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: :
Terminal units
.
Concealed static head
.
-1
-2
-3
-4
-5
-6
-7
:
-
.
- .
-
face velocity 2.5-1.5/ 2.2-5
.fps
- wet coils
fins , sensible
dry coil
.
- BPF or by pass factor
.
-
BPF .
- wet coils RH 90%
.
- 1.5-3.3/ fps 5-1
.erosion
wet coils :
Chillers -3
, :
Vapor-compression refrigeration(VCRS) -1
Air cooled condenser chiller -1
( ) :
chiller
:
VCRS Chillers
COP -
)Cop=Te/ (Tc-Te
------Te
------Tc
Vapor-absorption refrigeration(VARS) -2
% 3
- VCRS 253-153/ .
- VARS 33-11 ,
VCRS 27-23 .
- VARS VARS .
- Crystallization
.
- vaccum leak
Purge
.
-1
-2
-3
-4
-5
chillers
%73 %53
.
VARS Chillers
COP -
]Cop=[Te/ (Ta-Te)][(Tg-Ta)/ Tg
-------Te
-------Ta
------- Tg
EER -
EER=COP*3.41
Cooling towers -4
chillers
.
chillers
.chillers
Sand filter
.
chiller
.
Pump system -5
chiller :
Positive displacement -
Roto-dynamic -
Axial pumps .1
Centrifugal .2
.
.1
:
.Mixed or radial or axial
:
Vertical or horizontal
coupling :
Closed coupled -
).(casing
Long coupled -
.
.multi-stages or single stages
casing split case
.hermetic sealed
:
.2
System and characteristic curve definition
characteristic curve
.
Bernoulli equation -
- :system curve
Characteristic curve -
static head
.
NPSH required -
NPSH available -
.NPSH required
.1-
H b is atmospheric pressure
NPSH available
, H
H
)(H max=H
:
%73
.%53
.
Expansion tank -6
-
Make up .
-
:
Net Expansion of water in chilled and dual temperature systems with lowest
)temperature of 40 o F (4o C
Highest Factor
o
Temperature, F e
90 0.0041
100 0.0058
110 0.0077
120 0.0100
130 0.0124
140 0.0150
150 0.0179
160 0.0209
Water softener -7
-
-
.4gpH / Ton
Air separator -8
chiller .
: :
:
-1 13-12 55-54 .
-2 7 44 .
52 .
: chillers
55 chiller 25 .