1. The Philippine Olympic Medal Table Table 2. The Philippine Asian Games Medal Table
Comparing the Philippine Medal Tables in the Olympics and Asian Games (Table
1 & 2, respectively). It is obvious how the Philippines compares to Asia and the rest of the
world.
According to former senator Nikki Coseteng, such poor showing was a result of
lack of foreign exposures and inadequate training because of insufficient budget
compounded by the long-time bickering of sports officials. I think it is messy because our
structures for the development of Philippine sports are very weak, in some areas invisible,
in some areas underdeveloped and in some other areas, very well supported, in other fields
almost, even totally unavailable. Thats one of the reasons why its messy, (Coseteng,
2013).
Lack of government support
The Philippine government lacks support and vision to create a strong and well-
funded sports development program as a part of a long-term goal towards sport excellence
in the future. It is stressed that there is a need for development and improvement in the
collaboration of the various sectors of the government pertaining to sports and even
departments such as the Dept. of Education (DepEd) and the Commission on Higher
Education (CHEd) as well as the Dept. of Labor and Employment (DOLE) to properly
facilitate the Palarong Pambansa (National Games) often held in rural areas in the
Philippines. Additionally, the Philippines lacks a government department solely dedicated
to sports, showing the government's lack of focus towards the athletics sector.
Lack of Facilities
The Philippines lacks proper sports facilities, stadiums, and athlete and coach
quarters. Existing facilities most often cater to the rich and paying citizens creating a
barrier/divide and making it inaccessible and out of reach to the poorer population to
which most of the Philippines athletes come from. Apart from the run-down facilities of
the Rizal Memorial Sports Complex and athlete settlements in Cogeo, Montalban, the
Philippines lacks accessible facilities for its citizens.
In 2010, The Philippine Sports Commision (PSC) envisioned to create a training
center to create a training center for some 600 members of the national pool in the
sprawling government-owned lot at the Clark Development Zone in Angeles City as the
10-hectare Rizal Memorial Sports Complex is already congested and is not suitable for
the training of the athletes. Budgetary constraints remain the main problem in making
such plan a reality
The government must pour in a huge chunk of its resources for this undertaking. It
includes the training of athletes as well as sending them to various overseas stints for
exposures. But then, there is still the equally important grassroots program. The PSC has
already revived the Philippine National Games, Batang Pinoy and other sporting events to
discover fresh talents. But the obvious lack of proper facilities proves to be the biggest
obstacle.
1.3 . Significance of the Problem
The Philippines is currently at the brink of being a global powerhouse in sports. With the PSC
and POC laying the groundwork for athletic program development, and private organizations and
professional clubs starting to collaborate with LGUs, a need for a centralized and gentrified complex
for athlete and sport development is in place. The provision of such facility will help the Philippines
create a symbol for national pride and sport dominance. The project will show the Philippines' strength
and advantages against all countries in the world. Also, the project will be a way to popularize sports
and promote clean and healthy living in the Philippines When the aim of the study succeeds, it can help
our country raise its pride and make its people proud to be Filipinos and tourism would also benefit. As
the project develops, local and foreign citizens will be exposed and educated to the local athlete
development and sports scene.
The idea is to create a model for sport facility and athlete training centers in the Philippines that
would encourage clean and healthy living and encourage people of all ages and backgrounds to take up
or improve upon a sport and encourage them to represent the Philippines as national team members.
Provision of housing spaces along with training facilities will help those from the remote parts of the
country and those from overseas to settle in the development rendering them capable of living in
comfort and be in their natural environment. The development will be beneficial to both athletes and
coach personnel as a centralized sport training facility will provide comfort focus to their development
to help discover and develop/ maximize their potentials in a clean, proper and safe environment.
1.3.1. Sustainable Development Goals
#3. Good Health and Well-Being
Filipinos live in the most advanced age of science and medicine; yet preventable
disease, untreated drug & alcohol abuse, preventable birth defects, and avoidable traffic &
industrial accidents still kill millions of people each year. Where a person lives or how much
money he/she has should never keep him/her from receiving the medical attention he/she needs.
Every person, child or adult, should be able to get the resources they need to live a long and
healthy life.
#5. Gender Equality /10. Reduced Inequalities (Discrimination in sports)
Gender inequalities are still deeply rooted in every society. Many women still lack
access to employment opportunities, basic education, and healthcare, and they're often
subjected to violence and discrimination\
A truly developed world cannot exist without equal opportunities for both countries and
their citizens. Equality is at the core of all the sustainable development goals. Together we can
empower and promote the social, economic and political inclusion of all people irrespective of
age, sex, disability, race, ethnicity, origin, religion, economic or other status.
#11. Sustainable Cities and Communities
By 2030, almost 60% of the world's population will live in urban areas, and most of
that urban expansion will be in the developing world. Rapid urbanization puts pressure on
supplies of fresh water, sewage systems, the living environment and public health. A
sustainable city must embrace the rapid change ang adapt accordingly to benefit its users and
stakeholders.
1.4 Project Goals and Objectives
1.4.1 Goals
Given the need for a centralized athlete development and training center, the primary goal of
the project is to provide a model for athletic development facilities in the Philippines. The project aspires
to be the symbol of athlete development in the country through an accessible, sustainable, flexible, self-
aware, therapeutic, and systematized spaces encouraging athletes and regular citizens to partake in a
clean and healthy lifestyle.
1.4.2 Objectives
To improve the Philippines performance and output in international endeavors in sports
To encourage physical activity and promote a clean and healthy lifestyle to Filipinos
To produce world class athletes with qualities embodying Filipino tradition

