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10-69 A single-flash geothermal power plant uses hot geothermal water at 230C as the heat source. The power output from
the turbine, the thermal efficiency of the plant, the exergy of the geothermal liquid at the exit of the flash chamber, and the
exergy destructions and exergy efficiencies for the flash chamber, the turbine, and the entire plant are to be determined.
Assumptions 1 Steady operating conditions exist. 2 Kinetic and potential energy changes are negligible.
Analysis (a) We use properties of water for geothermal water (Tables A-4, A-5, and A-6)
T1 230C h1 990.14 kJ/kg

x1 0 s1 2.6100 kJ/kg.K
P2 500 kPa x 2 0.1661 3

h2 h1 990.14 kJ/kg s 2 2.6841 kJ/kg.K steam
turbine
m 3 x 2 m 1 separator 4
(0.1661)(230 kg/s)
38.19 kg/s 2
condenser
P3 500 kPa h3 2748.1 kJ/kg 6

x3 1 s 3 6.8207 kJ/kg K Flash
5

P4 10 kPa h4 2464.3 kJ/kg chamber

x 4 0.95 s 4 7.7739 kJ/kg K
1 reinjection
P6 500 kPa h6 640.09 kJ/kg production well
well
x6 0 s 6 1.8604 kJ/kg K
m 6 m 1 m 3 230 38.19 191.81 kg/s

The power output from the turbine is

W T m 3 (h3 h4 ) (38.19 kJ/kg)(2748.1 2464.3)kJ/kg 10,842 kW

We use saturated liquid state at the standard temperature for dead state properties
T0 25C h0 104.83 kJ/kg

x0 0 s 0 0.3672 kJ/kg

E in m 1 (h1 h0 ) (230 kJ/kg)(990.14 104.83)kJ/kg 203,622 kW

W T, out 10,842
th 0.0532 5.3%

E in 203,622

(b) The specific exergies at various states are

1 h1 h0 T0 ( s1 s 0 ) (990.14 104.83)kJ/kg (298 K)(2.6100 0.3672)kJ/kg.K 216.53 kJ/kg
2 h2 h0 T0 ( s 2 s 0 ) (990.14 104.83)kJ/kg (298 K)(2.6841 0.3672)kJ/kg.K 194.44 kJ/kg
3 h3 h0 T0 ( s 3 s 0 ) (2748.1 104.83)kJ/kg (298 K)(6.8207 0.3672)kJ/kg.K 719.10 kJ/kg
4 h4 h0 T0 ( s 4 s 0 ) (2464.3 104.83)kJ/kg (298 K)(7.7739 0.3672)kJ/kg.K 151.05 kJ/kg
6 h6 h0 T0 ( s 6 s 0 ) (640.09 104.83)kJ/kg (298 K)(1.8604 0.3672)kJ/kg.K 89.97 kJ/kg
The exergy of geothermal water at state 6 is

X 6 m 6 6 (191.81 kg/s)(89.97 kJ/kg) 17,257 kW

PROPRIETARY MATERIAL. 2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Limited distribution permitted only to teachers and educators for course
preparation. If you are a student using this Manual, you are using it without permission.
 10-68

(c) Flash chamber:

X dest, FC m 1 ( 1 2 ) (230 kg/s)(216.53 194.44)kJ/kg 5080 kW

2 194.44
II,FC 0.898 89.8%
1 216.53
(d) Turbine:

X dest,T m 3 ( 3 4 ) W T (38.19 kg/s)(719.10 151.05)kJ/kg - 10,842 kW 10,854 kW

W T 10,842 kW
II,T 0.500 50.0%
m 3 ( 3 4 ) (38.19 kg/s)(719.10 151.05)kJ/kg

(e) Plant:

X in, Plant m 1 1 (230 kg/s)(216.53 kJ/kg) 49,802 kW

X dest,Plant X in, Plant W T 49,802 10,842 38,960 kW

W T 10,842 kW
II,Plant 0.2177 21.8%
X in, Plant 49,802 kW

PROPRIETARY MATERIAL. 2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Limited distribution permitted only to teachers and educators for course
preparation. If you are a student using this Manual, you are using it without permission.