WIND POWER

SUBMITTED BY:

SAMARTH GAUR

ROLL NO:1416121034

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING

KRISHNA ENGINEERING COLLEGE, GHAZIABAD

UTTAR PRADESH
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
It gives me a great sense of pleasure to present the report of the B.Tech seminar project undertaken
during B.Tech Third Year.I would like to place on record my deep sense of gratitude to the faculty
Ms.Niharika Tyagi for her generous guidance, help, valuable suggestions and encouragement .

Signature of Student

SAMARTH GAUR
1416121034
 CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that Seminar Report entitled WIND POWER which is submitted by
SAMARTH GAUR in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award of degree B.Tech
in Department of Electrical and Electronics of Abdul Kalam Technical University, is a
record of the candidate own work carried out by him under my supervision. The matter
presented in this Report has not been submitted by me for the award of any other degree
elsewhere.

Signatures:

Faculty: Head Of The Department:

Ms.NIHARIKA TYAGI Prof. PRADEEP CHANDA

 TABLE OF CONTENTS

WHAT IS WIND?
GENERAL INFORMATION ABOUT WIND TURBINES
THE PRINCIPLE OF WIND TURBINE
TYPES OF WIND TURBINES
THE USE OF BIG ROTOR TURBINES
THE USE OF SMALL ROTOR TURBINES
ADVANTAGES OF WIND POWER
DISADVANTAGES OF WIND POWER
 WIND

Wind is the flow of gases on a large scale. On the surface of the earth, wind
consists of the bulk movement of air.
In outer space, solar wind is the movement of gases or charged particles from
the Sun through space, while planetary wind is the out gassing of light
chemical elements from a planet's atmosphere into space. Winds are commonly
classified by their spatial scale, their speed, the types of forces that cause them,
the regions in which they occur, and their effect.
An estimated 1% to 3% of energy from the Sun that hits the earth is converted
into wind energy.
The principle of wind is simple. The poles recieve less energy than the equater
does from the sun. Also land heats up and cools down more quickly than the
seas. This difference between the seas and the land causes a global atmospheric
convection system.
Wind is caused by differences in the atmospheric pressure. When a difference
in atmospheric pressure exists, air moves from the higher to the lower pressure
area, resulting in winds of various speeds. On a rotating planet, air will also be
deflected by the Coriolis effect, except exactly on the equator. Globally, the
two major driving factors of large-scale wind patterns (the atmospheric
circulation) are the differential heating between the equator and the poles
(difference in absorption of solar energy leading to buoyancy forces) and the
rotation of the planet. Outside the tropics and aloft from frictional effects of the
surface, the large-scale winds tend to approach geostrophic balance. Near the
Earth's surface, friction causes the wind to be slower than it would be
otherwise. Surface friction also causes winds to blow more inward into low
pressure areas. A new, controversial theory suggests atmospheric gradients are
caused by forest induced water condensation resulting in a positive feedback
cycle of forests drawing moist air from the coastline.
Wind energy is one of the best sources of alternative energy. Wind refers to the
movement of air from high pressure areas to low pressure areas. Wind is
caused by uneven heating of the earths surface by the sun. Hot air rises up and
cool air flows in to take its place. Winds will always exist as long as solar
energy exists and people will be able to harness the energy from till then.
 GENERAL INFORMATION ABOUT WIND TURBINES

A wind turbine is a device that converts the wind's kinetic energy into electrical
power.
Producing electricity from wind power has started 100 years ago.
The petroleum crisis in the 1970s has started the development in wind turbines.
Modern wind turbines are generally two or three bladed.
Their rotor diameter is generally 10 to 30 meters.
Their lifetime is at least 20 years.
They are controlled by a computer system.
An economic power plant has a capacity of about 10-30MW.
Wind speed increases by height so many tirbunes are around 30-50 meters tall.
Wind turbines are manufactured in a wide range of vertical and horizontal axis
types. The smallest turbines are used for applications such as battery charging
for auxiliary power for boats or caravans or to power traffic warning signs.
Slightly larger turbines can be used for making contributions to a domestic
power supply while selling unused power back to the utility supplier via the
electrical grid. Arrays of large turbines, known as wind farms, are becoming an
increasingly important source of intermittent renewable energy and are used by
many countries as part of a strategy to reduce their reliance on fossil fuels.
Wind turbines, like aircraft propeller blades, turn in the moving air and power
an electric generator that supplies an electric current. Simply stated, a wind
turbine is the opposite of a fan. Instead of using electricity to make wind, like a
fan, wind turbines use wind to make electricity. The wind turns the blades,
which spin a shaft, which connects to a generator and makes electricity.
Modern wind turbines fall into two basic groups; the horizontal-axis variety,
like the traditional farm windmills used for pumping water, and the vertical-
axis design, like the eggbeater-style Darrieus model, named after its French
inventor. Most large modern wind turbines are horizontal-axis turbines.
A wind turbine has as many as 8,000 different components.
 THE PRINCIPLE OF WIND TURBINES