1.5 Project Scope and Research Limitations
1.5.1 Project Scope
The project to be developed will account for designing a master plan of an athlete
village and sport complex, consisting of athlete training and lodging facilities, open spaces
and sport surfaces (tracks, courts, etc.), and supplementary facilities (healthcare,
administrative, wellness center). The project is dedicated to serve and cater primarily to
Philippine athletes and Olympic delegates and secondarily to Filipinos interested to
observe or participate in the Philippines athletic program. The projects design will only
focus on the design of the athlete training and lodging facilities as well as the playing courts
and open areas while other supplementary facilities would only be of reference to the site.
The project aims to be a model for architecturally sustainable sporting and housing
facilities utilizing tropical design strategies as well as green and sustainable design
strategies.
The stakeholders to be accommodated in this thesis is as follows: senior athletes
(19-up), youth athletes (18-under), Paralympic athletes, amateur athletes, professional/
club athletes and wellness and fitness enthusiasts.
1.5.2 Research Limitations
There are some limitations where in gathering of data cannot be acquired. Listed below
are as follows:
Statistics regarding athlete population per sport is either outdated
inconsistent especially in the regional level in the rural areas. An alternative
solution is to base statistics referred to the highest governing body of sports

in the Philippines which is the PSC. Further interviews with key personnel
of PSC shall be relied upon along with data from the organization
Information regarding minimum requirements regarding sporting facilities
and technologies in the PD 1096 and BP 344 is either outdated or
unspecified. Alternatives would be observation and analysis of local case
studies and combining them with international case studies. Minimum
standards for facilities and technologies will be referenced through
international standards.
Case studies in the Philippines are very limited and specific typologies do
not exist. Alternatives are international case studies and synthesizing
observations and information to the local Filipino context.
Due to the private ownership of the site and confidentiality of documents,
site boundaries, distances and bearings would be based and approximated
using satellite imagery and map data and reference to provided master plans.
1.6 Definition of Terms & Acronyms
1.6.1 Definition of Terms
Accessible - it can be accessed, entered, and used by persons
with disabilities
Activity-- the condition in which things are happening or being done.
A recreational pursuit or pastime
Amateur-- a person who engages in a pursuit, especially a sport, on
an unpaid basis.
Athlete- a person who is proficient in sports and other forms of
physical exercise.
BP 344Batas Pambansa 344. Accessibility Law
Burnout-- physical or mental collapse caused by overwork or stress.
Centralized-- concentrate (control of an activity or organization)
under a single authority.
Core-- a central and often foundational part usually distinct from the
enveloping part by a difference in nature
Club-- an association or organization dedicated to a particular interest
or activity.
Competition-- the activity or condition of competing, an event or
contest in which people compete or the person or people with
whom one is competing, especially in a commercial or
sporting arena; the opposition.

Coach-- an athletic instructor or trainer
Disability-- any restriction or lack of ability to perform an
activity in the manner or within the range considered normal
for a human being.
Delegate-- a person sent or authorized to represent others, an elected
representative sent to a conference.
Development-- the process of developing or being developed.
Fitness-- a general state of good health, usually as a result of exercise
and nutrition
Flexible-- able to be easily modified to respond to altered
circumstances or conditions.
Gentrified-- renovate and improve (especially a house or district) so
that it conforms to middle-class taste.
International-- something (a company, language, or organization)
involving more than a single country.
Nutrition-- the science that interprets the interaction of nutrients and
other substances in food in relation to maintenance, growth,
reproduction, health and disease of an organism. It includes
food intake, absorption, assimilation, biosynthesis,
catabolism and excretion.
Olympic GamesInternational competition consisting of the
Summer Games and Winter Games taking place every four
years
ParalympicsBranch of the Olympics dedicated to disabled and
handicapped athletes
PD 1096National Building Code of the Philippines
Prophylactic-- a medicine or course of action used to prevent disease.
Senior-- a person who is a specified number of years older than
someone else or a competitor of above a certain age or of the
highest status in a particular sport.
Skill-- the ability to do something well; expertise.
Self-Aware-- having conscious knowledge of one's own character and
feelings.
Sports -- includes all forms of competitive physical activity or games
which, through casual or organized participation, aim to use,
maintain or improve physical ability and skills while
providing enjoyment to participants, and in some cases,
entertainment for spectators. Usually the contest or game is
between two sides, each attempting to exceed the other
Specialization-- a method of production where a business, area or
economy focuses on the production of a limited scope of
products or services to gain greater degrees of productive
efficiency within an overall system.
Sustainable-- conserving an ecological balance by avoiding depletion
of natural resources. Also, being able to be maintained at a
certain rate or level.
Training-- the action of teaching a person a skill or type of behavior.
Wellness-- is an active process of becoming aware of and making
choices toward a healthy and fulfilling life.

Youth-- the period between childhood and adult age, an early stage in
the development of something or young people considered as
a group.
1.6.2 Acronyms
CHEd- Commission on Higher Education
DepEd-Department of Education
DOLE- Department of Labor and
Employment
IOC- International Olympic Comitee
IPC- International Paralympic Committee
POC- Philippine Olympic Committee
PSC- Philippine Sports Commission
PSI- Philippine Sports Institute
PhilSpADA- Philippine Sports Association
for the Differently Abled
SDG- Sustainable Development Goals
WG- Winter Games
SG- Summer Games
BP- Batas Pambansa
PD- Presidential Decree
RA- Republic Act

CHAPTER II: RELATED LITERATURE
2.1 The Sociology of Sport. Is sport a religion?
What is the role of sports in society? Society is self-aware. People might not like sports,
but they know what it is. Sports is considered very basic and something that is natural that
even children know what it is. The sociology of sport questions sport itself. Why do athletes
take drugs? Why do people take part in sports more than others? It examines the role and
function of sport in the lives of the people and the societies it forms. For sociologists, sport is
central to identity construction in modern contemporary societies. Sometimes, sports acts as
a surrogate religion and is an avocation (Malcolm, 2012)
Psychologists are closing in on the conclusion that sport has many of the same effects
on spectators as religion does (Barber, 2012). "The similarities between sport fandom and
organized religion are striking. Consider the vocabulary associated with both: faith, devotion,
worship, ritual, dedication, sacrifice, commitment, spirit, prayer, suffering, festival, and
celebration."(Wann,2001)
If ritual may be entertaining, then entertainment, as experienced in a sports stadium,
may be ritualistic. Fans wear the team colors and carry its flags, icons, and mascots. Then
there is repetitive chanting of team encouragement, hand-clapping, booing the other team,
doing the wave, and so forth. The singing of an anthem at a sporting event likely has similar
psychological effects as the singing of a hymn in church. As a group, sports fans are religious,
according to research. It is also curious that as religious attendance rates have dropped off in
recent decades, interest in sport spectatorship has soared. Moreover, research has debunked
several stereotypes about sports fans that seem incompatible with religiosity. Fans are not
lazy, nor are they particularly prone to violence. (Wann, 2001)
In the Philippines, sport has not just become a religion, it has become a vocation. Many
a people dedicate themselves to their craft and sometimes neglect their needs and obligations
outside sports. A positive outlook is that while Filipinos are avid sports fans, most of them have
not graduated to idolatry or succumbed to maniacy. It has rooted itself in the culture of
Filipinos. With the help of media coverage and circulation of sports paraphernalia, sports in
modern Filipino society has cemented its place along religion in the country.
2.2 Race and Sport
In modern athletics, it has become prevalent that society places race as the main factor for
sport dominance. Black athletes excel in strength and endurance, while white athletes excel in
graceful fundamentals and Asian athletes have little to no advantage over their Western and
European counterparts. Sports has become one of the biggest stages in the issue of racism, as
it has permeated into sport itself. (Malcolm,2012)
Psychologists claim that there are two factors influencing these racial associations with
sport dominance:
1)Race Linked Physiological Traits
These traits are evident from a persons birth, as it is their physiological makeup that
defines or accentuates these traits. For example, black athletes are tall in nature and have more
compact muscle mass, making them appear lean and fast while white athletes are moderate in
height but have looser muscle mass making them appear stocky and buff, while Asian athletes
are smaller in stature and have varying muscle mass making them look smaller and weaker.
Although these traits are apparent, psychologists stress that these may be purely visual.
Physiological traits can be trained, developed or changed, rendering assumptions of racial
factors affecting sport dominance to be false. (Malcolm, 2012)
2)Race Linked Psychological Traits
These traits stem from an athletes mindset and his/her disposition on race. Rooting
from assumptions that race governs sport dominance. These assumptions lead to athletes
thinking that training and competing in a sport dominated by another race to be futile.
(Malcolm, 2012) Recognition of this fact renders the athlete to thinking he is unqualified for
the sport.
In the Philippines, for example, children smaller in stature are discouraged from
partaking in heavy contact sports like football and basketball. It is a tradition and mindset that
to excel in these sports, you must be bigger, stronger and taller than your competition. Leading
to children being discouraged from partaking in competition which further leads to
underrepresentation.
These two factors contribute to the disproportionate representation of a particular race
leading to the racial majority into thinking they are the best. This phenomenon is called
stacking. (Malcolm, 2012)
2.3 Sport and gender

