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IS 12800-1 (1993): Guidelines for selection of turbines,

preliminary dimensioning and layout of surface
hydro-electric power houses, Part 1: Medium and large power
houses [WRD 15: Hydroelectric Power House Structures]

! $ ' +-
Satyanarayan Gangaram Pitroda
Invent a New India Using Knowledge

! > 0 B


BharthariNtiatakam
Knowledge is such a treasure which cannot be stolen
 IS 12800 (Part 1 ) : 1993
( Reaffirmed 2003 )

Indian Standard
GUIDELTNBSFOR SELECTJONOFTURBINES,
PRELIMINARYDIMENSIONINGAND
LAYOUTOFSURFACEHYDRO-ELECTRIC
POWERHOUSES
PART 1 MEDIUM AND LARGE POWER HOUSES

UDC 627.85 : 621.224~2

o BIS 1993

BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS

MANAK BHAVAN, 9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR MARG
NEW DELHI I 10002

August 1993 Price Group 8

Hydro-electric Power House Structures Sectional Committee, RVD 15

FOREWORD

This Indian Standard ( Part 1 ) was adopted by the Bureau of Indian Standards, after the draft finalized
by the Hydro-electric Power House Structures Sectional Committee had been approved by the River
Valley Division Council.
So far as to generate electrical energy from Hydroelectric Power Houses, Selection of Turbines,
Preliminary Dimensioning and Layout is necessary in designing of such Power Houses, requirement
will be different from large, medium and micro ( small ) Power Houses. Requirements are, therefore,
laid down separately for large and medium Power Houses and small Power Houses. This standard is,
therefore, formulated into three parts - Part 1 covering Medium and Large Power Houses, Part 2
covering Storage Power Houses and Part 3 Mini and Micro Power Houses.
Guidelines covered in this standard are applicable after fixing the data with regard to the capacity,
type, number of units and discharges. Departure from the guidelines will be necessary to meet such
special requirements and condition of individual site based on judgement and experience. _
For the purpose of deciding whether a particular requirement of this standard is complied with, the
final value, observed or calculated, expressing the result of a test or analysis, shall be rounded off in
accordance with IS 2 : 1960 <Rules for rounding off numerical values ( revised ). The number of
significant places retained in the rounded off value should be the same as that of the specified value in
this standard.
 IS 12800 ( Part 1 ) : 1993

Indian Standard
GUIDELINESFORSELECTION OFTURBINES,
PRELIMINARY DIMENSIONING AND

LAYOUTOFSURFACEHYDRO-ELECTRIC
POWER HOUSES
PART 1 MEDIUM AND LARGE POWER HOUSES

1 SCOPE 3.1 Specific Speed ( n, )

This standard (Part 1) lays down guidelines It is the speed in r.p.m. at which a turbine of
for preliminary dimensioning for surface hydro- homologous design would operate, if the runner
electric power houses with reaction turbines were reduced to a size which would develop one
having vertical shaft arrangement. metric horse power under one metre head. tt is
given by:
NOTE - These guidelines will generally apply to
unit capacities from 5 MW to 500 MW.
2 REFERENCES
where
The Indian Standards listed below are necessary
adjuncts to this standard: IZS=specific speed of turbine in revolutions/
minute,
IS No. Title
Yl= rated speed of turbine in revolutions/
4410 Glossary of terms relating minute,
( Part 10 ) : 1988 to river valley projects :
P= turbine output in kW, and
Part 10 Hydro-electric
power station including H= rated head in metres.
water conductor system 3.2 Minimum Tail Water Level
(first revision )
It is the water level in the tail race
at the exit
5496 : 1969 Guide for preliminary end of the draft tube corresponding to a
dimensioning and layout of discharge required to run one machine at no
elbow type draft tubes for load.
surface hydel power stations
4 MAlN PARAMETERS OF TURBINE
7418 : 1991 Criteria for design o spiral
casing ( concrete and steel ) 4.1 Type of Turbine
(first revision )
The selection of type of turbine should be made
7326 Penstock and turbine inlet in accordance with TS 12837 : 1989.
( Part 1 ) : 1992 butterfly valves for hydro- 4.2 Speed
power stations and systems:
Part 1 Criteria for structural 4.2.1 Rated head and output per machine being
and hydraulic design known, suitable speeds rrom economical
considerations may be decided in consultation
12837 : 1989 Hydraulic turbines for
with the manufacturer.
medium and large hydro-
electric powel houses - - 4.2.2 Alternatively, speed can be detcrmi~~etl by
Guidclincs for selection the following steps.

