I.

General information
Phytochemical Screening and In vitro evaluation of antimicrobial property of the
leaves of Wild pandan tree Sararanga Philippinensis(Pandanaceae)

Acosta,Joanne Patricia D.

Agualin,Reina D.

Padua,Charlene N.

II. Background and rationale

Medicinal plant are considered as rich resources of ingredients used in drug development that
lead to the emergence with the use and search for drugs and dietary supplements in these past
few years. According to World Health Organization about eighty percent of people worldwide
depend on herbal medicines for their primary health care needs thats why many scientist
worldwide and also here in the Philippines are focused on the phytochemical screening and
identification of leadcompound which could be used for drug development that may help for
the treatment of many diseases including the infectious one.Aside from therapeutic uses
medicinal plants also have economic contribution in developing countries like India and
Philippines.

One of the global issue today is the gradual increase in the occurrence of bacterial and
fungal infection and development of microbial resistance to antibiotic worldwide.Locally
akapulko,bawang,bayabas,lagundi,and tsaang gubat are classified among the ten medicinal
plant endorsed by the Department of Health exhibit a good antimicrobial property.Aside from
the mention plantPiper betle(Ikmo),Mitrephora lanotan(Lanotan),Zingiber officinale
(Luya),Tinosporo rumphii (Makabuhay),Phyllanthus niruri(Sampa-sampalukan) and Centella
asiatica(Takip kuhol),are some examples of medicinal plant widely distributed in the
Philippines that possess an anti microbial property.Constituents such as alkaloids,essential
oils,and tannins of these plants are responsible for their antimicrobial properties.Constitutents
like essential oil are the volatile liquid of the secondary metabolism of aromatic plants.They
termed essential because they represent the most important plant part. Essential oils are
capable of inhibiting a broad range of microorganism.It was found that several of the essential
oils confer antimicrobial activity by damaging the cell wall and membrane, leading to cell lysis,
leakage of cell contents, and inhibition of proton motive force In addition, there is evidence that
they effectively kill bacteria without promoting the acquisition of resistance. The effect of
essential oil on human health is the result of their ability to damage and penetrate the cell wall
and membrane of microorganism.Aside from the mentioned plants, there are a lot more
medicinal plants that exhibit a good antimicrobial property and one of which is in the family
Pandanaceae.

The family Pandanaceae is in the major group Angiosperms (Flowering plants).That

consist of five genera such as Pandanus,Freycinetia,Benstonea,Martellidendron,and
Sararanga.Pandanaceae species are distributed in areas in the tropics and subtropics of the Old
World (Paleotropics). They are abundant in the Malay Archipelago, Malaysia, and Madagascar
and have a few species in Hawaii, New Zealand, southern China, and Japan. It can also be
found in warm temperate to tropical regions of southwest Africa, India to Thailand, Australia
and Philippines.
 The pandanus oils have been used traditionally for earache, headache, arthritis, debility,
giddiness, laxative, rheumatism, smallpox. Some species like Pandanus tectorius have been
researched and found out that the fruits is rich in phenolic content and potent as antioxidant and
antibacterial agents.(Kumar and Sanjeeva, 2011)Pandanus tectorius leaves are rich with essential
oils contained, such as ether (37.7%), terpene-4-ol (18.6%), -terpineol (8.3%), 2-phenylethyl
alcohol (7.5%), benzyl benzoate (11%), viridine (8.8%), and germacrene (8.3%) together with
small amount of benzyl salicylate, benzyl acetate, and benzyl alcohol.
Aside from the mention plants above Sararanga philippinensis also known as wild
pandan tree which believed to exhibit a good antmicrobial property it is locally available in
Philippines and widely distributed in Luzon (Quezon, Camarines Norte, Albay, Sorsogon,
Sibuyan, Samar, Dinagat) and in Mindanao (Bukidnon, Surigao del Sur).
Since the genus of pandanus has been researched for many times and it is well studied
among the genera of pandanacea.The researcher intend to study Sararanga philippinensis which
is among the genera of pandanacea doesnt have established study
The researchers are to study Sararanga philippinensis for its constituents and antimicrobial
property.
The researchers are setting a target on determining the different issues through the following
statements:
1. To determine if the leaf extracts of Sararanga philippinensis has a possible antimicrobial
property by testing the presence of alkaloids,essential oil,flavanoids,tannins.
2. To determine secondary metabolites present in the leaf extracts of Sararanga philippinensis
by subjecting it to other tests under phytochemical screening.
3. To evaluate that the leaf extracts of Sararanga philippinensis has an antimicrobial property
via in vitro evaluation through disc diffusion and broth dilution test
III. Goals and objectives
The study aims to contribute for additional knowledge as well as the
determination of the possible active constituent for the antimicrobial effect of
Sararanga philippinensis.Also to determine the possible therapeutic use similar
to other species within the Pandanaceae family.
Objectives:
At the end of the research the researchers should be able:
1. Todeterminethepossible antimicrobial property through the presence of
alkaloids,essential oil,flavanoids and tannins.
2. To determine other secondary metabolite present in the plant extract.
3. To evaluate the antimicrobial property.