In sports, institutional sexism has resulted/ contributed to the current situation where
women in sports are either discriminated or marginalized. Women in sports are often
marginalized and sometimes rendered invisible. This roots from sport being a male preserve.
Sport in history has always been participated in and dominated by men, and historically,
women are relegated to spectatorship or relief of these athletes. While female athleticism
challenges gender norms, women athletes continue to be depicted in traditional roles that
reaffirm their femininity - as wives and mothers or sex objects. By comparison, male athletes
are framed according to heroic masculine ideals that honor courage, strength,
and endurance
This expectation of femininity often results in women being dissuaded from lifting
weights, sweating, grunting, being aggressive, participating and competing in sports and
physical activities. The main reason for this is because society expects women to be ladylike,
not demonstrate characteristics that are defined as being masculine. However, when women do
cross the line and exhibit these so-called manly traits, their gender identity, sexual
orientation, values, and social roles are often questioned. Only recently has women become
empowered to voice out their reservations to men and feminist movements are gearing towards
gender equality in sport in all areas around the world. (Malcolm, 2012)
2.4 Homosexuality in sport
Homophobia is a fear or hatred of homosexuals. Even though sport provides a
wonderful venue for positive and healthy experiences, homophobia exists in sport and is one
of several reasons that participants in sport are discriminated against on the basis of sexual
orientation. Sport is a gendered experience, and the sporting context is filled with intimate
linkages between sport and masculinity, femininity, and gender exploration.
Homophobia takes several forms. It can be a prejudice or negative prejudgment about
those who are homosexual or thought to be homosexual. It can take the form of a stereotype,
where an individual or group is thought to have characteristics assumed to be indicative of
homosexuality. It can also be a discriminatory behavior toward a person or group being treated
differently, usually negatively, based on sexual orientation. Elimination of homophobia is seen
by many as an important step in playing sports an equitable and safe place for participants.
(Brackenridge and Kirby 1997).
What is homophobia and how does it affect girls and women and boys and men in
sport? Rowe (1995) writes that there is an intimate linkage between sport and maleness and
that it is womens increasing involvement in sport that has contributed to a destabilization of
social categories of relationships and identities. In the sport world, this means that hegemonic
masculinity dominates femininity, and heterosexuality remains the organizing discourse rather
than homosexuality or any other forms of sexuality. Further, the principle referent in sport is
the heterosexual male, followed closely by the heterosexual female and only afterwards,
perhaps, by the gay male or lesbian respectively. Heterosexuality is assumed, and persons who
are not heterosexual experience active (because they are individually and collectively unable
to participate fully in sport) or passive discrimination (because they are made to feel
invisible).
However, since sport is so intrinsically male defined and male dominated, it is virtually
impossible to write about homophobia without also writing about gender boundaries in sport,
hegemonic masculinity, compulsory heterosexuality, heteronormativity, homoeroticism, the
gay gaze, and homonegativity. Perhaps this makes homophobia look more complex, but it is
essential to understanding the discrimination dynamic. (Perotti, 2002)
2.5 Sport, Culture and the Public
Sport has entrenched itself into a cultures soul and the help of media coverage and
dissemination of sport paraphernalia further entrenches the soul of sport to its spectators and
consumers. Through the force of publicity, the world of sport is created and is being kept alive
by the services extended by the press and the public. (Schultz, 2015)
Sport reflects dominant cultures/ cultural themes. Athletes, at an early age, are
reinforced by their countrys cultural values like self-heroism, self-sacrifice, duty, honor etc.
Sports media further preserves old values and introduce /reinforce new traditional values.
(Schultz, 2015)
In the Philippines, athletes are taught the value of puso (heart) and sipag (diligence)
from an early age. These traditional traits are combined with the countrys athlete mantras of
humility in glory, grace in defeat and Laban Pilipinas! (Fight, Philippines!). These are
reciprocated by the public, cheering these words during spectating in international