7332 Spherical valves for hydro- 4.2.2.1 Determine trial specific speed by Fig. I
( Fart 1 ) : 1991 power stations and systems: corresponding to available rated head of site.
Part 1 Criteria for structural
and hydraulic design 4.2.2.2 After ascertaining trial specific speed as
mentioned in the foregoing para. trial synchro-
3 TERMINOLOGY 110~s speed/rotational speed II can bc computed
from the following formula:
3.0 For the purpose of this standard, the defini-
tionsgiven in IS 4410 ( Part IO ) : 1988, IS 7418 :
1991 and following should apply.
 .

IS 12800 ( Part 1 ) : 1993

where 4.2.3 After determining the rated speed as

mentioned above, the specific speed can be
II, = trial specific speed. determined by the formula given in 3.1.
: 000 4.2.4 If on . account of heavy silt abrasion is
apprehended then a lower value may be
adopted.
600
500 4.3 Turbine Setting
400 4.3.1 In reaction turbines, the setting of turbine
with respect of minimum tail water level should
be fixed from the consideration of cavitation.
The suction height of distributor centre line
* 200 above the minimum tail water level can be
w determined from the following formula:
H, < H,, -- oH - Hv
g
where
z 100
9 Ha s Suction head in metres;
I
Hb =
.
Barometric pressure in metres of
2 water column;
s!
e 50 H, = Vapour pressure; and
G
(r 40 ( In the absence of specific data the
value of Hb - H, can be determined
30 from Fig. 2 for a given altitude above
mean sea level and for a given tempera-
20 ture which is generally taken as 30C. )
0= Thomas cavitation coefficient, which
can be obtained from Fig. 3A and
Fig. 3B.
10 The positive value of Hs indicates that the
50 100 200 300 400 500 1 cm centre line of the distributor may be placed
up to Ha metres above the minimum tail water
SPECIFIC SPEED (ns~ level. The negative value of Hs indicates that
FIG. 1 REL.~TIONSHIPBETWEENSPECIFIC SPBED the centre line of the distributor is to be placed
AND RATBDHEAD at an elevation of at least HB metres below
minimum tail water level.
4.2.2.3 The rotational/synchronous/rated speed
of the turbine in revolutions per minute is
determined from the following formula:*
60 x f
Hated speed in r.p.m, II - ~---
P
where
$ a.5
.f = frequency ia cycles per second ( In
Indian Power systems, frequency - % a
50 cycles per second ), and 5
]J - number of pairs of pOkS.
The selection of rated speed by the above ;
formula is subject lo the following considera- $ 7
lions:
-; 65
a) An even number of pairs of poles should
be preferred for the generator, through
standard generators with odd number of 6
pairs of poles are also available; and z! ~~~~;~
g
If the head is expected to vary less than - r 7 7. <\1
h)
10% from the design head, the next ALflTClDE
ABOVESEA LEVEL (metres)
greater speed should be chosen. A head FIG. 2 HEIGHT OF BAROMETRIC: WATER COLUMN
varying in excess of 10% from the design AT DIFFERENTTEMPERATURES OF WATERAND
head suggests the next lower speed. ALTITuDBS Anov~ SRA L~VFI.
2
 IS 12800 ( Part 1 ) : 1993

600

60

':04 006 008 01 02 03

THOMAS COEFFICIENT

FIG. 3A THOMAS COEFFICIENTAT DIFFBRL~NT

SPECIFICSPEEDFOR FRANCIS TURBINE

ooc
800

600

500

400

0.3 04 05 06 07 08 09 10

THOMAS COEFFICIENT (0 1

FIG. 3B THOMAS COEFFICIENTFOR DIPFBRBNTSPECIFICSPEEDFOR KAPLAN TURBINES

4.3.2 In case the turbine setting, to have a is shown in Fig. 5 for Kaplan turbines and in
cavitation free runner at a given specific speed, Fig. 6 for Francis turbines.
is found to be very low resulting in uneconomi-
4.4.2 The other runner dimensions of Francis
cal construction of power house, the specific
turbine indicated in Fig. 4 may be obtained
speed may be reduced by decreasing the speed
with respect to the diameter D3 and specific
of rotation. speed 17~ from the curves shown in Fig. 7.
4.4 Runner 4.5 Spiral Casing
4.4.1 The runner discharge diameter LJ~ for 4.5.1 Mefallic Spiroi Ccrsitrg
Francis turbine and runner diameter & for
Kaplan turbine ( shown in Fig. 3 ) are both Metallic spiral casing should bc ur;ecl for gross
determined by the peripheral velocity cocffi- heads generally above 30 metrcs. The major
cient K,, which is defined as: dimensions of the spiral casing indicated in
Fig. 8 may be obtained as a function of YIP,
x D I18 refcrrcd to runner diameter I>, or D!: from the
curves shown in Fig. 9 and 10.