The wind power can be gained by making it blow past the blades that will
cause the rotor to twist. The amount of power transferred is directly
proportional to the density of the air, the area swept out by the rotor, and the
cube of the wind speed. It can be found out by the following equation:

Where

P power generated
Rho density of air
R radius of rotor
v velocity of wind

Wind turbines operate on a simple principle. The energy in the wind turns two
or three propeller-like blades around a rotor. The rotor is connected to the main
shaft, which spins a generator to create electricity.
 TYPES OF WIND TURBINES

ONSHORE

Onshore wind turbines are placed in hilly and mountainous places and
are at least three kilometers away from the nearest shore.

NEAR-SHORE

Near-shore wind turbines are installed within three kilometers from

the nearest shore or on water within ten kilometers from land.
 OFFSHORE
Offshore wind turbines developement zones are at least ten kilometers
away from land.

VERTICAL-AXIS
The main difference of vertical-axis wind turbine is that the blades are
installed vertically while other turbins blades are installed horizontally.
 AIRBORNE

Airborne wind turbines are tethered aerial turbines filled with helium.
 THE USE OF BIG ROTOR TURBINES

Electricity produced by big rotors get transferred to centeral electricity

network. Some of the electricity thats needed in industrial fields is provided
from wind power.

There are economies of scale in wind turbines, i.e. larger machines are usually
able to deliver electricity at a lower cost than smaller machines. The reason is
that the cost of foundations, road building, electrical grid connection, plus a
number of components in the turbine (the electronic control system etc.), are
somewhat independent of the size of the machine.

Larger machines are particularly well suited for offshore wind power. The cost
of foundations does not rise in proportion to the size of the machine, and
maintenance costs are largely independent of the size of the machine.

In areas where it is difficult to find sites for more than a single turbine, a large
turbine with a tall tower uses the existing wind resource more efficiently.
 THE USE OF SMALL ROTOR TURBINES

Small turbines are generally used in the fields where centeral electricity
network has problems providing energy or there is no way to reach it.
Settlements at country sides, farm houses, telecommunication and radio
transmitters, forestry observation towers, military facilities, railroad
signalization, fish farms, green houses, mines, ships are some examples of
these fields. The electricity produced by these turbines get stored in generators.

The local electrical grid may be too weak to handle the electricity output from a
large machine. This may be the case in remote parts of the electrical grid with
low population density and little electricity consumption in the area.

The cost of using large cranes, and building a road strong enough to carry the
turbine components may make smaller machines more economic in some areas.

Aesthetical landscape considerations may sometimes dictate the use of smaller

machines. Large machines, however, will usually have a much lower rotational
speed, which means that one large machine really does not attract as much
attention as many small, fast moving rotors. (See the section on wind turbines
in the landscape ) .

There is less fluctuation in the electricity output from a wind park consisting of
a number of smaller machines, since wind fluctuations occur randomly, and
therefore tend to cancel out. Again, smaller machines may be an advantage in a
weak electrical grid.
 ADVANTAGES OF WIND POWER

Its unlimited.

They dont cover up a lot of space and the spaces between are usable.

When the turbines become unusable they can be disposed easily and the
area left behind can be reused.

Wind industry is developing speedily around the world.

Wind power is cost-effective.

Wind energy is a clean fuel source.

DISADVANTAGES OF WIND POWER

They produce unwanted sounds.

They can block electromagnetic waves.

 CONCLUSION AND FUTURE SCOPE

Wind energy is probably the solution for our energy demands. It has great
potential and is easy to manage. All we have to do is build the turbine and
everything else is going to be free. With only 1 turbine, we can power over 200
homes. Every wind turbine lasts for about 20-25 years. As long as the wind
blows, wind turbines can harness the wind to create power. Wind power only
makes up a tiny percent of electricity that is produced. Unlike coal, wind
turbines don't create greenhouse gases and are completely renewable source.
Many people believe that the wind energy could soon be our main source of
energy. Though wind turbines can cause complaints and fatalities of wildlife, it
could be the energy solution we have been looking for.