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X = concentration, ( )
kg lb
kg lb
V = vapor
S = steam
hfg = heat of vaporization of steam, J
kg
( Btulb ) w = water
hg = enthalpy of vapor phase, J
kg
( Btulb )
Assume: zero boiling point rise, cp,solids = 0.35 Btu/lbF, cp,w = 1 Btu/lbF.
1
Starting with the feed flow stream and working counterclockwise gives the energy balance:
m F (0.935 Btu/lbF)(80F 32F) + 1000 lb/h(952.16 Btu/lb) =
m P (0.74 Btu/lbF)(120F 32F) + m V (1113.7 Btu/lb) (1)
(where TF = TF 32F and TP = TP 32F to agree with the English unit steam tables reference
point of 32F). A mass balance on the solids yields:
(0.1 lb/lb) m F = (0.4 lb/lb) m P (2)
The total mass balance gives:
m F = m V + m P (3)
These three simultaneous equations in m F , m P , and m V can be solved by the method of your
choice. Substituting equations 2 and 3 into equation 1 gives:
(179.52 Btu/lb) m P + 952,160 Btu/h = (65.12 Btu/lb) m P + (3341.1 Btu/lb) m P
Product Rate
m P = 295. lb/h = 0.0372 kg/s
m F = R X m P
XP
m V = ( R X 1) m P , where, RX
XF
You can now substitute the problem data into these equations to get m P and other values. For
one time calculations, it may be more convenient to solve the simultaneous equation with the
numerical values already substituted (your calculator or a spreadsheet can do this). However,
judicious substitutions, like RX above, can make the pure algebra method relatively painless.