competitions and taken into heart by the national athletes. By bringing people together, sport
plays an important role in societies as it builds solidarity and reminds us of the importance of
being connected in a community. Sports is a way that young people from around the world
are finding a way to connect with each other. Young people are looking for community and
they are finding it through sport.
2.6 Youth and Sports
Sports and Athletics can benefit young children because sports and athletics offer these
young children several different avenues to becoming more physically, mentally, and
spiritually tough. By participating in athletics youth learn to be reliant on a team effort, not
only does this build leadership skills but it also builds up the child's self-esteem. Sports and
athletics also helps to build the participants mental, physical, and emotional awareness. By
becoming more aware of oneself through sports and athletic one can grow to levels of
emotional matureness that are not readily accessible to those of whom do not participate in
sports and athletics.
Physical skills are peaked when participating in sports and athletics. When a person is
physically fit, athletic skills are normally above and beyond what they would normally be
without them. Mentally, sports and athletics helps to strengthen the mind, helping people to
go farther mentally then they thought would ever be possible. It is proven that people that play
sports and become involved with clubs and other groups do better in school. It also allows
people to gain recognition in their sport.
Physical play is during infancy and early childhood is central to the development of
social and emotional competence. Researchers have reported that children who engage in
more physical play with their parents exhibited greater enjoyment during play sessions, were
more aware of their emotions, had greater self-esteem and were more popular with their peers.
(Merkel, 2013)
Playing sports helps children spend their time better. Some studies show that children
spend 7.5 hours on electronics daily. Going outside and playing sports would cut into that
time. Other studies show that youth that play sports tend to get better grades.
Playing sports teaches children many social skills. They will communicate with
teammates their age and coaches who are older than them. Sportsmanship and character will
also be taught while playing. These social skills will greatly benefit them the rest of their life.
Sports can also help childrens self-esteem. They will undoubtedly get praise and
encouragement from parents and coaches. (Junonia, 2017)
2.7 Timelessness of sport
It is easy to assume that todays sport will remain forever. History shows that a sport
does not die and just simply evolves. This is because spectators have unprecedented demands
and modern designers and sport architects have finally learned to meet their own demands.
Spectators have a definite and predictable nature. If they like it, they turn up and stay and in
they dont, they grow bored and find something else. This poses a challenge for designers and
sport facility architects. How long can the building outlive its intended purpose and how it
should be cutting edge.
Now, sport architects must be highly specialized in consumer trends, safety legislation,
environmental issues and politics and the machinations of high finance and planning
procedures. Despite these demands, there is a cruel caveat, facilities alone are not enough
(Ingus,2001)
2.8 Functional training and how it works
Functional training programs prepare an athlete to play his sport. Functional training
does not use one specific type of regimen to train an athlete of one sport to another which is
called cross training. Many programs confuse the two and as a result, trainers train their athletes
to excel in another sport other than their own primary sport. (Boyle, 2016)
How it works is that functional training programs produce instability in the athlete in
controlled amounts and allowing them to react accordingly to regain their stability. These
ensures that there is no over- or underdevelopment in an unnecessary aspect and instead
focusing on attaining a balance. This allows athletes to train parts of their body based on how
they would use it. (Boyle, 2016)
To be effective, a functional exercise program should include several different elements
which can be adapted to an individual's needs or goals
Based on functional tasks directed toward everyday life activities.
Individualized a training program should be tailored to each individual. Any program
must be specific to the goals of an individual, focusing on meaningful tasks. It must also
be specific to the individual state of health, including presence or history of injury. An
assessment should be performed to help guide exercise selection and training load.
Integrated It should include a variety of exercises that work on flexibility, core, balance,
strength and power, focusing on multiple movement planes.

Progressive Progressive training steadily increases the difficulty of the task.
Periodized mainly by training with distributed practice and varying the tasks.
Repeated frequently.
Use of real life object manipulation.
Performed in context-specific environments.
Feedback should be incorporated following performance (self-feedback of success is used
as well as trainer/therapist feedback).
2.9 The potential role for sport and physical activity in disabilities
According to the World Health Organization (WHO) (2007), approximately
600million people in the world live with some form of disability. Of these, 80% live in LMICs,
are poor, and have little or no access to basic services (WHO, 2007). In many LMICs,
disability, if not outright excluded, is only minimally addressed by public health and social
policies, leaving PWD with few structural supports (WHO, 2007).
Having a disability or impairment may prevent persons from participating in their
social roles and being active members of their community. The ability to be productive and to
engage in activities is viewed as an essential part of life, a basic human need, and an important
determinant of health and well-being. The long-term health benefits of physical activity,
including recreation and sports, have long been established for all individuals with or without
disability. However, as with other marginalized members of society, PWD have also been
generally excluded from activities found in mainstream society, including sports and leisure
activities. PWD have traditionally been considered frail and not physically capable, and,
because of their perceived inferior physical and mental status, excluded from sports beyond
rehabilitation or therapeutic applications (DePauw & Gavron, 2005)
The benefits of participation in sports and physical leisure activities are not limited
to rehabilitation for PWD. As with the general population, physical activity may reduce the
risk for chronic illnesses and secondary conditions for PWD However, even though they would
derive considerable benefit from physical exercise, children and adults living with disabilities
are more likely to be sedentary compared to their able-bodied counterpart both at a social and
an individual level. Participation in such activities may improve functioning in daily activities,
resulting in increased independence and empowerment of PWD, increased social integration
and inclusion, as well as help to change attitudes among members of the society in general.
(Burchell, 2006)
2.10 Sport Psychology
Modern sport at every level of competition and in virtually every sporting activity has
benefited from the application of psychological principles and mental training in the pursuit
of maximum athletic performance, stress management, improved training attitude and every
other aspect of sport where the mind, emotions and physical performance intersect.
Sport psychology is unique amongst the applied psychology disciplines for several
reasons. The phrase suggests that there are accepted common practices employed by sports
psychologists and it is acknowledged as with any science, the baseline approaches to the
education, training and certification of the sport psychologist are well understood across the
world of sport and athletic competition. The feature of sports psychology practice that tends
to differentiate it from other form of applied psychology is the general closeness of the
relationships developed between an individual athlete and their psychologist.
The common professional boundaries of professional detachment are different in
sports environments where intense emotion and competitive desire are the fuel that both drives
the athlete onwards and makes them vulnerable to psychological stresses. Many sport
psychologists play a multi-dimensional role in the lives of their athlete clients - trained
professional psychologist, friend, sounding board, confidante and advisor are each possible
and entirely ethical component to the relationships that may develop in practice applications
(Scott, 2001)
Applied sport and exercise psychology involves the extension of psychology theory and
research into a specific field. While the athlete or team will inevitably attract the most attention
in these applications, given that the pursuit of athletic excellence is a primary objective, the
psychologist has a significant role to play in the education of any coaches, teammates, parents,
fitness professionals, and athletic trainers about the psychological aspects of the specific sport
or exercise activity. Applied sport and exercise psychologists seek to facilitate maximal
involvement, performance, and enjoyment in any sport environment.
The practice of applied sport and exercise psychology usually involves a combination
of individual and group consulting or counseling depending on the style of the professional
conducting the intervention and the needs of the client. The realty of amateur sport is that many
athletes do not have the access or means to have a personal psychological consultant. The
principles that support a proper practitioner / athlete relationship are the same. (Boyle, 2009)
2.11 Stages of Athlete Development
This long-term athlete development mainly focuses on five different stages in an
athletes career.
STAGE 1- FUNDAMENTAL STAGE
The emphasis is on the overall development of the athletes physical capacities, and
fundamental movement skills, and the ABC's of athleticism - Agility, Balance, Coordination
and Speed. Participation in as many sports as possible is encouraged. Speed, power and
endurance are developed using games. Correct running, jumping and throwing techniques are
taught, using the ABC's of athletics. Strength training during this stage should include exercises
using the athletes own body weight exercises. Athletes should be introduced to the simple rules
and ethics of sports
STAGE 2- TRAINING STAGE
During this stage, young athletes learn how to train and they also learn the basic skills
of a specific sport. As well, they are introduced to the basic technical/tactical skills and
ancillary capacities including: warm up and cool down, stretching, hydration and nutrition,
recovery and regeneration, mental preparation, taper and peak, integrated pre-competition
routines and post-competition recovery. During competitions athletes play to win and to do
their best, but the major focus of training is on learning the basics as opposed to competing.
STAGE 3- COMPETITION STAGE
During this stage, high intensity individual and sport-specific training is provided to
athletes year-round. Athletes, who are now proficient at performing both basic and sport
specific skills, learn to perform these skills under a variety of competitive conditions during
training. Special emphasis is placed on optimum preparation by modelling training and
competition. Fitness programs, recovery programs, psychological preparation and technical
development are now individually tailored to a greater degree. This emphasis on individual
preparation addresses each athletes individual strength and weaknesses.
STAGE 4-OPTIMIZATION STAGE
This is the final stage of athletic preparation. All of the athletes physical, technical,
tactical, mental, and ancillary capacities are now fully established and the focus of training has
shifted to the optimization of performance. Athletes are trained to peak for major competitions.
Training is characterized by high intensity and relatively high volume. Frequent prophylactic
breaks help to prevent physical and mental burnouts.
STAGE 5-RETAINING STAGE/ RETIREMENT STAGE
This stage refers to the activities performed after an athlete has retired from competition
permanently. During this final stage, ex athletes move into sport related careers that may
include coaching, officiating, sport administration, small business enterprises, masters
competition, media, etc.
CHAPTER III: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
3.1 Research Design