where D is & ia case of Francis turbine and D,:

in case of Kaplan turbine. Concrete spiral casing shouid bc designed in
accordance with lS 7418 : 1991. lhc radius I( OF
The relationship between specific speed ( 11,) of the inlet portion and the \l;idth B of the open
machine and peripheral vclocit> coefficient ( KU ) portion of the casing, indicxtcd in Fig. 1 I can

3
X$ 12800 ( Part 1 ) : 1993

KAPLAN -lbRBINE

FIG. 4 TYPICAL SHAPES OF REACTION TURBINE RUNNERS

22

2.0

18

1.6

14

1.2
300 400 500 fml 7OCJ 800 900 1000 11x

SPECIFIC SPEED rli

FIG. 5 RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SPECIFIC SPEED ( nH) AND PBRIPHERAL VHL()~~TY

COEFFICIENT k',,
FOR KAPLI\N TURBINE
 IS 12800 ( Part 1 ) : 1993

06

0 100 20Q 300 400 500

SPECIFIC SPEED ns

FIG. 6 RELATIONSHIP BETWBEN SPECIFIC SPBED ( ns ) AND PBRIPHBRAL VBLOCITY

COEFFICIENT K, FOR FRANCIS TURBINE

2.0

18

16

14

12

10

0.8

0.6

0.4

02

0.0
50 150 200 250
SPECIFIC SPEED n,

FIG. 7 RUNNBR DIMBNSIONS WITH RESPWT TO THE DIAMETER L+ AND SPBCIFIC SPEED
FOR FRANCIS TURBINE

5
IS 12800 ( Part 1 ) : 1993

5 MAIN PARAMETERS OF HYDRO-

GENERATORS
5.1 Air Gap Diameter ( D, )
5.1.1 The air gap diameter ( see Fig. 13 and 14 )
can be determined from the following criteria:
a) The air gap diameter D, should be large
enough to allow the turbine runner top
cover to pass through the stator bore.
This condition is likely to be limiting
only with large Kaplan turbines of low
speed where a clearance of at least 5 cm
should be allowed.
3 The maximum value of air gap diameter
D, is governed by the maximum permissi-
ble stresses in the rotor parts and rim and
these are directly linked with the peri-
pheral velocity on runaway speed.
Assuming the runaway ratio to be 1.85 to
2.3 for Francis turbine and 2.3 to 3.2 for
Kaplan turbine ( higher speed ratio for
lower head ) the value of maximum
peripheral rotor velocity V, at rated
speed can be read from Fig. 15.

& 2.6
++----I : m 2.4

I- D-1 - 5-J g
5
22
20
FIG. 8 MAJOR DIMENSIONSOF THE SPIRAL 5 16

CASING 5 16

I 1.4
be determined by the following formula:
:0 12
R = 1.6 D1, and
B = R + KD1. 5 10
where 2 0.8
u OGL A I I / I
K = 0.95 for # = 180 to 200, and a 50 100 150 200 2% 300 350
03
K = 1.1 for 4 = 200 to 225. SPECIFIC SPEtD 71s

The equation of semispiral is given below:

P = K1 - KI -8
where
P= radius of curvature of the semi-
spiral at an angle 8 in radians, and
KI, K, = constants.
The values of constants K1 and K, can be
evaluated by the following conditions:
14
P = R at 0 = O, and
w 12
P- 0.5 x stayvane outside diameter at 0,
10
0 = 4. 5
4' 08
Stayvane outside diameter is F as determined cc
7 06
from Fig. 10. 50 100 150 200 250 'cjr, :;,r)

4.6 Draft Tube SPFCIFIC SPEED -:

Major dimensions of the draft tube are given in FIG, 9

SPIRAL CASING DINENSIONS WII II
Fig. 12 and should be determined in accordance RESPECT TO RUNNER DIAMETERD, OR I),( AND
with IS 5496 : 1969. SPECIFIC:SPEED 11~
6
 IS 12800 ( Part 1 ) : 1993

