Part 1: Mohrs Circle for Stages 2 and 3

(a) Largest Mohrs effective stress circle with the pole with regard to plane indicated.

Stage 2:
u = 60kPa; x = 110kPa; y = 110kPa; z = 160kPa;
* Shear stress are all zero at this stage.

= u;
x = 110 60 = 50kPa
y = 110 60 = 50kPa
z = 160 60 = 100kPa

The following figure is the plot of the Mohrs effective stress circle using the points, (x, xy): (50, 0)
and (z, yx): (100, 0).

Figure 1 Mohrs circle for Stage 2

Stage 3:
u = 60kPa; x = 140kPa; y = 135kPa; z = 180kPa;
* Shear Stresses in all planes, = 20MPa

= u;
x = 140 60 = 80kPa
y = 135 60 = 75kPa
z = 180 60 = 120kPa
The following figure is the plot of the Mohrs effective stress circle using the points, (y, ): (75, -20)
- since it is lower magnitude between x and y thus producing a larger diameter circle - and (z, ): (120,
20).
 Figure 2 Mohrs circle for Stage 3

(b) Magnitudes of 1 and 3

Stage 2:

Graphical Solution to the Mohrs circle shown in Figure 1 revealed the following values:

1 = 100kPa
3 = 50kPa

The above values can also be calculated analytically by using the center (C) and the radius (R) of the
Mohrs circle expressed in the following relationship:

1 1
= 2
{( )2 + ( )2 } = 2 {(100 50)2 + (0 0)2 } = 25kPa

+ 100+50
= 2
= 2
= 75kPa

1 = C + R = 75 + 25 = 100kPa
3 = C - R = 75 25 = 50kPa

Stage 3:

Graphical Solution to the Mohrs circle shown in Figure 1 revealed the following values:

1 = 127.6kPa
3 = 67.4kPa

The above values can also be calculated analytically by using the center (C) and the radius (R) of the
Mohrs circle expressed in the following relationship:
 1 1
=
2
{( )2 + ( )2 } = 2 {(120 75)2 + (20 (20))2 } = 30.10kPa

+ 120+75
= = = 97.5kPa
2 2

1 = C + R = 97.5 + 30.104 = 127.6kPa

3 = C - R = 97.5 30.10 = 67.4kPa

(c) Direction of 1 measured clockwise from vertical

The following values are obtained based on graphical solution using Mohrs circle:

Stage 2: = 0
Stage 3: = 20.8

Part 2: Effective Stress paths q p followed between Stage 1 to 3.

( + + )
= 3
q = 1 3 = 1 3

Stage 1:
(0+ 0 + 0)
= 3
= 0kPa
q = 0 0 = 0kPa

Stage 2:
(50+ 50 + 100)
= 3
= 66.67kPa
q = 100 50 = 50kPa

Stage 3:
(80+ 75 + 120)
= = 91.67kPa
3
q = 127.6 67.4 = 60.2kPa

Figure 3 Effective stress path from stage 1 to 3

Part 3: Youngs Modulus and Poissons ratio

 Let:
@ Original condition @ Application of load increment
z1 = 1 160kPa z = 20kPa
x = y = 3 = 110kPa z2 = z1 + z = 1 = 160 + 20 = 180kPa
x = y = 3 = 110kPa
Sample Height: 110.00mm Sample Height: 99.80mm
Sample Diameter: 50.00mm Sample Diameter: 50.03mm

100.0099.80
Axial strain, a = 100.00
= 0.002 (compression)

50.0050.03
Radial Strain, r = = -0.0006 (the negative sign indicates the direction of deformation is
50.00
opposite to axial stain: expansion)

1 3 180110
= = = 35000
0.002

.0006
=
= 0.002
= 0.30

Part 4: Strains x, y, z and zx generated between Stages 2 and 3.

From Part 1, the following are the effective stress conditions:

Stage 2: Stage 3:
x = 110 60 = 50kPa x = 140 60 = 80kPa
y = 110 60 = 50kPa y = 135 60 = 75kPa
z = 160 60 = 100kPa z = 180 60 = 120kPa

Setting Stage 2 as initial condition, the change in stresses are:

x = 80 50 = 30kPa (compression)
y = 75 50 = 25kPa (compression)
z = 120 100 = 20kPa (compression)

1 1
=

{ } = 35000 {30 (0.30)(25) (0.30)(20)} = 0.00047
1 1
=
{ + } = 35000 {(0.30)30 + (25) (0.30)(20)} = 0.00029
1 1
=
{ + } = 35000 {(0.30)30 (0.30)(25) + (20)} = 0.00010

Assuming a unit cube of soil:

0.00010 0.00047
=
+
= 1
+ 1
= 0.00057

Part 5: Mohrs stain circle for the deformation within z-x plane

From Part 4:

= 2 = 0.000285
The Mohrs strain circle in the following figure is generated using the following points: (z, -zx) =
(0.00010, -0.000285) and (x, zx) = (0.00047, 0.000285).
 Figure 4 Mohrs strain circle

Part 6: Largest compressive normal strain

Graphical solution, using Mohrs circle revealed that the largest normal strain, 1 = 0.00062 at an
angle = 28.5 from the vertical as shown in Figure 4.
Analytical solution to the same problem utilizes the radius (R) and center (C) of the Mohrs strain
circle in the using the following expressions:
1
= = 2 {(0.00047 0.00010)2 + (0.000285 (0.000285))2 } = 0.000339

0.00047+0.00010
= = 0.000285
2

1 = C + R = 0.000285 + 0.00034 = 0.00062

The direction can be calculated using the central angle of the circle is which equal to 2, such that:

0.000285
sin 2 = 0.000339
, which gives = 28.607, slight difference in magnitude from graphical solution can be
attributed to round-off errors.

Part 7: Plot of the effective stresses in Stage 1-3 onto the -plane

The following figure represents the 3-D view of the -plane shown in circular form. This figure was
generated by manually drawing the figure using Sketchup 2017 (a 3D CAD tool).
Figure 5 Plot of effective stress from stage 1 to 3 onto the -plane