IV. Design

V. Methodology

VI. Safety of research subjects/participants:

Where any Specific Requirements applicable to the dealings conflicts with a General
Requirement, the Specific Requirement prevails.
Labelling
A person or accredited organisation supplying the GMO for transport must label the material
to be transported in a manner capable of notifying any other handler of the material that the
item to be transported is, or contains a GMO.

Where transport is being undertaken by a service provider then the outermost container must
be labelled to clearly show the name, address and contact details of the sender, so that the
sender can be contacted should the container be lost, damaged or misdirected.

Loss, spill or escape of GMOs during transport

In the event of the escape, unintentional release, spill, leak, or loss of GMOs,
including failure of the GMOs to be delivered to the recipient:
efforts must be implemented as soon as reasonably practicable to locate and/or retrieve the
GMOs and return the GMOs to containment or render them non-viable; and the incident must
be reported to the Regulator as soon as reasonably practicable.

Accounting requirements
Procedures must be in place to ensure that all GMOs or the number of primary
containers of cultures of GMOs transported, can be accounted for and that a loss of GMOs
during transport, or the failure of delivery, can be detected. These procedures must be
implemented for all transport events, except where transport takes place entirely within a
building and the GMOs are accompanied by a person mentioned in an IBCs record of
assessment as having the appropriate training and experience to deal with the GMOs at all
times.
Security arrangements
Access to the GMOs must be restricted, by any means that is effective, to only a
person or class of persons mentioned in an IBCs record of assessment as having the
appropriate training and experience to deal with the GMOs. This include
situations where containers are left for collection in a loading area, or left
unattended prior to decontamination.

NOTE: Access in such cases could be restricted, for example, by keeping the
containers in a locked area until collection.

Decontamination of containers
The external surface of the outermost container must be decontaminated prior to transport.

NOTE: Where appropriate, visual inspection of the container(s) may be used to confirm
whether decontamination is necessary (e.g. in the case of macroscopic organisms which
are easy to see).

Containers must be decontaminated after transport.

Packaging with coolants

If the material being transported is to be cooled using dry ice, liquid nitrogen or any
other coolant that will release a gas, then a mechanism to allow the escape of the gas must
be included. If water ice is used as a coolant then the outer packaging should be constructed
so as to prevent any leakage. All containers must be able to withstand the temperatures to
which they will be subjected.

The following requirements, in addition to the General Requirements (Part 1.1.1), apply
to the transport of GM micro-organisms (including GM or non- GM plants or GM or
non-GM animals containing GM micro-organisms) to which Part 1.1 of these guidelines
apply.

Containment
GM micro-organisms to be transported, including plants or animals containing GM
micro-organisms, must be wholly contained inside a sealed, unbreakable primary container.

Labelling
Animals containing GM micro-organisms or their containers must be tagged or
labelled so as to indicate that they contain GMOs. Large animals, such as pigs, sheep,
cattle etc., must be individually tagged (e.g. by microchip, tattoos, ear tags or ear notches).
Plants containing GM micro-organisms or their containers must be tagged or labelled
so as to indicate that they contain GMOs.

Decontamination of material transported with GM micro-organisms

Any materials transported with the GM micro-organisms (such as soil, anti-
desiccation agents or soil substitute in the case of plants, or bedding materials or feed in
the case of animals) must be either retained with the organisms under containment or
decontaminated after transport has occurred.

VII. Data management and statistical analysis

The data will be statistically evaluated using analysis of variance (ANOVA)

Problems anticipated (if any)

There are no problem anticipated by the researchers.
VIII. Disclosure of potential conflict of interest
There are no potential conflict of interest
IX. Financing of project and other support
 The research is self-finance all the expenses to be use in the research is shouldered to
the research members.

X. Collaboration with other scientists or research institutions (if any).

The reseachers will not be collaborating with other scientist or research institutions.
XI. Referenrences
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