This curve relates to sheet steels having a yield

point of 525 N/mm*. For better quality steels
peripheral velocity be increased in direct ratio
of yield strength. The peripheral velocity thus
settled, the value of D, in metres can be
obtained from the following formula:
&=60x v,
TE 12
where
v, = maximum peripheral velocity in
metreslsec, and
1 OF GUIDE APPARATUS
n = rated speed of machine in r.p.m. ----_-__

a
& 3.0
2 2.8

2 2.6
L 2.4
6 2.2
z! 2.0

i 1.8
1.6
-+-----I
ii H = Depth of the draft tube
1.4
4 L = Length of the draft tube
1.2
B = Width of the draft tube
ii 1.0
a
ul 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 FIG. 12 MAJOR DIMENSIONSOF DRAFT TUBE
SPECIFIC SPEED ns
5.2 Outer Core Diameter ( D, )
Outer core diameter Do of the stator ( see Fig.
r\
13 and 14 ) can be determined by the following
r: formula:
8 1.1
0)
g 0.9
1.0 D,, = D, (1 +-$-)metres
where
g
L 0.7
0.8
p = number of pairs of poles.

zi 0.6
I
ii 0.5
; 0.4

0 03
$-f 0.2
I I I
n
U? 50 100 150 200 250 300 350

SPECIFIC SPEED ns
FIG. 10 SPIRAL CASING DIMENSIONS WITH
RESPECTTO RUNNER DIAMETER& OR Dn AND
SPECIFICSPEEDns

FIG. 11 CONCRETESPIRAL CASING FIG. 13 SUSPENDED

TYPE CONSTRUCTION

7
 .
IS 12800 ( Part 1) : 1993

can be determined by adding 2.3 to 2.8 metres

IO the stator frame across flat dimensions ( Df )
i.e.
D, = ( D, + 2.3 to 2.8 ) metres
= ( D, + 3-S to 4.0 ) metres
Db = ( De + l-6 to 2.0 ) metres
= ( D, + 2.8 to 3.2 ) metres
,
i i
I

I I 5.5 Core Length of Stator ( L, )

5.5.1 Core length of stator L, ( see Fig. 13
and 14 ) can be determined by the following
formula:

where
W = Rated KVA of machine, and
K, = Output coefficient to be determined
from Fig. 16.

5.6 Leogth of Stator Frame ( Lr )

FIG. 14 UMBRELLA/SEMI-UMBRELLA TYPE Length of stator frame Lf ( see Fig. 13 and 14 )
CONSTRUCTION can be determined by adding I.5 to I.6 metres
to the length of stator core i.e.
5.3 Stator Frame Diameter ( Df )
Lt = ( L, + 1.5 to 1.6 ) metres.
5.3.1 Stator frame diameter Df ( see Fig. 13
and 14 ) ( across flat dimension in case of 5.7 Height of Load Bearing Bracket ( h, )
polygonal shape ) can be determined by adding 5.7.1 Height of load bearing bracket Hj
1.2 metres to the outer core diameter, D, i.e. C see Fig. 13 and 14 ) can be determined by the
Df = ( Do + 1.2) metres. following formula:
__-.
5.4 Inner Diameter of Generator Barrel ( DI, ) hj = K V Df for suspended type construe-
tion, and
5.4.1 Inner diameter ( DI, ) of generator barrel
( see Fig. 13 and 14 - Inner dimensions across II~ = K 4 Dgfor umbrella type construc-
aat faces in case of polygonal shaped barrel ) tion.

NUMaER OF PAIRS OF POLES (P,

FIG. 15 MAXIMUM PEIUPHBRALROTOR VELOCI,~Y If, AT RATED SITED

8
 IS 12800 ( Part 1 ) : 3993

where 5.10 Weight of Generator Rotor

K = 0.65 for load of less than 50 tonnes per Weight W?: of generator rotor in relation with
arm of the bracket, air gap diameter DR and active core length LC
KG 0.75 for load of 50 to 100 tonnes per can be determined from Fig 18.
arm of the bracket, and 5.11 Weight of Turbine Runner
K I 0.85 for a load of 100 tonnes and
above per arm of the bracket. Weight of turbine runner can be determined
from Fig. 19A and 19B.
Load per arm of the bracket to be determined
as given hereunder. 5.12 Weight of machine rotating parts comprises
the weights of rotor and runner. Total axial
5.8 Number of Arms of Brackets load for use in the determination of height and
number of load bearing brackets should
The number of the arms of the bracket are to
comprise the hydraulic thrust and the weights
be decided on the basis of the total load on the
of rotor and runner.
thrust bearing that is maximum hydraulic thrust
of the turbine runner and weight of rotating
parts. Generally 4 to 8 arms of the bracket are 6 OVERALL DIMENSIONS OF POWER
taken. HOUSE