3.1.1 Key Personnel Interview
Interviews with the key personnel and experts will help gain several information on the
limitations, rules and related laws to the project involved as well as the existing specific rules
and prohibitions of the site and the client. Interviews will also bring about the insights of the
client, users and the neighborhood. Interview will be conducted with the following
professionals:
Dr. Lauro O. Domingo Jr., Chief Program, Research and Development Division,
Philippine Sports Commission
Manuel G. Bitog, Acting Chief, Sports Facilities Division, PSC
Elinita C. Constatino, In-Charge, Sports Science Center, PSC
Gina Calaguas, Executive Assistant, Philippine Olympic Committee
Gerardo A. Rosario, Secretary General, Philippine Paralympic Committee
3.1.2. Archival Research
There is an abundance of printed material about various training methods and athlete
development programs through the years. Sport architecture is well documented especially in
the US and Europe. Archival research on the history and development of sport facilities and
athlete development in different countries will help recognize the pre-existing problems and
recent issues the designer may address through the projects design.
3.1.3 Government Documents

The project follows preemptive and existing laws and orders published by the
Philippine Sports Commission and the Philippine Olympic Committee. Laws and standards are
to be requested from the organizations upon their approval. Any international material
regarding laws and standards on sports are to be referenced and reviewed by PSC for
confirmation for use on the project.
3.1.4 News and Newspaper Articles
The project will closely monitor news material from professional media outlets as well
as amateur media for any news regarding the Philippine Sports scene. Newspaper material will
be collected either physically or electronically then archived for project use. Any outdated news
and newspaper articles (later than 2016) are to be reviewed for relevance to the project and
otherwise rejected and archived only for reference.
3.1.5 Electronic Sources
PDFs, eBooks and Digital articles will be sourced from public digital libraries and open
format collections. Copyrights and Royalties are to be observed to avoid plagiarism and
tampering.
jstor.org
ebscohost.org (digital library)
libgen.co.us (digital library)
doaj.com (Directory of Open Access Journals)
3.1.6 Websites
Most of the related literature and additional research information will be gathered through
website searching. Any website of illegal activity is not to be referenced for safety.
http://www.web.psc.gov.ph/ (PSC)
http://olympic.ph/ (POC)
https://www.dole.gov.ph/ (DOLE)
http://www.deped.gov.ph/ (DepEd)
http://www.ched.gov.ph/ (CHEd)
https://www.olympic.org/the-ioc (IOC)
https://www.paralympic.org/ (IPC)
3.1.7 Case Studies
International case studies on sport facilities in both eastern and western countries will
help modify the design of the project. It will also bring up issues and concerns on existing
buildings, provide used strategies, technologies and practices that may be applied to the design
of the structure. The lack of proper standards for sporting facilities in the Philippines will be
remedied by case studies both international and local.
3.2 Research Method
Primary Data Gathering tools to be used are questionnaire and one on one interviews.
Secondary
CHAPTER IV: SITE PROFILE AND ANALYSIS

4.1 Site Criteria
The following site criteria for a training and housing sport facility is based on
international standards and case studies:
4.1.1 Accessibility. A sport facility must be easily accessible to the greatest number of users it
intends to serve. Site must easily implement accessibility laws in its boundaries
4.1.2 Soil Condition. Generally, mountainous soil with ultisols and inceptisols is the best for sport
facilities. Ultisols have highly a nutritious topsoil and does not erode or weather very easily. These
soil types support load and disperse weight efficiently. Inceptisols retain water and nutrients very
well making them very good planting and landscaping surfaces. Additionally, inceptisols are
commonly found near ultisol deposits. The site will utilize cut and fill strategies.
4.1.3 Topography. The contour of the land should preferably be sloping to a level ground. Slope
must not exceed 15% or in near proximity to cliffsides and topographically dangerous areas such
as landslide prone areas. Buildings will be placed mirroring the slope of the site preferably in the
higher elevation where the road concourse will be.
4.1.4 Water and Electricity. The site must have water systems already in place or near existing
pipelines and must be connected to a power grid.
4.1.5 Proximity to Civic and Commercial Establishments/Facilities The site must be near or
adjacent to existing civic buildings and be in close proximity to commercial centers.

