ethnographic paradigm

200145

cross-cultural studies

ethnography

Bronislaw
MalinowskiTrobriand Island

15


(participant observation) (in-depth

interview) (Spradley, 1980)
200146

(field work)

200147

(Bernard, 1988

() (informal interview)

16


() (unstructured interview)


() (semi-structured interview)



() (structured interview)

200148

informants
research participants

1993199419992001
199719961996Fetterman1989
2000

cultural knowledge
1871 E.B.Tylor
(complex whole)

17


200185
Spindler1997 Strauss1987

emic data

etic data

200154

1994
(E.B.Tylor
1832-1917)1930
(George P. Murdock)

cross-cultural survey
1949
Human
Relations Area Files HRAF200162-65

18


HRAF

HRAF

19941992HRAF
Outline of Cultural
MaterialsOutline of World Cultures

HRAF Internet
http://www.yale.edu/hraf/index.html
The HRAF
Collection of Ethnography The HRAF

Collection of Archaeology

HRAF

HRAF
49
18 17

19


1993
Whiting
37

1993
1.
2.
HRAF

Murdock, et al. 1982

19941992200162-65

20