5.9 Axial Hydraulic Thrust 6.1 The overall dimensions of power house
mainly depend upon the following:
Axial hydraulic thrust P,< on ihe turbine runner
may be determined by the following formula: a) Overall dimensions of the turbine, draft
tube and scroll-case;
PH = K D,J H,,, in tonnes.
b) Overall dimensions of the generator;
where c) Number of units in the power house; 2nd
K= a constant to be determined from d) Size of the erection bay.
Fig. 17A and Fig. 17B,
NOTE -- Provision for inlel valve, erection 01 , otor
D1 = inlet diameter of runner in metres, and untanking of transformers should be made in
and such a \vay that the space required is minimum with-
out impairing the operational and maintenance
H max = maximum head in metres. requirements.
OUTPUT COEFFICIENT, l<o

171~;. 16 DETERMINATIONOF OUTPUT COBFFICIENT

IS 12800 ( Part 1 ) : 1993

0.40

0 35

0.30

0.25

0.20

0.15

0.10

0 05

0
50 100 150 200 250 300 350

SPECIFIC SPEED (n s)

FIG. 17A DETERMINATION OF AXIAL HYDRAULIC THRUST COEFFICIENT FOR FRANCIS TURBINE

1 I

I -

i-

)L

FIG. 17B DETERMIXATION OF AXIAL HYDRAULIC TI~RIJS~.COEFPXCIENT

FOR KAPLAN T~JRRINH
 IS 12800 ( Part 1 ) : 1993

8 10 12 14 it
2 4 6

AIR GAP DIAMETER (D Q ) IN METRES

FIG. 18 WEIGHT DkI OF GENERATOR ROTOR IN RELATION WITH AIR GAP DIAMETER D, AND
ACTIVE CORB LENGTH L,

6.2 Length of Power House
It depends upon the unit spacing, length of
erection bay and the length required for the
E.O.T. crane to handle the last unit.
6.2.1 Unit Spacing
For determining the distance between the
centre lines of the successive units? a plan
showing the overall dimensions of the spiral
casing, the draft-tube and the hydro-generator
should be drawn with respect to the vertical
axis of the machine. For determining the outer
dimensions of the generator barrel,- the inner
diameter of the generator barrel may be increa-
sed by 0.5 to 15 m depending upon the size of
the machine. A clearance of l-5 to 2.0 m should
be added on either side of the extremities of
the above drawn figures to determine the unit
spacing. These clearances should be such that
a concrete thickness on either side of scroll
case should be at least 2.0 to 2.5 m in case of
concrete scroll cases and 1.0 IO I.5 m in
case of fully-embedded steel scroll cases.

I I J (1 5 tl I a
RUNNER DIAMETER (Dl) IN METRES

FIG. 19A RELATIONSHIP kk'WREN RUNNERWI-IGHT AND RUNNER DIAMETER FOR

FRANCIS TURBINE

11
IS 12800 ( Part 1 ) : 1993
C
1 2
RUNNER DIAMETER
FIG. 19B RBLATIONSHIPBETWBBNRUNNER WEIGHT AND RUNNBRDIAMETERFOR KAPLAN TURBINES
6.2.2 The length of erection bay may be taken
as 1.0 to 1.5 times the unit bay size as per
erection requirements.
62.3 The total length L of the power
can then be determined as follows:
L = No x ( unit spacing ) + LB + K
where
N,, = Number of units,
L, = Length of erection bay, and
K = Length required for the E.O.T. crane
to handle the last unit. Depending
upon the number and size of the E.O.T.
crane, this length is usually 3.0 to
5.0 metres.
NOTE - IZ)lle to special topographical tail
conditions it may become necessary to provide
tionzl unloading bay at different levels.
6.3 Width of Power House Super structure
For determining the width of the power house
superstructure, the overall dimensions of the
spiral casing and the hydrogenerator may be
drawn with respect to the vertical axis of the
machine. Superstructure columns should be
clear of the downstream extremities of the
above drawn figure by about 2.0 to 2.5 metres.
3 4 5 6 7 6
(Dl) IN METRES
On the upstream side provision should be made
for the following:
a) A clearance of about I.5 to 2-O m for
houses concrete the upstream of scroll case;
b) A gallery of 1.5 to 2~0 m width for
approaching the draft tube manhole;
cl In case the main inlet valve is also
accommodated in the power house, a valve
pit of appropriate size should have to be
provided as per IS 7326 ( Part 1 ) : 1992
and IS 7332 ( Part 1 ) : 1991;
d) A clearance of about l-5 to 2.0 metres
for pressure relief valve in the scroll case,
if required; and
e) The spaces as indicated against item (a)
to (d) are supposed to be sufficient for
water
accommodating the auxiliary equipment
addi- also but may have to be reviewed con-
sidering the layout of essential equipment
and operational requirements.
6.3.1 The inlet valve gallery, if provided, can be
utilized for approaching the draft-tube man-hole
also and hence no separate gallery is needed for
this purpose.
6.3.2 The cirteria laid down in 6.3 gives the
internal width of the Power Honse ( exclutiing
column width ).
12
 .