4.1.6 Altitude Site can be elevated above sea level preferably a quarter kilometer (0.25 km) to one
kilometer (1 km) above sea level. Any site higher than two kilometers (2 km) will be excluded from
selection.
4.2 Site Data
4.2.1 SITE A-Tagaytay Highlands (Hypothetical Site Study)
SITE
Tagaytay Highlands Map
Site Boundaries highlighted in black

4.2.1.1 Site Descriprion
Situated in a developing area owned by the Tagaytay Highlands development, sitting
at highest elevation of Tagaytay at 260 m (853 ft.) above sea level, surrounded by commercial
and resort developments, the site enjoys a 360 view of the vista below. The site is near the
Santa Rosa Highway and only a few kilometers from the South Luzon Expressway (SLEX).
4.2.1.2 City Data:
All data are referenced from the Tagaytay City Website (www.tagaytay.gov.ph )
Tagaytay City is in the Province of Cavite, island of Luzon. It is approximately 56
kilometers south of Manila, with a total land area of 6,500 hectares, which represents about
5.14% of the total land area of Cavite. It lies within 120o 56 latitude and 14o 16 longitude
and overlooks Manila Bay on the north, Taal Volcano and Taal Lake on the south and Laguna
de Bay on the east.
The city is linked by the national highway to the Metropolitan Manila Area and to the
Province of Batangas. It is also connected by roads to the adjoining municipalities of Amadeo,
Mendez, Indang, Silang and Alfonso in Cavite towards the northwest, to the municipalities of
Calamba and Sta. Rosa in Laguna in the northeast and to the town of Talisay in Batangas in
the south.
Slope
One of the important factors being considered in determining the suitability of lands
for urban development as well as the capability of an area for cultivation is the slope. For
classification of slopes specified by the Task Force on Human Settlements as part of the
Ecological Information Decision Systems (EIDS) used in Human Settlements planning, the
different slope categories and its distribution among the lands in Tagaytay are the following:
Approximately 2,665 hectares of land, which represent 41.0% of the citys total land
area, have slopes of above 18.0%. These strongly rolling and mountainous portions are situated
along the ridge and on the eastern end of the city. Due to the unsuitability of these mountainous
and strongly sloping portions for cultivation and urban use, most of these areas are currently
utilized as forests or abandoned as open grasslands. Site selected sits at Type C (5%-10%).
Site Slope Map (Shows Landslide Cautionary Areas)

Sourced from NOAH: http://ww.w.noah.dost.gov.ph
Soil
The central and western portions of the city are covered by the Tagaytay sandy loam.
The surface soil of the Tagaytay is sandy loam which is 12 to 50 centimetres deep, dark brown
to nearly black, friable and granular sandy loam with a considerable amount of volcanic sand.
The subsoil is dark brown to very dark brown and varies in texture from clay loam to clay. It
is underlain by reddish-brown to yellowish brown adobe clay.
This adobe clay varies in depth depending on the topography of the place. The site, at
the eastern portion of the city, is covered by Tagaytay loam, which has a surface soil consisting
of a 15 to 35-centimeter thick layer of brown to dark brown loam containing more or less fine
sandy material. The soil is moderately friable when moist. In the disturbed condition, it
becomes hard and cakes when dry. This type of soil is easy to work on.
Tagaytay City Base Map

Sourced from Tagaytay City Website: http://ww.tagaytay.gov.ph
Climate
Tagaytay Citys climate is characterized by relatively low temperature, low humidity
and abundant rainfall. Like most areas in the Province of Cavite, the City has two pronounced
seasons: dry from November through April and wet during the rest of the year. The city is
endowed with a cool and invigorating climate with an average temperature of 22.7o C. Situated
approximately 600 meters above sea level, the city is misty and is relatively cooler during the
months of December, January and February.
Relative Humidity
Relative humidity is a measure of the moisture content of the atmosphere. The average
relative humidity of Tagaytay is 78 percent. This makes the city cooler than the Metropolitan
Manila area where the average relative humidity exceeds 81 percent.
Rainfall
Maximum rainfall usually occurs from July to September. The citys annual rainfall is
2,546 mm with a peak of 459 mm in August and low of 27 mm in February.
Wind
North-eastern winds prevail in the city during the months of October, November,
December, January, February, March and April. Winds came from the southwest during May,
June, July, August and September. The average speed of the wind is 6 knots per hour.Typhoons
Thirty one to forty percent (31-40%) of the typhoons visiting the Philippines affect
Tagaytay City. The probable months of typhoon season are from June to December.
Land Allocation
The type of land use to which majority of land (26.73%) in Tagaytay are devoted is the
Ecological Development Area. Second is the Agricultural Development Area (20.86%)
followed by General Development Area (20.59%)
Land Reform Program
The Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program (CARP) has a total coverage of 482.70
hectares. They are located at the ridges and eastern part of the City. Barangay Iruhin East (Site
Area) declared as an Agrarian Reform Community.

Land Protection Areas

Land Values
Lands located at the busiest intersections and along the ridge overlooking the Taal Lake
show higher trends in the current land values. Premium is based on the potential offered by
existing density of commercial activities and the presence of environmental amenities. Three
commercial nodes and a prime strip appear to be emerging based on these trends. They are the
Mendez Junction linked by the prime strip defined as the Tagaytay-Nasugbu-Calamba Road.
Three branch arteries are emerging defined by the roads leading to Manila, Amadeo and Sta.
Rosa. Considering the behavior of the land market, they may be the area that will continue to
experience rapid urbanization pressures
Social Composition and Characteristics

Most of the residents of Tagaytay (93.58%) speak the Tagalog language. The second
most used dialect in Tagaytay is Bicolano, which is spoken by 1.52% of the residents.
Tagaytay Language Table
Population Size and Growth Rate
As per 2010 NSO report, the citys total population is 62,030. Since Tagaytay is a
major tourist destination, population doubles on weekends and holidays due to influx of tourists
and visitors. The recent population report shows the annual growth rate of 3.19% from the 2000
NSO census with a total of 45,287.
Present Status of well-being.
The quality of life of the residents can be measured in terms of their status of well-
being in relation to certain acceptable or desired standards, as well as the level of social services
that are made available to them. Indicators 28 of well-being include health, education, social
welfare, housing, employment and income, recreation and protective services.
Health
The delivery of basic health care services to the general public is basically one of the
primary concerns of the city. The 34 barangay their respective barangay health centers under
the direct supervision of City Health Office personnel assisted by Barangay Health Workers
(BHWs) and Purok Social Workers (PSWs). Non-government Organizations (NGOs) such as
Project Health, Augustinian Sisters and private institutions also provide medical services to the
residents. At present the city has one (1) City Health Center, 34 barangay health centers, two
(2) hospitals, thirty six (36) medical/dental clinics, and thirteen (13) drugstores to meet the
health and medical needs of the people. 29 The city has twenty one (21) licensed physicians;
seventeen (17) dentists; eighty two (82) nurses; and fifty (50) Barangay Health Workers
(BHW). The City Nutrition Offices records show that from 1998 to 2015, the malnutrition rate
in the city is below 1%. As a concrete manifestation of the efficiency of the citys nutrition
program, the city has received several Nutrition Awards from the regional even up to national
level.
Tagaytay Zoning Map

