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.Control Lab
Experiment 2
If a capacitor is used as the feedback impedance and a resistor as the input impedance,
then the feedback impedance becomes:
1 1
Zf (t ) Xc
j 2fc jc
And:
1
Zf ( s )
SC
It means that the Laplace transform of any impedance containing angular frequency
() can be obtained replacing (j) by the complex variable (s) and then the output
signal becomes:
Zf ( s ) 1
Eo( s ) Ei ( s ) Ei ( s )
Zi ( s ) RiCs
OR:
1 t
RiC 0
eo(t ) ei(t )dt eo(0)
t
1
ei (t )dt eo(0)
T 0
Where eo(0) is the initial value at the output.
T=RIC is the time constant of the integrator.
t(sec) 0 2 4 6 8 10 12
e0 with RI = 1M 0 -2 -4 -6 -8 -10 -12
e0 with RI = 0.5M 0 -4 -8 -12 -16 -20 -24
Tab(2-1)
B.2.1 Theory
If a capacitor is used as the input impedance and a resistor as the feedback impedance
, then the input impedance is equal to the capacitive reactance , that is:
1 1
Zi (t )
j 2fc jc
OR:
1
Zi ( s )
Cs
Zf ( s )
Eo( s ) Ei( s) RCsEi( s )
Zi( s )
OR:
dei(t )
eo(t ) RC
dt
It means that the output signal of a differentiator is proportional to the input signal
variation with respect to time. The proportionality factor is equal to the time constant
T=RC.
t(sec) 0 2 4 6 8 10 12
eI (v) 0 -2 -4 -6 -8 -10 -12
e0 with Rf = 1M 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
e0 with Rf = 2M 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
Tab(2-2)
ei(t)/eo(t)
0 5 10 15
-5
-10
-15
t[sec]
t(sec) 0 2 4 6 8 10 12
eo (v) -13 0 0 0 0 0 0
Tab(2-3)
Questions:
1. Plot the curves ei(t)=f(t) and eo(t)=f(t) with Ri=1M and Ri=0.5M on the
same graph.
5
0
ei(t)/eo(t)
-5 0 5 10 15
-10
-15
-20
-25
-30
t[sec]