IS 12800 ( Part 1) : 1993

6.4 Height of Power House 6.4.3 The height of the machine hall above the
6.4.1 The height of power house from the top bracket of the generator depends upon the
bottom of the draft-tube to the centre line of E.O.T. crane hook level and the correspondmg
the spiral casing H, ( see Fig. 20 ), can be E.O.T. crane rail level, and the clearance
determined in accordance with IS 5496 : 1969. required between the ceiling and the top of the
The thickness of the concrete below the lowest crane. Further the height should depend upon
point of draft-tube may be taken from 1.0 to the height of the service bay floor from where
2.0 m depending upon the type of foundation the equipment is to be handled.
strata, backfill conditions and size of the power
house. 6.4.3.1 The E.O.T. crane hook level and the
6.4.2 The height of power house from the corresponding crane rail level are determined
centre line of the spiral-casing up to the top of by providing adequate clearance for the
the generator H2 ( see Fig. 20 ) can be determi- following cases:
ned, as follows:
a) Hauling moving major items of equip-
H, = Lt + hj + K ment viz. turbine runners assembly, rotor
Lt and hj have been defined in 5.6 and 5.7.1 assembly and even entire generator
respectively. The value of K may be taken as stator.
5.5 to 7.0 depending upon the size of the
machine. b) Hauling the main transformer with
bushing into the erection bay under the
E.O.T. crane girder.

c) Clearance required for untaking of

transformers.

d) Unloading of largest package from the

trailors. A height of 7 to 8.5 metres be-
tween the top erection bay floor and the
highest hook level may be sufficient.

6.4.3.2 The height of the power house ceiling

above the highest level of the E.O.T. crane
hook may generally vary from 4 to 6.5 m depen-
ding upon the width of the power house super-
structure and capacity of E.O.T. crane. Keeping
a clearance of O-3 metre between the highest
part of the gantry crane and the ceiling of the
power house. A typical example for calculating
FIG. 20 CROSS SB~TION THROUGH GENERATING the overall dimensions of the power house is
UNIT given in Annex A.

ANNEX A
( Clause 6.4.3.2 )

TYPICAL EXAMPLE FOR CALCULATING THE OVERALL DIMENSIONS OF

POWER HOUSE

A-l DATA Barometric Pr-essure at Power IO m

House site
Type of Machine Francis Turbine Vapour Pressure at Power 0.4 m
Total Number of Machines 4 House site
Unit Capacity 100 MW Power Factor 0.9
Maximum Head 105 111 A-2 SYNCHRONOUS SPEED
Rated Head 100 m From Fig. 1, specific speed of machine may
Minimum Head 75 m be taken as 205.