4.2.2 SITE B- New Clark Green City (PPP-Approved Site Study)
New Clark Green City Top Down Master Plan (Site area highlighted in black)
sourced from Base Conversion Development Authority Website: http://www.bcda.gov.ph/
4.2.2.1 Site Descriprion
Situated in one of the three institutional blocks of the New Clark Green City
development in Capas, Tarlac, the site is to be part of an inclusive green city of the future. With
a city covering 9, 450 hectares, the development city development aims to be holistic, vibrant,
self-sustaining, green and intelligent community housing 1,120,000 residents and 800,000
workers.
4.2.2.2 Macro Level Analysis: City Data:
All data are referenced from the Municipality of Capas Website (http://www.capastarlac.gov.ph/)
Boundaries
Capas occupies a total area of 43,148.55 hectares. A land locked area located in the
southwestern part of Tarlac province, bounded by the towns of San Jose on the north, Tarlac
on the northeast, Concepcion on the east, Bamban on the south, and Zambales on the west. It
lies at geographical coordinates of 15 15 to 1526latitude and 120 37 longitude.
Soil
Soil characteristics include Tarlac clay loam, La Paz fine sand and Luisita sandy sand. The
western boundary is dominated by volcanic rocks of the basalt and andesite types covered by
undifferentiated Tarlac soils. Capas has coarse to medium textured soil that is prone to seasonal
flooding. Permeability is affected by soil texture and crop management practices by the farmers
when they plant sugar cane and other annual crops.
The towns hilly and mountainous portion manifests moderate to very rapid permeability due
to soil compactness. Sand deposits containing predominantly of quartz and magnetite minerals
were observed in ODonnell River. It is believed to have come from the pyroclastic hills and
mountains in the southern part of the municipality. Sand and gravel found in the area are good
for construction materials and aggregates. Topography

The topography of capas is predominantly level to gently sloping (0-3 slope gradient) covers
90.84% or 38,633.44 hectares, which is suitable for urban expansion and settlements
development, and for agricultural production. The low slope has reduced risk of landsides in
the area and has low susceptibility and potential of erosion.
Site Slope Map (Shows Landslide Cautionary Areas)
100-year Flood Hazard Map

Fig.1 Soil Map of Tarlac

Sourced from Tarlac Comprehensive Land Use Plan
Fig.2 Topographic Map of Tarlac

Fig.3 Geohazard Map of Tarlac

Climate
Capas has two (2) distinct seasons: wet and dry. The moths of November to April are generally
dry while the rest of the year is in the rainy season. Tarlac receives continuous rainfall during
the southwest monsoon period from June to November, which corresponds to the wet season.
Demography
The Aetas were the first inhabitants of Capas, today it is inhabited by people of different
ethnic groupings Pampangos, Ilocanos, Pangasinenses and Tagalogs. One percent are
Bicolanos and Visayans. Capas has 20 barangays with a total population of 135,735, with a
household population of 27,147 (NSO 2012, unoffcial) at 3.55 annual growth rate.
As of 2012 the highest household population distributed among Capas 20 Barangays was
observed in Cristo Rey at 6,157 followed by ODonnell, Sta. Lucia and Cutcut I at 2,827, 2,173,
and 2,001 respectively. Bueno and Manga were observed to be the least populated Barangays
at 320 and 370 respectively. Like the rest of the country, the young population in Capas exhibits
a pyramidal age structure. The population between ages zero to 14 years old account for 40%.
Capas is predominantly a Kapampangan speaking town. Roman Catholic religion has remained
deeply rooted in the municipality of Capas ever since its propagation followed by the Iglesia
ni Cristo denomination. Literacy rate is pegged at 96%.

Sourced from Philippine Statistics Authority: http://www.psa.gov.ph/
Anticipating the development of the New Clark City, population is expected to increase
with the Base Conversion Development Authority (BCDA) estimating a 1,220,000 influx of
residents and an influx of 800,000 workers at the final phase of the citys development.
Institutions and Economy
Several educational institutions, medical facilities, religious institutions and
government institutions are also found in this area. Major transport routes also pass through
the poblacion area which links the municipality to other nearby areas. This area was identifed
as major commercial/institutional area due to the existence/availability of the said institutions
and services. The municipality is predominantly an agricultural town despite the fast pace of
urbanization. The total productive agricultural area devoted to crops is 9,567 has. This is
30.28% of the total land area.

Tourism is also a vital player in Capas economy. Sta. Juliana is home to a satellite offce
while the Municipal Hall serves as the main tourism information center. is home to a number
of tourism sites and activities which includes a wellness SPA, Tambo lake and Hotspring. It
also serves as the jump off point going to Mt. Pinatubo. Barangay ODonnell the adjacent
barangay of Sta. Juliana offers accommodation facilities for tourist.
4.2.2.3 Micro Level Analysis: Site Features
Scenic Views
1. Mount Pinatubo Base Camp
The site is in close proximity to the base of Mount Pinatubo and serves as a starting
point for hikers and tourists visiting the dormant volcano. A days hike will lead tourists to the
Mount Pinatubo Crater Lake, a caldera formed in the aftermath of the 1991 eruption
2. Capas National Shrine
The Capas National Shrine in barangay Cristo Rey, Capas, Tarlac, Philippines was built by
the Philippine government as a memorial to Allied soldiers who died at Camp O'Donnell at the
end of the Bataan Death March during the Second World War. The shrine is a focus for
commemorations on Araw ng Kagitingan or Valour Day. US, Filipino, Czech and Slovak
soldiers are commemorated here.
3. Tambo Lake
A natural lagoon accidentally created out of lahar, river water and agricultural land.
Formerly a stretch of rice paddies, the lake formed is now a source of aquatic resources and
deemed a potential site for still water paddling and fishing activities.
Noise, Air, Light Pollution
The site is almost pollution free due to its unused nature although in suffers from slight
noise and light pollution due to its proximity to established cities and barangays. The site
mainly receives pollution from the eastern side and relatively receives virtually none on the
western side.
Fig.4 Geohazard Map of Tarlac