13
 .
IS 12800 ( Part 1 ) : 1993

Synchronous speed of machine where

ns . Hbl4 H = 105 m,
=L/ P x l-358- n = 166.7, and
[ Same as adopted by IS 12800 ( Part 2) : 1989 1. Ku = from Fig. 6 corresponding to a specific
speed of 194 = 0.71
where
o3 60 ( 2 x 9.81 x 105 )O*t
_-.- x 0.71
n, = 205 r.p.m., :*
~-2.14 x 166.7
H = 100 m, and = 3.69 m.
Say 3.7 metres.
P= 100 xl OOOkW
A-5 DIMENSIONS OF SPIRAL CASE
:. Trial synchronous speed machine
205 x 1005/r As the gross head above the turbine is more
than 30 metres, metallic spiral casing should be
- v 106 x 1.358 used. The main dimensions of the spiral casin
= 176 r.p.m. as determined in accordance with Fig. 8, f
and 10 work out to be as shown below:
Synchronous speed for 18 pairs of poles
A = I.1 x 3.7 = 4.07 m
60 x 50
zzz - = 166.7 r.p.m. B = 1.39 x 3.7 = 5.14 m
18
c= I.57 x 3.7 = 5.81 m
Synchronous speed for 16 pairs of poles D = 1.74 x 3.7 = 6.44 m
60 x 50 E = 1.29 x 3.7 = 4.77 m
16 = 187.5 r.p.m.
F = 1.65 x 3.7 = 6.11 m
G = I.38 x 3.7 7 5.11 m
As the head variation from the rated head is
mOre than 10% lower synchronous speed i.e. a H 6 1.2 x 3.7 = 4.44 m
synchronous speed of 166.7 r.p.m. is being I- O-235 x 3.7 = 0.87 m
adopted. L = 0.98 x 3.7 - 3.63 m
:. Corrected specific speed M = O-61 x 3.7 = 2.26 m
166.7 4 106:358 ._ A-6 SIZE OF DRAFT-TUBE
= ____.~. cI 194
1005/4 The various dimensions of the draft-tube shown
in Fig. 12 as determined in accordance with
A-3 TURBINE SETTING IS 5496 : 1969 should be as below:
Height of draft-tube at exit end
Hs < Hb- aH-HH, h = 0.94 0s to 1.32 &.
Here As the specific speed of the turbine is on the
Hb = 10 m, lower side, h will be on the higher side.
Taking it _ 1.25 J!&, h = 1.25 x 3.7 =
H, = O-4 m 4.65 m
H = 105 m,.and Depth of draft tube Iit for Francis Turbine
= 2.5 to 3.0 Dy.
G m from Fig. 3 corresponding a specific
speed of 194 = 0.12 Taking H1 5 2.75 D3, NL = 10.2 m.
Length of draft-tube Z_ = 4 to 5 &.
:. Hs < IO - 0.12 x 105 - 0.4 m
Taking L = 4.5 Dj, L r 4.5 x 3.7 =
< - 3-O m. 16.70 m.
Cleat width B of the druft-tube at exit end
With a further margin of 0.5 met% the centre = 2.6 to 3.3 Da.
line of the distributor should be set 3-O + 0.5
= 3.5 metres below minimum tailrace level as
defined in 3.2. Since the clear width of the draft-tube is cxces-
sive, a pier til 1.5 metros \vidth shuulti be
A-4 SIZE OF RUNNER
introduced in the cenlrc of the drnft-tube. The
Discharge diameter, & =- 6o ( 2 gH)6~& as in total width of the ciraft-tub: n.iII. t!l~.l.,, be
7xI1 12.5 m.
IS 12800 ( Part 2 ) : 1989. Since, power 111kW :: 9.R x Q x i/ :c .,.,