Flora and Fauna
Table 2 Permanent Commercial Crops in Tarlac

Table 1 Planted Crops, Production Volume, Prod. Area Table

Table 3 Livestock and Animal Farming Table

Features
Capas is traverse by various water systems, such as rivers, creeks and tributaries. The
ODonnell River forms as the principal river. The Bulsa-Morinones River flows into
confluence with ODonnell River with Bangut River serving as tributary. Both rivers are prone
to flash floods. Cutcut River is a minor river system which flows in Rio Chico River at the
Tarlac-Nueva Ecija boundary. A hot spring is located in Barangay Bueno. Forest lands
occupied the largest area of Capas. There are two critical watershed areas namely; ODonnell
and Balog-Balog with a total area of 28,025 hectares. Capas Death March Monument is
declared a NIPAS Area.There are two national roads that link Capas with other municipalities
and provinces. The Manila North Road classifed as a north-south backbone and Capas-
Magalang Road classifed as a national secondary road. The Manila-North Road links Capas to
the North Luzon Expressway, while the latter forms part of Capas access to Subic-Clark-Tarlac
Expressway.
Road Map
SWOT and Strategies
SWOT Strategy Table Strengths-S Weaknesses-W

1. Large expanse of flat 1. Isolated location
non-undulating land 2. Undeveloped/
2. Good Soil Condition insufficient nearby
3. Air pollution-free institutions and
4. High development services
budget(BCDA) 3. Moderately light and
noise polluted
Opportunities O SO- Strategy WO-Strategy
1. Agricultural potential Integrating farming to Build around CDC and
2. Abundance of natural the proposed self- BCDA master plan of
resources sustaining community; New Clark to
3. Large economic harnessing soil maximize proximity to
workforce potential for future services
agricultural use Study of proper road
Maximize use of local networks to increase
products in circulation travel efficiently
by using materials in within the
the development of the development
village/community
Threats T ST-Strategy WT-Strategy
1. Environmental hazards Reducing the 3-tier Disaster mapping and
(Mt. Pinatubo) development phasing to study to create a
2. 3-tier development 2 to reduce contingency in event
phasing development time and of disaster
increase financial
efficiency
4.3 Site Selection and Justification
4.3.1 Site Selection Checklist
Scoring:
5- Excellent 4 Good 3-Satisfactory 2-Unsatisfactory 1- Bad
Site Criteria Tagaytay Score New Clark Green Score
Highlands City
Accessibility The site is in 3 The site is in 4
proximity to the proximity to the
national highway national highway
system and is a 2-3- system and is a 20-
hour drive to the 30-minute drive to
nearest airfield/ the nearest airfield
port
Soil Condition The site sits on an 3 The site sits on a 5
ultisol soil type, loam inceptisol soil
ideal for cut and fill type, ideal for
constructions agricultural and
institutional use.
Topography Type C Slope- 5 to 2 Type A Slope 0 5
10% to 2.5%
Climate Low temperature, 5 Moderate 3
low humidity and temperature and
abundant rainfall humidity, high
amount of rainfall
Water, Electricity, Site is connected to 4 Site is not yet 1
Utilities existing water and connected to any
electricity lines service line
Proximity to Close proximity to 4 Moderate 3
Services housing, schools, proximity to
police and fire housing, schools,
stations police and fire
stations
Altitude 260 m (853 ft.) 3 46m (151 ft) 5
Disaster Moderate landslide 3 Proximity to 3
risk, no flood or dormant volcano,
storm surge risk Moderate flood
risk, light landslide
risk, no storm surge
risk
Total 27 Total 29
4.3.1 Site Justification
The New Clark City Development- Zone 6 meets the criteria for sporting facilities in
sprawling areas. With risk, disaster, flood, earthquake, housing and financial investigation,
together with its sufficient qualities and low risks, it may be ideal for the project to be in the
Zone 6, New Clark Green City, Capas, Tarlac.

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P.A.

A Thesis Proposal Submitted to the

ALCAUSIN, FRANCIS CHRISTIAN R.

1.1 Background and Nature of the Project 5

1.2 Statement of the Problem 7

1.3 Significance of the Project 10

1.4 Project Goal & Objectives 12

1.5 Project Scope & Limitations 13

1.6 Definition of Terms & Acronyms 15

Chapter II- REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

2.1 The Sociology of Sport. Is sport a religion? 19

2.2 Race and Sport 20

2.3 Sport and Gender 22

2.4 Homosexuality in sports 23

2.5 Sport, Culture and the Public 24

2.6 Youth and Sports 25

2.7 Timelessness of Sport 26

2.8 Functional Training and how it works 27

2.10 Sport Psychology 29

Chapter III- RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

3.1 Research Design 33

3.2 Research Methods 3

Chapter IV- SITE PROFILE AND ANALYSIS

4.1 Site Criteria 36

4.2 Site Data 37

4.2.1 Site A: Tagaytay Highlands 37

4.2.2 Site B: New Clark Green City 46

4.3 Site Selection and Justification 60

List of Figures and Tables

1.1: Background of the Study

Table 1. The Philippine Olympic Medal Table 7

Table 2. The Philippine Asian Games Medal Table 7

4.2.1: Tagaytay Highlands

Figure 1. Tagaytay Highlands Map 37

Table 1. Slope Type Table 39

Figure 2. Site Slope Map 40

Figure 3. Tagaytay Base Map 41

Figure 4. Land Protection Areas 43

Table 1. Tagaytay Language Table 44

4.2.2 New Clark Green City

Figure 1. Soil Map or Tarlac 49

Figure 2. Topography Map of Tarlac 50

Figure 3. Geohazard Map of Tarlac 51

Table 1. Permanent Commercial Crops 56

Table 2. Planted Crop Production Table 57

Table 3 SWOT Table 59

Table 4 Site Selection Table 60

Paralympics established by the International Paralympic Committee (IPC) is a branch of the

Games time tables.

participate in actions to promote peace and to promote women in sport. We also

doping and to demonstrate a responsible concern for environmental issues.

(Philippine Olympic Committee, 2015)

1.1 Background and Nature of the Project

slightly more than 3 hours of training or competition daily over 10 years.(MacNoughton,2012)

ensure systematic and logical delivery of programs to all ages.

Athlete development promotes ongoing education to athlete and recreation

result in shortcomings in physical, technical, tactical and mental abilities.

(MacNoughton,2012) This long-term athlete development mainly focuses on five different

stages in an athletes career.

athletes and champions:

1.2 Statement of the Problem

(US) being the last.

lack of foreign exposures and inadequate training because of insufficient budget

Lack of government support