14
 IS 12800 ( Part 1 ) : 1993

where W
A-7.5 Core length of stator Lc) = K. Dg I,
Q = discharge in cumecs,
H= rated head in metres, and where
r) = efficiency of machine. W = 11000 kVA,
Assuming efficiency of machine to be 0.9, K,, = 6.6 ( from Fig. 16 ),
100 x 1__---_
000 Dg = 8.1 metre
e = -!GG_._x 100 x 0.9
= 113.5 cumecs
II = 166.7 r.p.m.
:. Velocity at the exit end of draft-tube, 11 000
:. L, =
6.6 x (8.1) x 166.7 = 154m
V, = -a-&$-ic = 2.219 m/set.
Say 1.5 m
IO accordance with 2.5 of IS 5496 : 1969, mini- A-7.6 Length of stator frame ~~9
mum submergence at the outlet end of draft-
tube should be greater than 0.3 metre, or c L, + 1.5 to 1.6 m
Vc E 1.5 + 1.5 = 3.0 m
___ i e i_?f??.F -_ O-251 nl
2g 2 x 9.81 A-7.7 Axial hydraulic thrust PH = KD$ Hmax
Say 0.3 m. in tonnes,
Keeping bed slope 1 vertical to 10 horizontal at where
the bottom of the draft-tube, the exit end of K = 0.19 from Fig. 17,
draft-tube will be 1.67 metres above the bottom
of draft-tube. Ds = 3.7 m, and
H max - 105 m.
:. Top of exit end of draft-tube will be
1.67 + d1.65 = 6.32 m above the bottom :. PlI = 0.19 x 3.7 x 105 = 273 tonnes.
of the draft-tube.
A-7.8 Weight of generator rotor Wn - 225 x
Since height of draft-tube below centre line of 1.5 tonnes ( from Fig. 18 ) - 338 tonnes
guide apiaratus is 10.2 metres and the centre
line of guide apparatus itself is 3.5 metres below A-7.9 Weight of turbine runner = 23 tonnes
minimum tail water level, the top of the exit ( from Fig. 19 ).
end of draft-tube will be ( 3.5 + 10.2 - 6.32 ) A-7.10 Height of load bearing bracket hi =
= 7.38 metres below minimum tail water level,
which is in order. Total weight of rotating parts + axial thrust
= 338 + 23 f 273 w 634 tonnes.
A-7 GENERATOR PARAMETERS Let there be 6 arms in the bearing bracket,
A-7.1 Air Gap Diameter DR 634
Load on each arm - 6 = 105.7
Total number of pair of poles = 18
Say 106 tonnes.
Rated kVA of generator = 100 000/o-9
= 111 000. Height of load bearing bracket hj = K J-i%
From Fig. 15, Da = 8-i m for suspended type construction, and
= JKZ, for umbrella type construction
A-7.2 Outer core diameter D,
where
G I); ( 1 + -5 ) metres K- 0.85 ( see 5.7.1 ).
:. hj = 0.85 dlO = 2.64 for suspended type
_ 8.1 2x18)
1 1. _.XP = 8,807 m construction, and

-_.
Say 8.8 metres. = 0.85 4 8.1 == 2.42 for umbrella type
construction.
A-7.3 Stator frame diameter Df
= D, + 1.2 metres A-8 OVERALL DIMENSIONS OF POWER
= 8.8 t_ l-2 = IO.0 m. STATION
A-7.4 Inner diameter of generator barrel Db in accordance
A-8.1 From Fig. 21 drawn
- D, + I.6 to 2.0 m with 6.2.1, the extremities of scroll case/draft
_: IO.0 + l-8 = 11.8 m. tube/generator in longitudinal direction are at

15
IS 12800( Part 1 ) : 1993

7-l 15 on spiral inlet side and 6.5 m on opposite generator barrel ) + 4.00 ( For accommodating
side of the transverse centre line of the machine. control valve; the same space can also be used
Adding l-5 to 2 metres to these dimensions, the for approaching draft-tube ) = 10.5 m.
size of the unit bay in longitudinal direction or
unit spacing work out to be 17 metres. A-8.2 Total height of machine ( see Fig. 20 )
Length of erection bay = 0.7 to I.5 times the = HI + H,
unit bay size = 1 x 17 = 17 m. From the size of draft-tube as already calcula-
Space required for the E.O.T. crane to handle ted in A-6, HI - 10.2 m.
the last unit will depend upon the number and Hz = Lr + hi + K ( see 6.4.2 ).
size of the crane. For preliminary purpose
assuming it to be 3 to 5 metres ( 4 metres in the As already calculated, Lr = 3.0 metres and
present case). hj = 2.69 ( For suspended type machine ).
Total length of power station = 4 x 17 + 17 K = 5.5 to 7.0, Say 6.0 m.
+ 4 = 89 m.
:. H, = 3.0 + 2.69 + 6 :-= 11.69 m.
From Fig. 21 and 22 and 6.3, the distance of the
inner face of downstream columns from the :. Total height of machine IO.2 -i- 1 I.69 -
longitudinal centre line of machine works out 21.89 m.
to be 6.5 + ( 1.5 to 2.0, Say 2.0 ) = 8.5 m.
A-8.3 Total height of machine hall will depend
Distance of the inner face of upstream columns upon type of foundation, height of E.O.T.
from the longitudinal centre line of machine crane, size of assemblies, type of roof and can
= 6.5 ( extremity of draft-tube/scroll-case/ be determined accordingly.

All dimensions in millimetrrs.

FIG. 21 PLAN SHOWING MAIN DIMENSIONS OF UNIT BAY

16
 IS 12800 ( Part 1 ) : 1993

--lo75o~-+.-d35oo
--13500--y SPIRALCASING
n

<ENSTOCK
Y

All dimensions in millimetres.

FIG. 22 CROSS SECTIONOF POWERHOUSE

17
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